Pei-p'ing

From Wade–Giles romanization of Mandarin 北平 (Pei³-pʻing²).

In 1928, when the Nationalist Government removed the capital to Nanking, Peking once more became merely a provincial town under the name Pei-p’ing, as in the first Ming period.

1935, L. C. Arlington, “Introduction”, in In Search of Old Peking, published 2015, →ISBN, →OCLC, page xii:

Pei-p'ing (Peking) has many times been the capital of China and in recent centuries has been the center of intellectual and cultural activities.

1944, A. G. Wenley, John A. Pope, China, Lord Baltimore Press, page 6:

The capital, Ulan Bator, has been linked by rail with the Trans-Siberian Railway at Ulan-Ude and with Pei-p'ing (Peking) in the south.

1979, Shirley Carpenter, Atlas of Man and His World, Aldus Books, →ISBN, page 124:

In Berlin Kümmel avidly collected the pertinent new literature published in Shanghai and by the Palace Museum in Pei-p’ing after its foundation in 1925.

2005, Lothar Ledderose, “Tung Ch’i-ch’ang’s Treasure Trove [董其昌的寶藏]”, in 故宮學術季刊, volume 23, number 1, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-29, page 416:

Later on during the reigns of the first two emperors of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) Nanjing became their capital, and the old Mongol capital in the north was renamed Pei-p’ing (Northern peace). The third Ming emperor, however, restored it as the imperial seat of the dynasty and gave it a new name “Beijing” (northern capital).
Since then, Beijing has remained the capital of China except for a brief period between 1928 and 1949 when Chiang Kai Shek’s Nationalist government moved the capital down to Nanjing again (although the capital was again relocated to Chungqing during WWII). During that time, Beijing again assumed the old name of Pei-p’ing which, ironically, is still used by the Nationalist government in Taiwan when referring to this city.

2007, Lahui Ako, “Beijing Sheng Into the 21st Century”, in Lahui Ako's Upstream Through Endless Sands of Blessings, CBS Publishers & Distributors, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 508:

In 1937, an ancient stone bridge, named after the explorer Marco Polo, that spanned a river near the Chinese city of Pei-p’ing (now Beijing) became part of history.

2011, R. Conrad Stein, World War II in the Pacific: From Pearl Harbor to Nagasaki, Enslow Publishers, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 17:

At the conclusion of the 1926 - 28 "northern expedition," Chiang proclaimed victory and renamed Beijng as "Beiping" ("northern peace"). In the Wade-Giles orthography that prevailed at the time, this was written "Pei-p'ing." Westerners naturally pronounced that as "Pay Ping." John Foster Dulles and others, having been influenced by the "China Lobby," (some of which understood the political subtleties of the Chinese language involved) adamantly enforced the use of Pei-p'ing as the name of the (bogus) capital of the (Soviet puppet) People's Republic of China on pain of political chastisement. Saying "Peking" was career-threatening.
When I joined the Foreign Service in 1965, I was duly counseled to avoid the use of Peking and to say Pei-p'ing instead.

2012 August 6, James Fallows, quoting Chas Freeman, “Chas Freeman on Why People Say 'Beizhing'”, in The Atlantic, archived from the original on 2012-08-07:

Cambridge University Press
The Chicago Manual of Style
University of Chicago Press


huabiao

From the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 華表／华表 (huábiǎo).

zh-l

華表／华表 (huábiǎo)

The most notable example of engraved dragons is on the stone columns of the Temple to Confucius at his birthplace in Chüfu. These are also found in the "cloud pillars" (single stone columns—huapiao in Chinese) outside the Tienanmen, while those at the Ming Tombs are still finer.

[1961, Yutang Lin, “Studies in Form: Temples, Pagodas and the Plastic Arts”, in Imperial Peking: Seven Centuries of China, New York: Crown Publishers, →OCLC, page 125:

A type of ceremonial column used in traditional Chinese architecture.


King's Park

Aug. 19 is the Festival of Hungry Ghosts. In addition to people burning paper offerings on most street corners, there will be Chinese opera and the burning of large paper effigies on Moreton Terrace in Causeway Bay and King's Park in Kowloon (Mass Transit Railway to Jordan Road).

1986 July 27, William Schwalbe, “WHAT'S DOING IN; HONG KONG”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Travel, page 10:

On a drizzly afternoon, Tobias Zuser met Andrew Barisić after his training session at King’s Park, right in the heart of Kowloon, to talk about his first trophy, the disputed pitch at Hong Kong Stadium, the quality of local football, the potential of the Premier League, as well as his club’s ambitious plans in the coming years.

2016 February 25, “‘We deserve to win the title’: Interview with Eastern striker Andrew Barisić”, in Hong Kong Free Press, archived from the original on 2024-04-07, Hong Kong:

A neighbourhood of Yau Ma Tei, Yau Tsim Mong district, Kowloon, Hong Kong.


Discovery Bay

Matthew Poole, a pilot with Cathay Pacific Airways, lived in a high-rise apartment in Discovery Bay when he first moved to Hong Kong.

2006 September 29, Alex Frew McMillan, “Hong Kong: Beating towering buildings - Properties - International Herald Tribune”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-06-11:

Students from a school in Discovery Bay were among protesters to descend on Hong Kong Disneyland on Sunday to demand outstanding severance and social security pay for workers at a Guangdong factory that manufactured Disney Japan toys.

2015 September 14, Ryan Ho Kilpatrick, “Discovery Bay students join mainland factory workers in Disneyland protest”, in Hong Kong Free Press, archived from the original on 2016-04-07:

A neighborhood of Islands district, Lantau Island, Hong Kong.


fenghuang

(Chinese mythology, Japanese mythology) A phoenix found in Asian mythologies, which reigns over all other birds, often of female sex and frequently found paired with the Chinese dragon.


Communist China

An ambitious and aggressive Communist China represents a serious threat to us and to all of its neigbors.

1963, W. Averell Harriman, “Introduction”, in China (LIFE World Library), New York: Time Incorporated, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 7, column 1:

But given these difficulties the work was hard and long that year. On May 28, for example, the Senate Appropriations Committee reported out a bill with a rider barring any American contribution to the United Nations in the next fiscal year if Communist China were admitted to membership. The chairman, Styles Bridges of New Hampshire, told reporters that only three of the twenty-three committee members had voted against that rider.

1963, Dwight Eisenhower, Mandate for Change 1953-1956, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 214:

In 1962 a special law had to be passed to permit the immigration of several thousand Chinese refugees who had escaped from Communist China to Hong Kong.

1964, John F. Kennedy, A Nation of Immigrants, Revised and Enlarged edition, Harper & Row, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 78–79:

If this book is ever read in Communist China, the readers may be heartened to know that though it bears the name of an individual author and therefore reflects the persistence of bourgeois individualism, it is nonetheless a product of collective effort.

1969, Ezra Vogel, Canton under Communism: Programs and Politics in a Provincial Capital 1949-1968, Harvard University Press, page ix:

From Communist China there was only ominous silence. Except for sterile and sporadic talks between the American and Chinese ambassadors in Warsaw, a gulf of twenty years of noncommunication separated the world's most populous nation from the world's most powerful nation.

