Lebanon

en-proper noun

Lebanon (usually uncountable, plural Lebanons)

→ Japanese: レバノン (Rebanon)

The country's name comes from the name of the mountain range, which in turn comes from Biblical Hebrew לְבָנוֹן (ləḇānôn), from Proto-West Semitic *laban- (“white”) (compare Hebrew לָבָן (lāḇān, “white”), Arabic لَبَن (laban, “milk”)).

A mountain range in the country of Lebanon, Western Asia.


Montserrat

From Catalan Montserrat. The island was named after the Virgin of Montserrat.

A mountain range in Catalonia, Spain, near Barcelona, the site of a monastery.


Vulcan

From Latin Vulcānus, probably from Etruscan although very unclear, but unknown meaning and further origin (see more in Latin entry). Doublet of bolcane and volcano.

A placename.
A volcano in Papua New Guinea.

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English

An inactive volcano in New Mexico, United States.


Vancouver

en-prop

Vancouver (countable and uncountable, plural Vancouvers)

George Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver Expedition
Vancouver, Washington

The family name is from the Dutch place name Coevorden (“the place where cows ford the river”) via the Dutch family name van Coevorden (“a person from Coevorden”). The place names are derived from the family name, being named after George Vancouver, an English explorer who charted the northwestern Pacific coast of North America in a 1791–1794 expedition.

A mountain between Alaska, United States and Yukon, Canada in the Saint Elias Mountains.

A mountain in the Southern Alps, on the South Island, New Zealand.


Atlas Mountains

Calque of Arabic جِبَال الأَطْلَس (jibāl al-ʔaṭlas), from Berber ⵉⴷⵓⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵟⵍⴰⵙ (idurar n waṭlas), both ultimately from the Ancient Greek Ἄτλας (Átlas), stemming from the belief that the mountain range is actually the body of the Titan Atlas after being turned to stone.

calque

جِبَال الأَطْلَس

A mountain range in northwestern Africa, occupying portions of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.


Thor

Representing Old Norse Þórr. Cognate with Old English Þunor, Swedish Tor.


Jura

From French Jura, perhaps of Celtic origin.

Occasionally, a sigh of mountain air came from the distant Jura, fading along the plain.

1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC:

1862, Author not identified, The Fir-Tree of the Jura, The Fir-Tree of the Jura and Other Stories, Oliphants Juvenile Series, page 7,
On one of the western slopes of the Jura, looking towards France, stood the feudal mansion of Grammont.

The Jura Mountains, a mountain range on the border of France and Switzerland, extending into Germany.


Everest

en-proper noun

Everest (countable and uncountable, plural Everests)

One day in the late spring of 1924 an observer on the East Rongbuk Glacier at the foot of Everest, staring up at the summit of the mountain through a telescope, saw the morning mists part around the summit, and saw there two black figures climbing steadily upwards. One of them was an Oxford undergraduate, the other was Mallory. They were, at that moment, at a height of 28,400 feet, higher than any man has ever climbed before and only six hundred feet below the top.

1925, Willard L. Sperry, Reality in Worship: a Study of Public Worship and Private Religion, New York: Macmillan Company, →OCLC, →OL, pages 337–338:

The early expeditions, though they failed, did make the picture much clearer. The problems of Everest emerged- problems of supply and support, unbelievably treacherous weather, and worst of all, the problem of altitude itself- the terrifying lack of oxygen. Several of the early climbers attacking the summit from the north got within a thousand feet of it. Mallory and Irvin for instance, who attempted it in 1924. Neither of them came back. Why should a man climb Everest? It was Mallory himself who gave the classic reply: 'Because it is there'. Everest remained a challenge: aloof, inviolate, murderous.

1953, 5:41 from the start, in The Conquest of Everest, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-07-30:

Everest saw a clutch of records on Thursday including the most summits for a woman and the first all-Black team -- and a Ukrainian climber reached the top of the world for her war-torn country.
Nepali climber Lhakpa Sherpa, 48, reached the snow-capped summit for the 10th time, breaking her own record set in 2018.
"Lhakpa stood atop Everest at 6:15 am today. This has become her 10th ascent," Mingma Gelu Sherpa of Seven Summit Adventure, the agency that handled her expedition, told AFP from the Everest base camp.

2022 May 12, “Ukrainian summits Everest 'for her people' as records tumble”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-05-12:

It was unclear whether Pasang Dawa Sherpa planned a third ascent of Everest this season, which started in April and ends the first week of June. Such a feat has never been attempted in the history of Everest climbs, mountaineering experts say.

2023 May 23, Bhadra Sharma, Sameer Yasir, “4 Everest Ascents in 10 Days: Sherpas Battle for a Climbing Record”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-05-23, Asia Pacific:

(uncountable) A mountain on the border of Tibet, China and Nepal


Mount Everest

Brian Houghton Hodgson
Columbia University Press
Edward Stanford
George Everest
Royal Geographical Society
Surveyor General of India

From mount + Everest, coined by the British army officer and Surveyor General of India Andrew Scott Waugh (1810–1878)—originally as Mont Everest—in a paper of 1 March 1856 to the Royal Geographical Society, after his predecessor George Everest (1790–1866): see the quotation. The name Mount Everest was used in a 27 October 1856 paper by the British naturalist Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800 or 1801 – 1894) and by Sir Roderick Impey Murchison (1792–1871), the President of the Society, at a meeting of the Society on 11 May 1857 at which the two papers were read.

coinage

[T]he privilege, as well as the duty, devolves on me to assign to this lofty pinnacle of our globe, a name whereby it may be known among geographers and become a household word among civilized nations. In virtue of this privilege, in testimony of my affectionate respect for a revered chief, in conformity with what I believe to be the wish of all the Members of the scientific department, over which I have the honour to preside, and to perpetuate the memory of that illustrious master of accurate geographical research, I have determined to name this noble peak of the Himalayas ‘Mont Everest.’ […] In the case of Mont Everest the accordance of the independent heights is closer than could have been anticipated, because the mountain, though lofty and massive, is not a sharp well-defined peak and was observed from great distances.

[1856 March 1, A[ndrew] S[cott] Waugh, “1. Papers Relating to the Himalaya and Mount Everest. A. By Lieutenant-Colonel A. S. Waugh, Surveyor-General of India, dated Dehra, March 1st, 1856; […]”, in Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, volume I, number IX, London: Edward Stanford, […] [for the Royal Geographical Society], published 11 May 1857, →OCLC, page 346:

It appears from a late survey made of the Himalaya range, by Colonel Waugh, that the Khanchinjinga, which has been hitherto supposed to be the highest summit, is, in fact, not so—a higher mountain having been discovered, situated between Katmandoo and Khanchinjinga. This last named is 28,156 feet above the level of the sea; but the new summit reaches the enormous height of 29,002 feet. It has been proposed to call this Mount Everest, after a former Surveyor-General of India.

1856 October 15, “Science and Inventions. The Fortnight.”, in The Critic, London Literary Journal, volume XV, number 373, London: John Crockford, →OCLC, page 500, column 3:

EVEREST MOUNT.—A mountain of the Himalaya range, situate between the mountain of Kinchingunga, in Sikkim, and the city of Khatmandoo, in Nepaul, and presumed to be the loftiest summit in the world. Its elevation is 29,002 feet above the level of the sea. The highest summit of the Andes is Sorata, having an elevation of 25,267 feet. Mount Everest is reported to have been recently discovered by Colonel Waugh, and to have been named in compliment to the late surveyor-general of India.

1857, Edward Thornton, “Everest Mount”, in A Gazetteer of the Territories under the Government of the East-India Company, and the Native States on the Continent of India. […], London: W[illia]m H[oughton] Allen & Co., […], →OCLC, page 306, column 1:

But narrative, after all, is Mr. Gilfillan's forte, and his picture of the flood is a masterpiece. […] Then, we have mountains submerged and volcanoes extinguished, "Ben Nevis sunk fathoms and fathoms more beneath the waves"—"the eye of Mount Blanc darkened, Old Taurus blotted out," the tide "rolling over the summit of Mount Everest, and violating its last particle of virgin snow"—and lastly, "some human scenes of extraordinary interest," which Mr. Gilfillan descries amidst the surrounding confusion.

1860 July 21, George Gilfillan, quotee, “Alpha and Omega [book review]”, in The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science, and Art, volume X, number 247, London: […] Spottiswoode and Co., […], →OCLC, page 87, column 2:

The mountains of Asia are the loftiest in the world. Mount Everest, one of the Himalayas, is more than five and one-half miles high,—a mile higher than Mount Tupungato!

1863, Fordyce A[lmon] Allen, “Asia. Lesson XLII.”, in A Primary Geography on the Basis of the Object Method of Instruction (Lippincott’s Geographical Series), 3rd edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott & Co., →OCLC, page 45:

Chimborazo was long supposed to be the tallest mountain on the globe, but its supremacy has been supplanted by Mount Everest in Asia, and Aconcagua in Chile. [Footnote †: Mount Everest is 29,000 feet, and Aconcagua 23,200. [Hermann von] Schlagintweit enumerates thirteen Himalayan summits over 25,000 feet, and forty-six above 20,000.]

1870, James Orton, chapter VIII, in The Andes and the Amazon: or, Across the Continent of South America, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 131:

It was one of those termite cones that, according to Lieutenant Cameron's comparison, are more astonishing than the pyramids of Egypt, raised by the hands of men, because they have been built by such small insects. "It is," said he, "as if a nation had built Mount Everest, the highest mountain of the Himalaya chain."

1878, Jules Verne, “The Bad Roads of Angola”, in [anonymous], transl., Dick Sand; or, A Captain at Fifteen. […], New York, N.Y.: George Munro, […], →OCLC, part II, page 197:

Although the real elevation, and even the geographical position, of even the highest mountain in the world are quite uncertain, it may be assumed that the goal lies somewhere near the northern frontier of Nepal, very probably north of the summit recognised by surveyors as Mount Everest, and that the height is at least 29,000 to 30,000 feet.

1892 October, Clinton T[homas] Dent, “Can Mount Everest be Ascended?”, in James Knowles, editor, The Nineteenth Century: A Monthly Review, volume XXXII, number CLXXXVII, London: Sampson Law, Marston & Company […], →OCLC, page 605:

The years have gone by and still we know not whether or no [George] Mallory and [Andrew] Irvine reached the summit. But the will to climb Mount Everest is still alive.

1926 October, Francis Younghusband, “Preface”, in The Epic of Mount Everest, school edition, London: Edward Arnold & Co., published April 1931 (1933 printing), →OCLC, page 5:

Our investigations were carried out almost exclusively among the Sherpa people living within thirty miles of Mount Everest. Tracks and sightings of the Yeti have been reported over a much wider area than this, but a large proportion of the more tangible evidence used in support of the Yeti theory comes from the region we examined.

1962, Edmund Hillary, Desmond Doig, “Into the Mingbo Valley”, in High in the Thin Cold Air: The Story of the Himalayan Expedition, Led by Sir Edmund Hillary, […], Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, →OCLC, page 129:

This abode of snow is the loftiest mountain range on earth. Its highest peak is the mighty Mount Everest. The Himalayas extend from Afghanistan in the east up to south-east Tibet, a distance of over 2,400 km in length and 250 to 400 km in breadth.

1989 December 30, P[ritamial] V[ijoyshanker] Bole, “Introduction”, in 100 Himalayan Flowers, New York, N.Y.: The Vendome Press, published 1991, →ISBN, page 8:

Nepal and China, the two countries that share a border on Mount Everest, announced a new official measurement of the mountain’s height on Tuesday: 8,848.86 meters, or 29,031.69 feet.

2020 December 8, Ankit Adhikari, Joanna Slater, “It’s official: Mount Everest just got a little bit higher”, in The Washington Post (Asia & Pacific section), Washington, D.C.: The Washington Post Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-12-08:

Lhakpa Sherpa has climbed Mount Everest 10 times, the most ascents ever by a woman. She has no plans of slowing down.

