Bangladesh

→ Japanese: バングラデシュ (Banguradeshu)

/ˌbæŋ.ɡləˈdɛʃ/

/ˌbɑːŋ.ɡləˈdɛʃ/

/ˌbæŋ.ləˈdɛʃ/

/ˌbɑːŋ.ləˈdɛʃ/

From Bengali বাংলাদেশ (baṅladeś), from বাংলা (baṅla, “Bengali”) + দেশ (deś, “country”).

People's Republic of Bangladesh
People's Republic of Bangladesh#English

A country in South Asia. Official name: People's Republic of Bangladesh. Capital: Dhaka.

बांग्लादेश गणतन्त्र m, गणतन्त्र बांग्लादेश m, गणप्रजातन्त्र बांग्लादेश m, गणप्रजातन्त्री बांग्लादेश m)


Bangladeshi

From Bangladesh + -i. Borrowed from Bengali বাংলাদেশী (baṅladeśi).

bor+

A native or inhabitant of Bangladesh or person of Bangladeshi descent.

Bangladesjer

person from Bangladesh or of Bangladeshi descent


Bay of Bengal

A sea that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean.

Golf van Bengale

Large bay in the northeastern Indian Ocean

બંગાળની ખાડી

baṅgāḷnī khāḍī


taka

From Bengali টাকা (ṭaka), from Sanskrit टङ्क (ṭaṅka).

The official currency of Bangladesh, equal to 100 paisas. Symbol: ৳


Established in the United Kingdom as the first emergency service number in the world, initially chosen because of its suitability at a time of rotary-dial telephones.

nine nine nine (alternative)
triple nine (alternative)

I don't know why they couldn't just keep it as it was! How hard is it to remember 911?
You mean 999...
I mean 999!
That's the American one!
Yeah!

2006 Feb. 3, Graham Linehan, The IT Crowd, Season 1, Episode 2

When you call 999 in the UK, the operator usually answers the phone with "Emergency. Which service?"

The telephone number for emergency services in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Bangladesh, Burma, Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE, Kenya, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Sudan, South Sudan, Sierra Leone, Guyana, Antigua and Barbuda, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent, Dominica, Kiribati, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, and the Seychelles.

三條九 /三条九 (saam¹ tiu⁴ gau², literally “triple nine”)


Dhaka

Dacca (alternative)
Dakka (alternative)
Decca (alternative)

A division of Bangladesh, where the district and the capital are located in.


panchayat

/pənˈt͡ʃɑjət̪/

Borrowed from Hindi पंचायत (pañcāyat, “panchayat (originally a council of five)”).

bor

He called a panchayat of the village and asked them if they objected to having a mill go up next to their village.

2004, Khushwant Singh, Burial at Sea, Penguin, published 2014, page 58:

“You're in the panchayat,” she said. “So couldn't you make that official?”

2005, Salman Rushdie, Shalimar the Clown, Vintage, published 2006, page 233:

(South Asia, chiefly India) A village council or local government.


paisa

paisas (plural)
paise (plural)
baisa (alternative)
baiza (alternative)
poysha (alternative)
poisha (alternative)
pice (alternative)
pesa (alternative)
pajsa (alternative)

From Hindi पैसा (paisā) / Urdu پَیسَہ (paisa), from Sauraseni Prakrit *𑀧𑀬𑀁𑀲 (*payaṃsa), presumably from unattested Sanskrit *पदांश (padāṃśa), from पद (pada, “quarter”) + अंश (aṃśa, “part, piece”) in reference its historical value of ¹⁄₄ anna.

A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Indian, Nepalese, or Pakistani rupee.

A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Bangladeshi taka.

(historical) A subdivision of various former currencies of India.


People's Republic of Bangladesh

the People's Republic of Bangladesh (canonical)


Rajshahi Division

One of the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh

راجشاہی ڈویژن

rājśāhī ḍveźn


Barguna District

One of the six districts in the Barisal Division of Bangladesh


Pirojpur District

Named after a certain royal figure called Firoz, whose exact identity is debated; thus ultimately a corruption of ফিরোজপুর (phirōjpur), a bilingual compound of Classical Persian فَیروز (fīrōz, “victorious”) + Sanskrit पुर (pura, “fortress, town”).


Habiganj District

Refers to the district of Habiganj, which is a transliteration of হবিগঞ্জ (hobigonj), a corruption of হবিবগঞ্জ (hobibogonj), ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic حبيب (“beloved”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”), as the district was named after the local ruler Syed Habibuddin.

One of the four districts in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh


Maulvibazar District

Named after the maulvi Syed Qudratullah; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic مَوْلَوِيّ (mawlawiyy, “maulvi, master”) + Bengali বাজার (bajar, “bazar, market”).