1978, Richard Nixon, RN: the Memoirs of Richard Nixon, Grosset & Dunlap, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 343:

The nation was also at peace. The Cold War had ended before Bill Clinton took the helm, and his presidency had experienced nothing that could be called a major international crisis. Turmoil in the Balkans and Middle East was nothing new. Iraq required attention but no massive deployment of Americans. There had been devastating, but fortunately isolated, terrorist attacks in Africa and in Oklahoma City. But the North Koreans had not invaded South Korea, nor had they lobbed one of their missiles in our direction. Communist China did not invade Taiwan. Libya remained quiet.

2001, Barbara Olson, “The Final Frenzy: Finishing Touches on the Legend”, in The Final Days: The Last, Desperate Abuses of Power by the Clinton White House (Politics/Current Affairs), Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 2:

Fortuitously, the Soviet delegate was not in attendance, having begun a boycott previously over the UN’s refusal to seat a delegate from Communist China.

2015, Dick Cheney, Liz Cheney, Exceptional: Why the World Needs a Powerful America, Threshold Editions, →ISBN, page 54:

In a historical irony, the modern-day version of the Kuomintang is the party that now pushes much warmer ties with communist China.

2020 January 11, “The state of Taiwan: Five things to know”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2020-01-11:

People’s Republic of China
People’s Republic of China

(historical) Those areas of China controlled by the Communist Party of China, and the Chinese Red Army.


Dark Learning

玄學／玄学 (xuánxué)


Xuanxue

From the pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 玄學／玄学 (xuánxué).

玄學／玄学 (xuánxué)

A metaphysical post-classical Chinese philosophy from the Six Dynasties (222-589) period, bringing together Daoist and Confucian beliefs through revision and discussion.


China white

(slang) Alternative letter-case form of China White.


panda diplomacy

The term was first used in the Cold War.

Coordinate term: ping-pong diplomacy

China's use of giant pandas as diplomatic gifts to other countries.


sinofy

en-verb

sinofy (third-person singular simple present sinofies, present participle sinofying, simple past and past participle sinofied)

sinofies (present singular third-person)
sinofying (participle present)
sinofied (participle past)
sinofied (past)


WeChat

Entered English no later than 2012 when the app was re-branded "WeChat" for the international market. "We" corresponds to the first character in the original Chinese name 微信 (Wēixìn, literally “micro message”).

A Chinese multi-purpose messaging, social media and mobile payment app.


Whangpoo

Anglicization of Shanghainese 黃浦 (hhuaan phu).

Firing by Japanese warships upon the Chinese Woosung forts, at the mouth of the Whangpoo River twenty miles below Shanghai, began at 11:30 A.M. today, according to the Japanese Consulate, which charges that guns of the forts opened fire first, bombarding passing Japanese warships.

1932 February 4 [1932 February 3], “Chinese Accused of Firing First.; JAPANESE ATTEMPT TO CAPTURE FORTS”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-10-07, page 1:

Some large vessels that do not wish to berth in the Whangpoo anchor in the roadstead off the entrance to the river and discharge into lighters. The greater number of ocean-going vessels, however, proceed up the Whangpoo to Shanghai.

1940, Commerce Reports, →OCLC, page 230:

Shanghai does not escape the problems besetting delta cities. It lies about 14 mi. (23 km.) I above the mouth of the Whangpoo River (Huang-p'u Chiang), a small tributary of the Yangtze near its estuary. Daily, rising tide water from the Pacific shunts Yangtze River water up the Whangpoo.

1968, “SHANGHAI (SHANG-HAI)”, in Encyclopedia Britannica, volume 20, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 345, column 1:


Kunlun

Kunlun
Kunlun (mythology)#Name
Wikipedia
Zhengzhang Shangfang

From the Mandarin 崑崙／昆仑 (Kūnlún) and 崑崙山／昆仑山 (Kūnlún Shān), with the character 山 (shān) being an ambiguous reference to any raised place, inclusive of islands, hills, mountains, and mountain ranges. The characters 崑崙／昆仑 (Kūnlún) are phono-semantic compounds adding 山 (shān) as a semantic component (形旁 (xíngpáng)) to the characters 昆 (kūn) and 侖／仑 (lún), which were presumably also homophones for Kunlun in Old Chinese—Zhengzhang's reconstructed pronunciation being /*kuːn.run/—but leaving its further development or original meaning uncertain. See also the Name section of the Wikipedia entry on the mythological Kunlun.

zh-l

崑崙山／昆仑山 (Kūnlún Shān)

崑崙

Mythological Chinese mountain or mountain range

That Riuer of Nanquin which I called (Yamſu or) Ianſu, the ſonne of the Sea, goeth Northward to Nanquin, and then returning ſomewhat Southward, runneth into the Sea with great force ; fortie myles from which it paſſeth by Nanquin. And that from hence to Pequin there might bee paſſage by Riuers, the Kings of China haue deriued a large Channell from this to another Riuer, called the Yellow Riuer, ſuch being the colour of that troubled water. This is the other famous Riuer of that Kingdome, in greatneſſe and note, which ariſesth without the Kingdome to the Weſt, out of the Hill Cunlun, conjectured * to bee the ſame whence Ganges ariſeth, or one neere to it.

[1625, Samuel Purchas, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes, volume III, London, →OCLC, page 340:

Crossing the Altyn Tagh had proved hard enough, but no sooner had the travellers left those mountains behind and crossed the border into Tibet than they had plunged into the recesses of the Kunlun Mountains.

1822, C. Bernard Rutley, “Zong”, in The Forbidden Land, Blackie & Son, →OCLC, page 90:

Between the Himalaya and the Kunlun to the north lies the very high plateau of Tibet, which is traversed by a number of smaller mountain chains.

1944, Bernhard Haurwitz, James M. Austin, “Asia (Including Russia)”, in Climatology, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., →OCLC, page 269:

Brodie lent only half an ear. He was eying the wall map, comparing it with what he had seen from the chopper. He picked out the three nearest towns—Yarkand, Karghalik, and Kokyar—running north to south. Everything inside a huge semicircle bounded on the west by the Yarkand River and the southeast by the Kunlun Mountains was shaded. That must be the barbed-wire zone guarded by the army.

1978, Hugh McLeave, A Borderline Case, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 148:

I joined an AMICAL expedition to the previous unclimbed 7129-meter-high Kokodak Dome, also known as Kokodak II. The peak is part of the Kongur Range in the Kunlun mountains in the region Xinjiang.

2014 August 30, “First ascent of Kokodak Dome”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2022-08-09:

Observing Lake Yaniugol, rising high in the steppe, he writes: “It settled like a sacred host of jade upon the sand. It appeared to us at twilight, in the hollow of a ledge, flanked to the north by the sharp incisors of the Kunlun peaks soaring to 6,000 meters, and to the south by the Changtang. Behind this shimmering disk, the secret plateau.”