2023 January 31, Bhadra Sharma, Adam Skolnick, “The Queen of Everest trains while working at whole foods”, in The New York Times (Sports section), New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-01-31:

A mountain in the Himalayas, on the border of Solukhumbu district, Koshi, Nepal and Tingri County, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China; the world's highest mountain above sea level.

Mali Everest

world’s highest mountain above sea level, located in the Himalayas


Alps

→ Hindi: ऐल्प्स (ailps)

→ Japanese: アルプス (Arupusu)

→ Urdu: الپس (alps)

From Middle English Alpes, from Old English Alpis, ultimately from Latin Alpēs; in later use partly via French. Compare German Alpen (“alps”, plurale tantum), German Alp (“mountainous pasture”).

(usually with "the") A mountain range in Western Europe, running from France to Slovenia, the highest peak of which is Mont Blanc, at 4808 metres.


Caucasus

Via Latin Caucasus, from Ancient Greek Καύκασος (Kaúkasos).

(geopolitics) A geopolitical region in Eastern Europe and Western Asia, deriving its name from the aforementioned mountains.


Odin

→ Chinese: 奧丁／奥丁 (Àodīng)

→ Japanese: オーディン

Learned borrowing from Old Norse Óðinn (whence Icelandic Óðinn, Norwegian Nynorsk Oden), akin to Old High German Wodan and Old English Wōden. From Proto-Germanic *Wōdanaz, derived from Proto-Germanic *wōdaz (“rage, manic inspiration, furor poeticus”), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂t- (“to be excited”). Compare Old Norse óðr (“rage”) and Dutch woede (“rage”) and woeden (“to rage”), Irish fáidh, Latin vātēs. Doublet of Woden and Wotan. Related to English wode.


Pyrenees

/ˌpɪɹəˈniːz/

From Middle English Pireneies, partly from Middle French Pyrénées and partly from Latin Pȳrēnaeī (montēs), from Ancient Greek Πῡρήνη (Pūrḗnē, “Pyrene”, literally “fruit-stone”), daughter of Bebryx and beloved of Herakles, and who, legend has it, is buried in the range.

A wine-producing region and local government area (Shire of Pyrenees) in Victoria, Australia.


Zion

Zion
Zion (Latter Day Saints)
Zion (disambiguation)#Places

Inherited from Old English, from Ecclesiastical Latin Sion, from Hebrew ציון (tsiyón).

(poetic reference to) Jerusalem city proper; or more strictly speaking, the Temple Mount.

Mount of myrrh

as a special landmark of 'perfume' importance; Analogous to the very special power of prayer that rises specifically from this locale. In accordance with Jewish Midrashic literature

A city and township in Lake County, Illinois, United States.


Himalayas

Pluralisation of Himalaya, learned borrowing from Sanskrit हिमालय (himālaya).

lbor

The mountain range in south-central Asia which extends about 2,414 km (1,500 mi) through Kashmir, northern India, southern Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Assam; it contains nine of the world’s ten highest peaks, including Mount Everest/Qomolongma.


cisalpine

PIE word
 *ḱís
Learned borrowing from Latin cisalpīnus (“cisalpine”) + English -ine (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). Cisalpīnus is derived from cis (“on or to this or the near side of”) + Alpīnus (“of or pertaining to the Alps, alpine”) (from Alpēs (“Alps”) (ultimate etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow; to nourish”), Celtic, or a pre-Roman Alpine substrate) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’)). The English word is analysable as cis- + Alpine.

der

They [volume XIII of the works of Henri François d'Aguesseau] shew the conflict between the cisalpine and transalpine opinions on papal power, so late as the reign of Lewis XIV, and the great difficulty, by which, even at that period, the former obtained the ascendant.

1821, Charles Butler, “The English Jesuits—Father [Robert] Persons”, in Additions to the Historical Memoirs Respecting the English, Irish, and Scottish Catholics, from the Reformation to the Present Time, volume III, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, footnote *, page 157:

In pointing to some of these excesses on both sides, I have it not in contemplation to canvass, argue or even to refute errors either ultramontane or cisalpine, but merely to secure to myself a tenable position, […]

1824, Francis Plowden, “Of Tithes and Other Church Property”, in Human Subordination: Being an Elementary Disquisition Concerning the Civil and Spiritual Power and Authority, to which the Creator Requires the Submission of Every Human Being. […], Paris: Printed by J. Smith, […], and published by W[illiam] Simpkin and R[ichard] Marshall, […], →OCLC, page 72:

[N]ot being swayed by the spirit of either the ultramontane or the cisalpine school, by impracticable philosophical Jansenism, by abominable, gross, and hypocritical Jesuitism, nor by a collection of irrelevant doctrines based on contested principles, let us fix the following ones, which are essential......

1845 June, “Art. IV.—1. Revelations of Spain, in 1845. By an English Resident, 2 vols. 8vo. London: 1845. Colburn. […] [book reviews]”, in The Dublin Review, volume XVIII, number XXXVI, London; Dublin: Thomas Richardson and Son [et al.], →OCLC, pages 403–404:

[T]he "Constitutions of Narbonne" […] detailed further measures for governance in a collegial spirit by establishing a fixed triennial interval for the convening of general chapters and instated alternating locations for chapter meetings, oscillating between cisalpine and ultramontane provinces.

2014, Nicholas W. Youmans, “Non sic erit inter frateres. Internal Structures of Obedience in Early Minorite Relational Constructs”, in Mirko Breitenstein, Julia Burkhardt, Stefan Burkhardt, Jens Röhrkasten, editors, Rules and Observance: Devising Forms of Communal Life (Vita Regularis: Ordnungen und Deutungen religiosen Lebens im Mittelalter [Ordered Life: Orders and Interpretations of Religious Life in the Middle Ages]; treatise 60), Berlin: LIT Verlag, →ISBN, part I (Creation of Norms), page 35:

Alternative letter-case form of Cisalpine (“of or pertaining to Gallicanism, the doctrine that the church of France is autonomous, especially in relation to the pope; or cisalpinism, a movement in 18th–19th century Britain among Roman Catholics which took the view that allegiance to the Crown was compatible with allegiance to the pope”)


Ajax

Nickname of Aspen Mountain, a mountain in Pitkin County, Colorado.


Monarch

en-proper noun

Monarch (countable and uncountable, plural Monarchs)

British Columbia
British Columbia#English

The Monarch, a mountain in British Columbia.


Qomolangma

In this book, all the reports with their text-figures and tables can be said to be the most comprehensive and systematical stratigraphic works about the Mt. Qomolangma Region ever written and published up to present day.

1987, Zhongguo ke xue yuan. Xizang ke xue kao cha dui, Stratigraphy of the Mount Qomolangma Region:

The Himalayas are barriers to the warm and humid summer monsoon and make a great difference of precipitation between the north and the south of Mt . Qomolangma.

2006, Journal of Geographical Sciences - Volumes 16-17, page 332:

With the opening of the highways from Lhasa to Xigaze's Tingri County, visitors to Mount Qomolangma can enjoy a closer view of the magnificent mountain

2010, China Tourism - Issues 325-327, page 6:

Alternative form of Chomolungma, the Tibetan name for Mount Everest.


Kilimanjaro

/ˌkɪləmənˈd͡ʒɑɹoʊ/

/ˌkɪlɪmənˈd͡ʒɑːɹəʊ/

Unclear, but most likely from Swahili kilima (“hill”) + njaro.

Meronyms: Kibo, Mawenzi, Shira

A volcano in Tanzania, the highest peak in Africa at 5,895 meters (19,321 feet).


Taurus

From Latin Taurus, from Ancient Greek Ταῦρος (Taûros)

A mountain range in southern Anatolia, almost 4000 metres high and running parallel to the Mediterranean coast


Hejaz

Borrowed from Arabic الْحِجَاز (al-ḥijāz).

bor+

The mountainous area of northwest Saudi Arabia which gave rise to early Islam and which contains the sites of many holy places.


Ural Mountains

a range of mountains in Russia that stretch from the Arctic to the Caspian Sea; traditionally, the border between Europe and Asia


Ural

From Russian Ура́л (Urál), most likely from either Bashkir үр (ür, “elevation; upland”) or Mansi (Northern Mansi ур ала (ur ala, “mountain peak”)).

cog

A river that rises in the Urals and flows through Russia and Kazakhstan


Asgard

Learned borrowing from Old Norse Ásgarðr.


Sudeten

Via German Sudeten-; the name was used by Ptolemy as Σούδητα ὄρη (Soúdēta órē), but is of uncertain origin. Illyrian has been suggested.

A mountain range in Central Europe (Czech Republic, Poland, Germany).


scree

A contract of lease was entered into between the pursuer, who is the proprietor of the estate of Bargaddie, on the one part, and William M'Creath and others, carrying on business under the firm of the Bargaddie Coal Company, on the other part, […] and the lessees becoming bound to pay to the pursuer the sum of £500 sterling of fixed yearly rent, or, in his option, a lordship of 5½d. per cart of the gross output of coals, such cart weighing 13 cwt., and the coals being riddled through a riddle or scree of the customary size.

1859 March 15, John Lorimer, William E[llis] Gloag, James Paterson, “The Bargaddie of Bartonshill Coal Company (Robert Paterson, J. B. Neilson, &c.), Appellants, v. Robert Wark, Respondent”, in Geo[rge] Dingwall Fordyce, editor, The Scottish Jurist: Being Reports of Cases Decided in the Supreme Courts of Scotland, and in the House of Lords on Appeal from Scotland, volume XXXI, Edinburgh: Thomas Constable and Co. and all booksellers, →OCLC, page 324, column 1:


Paco

Borrowed from Spanish Paco, diminutive of Francisco. See also Spanish Pancho.

Surigao del Norte
Surigao del Norte#English

A volcano in Surigao del Norte, Caraga, Mindanao, Philippines


Thomas Montgomerie designated the mountain K2 in 1856 for being the second peak of the Karakoram range.

Here we have K², the highest mountain at present open to Europeans to attempt, only 750 feet lower than Mount Everest.²

[1912, Filippo De Filippi, Karakoram and Western Himalaya, 1909, New York: E. P. Dutton and Company, →OCLC, →OL, page 12:

On the morning of July 31, the mountain rose spangled in the summer sun 2,300 feet above Achille Compagnoni and Lino Lacedelli. Strapping on three oxygen tanks, the two men faced toward K2's last fastness.

1954 October 11, “Assault on the Summit: The Conquerors' Account”, in Life, volume 37, number 15, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 33:

What is there on the summit of K2, that would entice a climber to risk everything?

2001, Heidi Howkins, K2: One Woman's Quest for the Summit, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page v:

Meyer’s team was one of eight international expeditions that were setting off on the final day of their ascent of K2, at 28,251 feet the second-tallest mountain on earth. K2 was nearly 800 feet shorter than Everest, the world’s highest peak, but it was considered much more difficult, and more deadly.

2010, Graham Bowley, No Way Down: Life and Death on K2, HarperCollins, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page xx:

I'm super excited to be on the summit of K2! No Ox! (coughs) It was hard.

2020, Carla Perez, 42:40 from the start, in Breathtaking: K2 - The World's Most Dangerous Mountain | Eddie Bauer, YouTube, Eddie Bauer, archived from the original on 2020-05-22:

Even a successful spring or summer climb of K2 is rare. Fewer than 400 climbers have been to its apex. More people have been to outer space than have stood its summit.

2021 January 19, Adam Skolnick, Bhadra Sharma, “How Climbers Reached the Summit of K2 in Winter for the First Time”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-01-19, Sports:

A 19-year-old Pakistani has become the youngest person to summit K2, the world's second highest mountain, the Alpine Club of Pakistan said on Tuesday. Shehroze Kashif reached the 8,611 metre (28,251 foot) summit at 8:10 a.m. on Tuesday.

