centavo

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe

(historical) The former subdenomination of some other currencies (in Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Portugal, Puerto Rico, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Venezuela).


Brazil

From Portuguese Brazil, older spelling of Brasil, from brasil (“brazilwood”), originally ‘red like an ember’, from brasa (“ember”), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brasō (“gleed, crackling coal”), and -il (“-ile, -like, -y”) from Latin -īlis (“adjective suffix”).

der

Federative Republic of Brazil
Federative Republic of Brazil#English

A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America. Official name: Federative Republic of Brazil. Capital: Brasília.


Brazilian

A person from Brazil or of Brazilian descent.


Brazilian

Of, from, or pertaining to Brazil, or the Brazilian people.


Maranhão

Northeast Region
Northeast Region#English

A state of the Northeast Region, Brazil. Capital: São Luís

Acre · Alagoas · Amapá · Amazonas · Bahia · Ceará · Espírito Santo · Goias · Maranhão · Mato Grosso · Mato Grosso do Sul · Minas Gerais · Pará · Paraíba · Paraná · Pernambuco · Piauí · Rio de Janeiro · Rio Grande do Norte · Rio Grande do Sul · Rondônia · Roraima · Santa Catarina · São Paulo · Sergipe · Tocantins


Pará

Borrowed from Portuguese Pará, from Old Tupi pará (“sea”).

A state of the North Region, Brazil. Capital: Belém


Rio Grande do Norte

/ˈɹiːəʊ ˈɡɹɑːndi dəʊ ˈnɔː(ɹ)ti/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-Rio Grande do Norte.wav

from Portuguese, lit. "Great Northern River", in reference to the mouth of the Potenji River

A state of the Northeast Region, Brazil. Capital: Natal


Paraíba

/pɑːɹaɪˈiːbə/

From Portuguese Paraíba, from Old Tupi pa'ra a'íba (“bad for navigation”).

A state of the Northeast Region, Brazil. Capital: João Pessoa


Rondônia

/ɹɒnˈdəʊnɪə/

From Portuguese Rondônia. Named after Cândido Rondon.

A state of the North Region, Brazil. Capital: Porto Velho


Mato Grosso

Center-West Region
Center-West Region#English

A state of the Center-West Region, Brazil. Capital: Cuiabá


Alagoas

/ˌæləˈɡəʊəs/

/ˌɑːləˈɡəʊəs/

/ˌɑːlɑːˈɡəʊɑːs/

A state of the Northeast Region, Brazil. Capital: Maceió


Bahia

From Portuguese Bahia, from bahia, an obsolete spelling of baía (“bay”). Doublet of Bay.

A state of the Northeast Region, Brazil. Capital: Salvador


Amapá

/ˌɑː.məˈpɑː/

/ˈɑː.mə.pɑː/

From Brazilian Portuguese Amapá, of uncertain indigenous origin.

A state of the North Region, Brazil. Capital: Macapá


Piauí

From Brazilian Portuguese Piauí, from Old Tupi.

A state of the Northeast Region, Brazil. Capital: Teresina


Mato Grosso do Sul

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-Mato Grosso do Sul.wav

From Portuguese, literally meaning "Thick Forest of the South".

A state of the Center-West Region, Brazil. Capital: Campo Grande

مَاتُو غْرُوسُو دُو سُولْ

mātū ḡrūsū dū sūl


Tocantins

From Portuguese Tocantins, from Old Tupi tukã (“Toucan”) + tĩ (“beak”).

A state of the North Region, Brazil. Capital: Palmas


Ceará

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese Ceará.

bor+

A state of the Northeast Region, Brazil. Capital: Fortaleza


Goiás

Unadapted borrowing from Portuguese Goiás, from earlier Goyaz of uncertain origin.

unadapted borrowing

Alternative form of Goias, a state of Brazil.