2021 December 3, Liesl Schillinger, quoting Sylvain Tesson, “Books That Satisfy Your Yearning for Far-Off Places”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-12-03, Travel:

A mountain range in China forming the border between the Tarim Basin to its north and the Tibetan Plateau to its south, extending across the Chinese provinces of Xinjiang, Tibet, and Qinghai.

...the Yellow Riuer... is the other famous Riuer of that Kingdome, in greatneſſe and note, which ariſesth without the Kingdome to the Weſt, out of the Hill Cunlun, conjectured to bee the ſame whence Ganges ariſeth, or one neere to it.

(Chinese mythology) A mountain or mountain range somewhere west of the North China Plain believed to be the home of Xiwangmu and the Peaches of Immortality, as well as other gods and Taoist immortals, and previously believed to help support the dome of the sky.


Paris of the East

Usually a calque of French Paris de l’Orient, praising a location for its supposed resemblance to the glamor and nightlife of 19th-century Paris.


shenyi

(historical) A type of Han Chinese clothing commonly worn from the pre-Shang dynasty periods to the Han dynasty.


WIV

Wuhan Institute of Virology
w:en:Wuhan Institute of Virology

Initialism of Wuhan Institute of Virology: a research institute on virology in Wuhan administered by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, founded in 1956.


Wuhanite

On Chinese social media, holed-up Wuhanites showed how they were coping in videos that quickly went viral. Neighbors exchanged meat for vegetables out of their high-rise windows. Aunties sat around a mah-jongg table placing bets with their prized protective face masks instead of cash.

2020 January 28, “Concern — and boredom — mount for those trapped at the center of the coronavirus outbreak”, in The Washington Post:


wumao

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 五毛 (wǔmáo), a clipping of 五毛黨／五毛党 (wǔmáodǎng), lit. "the 5 dime party", in reference to allegations that the Chinese government employs online shills paid 1/2 yuan RMB per online post.

Communist Party of China
Communist Party of China

(derogatory) Anyone who is supportive of China or the Communist Party of China, whether paid or not.


BNO

Hong Kongers are invited to apply for a new British National Overseas (BNO) visa that leads to citizenship.

2021 January 30, “Hong Kongers eye British citizenship but fear retaliation from China”, in The Economist, →ISSN:

British National (Overseas)
w:British National (Overseas)

Initialism of British National (Overseas), a legal status granted by the British government to certain residents of Hong Kong.


Shanghailander

(slang) An expat living in Shanghai, especially (historical) in its former international extraterritorial zones.


Pootoo

Pootoo.—The most lovely spot in Far Cathay is the sacred isle of Pootoo, two hundred miles from Shanghai, and sixty from Ningpo, from which latter city, in another direction overland, is reached the far-famed Snowy Valley. The route to Pootoo is among hundreds of islands, great and small, all mountainous, which compose the Chusan archipelago, and as the steamer winds its tortuous way among them, every variety of wild scenery is presented; now the precipitous rocks and projecting headlands, the barren knolls and rugged crags; then the mountains covered with trees, and hills beautifully terraced to the top with waving fields of grain; or villages nestling in little bays, or encircled in foliage, lying on the water's edge; indeed in its approaching views and receding vistas it is a twin-sister of the inland Sea of Japan. Pootoo is the capital of Indo-Chinese Buddhism, and its renown is as far- famed as the Chinese language is spoken or Chinese literature known.

1886, Hampden Coit DuBose, The Dragon, Image, and Demon, London: S. W. Partridge and Co., →OCLC, pages 274–275:

Some people in Amoy still persist in sailing about five hundred miles on old sailing junks to the Pootoo Islands off the coast of Ningpo every spring.

1936, Lin Yutang, My County & My People, Singapore: Heinemann Asia, published 1992, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 124:

They still frequented the casinos and went to St Anna Ballroom in Love Lane and to cabarets at Ladow’s Casanova or Del Monte’s where the curfew could be seen off in style until dawn when it was lifted. They still took their breaks in places like Soochow or Hangchow or on the island called Pootoo, where the ‘trouble’ was made to seem far away.

2002, Denis Way, Robert Nield, Counting House: The History of PricewaterhouseCoopers on the China Coast, PricewaterhouseCoopers, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 93:


sinification

en-noun

sinification (usually uncountable, plural sinifications)


Politburo

Any of various politburos, especially that of the Soviet Union or that of the People's Republic of China.

Kremlin

also a proper noun sense from a common noun sense, and also often a metonym for the senior Soviet leadership

(metonymically) The senior leadership of the Soviet Union, or that of the People's Republic of China.


Free China

Thus I met Captain Chang Yi Ming, commanding officer of the tiny guerrilla forces of Free China on Tungting Island.

1955, John C. Caldwell, Still the Rice Grows Green, Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 10:

These pressures might lead to an eventual abandonment of Free China. And this possibility, I believe, is rooted, not in the issues themselves, but in a general public attitude full of danger for our China policy.
I refer here to the fact that the attitudes of both the public and Congress are far more anti-Chinese Communist than they are pro-Free China. The public insists that Communist China is not worthy of admission to even such an utterly non-homogeneous community of nations as we have today. But we hold far less emphatic attitudes on Free China.
. . .
The danger of such an inadequately informed opinion is clear. If our China policy remains rooted more in fear of Communist China than in support of Free China, we are far more likely to be susceptible to Communist blackmail and intimidation than to be aware of the vital need for cooperation with our allies, the Free Chinese.

April 27, 1957, David Nelson Rowe, “Will We Sacrifice Free China?”, in National Review, volume III, number 17, page 397:

Have you any further word concerning Gladys Aylward, "The Small Woman," and her moving picture?
GEORGIA MRS. A.G.
No further word other than press releases concerning this picture. But Gladys Alyward herself recently conducted a three-week preaching mission on Free China's first line of defense, the off-shore island of Kinmen. In her meetings with the troops, scores signified their desire to accept Christ as their Savior.

1958 December, Daniel A. Poling, “Aylward Activities”, in Christian Herald, page 4:

When the mainland of China fell, one of America's stanchest personal allies was driven, with what forces he had left, across the Formosa Straits to that island which is now the remaining remnant of Free China.

1963, Dwight Eisenhower, Mandate for Change 1953-1956, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 81:

Free China's electrical appliances industry has made big strides in diversifying its overseas markets as well as boosting its sales volume abroad, the China External Trade Development Council said Sept. 27.

1975 October 5, “Big gains shown in exports of ROC electrical appliances”, in Free China Weekly, volume XVI, number 39, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 4:

During the Cold War, the Soviet Union vetoed more than a hundred decisions of the Security Council. The Soviet Union vetoed more decisions than all the other members. When the seat of Free China was given to Communist China, vetoes from Communist powers increased.

2016, Rachel C. Larson, “Cold War Tensions”, in The American Republic, 4th edition, Greenville, SC: BJU Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 484:

The standards, released by the Ministry of Natural Resources on the approval of the State Council of the people’s republic, require that all Chinese maps “accurately reflect the scope of China’s territory.” In addition to islands in the South China Sea and Free China – which is to be called “Taiwan Province” – this also appears to include eight Russian cities that span the Sino-Russian border.

