Cili

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 慈利 (Cílì).


Wu

Romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 巫 (Wū or Wú, “shaman, sorceror, witch”).

der

A river in Hunan, China, a tributary of the Yuan.


Wu

Romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese 㵲 (Wǔ).


Changsha

/(ˈ)t͡ʃæŋˈʃɑ/

Changxa commands over eleven Cities, as Changxa, Siangtan, Siangin, Ninghiang, Lieuyang, Liling, Jeyang, Sianghang, Xeu, Ganhoa, Chaling.

[1669 [1665], John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, translation of original in Dutch, →OCLC, page 14:

The most important place for trade in Hunan is Siangtan, 90 li south of Changsha.

1868, Albert S. Bickmore, “Sketch of a Journey from Canton to Hankow, through China”, in American Journal of Science and Arts, volume XLVI, page 16:

A Communist report from Hunan has quoted "a ranking comrade of the Party Central" as having issued this instruction: "Athletes should be trained from childhood." It is believed that Mao made the remark.
Accordingly, most of the table tennis winners have been teenagers. The youngest at an athletic meet in Changsha in 1973 was a boy of 14.

1976 July 25, L. Chen, “Athletics under Maoist politics”, in 自由中國週報 [Free China Weekly], volume XVII, number 29, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

In a restaurant in Changsha, the capital of central China's Hunan province, Hu Mingliang and Sun Wenlin exchanged their wedding rings, and received blessings from over 200 friends, relatives, as well as LGBT rights activists from around the country.

2016 May 17, Cherie Chan, “Chinese gay couple marry despite court ruling”, in DW News, archived from the original on 2016-05-18, LGBT RIGHTS:

Lynn (Yao Honggui) and her boyfriend, Zhang (Liu Long), are shacked up in a hotel in the city of Changsha in Hunan province.

2023 March 9, Manohla Dargis, “‘Stonewalling’ Review: A Young Woman’s Exchange Value”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-09, Movies:

A prefecture-level city, the provincial capital of Hunan, in south-central China.

تْشَانْغ شَا

city in south-central China and other locations in China


Taoyuan

The important mining center Paoking is connected with Siangtan by a road through Hsiang Hsiang. It is also connected with Yuanchow by way of Wukang and with Changteh by way of Hsin Hua, An Hua, and Taoyuan.

1915 September 24, Nelson T. Johnson, “Hunan Province”, in Supplement to Commerce Reports, number 52i, page 27:

By December 4 the advance upon Changsha had come to a standstill. After several days' indecisive fighting around Changteh and the town of Taoyuan, 15 miles to the west, which had been taken by the enemy after a heavy air raid supported by parachutists on November 21, the Japanese retreated northwards.

1944, Philip Graves, The Seventeenth Quarter, Hutchinson & Co., pages 157–158:

At 1600 on 21 November 1943 Japanese paratroopers attacked Taoyuan, Hunan, as a phase of their Tungting Lake campaign.

1945 July 1, Japanese Parachute Troops, Washington, D.C.: Military Intelligence Service, page 29:

Sung Chiao-jen was born into a lower gentry household in T’ao-yüan County, Hunan. At the local Chang-chiang Academy, he is reported to have shown interest in statecraft, textual criticism, and neo-Confucian self-cultivation.

[1992, “SUNG CHIAO-JEN”, in Edwin Pak-wah Leung, editor, Historical Dictionary of Revolutionary China, 1839-1976, Greenwood Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 396:

The frequent ceremonies, which are meant to release the souls of the dead from purgatory, come as China’s worst outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic spreads further into its rural, more vulnerable areas.
“It has never been this many all at once,” said a 24-year-old visiting her home village in Taoyuan County, in the southern province of Hunan, for the Lunar New Year, China’s biggest holiday.

