centurion's staff

In his right hand [Gaius] carried his centurion's staff, while his left held a rolled parchment, with Pilate's signature, guaranteeing Eleazor's pardon.

2006, Sean Young, Violent Sands, page 67:

Likewise [Marcellus] cast away his Centurion's staff and his arms, further declaring, "From this day forth I make an end of fighting for your Emperors..."

2013, A.R. Allison & al. translating Antonio Gallonio, Torture of the Christian Martyrs, page 65:


vine staff

en-noun

vine staff (plural vine staffs or vine staves)

vine staffs (plural)
vine staves (plural)

Calque of Latin vītis (“vine; vine staff”).

cal

(historical) A cane originally made of twisted grapevine trimmings and used by Roman centurions to beat the soldiers under their command; the various mushroom-headed batons later borne by them as a mark of office


Swedophile

Sweden is often in his mind though he is no robotic Swedophile, as one sometimes finds; his theory is more general and its applications would be more diverse.

2013, Jonathan Boswell, Community and the Economy: The Theory of Public Co-operation, Routledge, →ISBN:

On the other hand it was unfashionable to be Swedish-speaking, Swedophile and believing in cooperation with Russia.'44 These contrasting attitudes were not necessarily mutually exclusive; for example, some of the leading Jägers were Swedish-speaking although in other ways they fell into the 'fashionable' category.

2000, John Ernest Oliver Screen, Mannerheim: The Finnish Years, Hurst, →ISBN:

But even a Swedophile must exercise restraint. My memories of Swedish gardens are but one part and that indeed a small one, of my whole impression of Swedish life.

1935, Landscape and Garden: A Quarterly Journal Devoted to Garden Design and Landscape Architecture, volume 2, Arthurs Press, Ltd, page 102:

A person who admires Sweden and things associated with it.


Englisher

From English + -er (occupational suffix).

(dated or humorous) Synonym of Englishman: an English person.

A person who translates works into English.


Weltpolitik

Borrowed from German Weltpolitik, a compound of Welt (“world”) + Politik (“politics”).

'The main decision made by Kaiser Wilhelm II in the 1890s was to pursue Weltpolitik.' a) What is meant by Weltpolitik in relation to German foreign policy between 1890 and 1914? (3 marks) Weltpolitik is a term used to describe the expanding […]

2003, Stephen J. Lee, Europe, 1890-1945, Psychology Press, →ISBN, page 15:

Industrialists financed these pressure groups because they supported Weltpolitik. In the reign of William II German nationalism became more aggressive and had an increasingly unsettling effect upon relations between the Great Powers.

2004, Michael Scaife, History: Modern British and European, Letts and Lonsdale, →ISBN, page 60:

The policy of Weltpolitik had serious international repercussions. First, the Junkers got high grain tariffs, which angered Russia and forced it into an alliance with France and Britain. German Junkers wanted to eliminate competition from […]

2007, Greg Cashman, Leonard C. Robinson, An Introduction to the Causes of War: Patterns of Interstate Conflict from World War I to Iraq, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 54:

(historical) The aggressive foreign policy of Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany beginning in 1891.


cheese monkey

From cheese-eating surrender monkey, a term coined in a 1995 episode of The Simpsons.

> Ahem, I'm not French ;-)
Darn, right you're not! You used to be a pure cheese monkey. Now, you're simply pure spud.

2003 March 13, Orchid, “OT: naked war protests”, in alt.games.diablo (Usenet), retrieved 2022-08-23:

You'll notice a common cause among all international liberals--the sheep fucker in Australia (192 Day Road, Sydney), the cheese monkey in France, John Kerry--they're all together somehow, all operating along similar lines of force. Is it love of America that unites them? No? Then what is it?

2004 June 20, Jones, “OK, so no WMD and now no link between Iraq and Al-q. My question is........”, in rec.music.beatles (Usenet), retrieved 2022-08-23:

Republicans don't deny Bush has isolated the USA. However, they say "Fuck the world. Fuck the UN. The French are surrendering cheese monkeys. The Canadian are cheeseheads, the .... "

2004 September 18, Roedy Green, “Bush isolates more and more the USA in front of the world”, in alt.politics.bush (Usenet), retrieved 2022-08-23:

> Vive la France!
>
Viva for the cheese monkeys? That's how you must have call them in 2003.

2007 May 7, dapra, “The French Revolution”, in us.military.army (Usenet), retrieved 2022-08-23:

So what I'm gonna propose as governor of this state is that we plan a massive invasion force and go ahead and invade France. Because if there's one country we can beat in a goddamn arm-wrestle it's them limp-wristed patronizing cheese monkeys.

2013, Jock Cranley, quotee, Grand Theft Auto V, scene: Blaine County Talk Radio:

(slang, derogatory, humorous, uncommon) A French person.


Tuamotus

From Tuamotuan, tua (“distant”) + motus (“islands”).

The largest chain of atolls in the world, situated in French Polynesia and spanning an area of the southern Pacific Ocean the size of Western Europe.


Bremain

Blend of Britain + remain, by analogy with Brexit.

"We want Britain to remain in the EU. We want not "Brexit" but "Bremain"."