2023 March 24, Aleksandra Gadzala Tirziu, “China’s Maps Call Vladivostok ‘Haishenwai’”, in The New York Sun, archived from the original on 2023-03-24:

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

(dated) The Republic of China in Taiwan as opposed to Communist China, i.e. the People's Republic of China, primarily used during the Cold War prior to 1979.


Beiping

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin Chinese pronunciation for 北平 (Běipíng).

The year 1947 opened with massive anti-American demonstrations in several Chinese cities. The ostensible reason for the demonstrations was the alleged rape of a Chinese university student by two U.S. marines in Beiping, but antagonism against Americans went quickly beyond this criminal charge.

1992, Bevin Alexander, The Strange Connection: U.S. Intervention in China, 1944-1972, Greenwood Publishing Group, page 67:

Even before his final resolution, Japanese pressure had begun to produce changes in north China beyond the immediate demands of the armies, as Huang Fu and He Yingqin, concluding that their positions in Beiping were now untenable, actively sought to disengage themselves from their responsibilities in the north. Huang Fu had spent much of spring 1935 in talks with the Japanese in Shanghai rather than in Beiping.

2000, Marjorie Dryburgh, North China and Japanese Expansion, 1933-1937: Regional Power and the National Interest, Routledge, page 45:

I witnessed the whole process of China’s war of resistance against Japanese aggression. In Beiping I heard the gunshots from Marco Polo Bridge, where the Chinese army fought the Japanese invaders. That was the start of China’s all-out resistance. But soon Beiping fell into Japanese hands.

2005, Israel Epstein, History Should Not be Forgotten, Beijing: China Intercontinental Press (五洲传播出版社), →ISBN, page 7:


50 cent army

A calque of Chinese 五毛黨／五毛党 (wǔmáodǎng), lit. "the 5 dime party", in reference to allegations that the Chinese government employs online shills paid 1/2 yuan RMB per online post at the time they first came to public attention.

(derogatory) Anyone seen as supportive of China or the Communist Party of China, whether paid or not.


Three T's

Tibet, the Tiananmen Incident, and Taiwan; three topics which are highly monitored by the Chinese government.


Sinograph

Alternative letter-case form of sinograph


CPEC

China–Pakistan Economic Corridor
w:China–Pakistan Economic Corridor

Acronym of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.


Yangjingbang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 洋涇浜／洋泾浜 (Yángjīngbāng).

Holonym: Shanghai

Some of the famous inns like the Taian Inn and the Qianyi Inn located in the Jiaji Long (lane) to the north of Yangjingbang (the present Yanan Road, East) started their business in a lane.

1985, Jia You, “GENERAL ASPECTS OF STREET-LANES IN SHANGHAI”, in Min Dayong, transl., Anecdotes of Old Shanghai, 1st edition, Shanghai Cultural Publishing House, →OCLC, page 137:

The French Concession lay between the walled Chinese city and Yang-ching-pang Creek, later filled in and called Edward VII Avenue. The British Settlement stretched from Yang-ching-pang to Soochow Creek while the American settlement consisted of a piece of land fronting the river to the north-east of Soochow Creek.

[1990, Harriet Sergeant, “A Simple Equation – The Rise of a Great City”, in Shanghai: Collision Point of Cultures, 1918-1939, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 18:

Rows of simply constructed, single-story wooden houses appeared literally overnight along the Bund, in the northwest part of the British Settlement, as well as on the banks of Yangjingbang, the creek that separated the British and French settlements.

1999, Hanchao Lu, “Going to Shanghai”, in Beyond the Neon Lights: Everyday Shanghai in the Early Twentieth Century, University of California Press, published 2004, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 33:

By 1848 this boundary had been pushed westwards to today’s Central Tibet Road (formerly known as Defence Creek) and bounded by Suzhou Creek to the north and by the Yangkingpang Creek (today’s East Yan’an Road) to the south. The British were adamant about keeping their +70-acre area free of Chinese residents.

[2013, Paul Mooney, Peter Hibbard, “Getting Around Shanghai”, in Beijing & Shanghai: China's Hottest Cities, Odyssey Books & Maps, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 338:

(historical) A former tributary of the Huangpu, Shanghai, China.


Huangpu

Huangpu
Kingdom of Chu
Lord Chunshen
Songjiang
Warring States Era

The atonal pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 黃浦／黄浦 (Huángpǔ, literally “Yellow Bank”), a clipping of 黃歇浦／黄歇浦 (Huáng Xiē pǔ, literally “Huang Xie Bank”), named in honor of Lord Chunshen, a statesman of the Kingdom of Chu during the Warring States Era closely associated with Songjiang and Shanghai.


sang wenhua

Borrowed from Mandarin 喪文化／丧文化 (sàngwénhuà).


Sang culture

Borrowed from Chinese 喪文化／丧文化 (sàngwénhuà).

A pessimistic subculture among Chinese millennials


Suchou

A variant of Su-chou, the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of various Chinese placenames now written Suzhou, q.v.

(obsolete or historical) Alternative form of Suzhou.


production brigade

en-noun

production brigade (plural production brigades)

(historical) The basic accounting and farm production unit in the people's commune system of the People's Republic of China.


Wuhanic

en-adj

Wuhanic (comparative more Wuhanic, superlative most Wuhanic)

more Wuhanic (comparative)
most Wuhanic (superlative)


Wuhanian

Wuhanian (comparative more Wuhanian, superlative most Wuhanian)

more Wuhanian (comparative)
most Wuhanian (superlative)


Pax Sinica

From Latin pāx (“peace”) + Sīnica (“Chinese”) after the model of the imperial Roman Pax Romana, former British Pax Britannica, and present Pax Americana.

(historical) All or any of various periods of general peace in East Asia occasioned by a hegemonic dynasty in China, particularly

The general peace under the Han dynasty.

The general peace under the Tang dynasty.

Synonym of Pax Mongolica, the general peace under the Yuan dynasty.

Pax Mongolica

The general peace under the Ming dynasty.

The general peace under the Qing dynasty.


Five Poisons

(politics) Five groups regarded by the Communist Party of China as threats to their rule: Uyghur and Tibetan supporters of respective independence movements, Falun Gong adherents, and supporters of Chinese democracy and the independence of Taiwan.


Chongqing dog

(cynology) A dog of a particular breed developed for hunting in the mountains of East Sichuan, China.


610 Office

Calque of Chinese 610辦公室／610办公室 (Liùyīlíng bàngōngshì). From the date of their establishment, June 10, 1999.

calque

The 610 Office has two main functions : coordinating personnel at state institutions to assist in fulfilling the office's mandate
and directly conducting operations against Falun Gong and other forbidden spiritual groups.

2013, United States. Congressional-Executive Commission on China, Falun Gong in China: Review and Update : Hearing Before the Congressional-Executive Commission on China, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, December 18, 2012, page 55:

(informal) The Public Security Anti-Xie-Jiao Organization (公安部反邪教组, gong'anbu fanxiejiao zu) in the People's Republic of China


Republican China

The pre-1949 Republic of China of mainland China.