2023 January 17, Jennifer Jett, Livia Liu, “China's first Lunar New Year without Covid restrictions fuels fears of a rural crisis”, in NBC News, archived from the original on 2023-01-17, World:

A county of Changde, in northern Hunan, China.


Longshan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 龍山／龙山 (Lóngshān) (Lóngshān, lit. "Dragon Mountain")

Various placenames in China and Taiwan
A county of Xiangxi, Hunan, China.


Yuanjiang

From the pinyin romanization of Mandarin 沅江 (Yuánjiāng, “Yuan River”).

AN advanced fishing village in learning from the Tachai Brigade, the Kuanchushan Production Brigade of Wantzuhu Commune in Yuanchiang County lies on Tungting Lake in central China's Hunan Province.

[1971, Peking Review, volume 14, →OCLC, page 17:

In the eyes of many Chinese, the boy was a heartless criminal who deserved to be punished. But in China, where the minimum age of criminal responsibility is 14, he could not be held legally responsible. The boy was released by the authorities in the town of Yuanjiang, in Hunan Province, with no conditions.

2018 December 14, Amy Qin, “12-Year-Old in China Kills His Mother, Then Returns to School, Igniting an Outcry”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-12-14, Asia Pacific:

The hot days had been accumulating over the past few weeks, with Yuanjiang in Hunan province having exceeded 95 degrees (35 Celsius) for 22 straight days as of Friday.

2023 April 17, Dan Stillman, “Historic Asia heat breaks hundreds of records, with extremes in Thailand and China”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-12-02, Weather:

A county-level city in Yiyang, Hunan, China, along the Yuan River


Yuan River

Partial calque of Mandarin 沅江 (Yuán Jiāng).

partial calque

It is said at Hankau that boats can travel up stream 4000 li by three different routes—the Yangtse Chiang, the Yuan river in Hu Nan, and the Han river.

1898 September, W. R. Carles, “THE YANGTSE CHIANG”, in The Geographical Journal, volume XII, number 3, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 236:

Now that the Japanese menace has been removed, at least temporarily, refugee farmers and artisans are drifting back to their homes in Hunan, south of the Yuan River. On the long hard trek from Taoyuan our party of military attaches and correspondents met them on hard lumpy paths, crossing winter paddy fields.

1944 January 3 [1943 December 29], Brooks Atkinson, “MANY ATROCITIES LISTED BY CHINESE; Barbarity of Japanese Held to Be Psychopathic Compensation for Lack of Charm”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-12-02, page 3:

General Fu Yu-te commanded an army of 100,000 which assembled in Hu-kuang Province (Hu-pei and Hu-nan area). Aside from a part of his army which he dispatched post-haste to Wu-san (present-day Wei-ning in western Kuei-chou)(See Photos 7 and 8), he personally led the main body. He entered Kuei-chou from Hu-nan along the Yuan River route.

1954, Herold J. Wiens, “The history of South Chinese tribal movements and migrations”, in Han Chinese Expansion in South China, Shoe String Press, published 1967, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page 88:


Xiangtan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 湘潭 (Xiāngtán, literally “[place of the] Xiang River eddy”).

bor

Mao’s hometown, Xiangtan City, in Hunan Province, is spending $2.5 billion on public events celebrating him.

2013 December 25, Gao Wenqian, “China Must Purge Mao's Ghost”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-12-26, Opinion:

The Industry Foundation of the Chinese city of Xiangtan, in the southern province of Hunan, Geely-backed GLy Capital and South Korea's Mirae Asset also participated in the capital raise, according to the statement.

2022 October 26, Roxanne Liu, Kane Wu, “Chinese automaker Geely's new energy brand Farizon raises over $300 mln”, in Bernadette Baum, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2010-10-26, Autos & Transportation:

A prefecture-level city in Hunan, China, on the lower Xiang River.


Beishan

Translingual: beishanensis, Beishanlong

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 北山 (Běishān).

A town in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan, China.

A town in Longhui, Shaoyang, Hunan, China.


Ziyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 資陽／资阳 (Zīyáng).


Xinhua

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 新化 (Xīnhuà).

Chen Tianhua [1875-1905] was a young man from Xinhua district in Hunan province.

1991, Su Xiaokang, Wang Luxiang, “A Reader's Guide”, in Richard W. Bodman, Pin P. Wan, transl., Deathsong of the River: A Reader's Guide to the Chinese TV Series Heshang (Cornell East Asia Series), East Asia Program Cornell University, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 103:

By official decree, Langtang is a contented place, a town of 82,000 spread across 24 villages in Hunan Province where extreme poverty has been eliminated, crime is under control and schools are prospering.[…]
But the people of Langtang experience a different reality. Incomes, while rising, remain stubbornly low, around $1,500 a year in the surrounding villages of Xinhua County, compared with the national average of $2,500 in rural areas.

2021 May 26, “The Tragedy in Small-Town China”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-05-26:


Huayuan

A county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China


Anping

An urban town in the county-level city of Lianyuan, Hunan, China.


Baisha

From the Mandarin 白沙 (Báishā, literally “white sand”).

A town in Changning, Hengyang, Hunan, China

A town in Xinning, Shaoyang, Hunan, China

A town in Luxi, Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China


Changde

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 常德 (Chángdé).

Changte commands over four Cities, as Changte, Taoyuen, Lungyang, Juenkiang.

[1669 [1665], John Nievhoff, translated by John Ogilby, An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, translation of original in Dutch, →OCLC, page 14:

Three other tourists from Zhangjiajie later traveled to the central city of Changde, taking a river cruise with dozens of other people. About 27 infections in at least six places have been linked to the boat ride.

2021 August 4, Sui-Lee Wee, Elsie Chen, “After Months as a Covid Success Story, China Tries to Tame Delta”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-08-04:

A prefecture-level city in Hunan, China.


Zhuzhou

/ˌd͡ʒuːˈd͡ʒoʊ/

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 株洲 (Zhūzhōu).

A June 27 Hsinhua report tells how 8,000 young people have been successfully "settled" and "re-educated" on the outskirts of Chuchou, a city in Hunan province. Success was achieved in this task because "the Chuchou municipal committee of the Chinese Communist party raised its consciousness of the struggle between the two lines during the great movement to criticize Lin Piao and rectify the style of work."

[1974 August 5, Peter Green, “The Big-Character Posters on the Walls of China”, in Intercontinental Press, volume 12, number 30, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1075, columns 2, 3:

In the 1960s it was reported that Chinese uranium ore was only partly processed at the Chuchou Uranium Processing Plant in Hunan Province and was then sent to Czechoslovakia for further concentration.

[1978, Doing Business with the People's Republic of China: Industries and Markets, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 280:

In Hunan Province, a spill occurred Jan. 4 in the industrial city of Zhuzhou after workers cleaning up a wastewater ditch mistakenly diverted the sewage water into the nearby Xiangjiang River.

2006 January 12, Jim Yardley, “China Chemical Spills Spur Plan to Guard Water Supply”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-05-06:

In May, authorities in China’s southern Hunan province detained Chen after he made a posting on social media commemorating the crackdown. He described being harassed by state security police over the years during “sensitive periods” around the anniversary date.
The rights group Chinese Human Rights Defenders said he was believed to have been held in a detention center in Zhuzhou, in Hunan, shortly after.

2023 September 22, Huizhong Wu, Johnson Lai, “A Chinese dissident in transit at a Taiwan airport pleads for help in seeking asylum”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2023-09-22, World News:


Yueyang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 岳陽／岳阳 (Yuèyáng).

Japanese troops were pulled to Yuehyang, at the junction of the Hsiang and Yangtze rivers, from Hunan, Honan, and Hupeh provinces.

