Luxembourg

From Middle High German Luccelemburc, from Old High German Lucilinburhuc, ultimately from luzil (“little”) + burg (“castle”), from Proto-Germanic *lūtilaz and *burgz.

One of the twelve cantons of the country of Luxembourg, which includes its capital city.


Valencia

From Spanish Valencia, from Latin Valentia, from valentia (“power, vigor”). Doublet of Valence.

Valencia
Valencia (autonomous community)
Valencia orange


Sarajevo

/ˌsɑɹəˈjeɪvəʊ/

From Serbo-Croatian Sarajevo, from Ottoman Turkish سرای, Turkish Saray-ovası, from saray (“palace”), from Persian سرای (sarây, “inn”).), and ova "plain, lowland".

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English


Basel-City

(anglicized) Basel-Stadt (a canton of Switzerland).


Argovia

(now rare) A canton of Switzerland (the Italian name)


Basel-Country

(anglicized) Basel-Landschaft (a canton of Switzerland).


Aargau

A canton of Switzerland (the German name)


Basel-Landschaft

/ˈbɑːzəɫ ˈlændʃæft/


Grisons

Borrowed from French Grisons. Doublet of grison.

[T]here is a Griſon Regiment kept ſtill in pay by the Spaniards, there are in it tvvelve Companies of fifty a piece, and the Captains have a thouſand Crovvns pay, tho they are not obliged to attend upon the ſervice: […]

[1685 October 11 (date written; Gregorian calendar), G[ilbert] Burnet, “The Second Letter. Millan, the First of October, 1685.”, in Some Letters. Containing, an Account of what Seemed Most Remarkable in Switzerland, Italy, &c. […], Rotterdam: […] Abraham Acher, […], published 1686, →OCLC, page 78:

Since the reign of Charlemagne, this country is divided into High and Low Germany: the firſt, towards the ſouth, comprehending the Palatinate of the Rhine, Franconia, Suabia, Bavaria, Bohemia, Moravia, Auſtria, Carinthia, Carniola, Stiria, Tyrol, the Swiſs, and the Griſons […]

1759, George Sale & al., The Modern Part of an Universal History, Vol.XXIX: History of the German Empire, page 2

A canton of Switzerland (the French name)


Berne

en-proper noun

Berne (countable and uncountable, plural Bernes)

Alternative form of Bern: a canton of Switzerland.


Vaud

Through German Waadt or French Vaud, named after the Waldense sect.


Fribourg

A canton of Switzerland. (the French name)


Uri

From Medieval Latin Uronia, possibly from Latin ora (“edge, brim”), or from the pre-Roman substrate hydronym *wer (“water”) + the Latin suffix -n-. More at Uri.


Neuchâtel

/ˌnɜːʃæˈtɛl/

/ˌnɜːʃɑːˈtɛl/


Lucerne

From French Lucerne, known in Swiss German as Lozärn, from Medieval Latin Lucernense, Luciaria, Lucerna, of uncertain origin, but possibly from Latin lūcǐus (“pike”) with the suffix -ārǐa, as in "place with a large number of pike." Popular etymology associated it with lucerna (“lantern”), though both words are related to lux (“light”). Also compare Leodegar, Burgundian bishop of Autun.


Jura

From French Jura, perhaps of Celtic origin.

This parallel is the Jura conflict. While the cantonal structure in Switzerland largely follows linguistic lines, the predominantly French-speaking Jura had for a long time until recently been a part of the German-speaking canton of Bern.

2004, Jan Oskar Engene, Terrorism in Western Europe: Explaining the Trends Since 1950, page 158:


Geneva

Mentioned in Latin texts as Genava. Probably via a Proto-Celtic *genwā from Proto-Indo-European *ǵénw-eh₂ (“knee”), a derivative of *ǵónu in the sense of a bending river or estuary, possibly akin to Genoa.

/d͡ʒəˈniːvə/


Bern

Bern (countable and uncountable, plural Berns)

Bern zinc tablet
Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen
en:Bern
en:Bern (disambiguation)

From Alemannic German Bärn, of uncertain further origin.
A popular folk etymology says it was named by its founder, Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen, after the first animal he saw in the area, a Bär(in) (“bear”) (compare Berlin, subject to a similar folk etymology).
The name is now thought to be connected to a Celtic word, Proto-Celtic *berna (“cleft”) (from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to carve out, cut”)) and *branos (“raven”) (compare the name ΒΡΕΝΟΔΩΡ (BRENODŌR), on the Bern zinc tablet, which has also been connected with the Gaulish name Brennus). More at Bern.


Freiburg

From German frei (“free”) + Burg (“fortification”).

A canton of Switzerland. (the German name)


Santa Cruz

From Spanish and Portuguese Santa Cruz (“Holy Cross”), various places named in honor of the True Cross upon which Jesus was crucified. Doublet of Holy Cross and Saint Croix.

A canton of Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica.

A canton of Galapagos province, Ecuador.


San Pablo

A canton of Heredia Province, Costa Rica.


Alvarado

A canton in Cartago province, Costa Rica.


Cartago

A city and canton, the capital of Cartago province, Costa Rica.


Sancerre

Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire#English

A commune and canton in the eastern part of the Loire valley in Centre-Val de Loire, France.


Heredia

en-proper noun

Heredia (countable and uncountable, plural Heredias)

Borrowed from Spanish Heredia, itself of Basque origin.

A canton of Heredia province, Costa Rica.


Wiltz

One of the twelve cantons of Luxembourg, located in the north-west of the country.


Diekirch

One of the twelve cantons of Luxembourg, located in the north-east of the country.


Grevenmacher

One of the twelve cantons of Luxembourg, located in the east of the country.


Remich

One of the twelve cantons of Luxembourg, located in the south-east of the country.


Clervaux

The northernmost canton of Luxembourg, in the former district of Diekirch.


Capellen

A canton of Luxembourg, located in the south-west of the country.


Esch-sur-Alzette

One of the twelve cantons of Luxembourg, located in the south of the country.


Redange

A canton of Luxembourg, located in the west of the country.


Echternach

Borrowed from German Echternach (compare Luxembourgish Iechternach), from Old High German *Efternah, from Late Latin Epternacum.


Mersch

A canton of Luxembourg, located in the centre of the country.


San Mateo

Borrowed from Spanish San Mateo (literally “Saint Matthew”).

bor

A canton of Alajuela Province, Costa Rica.


Lesseps

en-proper-noun

Lesseps (countable and uncountable, plural Lesseps or Lessepses)

La Haute-Gaspesie
La Haute-Gaspesie#English

(uncountable) A canton of La Haute-Gaspesie, Gaspesie–Iles-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec, Canada


San Cristobal

From Spanish San Cristóbal, various places named in honor of Saint Christopher, q.v. Doublet of Saint Christopher and Saint Kitts.

doublet

A canton of Galapagos, Ecuador, surrounding the island.


Meudon

A municipality and canton of Hauts-de-Seine Department, Île-de-France, France.