Lüda

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 旅大 (Lǚdà), from 旅順／旅顺 (Lǚshùn, “Lüshun”) + 大連／大连 (Dàlián, “Dalian”).

In 1898 Russia acquired a naval base in China, at Port Arthur (now part of the city of Lüda); Japan took over this base in 1905, Russia regained it in 1945, but in 1955 it was returned to China.

1987, Andrew Boyd, “China and Russia”, in An Atlas of World Affairs, 8th edition, Routledge, published 1989, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 147:

Lüda
Lüda is a double city composed of Lüshun and Dalian, located at the tip of the Liaodong Peninsula in Liaoning Province.

1989, “The Northeast”, in All China, Revised edition, Passport Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 60:

(historical) A former directly-administered municipality in China, from 1950 to 1954; former prefecture-level city in Liaoning, China, from 1954 to 1981; modern Dalian


Tsing Ming

A mistaken rendering of Tsing-ming, the Wade-Giles romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 清明 (Qīngmíng, “Clear & Bright”).

(obsolete) Alternative form of Qingming.


Chang'an Avenue

Partial calque from Mandarin 長安街／长安街 (Cháng'ān Jiē).

zh-l

長安街／长安街 (Cháng'ān Jiē)

The wall poster, put up on Changan Street in Peiping on March, declared that the Chinese Communist regime should actively promote democracy, especially the democratic system formulated by Dr. Sun Yat-sen.

[1979 April 1, “Wallposter call”, in Free China Weekly, volume XX, number 12, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3, column 3:

I was a Communist Party member, and I was leading about 40 students from my college out of Tiananmen Square early on the morning of June 4. The crackdown was pretty much over.
Several girls were with us, and one was really scared. I told her not to worry, that I'd stay with her. But when we turned onto Changan Avenue, the army began shooting tear gas at us.

[2001 February 4, Craig S. Smith, “Tiananmen's Shadow”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-27, Section 6, page 52:

After the crackdown, an unarmed man briefly stopped a line of tanks on Chang’an Avenue. The scene, captured by foreign journalists, has become one the most powerful symbols of dissent in China. The man remains unidentified.

2015 September 3, Patrick Boehler, “China’s Military Parade Celebrates World War II Victory”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-02, World:

The SK Tower transaction is particularly significant, given the 35-storey office building’s prime location in the heart of Beijing’s central business district, right next to the Chang’an Avenue thoroughfare.

2021 June 9, “Chinese insurer Hexie snaps up US$1.4 billion Beijing tower from SK Group in largest office deal since onset of coronavirus pandemic”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2021-06-09:

Fu Yangen, a Beijing resident, gave a resounding "Yes!" when asked if she would like the party to stay in power for another 100 years.
"It has enabled us ordinary people to achieve happiness in our lives," said Fu, 27, as she posed for photos in front of large anniversary-themed flower arrangements along Changan Avenue, the city's main thoroughfare.

[2021 June 30, “China's Communist Party to celebrate 100th birthday in show of pomp and power”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-06-30:

A street in Beijing, China that runs past the Forbidden City, Zhongnanhai and other important locations.


Milk Tea Alliance

The choice of the “milk tea” name is to highlight their shared animosity towards China, due to the fact that Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand and Myanmar all have their own local styles of milk tea, while traditional Chinese tea is drunk neat without milk and sugar.

An alliance between between democratic, pro-Western, anti-Chinese movements in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand and Myanmar.


Sianfu

From the Postal Romanization of Mandarin 西安府 (Xī'ān fǔ), from Xi'an's former status as the center of a military commandery, 府 (fǔ).

Sianfu is a noble and great city in the province of Mangi, and hath twelve rich and great cities under her juriſdiction.

1811, John Pinkerton, A General Collection of the Best and Most Interesting Voyages and Travels in All Parts of the World, volume 7, page 150:

As we rode slowly over the Lunghai Line toward Sianfu, across the brown sun-baked plains of Northern Honan, soon to be flooded when the Chinese breached the Yellow River dikes to stop the advancing Yellow Horde, we passed many troop trains en-route to the front.

1941, Edgar Snow, The Battle for Asia, New York: Random House, page 26:

(obsolete) Synonym of Xi'an: the provincial capital of Shaanxi in central China.


Kiang

A romanization of various Mandarin words rendered jiāng, jiáng, jiǎng, or jiàng in pinyin and particularly used for Chinese 江 (Jiāng, “The River”), frequently used in Chinese in specific reference to the Yangtze.

All China was formerly divided by the Chineſe Emperour Xunus into 12 Provinces; afterwards the Emperour Yua, who took upon him the Government after the death of Xunus, about 260 years before the Incarnation of our Saviour, reduced all China into Nine Provinces, which only at that time comprehended the Northern Parts of China, and had for their Confines the River Kiang. But after that they had Conquered the Southern parts by degrees, and had ſomewhat civilized the Inhabitants, the whole Kingdom of China was divided into 15 Provinces : Amongſt theſe alſo they reckon the Province of Leaotung, which is ſituated on the Weſt of Peking, where the great Wall begins, and the Hanging Iſland of Corea; both which pay Tribute to the Emperour.

1669 [1665], John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, translation of original in Dutch, →OCLC, page 6:

The series of these great events began in the year 1333, fifteen years before the plague broke out in Europe: they first appeared in China. Here a parching drought, accompanied by famine, commenced in the tract of country watered by the rivers Kiang and Hoai.

1888, J. F. C. Hecker, “Causes.-Spread.”, in B. G. Babington, transl., The Black Death and the Dancing Mania, →OCLC, page 24:

The cult center of this vast playground for water spirits and connoisseurs of water was on the mainland in a region on the east shore of the lake that came to be known as Pa-ling. Its official name in T’ang times was sometimes Yüeh-yang and sometimes Yüeh-chou. This is where the waters of the lake merged with those of the Hsiang and the Kiang—but then their shores were certainly contoured differently than now. This worshipful place was at the northern limit of the goddess's domain; still it remained the most ancient and venerable heart of that domain. It had been a sacred center in the distant past, belonging to the marshes of Yün-meng "Cloud Dream," extending north and south on both sides of the Kiang,⁴¹ in the kingdom of Ch’u:

1973, Edward H. Schafer, “The Medieval Cult of the Great Water Goddesses”, in The Divine Woman: Dragon Ladies and Rain Maidens in T’ang Literature, University of California Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 58:

(obsolete) Synonym of Yangtze, the chief river of central China.


century of humiliation

Derived from Chinese 百年國恥／百年国耻 (bǎinián guóchǐ). Coined in 1915 in opposition to the Twenty-One Demands by the Japanese Empire.

(politics, historical) The period of wars against the Qing dynasty and the succeeding Republic of China by Western countries and the Japanese Empire, lasting from 1839 to 1949.


Ch*na

This is hilarious. Ch*na is very well aware of how it is playing the
game having a large number of research groups that study American
democracy and how the fundamentals change from election to election.