[1982, Roy M. Stanley II, “The Land War in China”, in Prelude to Pearl Harbor, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 128, column 1:

In his capacity as Thief-punishing General, after the grand birthday celebrations in Hankow, he transferred his headquarters to Yüeh-yang.

[1999, Chiang Kuei, translated by Timothy A. Ross, A Translation of the Chinese Novel Chung-yang (Rival Suns) by Chiang Kuei (1908-1980), Edwin Mellen Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 342:

岳陽

prefecture-level city or county of Hunan, China

In Yueyang county, Hunan, some 22,000 people lost their homes during the building of Tieshan Reservoir.

2011, Frank Dikötter, Mao's Great Famine, Bloomsbury, →ISBN, →OCLC, →OL, page 170:


Yongding

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 永定 (Yǒngdìng).

A government official in the Yongding district in Zhangjiajie, which oversees the suburban Xixiping neighbourhood, confirmed the blast but declined to give further details.

2008 July 2, Shipeng Guo, Benjamin Kang Lim, “China man blows up govt office and injures 12”, in Ben Tan, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-04-23, World News:

A district of Zhangjiajie, Hunan, China.


Shaoshan

Mao Tse-tung, for example, leader of Communist China, was born in Shaoshan, province of Hunan, the son of a well-to-do farmer.

1954 April 14, Carolyn Wells, “Internationally Speaking...”, in The Agnes Scott News, volume XXXIX, number 15, Decatur, GA: Agnes Scott College, page 1:

During the days honouring Chairman Mao's memory on the first anniversary of his passing away, people of Shaoshan, his home village, recalled his revolutionary activities in leading them in the peasant movement and his concern about their struggle and livelihood.
Shaoshan people talked about how Chairman Mao set up the first Communist Party branch in Shaoshan, kindling the sparks of revolution.

1977 September 19 [1977 September 17], “Mao's Home Village Recalls His Revolutionary Activities”, in Daily Report: People's Republic of China, volume I, number 181, Foreign Broadcast Information Service, sourced from Peking NCNA, →ISSN, →OCLC, page H 1:

Trade in Mao memorabilia is big business in the Chinese city of Shaoshan, birthplace of the Great Helmsman.

2010 June 25, “A Mao Trinket Must Look Like Mao, Not Elvis”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2010-06-30, Week in Review:

Prosperity has certainly come to Shaoshan, located in the south-central Hunan province. The town has a massive “red tourism” industry, with a museum, a library, a cultural centre and soon a theatre, all dedicated to Mao.

2013 December 27, “120th anniversary sees tourists flood birthplace of father of modern China”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2013-12-28:

A county-level city in Xiangtan, Hunan, China.


Hengyang

Borrowed from Mandarin 衡陽／衡阳 (Héngyáng).

A publication circulated recently in the Hengyang area of Hunan Province called on the mainland people to rise against Communism to uphold freedom and democracy, an intelligence report from the mainland said.

1979 July 15, “Publication for freedom”, in Free China Weekly, volume XX, number 27, Taipei, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3:

This is not the first time a city in China has clamped down on Christmas merriment. Last December, Hengyang, a city in Hunan province, issued a stern notice asking Communist Party officials and their relatives to “resist the rampant Western festival.”

2018 December 19, Tiffany May, “Chinese City Bans Christmas Displays Amid Religious Crackdown”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-12-19, Asia Pacific:


Wugang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 武岡／武冈 (Wǔgāng).

Hengjiang Village is nestled in the lush mountains of China's Hunan province, just a few kilometers from the bustling city of Wugang.

2009 September 2, Emily Chang, “Plants shut for lead poisoning in south China; thousands sickened”, in CNN, archived from the original on 2009-09-03:

A county-level city in Shaoyang, Hunan, China.


Yiyang

China has confirmed an outbreak of the H5N1 birdflu virus among poultry in the central province of Hunan, but no cases of human infection in the area hit, state media reported on Saturday.
The outbreak was in a village near Yiyang city in Hunan and killed 11,172 birds, a Ministry of Agriculture spokesman told Xinhua news agency.[…]
Yiyang, the site of the outbreak, lies next to Lake Dongting, which hosts many migratory birds.