Minas Gerais

Southeast Region
Southeast Region#English

A state of the Southeast Region, Brazil. Capital: Belo Horizonte


Roraima

From Portuguese Roraima, from Pemon Roroimü, from rora (“green, blue, grue”) + -imü (augmentative suffix).

A state of the North Region, Brazil. Capital: Boa Vista


Santa Catarina

Borrowed from Portuguese Santa Catarina, referring to Catherine of Alexandria.

A state of the South Region, Brazil. Capital: Florianópolis


Rio Grande do Sul

From Portuguese Rio Grande do Sul (literally “Great River of the South”). Rio Grande (“Great River”) is an old name for the Lagoa dos Patos lagoon, and the southern attribution contrasts with Rio Grande do Norte.

bor

A state of the South Region, Brazil. Capital: Porto Alegre


Sergipe

From Brazilian Portuguese Sergipe, from an Old Tupi term meaning "river of the crab".

A state of the Northeast Region, Brazil. Capital: Aracaju


Espírito Santo

From Portuguese Espírito Santo (literally “Holy Ghost”).

A state of the Southeast Region, Brazil. Capital: Vitória


Pernambuco

A state of the Northeast Region, Brazil. Capital: Recife


Amazonas

Borrowed from Portuguese Amazonas and Spanish Amazonas, related to English Amazon.

A state of the North Region, Brazil. Capital: Manaus


São Paulo

Saint Paul
São Paulo
São Paulo (state)
Tietê River

From Portuguese, named after Saint Paul. Doublet of Saint Paul. The city was originally named "São Paulo dos Campos de Piratininga" meaning "Saint Paul of the fields of Piratininga". "Piratininga" comes from Old Tupi pirá (“fish”) and Old Tupi tininga (“to dry”) meaning "dried fish", after the fish that would be stranded on the shore of the Tietê River after a flood and left to dry out.

A state of the Southeast Region, Brazil. Capital: São Paulo.

A municipality, the state capital of São Paulo, Brazil.


Rio de Janeiro

/ˈɹiːəʊ dɪ ʒəˈnɪəɹəʊ/

/ˈɹiːəʊ de ʒəˈneəɹəʊ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-Rio de Janeiro.wav

From Brazilian Portuguese Rio de Janeiro (literally “River of January”).

A state of the Southeast Region, Brazil. Capital: Rio de Janeiro.

A municipality, the state capital of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; former capital of Brazil.


Paraná

/ˌpæ.ɹəˈnɑː/

From Spanish Paraná or Portuguese Paraná, both from Old Tupi paranã (“river”).

A state of the South Region, Brazil. Capital: Curitiba.


Fortaleza

A municipality, the state capital of Ceará, Brazil.


Goiânia

A municipality, the state capital of Goiás, Brazil.


Manaus

After the Manáo, a native Lokono tribe of the Amazon. Manáo is said to mean mother of the gods.

A municipality, the state capital of Amazonas, Brazil.


Recife

The veranda was shaded by the roof, and from the shade you could see [...] the skyscrapers and the tower blocks of the city of Recife.

2022, Yara Rodrigues Fowler, there are more things, Abacus (2023), pages 229-230:

A municipality, the state capital of Pernambuco, Brazil.


Porto Alegre

Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul#English

A municipality, the state capital of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

पोर्तू आलेग्री

Brazilian state capital of Rio Grande do Sul


Belo Horizonte

From Portuguese Belo Horizonte (“Beautiful Horizon”).

A municipality, the state capital of Minas Gerais, Brazil.


Curitiba

A municipality, the state capital of Paraná, Brazil.


Belém

A municipality, the state capital of Pará, Brazil.


Salvador

From Spanish and Portuguese Salvador, chiefly various placenames honoring Jesus Christ, from Spanish and Portuguese salvador (“savior”), from Latin salvator, from salvāre (“to save”) + -tor (forming agent nouns). In Spanish placenames, frequently a clipping of Spanish San Salvador (“Holy Savior”). Doublet of savior, Salvator, and Salvatore.

doublet

A municipality, the state capital of Bahia, Brazil.


real

From Portuguese real (“royal”), from Latin rēgālis (“regal; royal”). Doublet of ariary, regal, riyal, and royal.