2021 July 27, Umar Farooq, “Pakistani, 19, becomes youngest person to summit K2”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2021-07-27:

Climbers have warned of overcrowding on K2 — the world’s second highest mountain and one of its deadliest — after a sherpa took video of queues snaking towards the summit.

2022 August 1, Emma Yeomans, Fiona Kingston, “Overcrowding on K2 as climbers queue to reach peak”, in The Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-08-01, UK News:

A mountain on the border between Pakistan and Taxkorgan, Kashgar prefecture, Xinjiang, China, the world’s second highest mountain, located in the Ladakh Karakorams.


Snowdon

en-proper noun

Snowdon (countable and uncountable, plural Snowdons)

From Old English snaw+dun, Literally, “snow hill”.

m-g

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">snow hill</i>

The highest mountain in Wales at 1,085 metres high, in the county of Gwynedd (OS grid ref SH6054).


Mont Blanc

Borrowed from French mont Blanc (literally “white mountain”), from mont (“mount”) + blanc (“white”).

bor

The highest mountain in Europe, in the Alps between France and Italy.

மோன்தே பியாங்கோ

mōṉtē piyāṅkō


Karakoram

/ˌkɑː.ɹəˈkɔː.ɹəm/

/ˌkæɹ.əˈkɔː.ɹəm/

/ˌkɑɹ.əˈkɔɹ.əm/

/ˌkæɹ.əˈkɔɹ.əm/

Ultimately from a Turkic language, literally meaning "black gravel". See Ottoman Turkish قره (qara, “black”) and possibly قوروم (kurum, “soot”) (kurum) and compare Urdu قراقرم (qarāquram) / قرہ قرم (qara quram).

The Labiate genus Perovskia, to which the plant here figured belongs, is a somewhat anomalous one, comprising four species, two of which are natives of Turkestan with a third confined to Beluchistan, and a fourth, the one now depicted, which extends from the mountains of Afghanistan through the Western Himalaya to Western Tibet. In the Karakoram Range it is met with at elevations up to 10,000 feet above sea level.

1912, Curtis's Botanical Magazine, volume 8, page 8441:

To reach the Karakoram the expedition had to cross the vast mountainous region which lies between Kashmir and Chinese Turkestan, taking a different route each way.

1912, Filippo De Filippi, “Introduction”, in Karakoram and Western Himalaya, 1909, New York: E. P. Dutton and Company, →OCLC, →OL, page xvii:

The two sides also appeared to have dismantled recent construction along the river valley high in the Karakoram mountains, satellite images showed.

2020 July 7, AIJAZ HUSSAIN, EMILY SCHMALL, SAM MCNEIL, “Indian, Chinese soldiers move away from site of deadly clash”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-05-18:

A mountain range located in Gilgit, Ladakh and Baltistan, containing more than sixty peaks above 7,000 m (22,960 ft), including K2, the second highest peak in the world.


Ben Nevis

From Scottish Gaelic beinn (“peak”) + "Nevis" having an unknown etymology.

But narrative, after all, is Mr. Gilfillan’s forte, and his picture of the flood is a masterpiece. First, we have the march of the animals — lions and tigers, “the solemn elephants,” the hyena, “horrible even in its transient tameness,” “the fox and lamb embracing each other” — “thick streams of reptile existence, from the serpent to the scorpion, from the boa-constrictor to the lizard, wriggling on their ark-ward way” — “overhead flights of birds, here all oracular of doom—the earnest eagle, the gloom-glowing raven, the reluctant vulture,” sweeping to their destined home. Then, we have mountains submerged and volcanoes extinguished, “Ben Nevis sunk fathoms and fathoms more beneath the waves” — “the eye of Mount Blanc darkened, Old Taurus blotted out,” the tide “rolling over the summit of Mount Everest, and violating its last particle of virgin snow” — and lastly, “some human scenes of extraordinary interest,” which Mr. Gilfillan descries amidst the surrounding confusion.

1860 July 21, George Gilfillan, quotee, “Alpha and Omega”, in The Saturday Review of Politics, Literature, Science, and Art, volume 10, number 247, →OCLC, page 87, column 2:

The highest mountain in the United Kingdom, in Highland council area, Scotland (OS grid ref NN1671).


Harz

A mountain range in central Germany; its rugged terrain extends across parts of in Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia.


Highlands

Specific application of highlands, equivalent to high + lands.

The mountainous northern area of Scotland.


Olympus

From Latin Olympus, from Ancient Greek Ὄλυμπος (Ólumpos), likely of Pre-Greek origin.

Sleeping-car passengers, however, will know little of their entry into Greece until, at 6 a.m. on the third morning after leaving Paris, the short train runs over the Vardar plain, with dawn glimpses of Mount Athos to the east and of cloud-capped Olympus across the gulf to the south, past the rebuilt yard and into the new passenger station at Salonica.

1951 November, 'Pausanias', “To Greece by the "Simplon-Orient Express"”, in Railway Magazine, page 731:

The highest mountain in Greece; in Ancient Greek mythology the home of the gods.


Vesuvius

From Latin Vesuvius, of uncertain origin.

Hecla bellowed until the Icelanders feared a cataclysm. Vesuvius blew its head off.

1928 February 25 – March 3, Arthur Conan Doyle, “When the World Screamed”, in The Professor Challenger Stories […], London: John Murray, […], published [1952], →OCLC, page 577:

A volcanic mountain located on the Gulf of Naples in Italy.


Meru

It was in 1902, six years after the killings, however, that a church and school were built near Akeri, specifically at Nkoaranga on the slopes of Mount Meru (Baroin 1995, 3).

2009, Dale C. Williams, Leadership and Leadership Development in the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Tanzania: An Investigation into Patterns and Processes in the Meru Diocese, page 9:

(usually with "Mount") A mountain in Arusha, Tanzania.


Jungfrau

The highest mountain in the Bernese Alps, Switzerland.


Santa Cruz

From Spanish and Portuguese Santa Cruz (“Holy Cross”), various places named in honor of the True Cross upon which Jesus was crucified. Doublet of Holy Cross and Saint Croix.

Cordillera Blanca
Cordillera Blanca#English

A mountain in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru.


Popocatépetl

From Mexican Spanish Popocatépetl, from Classical Nahuatl Popōcatepētl (literally “smoking mountain”), from popōca (“to smoke”) + tepētl (“mountain, hill”).

der

Far to his left, in the northeast, beyond the valley and the terraced foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental, the two volcanoes, Popocatepetl and Ixtaccihuatl, rose clear and magnificent into the sunset.

1947, Malcolm Lowry, Under the Volcano, New York: Reynal & Hitchcock, page 5:

An active volcano in Mexico, located southeast of Mexico City.


Carson

Could originate from the Gaelic name "Carr" or "Carra", meaning "rock" or "fort," combined with "son", thus "son of Carr.".

A mountain range in eastern California and western Nevada, a spur of the Sierra Nevada.


Mount Fuji

From Japanese 富士山 (ふじさん, Fuji-san), from 富士 (ふじ, Fuji, the name of the mountain; see there for more) + 山 (-さん, -san, suffix for mountains, which has been translated).


Cairngorms

A mountainous region in the Scottish Highlands.


Brecon Beacons

A mountain range and national park in south-east Wales


Mount Kilimanjaro

A mountain in northeastern Tanzania, the highest peak in Africa.


Pratt

en-proper noun

Pratt (countable and uncountable, plural Pratts)

Probably from French pré (“meadow”), meaning a meadow dweller; from Old French prat, from Latin pratum. Another proposed source is Old English prætt (“trick, cunning, astute”).

der

A mountain in New Hampshire, United States.


Rocky Mountains

en-proper noun

the Rocky Mountains pl (normally plural, singular Rocky Mountain)

the Rocky Mountains (canonical plural)
Rocky Mountain (singular)

Calque of French Montagnes de Roche first recorded in 1752 by Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, believed to itself be a calque from an indigenous language, possibly a calque of Plains Cree ᐊᓯᓃᐘᒋᕀ (asinîwaciy), a compound which includes ᐊᓯᓂᕀ (asiniy, “rock”) + ᐘᒋᕀ (waciy, “mountain”).

calque

Meronym: Sangre de Cristo Mountains

A range of mountains running from Northern New Mexico to Alaska.


Cadillac

From French Cadillac, from Occitan Cadilhac.
Most places or objects named Cadillac are named for Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, a French explorer who founded the eponymous city in Maine and later the city of Detroit, Michigan.


Chungyang Shanmo

From the Wade–Giles romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 中央山脈／中央山脉 (Zhōngyāng Shānmò, “Central Mountain Range”), Wade-Giles romanization: Chung¹-yang¹ Shan¹-mo⁴.

der

The East-West Cross-Island Highway, costing almost $11 million, is completed after nearly four years of labor by 100,000 workers. It opens the Chungyang Shanmo in eastern Taiwan to development by agricultural and logging interests and tourism.

1999, “Taiwan”, in Worldmark Chronology of the Nations, volume 3, Gale Group, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 587–588:

Taiwan’s most prominent topographical feature is the Chungyang Shanmo (Central Mountain Range), a ridge of towering mountains that runs for about 270 km (167 miles) of the island’s length and formed by ancient tectonic, and, to a lesser extent, volcanic activity.

2003, “Features”, in Vivien Kim, editor, Taiwan (Insight Guides), →ISBN, →OCLC, page 45, column 1:

Half of the main island of Taiwan is covered by a mountain range called the Chungyang Shanmo (CHONG-yuhng SHUHN-mor) mountains.

2004, Vanessa Wan, “The Land”, in Welcome to Taiwan (Welcome to My Country), Gareth Stevens Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 7:

Central Mountain Range
Central Mountain Range#English

Synonym of Central Mountain Range on Taiwan: the Mandarin Chinese-derived name.


Carmel

From Hebrew כַּרְמֶל (karmél, “vineyard of El/God”).

bor

So Ahab sent unto all the children of Israel, and gathered the prophets together unto mount Carmel.


Api

From Tibetan ཨ་ཕྱི (a phyi, “grandmother”).

Looking to the east we could see Api and the mountains of west Nepal, shapely snow peaks in the distance, while in the immediate foreground, much lower but still dramatic, were the peaks of Panch Chuli IV and V (III was hidden by the lip of a huge cornice), Telkot and Nagling, all of them unclimbed, all steep and challenging.

1999, Harish Kapadia, “Ascents in the Panch Chuli Group”, in Across Peaks & Passes in Kumaun Himalaya, New Delhi: Indus Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 136:

A mountain of the Himalayas in the western part of Nepal, near the border of Tibet.


Pennines

A range of hills stretching through north central England.


Black Forest

A large forest and mountain range in southwestern Germany.


Casper

Alternative spelling of Caspar. The slur denoting a white person is an allusion to Casper the Friendly Ghost. The skateboarding term is named after Bobby Boyden, a professional skateboarder who was given the nickname "Casper" as a child because of his pale skin (again in allusion to the friendly ghost).


Aconcagua

A mountain in Argentina in the Andes, the highest point in South America.


Etna

From the Latin Aetna, perhaps via the Italian Etna. From either Ancient Greek Αἴτνη (Aítnē, “Aetna”) or αἴθω (aíthō, “I burn”), or from a Sicanian dialect Italic base *aið-na (“fiery one”), all from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“burn; fire”). Doublet of Aetna.

der

A city in Siskiyou County, California, United States.

A town in Penobscot County, Maine, United States.


Etna

Possibly an anglicisation of Irish Eithne.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Etna.


Erebus

From Latin Erebus. Doublet of rajas.
[Alt: Mount Erebus]

A volcano in Antarctica, named after HMS Erebus.


Sinai

From Vulgate Latin Sinai, from Ancient Greek Σινάι (Sinái), from Hebrew סִינַי (Sináy).