2007 August 9 [2007 May 19], “China confirms birdflu outbreak among poultry”, in Reuters, archived from the original on 2024-08-23:


Xiangxiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 湘鄉／湘乡 (Xiāngxiāng).

From the first day, I knew that he was Mao Tse-tung and he knew that I was Siao Shu-tung, which was my school name, since we were distant neighbors in the country region from which we both came. Our homes were approximately thirty kilometers apart, and we lived in neighboring districts. I came from Siangsiang, and he lived across the border in Siangtan.

[1961, Siao-yu, “Back to School”, in Mao Tse-tung and I Were Beggars, Hutchinson & Co., →OCLC, page 31:

This rural character became the backbone of Tseng Kuo-fan’s Hunan Army, which was recruited mainly from the hilly farm areas. Tseng’s home district of Hsiang-hsiang west of the Hsiang River ultimately furnished 52 generals (41.9%) and many of the rank and file,29 while such districts as Pao-ch’ing in the upper Tzu Valley and Hsin-ning near the mountainous Kwangsi border in the south also contributed many officers and men.

[1976, Charlton M. Lewis, Prologue to the Chinese Revolution: The Transformation of Ideas and Institutions in Hunan Province, 1891-1907, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 8:

Mao’s father decided to apprentice Mao to a rice shop in Hsiangtan with which he had some connection. Mao was not against the idea, but he had also heard from his cousin Wen about a new school in his mother’s county of Hsianghsiang which taught— and by radical methods—some of the “new knowledge” of the West, with less emphasis on the classics.

[1980, Dick Wilson, “1893-1910 Child of the Snake”, in The People's Emperor, Mao: A Biography of Mao Tse-tung, Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., →ISBN, →OCLC, page 14:

The accident occurred as more than 400 students at Yucai Middle School in Hunan Province headed back to their dormitories after evening classes.[…]
The injured were taken to three hospitals in Xiangxiang, a city of about 900,000. “They are so young,” said an aide at Hospital No. 2. “They looked so pitiful.”

2009 December 8, Sharon LaFraniere, “China Stampede Kills 8 Students”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-12-25, Asia Pacific:

A county-level city in Xiangtan, Hunan, China, formerly a county.


Shaoyang

Top, left, weighing shed of a surface coal mine in Shaoyang, southwestern Hunan.[...]The Executive Yuan is understood to be planting the establishment of three “national industrial defence lines,” namely, a northwestern line with headquarters in Paochi, a southwestern line with headquarters in Shaoyang, and a southeastern line in Kiangchow.

1939 February 4, C. Y. W. [孟長泳] Meng, “China Fights and Rebuilds Simultaneously”, in The China Weekly Review, volume 87, number 10, →OCLC, pages 298–299:

Mr. Tan’s journey from migrant worker to labor organizer began in a small farming community near the city of Shaoyang, in central China’s Hunan Province, where Mao Zedong was born.

2010 June 13, David Barboza, “In China, Unlikely Labor Leader Just Wanted a Middle-Class Life”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-01-31, Global Business:

The four high school graduates were born in a small city of Shaoyang in central China’s Hunan province in 2003, but were transferred to a major regional hospital almost immediately because of their unstable vital signs, reported the Xiaoxiang Morning Herald.

2021 June 9, “Quirky China: Nude chat scam hits fully-clothed man, woman gives birth in street, and quadruplets thank hospital for lives”, in AP News, archived from the original on 2022-08-25:


Loudi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 婁底／娄底 (Lóudǐ).

Recently, too, growing numbers of working teachers have struck for higher pay in dozens of places, including 6,000 in Loudi, Hunan, in December, according to Liu and other reports.