Sunamganj District

Named in honor of a soldier called Sunam Uddin; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Bengali সুনাম (śunam, “fame, reputation”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”); the first element is a compound of সু- (su-, “good”) + নাম (nam, “name”).


Sirajganj District

Named after a local zamindar called Sirajuddin Chowdhury; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic سراج (“lamp, lantern”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”).

One of the eight districts in the Rajshahi Division of Bangladesh


Rajshahi District

ضِلْع رَاجْشَاهِي

ḍilʕ rājšāhī


Naogaon District

Refers to the district of Naogaon, which is a transliteration of নওগাঁ (noōgã), a compound of নও (nō, from Classical Persian نو (naw, “new”)) + গাঁ (gã, “village”), literally meaning "new village".

com

from Classical Persian <i class="Arab fa-Arab mention" lang="fa">نو</i> (naw, “new”)


Nawabganj District

Named after the nawabs of Bengal; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic نواب (“representative, deputy”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”).
The alternative name "Chapainawabganj" (Bengali: চাঁপাইনবাবগঞ্জ) comes from prefixing the discussed term with চাঁপাই (cãpai).


Satkhira District

One of the ten districts in the Khulna Division of Bangladesh


Magura District

Named after the district of Magura, a transliteration of মাগুরা (magura), which is probably from মাগুর (magur, “catfish”), supposedly because catfish were abundant in its marshes in the past.


Meherpur District

Refers to the district of Meherpur, a transliteration of মেহেরপুর, a compound of মেহের (meher) + পুর (pura, “city”); there are two theories on the origin of the first element:
* Named after the Sufi saint Meher Ali Shah; thus from Persian مهر (“friendship, love”).
* Named after the astrologer-astronomer Varāhamihira; thus from Sanskrit मिहिर (mihira, “sun”).


Bandarban District

One of the eleven districts in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh


Brahmanbaria District

Refers to the district of Brahmanbaria, a transliteration of Bengali ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়া (brahmonbaṛiẏa), a compound of ব্রাহ্মণ (brahmon, “Brahmin”) + বাড়ি (baṛi, “home”) + -ইয়া (-iẏa, suffix to mean relationship), literally meaning "home of the Brahmins".

bor

ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়া


Cox's Bazar District

One of the eleven districts in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh.


Khagrachari District

From Bengali খাগড়াছড়ি (khagṛachoṛi), a compound of খাগড়া (khagoṛa, “reed”) + ছড়ি (choṛi, “river”, from Sanskrit सरित् (sarit, “river, stream”)), referring to the reeds around the banks of the Chengi River, near which the district headquarters are located.

com

from Sanskrit <i class="Deva mention" lang="sa">सरित्</i> (sarit, “river, stream”)


Lakshmipur District

A transliteration of Bengali লক্ষ্মীপুর (lokkhipur), a compound of লক্ষ্মী (lakṣmī, “Lakshmi”) + পুর (pura, “city”).


Noakhali District

Refers to the district of Noakhali, which is a transliteration of নোয়াখালী (nōẇakhali), a compound of নোয়া (nōẇa, a dialectal variant of নয়া (noẏa, “new”)) + খালী (khali, a suffixed form of খাল (khal, “canal”)), literally meaning "new canal".

a dialectal variant of <i class="Beng mention" lang="bn">নয়া</i> (noẏa, “new”)

a suffixed form of <i class="Beng mention" lang="bn">খাল</i> (khal, “canal”)

ضِلْع نُوَاخَالِي

ḍilʕ nuwāḵālī


Rangamati District

Refers to the district of Rangamati, which is a transliteration of রাঙ্গামাটি (raṅgamaṭi), a compound of রাঙা (raṅa, “colored, red”) + মাটি (maṭi, “soil”).


Mymensingh District

One of the four districts in the Mymensingh Division of Bangladesh


Narayanganj District

Named after a market which was dedicated to the god Narayana; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Bengali নারায়ণ (naraẏon) + Bengali গঞ্জ (gonj, “treasury, store”), from Persian گنج.

One of the thirteen districts in the Dhaka Division of Bangladesh


Rajbari District

A transliteration of Bengali রাজবাড়ী (rajbaṛi), a compound of রাজ (raj, “royal”) + বাড়ী (baṛi, “house”), literally meaning "palace, royal-house", as it is an homage to the former royalties (nawabs) and wealthy landowners (zamindars) of the region.


Shariatpur District

Refers to the district of Shariatpur, a transliteration of শরীয়তপুর, ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic شَرِيعَة (šarīʕa, “law, shari'a”) + Bengali পুর (pura, “city”), named in honor of Haji Shariatullah.


Sherpur District

Refers to the district of Sherpur, a transliteration of শেরপুর, ultimately a bilingual compound of Classical Persian شیر (šēr, “lion”) + Bengali পুর (pura, “city”), named in honor of Sher Ali Gazi, the last zamindar of the region.