Meronym: centavo

Within weeks of this bombshell, an aide to the brother of the chairman of the PT, José Genoino, was arrested boarding a flight with 200,000 reais in a suitcase and $100,000 in his underpants.

2011, Perry Anderson, “Lula's Brazil”, in London Review of Books, 33.VII:

(uncountable) A unit of currency used in Brazil since 1994. Symbol: R$.

real

a unit of currency formerly used in Portugal and Brazil


libra

libras (plural)
librae (plural)
contexts (Roman)

From Latin lībra (“pound”), partially via Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese libra. Doublet of lira, livre, libbre, liter, rottol, and arratel.

Ancient Roman units of measurement#Weight

pound

Portuguese contexts, but more often used for the arratel

(historical) A Roman unit of mass, usually equivalent to 327 g.


dedo

From Spanish and Portuguese dedo (“digit, finger”), from Old Spanish and Old Galician-Portuguese dedo, from Latin digitus, from Proto-Indo-European *deyǵ- (“to show, to point out”).

der

(historical) A traditional short Portuguese unit of length, usually about equal to 1.8 cm.


vara

Borrowed from Spanish and Portuguese vara (“rod”), from Latin vāra (“fork”).

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of length, equivalent to about 1.1 m.


quilate

From Spanish and Portuguese quilate, from Arabic قِيرَاط (qīrāṭ, “carat”), from Ancient Greek κεράτιον (kerátion, “hornlet, carob seed”). Doublet of carat, karat, and ceratium.

(historical) Synonym of carat in historical Iberian contexts.


quintal

Late Middle English, from Anglo-Norman quintal, from Middle French quintal, from Old French and Medieval Latin quintale and quintallus (“various medieval hundredweights”), from Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār, “100 rottols”), from Classical Syriac ܩܰܢܛܺܝܪܳܐ (qanṭīrā) and ܩܰܢܛܺܝܢܳܪܳܐ (qanṭīnārā), from Byzantine Greek κεντηνάριον (kentēnárion), from Latin centēnārium (“100 Roman pounds”), from the neuter of centēnārius (“having 100 things”). Use for various non-English units, borrowed from French quintal, Spanish quintal, Portuguese quintal, etc. The apparent relation to quint- (“five, fivefold”) and -al (forming adjectives) is accidental, although it possibly influenced the eventual spelling of the term. Doublet of centenary and kantar.

In one import license alone, the merchant in question was instructed to bring in 13,000 quintals of alum, which, snapped up by industries in England and the Low Countries, would yield the king a cool £8,666 13s 4d.

2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin, published 2012, page 204:

(historical) Synonym of hundredweight, 100 or 112 English or American pounds.


Acre

From Portuguese Acre, of uncertain origin.

A state of the North Region, Brazil. Capital: Rio Branco


Brazilian Portuguese

The Portuguese language as spoken and written in Brazil, particularly when it differs from other regional varieties of that language.


marco

From Portuguese and Spanish marco, from Medieval Latin marcus, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *mark, from Proto-Germanic *marką (“mark, sign”), from Proto-Indo-European *marǵ- (“land boundary”). Compare Middle High German marc (“half-pound”), which likely influenced the Romance development. See also Old English marc, Old Norse mǫrk.

(historical) A traditional Spanish and Portuguese unit of mass, usually equivalent to 230 g and particularly used for trade in gold and silver.


quarta

From Portuguese quarta, from Latin quartus (“fourth”), q.v., in reference to the units making up one-fourth of the alqueire (“Portuguese bushel”) or arrantel (“Portuguese pound”). Doublet of quart, quater, and cuaderon.