2009 February 6, Chris Buckley, “China's rural teachers join rumble of unrest”, in Nick Macfie, Dean Yates, editors, Reuters, archived from the original on 2022-05-12, World News:

Annabelle was found early on a September morning in a box at the orphanage door in the city of Loudi in the province of Hunan.

2010, Ann Hood, The Red Thread, W. W. Norton, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, →OL, page https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780393339765/page/305/:


Zhangjiajie

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 張家界／张家界 (Zhāngjiājiè).

In 2007, the Southern Weekly newspaper alleged irregularities in a hotel construction contract awarded to the company by a district government in Zhangjiajie, in Hunan Province.

2011 December 16, Michael Wines, “Revolt Begins Like Others, but Its End Is Less Certain”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-12-18:

The salamanders are considered a delicacy. In September, a three-day festival in the city of Zhangjiajie celebrated the propertied health benefits of the ancient species, which has lived largely unchanged since the Jurassic period. There's no scientific evidence to support the claims that eating the salamander or using skin products or medicines made from its body have any positive effects on human health, but desire for the traditional treat persists.

2015 December 16, Rachel Feltman, “Scientists find a 200 year old giant salamander just chilling”, in The Washington Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-12-17, Speaking of Science:


Jinshi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 津市 (Jīnshì).

A county-level city in Changde, Hunan, China.


Dongting

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization for the Mandarin 洞庭 (Dòngtíng).

The Tung-ting-hoo, in Hoonan, is said to be 220 miles in circumference. It receives the waters of several southern rivers, which, rising in Kwangse and Kweichow, find their way through this lake to the Yang-tsze-keang. From the eastern side of the Tung-ting-hoo to the city of Woo-chang-Foo, over an area of about 200 miles east and west, by 80 north and south, the course of the Yang-tsze-keang lies between a great number of lakes almost touching one another; which circumstance gives to the provinces Hoopih and Hoonan their names, north and south of the lakes.

[1832 June, Le Ming-che Tsing-lae, “Ta Tsing Wan-neen Yih-tung King-wei Yu-too,—"A general geographical map, with degrees of latitude and longitude, of the Empire of the Ta-tsing Dynasty—may it last for ever."”, in The Chinese Repository, volume I, number 2, Canton, →OCLC, page 39:

The Tungting hoo, in Hoonan, is said to be 220 miles in circumference. It receives the waters of several southern rivers, which, rising in Kwangse and Kweichow, find their way through this lake to the Yangtsze keäng. From the eastern side of the Tung-ting hoo to the city of Woochang foo, over an area of about 200 miles east and west, by 80 north and south, the course of the Yangtsze keäng lies between a great number of lakes almost touching one another; which circumstance gives to the provinces Hoopih and Hoonan their names, meaning north and south of the lakes.

[1833 [1832 June], Le Mingche Tsinglae, “Ta Tsing Wan-neën Yih-tung King-wei Yu-too,—"A general geographical map, with degrees of latitude and longitude, of the Empire of the Ta Tsing Dynasty—may it last for ever."”, in The Chinese Repository, 2nd edition, volume I, number 2, Canton, →OCLC, page 39:

The creeks of Hsin-ho K’ou and Tiao-kuan K’ou communicate with the N. of Lake Tung-t’ing.

[1912, Northern China, The Valley of the Blue River, Korea, Hachette & Company, →OCLC, page 400:

The Chinese High Command announced tonight that fighting was continuing on the north shore of Tungting Lake, in Northern Hunan, and south of the Yangtze River, in Southern Hupeh, where the Japanese scored no decisive successes during the past twenty-four hours. Enemy attempts to land on the south shore of Tungting Lake again were repulsed.

[1943 May 11 [1943 May 10], “CHINESE STILL FIRM ON TUNGTING SHORES; Japanese Said to Have Made No Decisive Gains in Day”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-11-02, page 8:

The Yangtze and its chief tributary, the Han, meander in great loops past a maze of shallow lakes, the chief of which, the Tung-t'ing Hu, lies just south of the border of Hunan.