Munshiganj District

Named after a local faujdar called Munshi Hayder Hossain; thus ultimately a compound of Persian منشی (“secretary, munshi”) + گنج (“treasury, store”).


Madaripur District

Named after the saint-preacher Shah Madar; thus ultimately a trilingual compound of Arabic مَدَار (madār, “orbit”) + Bengali -ঈ (-i, adjectival suffix) + Sanskrit पुर (pura, “fortress, town”). The Bengali suffix itself is influenced by both Sanskrit and Arabic


Manikgonj District

Named after a Sufi preacher called Manik Shah; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Bengali মানিক (manik, “ruby”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”); the first element is from Sanskrit माणिक्य (māṇikya), a vriddhi of मणिक (maṇika), a compound of मणि (maṇi, “gem, jewel”) + -क (-ka, diminutive suffix).


Kishoreganj District

Named after a market founded by Nanda Kishore Pramanik; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Bengali কিশোর (kiśōr, “youth, teenager”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”).


Jamalpur District

Refers to the district of Jamalpur, a transliteration of জামালপুর, ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic جمال (“beauty”) + Bengali পুর (pura, “city”), named in honor of Baba Shah Jamal.


Gopalganj District

Named after Nabo Gopal, the son of a local landlord called Ganeshchandra, the grandson of Rani Rashmoni; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Bengali গোপাল (gōpal, “cowherd”) + Persian گنج (“treasury, store”).


Gazipur District

Refers to the district of Gazipur, a transliteration of গাজীপুর, ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic غَازِي (ḡāzī, “warrior, ghazi”, construct state of غَازِ (ḡāzi)) + Bengali পুর (pura, “city”), named in honor of Fazl Gazi, one of the Baro Bhuyans of Bengal and the first zamindar of Bhawal Estate.

construct state of <i class="Arab mention" lang="ar">غَازِ</i> (ḡāzi)

Baro Bhuyans
Bhawal Estate
Gazipur District

ضِلْع غَازِيپُور

ḍilʕ ḡāzīpūr


Faridpur District

Named after the mystic-preacher Fariduddin Ganjshakar; thus ultimately a bilingual compound of Arabic فَرِيد (farīd, “single, unique”) + Sanskrit पुर (pura, “fortress, town”).


Padma

Borrowed from Sanskrit पद्म (padma, “lotus”), which the river was named for. Doublet of Pema.

bor+

The main distributary of the Ganges river in Bangladesh.


Jaflong

An area in the Sylhet Division of Bangladesh.


upazila

/uːˈpɒd͡ʒɪlə/

After divisions and districts, the third largest type of administrative division in Bangladesh.


Saidpur

From Bengali সৈয়দপুর (śōiẏdopur), Punjabi ਸੈਦਪੁਰ (saidpur), Hindi सैदपुर (saidpur) and Urdu سیدپور (saidpūr). All are ultimately bilingual compounds of Arabic سَيِّد (sayyid, “master”, specifically referring to the descendants of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad) + Sanskrit पुर (pura, “city”), named in honor of various Sayyids who settled or preached there.

der

A city in the Rajshahi Division of Bangladesh.

A settlement in the Barisal Division of Bangladesh.


Khulna

A prefecture-level city in Khulna District, western Bangladesh


sarpanch

/ˈsʌɹpʌnt͡ʃ/

Borrowed from Hindi सरपंच (sarpañc), from Hindi सर (sar, “head”) / Urdu سر (sar, “head; chief”) (from Persian سر (sar, “head; chief, leader”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head; top”)) + Hindi पंच (pañc, “five (number of people in a panchayat council)”) / Urdu پنچ (pañc); from Sanskrit पञ्चन् (pañcan, “five”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe (“five”).

Recourse to arbitration is not an uncommon mode of setting a dispute. Generally the number of arbitrators appointed is three, but sometimes five is the number, and occasionally some one individual is made single arbitrator (hasar karna). If more than one arbitrator be appointed, an umpire (or sarpanch) is also usually fixed upon, who gives the ultimate decision if the other two cannot agree.

[1874, “Banda District”, in Edwin T. Atkinson, editor, Statistical, Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-western Provinces of India, volume I (BundelKhand), Allahabad: Printed at the North-western Provinces' Government Press, →OCLC, page 102:

The sarpanches were remunerated by the remission of part of the quota of labour which they were bound to supply.

1884, Government of Punjab, comp., Gazetteer of the Muzaffargarh District, 1883–84, Lahore: Arya Press, →OCLC, page 129:

Every gram panchayat has a sarpanch and an up-sarpanch elected from its members by the gram panchayat in the prescribed manner.