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of dry measure, equal to 3.2–4.8 L in different 19th-century contexts.

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of mass, usually equivalent to 115 g.


arroba

From Spanish and Portuguese arroba, from Old Spanish arroua and Old Galician-Portuguese arrova, from Andalusian Arabic and Arabic اَلرُّبْع (ar-rubʕ, “one-fourth”) in reference to its making up one fourth of a quintal.

(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of mass, varying by time, location, and substance but generally around 11.5 kilograms.

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of mass, usually equivalent to 14.7 kilograms.

arroba

traditional Spanish and Portuguese unit of mass

(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of liquid measure, varying by time, location, and substance but generally around 15 liters.


cruzado

From Portuguese cruzado. Doublet of cruciate.

The monetary unit of Brazil from 1986 to 1990.

крузадо

the monetary unit of Brazil from 1986 to 1990


cruzeiro

From Portuguese cruzeiro (literally “Southern Cross”).

bor

The currency of Brazil from 1942 to 1986 and 1990 to 1993.


Brasília

Distrito Federal
Distrito Federal#English

A municipality, the capital city of Brazil; state capital of Distrito Federal, Brazil.


palmo

From Spanish and Portuguese palmo (“handspan”), from Latin palmus. Doublet of palm, palma, and pam.

(historical, measure) A traditional Portuguese unit of length, usually equivalent to about 22 cm.


pampas

From (plural of) American Spanish pampa, from Quechua pampa (“land, ground”).

The extensive plains of South America south of the Amazon.


grao

From Portuguese grão (“grain”), from Old Galician-Portuguese grão, from Latin grānum. Doublet of corn, grain, gram, and granum.

doublet

(historical) A traditional short Portuguese unit of length, equivalent to about 4.6 mm.

(historical) A traditional short Portuguese unit of mass, equivalent to about 50 mg.


legua

From Spanish legua (“Spanish league”) and Portuguese légua (“Portuguese league”), from Late Latin leuga and leuca (“Gaulish league, distance of one hour's walking”), from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *lougā.

(historical) Portuguese league, a traditional Portuguese unit of distance, variously reckoned as 4444.4, 5555.6, or 6172.8 m.


estadio

From Portuguese estádio, from Latin stadium (“stadium, Roman stade”), from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion, “stadium for footraces, stadion”). Doublet of stade, stadium, and stadion.

der

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of distance, variously equivalent to about 185.2, 231.5, or 257.2 m depending on the number of leagues per equatorial degree.


tonelada

From Portuguese and Spanish tonelada, from tonel (“tun”) + -ada (“-ful”), from Old French tonel (“little tun, cask”), from tone + -el (“-elle: forming diminutives”), from Late Latin tunna (“tun”), from Proto-Celtic *tunna (“hide, skin”).

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of mass, equivalent to about 793 kg.


onça

From Portuguese onça, from Latin uncia (“unit, ¹⁄₁₂ pound”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”).

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of mass, usually equivalent to 28.7 g.


milha

From Portuguese milha (“Portuguese mile”), from Latin mīlia (“Roman mile”), plural of mīlle (“thousand”) from its length of 1000 Roman paces, from Proto-Indo-European *(sm̥-)ǵʰéslo-. Doublet of mile and milla.

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of distance, equivalent to about 1481.5, 1851.9, or 2057.6 m depending on the league used.


caatinga

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese caatinga, borrowed from Old Tupi ka'atinga, from ka'a + ting + -a.

etymon

He then goes on his way at a steady pace that does not tire him, climbing up slopes or down ravines, traversing scrubland caatinga or stony ground.

1984, Helen R. Lane, The War of the End of the World, Folio Society, translation of La guerra del fin del mundo by Mario Vargas Llosa, published 2012, page 187:

The geological substrate of the caatinga is severely eroded crystalline bedrock of the Precambrian Brazilian Shield and Paleozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary basins.