[1968, “HUPEH”, in Encyclopedia Britannica, volume 11, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 902, column 1:

"Because of the drought, what used to be a lake is now dry land," said Liu Jinghua, a woman living by China's second-largest freshwater lake -- Dongting -- which has lost two-thirds of its water over the past few months.

2011 June 14, Coco Liu, “China's Drought Threatens Farm Income, Drinking Water, Wildlife and Hydropower”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-02-11, Climatewire:

Water levels in the Xiangjiang have exceeded records set during 1998’s catastrophic flooding along the Yangtze, China’s mightiest river of which the Xiangjiang is a major tributary. Levels in Dongting lake, one of China’s largest freshwater water bodies, have also risen into the danger zone.

2017 July 7, “Flooding in southern China causes deaths, damage and anger”, in The Washington Post, sourced from Associated Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2017-07-07, Asia & Pacific:


Shigu

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 石鼓 (Shígǔ).

On the fifteenth of that month, the Shigu District People’s Government of Hengyang decided to grant the title of revolutionary martyr to Ding.

2002 August 9, Deng Fei, Wu Sanmeng, Chen Ying, “Missing the Martyr Mark”, in Beijing Today [今日北京], number 65, →ISSN, →OCLC, 声音 [shēngyīn, Voice], page 6, column 1:

"Guan asked some of his friends from Hengyang to go with him to register, and all four of them were detained there," he said, adding that another associate of Guan's was visited by government officials in his home district of Shigu, and warned not to get involved with his bid for candidacy.

2016 September 20, Siu-san Wong, Sing Man, Luisetta Mudie, “Four Held in China's Hunan Over Bid For Independent Election Candidacy”, in Luisetta Mudie, transl., Radio Free Asia, archived from the original on 2016-09-21, China:

Thirdly, from the perspective of economic connection, the 12 districts and counties in Hengyang are divided into five levels. The first level is the connection between Shigu District and Yanfeng District in the central city. The second level connection intensity is between Shigu District and Zhengxiang District in the central city and between Zhengxiang District and Hengyang County.

2020, Zhi-yuan Wang, Chen Hai-ting, Ou Yang-mei, “Research on Regional Traffic and Economic Linkage Based on Accessibility and Gravity Model--Taking Hengyang, China as an example”, in 2020 4th International Workshop on Renewable Energy and Development (IWRED 2020), →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-16, page 1:

The time bank in Shigu District of Hengyang City, together with the School of Nursing in the University of South China, formed a model featuring a combination of medical treatment and daily care.

2022, Fan Ying, “Localization of foreign community-based care models in urbanizing China”, in Aging in the Context of Urbanization: Social Determinants for the Depression of the Chinese Older Population, Routledge, →DOI, →ISBN, →OCLC, page https://books.google.com/books?id=MORFEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT64:


Jishou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 吉首 (Jíshǒu).

A county-level city in Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China


Guzhang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 古丈 (Gǔzhàng).

The floods also triggered landslides and mudslides in nearby Guzhang County, causing damage to houses and crops, blocking roads and disrupting traffic, state broadcaster CCTV said.

2023 June 30, Ella Cao, Twinnie Siu, “Cars washed away as floods wreak havoc in southern China”, in Mark Heinrich, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-07-01, China:


Fenghuang

The official Xinhua press agency said that 86 people were rescued, including the 22 who were injured when the 320-meter, or 1,050-foot, bridge spanning the Tuo River in Hunan Province collapsed Monday. The cause of the collapse was under investigation, it said.
The 43-meter-high bridge in Fenghuang County had four decorative stone arches and was scheduled to open at the end of this month, Xinhua said.[…]
Part of the bridge collapsed across a highway linking Fenghuang County to an airport in the Tongren region of neighboring Guizhou Province, according to a notice posted on the local government Web site on Tuesday.