2001 April 2, Thomas, “CHINA CHAT ROOM SEETHES AFTER U.S. PLANE COLLISION”, in soc.culture.taiwan (Usenet):

Very very interesting, Ken. In some talks with a Ch*nese friend of mine
(one out of many), I was told she didn't believe the general public in
Ch*na should have the ability to vote. This shocked me. Turns out she
was more of a C-nationalist than I thought, and was at odds to most of
my friends who I have here... it's a similar situation perhaps... [the
* is in attempt to thwart the filters they have over there...]

2005 December 2, Allen, “WHO anti smoker action”, in alt.smokers.pipes (Usenet):

Ch*na has had a highly devalued currency for a long time
and the rest of the world has taken notice.

2013 March 20, mite...@hotmail.com, “BTW, talking of server based DRM...”, in comp.sys.ibm.pc.games.war-historical (Usenet):

(Internet slang, humorous, derogatory, potentially offensive) Censored spelling of China.


Ch*nese

en-adj

Ch*nese (not generally comparable, comparative more Ch*nese, superlative most Ch*nese)

more Ch*nese (comparative)
most Ch*nese (superlative)

I had a dream last night where I was (as always when driving a car) out of
control - but finally managed to park in a spot close enough to where I
wanted to be - and it wasn't clear if it was a Ch*nese restaurant, Ch*nese
kitchenware store, exotic and possibly Ch*nese house of fashion design,
Ch*nese boudoir, or what[…]

2002 August 3, Beauty, “What I have to do”, in alt.support.dissociation (Usenet):

(Internet slang, humorous, derogatory, potentially offensive) Censored spelling of Chinese.


Jialing

Translingual: Chialingosaurus

A left tributary of the Yangtze in Sichuan, China


Sinensian

From Latin Sinensis (“Chinese”) + -ian, from Sinae (“Southern Chinese; Southern China”) + -ensis (“-ese”), from Ancient Greek.

(archaic, rare) Synonym of Sinitic, of or related to the family of Chinese languages.


Sinesian

From Sinese + -ian and Sinesia + -an. Compare earlier Chinesian.

The almost total absence of the warrior-spirit from the poetry of the Far East is a remarkable fact in the history of Sinesian civilisation.

1899 April, Frederick Victor Dickins, "The Origins of the Japanese State", The English Historical Review, No. LIV, p. 226

In this admirable work an authentic account is given of that tract of the earth's surface to which in these columns we have sometimes ventured to give the name Sinesia—the Far East, that immense Asiatic region which nature has isolated from the rest of the world by deserts, mountains, and seas... Now, through Japan, the West has made a definite breach in Sinensian exclusiveness; even China is assuredly following....

1905 September 16, “Literature: The Far East. By Archibald Little...”, in Athenæum, number 4064, page 361:

(archaic, now rare) Synonym of East Asian, with especial focus on Chinese people and culture: of or related to the Sinosphere.


Chinese-ish

Chinese-ish (comparative more Chinese-ish, superlative most Chinese-ish)

more Chinese-ish (comparative)
most Chinese-ish (superlative)

Thanks but this is a real problem. The chineseish text (which we've since learned is not chinese) appears to be from some problem with the ATI Mach64 X windows server. Anybody with a solution, please respond.

1996 March 25, Jeff Templon, “Netscape spontaneously changes font to Chinese or Somesuch”, in comp.os.linux.x (Usenet), retrieved 2022-09-12:

Twinky, yeah... I see traces of ketchup in quite a few Chinese-ish recipes.

2001 March 14, Jack B, “Soy Sauce Question”, in rec.food.cooking (Usenet), retrieved 2022-09-12:


Golden Shield

China's Golden Shield has long been a byword for internet censorship.

2010 January 13, Tim Stevens, “China's cyberwar goes beyond Google”, in The Guardian:

Rather than try to shut down the source, the Golden Shield attempts to prevent these sites from being accessible in China.

2017, Jason R. Fritz, “Information Operations”, in China’s Cyber Warfare: The Evolution of Strategic Doctrine, Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, →ISBN, page 81:

In the late 1990s, Fang worked on developing the “Golden Shield” – transformative software that enabled the government to inspect any data being received or sent, and to block destination IP addresses and domain names.

2018 June 29, Elizabeth C Economy, “The great firewall of China: Xi Jinping’s internet shutdown”, in The Guardian:

Great Firewall of China
Great Firewall of China#English


Chinesism

From Chinese + -ism (“a feature in a language”).

af

(rare or archaic) A phrase or idiom peculiar to China or Chinese people.


mainlandization

(politics) The assimilation or incorporation of Hong Kong into mainland China.


special administrative region

en-noun

special administrative region (plural special administrative regions)

Designation for types of administrative division in China, East Timor, and North Korea.

In China, an administrative division and a type of dependent territory that is granted de jure autonomy (apart from applicable national laws) except for issues relating to foreign relations and defence.


Nationalist China

It was learned reliably that Chiang’s closest associates finally suggested to him directly that the only salvation for Nationalist China is for him to step down and let others try to salvage the remnants—probably through negotiation with the Communists.

1948 December 15, “Urge Chiang Resign As President”, in Evening Examiner, volume XCVII, number 139, Petersborough, page 1, column 1:

But still two questions remain. Can Nationalist China take a bridgehead without American aid? And once taken, what happens next? Of what good will a small piece of land around Foochow, or Amoy, or Putien be to Free China?

1955, John C. Caldwell, Still the Rice Grows Green, Henry Regnery Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 177:

Kennedy said that he was opposed to recognition of Red China. He indicated, however, that strong arguments had been presented to him in favor of the so-called “two Chinas policy.” Under this policy, Nationalist China would retain its seat on the Security Council, and Red China would have only a seat in the Assembly. This would mean that Red China would have only one vote out of about a hundred in the Assembly and would not be able to block UN action by veto.

1962, Richard M. Nixon, Six Crises, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 408:

In the discussion of Taiwan's expulsion from the United Nations everyone seems to have forgotten the off‐shore islands Quemoy and Matsu, the former only a cannon's firing distance from Amoy harbor on the mainland and both controlled by Nationalist China.

1971 November 5 [1971 October 27], Denslow M. Dade, “China in the United Nations”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-04-27, page 42:

the Republic of China (particularly under the rule of the one-party Kuomintang regime in Nanjing during 1925 to 1948)

Nationalist China
Nationalist government


West Taiwan

A reversal of the People's Republic of China's claim to Taiwan, possibly also a reference to the claims of the Republic of China on Taiwan to Mainland China.

The use of the term "West Taiwan" (西台灣) to mock China has steadily grown in popularity since January 2020 when President Tsai Ing-wen (蔡英文) said that Beijing needs to face the reality that Taiwan is already an independent country. At the time, netizens conjured terms such as "Mainland Taiwan," "Taiwanese Beijing," and "West Taiwan" to agitate Chinese nationalists, censors, and trolls.

2021 December 9, Keoni Everington, “German video game ad labels China 'West Taiwan'”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2021-12-09:

On 3 December 2021, Bytro Labs started advertising their mobile game on Facebook using a map of a tiny China, with a massive West Taiwan to the south, and even an Uyghur nation to the west![…]
Needless to say, the Conflict of Nations: World War 3 advertisement quickly went viral, with Chinese netizens outraged over the map showing West Taiwan and an Uyghur nation.