2000, David Lewis Lentz, Imperfect Balance: Landscape Transformations in the Precolumbian Americas, page 426:

A sparse, thorny wooded area of northeastern Brazil containing drought-resistant trees.


BRIC

Coined by British economist Jim O'Neill in 2001.

coin

(politics, economics) Initialism of Brazil, Russia, India and China: a group of countries with similarly fast-growing economies.


oitava

From Portuguese oitava, from Old Galician-Portuguese oitavo, from Latin octāvus (“eighth”), q.v., in reference to it making up one-eighth of the alqueire (Portuguese bushel) or onça (Portuguese ounce). Doublet of octave, octavo, and ochava.

(historical) A traditional Brazilian unit of weight, equivalent to 17.44 carats, typically used for gold and precious stones.


IBSA

(politics, economics) Initialism of India, Brazil and South Africa.


caboclo

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese caboclo, borrowed from Old Tupi kuriboka.

etymon

Dawn found him still awake, in one of the two taverns of Cumbe, drinking brandy with sour cherries and having a ballad contest with the caboclo Matias de Tavares.

1984, Mario Vargas Llosa, translated by Helen R. Lane, The War of the End of the World, Folio Society, published 2012, page 138:

A person of mixed Brazilian Indian and European or African descent.


BRICS

As shown by the BRICS expansion and the long waiting list to join, Xi’s offer of an alternative world order is finding receptive ears in the Global South, where many countries feel themselves marginalized in an international system they see as dominated by the US and its wealthy allies.

2023 August 28, “BRICS expansion is a big win for China. But can it really work as a counterweight to the West?”, in CNN:

(geopolitics, economics) Acronym of Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa: an international economic organization comprising these fast-growing economies.


Hunsrik

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Hunsrik.wav

From German Hunsrückisch, a Moselle Franconian dialect spoken in Rhineland-Palatinate, from Hunsrück + -isch.

A Germanic language spoken by some 3 to 5 million people, mainly in southern Brazil. The vocabulary and pronunciation are influenced by Portuguese.


Federative Republic of Brazil

Calque of Portuguese República Federativa do Brasil

cal

Orílẹ̀-èdè Olómìnira Aparapọ̀ ilẹ̀ Bràsíl


milreis

From Portuguese mil réis (“one thousand reis”), from mil (“a thousand”) + réis, plural of real (“a rei”).

uder

(historical) A former currency of Brazil (until 1942).


almude

From Portuguese almude, from Andalusian Arabic المُدّ (al-mudd), from Arabic مُدّ (mudd), probably via Aramaic 𐡬𐡣𐡩𐡠 (mdyʾ) and מוֹדְיָא (moḏyā) or Classical Syriac ܡܘܿܕܝܳܐ (moḏyā) from Akkadian 𒉘𒈨𒌍 (/maddattu/middattu/, “kind of vessel, unit of volume”). Doublet of almud. Cognate with Ancient Greek μόδιος (módios) and Latin modius.

der

(historical, measure) Alternative form of almud, similar units of liquid volume in Spain and Turkey.


fanga

From Portuguese fanga, from Andalusian Arabic فَنِيقَة (faníqa, “sack”), from Arabic فَنِيقَة (fanīqa). Doublet of fanega.

(historical) A traditional Portuguese dry measure, equal to about 50–75 liters at different places and times.


bloco

It's not clear how many blocos nationwide are eschewing offensive lyrics, or why it's created so much controversy this year.

2017 February 23, “Brazil's Carnival Becoming More 'Politically Correct'”, in NBC News, archived from the original on 2022-12-09:

In Rio de Janeiro, tens of thousands of spectators jammed into the Sambadrome to watch the spectacle of samba-school floats, dancers, and extravagant costumes during Carnival. Even more people took part in the many blocos, or street parties, dancing and drinking into the wee hours of the night.