A mountain in Sinai Peninsula; the location where Moses is said to have received the Ten Commandments from God.


Appalachians

A range of mountains in eastern North America, running northeast from Alabama in the United States to Newfoundland in Canada, variously including or excluding the Adirondack Mountains in northern New York.

جِبَال اَلْأَبَلَاش

a mountain range in eastern North America


Zagros

From Iranian Persian زاگرس (zâgros), which could be related to the name of the Sagartians, an Iranian tribe (from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎥𐎼𐎫 (Asagarta)).


Aroania

A mountain the southeastern part of the Achaia prefecture, in southwestern Greece.


Erymanthos

From Ancient Greek Ἐρύμανθος (Erúmanthos).

A mountain in the southcentral part of the Achaia prefecture in southwestern Greece

A river in the southwestern Peloponnese in southwestern Greece, it flows into the Achaia and the Ilia prefectures


San Pablo

A dormant volcano in the Antofagasta Region, Chile.


Ararat

From Latin Ararat, from Ancient Greek Ἀραράτ (Ararát), from Biblical Hebrew אֲרָרָט (ʾărārāṭ), in Genesis 8:4. Corresponds to Akkadian 𒆳𒌵 (Urarṭu, “Urartu”), the name of a land which in Classical Antiquity became known as 𐎠𐎼𐎷𐎡𐎴 (a-r-mi-i-n /Armina/) (in Behistun inscription, 6th century BC), Ἀρμενία (Armenía) (in Hecataeus of Miletus, ca. 476 BC).
The place names in modern Armenia and the given name are from Armenian Արարատ (Ararat).

We left Poland in a heavy snow and enjoyed the flight to Tehran, flying over some very interesting terrain. Although it was a clear day, we never were sure whether or not we saw Mount Ararat to the north.

2011 [1977 December 31], Jimmy Carter, White House Diary, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 156:

Mount Ararat, the tallest mountain of Turkey and of the entire Armenian Highland. In Armenian antiquity known as Masis, it became associated with the Biblical "Mountains of Ararat" (Genesis 8:4) at some point during the Middle Ages.


Mount St. Helens

Named after Alleyne FitzHerbert, 1st Baron St Helens (i.e., St Helens, Isle of Wight) by his friend, explorer George Vancouver.

named-after

Mount St. Helens is visible in the clear weather, distant seventy-five miles.

1874, John Francis Campbell, “The Terminus”, in My Circular Notes:

Bart ... was looking at Mount St. Helens. "When the mountain blew," he said later, "it felt like the end of the world."

1980, Lee Fox, “A journey from bad to worse”, in The Spokesman-Review, page V6:

mount St. Helens is about to Blow up

2018, Bill Wurtz (lyrics and music), “Mount St. Helens is about to Blow Up”:

A stratovolcano in the US state of Washington.

George Vancouver
Mount St. Helens
St Helens, Isle of Wight


Hindu Kush

Ultimately derived from Classical Persian هِنْدُوکُش (hindūkuš), the etymology of which is uncertain.
* According to Ibn Battuta and popular etymology, it is interpreted as a compound of هِنْدُو (hindū) + کُش (kuš), which would mean "Hindu-slayer".
* Some interpret it to be a corruption of هِنْدُو (hindū) + کوه (kōh), which would mean “Mountains of the Indus / of India”, related to the term Hindkowan used to describe people living near the region who speak Hindko.
Attested in English from the 18th century.

der+

A mountain range in Afghanistan and Pakistan.


Dolomites

A mountain range of the Alps in north-eastern Italy.


Sněžka

From Czech, from sníh (“snow”) + -ka (“diminutive suffix”).

suffix

The highest mountain in the Czech Republic.


Superstition Mountains

A range of mountains in Arizona, composed primarily of volcanic tuff, located to the east of the Phoenix metropolitan area.


Alander

A mountain in the south Taconic Mountains in Massachusetts.


Tatra

A mountain range on the border of Poland and Slovakia.


Macgillycuddy's Reeks

A mountain range in County Kerry, Ireland, home to Carrauntoohil.


Carrauntoohil

/ˌkæɹənˈtuːəl/

From Irish Corrán Tuathail (literally “Tuathal's sickle”).

bor

Macgillycuddy's Reeks
Macgillycuddy's Reeks#English

A mountain in Macgillycuddy's Reeks, County Kerry, and the highest peak in Ireland.


Chimborazo

An inactive volcano in central Ecuador, whose peak is the highest in the country and the furthest point from the centre of the Earth.


Lhotse

Mount Everest was only 3 or 4 miles away from us. From it to the South-east swept a huge amphitheatre of mighty peaks culminating in a new and unsurveyed peak, 28,100 feet in height, to which we gave the name of Lhotse, which in Tibetan means the South Peak.

1922, C. K. Howard-Bury, Mount Everest: The Reconnaissance, 1921, Longmans, Green and Co., →OCLC, →OL, page 116:

Steck was in the area acclimatizing ahead of a bid to climb Everest through the less-climbed West Ridge route and traverse to Lhotse, the world's fourth highest peak - at 8,516 meters (27,940 feet) in May.

2017 April 30, Gopal Sharma, “Swiss climber falls to death, preparing for Mount Everest ascent”, in Sam Holmes, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2017-04-30, World News:

On the 8516-meter-high Lhotse, the fourth highest of all mountains, the two Americans skied down the so-called “Dream Line”: from the summit through the narrow, 45 to 50 degrees steep Lhotse Couloir down to Camp 2 in the Western Qwm at 6,400 meters. “We did it,” Jim writes about a photo of his ski tips that he posted on Instagram today: “Ski tips about to make the first turn ever off the summit of Lhotse. Almost 28,000’ the summit was sugar snow and extra steep. A few careful turns and a hop got me into the couloir to complete a dream I’ve been working towards for a lifetime.”

2018 October 4, Jim Morrison, quotee, “Nelson and Morrison succeed historic ski descent from Lhotse”, in Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2020-12-02:

A Himalayan mountain on the border between Nepal and China, the fourth highest in the world.


Kangchenjunga

/ˌkʌŋt͡ʃənˈd͡ʒʌŋɡə/

From Tibetan གངས་ཆེན་མཛོད་ལྔ་ (gangs chen mdzod lnga, literally “five treasures of the high snow”).

གངས་ཆེན་མཛོད་ལྔ་

A Himalayan mountain between Nepal and India, the third highest in the world.


Makalu

In 1883 Colonel Tanner visited Falut, and found that Everest was barely visible from there, being almost shut out from view, and entirely surpassed in appearance by Makalu (height 27,790 feet), a lower though nearer peak ; it was Makalu that Schlagintweit mistook for Everest, and it was Makalu that he drew as Everest, both in his panorama of the snows from Falut, and in his picture, which is preserved at the India Office.

1904 November 10, S. G. Burrard, “Mount Everest: The Story of a Long Controversy”, in Nature, volume 71, number 1828, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 44:

Located on the border between Nepal and China, Makalu is among the highest mountains in the world and stands near the Makalu-Barun valley, a remote wilderness that has also been surveyed by researchers hunting for the Yeti.

2019 April 30, Devjyot Ghoshal, “Beast from the east: Indian soldiers reckon they've found Yeti footprints”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2019-05-01, World News:

You think a selfie from the summit of Makalu is gonna get Everest-levels of Instagram love? Of course not. Who gives a shit about Makalu? It's only the ninth tallest mountain on Earth. Or rather it would be, if it existed, which it doesn't, cause I just made it up, and none of you noticed, and that's the point. Or- it would be, if I had made it up. In fact Makalu is neither imaginary, nor the ninth tallest mountain- it's the fifth tallest and that's the point. Or rather it would be, if that were even Makalu, in fact that's the view from Mount Everest and you didn't notice cause the only thing most of us know about mountain climbing is that a bored investment banker's selfie from the summit of Everest is fire, because goals, and thus deserves some serious Insta-love and that is the point here.

2019 June 24, John Oliver, 18:15 from the start, in Everest: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, HBO:

A mountain in the Himalayas, on the border of Sankhuwasabha district, Koshi, Nepal and Tingri County, Shigatse, Tibet Autonomous Region, China; the fifth highest mountain in the world.


Eifel

Named after the Eifelgau, a Frankish gau from late antiquity. The name's meaning is disputed; see Eifel.

Eifel (a mountain range in western Germany)


Matterhorn

An iconic pyramidal mountain on the border of Switzerland and Italy.


Zugspitze

The highest mountain of Germany, located in the Alps on the border between Bavaria and Tyrol, Austria.


Mauna Loa

/ˌmɔnə ˈloʊə/

/ˌmaʊnə ˈləʊə/

Unadapted borrowing from Hawaiian Mauna Loa (literally “Long Mountain”). Doublet of Maunaloa.

ubor

A volcano in Hawaii, United States; the largest volcano in the world.


Mauna Kea

/ˌmɔnə ˈkeɪə/

Unadapted borrowing from Hawaiian Mauna Kea (literally “White Mountain”), presumably in reference to its seasonal snow cover.

A dormant volcano in Hawaii; the tallest mountain in the world from its base on the sea floor.


eight-thousander

But most readers will guffaw at the commentary from Messner's waifish young companion, Sabine Stehle ("to basecamp on three eight thousander expeditions").

1968, American Alpine Club, The American Alpine Journal:

The challenge we had set ourselves was to climb this eight-thousander as a twosome, without a large expedition, without high-altitude porters or oxygen gear...

1991, Kurt Diemberger, Audrey Salkeld, The endless knot: K2, mountain of dreams and destiny:

From then on I have been waiting for a new opportunity to enjoy them more intensively than through a view from the summit of an eight-thousander.

1998, Reinhold Messner, The Crystal Horizon:

If you judge countries purely by their mountainous terrain, Finland is a bit of a loser. Halti, Finland's tallest, is around 1,324 meters, or about 4,340 feet, making it a "one-thousander" as it is over a thousand meters above sea level. That may sound impressive, but bear in mind that the tallest peak in the United States is a six-thousander and Mount Everest is a eight-thousander.

2015 December 18, Adam Taylor, “The Norwegian plan to gift Finland a mountain”, in The Washington Post:

Any of the fourteen independent mountains on Earth, all located in Asia, that extend more than 8,000 metres (26,247 ft) above sea level.

zortzimilako

a mountain extending more than 8000 metres above sea level


Armenian Highland

A plateau in the north of Western Asia, connecting the Lesser Caucasus with the Taurus Mountains. Total area: about 400,000 km². Average elevation: 1500 to 2000 metres, highest point: Mount Ararat. The area lies mostly in eastern Turkey; also includes the whole of modern Armenia, southern Georgia, western Azerbaijan, northwestern Iran, Nakhichevan and Nagorno-Karabakh.


Apennines

A mountain range in Italy, stretching 1,200 km from the north to the south of the country, along its east coast, traversing the entire Apennine Peninsula, and often called the "spine of Italy".


Carpathians

Borrowed from Latin Carpates; compare the Germanic form attested in Old Norse Harvaðafjǫll, of which no past or present English counterpart is known (but which may have existed at some stage).
Possibly from the name of the Carpi, an ancient, probably Dacian, tribe living in the eastern Carpathian region of what is now Romania and the Moldova region. The name Carpates may ultimately be from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (compare Albanian karpë (“rock”), Aromanian shcarpã, also Proto-Slavic *skala (“rock, cliff”)), perhaps via a Dacian cognate which meant “mountain”, “rock”, or “rugged” (compare Proto-Germanic *skarpaz (whence sharp), Lithuanian kar̃pas (“cut, hack, notch”), Latvian cìrpt (“to shear, clip”)). Compare also archaic Polish karpa (“rugged irregularities, underwater obstacles/rocks, rugged roots or trunks”), Romansch crap (“stone”). Alternatively, the name may come from Proto-Indo-European *kʷerp- (“to turn”) (whence wharf and Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”)), perhaps referring to the way the mountain range bends or veers in an L-shape.
According to Eichner and Çabej, it derives from Proto-Albanian *karpātai (“mountanous place”)

der

A large mountainous system in Central Europe, mainly in Transylvania (Romania) and the Polish (Subcarpathian)-Slovak border region.