2021 December 13, Adrian Wong, “WW3 Game Goes Viral With Map Of West Taiwan + Uyghur!”, in TechARP, archived from the original on 2021-12-13, Business + Enterprise Articles + News!:

The pair of images, based on the popular “Hotline Bling” Drake meme, shows a Formosan black bear repulsed by an invitation to study in "West Taiwan," but apparently enthusiastic to do so in Taiwan.

2022 March 30, Carl Samson, “Taiwan’s foreign ministry makes viral 'West Taiwan' meme out of Drake meme”, in NextShark, Yahoo! News, archived from the original on 2022-04-03:

A few satirical maps describing China as “West Taiwan” or “South Mongolia” and “North Hong Kong” are also trending.

2022 August 9, Wichuta Teeratanabodee, Quah Say Jye, “Pelosi’s Taiwan Visit has Revived the Milk Tea Alliance”, in Foreign Policy, archived from the original on 2022-08-09:

(chiefly Internet slang, derogatory) People's Republic of China or mainland China.


Sinify

en-verb

Sinify (third-person singular simple present Sinifies, present participle Sinifying, simple past and past participle Sinified)

Sinifies (present singular third-person)
Sinifying (participle present)
Sinified (participle past)
Sinified (past)


Aldrich Bay

In Aldrich Street’s translation story, English and Cantonese are creatively intertwined. Situated in Aldrich Bay, the area is named after Colonel Edward Aldrich, who was responsible for formulating the British defence plan and was known for his remarkable effectiveness in rectifying military discipline. When the bay was named after him in 1845, “Aldrich” was converted to 「愛秩序」(ngoi3 dit6 zeoi6) in Chinese, which means “loving discipline” and its Cantonese transliteration.

2022 December 25, Diana Pang, “Foreign influence Part 1: Lost in translation, Hong Kong’s weird and wonderful street names”, in Hong Kong Free Press, archived from the original on 2023-08-27, Hong Kong:

A neighbourhood of Shau Kei Wan, Eastern district, Hong Kong.


DDJ

deputy district judge
deputy district judge#English

(law, Hong Kong, England, Wales) Abbreviation of deputy district judge.


Hang Hau

“It’s very touching,” said Alice Lo, a 24-year-old web designer who lives with her mother in the Hang Hau neighborhood.

2019 September 2, Felix Tam, Marius Zaharia, Donny Kwok, Tom Westbrook, Thomas Peter, “Hong Kong neighborhoods echo with late night cries for freedom”, in Robert Birsel, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2019-09-02:

The Transport Department said at 1.08am that it had ended the temporary one-lane-two-way traffic arrangement on Clear Water Bay Road near Wing Lung Road in Hang Hau, where a slope about 30 metres long (98 feet) and 40 metres deep had collapsed.

2024 May 6, Jeffie Lam, “Hong Kong’s Clear Water Bay Road fully reopens after landslide forced lane closure amid weekend downpour”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-05-06, Transport:

An area in Tseung Kwan O, Sai Kung district, New Territories, Hong Kong.


Davis Line

1950s, named after Brig. Gen. Benjamin O. Davis Jr. a United States Air Force (USAF) general and commander of the World War II Tuskegee Airmen who was commander of Air Task Force 13 (Provisional), Taipei, Taiwan (ROC).

named-after

The line beyond which American pilots do not fly in the troubled Formosa Strait area is called the “Davis Line” in honor of Brig. Gen. Benjamin O. Davis Jr., former commander of the 13th Provisional Air Force, stationed on Formosa[.] The mythical line is an undisclosed number of miles off the coast of Red China.

1958 November 13, “Formosa ‘Battle Line’ Named After Gen. B. O. Davis”, in Jet, volume XV, number 2, Chicago: Johnson Publishing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, Foreign News, page 17:

(3) Hostile aircraft may be considered to be committing hostile acts if flying east of "Davis Line" (an imaginary line running down the Taiwan Straits).
(4) Unknown aircraft west of Davis Line will be intercepted, identified and kept under surveillance if hostile intent is suspected and may be engaged when declared by the Commander of ATF 13 (P) or any of his three designated subordinates as being hostile.

1966 December, M. H. Halperin, “The Prolonged Blockade: Reaction on Taiwan and in the Field”, in The 1958 Taiwan Straits Crisis: A Documented History, Santa Monica, Cali.: RAND Corporation, page 376:

The rules of engagement issued by Commander in Chief Pacific and U.S. Taiwan Defense Command for the air defense of Taiwan were highly restrictive prior to the 1958 crisis. American fighters on Taiwan were only permitted to fire on hostile aircraft entering Taiwan's airspace and were not permitted hot pursuit in international airspace. U.S. combat air patrols were required to remain east of the "Davis Line," which ran approximately down the center of the Taiwan Strait. After the crisis erupted, the U.S. Air Force commander on Taiwan convinced CINCPAC and the JCS that these rules would cripple air defense efforts in the event of concerted Communist air strikes against Taiwan. In September the JCS approved three relaxations to the rules of engagement: first, U.S. fighters were authorized to engage Communist aircraft crossing the Davis Line on an apparent course toward Taiwan or allied forces;[…]

1988 December, Joseph Frederick Bouchard, “Naval Operations in Crises”, in Use of naval force in crises: A theory of stratified crisis interaction., volume II, Stanford University, published 1989, →OCLC, page 453:

Peking may be testing a four-decade-old boundary in the Taiwan Strait after Taipei ended the "period of communist rebellion" in May. Military experts say China has deliberately crossed the boundary — called the Davis Line by the US 7th Fleet which once patrolled the strait — for only the second time since 1949.

1991 June 27, “Crossing the Line”, in Far Eastern Economic Review, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 9, column 2:

The potential for in-flight encounters is increased by the constained geography between Taiwan and the mainland: the centerline of the Taiwan Strait usually has been honored as a "do not cross" boundary by both sides since it was delineated as the "Davis Line" by the US Formosa Strait Patrol in the 1950s.

2006, Bernard D. Cole, “Taiwan Air Force”, in Taiwan's Security: History and prospects, Routledge, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 112:

The Davis Line has surprisingly been in the news recently. Also referred to as the “median line,” “middle line” and “center line,” it refers to an imaginary air force “do not cross” line that runs right through the middle of the Taiwan Strait between Taiwan and China.[…]
Still, the PLAAF flouted the Davis Line sparingly, only crossing it on two more occasions in 2011 and 2019.

2022 July 18, Courtney Donovan Smith [石東文], “Chinese intrusions in Taiwan's ADIZ, Ko Wen-je and death of the Davis Line”, in Taiwan News, archived from the original on 2022-07-19, Opinion:

The flights over the line — which China had rarely crossed in the past — have signaled a dramatic shift by Beijing. Prior to that, the Chinese military had ventured across the median line, which is also known as the center line or Davis Line, just four times between 1954 and August 2020 and only 23 times since September that year until Pelosi’s trip.