1973, Community Development and Panchayati Raj Digest, Hyderabad: National Institute of Community Development, →OCLC, page 191:

Except for the fact that some sort of political connection seems to be required in order to win a sarpanch election, there does not appear to exist many requirements, for instance in terms of wealth or education. Sarpanches are, in other words, common men and women. Second, the process through which sarpanches come into office is relatively similar across villages, including in "reserved villages." Being elected as sarpanch in contemporary rural India is the outcome of an arduous, intense, and surprisingly competitive process in which various candidates seek the support of complex political coalitions.

2017, Simon Chauchard, “Local Representation in Rural India: A View from the Ground”, in Why Representation Matters: The Meaning of Ethnic Quotas in Rural India, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 65–66:

The elected head of a panchayat (village government) in Bangladesh, India, or Pakistan.


Dhallywood

(informal) The film industry of Bangladesh, based in Dhaka.


Bengali People's Republic

Synonym of People's Republic of Bangladesh


Next Eleven

(economics) Eleven countries – Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, South Korea, Turkey, and Vietnam – identified in 2005 as having high potential of joining the BRICS countries as some of the world's largest economies in the 21st century.


Bangla-centric

en-adj

Bangla-centric (comparative more Bangla-centric, superlative most Bangla-centric)

more Bangla-centric (comparative)
most Bangla-centric (superlative)
Banglacentric (alternative)

The right wing Islamic groups and leaders who disputed the Bangla-centric secular nationalism have been insisting that separation from Pakistan did not mark the end of a predominantly Muslim consciousness in Bangladesh.

1997, Mohammad Rashiduzzaman, “Bangladesh: From a Nation to a State”, in Pacific Affairs, volume 70, number 4, →DOI, →ISSN:

Mujib's Bangla-centric strategy created much bad blood against him and his party in West Pakistan.

2004, ʻAbdurraḥmān Ṣiddīqī, East Pakistan the End Game: An Onlooker's Journal 1969-1971, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 54:

Most of these criticisms of Nirad Chaudhuri are representations of other views expressed elsewhere: a 'gratuitous' use of literary references (63), a refusal to consider 'economic factors' in his interpretation of history (68), a Bangla-centric obsession with the 'decline of Bengal' thesis (106), […]

2015 September 3, Ian Almond, The Thought of Nirad C. Chaudhuri: Islam, Empire and Loss, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 17:

Emphasizing the Bengalis, their culture or what is in their language.


Mymensingh Division

One of the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh


Dhakaite

Dhakaites (plural)
Daccaite (alternative)

A native or resident of Dhaka, Bangladesh.


Comilla

Borrowed from Bengali কুমিল্লা (kumilla).


Cox's Bazar

Named in honor of Captain Hiram Cox, an officer of the British East India Company.

Cox's Bazar District
Cox's Bazar District#English

A town in the Cox's Bazar District, Bangladesh.


Jessore

One of the ten districts in the Khulna Division of Bangladesh.


Noakhali

Transliteration of নোয়াখালী (nōẇakhali), a compound of নোয়া (nōẇa, a dialectal variant of নয়া (noẏa, “new”)) + খালী (khali, a suffixed form of খাল (khal, “canal”)), literally meaning "new canal".

One of the eleven districts in the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh


Rooh Afza

Borrowed from Hindustani رُوح اَفْزا / रूह अफ़ज़ा (Rūh Afzā, literally “Soul Refresher”).

“Extending Rooh Afza consumption beyond the summer months, the drink is being promoted as an additive to increase at-home sales,” says Arshad Siddiqui, chief marketing officer. ¶ The company, which was established as a small Unani clinic in 1906 in old Delhi, developed Rooh Afza a year later.

2010 June 28, Sachin Kumar, “Across South Asia, this sweet drink is synonymous with summertime refreshment”, in Hindustan Times, archived from the original on 2018-01-05:

The Indian subcontinent has been drinking Rooh Afza for over a century.[…]Many South Asian desserts are flavoured with Rooh Afza, including kheer (a milky rice pudding) and falooda, which takes on a rose-coloured tint when its vermicelli and basil seeds are soaked overnight in Rooh Afza.

2018 June 4, Aina Khan, “How I Learned to Love Rooh Afza, the Pungent Rose Syrup of My Childhood”, in Vice, archived from the original on 2023-11-03:

Hakim Abdul Majeed named this drink Rooh Afza – the soul refresher.[…]That in the decades to come, Rooh Afza would travel far beyond the lanes of Old Delhi to 37 countries.[…]That moment in Times Square was a bold announcement: Hamdard had global aspirations for Rooh Afza.

2022 April 25, Sanam Maher, “In Pakistan, Rooh Afza scents memories and refreshes souls”, in Al Jazeera, archived from the original on 2022-04-25:

(trademark) A brand name for a concentrated syrup, commonly diluted with water or milk to create a squash which is widely popular in South Asia; manufactured by the pharmaceutical companies Hamdard Laboratories (India), Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf) Pakistan, and Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf) Bangladesh.