Grampians

Grampian (disambiguation)
Grampian Mountains

The Grampian Mountains, a mountain range in the Scottish Highlands.


Zhumulangma

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 珠穆朗瑪峰／珠穆朗玛峰 (Zhūmùlǎngmǎ Fēng), from Tibetan ཇོ་མོ་གླང་མ (jo mo glang ma), Chomolungma.

China’s mountains include the world’s highest peak —Zhumulangma (Mount Everest) at 29,028 feet— and the country embraces one of the world’s low points, the Turfan Depression, 426 feet below sea level.

1975, “China”, in Sunset Travel Guide to the Orient: Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, China, Menlo Park, Cali.: Lane Publishing, published 1977, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 174, column 1:

Of course, much higher mean wind speeds can be expected at the tops of the great mountains (e.g., Zhumulangma) although, unfortunately, no observational records are available.

1992, Jiacheng Zhang, Zhiguang Lin, “Wind Velocity”, in Ding Tan, transl., Climate of China, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 198:

It [China] has three terraces from the eastern coast to the Qinghai-Xizang plateau in the west, with the highest altitude of 8,848 meters at the peak of Zhumulangma (Mount Everest), the so-called “roof of the world.”

1999, Marshall R. Crosby, Moss Flora of China, volume 2, Science Press, page vii:

Geomorphologically, the SCS lies to the east of the highest peak on earth, Zhumulangma or Everest in the Himalayas (8,848 m elevation) and to the west of the deepest trench in the ocean, Philippine Trench (10,497 m water depth) (Wang P. 2004).

2009, Pingxian Wang and Qianyu Li, introduction to The South China Sea: Paleoceanography and Sedimentology, Springer, →OCLC, page 1

As part of the trio of Chinese team members who in 1960 reached the summit of Mount Everest – or “Zhumulangma”, as the characters insist it’s called because it’s “our mountain” – assault team leader Fang Wuzhou (Wu Jing) and photographer Qu Songlin (Zhang Yi) have nevertheless lived in deep regret since. The reason? They’ve brought “shame” to their country for failing to provide photographic evidence to make it a legitimate feat in the eyes of the world.

2019 October 1, Edmund Lee, “The Climbers film review: Wu Jing, Zhang Ziyi in patriotic mountaineering drama”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-10-01, Entertainment:

Synonym of Mount Everest: the Mandarin Chinese-derived name.


Liberty Cap

A celebrated granite dome in Yosemite National Park, California, United States.

A prominent peak on Mount Rainier, Washington, United States.


Parnassus

From Latin Parnāsus, from Ancient Greek Παρνασσός (Parnassós).

Go down beside thy native rill,
On thy Parnassus set thy feet,
And hear thy laurel whisper sweet
About the ledges of the hill.

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXXVII, page 57:

Phocis separates the Aonian from the Actæan region; a fruitful land while it was a land; but at that time it had become a part of the sea, and a wide plain of sudden waters. There a lofty mountain rises towards the stars, with two tops, by name Parnassus, and advances beyond the clouds with its summit.

1851, Ovid, “Book 1”, in Henry T. Riley, transl., The Metamorphoses of Ovid, volumes 1—Books I–VII, London: George Bell & Sons […] , published 1893:

A mountain in central Greece, adjacent the site of the ancient city of Delphi, that in Greek mythology was sacred to Apollo and the Corycian nymphs and was the home of the Muses.


adret

Borrowed from French adret or Occitan adret, adré, adrech, adreit (“sun-facing side of a mountain”), from Old Occitan adreg, adreit, from a (“to, towards”) (from Latin ad (“to, towards”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd (“at; to”)) + dreg, dreit (“just; right”) (from Latin dīrectus (“direct, straight”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, right oneself; just, right”)); compare French adroit.

refn

From Images de l’Himalaya [Images of the Himalayas] (Encyclopédie Alpina Illustrée [Encyclopedia Alpina Illustrated]; 2), [Paris]: [Encyclopédie Alpina Illustrée], [1935], →OCLC.

der

The distribution of barley is generally on the adret slope, the ubac seeming to be disregarded. A sunny slope is the most important natural factor in the cultivation of barley and wheat. Very rarely they are cultivated in ubac fields, but close investigation showed them to be of secondary adret nature. In this case seeds are sown a month earlier and mown ten days later than on the adret slope.

1942, Japanese Journal of Geology and Geography: Transactions, Titles and Abstracts, Tokyo: Nihon Gakujutsu Kaigi [Science Council of Japan], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 34:

Viticulure in an alpine (Savoie) or sub-alpine environment (like the Jura) is a precarious activity […] Exposure, by contrast, exaggerates or modifies the quantity of the altitudinal elements in terms of ubac (shady) versus adret (sunny) positions, wet and dry positions, or windy and protected positions, respectively. The advantages of adret slopes, which are usually drier and more protected, are evident and of paramount importance. Adret aspects receive much higher levels of direct sunlight, which produces higher soil and plant temperatures.

1987, John J. Baxevanis, “The Wines of Savoie”, in The Wines of Champagne, Burgundy, Eastern and Southern France, Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, pages 70–71:

The vegetation of the Bachelard Valley mainly consists of forests and alpine pastures. Above the tree limit, alpine pastures and bare rock outcrops dominate the landscape. The location of the tree limit depends on factors like slope aspect and lithology. On south-facing slopes (adrets) the tree limit can reach as high as 2400 m, but on the shadowy north-facing slopes it is usually near 2200 m.

1998, Harry Blijenberg, Rolling Stones?: Triggering and Frequency of Hillslope Debris Flows in the Bachelard Valley, Southern French Alps (Nederlandse Geografische Studies; 246), Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap/Faculteit Ruimtelijke Wetenschappen Universiteit Utrecht, →ISBN, page 72:

(geography) The sun-facing side of a mountain; in the northern hemisphere, especially south-facing slope.


Tian Shan

/ˌtjɛn ˈʃɑːn/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanisation of Mandarin 天山 (Tiān Shān), from Uyghur تەڭرىتاغ (tengritagh, literally “Mountains of God (Tengri)”) (Tengri Tagh).

WHEN in 1892, on a journey into Central Asia, I first made acquaintance with a small portion of the Central Tian-Shan, I received, even by a mere flying visit, abiding impressions of its magnificent mountain chains.

[1905, Gottfried Merzbacher, The Central Tian-Shan Mountains 1902-1903, London: John Murray, →OCLC, →OL, page 1:

Next they turned against Ma Chung-ying and drove him back to the T'ienshan mountains. But the Red Russian forces when pursuing him received a severe check at a well-known pass, called Tapancheng, where Ma had strongly entrenched himself with about 500 men.

[1935 March 20 [1935 March 10], “ANOTHER CHINESE LOSS IN SINKIANG”, in North-China Herald and Supreme Court & Consular Gazette, volume CXCIV, number 3528, Shanghai, sourced from Peiping, →OCLC, page 448, column 2:

Warm letters and precious gifts came pouring in to the construction site from all parts of the country. Among the gifts were saw-wort seeds gathered from the Tienshan Mountains by workers in Singkiang^([sic – meaning Sinkiang]), chingko barley from emancipated serfs in Tibet, earth from people in quake-stricken Tangshan who were rebuilding their homes, water and sand from the Taiwan Straits from P.L.A. men on the Fukien frontline, colour pebbles from Yuhuatai, Nanking, milky quartz from the Kunlun Mountains, camellias from Tali, Yunnan, azaleas from Kangting, Szechuan, earth from the Chingkang Mountains, Kiangsi, water from Nanniwan, Shensi, etc. They embodied the profound proletarian feelings of the people of all nationalities for Chairman Mao.

[1977 September, “The Chairman Mao Memorial Hall Successfully Completed”, in China Pictorial, Peking: China Pictorial, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 10:

During my inspection of counties in Changchi Prefecture last September, I came to realize that the irrigation of the Sinkiang farmland depended mainly on the melted snow of the Tienshan Mountains.

[1978 July 11 [1978 July 8], “Leading Cadres Must Accept Criticism and Supervision From the Masses”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 133, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Urumchi Sinkiang Regional Service, translation of original by Wang Feng (in Mandarin), →ISSN, →OCLC, National Affairs, page E 15:

We have descended Tian Shan and entered the Taklamakan Desert, a barren landscape painted in ecru—no shrubs, no grass, only waves upon waves of naked ridges the color of buff, the highest few spotted with white specks of snow.

2009, Y.J. Zhu, “Taklamakan Desert Moon Ride”, in Lucy McCauley, editor, The Best Women's Travel Writing 2009: True Stories from Around the World (Travelers' Tales), →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, →OL, page 154:

The excavation of the KaraDjigach site, in the Chu-Valley within the foothills of the Tian Shan mountains of Kyrgyzstan, in August 1886.

2022 June 16, Dave Kindy, “DNA evidence reveals where the Black Death began”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-17, RETROPOLIS:


Altai

From the Turkic word for "Golden Mountain". Compare Turkish altın (“gold”), dağ (“mountain”) and al (“red, colorful”) which altın is likely related to.

(with the) A mountain range in central Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan converge.


Eyjafjallajökull

Borrowed from Icelandic Eyjafjallajökull (literally “glacier of the Eyjafjöll”), where Eyjafjöll (literally “mountains of the islands”) is the name given to the southern side of the massif.

bor

A glacier and volcano in southern Iceland.


Lion's Head

A mountain in Cape Town, South Africa, between Table Mountain and Signal Hill.


Hump

The C-47s could not make it over the Hump with a full load and full tanks.

(historical, World War II, slang) The Himalayas (a mountain range in Asia), as the challenge for the supply route between India and China.


Elbrus

The word is a metathesis of Alborz, which is from Persian البرز (alborz), from Middle Persian hlbwlc (Harborz), ultimately derived from Proto-Iranian *Harā Bṛzatī, a legendary mountain in Iranian mythology (compare Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬁⸱𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬍 (harā.bər^əzaⁱtī)). *Bṛzatī is the feminine form of the adjective *br̥jáns (“high”), the reconstructed ancestor of modern Northern Kurdish berz (“high, tall”) and modern Persian برز (borz, “high, tall”). Harā may be interpreted as "watch" or "guard", from a Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (“protect”).

cog

𐬵𐬀𐬭𐬁⸱𐬠𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬍

An inactive volcano located in the western Caucasus mountain range, in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, near the border of Georgia. Elbrus's highest peak is the highest mountain in the Caucasus, and in Russia.


Poconos

Said to be from Munsee pokawachne (“creek between two hills”).

der

"Long Island's attractions will prosper because many people now won't travel to the Poconos or the Catskills," he said.

1991 May 5, Stewart Ain, “Bottom Falls Out Of Summer Job Market”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


Kazbek

A dormant volcano in the Caucasus, on the border between North Ossetia, Russia and Georgia.


Vosges

From French Vosges, from Latin Vosagō, Vosegō, Vogesus, from Vosegus, name of a Celtic god, from Proto-Celtic *uɸo- (“sub-, under”) and *segos (“force, victory”) (compare Middle Irish seg (“strength”), Welsh hŷ (“bold, brave”), and the place name Segovia).


Troödos

A mountain range in Cyprus; the principal mountain of this range.


Wasatch

Uncertain. Reportedly derived from Ute or other Numic language, but there is disagreement about the etymon.

A mountain range that forms the western edge of the Rocky Mountains


mountainet

(archaic) A relatively small mountain, or hill


Giant Mountains

A mountain range located in the north of the Czech Republic and the south-west of Poland.


Ollagüe

A town and volcano in the northern desert of Chile.


Tabor

From Biblical Hebrew תָּבוֹר (Tāḇôr), of uncertain origin.


Iztaccíhuatl

From Spanish Iztaccíhuatl, from Classical Nahuatl iztāc (“white”) + cihuātl (“woman”). The mountain's name in Classical Nahuatl was Iztāc tepētl (literally “white mountain”).

A mountain in central Mexico, the third-highest peak in Mexico.


ubac

Borrowed from Occitan ubac, from Latin opācus. Doublet of opaque.

1987, John J. Baxevanis, “The Wines of Savoie”, in The Wines of Champagne, Burgundy, Eastern and Southern France, Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, pages 70–71:

(geography) The shady side of a mountain; in the northern hemisphere, especially a north-facing slope.

obaga

a shady slope i.e. facing away from the sun


Lost River Range

A group of high mountains located in central Idaho, in northwest United States.


Blue Mountains

Ellesmere Island
Ellesmere Island#English

A small mountain range on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada.

A mountain range of rugged hills in West Otago, in southern New Zealand.

A mountain range in the western United States, located largely in northeastern Oregon and stretching into southeastern Washington.


Teide

From Spanish Teide, from Guanche [Term?].

A dormant volcano on Tenerife; the highest mountain in Spain.


Sierra Nevada

Born on Earth in 2129, Alec Ryder says his love of new frontiers was fostered by a childhood in the Sierra Nevadas.

2017, BioWare, Mass Effect: Andromeda, Redwood City: Electronic Arts, →OCLC, PC, scene: Alec Ryder Codex entry:

A mountain range in California and Nevada, United States.

A volcano in the Araucanía Region, Chile


Slieve Donard

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

A mountain in County Down, Northern Ireland, the highest peak in Northern Ireland.


Taconic

From a Lenape language.
Other early spellings include Taughkannuc.

A mountain range in New England, United States; A low mountain range in eastern New York, western Massachusetts, and southwestern Vermont.


Rhodopes

A mountain range in Southeastern Europe, with over 83% of its area in southern Bulgaria and the remainder in Greece.


Rheinwaldhorn

A mountain in Ticino canton, Switzerland


Yunling

The great Himalayan chain which forms the southern boundary of its land of origin, is intercepted on the south-east confines of Tibet by a transverse mountain system, originating with the Yunling and allied ranges, and also forming the ultra-Indian peninsulas, by which the Hoangho is forced far north, and ultimately finds its way into the Gulf of Pecheli.

1876, A. R. McMahon, The Karens of the Golden Chersonese, London: Harrison, →OCLC, pages 1–2:

We have seen that SAUNDERS in this region has three tremendous ranges, more enormous than even those of Richthofen. He even goes so far as to make Himalaya continue uninterruptedly, to the N. E., and to make the Yunling Mountains of western China practically one and the same fold as the Himalaya.

1922, Sven Hedin, Southern Tibet, volume 7, Stockholm, →OCLC, page 332:

Topographically, the province is divided roughly into two major sections with the valleyland of the Yuanjiang River and the low-lying dale east of the Yunling Range as the demarcation line: the Hengduan Mountains are to the west and the Eastern Yunnan Plateau is to the east.

1992, Shunwu Zhou, “Yunnan Province”, in China Provincial Geography [中国分省地理], Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 386:

Black and white coloring, Mohican haircut, buxom lips and cute faces wearing a human smile, Yunnan golden monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti), also known as the black/black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys, roam in the rugged Yunling Range in southwestern Yunnan Province.

2021 November 12, Xinyi Song, “Endeavoring to protect golden monkeys”, in Shanghai Daily, archived from the original on 2021-11-15:

A mountain range in Yunnan, in southern China


Anti-Taurus

a mountain range in southern and eastern Turkey, curving northeast from the Taurus Mountains


Mount of Olives

Named for the olive groves that once covered its slopes.

A mountain ridge east of and adjacent to the Old City of Jerusalem, a holy place for both Judaism and Christianity.


Longshan

From the pinyin romanization of Mandarin 隴山／陇山 (Lǒngshān).


American Cordillera

A chain of mountain ranges (cordillera) that consists of an almost continuous sequence of mountain ranges that form the western backbone of North America, Central America, South America and Antarctica.


Ore Mountains

A mountain range dividing Germany and the Czech Republic


Crimean Mountains

A mountain range running parallel to the south-east coast of Crimea.


Pindus

From Latin Pindus, from Ancient Greek Πίνδος (Píndos).

A mountain range in northern Greece, often called the "spine of Greece"


Hunsrück

A low mountain range in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany


Alishan

Alishan National Scenic Area, a mountain resort in Chiayi County, Taiwan.


Hohenzollern

/ˌhəʊənˈzɒlən/

(historical) a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings, and emperors of Brandenburg, Prussia, Germany, and Romania.


Colo

en-proper noun

Colo (countable and uncountable, plural Colos or Coloes)


Bazardüzü

a mountain peak in the Greater Caucasus range on the border between Russia and Azerbaijan


Greater Caucasus

/ˈɡɹeɪtə(ɹ)ˈkɔːkəsəs/

[ˈɡɹ̠ʷeɪ̯ɾɚ ˈkʰɔkəsəs]

the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains, which stretches for about 1,200 kilometres from west-northwest to east-southeast, between the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea.


Lesser Caucasus

the second of the two main mountain ranges of Caucasus mountains, which runs parallel to the Greater Caucasus and limits the Armenian Highland from the North and North-East.


Prokletije

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian Prokletije, Проклетије, from prȍklēt, про̏кле̄т (“accursed, bloody”) + -je, -је.

A mountain range in the Balkans that extends from northern Albania to Kosovo, eastern Montenegro, and southernmost Serbia; it comprises the southernmost part of the Dinaric Alps.


Alborz

From Persian البرز (alborz); see that entry for more. Doublet of Elbrus.

and Hyrcania could then have been annexed and associated as a separate satrapy with the Elburz peoples, all under Autophradates.

1980, A. B. Bosworth, A Historical Commentary on Arrian's History of Alexander: Commentary on books 4-5, Clarendon Press,, →ISBN, page 122:

A mountain range in northern Iran stretching from the borders of Azerbaijan and Armenia in the northwest to the southern end of the Caspian Sea, and ending in the east at the borders of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan.


Bernese Alps

A group of mountain ranges in the western part of the Alps, in Switzerland.


Abruzzi Apennines

the part of the Apennines that contain its highest peaks and most rugged terrain; located in Abruzzo, Molise (formerly part of Abruzzo) and southeastern Lazio


Longs Peak

Though a tolerably bright day, there was a slight mist, and we were just able to discern the snowy summit of “Long’s peak,” (“les deux oreilles” of the Canadians,) showing like a small cloud near the horizon.

1845, J[ohn] C[harles] Frémont, Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the Year 1842, and to Oregon and North California in the Years 1843-’44, Washington: Gales and Seaton, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 30:

A mountain in Colorado in the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains


Springbrook

City of Gold Coast
City of Gold Coast#English

A mountain, plateau, town, and locality in the City of Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.


Sakurajima

From Japanese 桜島 (sakurajima, “Cherry Island”), from 桜 (sakura, “cherry tree, cherry blossom”) + 島 (shima, “island”). From its appearance like a cherry tree in bloom, when from a volcanic eruption, hot rock rains down onto the slopes, lighting up the island volcano.

bor

(placename) A volcano in Kagoshima Bay, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan, one of the IAVCEI's 17 Decade Volcanoes.


Mount Tamalpais

From Coast Miwok támal pájiṣ, literally "west hill".


Skiddaw

A mountain in the Lake District, Cumbria, one of the tallest in England.


Alleghenies

Squatterism is as old as our country. George Washington in 1784 was making entries in his diary about his experiences with squatters on lands he owned west of the Alleghenies.

1979, W. W. Robinson, Land in California, page 111:

The Allegheny Mountains in south central Pennsylvania, western Maryland, eastern West Virginia, and western Virginia.


Whistler

en-proper noun

Whistler (countable and uncountable, plural Whistlers)

Continuing the Middle English Wistler, Wyzelere, an occupational surname from the Old English hwistlere (“piper”).

Whistler Mountain
Whistler Mountain#English

Ellipsis of Whistler Mountain. A mountain in British Columbia, Canada


Unicoi

From Cherokee ᎤᏁᎬ (unegv, “white”) + a placename suffix. Doublet of Unakas.


Laurentians

The Laurentian Mountains, a mountain range in Quebec, Canada.


sky island

A mountain habitat isolated by surrounding lowlands of a dramatically different environment.


Southern Alps

A mountain range in the South Island, New Zealand


Kebnekaise

From Swedish Kebnekaise, from Northern Sami Giebmegáisi, from giebmi (“kettle, cauldron”) + gáisi (“tall mountain”).


Paropamisus

Borrowed from Latin Paropamīsus, from Ancient Greek Παροπάμισος (Paropámisos).


Denali

Latin: denaliensis

Translingual: Cosberella denali, Erigeron denalii, Papaver denalii (syn. Papaver mcconnellii), Proclossiana aphirape denali, Symplecta denali, Tipula denali

Borrowed from Koyukon Deenaalee (“the tall one; the high one; the great one”) (/dinæli/, variously rendered Dinale or Denali), from -naał- (“be long, tall”).

bor

Mount McKinley was known to Russians as Bulshaia and to the natives of Cook Inlet as Traleyka. Both names signify 'high' or 'big mountain.' The natives of the interior know it as Denali.

1902, Dodd, Mead and Company, New International Encyclopedia:

The highest mountain peak in North America (the third most prominent peak after Mount Everest and Aconcagua), located in central Alaska.

Denali
Denali–Mount McKinley naming dispute


Beishan

Translingual: beishanensis, Beishanlong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 北山 (Běishān).

The Hohsi Corridor is long, narrow and easily passable. Over 1,000 kilometres in length, it is bordered on the south by the Chilien Mountains and on the north by the broken, slightly lower Peishan Mountains. It is penetrated by the rolling sand from Inner Mongolia. The corridor, though an arid area, is constantly watered by the melting snow and ice from the Chiliens. The irrigation system here goes back 2,000 years, when agriculture was originally developed on the oases on which most of the towns and villages have since arisen.

[1964, Yu-ti (任育地) Jen, 中国地理概述 [A Concise Geography of China], Peking: Foreign Languages Press, →OCLC, page 195:

The desert division of China is essentially composed of the Alashan Plateau (including the Beishan Mountains and the Hexi Corridor), two great inland basins (the Junggar and the Tarim) and their surrounding high mountains (mainly the Tianshan and the Altay).

1986, Zhao Songqiao (Chao Sung-chiao), Physical Geography of China, Science Press, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 170:

In the Beishan Mts., the Jinta Formation is unconformably overlain by the Fangshankou Group.

1987, Geotectonic Evolution of China, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 36:

The wall, from the Ming period, which is still intact, stretches south-westwards to the foothills of the Qilianshan and approximately northwards to the Beishan.

1993, China (Insight Guides), 2nd edition, Singapore: Houghton Mifflin Company, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 231:

China now has a centralized spent fuel facility in Lanzhou (Gansu). The current storage capacity of 550 tonnes could be doubled, but still will not be sufficient to cope with the greater volume in future. China has been considering another repository, in Beishan Mountain in Inner Mongolia.

2008 August 25, “CHINA: Nuclear expansion faces obstacles”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-03, World:


Olivet

From every house the neighbours met,
The streets were fill’d with joyful sound,
A solemn gladness even crown’d
The purple brows of Olivet.

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto XXXI, page 50:

A mountain in East Jerusalem, the Mount of Olives.


Hermon

Mount Hermon (a mountain on the border between Israel, Syria and Lebanon)


Santa Isabel

A volcano in the Tolima department, Colombia.


Coromandel

Coromandel Range
Coromandel Range#English

Coromandel Peninsula
Coromandel Peninsula#English

Ellipsis of Coromandel Range.: A mountain range in Coromandel Peninsula, North Island, New Zealand


Altiplano

From Spanish Altiplano, ultimately from Latin altus planum (“high plain”).

La Paz, Bolivia, is the largest city located in the Altiplano.


Berwyn

(in the plural) A mountain range in northeastern Wales.


Roof of the World

The various high mountainous regions in Asia, made up of the Pamirs, the Himalayas, Tibet and Mount Everest.


Pamir Mountains

A mountain range in Central Asia at the junction of the Himalayas with the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun and Hindu Kush ranges.


Nan Mountains

Partial calque from Mandarin 南嶺／南岭 (Nánlǐng).

zh-l

南嶺／南岭 (Nánlǐng)

The Nan Mountains (Nan Ling) are composed of many ranges running from north-east to south-west. These ranges form the watershed between the Yangtze to the north and the Pearl (Zhu) River to the south. The main peaks along the watershed are above 5,000 feet (1,500 metres), and some are more than 6,500 feet (2,000 metres). But a large part of the land to the south of the Nan Mountains is also hilly; flatland does not exceed 10 per cent of the total area.

2008, The Britannica Guide to Modern China, Running Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 14:

Together with the Guangxi region, Guangdong is clearly separated from the Yangtze River basin by the Nan Mountains, the southernmost of the major Chinese mountain ranges running from east to west.

2011, Kenneth Pletcher, editor, The Geography of China, Britannica Educational Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 341:

A group of mountain ranges in South China running through Guangxi, Guangdong, and Hunan.

南嶺

mountain ranges in South China running through Guangxi, Guangdong and Hunan


Qin Mountains

Partial calque from Mandarin 秦嶺／秦岭 (Qínlǐng)

秦嶺／秦岭 (Qínlǐng)

The Qin Mountains support an especially rich variety of plant and animal life. This mountain range bisects China east to west and is the watershed for the Yellow River (Huang He) to the north and the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) to the south.

1996, Liz Laider, Keith Laidler, “Eastern Plains and Yangtze Wetlands”, in China's Threatened Wildlife, Blandford, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 115:

At first glance, the residents of Dragon Range seem unlikely victims of industrial pollution. Here in the Qin Mountains, about 600 miles southwest of Beijing, people cultivate lush fields of corn and wheat carved into the mountainside like stairs.

2001 November 5, Philip P. Pan, “Cancer-Stricken Chinese Village Tries to Pierce a Wall of Silence”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-20:

To determine which cities qualified for free heating, planners employed the traditional division between northern and southern China that runs along the line of the Qin Mountains and Huai River.
The Huai-Qinling line is an arbitrary boundary dating to imperial times, though it corresponds roughly to the 33rd parallel of latitude and the zero degrees Celsius isotherm in January.

2014 May 21, John Kemp, “COLUMN-For polluted China, gas is a matter of life or death: Kemp”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2014-05-21, Energy:

A major east-west mountain range in southern Shaanxi province, China.


oronymy

en-noun

oronymy (countable and uncountable, plural oronymies)

The specific features of the Rockies oronymy are: a) the relatively young age of the oronyms, b) the prevalence of the transferred geographical names, c) the scarcity of the (printed) documentation, and finally d) the varied lexical inventory of specific names derived from mountain terminology as compared to other regions of Canada.

1969, Proceedings and Transactions: Actes Et Mémoires, page 122:

The counterpart to hydronymy is oronymy, that is, the names of all "uplift" features, such as mountains, hills, capes, promontories, and rocks. Broadly interpreted, hydronymy and oronymy may be made to include almost all feature-names.

1975, George Rippey Stewart, Names on the globe, page 13:

An ancient survival in Turkish oronymy is quite possible, but I have not found Nihan Dag on the relevant sheets of the 1 :200,000 map of Turkey, which are very detailed in matters of oronymy;

1992, Gordon Douglas Young, Mari in retrospect: fifty years of Mari and Mari studies, page 13:

The structure of oronymies of the west-Slavonic region was suitably supplemented by I. Bihy (Germany) with his paper Zur Namentypologie in ehemaligen altsorbischen Sprachgebiet

1992, Slovak Review - Volumes 1-2, page 194:

The nomenclature of mountains, hills and other geographic rises.


Nanga Parbat

bor

Urdu نانگا پربت

A mountain in the Himalayas, the ninth highest mountain in the world.


Langshan

A mountain range in Inner Mongolia, China.


Mount Athos

A mountain and peninsula in northeastern Greece which is an important centre of Greek Orthodox monasticism.


Everester

/ˈɛvəɹɪstəɹ/

The book opens on a happy note. Sir Francis Younghusband, doyen of Everesters, says in his Foreword "Everest is the symbol of the loftiest spiritual height of Man's imagination," a view with which no mountaineer will quarrel since it is the very essence of his creed.

1935, Ladies’ Alpine Club, London: Ladies' Alpine Club, →OCLC, page 50:

The Snowman definitely exists. The British mountaineers have photographed and measured its tracks. The first European to report the mysterious tracks was the first Everester of them all, Lt. Col. C[harles] K[enneth] Howard-Bury. He startled British scientists in 1921 with the news that his expedition had discovered at 21,000 feet "the track of what was probably a large, loping gray wolf, which had tracks very like those of a barefooted man."

1952 December, Gardner Soule, “Footprints: They Belong to the Abominable Snowman, which may be Monkey, Bear—or Cave Man. New Everest Expedition Hopes to Find Out.”, in Volta Torrey, editor, Popular Science, volume 161, number 6, New York, N.Y.: Popular Science Publishing Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 134:

[page 73] When a mountaineer finds a route he can climb, he says it will "go," and he says he can "go." As the Americans this month try to go up K-2, they will face […] [page 206] obstacles that caused Eric Shipton, today's great British Everester, to say that K-2 demands better mountaineering "than at present exists."

1953 July, Gardner Soule, “Young Doctor Tackles ‘The Unclimbable Peak’: New Englander Leads Team of Americans against Perils of Second-highest Mountain”, in Volta Torrey, editor, Popular Science, volume 163, number 1, New York, N.Y.: Popular Science Publishing Co., →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 73 and 206:

The only photograph we possessed of the slopes leading to the South Col was a rather unsatisfactory aerial one. It made the upper slopes look impossibly steep. We called it our 'horror photograph', and it was produced whenever one of the party became too optimistic. After perusing it for a while, even the most enthusiastic Everester tended to develop the attitude of: 'Let's go and find we can't climb it! Then we can go away and get down to some really enjoyable exploration!'

1955, Edmund Hillary, “To Everest, 1951”, in High Adventure, London: Hodder & Stoughton, →OCLC; republished as High Adventure: The 50th Anniversary of the Historic Climb, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, →ISBN, page 29:

So it was that the myth was born of the Everesters, those lithe and romantic young Englishmen with their Chamonix caps, thick tweed coats and stout walking boots, who pitted their wits and their character against Chomolungma, the Goddess Mother of the World.

1994, Patrick French, “Running the Jog and Climbing Mount Everest”, in Younghusband: The Last Great Imperial Adventurer, London: HarperCollins, →ISBN:

On May 10 [1993], Santosh Yadav became the first woman to climb the Everest for the second time. […] The expedition was led by Bachendri Pal, India's first woman Everester.

1996, Dilaram Shabab, “The Changing Profile”, in Kullu: Himalayan Abode of the Divine, New Delhi: M. L. Gidwani, Indus Publishing Company, published 1999 printing, →ISBN, page 57:

(cycling) One who takes part in Everesting.


Heiligenberg

A mountain in the Odenwald, near Heidelberg, Germany.

A mountain in the municipality of Hochspeyer, Kaiserslauten district, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.

A mountain in the municipality of Seeheim-Jugenheim, Darmstadt-Dieburg district, Hesse, Germany.


Drum

en-proper noun

Drum (countable and uncountable, plural Drums)

* As an Irish surname, from Droma, a personal name from druim (“ridge”)
* As a Scottish Gaelic surname, from druim (“ridge”)
* As a German surname, from Middle High German trum and Middle Low German drum (“woodblock”), both probably from Proto-Germanic *trumaz.

Drum (disambiguation)#Places
Drum (surname)

A mountain in Conwy county borough, Wales (OS grid ref SH7069).


Mount Carmel

From Hebrew כַּרְמֶל (karmél, literally “vineyard of God”).

der

A mountain range in Israel, along the Mediterranean coast.


Beskids

See Polish Beskidy. According to Albanologists Orel and Çabej, it is possibly derived from Proto-Albanian *beškāi tāi (“the mountain pastures”); compare modern Albanian bjeshkët, plural of bjeshkë.

A mountain range in Central Europe, running from Czech Republic to Ukraine along the Polish-Slovakia border, with its highest peak Hoverla at 2061 meters.


Victory

en-proper noun

Victory (countable and uncountable, plural Victorys or Victories)

A volcano in Papua New Guinea, also known as Mount Victory.


Lytton

Lytton (countable and uncountable, plural Lyttons)

Cascade Mountains
Cascade Mountains#English

A mountain in the Cascade Mountains, British Columbia, Canada; the northernmost mountain in the Cascade Mountains.


Sugarloaf Mountain

Calque of Portuguese Pão de Açúcar (“sugar-loaf”), named after its shape.

calque

A rocky peak in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; height: 396 m.

بَائُو دِي أَكُوكَار

bāʔū dī ʔakūkār


Iron Mountain

The name given to a number of mountains in the United States.


Battle Mountain

census-designated place
census-designated place

A census-designated place, the county seat of Lander County, Nevada, United States, adjacent to the Battle Mountains.


Cynthus

From Latin Cynthus, from Ancient Greek Κύνθος (Kúnthos).

A mountain of Delos, famous in Greek mythology as the birthplace of Apollo and Artemis


Mount Tai

Partial calque of Mandarin 泰山 (Tàishān).

He dedicated Mount Tai to the worship of the genii, and raised a sacred mound at the foot of the mountain.

1879, Robert K. Douglas, Confucianism and Taouism, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, →OCLC, →OL, page 240:

Mount T’ai bestrides the Ch’i and Lu districts [of' Shantung], while its most remarkable scenery is at Lung-yen.

[1985, Early Chinese Texts on Painting, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 182:

Mount Tai, in the eastern province of Shandong, represents longevity in Chinese tradition.

2016 February 15, Didi Kirsten Tatlow, “China’s Legal Professionals, Under Limits at Home, Note Scalia’s Death”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-02-15, Asia Pacific:

A mountain in Taishan district, Tai'an, Shandong, China.


Brandreth

A fell in the Lake District, Cumbria, England


Amanus

From Latin Amānus, from Ancient Greek Ἄμανος (Ámanos).

a mountain range dividing the coastal region of Cilicia from inland Syria


Unakas

Plural of Unaka, from Cherokee ᎤᏁᎬ (unegv, “white”). Doublet of Unicoi.

A mountain range in the southern Appalachians, on the border between Tennessee and North Carolina; since 1932 defined as the northern segment (north of the Little Tennessee River) of a range the southern segment of which is known as the Unicois (historically the two names sometimes interchangeably designated the whole range).


Tongariro

A volcano in the centre of the North Island of New Zealand.

A river in the North Island, New Zealand, which flows into Lake Taupo.


Taygetos

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ταΰγετον (Taǘgeton).

bor+

A mountain range in the prefectures of Laconia, Messenia and Arcadia on the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece.


Cantabrian Mountains

A mountain range in northern Spain, stretching from the Pyrenees to the Galician Massif


Picos de Europa

Cantabrian Mountains
Cantabrian Mountains

A mountain range in northern Spain, part of the Cantabrian Mountains


Mount Sharp

From mount + Sharp. Named in honour of U.S. geologist Robert P. Sharp.


Kailash

Is that some kind of writing?
Yeah, it's Sanskrit. It's part of the legend of Sankara. He climbs Mount Kailash where he meets Shiva, the Hindu god.

1984, 34:10 from the start, in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom^(https://archive.org/details/movie-hollywood-720p-sub-indonesia_202209/Indiana+Jones+And+The+Temple+Of+Doom+(1984)+BR/Indiana+Jones+And+The+Temple+Of+Doom.mp4) (Action-Adventure), →OCLC:

Her head is reborn as Shiva on Mount Kailash, and her trunk as Gaura Devi in Rishasau.

1991, William S. Sax, Mountain Goddess: Gender and Politics in a Himalayan Pilgrimage, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 28:

We had our reward for our high camp and early start, for the sky was still clear, the view magnificent, with fresh vistas to the north of mountains in Tibet, of Gurla Mandhata, massive, majestic to the northeast, and further to the north, a distant pyramid, Kailash, most holy of all mountains in both Hindu and Buddhist mythology.

1999, Harish Kapadia, “Ascents in the Panch Chuli Group”, in Across Peaks & Passes in Kumaun Himalaya, New Delhi: Indus Publishing Company, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 136:

We first went to the Kailash area during my year of dissertation research in India, spending six idyllic months in the Himalayas in the exquisite hill town of Almora on the ancient route of pilgrimage to the mountain.

1999, Robert Thurman, Tad Wise, Circling the Sacred Mountain: a Spiritual Adventure through the Himalayas, Bantam Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 4:

Tibet Autonomous Region
Tibet Autonomous Region

A mountain of the Transhimalaya in the Tibet Autonomous Region, China, considered to be sacred in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Bön.


Transhimalaya

Ever upward! We ascended a new mighty chain of mountains. At Camp Number 115 we were 16,840 feet above sea level. This mountain system traverses Tibet from the west to the east and is parallel with Himalaya. I have named it Transhimalaya and it was my aim to ride across this chain at several points and to draw its main outlines on my maps.[...]A heavy march over screes and gravel led us up on the pass, Ta-la at a height of 17,830 feet. A magnificent, over- powering panorama unfolded to the southeast. Beyond the nearest branches of Transhimalaya an enormous abyss opened in the earth. It was the valley of the Tsangpo, upper Brahmaputra.

1934, Sven Hedin, A Conquest of Tibet, New York: National Travel Club, →OCLC, pages 239–240:

To the N we find the wide, complicated «basin» of Tethyan sediments, between the northern Bhutan antiform of the crystalline thrust sheet and the con- spicuous Suture Zone along the Tsangpo river. The latter is bordered to the N by the granitoids of the Transhimalaya (Kangdese belt of the Chinese authors).

1983, Augusto Gansser, Geology of the Bhutan Himalaya, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 165:

This valley follows the famous Indus-Yarlung suture zone, with the granite of the Transhimalayas visible to the north.

[1987, Blanche Christine Olschak, Himalayas: Growing Mountains, Living Myths, Migrating Peoples, Facts on File, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 81:

Subduction of Tethyan oceanic crust along the southern margin of Tibet formed an Andean-style arc represented by the Transhimalaya batholith that extends west into the Kohistan island arc sequence, in a manner similar to the Alaskan range—Aleutians of western North America.

2010, Timothy Kusky, Encyclopedia of Earth and Space Science, volume I, Facts on File, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 55:

Across the Transhimalaya, wherever villagers discard carcasses and military camps dispose of their excess food, dog numbers are on the increase. The animals harass other species, from snow leopards to foxes. Ironically, they inherited their ability to survive in these oxygen-poor elevations from their wild cousins with whom their ancient ancestors interbred.

2021 May 29, Janaki Lenin, “Tales from the Transhimalaya”, in The Hindu, archived from the original on 2021-05-29:

A mountain range on the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, parallel to the main Himalayan range.


Cascade Range

A mountain range in western North America.


Mount Olivet

A mountain in East Jerusalem, the Mount of Olives.


Fansipan

A mountain in northwestern Vietnam with an elevation of 3,143 metres; the highest mountain in the Indochinese Peninsula.


Khan Tengri

Borrowed from Russian Хан-Те́нгри (Xan-Téngri).

A mountain of the Tian Shan mountain range in Inner and Central Asia.


Sagarmatha

An official name for Mount Everest in Nepal.


Huangshan

Latin: huangshanensis

There are peaks in Huangshan or the Yellow Mountains which are formed by single pieces of granite a thousand feet high from their visible base on the ground to their tops, and half a mile long. These are what inspire the Chinese artists, and their silence, their rugged enormity and their apparent eternity account partly for the Chinese love of rocks in pictures. It is hard to believe that there are such enormous rocks until one visits Huangshan, and there was a Huangshan School of painters in the seventeenth century, deriving their inspiration from these silent peaks of granite.

1938, Lin Yutang, The Importance of Living, William Heinemann, Ltd., →OCLC, page 304:


Sierra Negra

From Spanish Sierra Negra (lit. Black Mountain).

A mountain and extinct volcano in Puebla, Mexico.

A shield volcano; A mountain in Galapagos Province, Ecuador.


Mount Diablo

Contra Costa County
Contra Costa County#English

A mountain in Contra Costa County, California.


Hualalai

From Hawaiian Hualālai, from ka (“the”) + hua (“fruit, seed”) + a variant of laʻi (“calm”), the name of one of the volcano's craters.


Kohala

From Hawaiian Kohala, of uncertain meaning. Sometimes mistakenly derived from kohola (“whale”), which are plentiful in the area.


Haleakala

From Hawaiian Haleakalā, from hale (“house”) + a (“of”) + ka (“the”)+ lā (“sun”).

A large shield volcano in eastern Maui, Hawaii, USA.


Kilauea

From Hawaiian Kīlauea, from kī (intensifying prefix) + lau (“many, much”) + ea (“to rise, go up, expand”).

Hawaiian Islands
Hawaiian Islands#English

An active volcano in Hawaii Island, (Big Island, Island of Hawaii) Hawaiian Islands, Pacific, Hawaii, United States


Andes Mountains

Compound of Andes + Mountains, Andes from Spanish Andes, perhaps from Quechua andi (“high crest”).

Holonym: American Cordillera

One of the world's major mountain ranges stretching along the western end of South America from Colombia to the southern tip of Chile.


Anti-Lebanon

A mountain range that forms most of the border between Syria and Lebanon.


Santa Monica Mountains

en-proper noun

the Santa Monica Mountains pl (plural only)

the Santa Monica Mountains (canonical plural)

Los Angeles County
Los Angeles County#English

A mountain range in Los Angeles County and Ventura County, California, United States


Ben Lomond

A mountain in Stirling council area, Scotland, on the east side of Loch Lomond (OS grid ref NN3602).


San Gabriel Mountains

San Bernardino County
San Bernardino County#English

A mountain range in Los Angeles County and San Bernardino County, California, United States, northeast of the city of Los Angeles.


Stalin Peak

(historical) Ismoil Somoni Peak, the highest peak in Tajikistan


Mount Mayon

From Bikol Central magayon (“beautiful”).

The most active volcano in the Philippines, located in Albay province and known for its almost perfect cone shape.

بركان مايون

the most active volcano in the Philippines


Mount Victoria

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English

A number of mountains and hills around the world, including in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines.


Thabor

From Koine Greek Θαβώρ (Thabṓr), the name of the mountain in Israel in the Septuagint, rendering Biblical Hebrew תָּבוֹר (Tāḇôr), of uncertain origin.


Kunlun

Kunlun
Kunlun (mythology)#Name
Wikipedia
Zhengzhang Shangfang

From the Mandarin 崑崙／昆仑 (Kūnlún) and 崑崙山／昆仑山 (Kūnlún Shān), with the character 山 (shān) being an ambiguous reference to any raised place, inclusive of islands, hills, mountains, and mountain ranges. The characters 崑崙／昆仑 (Kūnlún) are phono-semantic compounds adding 山 (shān) as a semantic component (形旁 (xíngpáng)) to the characters 昆 (kūn) and 侖／仑 (lún), which were presumably also homophones for Kunlun in Old Chinese—Zhengzhang's reconstructed pronunciation being /*kuːn.run/—but leaving its further development or original meaning uncertain. See also the Name section of the Wikipedia entry on the mythological Kunlun.

zh-l

崑崙山／昆仑山 (Kūnlún Shān)

崑崙

Mythological Chinese mountain or mountain range

...the Yellow Riuer... is the other famous Riuer of that Kingdome, in greatneſſe and note, which ariſesth without the Kingdome to the Weſt, out of the Hill Cunlun, conjectured to bee the ſame whence Ganges ariſeth, or one neere to it.

1625, Samuel Purchas, Pvrchas His Pilgrimes, volume III, London, →OCLC, page 340:

(Chinese mythology) A mountain or mountain range somewhere west of the North China Plain believed to be the home of Xiwangmu and the Peaches of Immortality, as well as other gods and Taoist immortals, and previously believed to help support the dome of the sky.


Grand Teton

Possibly from French grand + French téton, or possibly after the Teton Sioux tribe.

The highest mountain in the Teton Range in Teton County, Wyoming.


Eiger

It is this stretch which provides what is perhaps the most staggering scenic prospect of all; the impression made on the mind by the overwhelming height of the Eiger, towering over the train, is almost impossible to describe.

1960 December, Voyageur, “The Mountain Railways of the Bernese Oberland”, in Trains Illustrated, page 754:

A mountain in the Bernese Alps, Switzerland.


Le Tache

A mountain in Chablais Alps, Valais canton, Switzerland


Pelion

A mountain in Thessaly, northern Greece, forming a peninsula between the Pagasetic Gulf and the Aegean Sea.


Swartberg

A mountain range in Western Cape, South Africa


Tehachapi

From Kawaiisu tihačipía, from tihaa (“hard”) + čipii- (“to climb”).

A mountain range in California, United States, separating the Central Valley from the Mojave Desert, part of the Transverse Ranges.


Klyuchevskaya Sopka

Transliteration of Russian Ключевска́я Со́пка (Ključevskája Sópka).

translit

Ключевска́я Со́пка

A volcano in Kamchatka Krai, Russia and the highest point on the Kamchatka Peninsula.


Stone Mountain

Jefferson Davis
Robert E. Lee
Stonewall Jackson
en:Stone Mountain (disambiguation)

A mountain in Appalachians, DeKalb County, Georgia, United States, a quartz monzonite dome monadnock former pluton igneous intrusion, containing the world's largest bas relief, of three Confederate leaders on horseback.

Descartes Highlands
Descartes Highlands#English


Mokanshan

On June 4 we once more left Kinhwa, taking the boat for Hangchow. There was a good-sized party of us, and we were en route for Mokanshan, to escape the heat, of which we had already had a sample.

1919, Alice Pickford Brockway, Letters from the Far East, Judson Press, →OCLC, →OL, page 67:


Mount Mogan

Partial calque from Mandarin 莫干山 (Mògān Shān).

FOLLOWING in the footsteps of foreign missionaries, Chinese gangsters and Chiang Kai-shek, I traveled to the mountain outpost of Moganshan looking for a breather from full-throttle Shanghai.

[2012 April 12, Justin Bergman, “A Lofty Retreat From Sweltering Shanghai”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2012-04-17, Travel:

A mountain in Deqing, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China


Mount Putuo

Partial calque of Mandarin 普陀山 (Pǔtuó Shān).

partial calque

Mount Wutai is really a cluster of five huge summits ranging in altitude up to 10,000 feet that is breached only by a few dirt roads twisting over the windswept passes of northern Shanxi. It is the most revered of the four mountains sacred to Chinese Buddhists, more than Mount Emei in Sichuan, Mount Putuo in Zhejiang or Mount Jihua in Anhui.

1984 October 16, Christopher S. Wren, “TO BE LEFT ALONE, CHINA'S BUDDISTS OPEN A DOOR”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, World:

An island in Putuo district, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China