2022 September 7, Jesse Johnson, “'New normal' as Chinese warplanes push across Taiwan Strait median line”, in The Japan Times, archived from the original on 2022-09-07, Asia Pacific:

A boundary line, the centreline, the median line, in the middle of the Taiwan Strait, separating the (air) defence (control) zone of China from that of Taiwan.


coin-sword

(historical) a type of Chinese numismatic charms that were primarily used in southern China to ward off evil spirits and malicious influences


Seric

en-adj

Seric (comparative more Seric, superlative most Seric)

more Seric (comparative)
most Seric (superlative)

From Latin Sēricus, from Ancient Greek Σηρικός (Sērikós), from Σῆρες (Sêres, “Seres”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”), from σήρ (sḗr, “silkworm”), possibly from Old Chinese 絲 (*sə, “silk”). Equivalent to Seres + -ic. Doublet of Serican.

(archaic) Synonym of Chinese or Northern Chinese, chiefly (historical) in the context of ancient Greco-Roman knowledge of China.


Serian

Serian (comparative more Serian, superlative most Serian)

more Serian (comparative)
most Serian (superlative)

From Seres + -ian, from Latin Seres (“the ancient northern Chinese”), from Ancient Greek, possibly from the Old Chinese word for silk.

der

Serian forests... Serian clothing... Serian insect...

(historical or archaic) Synonym of Chinese or Northern Chinese, chiefly in the context of ancient Greco-Roman knowledge of China and its role as the origin of silk.


Serian

(historical or archaic, rare in the singular) Synonym of Chinese or Northern Chinese, chiefly in the context of ancient Greco-Roman knowledge of China.


Serian

On the easternmost edge of the world were the Serians, who made silk and bartered it in silence.

1996, Lawrence Norfolk, The Pope's Rhinoceros, page 38:


capitalist roadism

By analogy with capitalist roader. By surface analysis, capitalist + road (figurative) + -ism (suffix denoting a particular doctrine, theory, or political movement).

surf

(Maoism, chiefly historical, derogatory) The ideology of a capitalist roader: one (especially a Chinese Communist Party official) who bows to pressure from bourgeois forces and attempts to pull the Cultural Revolution in a capitalist direction.


dalieba

Borrowed from Mandarin 大列巴 (dàlièbā), from 大 (dà, “big”) + 列巴 (lièbā, “bread”, Harbin dialect), the latter from Russian хлеб (xleb, “bread”).

A Chinese bread based on Russian rye bread, generally available in northeastern China.


Nüshu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 女書／女书 (Nǚshū, literally “women's script”).

bor

(historical) A syllabic script which was used exclusively among the ethnic Yao women of Jiangyong, Hunan, China from the 9th century, used to write the Xiangnan Tuhua lect of Chinese, which mostly fell out of use during the 20th century.


HK-pop

From HK (“Hong Kong”) + pop, by analogy with J-pop.


Chinesian

en-adj

Chinesian (comparative more Chinesian, superlative most Chinesian)

more Chinesian (comparative)
most Chinesian (superlative)

Very remarkable are three Maxims of State carefully observ'd by the Chinesian Emperors, viz. (1) Never to give any Mandarin a Publick Office in his Native Province, lest being of a mean Descent, it might contribute to his Disparagement, or being well Descended, and belov'd, he should thereby grow too powerful. (2.) To retain at Court the Children of the Mandarins imploy'd in Publick Offices, and that under pretence of giving them good Education, but 'tis in effect as Hostages, lest their Fathers should chance to forget their Duty to the Emperor. Lastly, Never to sell any Publick Office, but to confer the same according to Person's Merits.

1699, Patrick Gordon, Geography Anatomized..., Pt. II, pp. 245-246:

Prince Lovaduck had obtained his odd name because he had had a Chinesian ancestor who did love ducks, ducks in their Peking form—succulent duck skins brought forth to him ancestral dreams of culinary ecstasy.

1959 April, Cordwainer Smith, "When the People Fell", Galaxy Science Fiction

Bush: "Well, I would not sell secrets to the Chinesian government. The Clinton Administration has been far too lenient toward the Chinesians."
Gore: "Did he say Chinesian?
Moderator: "Let's stick to the issues, Vice-president."
Gore: "What a dumbass."

2000 October 3, Tim Paluch, “Gore vs. Bush: That's Debatable”, in Iowa State Daily:

(uncommon, now humorous) Synonym of Chinese, of or related to China, the Chinese, or their culture, particularly Han Chinese culture.


dragon kiln

A form of long, sloped kiln traditionally used in China, which can achieve very high temperatures.


Ru ware

en-noun

Ru ware (usually uncountable, plural Ru wares)

Partial calque of Mandarin 汝瓷 (Rǔcí), using the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 汝 (Rǔ), in reference to the town of Ruzhou where it was manufactured.

A very rare type of Chinese porcelain, often with a blue glaze, dating from the Song dynasty.


Ru kiln

Partial calque of Mandarin 汝窯／汝窑 (Rǔyáo), using the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 汝 (Rǔ), in reference to Ruzhou, where they were located.

pcal

(historical) A kiln in which Chinese Ru ware was manufactured during the Song dynasty.


Kashag

Borrowed from Tibetan བཀའ་ཤག (bka' shag).

bor+

(historical) The governing council of Tibet from 1721 to 1959.


AMAC

Asset Management Association of China
w:Asset Management Association of China

(finance) Acronym of Asset Management Association of China.


Han dynasty

zh-m

漢朝／汉朝 (Hàncháo)

A Chinese dynasty that lasted from 202 B.C.E. to 220 C.E..


Dalifornia

Calque of Mandarin 大理福尼亞／大理福尼亚 or Blend of Dali + California. So named because of its sunny climate, easygoing culture and burgeoning tech scene.

Synonym of Dali, (city in Yunnan, China)


Gyallu

Borrowed from Tibetan རྒྱལ་གླུ། (rgyal glu, literally “Victorious Anthem”).

bor+

China’s state-controlled television and radio in Tibet is surprising visitors to a newly launched website with a music video of the banned Tibetan national anthem. The song, called ‘Gyalu’^([sic]) in Tibetan, is sung by exile Tibetans across the world but has been banned in Tibet for more than 50 years.

2013 November 6, VOA News, “Oops: China State Media Website Plays Banned Tibetan National Anthem”, in Voice of America, archived from the original on 2024-04-20:

The second Tibetan national anthem was composed in 1950 by Trijan Rinpoche. This anthem is known as ‘Gyallu’ and is strictly banned by the Chinese, especially in the Tibet Autonomous Region. The anthem sung that night was Gyallu.

2021 December 1, Kalman Dubov, His Holiness, The Dalai Lama: My time with the Tibetan community, Los Angeles, California, June 2001, page 53:

A Tibetan patriotic song which serves as the de facto national anthem of the Tibetan government-in-exile.


Chinese Empire

Synonym of China, particularly (historical) the Ming and Qing Empires.


Hanjiang

a district in the city of Putian, Fujian province, China


Huaihua

prefecture-level city
prefecture-level city

a prefecture-level city in Hunan province, China.