2007 August 14, “Bridge collapse in China kills at least 22”, in The New York Times, sourced from BEIJING Xinhua News Agency, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-06-02, Asia Pacific:

A county of Xiangxi prefecture, Hunan, China.


Yongshun

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 永順／永顺 (Yǒngshùn).

According to the report, the counterfeit banknotes sprung up in Yongshun county, Hunan, and quickly spread to other regions.

2011 August 16, Mimi Lau, “Police seize 'high-quality' fake 100 yuan notes”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-07-27, Latest:

More than three thousand people were evacuated in northwestern Hunan province over the weekend as heavy rain was unleashed on Sangzhi, Shimen and Yongshun counties, and Zhangjiajie City, according to state media.

2023 August 28, Bernard Orr, Ethan Wang, “Heavy rains, floods inundate China; Hunan province sees record rain, thousands evacuated”, in Michael Perry, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-08-28, Environment:


Xiangxi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 湘西 (Xiāngxī).

ONCE, fresh fish was beyond the reach of the ordinary people in what is now the Hsianghsi Tuchia and Miao Autonomous Chou in the mountains of western Hunan province. Even at the wedding feasts of rich families, salt fish was a special treat. When the Miao people had fish for dinner, they would tack the tail up beside the family ancestor niche in the wall as a sign of good fortune, and the number hung there gradually became the yardstick by which a family was judged rich or poor.

[1966 June, Tu Hsueh-hao, “Breeding Fresh-water Fish”, in China Reconstructs, volume XV, number 6, China Welfare Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 30:

The local government of Xiangxi, the area of Hunan where Ms. Li lives, broke its silence on Friday, saying in a statement that she had checked into a hospital for psychiatric treatment at the behest of her family.

2021 December 23, Chris Buckley, “Fury in China After an Outspoken Teacher Disappears”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-12-24, Asia Pacific:

A Tujia and Miao autonomous prefecture in Hunan, China.


Baojing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 保靖 (Bǎojìng).

Peng Tu-yuan is a commune member of Tuchia nationality in the Yehtsa brigade, Paoching County in the Tuchia-Miao Autonomous Chou, western Hunan Province.

[1974, “An Expert in Raising Tung Oil Trees”, in China Pictorial, number 7 (313), Peking: China Pictorial, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 45:

Rains have pounded the Xiangxi area in Hunan since Thursday, with 314.5 mm of precipitation soaking Baojing County by 2 p.m., shattering a local record, state-backed media reported.

2023 June 30, Ella Cao, Twinnie Siu, “Cars washed away as floods wreak havoc in southern China”, in Mark Heinrich, editor, Reuters, archived from the original on 2023-06-30, China:


Luxi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 瀘溪／泸溪 (Lúxī).


Xintian

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 新田 (Xīntián).

In the southern province of Hunan, a recent report revealed that vandals had wrecked 10 of the 25 high schools in Xintian County.

1982 August 12, Christopher S. Wren, “CHINA'S BLACK SHEEP 'RE-EDUCATED' WITHOUT TRIAL”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2015-05-24, Section A, page 2:


Lianyuan

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 漣源／涟源 (Liányuán).

A county-level city in Loudi, Hunan, China.


Lengshuijiang

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 冷水江 (Lěngshuǐjiāng).


Louxing

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 婁星／娄星.


Yongzhou

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 永州 (Yǒngzhōu).


Sangzhi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin 桑植 (Sāngzhí).

Steep sandstone ravines carve across Sangzhi county, a part of Hunan province with little industry or even agriculture. But multistory homes with faux-European balustrades line county road 420. They are the rewards of laboring in cities like Shenzhen — and monuments to the human cost.

2019 December 15, Gerry Shih, “They built a Chinese boomtown. It left them dying of lung disease with nowhere to turn.”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-12-16, Asia & Pacific: