Iceland

→ Japanese: アイスランド (Aisurando)

From Middle English Iseland, Island, Islond, Yslond, a calque of Old Norse Ísland, equivalent to ice + land.

North Atlantic Ocean
North Atlantic Ocean#English

A country in the North Atlantic Ocean, Europe.


Icelandic

Although it's hard for us to imagine, they see the pixels in a raw, uninterpreted fashion, and thus to them a TV screen is as drained of long-ago-and-far-away meaning as is, to you or me, a pile of fall leaves, a Jackson Pollock painting, or a newspaper article in Malagasy (my apologies to you if you speak Malagasy; in that case, please replace it by Icelandic — and don't tell me that you speak that language, too!).

2007, Douglas Hofstadter, I Am a Strange Loop:

A North Germanic language, the national tongue of Iceland.


Icelandic

A native or inhabitant of Iceland; an Icelander.


Icelandic

en-adj

Icelandic (comparative more Icelandic, superlative most Icelandic)

more Icelandic (comparative)
most Icelandic (superlative)

Wiktionary’s coverage of Icelandic terms

Of or relating to the North Germanic language spoken in Iceland.

Yslands

of or relating to the Icelandic language

Despite of the absence of Shaun Derry and Adel Taarabt because of illness and injury respectively, the home side began superbly. Helguson twice threatened early on with shots from the right-hand corner of the box before Anton Ferdinand spurned a great chance at the back post following the Icelandic striker's header back across goal.

2011 November 5, Phil Dawkes, “QPR 2 - 3 Man City”, in BBC Sport:

Of, relating to, or originating from Iceland.


crown

→ Japanese: クラウン (kuraun)

→ Korean: 크라운 (keuraun)

→ Maori: karauna

From Middle English coroune, from Anglo-Norman corone, from Latin corōna (“crown, wreath”), from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē). Doublet of corona, korona, koruna, krona, króna, and krone. Displaced native Old English corenbēag (“crown”); and Middle English kinehelm, kynehelm, from Old English cynehelm (“crown”).
* (paper size): So called because originally watermarked with a crown.

doublet

There is no difficulty getting married in Jamaica, is there? No, it only costs half a crown.

1866, Jamaica. Report of the Royal Jamaica Commission, 1866. Part II: Minutes of Evidence and Appendix, H.M.Stationery Office, page 558:

Maggie Murphy had some knickers that she bought in Bagenalstown, an interlock of knickers that she got for a half a crown.

2009, “Maggie Murphy's Knickers” (track 8), in Stay Wut Her Johnny, performed by Richie Kavanagh:

en:any of several Commonwealth coins worth five shillings

(historical, by extension) A coin or note worth five shillings in various countries that are or were in the British Commonwealth, such as Ireland or Jamaica.


Icelander

From Iceland + -er. Displaced older Middle English Iselandman (“Icelander”, literally “Iceland man, Iceland person”).

cog

A person from Iceland or of Icelandic descent.


krone

From Danish krone (“crown”) and Norwegian krone. Doublet of corona, crown, korona, koruna, krona, and króna.

doublet

The currency of Iceland, Denmark (including Greenland and the Faroe Islands) and Norway, divided into 100 øre, except in Iceland where 1 króna = 100 aurar.


krone

Austro-Hungarian Empire
Austro-Hungarian Empire

(historical) The currency of German-Austria and Liechtenstein after the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1919) until the introduction of the Austrian schilling and, in Liechtenstein, the Swiss franc.


IDF

Irish Defence Forces
w:Irish Defence Forces

(military) Initialism of Irish Defence Forces.


króna

From Icelandic and Faroese. Doublet of corona, crown, korona, koruna, krona, and krone.

The currency of Iceland, divided into 100 aurar


eyrir

From Icelandic eyrir. Doublet of aureus, öre, øre, and oyra.

A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of an Icelandic króna


Selected by the European Union as the 3-digit number fastest to dial on cellular and rotary phones without the likelihood of accidental dialing caused by hanging up a landline telephone, sometimes interpreted by phone networks as a 1.

When you call 112 in the United Kingdom, the call is automatically rerouted to 999 operators.

The telephone number for emergency services on all GSM cell phones and in the EU, Russia, United Kingdom, Ireland, India, Indonesia, Turkey, Ukraine, Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome, the Seychelles, Uganda, East Timor, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Moldova, North Macedonia, Vatican City, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, and Saint Vincent.


Old Icelandic

The Old Norse language as spoken and written in Iceland in the Middle Ages, quite similar to Old Norwegian, but differing most markedly in orthography and, to a lesser extent, in phonology.


Icelandic Sheepdog

en-noun

Icelandic Sheepdog (plural Icelandic Sheepdogs)


Eyjafjallajökull

Borrowed from Icelandic Eyjafjallajökull (literally “glacier of the Eyjafjöll”), where Eyjafjöll (literally “mountains of the islands”) is the name given to the southern side of the massif.

bor

A glacier and volcano in southern Iceland.


Icelandish

From Middle English *Islandish, *Islondisch, equivalent to Iceland + -ish. Compare Dutch IJslands, German Isländisch, Danish islandsk, Icelandic íslenskur.

Some geographical manuscripts written in the Icelandish language in the fourteenth or fifteenth century, and based in part on the statement of the Abbot Nicholas of Thingeyre, who died in 1159 A.d., according to Storm, Werlauff, and Rafn, also bear early witness to the discovery of Vinland by Leif Ericson, to Leif's Christianizing Greenland, and to the establishment of an episcopal see in Gardar.

1903, United States Catholic Historical Society, Historical Records and Studies:

A short time ago open war broke out between the two elements over the new translation of the Bible into the Icelandish language, which had been prepared by Haraldus Nielsson, a teacher in the Theological Seminary at Reykjavik, [...]

(rare, dated [unless linguistic use]) Icelandic (North Germanic language, national tongue of Iceland).


Republic of Iceland

The conventional descriptive name of Iceland.


Hekla

A stratovolcano in the south of Iceland.


necropants

From necro- + pants, a calque of Icelandic nábrók.

Most of the occult practices they were accused of were simply old Viking traditions, though the necropants (see right) and grimoires (magic books) on display were proof enough for the local witch-hunters.

[…] make sure you wear your new necropants under your regular pants.

2013, Kathy Benjamin, Funerals to Die For, →ISBN, page 208:

These people do not know about the rich tradition of necropants, a wealth-attracting good-luck garment.

2016, Atlas Obscura: An Explorer's Guide to the World's Hidden Wonders, →ISBN:

(historical) A pair of pants made from the skin of the lower half (below the waist) of a dead man, used by medieval Icelandic sorcerers to obtain money.


Grimsey

A small, inhabited island off the northern coast of Iceland.


Iceland dog

The conclusion that one must arrive at, as it seems to me, is that the collie, the Shetland, and the Iceland dogs all had one common origin, the restricted location of the collie in the Lowlands not being conducive to the supposition that he was of origin there, when there was no breed to the north or south bearing any resemblance to him.

1913 April, James Watson, “Dogs”, in Country Life, volume 23, page 65:

A shaggy white sharp-eared dog of a breed imported from Iceland.


Icelandicize

en-verb

Icelandicize (third-person singular simple present Icelandicizes, present participle Icelandicizing, simple past and past participle Icelandicized)

Icelandicizes (present singular third-person)
Icelandicizing (participle present)
Icelandicized (participle past)
Icelandicized (past)
Icelandicise (alternative)

In a few instances, both a foreign and an Icelandicised form may be encountered[.]

2022, Daisy L. Neijman, Icelandic: An Essential Grammar, Routledge, →ISBN, page 32:

The latter consists of the foreign word in Icelandicised form (spelling and pronunciation) which is given the weak past participle ending -aður so that it can be inflected.

2022, Daisy L. Neijman, Icelandic: An Essential Grammar, Routledge, →ISBN, page 290f.:


Golden Circle

[A] secretive group called the Knights of the Golden Circle, which sought to create an even larger slave empire than Walker had. The “Golden Circle” was centered on Cuba, and its curve took in the Deep South, Mexico, Central America, part of South America, and the entire West Indies.

2011, Colin Woodard, chapter 18, in American nations, New York: Penguin, →ISBN:

(US) A proposed slave state encircling the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean.

A tourist route in southern Iceland, covering about 300 kilometres (190 mi) looping from Reykjavík into the southern uplands of Iceland and back.

Ten wealthy businessmen who were identified in 2009 for controversially buying shares in Anglo Irish Bank.


Gullfoss

A waterfall in the canyon of the Hvítá river in southwest Iceland.


Rauðskinna

Rauðskinna (canonical)
the Rauðskinna (canonical)
Raudskinna (alternative)

Learned borrowing from Icelandic Rauðskinna, from rauður (“red”) + skinn (“skin”). Piecewise doublet of redskin.

lbor

This concerns Bishop Gottskalk the Grim and his powerful book of magic, the Rauðskinna (The Red Book, lit. “redskin”).

1967 December 1, Einar Haugen, Fire and Ice: Three Icelandic Plays, University of Wisconsin Press, →ISBN, page 20:

[…]but it seems much the same as another book often mentioned in the Icelandic magicians’ legends, the Rauðskinna (Redskin). Legend generally credits the authorship of the Rauðskinna to Gottskálk Nikulásson,[…]According to legend, he gathered together all the black spells, none of which had been used since heathen times, and compiled them as the Rauðskinna,[…]

1997 July 31, Kevin J. Hayes, Folklore and Book Culture, University of Tennessee Press, →ISBN, page 51:

The most famous and sinister of all these books was Rauðskinna (Red-Skin).[…]Rauðskinna is said to be a book of the blackest magic, drawn from the Heathen Age.

2016 January 22, Stephen E. Flowers, Icelandic Magic: Practical Secrets of the Northern Grimoires, Inner Traditions – Bear & Company, →ISBN, page 44:

A legendary Icelandic grimoire about black magic, which is said to have been buried with its author: the bishop Gottskálk grimmi Nikulásson.