2019 March 4, Alan Taylor, “Carnival 2019 in Brazil”, in The Atlantic, archived from the original on 2020-11-11:

The nature of blocos today reflects the angst and rage many in the country feel, said Amanda Salles, 30, who dances in several blocos across Rio.

2020 February 26, Ernesto Londoño, “'Like a Scream of Resistance': Rio’s Carnival in Bolsonaro's Brazil”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2020-03-10:

(Brazil) A type of Brazilian street carnival featuring traditional Brazilian music and dance such as samba and frevo, often with hundreds of thousands to millions of people in attendance.


alqueire

From Portuguese alqueire, from Arabic الكَيْل (al-kayl, “a measure”), from ك ي ل (k y l).

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of dry measure, equal to 13.1–19.3 liters in different 19th-century contexts.

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of land area, equal to 2–10 hectares in different locations.


canada

From Portuguese canada, from Latin cannatus.

(historical, measure) A traditional Portuguese unit of liquid volume equal to 1.7–2.1 liters depending on the area of Portugal, used particularly for wine.


caxirola

percussion instrument
percussion instrument

A Brazilian percussion instrument consisting of a closed plastic basket with a flat bottom filled with small synthetic particles. It is based on the caxixi.


maquia

From Portuguese maquia, from Andalusian Arabic مَكِيلَة (makíla), from Arabic مَكِيلَة (makīla, “measured”). Doublet of maquila.

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of dry measure, equivalent to 0.8–1.2 liters in different 19th-century contexts.


Brazilian wax

Getting a Brazilian wax will make you feel cleaner down there and improve your sex life.

2009, Molly Aldrich, How to Get the Perfect Brazilian Wax […] , iUniverse, →ISBN, page 1:

"I also have many clients, who schedule a Brazilian wax every four to five weeks, and not necessarily for someone special but for their own benefit.

2011 July 6, Svetlana Burckhardt, Confessions of a Brazilian Waxing Queen, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 52:

The removal of all or most of the pubic hair, sometimes leaving a small strip or triangle of hair on the mons pubis.


bandeirante

From Portuguese bandeirante, from bandeira (“flag”).

Its tough and cruel settler bandeirantes were the first Europeans to penetrate Brazil's interior on their long slaving forays against the índios.

2003, Peter Robb, A Death in Brazil, Bloomsbury, published 2005, page 14:

On Friday afternoon, Santos and a few dozen other activists will set off from the Praça Panamericana in western São Paulo on a 1,000km (621-mile) walk to Brasília, the Brazilian capital, following one of the routes of the bandeirantes.

2015 April 24, Bruce Douglas, “Brazil activists to walk 600 miles for 'free markets, lower taxes and privatisation'”, in The Guardian:

(historical) One of the European adventurers and slavers who were responsible for exploring much of early colonial Brazil.


quartilho

From Portuguese quartilho, from quarto (“fourth”) + -ilho (“-elle: forming diminutives”), in reference to its size being one-fourth the canada. Doublet of cuartillo and cuartilla.

(historical, measure) A traditional Portuguese unit of liquid volume, varying in size between 350 and 530 mL.


joannes

(historical) An old coin of Portugal and Brazil.


cangaceiro

Cangaceiros and flying brigades alike ate up the provisions of the townspeople of Custódia, got drunk on their cane brandy, and tried to rape their women.

1984, Mario Vargas Llosa, translated by Helen R. Lane, The War of the End of the World, Folio Society, published 2012, page 68:

Dry Gulch looks like a cangaceiro with his leather hat and crossed cartridge belts.

1988, Jorge Amado, translated by Gregory Rabassa, Captains of the Sands, Penguin, published 2013, page 58:

That night Deraldo has a dream in which, dressed as a cangaceiro, he stands on a street corner and challenges passersby, who point and laugh at him.

2010, Darlene J. Sadlier, Brazil Imagined, page 260:

(now chiefly historical) A type of nomadic bandit in Northeast Brazil.


jagunço

Maria Quadrado, Alexandrinha Correa, and Gertrudes […] went around placing the dead bodies of jagunços in hammock litters so that they could be carried back to Canudos to be buried.

1984, Mario Vargas Llosa, translated by Helen R. Lane, The War of the End of the World, Folio Society, published 2012, page 85:

Though the government forces carried modern rifles against their one-shot muskets and scraping knives, the jagunços repelled first a detachment of a hundred men and then a detachment of five hundred.

A hired gunman in backland Brazil; a militiaman or bodyguard; a bandit or outlaw.


Vaccine Revolt

(historical) A period of civil disorder that occurred from 10 to 16 November 1904, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in response to government officials entering homes to administer smallpox vaccines by force.


Atlantic Forest

A terrestrial biome and region extending along the Atlantic coast of Brazil.


Carioca

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese carioca.

etymon

Needless to say, a true Carioca never makes mistakes when dealing with money.

2008, Priscilla Goslin, How to Be a Carioca: The Alternative Guide for the Tourist in Rio, →ISBN, page 43:

I was impassioned about this because my Portuguese professor at Johns Hopkins was a Carioca, or native of Rio de Janeiro, and the first thing she told us in class was that she was going to make us all Cariocas.

2012, Katherine Losse, The Boy Kings: A Journey into the Heart of the Social Network, →ISBN:

Cariocas – as inhabitants of Rio are called – panicked, and the newspapers reported the deteriorating situation in the city.

2017, Laura Spinney, Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How it Changed the World, →ISBN:


brazilianization

en-noun

brazilianization (countable and uncountable, plural brazilianizations)

Corrêa has voiced the need to be aware of derivative cultural forms and has called for the "brazilianization" of Brazilian crime fiction.

1992, Amelia S. Simpson, New Tales of Mystery and Crime from Latin America, →ISBN, page 17:


brazilianisation

brazilianisation (countable and uncountable, plural brazilianisations)

Invoking the examples of Japan and the United States, he weighs the dangers of economic dualism and the creeping 'brazilianisation' of job markets.

1986, Socialist Affairs - Issue 2, page 48:

In his eagerness to show how erroneous the Brazilian modernists were, Holston fails to discuss the desire for modernisation among the Brazilian people. Even if the people demand "brazilianisation", such a process might include elements of modernisation.

2001, Post proceedings of the World Conference on Cultural Design/Digital Condition Design, →ISBN:

Due to the early 1990s crisis, but also to the transition from a work society to a knowledge society, the increasing unemployment rate and the growing incidence of part-time, flexible and 'precarious' employment in westem countries have been documented and described as a 'brazilianisation of the west' (Beck, 2000).

2005 -, SEER South-east Europe Review for Labour and Social Affairs:

They talked about brazilianisation by infection, of Brazil as an immense hospital, and these ideas percolated into literature, reinforced, perhaps, by the memory of those flu-themed parades in the 1919 Rio Carnival, when groups calling themselves 'Midnight Tea' and 'Holy House' sang bawdy songs about a 'Spanish lady'.

2017, Laura Spinney, Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How it Changed the World:


Brazilianisation

Brazilianisation (countable and uncountable, plural Brazilianisations)

The whole effort is at present directed to nothing more than the prevention of the Brazilianisation of the Germans in Brazil. It is all quite natural ; but it is also quite natural that the Brazilian Government, which has to look on at this systematic effort to prevent a large portion of its subjects from feeling themselves to be first and foremost- Brazilians, should entertain ' suspicions.'

1908, William Thomas Arnold -, German Ambitions as They Affect Britain and the United States of America:

The President-elect's very strong sense of nationalism and his all-pervading idea of Brazilianisation alone would insist that any political system established in Brazil must conform to Brazilian realities.

1950, Charles Dunlop, The South American Journal - Volumes 147-148, page 193:

Thereafter, the process of 'Brazilianisation' went ahead, marked by curiously similar phases of autochthonous adaptation and recreation, and each time there was a reaffirmation of that simple gracefulness and delicate sensualism which became eventually the distinctive characteristic of the country's best architecture.

1976, Art and Artists - Volume 11, page 36:

Increased percentage of Brazilian people and/or culture


Brazilianization

Brazilianization (countable and uncountable, plural Brazilianizations)

As chief of Interventor Cordeiro de Farias' personal military staff. Peracchi had been active in the local implementation of the Estado Novo's Brazilianization campaign, in which excesses had occurred against Germans and Italians.

1974, Carlos E. Cortés, Gaúcho politics in Brazil: the politics of Rio Grande do Sul, 1930-1964, page 163:

Given this context of religious pluralism, the main theme and purpose of this chapter is to discuss the process of Brazilianization caused by the increasingly significant presence of Brazilian immigrants and their evangelical churches in the New Your Metropolitan Area (Rodrigues 2010).

2012, Richard Cimino, Nadia A Mian, Weishan Huang, Ecologies of Faith in New York City, →ISBN:

Having been longer and better established in Brazil than Japanese firms, U.S. firms were better able to cope with Brazilianization.

1988, Leon Hollerman, Japan's Economic Strategy in Brazil: Challenge for the United States, →ISBN:

The Afro-Brazilian contribution to and influence on Brazilian folk dances is reflected in the number of specific Afro-Brazilian dances and the Brazilianization—that is, Afro-Brazilianization—of European dances, an important aspect of Brazilian urban popular music.

2013, The Concise Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, →ISBN:

An increase in the percentage of Brazilian people or cultural elements in an area or industry.


toesa

From Spanish and Portuguese toesa, from French toise. Doublet of toise.

(historical) The Portuguese toise, a traditional unit of length, equivalent to about 2 m.


moio

From Portuguese moio, from Latin modius (“Roman peck of about 9 L”), from modus (“measure”) + -ius (“-y: forming adjectives”). Doublet of moyo.

der

(historical) A traditional Portuguese dry measure, equal to about 0.78–1.15 m³ at different places and times.


Amazon Rainforest

An enormous jungle covering the majority of northern South America, mostly in Brazil.


Paulistano

Paulistanos are infamous workaholics; other Brazilians joke about their obsession with meetings and office politics and all the trappings of business.

2020, N. K. Jemisin, The City We Became, Orbit, page 212:


vintem

From Portuguese vintém, from Portuguese vinteno.

(historical) A former small Portuguese coin, similar to a penny.


covado

From Portuguese côvado, from Old Galician-Portuguese côbedo, from Latin cubitum (“cubit”). Doublet of cubit and codo.

(historical, measure) A traditional Portuguese unit of length, usually about equal to 0.6 meters and approximating the length of a forearm and hand.


escropulo

Unadapted borrowing from Portuguese escrópulo, from Latin scrūpulus (“scruple, nagging doubt, 1/24 uncia”), from scrūpus (“sharp stone, anxiety”) + -ulus (“-ule: forming diminutives”). Doublet of scruple and escrupulo.

der

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of mass, equivalent to about 1.2 g.


quintalejo

From Portuguese quintalejo, from quintal (“Portuguese hundredweight”) + -ejo (“-cule: forming diminutives”).

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of mass, usually equivalent to 29.4 kg.


celamim

From Portuguese celamim, from Andalusian Arabic, from Arabic ثُمُنِ (ṯumuni, “of one-eighth”). Doublet of tomin and azumbre.

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of dry measure, equivalent to 0.4–0.6 L in different 19th-century contexts.


Confederado

A Confederate expatriate who fled the southern United States for Brazil during Reconstruction; or a descendant of such a person.


Mensalão

(politics, historical) The name of a 2005 Brazilian parliamentary vote-buying scandal.


frescobol

Borrowed from Portuguese frescobol, from fresco (“fresh”) + -bol (“-ball”).