2015 June 22, David Milliken, “U.S. and EU face 'heavy lift' to get trade deal: EU ambassador”, in Reuters:

Like the old Tory trouper Michael Heseltine, I think we can rule out him leading the “Outers.” For Brexit, read Bremain.

2015 October 8, Paul Routledge, “Europe referendum is the big political issue – but where do the parties stand?”, in The Mirror:

Brexit or Bremain? That is the question British voters may have to answer in just five months’ time on 23 June, if David Cameron’s renegotiation ends with a deal at the EU summit in February.

2016 February 21, Timothy Garton Ash, “Whether Brexit or Bremain, fear will triumph over fear”, in The Guardian:

But today the disconnect was heightened further as London's army of Bremain-backing resident called on the city's new mayor Sadiq Khan, to declare Greater London and its nine million population an independent state.

2016 June 25, Jon Austin, “Could London become an EU state? Calls for independence after capital votes to Bremain”, in Express:

(UK politics) The fact of the United Kingdom remaining in the European Union.


Bremain

en-verb

Bremain (third-person singular simple present Bremains, present participle Bremaining, simple past and past participle Bremained)

Bremains (present singular third-person)
Bremaining (participle present)
Bremained (participle past)
Bremained (past)

Bremaining is perceived as a young person’s interest, with Brexiting supposedly the preserve of grumpy oldsters who are moreover more schooled in the tiresome pencil-and-paper business of voting, as opposed to liking, RT-ing, etc.

2016 June 8, Steve Richards, “Harry Potter play exposes the social apartheid in our theatre”, in The Guardian:

Hitzig, who voted to Bremain, now works in fundraising for the City of London Sinfonia and is worried that the arts sector will suffer if corporate donors leave, putting her job at risk.

2016 June 24, Sunny Freeman, “Brexit closes gateway to Europe for Canadian companies”, in Toronto Star:

If England were to finally end 50 years of hurt in Paris on 10 July, would we be happy to have Bremained, or sad to have Brexited?

2016 June 9, Steve Busfield, “Euro 2016: Bloated, protracted and boring - why the summer tournament could be the worst yet”, in International Business Times:

(of Britain) To remain in the European Union.


Czexit

“So far in the Czech Republic this is proposed only by fringe parties with minimal public appeal — but if Brexit happens, it would be much more attractive to propose a Czexit for parties like Civic Democratic Party [ODS] (ex-party of former president Václav Klaus) or for the communists,” Prouza said.

2016 February 23, Tara Palmeri, “Brexit ‘could lead to Czexit’”, in Politico:

Czech PM Bohuslav Sobotka has caused an all-EU debate on Czexit by his warning against the gloomy effects of Britain's EU departure on Czechs, in consequence of which the rest of the EU may part with the Czechs prematurely, Tomas Menschik writes in weekly Tyden out on Monday.

2016 March 1, “Týden: PM's hint at Czexit may backfire on Prague, oust it from EU”, in Prague Daily Monitor:

But there has already been an attempt to hold a Czexit referendum.

2016 June 25, Rebecca Perring, “MAPPED: Czexit, Pexit, Frexit - EU referendum CONTAGION sweeps Europe amid political quake”, in Express:

Mr Babiš insists he won’t seek a Czexit if he becomes prime minister.

2017 October 14, Tim Gosling, “Anti-establishment billionaire leads race to become Czech prime minister”, in The Telegraph:

(politics) The possible act of Czechia leaving the European Union.


Žižkov

A district mainly in the Prague 3 municipality of Prague, Czech Republic.


Brexiteer

/ˌbɹɛksɪˈtɪə(ɹ)/

From Brexit + -eer, playing on musketeer and the novel The Three Musketeers.

After Ken Clarke's "Charge of Light Brigade" hit on Brexiteers in @Daily_Telegraph, Defra SoS likened to Lord Raglan in #CAP reform debate

2013 June 18, Huw Irranca-Davies, “@huw4ogmore”, in Twitter, archived from the original on 2016-11-16:

Whether you are a Europhile or a Brexiteer, it’s hard to see what’s not to like about a market-driven initiative that aims to pull down barriers to more investment across Europe.

2015 October 4, William Wright, “A plan from Brussels where Britain can take the lead”, in The Daily Telegraph, London, archived from the original on 2018-11-09:

Denying he [David Cameron] was a "closet Brexiteer", as his former aide Steve Hilton has claimed, the PM told reporters: "I withdraw absolutely nothing I've previously said. Britain is an amazing country. We can find our way whatever the British people choose.

2016 May 27, “David Cameron: I am not a closet Brexiteer”, in The Herald, Glasgow:

A leading Tory Brexiteer has insisted quitting the EU does not mean the numbers of people coming to Britain will be slashed – and claimed Vote Leave never said it would.

2016 June 25, Tim Sculthorpe, “Tory Brexiteer Dan Hannan insists quitting the EU does NOT mean dramatic cuts to the number of immigrants coming to Britain”, in Daily Mail, London, archived from the original on 2016-06-26:

For Brexiteers in the UK, a free trade deal with the US was one of several promises made before and after the 2016 referendum that have failed to come to fruition.

2023 July 8, Jo Harper, “UK-US: What's happened to their free trade deal?”, in dw.com:

[Margaret] Thatcher was no Brexiteer. She was a strong supporter of the Single Market and thought that the [Channel] tunnel would help cement it.

2023 December 27, Christian Wolmar, “Hope springs eternal for greater use of the Channel Tunnel”, in RAIL, number 999, page 26:

(UK politics) Someone who supports Brexit, the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union.


Swiss Guard

One of the Swiss soldiers who have served as guards at foreign European courts since the late 15th century.


fall of the wall

(history) The deconstruction of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and 1990.


Romanianization

The series of policies aimed toward ethnic assimilation implemented by the Romanian authorities during the 20th century.


Watford

en-proper noun

Watford (countable and uncountable, plural Watfords)

From either Old English wæt (“wet”) or wāþ (“hunting, chase”) + ford (“ford”).

West Northamptonshire
West Northamptonshire#English

A village and civil parish in West Northamptonshire, Northamptonshire, England, previously in Daventry district (OS grid ref SP6068).


EUSSR

ЕСССР

European Union — see also EU, European Union


Sachertorte

en-noun

Sachertorte (plural Sachertortes or Sachertorten)

Sachertortes (plural)
Sachertorten (plural)

/ˈsɑkɚˌtɔɹt/

/ ˈzɑkɚˌtɔɹt/

From German Sachertorte, from Sacher + Torte (“cake”), named after Austrian confectioner Franz Sacher (1816–1907), who invented it in 1832.

named-after

confectioner's sugar
confectioner's sugar

A torte made of butter, eggs, confectioner's sugar, toasted breadcrumbs, spices, and chocolate, which is baked in layers, put together with apricot jam and finally frosted with chocolate.


aspet

Transliteration of Old Armenian ասպետ (aspet).

translit

Armenian hereditary title borne by the members of the Bagratuni (Bagratid) family.


Cheshire cheese

en-noun

Cheshire cheese (countable and uncountable, plural Cheshire cheeses)

Would not he believe that he had the same Antipathy to a Candied Orange, or a Piece of Puff-Past, as some have to a Cheshire Cheese, or a Breast of Mutton?

1711, Sir Richard Steele, Joseph Addison, The Lucubrations of Isaac Bickerstaff, Esq., volume 4, John Nutt:

Cheshire cheeses, on account of their great size, are generally packed flat, and in a single tier only.

1901 February 16, “Liability of railway companies under special conditions attaching to carriage of goods at reduced rates”, in The Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal, volume 35, J. Falconer, page 80:

Cheshire cheese had been sent to London from as early as the sixteenth century.

1966, Stella Davies, Living Through the Industrial Revolution, published 2013:

A dense and crumbly cheese produced in the English county of Cheshire.


Welshery

“I have no Welsh, sir,” said she.
“How is that?” said I; “this village is I think in the Welshery.”


Clactonian

Of or from Clacton (especially from Clacton-on-Sea)


Welsh cake

A traditional sweet griddle-baked Welsh flatbread with dried fruit and sometimes spices.


Remainiac

Though no Remainiac, I will vote in.

2016 June 11, Rachel Johnson, “RACHEL JOHNSON: Just stop picking on my big brother! (But, sorry Boris, I'm still voting In)”, in The Daily Mail:

Nevertheless, given that my proxy vote is safely secured back in Blighty, an international festival for creativity provides perfect context to ask the question, 'If the EU referendum were a competition in branding, which camp would win?’ Who gets your branding vote, Brexiteer or Remainiac?

2016 June 23, Greg Taylor, “If the EU referendum were a competition in branding, which side would win?”, in The Drum:

2017 August 2, Chris Campbell, “What was the point? Ferrari slates Remainiac in Brexit row for trying to ruin the Proms”, in Daily Express:

Together, they’ve conquered Middle England and seen of the Remainiacs.

2017 August 14, Julia Rampen, “5 unmissable Nigel Farage scenes from Bad Boys of Brexit: The Movie”, in New Statesman:

(UK politics, slang, neologism) One who opposes the idea of Brexit and wishes the United Kingdom to remain a member of the European Union.


elderate

From elder + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, here the concrete charge of it), a calque of Lithuanian seniūnija.

af

(rare) The smallest administrative unit in Lithuania, equivalent to a ward.


Bellefontaine

Borrowed from French Bellefontaine (literally “beautiful fountain”).

bor

Any of several communes in different areas of France (including Martinique).


FRG

Federal Republic of Germany
Federal Republic of Germany#English

Initialism of Federal Republic of Germany.


thunder cross

The swastika, especially in Latvian contexts.


Romanoff

Transliteration of Russian Рома́нов (Románov). From Рома́н (Román), from Romance Roman, from Latin Roma (“Rome”), possibly from a name for river (referring to the Tiber).

transliteration

An aristocratic house that formed a ruling dynasty of Russia


olomoucine

From Olomouc + -ine. Named after the city where it was discovered.

An inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase, derived from purine, used in oncology


Hibernocentric

en-adj

Hibernocentric (comparative more Hibernocentric, superlative most Hibernocentric)

more Hibernocentric (comparative)
most Hibernocentric (superlative)


Scotocentric

Scotocentric (comparative more Scotocentric, superlative most Scotocentric)

more Scotocentric (comparative)
most Scotocentric (superlative)


Scoto-

From Latin Scoto-, from Scotus (“Scottish; a Scot”).

The Scoto-Norse originated in Viking colonies established in Scotland and its surrounding islands.

A combining form relating to Scotland or Scottish people.

(historical) A combining form relating to the Scotti of medieval Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.


Loyalist

Patriot

antonym(s) of “person during the American Revolution”

republican

antonym(s) of “supporter of Irish unification”

(US, Canada, historical) A person from the 13 Colonies (of British North America from the eastern seaboard of mainland North America) who was in favor of remaining in the British Empire during the American Revolution.


Brexiter

/ˈbɹɛɡzɪtə(ɹ)/

2016 February 20, Timothy Garton Ash, “Here’s how to argue with a Brexiter – and win”, in The Guardian, title:

Trump and the Tory Brexiters are cut from the same cloth.

2016 March 2, Deborah Orr, “What do Trump and Brexiters have in common? A disregard for all but themselves”, in The Guardian:

The proposal, made ahead of Thursday's crucial vote on Britain's continued EU membership, is designed to deflect accusations that Brexiters - as supporters of Britain's exit from the EU are popularly known - have used crude anti-immigrant and racist slogans to pollute the political debate during the EU referendum campaign and may have even indirectly inspired last week's murder of Mrs Jo Cox, a local opposition MP and fervent migration defender.

2016 June 21, Jonathan Eyal, “Brexiter's call for amnesty for illegals seen as a gimmick”, in The Straits Times:


11 Downing Street

(UK politics) The address of the residence in London of the Chancellor of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom.

(UK politics, by extension, idiomatic) HM Treasury of the United Kingdom.


Lexit

And that is why – if indeed much of the left decides on Lexit – it must run its own separate campaign and try and win ownership of the issue.

2015 July 14, Owen Jones, “The left must put Britain's EU withdrawal on the agenda”, in The Guardian:

Others on the left call for a populist campaign for a “Lexit” – a leftwing exit from the EU.

2015 October 5, Mark Leonard, “What would a UK outside the EU look like?”, in The Guardian:

There is a push from the left in the UK for a ‘Lexit’ – a move away from the neo-liberal EU which stomped on an anti-austerity peoples’ movement in Greece and failed to respond to the refugee crisis.

2016 June 22, Ewa Jasiewicz, “Why I’m in: Pushing for Lexit won’t help migrants or the working class”, in The Independent:

Exasperated by the EU’s mixture of authoritarianism and economic failure, a segment of Europe’s left is now calling for a “break with the EU,” which would mobilize left-wing support for exit referenda across the continent. Their analysis has come to be known simply as “Lexit.”

2016 September 5, Yanis Varoufakis, “Europe’s Left after Brexit”, in Jacobin:

Popular Unity contested the general election that followed in September on a programme for a left exit – Lexit – from the euro but, falling 7,600 votes short of the 3% threshold to win representation, ended up with no seats.

2019 February 14, Clive Heemskerk, “Lexit is not enough”, in Socialism Today:

(politics) A leftist exit from the European Union.


Vardar

Departure from Salonica is at 7.10 a.m., and the train heads west over the dreary plain and crosses the Vardar, called in modern Greek the Axios, near the station of that name.

1951 November, 'Pausanias', “To Greece by the "Simplon-Orient Express"”, in Railway Magazine, page 731:

A river in Europe, which arises in the Republic of North Macedonia, and flows to the Aegean Sea in Greece.


Principality of Wales

The official name of Wales prior to England's union with Wales in 1542.


Fixit

In a statement on his official website, Vayrynen suggests that a Greek exit from the Eurozone would be an opportunity for Finland to 'Fixit' and potentially leave the EU common currency.

2015 June 24, “EU Decay: Grexit Paving the Way for a Brexit, Frexit and Fixit”, in Sputnik International:

We've heard of a "Grexit" and "Brexit" to refer respectively to the threat of Greece and Britain leaving the euro zone and European Union. But now there's a "Fixit" – a Finnish exit of the single currency.

2015 November 18, Holly Ellyatt, “A 'Fixit'? Finland to debate leaving the euro zone”, in CNBC:

Terho declined to say whether the Finns party would propose a "Fixit"-vote after Britons opted last week for "Brexit", but said it should be one of the main issues of the 2019 elections. "If the people back it, then we should have a vote if we'll stay or leave."

2016 June 27, “Finnish euroskeptics start talk of possible 'Fixit' vote”, in Reuters:

The (possible) act of Finland leaving the European Union.


Regrexit

Blend of regret + Brexit, said to have been coined on 24 June 2016 by one Carl Gardner in a Twitter post (see quotations) following the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum on 23 June 2016.

Labour has one chance now. To emerge within weeks as Britain's centrist "Regrexit Unionist" party. If it did that, even I might forgive it.

2016 June 24, Carl Gardner (@carlgardner), Twitter, archived from the original on 2016-11-02:

There are leave voters who confessed to reporters that they never thought their side would actually win, that their vote had only ever been intended as a protest, presumed to be safe because surely everyone else would vote the other way. […] A Twitter user came up with a new coinage for this rapid form of buyer's remorse: Regrexit. […] When some of those leave voters see that Brexit has not brought back the good jobs of old, that housing is still in desperately short supply and that a migrant family still lives round the corner, the Regrexit sentiment will grow.

2016 June 24, Jonathan Freedland, “For the 48%, this was a day of despair: Soon we will become little Britain. The signs of Regrexit are cold comfort for those of us who voted to remain.”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2016-09-13, subtitle:

From reports, the UK is moving rapidly from Brexit to Regrexit.

2016 June 26, Abhidevananda <abhide...@sarkarverse.org>, “Re: Brexit”, in uk.philosophy.humanism (Usenet), message-ID <t9ybz.34812$LR2.4319@fx26.fr7>:

In the spirit of Brexit, these attitudes even have their own media-friendly nickname: Bregret or Regrexit.

2016 June 27, Adam Taylor, “Bregret? Regrexit? Don't bet on it.”, in The Washington Post, archived from the original on 2016-10-06:

There were many reasons for the Leave vote, and Regrexit is now gaining momentum.

2016 June 29, Anna Wallis, “Brexit lessons here”, in Wanganui Chronicle:

Within a few days, petitions to re-do the vote emerged with more than four million signatures, known as 'Regrexit.'

2017, Markus M.L. Crepaz, European Democracies, Routledge, →ISBN:

There's a chance, especially with the 'Regrexit' sentiment surfacing, that the U.K. will still be part of the EU in two years.

2018, Victor O. Okocha, Leadership and Development Crises in Africa: A New Approach to an Old Challenge, Dorrance Publishing, →ISBN, page 234:

(UK politics) A feeling of regret about Brexit taking place, or about having voted for it.


Russian White House

From being a building in Russia having a white exterior. From Russian Белый дом (Belyj dom, “White House”)

uder

The primary government building of the Russian Federation, located in Moscow, also housing the Office of the Prime Minister of Russia.


Tao

(historical) a historical region of Georgia (country)


Banat

From or equivalent to banat, banate, the territory of a ban (“leader”).

(historical) A geographical region of Central Europe, now spread over three countries: an eastern, greater part in Romania, a western part in Serbia (mostly in Vojvodina) and a small northwestern part in Hungary.


Nexit

Blend of Netherlands + exit, formed by analogy with Grexit and Brexit.

Those who disagree must work to convince voters that Nexit would be a disaster.

2014 February 15, “We need to talk about Europe”, in The Economist:

Geert Wilders, the leader of the Dutch anti-immigrant party, the PVV, tweeted that the Netherlands will quit the euro after Greece does: “No = Grexit. After that Nexit”.

2015 July 5, Andrew Rettman, “Far-left and far-right welcome Greek No”, in EUobserver:

Most recent polls suggest a slight majority of voters oppose the idea of an in-out Nexit vote.

2016 July 7, Anna Holligan, “Will Dutch follow Brexit with Nexit or stick to EU?”, in BBC News:

The proposed withdrawal of the Netherlands from the European Union.

Dutch withdrawal from the European Union


November Criminals

(historical, derogatory, among German nationalists) The German government leaders who signed the Armistice of 11 November 1918.


Yugo-

From Yugoslavia; compare Afro-, Sino-, Turko-.

Pertaining to Yugoslavia or the Yugoslavs.


Croato-

From Croatia or Croat + -o-; compare Afro-, Sino-, Turko-.

Тhe juxtaposition of the Croato-Glagolitic material with that of manuscripts written in more easterly areas shows that […]

1998, Byzantinoslavica, volume 59, number 2, page 384:

Pertaining to Croatia, Croatian or the Croats.


BiH

An abbreviation of Serbo-Croatian Bosna i Hercegovina.

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina


Denmark-Norway

(historical) A former political entity consisting of the united kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, including overseas Norwegian dependencies of Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands.

Daniayi ew Norvegiayi miacʻyal tʻagavorutʻyun

Դանիայի և Նորվեգիայի միացյալ թագավորություն


Northern Norway

the geographical area of Norway consisting of the northernmost counties of Nordland, Troms and Finnmark.


estadal

From Spanish estadal, from estado + -al, from Latin stātus (“state, status, standing”). Doublet of state, status, and estado.

der

(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of length, equivalent to about 3.3 m.

(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of area, equivalent to about 11.2 m².


kosovorotka

Borrowed from Russian косоворо́тка (kosovorótka).

bor

косоворо́тка

A traditional Russian skewed-collared shirt for men.

Kossoworotka

руба́шка f (rubáška) (now means any shirt)


Ciarraige

Borrowed from Middle Irish Ciarraige, meaning "the people of Ciar".

Any of several medieval tribes in Ireland


Kosov@

Blend of Kosova (Albanian form) + Kosovo (Slavic form), with the final a/o replaced with @, which resembles both letters. Compare similar usage of @ in Spanish.

blend

near Prizren in Kosov@

2001, Antonia Young, Women Who Become Men: Albanian Sworn Virgins, page 62:

At that time Shkoder was a centre of intellectual life whose writers interacted constantly with those of Prizren in Kosov@, than with the rest of Albania […]

2006, Altin Ilirjani, Arolda Elbasani, Ridvan Peshkopia, Albanian Journal of Politics, page 63:


Danophile

(rare) Someone who loves Denmark and its culture.


Hungarophile

Tyler was a Hungarophile in whom Teleki and Horthy had implicit trust, even to the extent of letting him in on certain confidential decisions and secret plans.

2004, András Bán, translated by Tim Wilkinson, Hungarian-British Diplomacy 1938–1941: The Attempt to Maintain Relations, London, Portland, Oregon: Frank Cass, →ISBN, part I, chapter 3, page 36:

One who loves Hungary, the Hungarian people or Hungarian culture.


Hungarophile

en-adj

Hungarophile (comparative more Hungarophile, superlative most Hungarophile)

more Hungarophile (comparative)
most Hungarophile (superlative)

The accession of a new administration in Paris, replacing Poincaré and Clemenceau in January 1920, under president Paul Deschanel and Prime Minister Alexandre Millerand who was also Foreign Minister, inaugurated a Hungarophile phase in French foreign policy.

2006, Miklós Lojkó, Meddling in Middle Europe: Britain and the 'Lands Between', 1919–1925, Budapest: Central European University Press, →ISBN, part I, chapter 1.2, page 24:

Loving Hungary, the Hungarian people or Hungarian culture.


Grand Duchy of Lithuania

the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (canonical)

(historical) A former European state from the 13th century until 1795, encompassing the territory of modern-day Lithuania and Belarus, a large part of Ukraine, and small parts of Russia and Poland

Storfyrstendømmet Litauen

definite form. The indefinite form is not used.


Irish hint

I gave the salesman an Irish hint that he wasn't welcome by slamming the door in his face.

(colloquial) A very clear and unsubtle indication.


Richmond upon Thames

London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
Richmond, London

The full name of Richmond in south-west London, England, also known as Richmond on Thames.


Hammersmith and Fulham

A London borough of Greater London, England.

London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham


Wandsworth

Partly derived from the River Wandle, which flows through the town and into the Thames.

A town in southwest London, England, on the south side of the River Thames.


Hounslow

London Borough of Hounslow
Richard Hounslow

A town in western Greater London, England.


Havering

A London borough on the east side of Greater London.


Hillingdon

A London borough on the west side of Greater London.

A suburban area in Greater London, within the same borough (OS grid ref TQ0783).


Waltham Forest

A London borough in northeastern Greater London, which comprises Chingford, Leyton and Walthamstow.


Tower Hamlets

A London borough in the East End, Greater London.


Haringey

Variant of Harringay. First recorded in 1864. Doublet of Hornsey.

A London borough in northern Greater London.


Newham

An industrial suburb of Truro, Cornwall, England, located on the Truro River (OS grid ref SW8343).

A London borough in eastern Greater London, England, comprising East Ham and West Ham.

A hamlet in Ellingham parish, Northumberland, England (OS grid ref NU1728).

A small town in the Shire of Macedon Ranges, Victoria, Australia.


Redbridge

Nipissing District
Nipissing District#English

A community in Nipissing District, Ontario, Canada.


Harrow

From Old English hearg (“altar; grove, temple”), from Proto-Germanic *harugaz.

inh

Harrow School
Harrow, London
London Borough of Harrow

A town in northwestern Greater London, England.

A prestigious public school for boys in the town of Harrow.


Harrow

A surname originating as an occupation for a harrower.


Bexley

From Old English byxe (“box tree”) + leah (“wood”), equivalent to box + -ley (“lea”).

An unincorporated community in George County, Mississippi, United States.


Norse-Gaelic

The names MacLeod, Doyle, MacAskill and MacIvor are of Norse-Gaelic descent.

Pertaining to the Viking raiders who settled Ireland and western Scotland and assimilated into the local Gaelic culture


Mantineia

(historical) A city in ancient Arcadia, Greece that was the site of two significant battles in Classical Greek history.


Sloveno-

From Slovene + -o-; compare Afro-, Sino-, Turko-.


Bulgaro-

From Bulgaria or Bulgar + -o-; compare Afro-, Sino-, Turko-.

Pertaining to Bulgaria, Bulgarians or the Bulgarian language.


Polono-

From Latin Polonia, on the model of Anglo-, Franco-, Sino- etc.


Dano-

From the root of Dane or Dania + -o-; compare Afro-, Sino-, Turko-.

Pertaining to Denmark, Danish or the Danes.


Helveto-

From Helvetia + -o-; compare Afro-, Sino-, Turko-.


Norvego-

From Latin Norvegia, on the model of Anglo-, Franco-, Sino- etc.


Teuto-

From Teuton + -o-; compare Afro-, Sino-, Turko-.

The originally Teutophilic narrative veers decidedly in a new direction when an entry from a Francophilic 'American correspondent,' whose language is incongruently lush and hyperbolic, depicts Germans using tactics and combat procedures ...

2005, Charles E. Gannon, Rumors of War and Infernal Machines: Technomilitary Agenda-setting in American and British Speculative Fiction, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 30:


Abbot's Priory

After Charles Abbott, Lord Chief Justice from 1818 to 1832.

[…] after this lady’s retirement to enjoy the otium cum dignitate [leisure with dignity] in Abbot’s Priory, she was visited by a gentleman who had previously and subsequently rendered her the most unequivocal and disinterested assistance, by frequent pecuniary supplies.

1822, Benchiana; or, Sketches of Life and Character in St. George’s Fields […], page 18:

Upon inquiring after George Charteris, Esq. he finds that he has bolted from Palace-yard, and taken refuge in “Abbot’s Priory;” and, to comfort him, the person who has received the 200l. bill, informs him “that Charteris is a notorious swindler.”

1824, “An Accommodating Customer ‘Queered’”, in The Spirit of the Public Journals, for the Year M.DCCC.XXIII […], page 65:

Ned and Tom were soon outside of the King’s Bench, (or Abbot’s Priory, as it was called by the prisoners,) they had not walked far before they fell in with Little Kiam […]

1825, The Dialogists; or, the Circuit of Banco Regis, page 93:

(obsolete, British slang, idiomatic) King's Bench Prison, a former prison in the south of London.


Harlow

From Old English hær (“rock”) or here (“army”) + hlæw (“hill”).

A town and local government district of Essex, England.

A habitational surname transferred from the place name.

A unisex given name transferred from the surname.


Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes

administrative region
administrative region

An administrative region of France, created in 2016 by the merger of Auvergne and Rhône-Alpes. Seat: Lyon.


Oresund Bridge

/ˌɜːsʊnd ˈbɹɪdʒ/

/ˌɜ˞sʊnd ˈbɹɪdʒ/

From Oresund + bridge, a calque of the Danish Øresundsbroen and the Swedish Öresundsbron.

A road–rail bridge across Oresund between Sweden and Denmark.


Oresund

Borrowed from Danish Øresund, Swedish Öresund, from Old Norse Eyrarsund.

A strait in Northern Europe, which separates Denmark and Sweden.


Øresund

Borrowed from Danish Øresund, see there.

Alternative form of Oresund, a strait between Denmark and Sweden.


Welshie

(slang, sometimes derogatory) Alternative spelling of Welshy


British Antarctic Territory

South Orkney Islands
South Orkney Islands

South Shetland Islands
South Shetland Islands

An overseas territory in the Antarctic administered by the United Kingdom, and also including the South Orkney Islands and South Shetland Islands.

الْمُقَاطَعَة الْبِرِيطَانِيَّة باَلْقَارَّة الْقُطْبِيَّة الْجَنُوبِيَّة

イギリス領南極地域

イギリスりょうなんきょくちいき


SERA

Single European Railway Area
w:Single European Railway Area

(European Union, railways) Acronym of Single European Railway Area.


Rhodanian

An adaptation of the French rhodanien, Rhodanien with the suffix -ian.

[Léon Perrier's] regional statism crystallized […] the decades-old conflicts among constituencies in the Rhône valley, and between Parisians and Rhodanians.

2011, Sara B. Pritchard, “Envisioning a New Rhône”, in Confluence: The Nature of Technology and the Remaking of the Rhône, Cambridge, Mass., London: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 66:

[S]ome communities along the lower Rhône complained that the BRL’s project allowed inland residents to receive “their” water, a grievance that echoed Rhodanians’ objections in the late nineteenth century, when Parisians and northern industrialists had sought access to Rhône-produced electricity.

Ibidem, “Rethinking the Nation”, page 179


Hauts-de-France

An administrative region of France, created in 2016 by the merger of Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Picardy.


andarte

Myers now learned of the proximity of another andarte leader, known as Aris Veloukhiotis, but Aris did not even answer the messages Myers sent him […].

1975, Henry Maule, Scobie, Hero of Greece, page 18:

‘Many of the andartes on the mainland are women,’ said Corelli, ‘and many of the partisans in Yugoslavia.’

1994, Louis de Bernières, Captain Corelli's Mandolin, Minerva, published 1995, page 351:

Thus andarte-controlled territory or ‘free Greece’ became divided from German- or Italian-controlled territory, which steadily dwindled from the second half of 1942, and by mid-1943 was reduced to the plains.

1995, David H Close, The Origins of the Greek Civil War, Routledge, published 2013, page 74:

A Greek guerrilla fighter, especially as part of the Resistance during the Second World War.


see Naples and die

Calque of Italian vedi Napoli e poi muori, popularized by a 3 March 1787 letter by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe published in his 1816–1817 Italienische Reise. Unknown further derivation, although probably originally in reference to its relative wealth and prosperity as the capital of the Kingdom of Naples in addition to its famous scenery. Compare the various Chinese idioms beginning 生在蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu)... praising the surpassing beauty of Suzhou's residents, Hangzhou's scenery, Guangzhou's cuisine, and Liuzhou's coffins and tombs.

cal

I won't say another word about the beauties of the city and its situation, which have been described and praised so often. As they say here, "Vedi Napoli e poi muori!" "See Naples and die!"

1962, Wystan Hugh Auden & al. translating Johann Wolfgang von Goethe as Italian Journey, Pt. 2, letter of 3 March 1787 from Naples, p. 180

One can die at peace after having seen Naples, Italy, nothing else on Earth surpassing its beauty.

Italian Journey
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe


Elymi

(historical) native tribe of Sicily that resided in western Sicily


Manchesterism

(historical) A sociopolitical and economic movement of the 19th century that originated in Manchester, England, and argued that free trade would lead to a more equitable society, making essential products available to all.


cafiso

From Italian cafiso, from Sicilian cafisu, from Arabic قَفِيز (qafīz), from Aramaic קְפִיזָא and Classical Syriac ܩܦܝܙܐ (qəp̄īzā), of uncertain derivation from Egyptian, Akkadian, and similar units.

der

Aramaic קְפִיזָא

Alternative form of qafiz (particularly in Italian contexts)


tartanry

kitsch elements of Scottish culture, emphasized by the tourist industry


Western Norway

Møre og Romsdal
Møre og Romsdal#Norwegian_Bokmål

Sogn og Fjordane
Sogn og Fjordane#Norwegian_Bokmål

a region comprising four counties - Hordaland, Møre og Romsdal, Rogaland, and Sogn og Fjordane, named Vestlandet in Norwegian.


cosmism

(historical) A philosophical and cultural movement in Russia in the early 20th century, combining elements of religion and ethics with a history of the origin, evolution and future of the cosmos and humankind.


Brexodus

2016 June 29, Bloomberg, “Vodafone mulls London HQ move in Brexodus”, in Irish TImes:

2016 July 2, Márton Hoványi, Ádám Sághy, “Brexit or Brexodus. The theological evaluation of the Brexit”, in Shekinah Research Institute for Theology - Kötőszó, archived from the original on 2021-01-31:

Brexodus fears: Banks may leave London after the vote, it was claimed

2016 October 11, Nicholas Cecil, Pippa Crerar, “Fears grow of bank Brexodus from the City as pound slumps”, in Evening Standard:

So the Brexodus will also include skilled locals, who know they too are better off working in an environment that provides them with opportunities rather than constraints.

2016 November 10, Timothy Devinney, “Brexodus: the world’s highly skilled have options other than the UK”, in TES:

2017 August 7, Lucy McNulty, “City of London urges government to stop Brexodus”, in Financial Times:

(UK politics) The departure of people or companies from the UK due to Brexit.


hetmanate

From hetman + -ate (forms denoting rank or office, the concrete charge of it).

af

Government by a hetman, or the territory thereby governed.


reisedaler

Reisedaler. The name given to a silver coin issued by Frederick V of Denmark in 1749, and specially struck for Norway. It had a value of six Marks and appears to have been made of native silver.

1917, Albert Romer Frey, A Dictionary of Numismatic Names:

Denmark's currency during the eighteenth century is somewhat involved. The speciedalers and reisedalers were the equivalent of 6 marks; the krone of 4 marks.

1948, The Numismatist, volume 61, page 572:

There were many other German and Scandinavian versions of the rix-dollar, rijksdaalder, reisedaler, or reichstaler rendering the definition of this coin very imprecise.

1993, Numismatic Studies, volume 20, page 65:

(historical) A coin of Denmark first minted in 1749.


Soviet Reunion

For those in the Duma who wish to focus the country's energies on building a strong military in a strong state and who press for Soviet Reunion, however, enlargement can be a welcome ally.

1999, Charles-Philippe David and Jacques Lévesque, editors, The Future of NATO: Enlargement, Russia, and European Security, →ISBN, page 45:

“And that’s just America. There’s Canada and Europe and the Soviet Reunion—” The Soviet Reunion? Miley thought. Boy, someone wasn’t paying attention during Mr. Lambert’s history class.

2008, M. C. King, Hannah Montana #11: Sweet Revenge, →ISBN, page 51:

Indeed, the Georgian war antagonised not only the West, but also China, which has a vital strategic interest in maintaining the post-Cold War geo-strategic settlement. China, after all, has no desire to see a "Soviet Reunion" on its border.

2008 December 16, Nina Khrushcheva, “Putin not so funny without Bush”, in Brisbane Times:

(rare, chiefly humorous) The hypothetical reestablishment of the Soviet Union.


Weimarization

tlb

(American spelling, Oxford British English)

From Weimar (city in Thuringia, Germany) + -ization. On 11 August 1919, the national assembly of the German state met in Weimar to adopt a new constitution (the Weimar Constitution), leading to the formation of the Weimar Republic which proved to be a time of economic and political upheaval.

suf

In a last frantic move, the Peronist government again turned to a stringent stabilization plan (i.e. another 100 per cent peso devaluation, 90 per cent increases in publicly-controlled prices, coupled with a meagre 20 per cent increase in nominal wages). […] Some idea of this incredibly rapid ‘Weimarization’ of Argentine politics can be gleaned from an extrapolation of the first quarter’s inflation to a 3,000 per cent annual rate. Using the March figure, the same calculation yields a fantastic 17,000 per cent annual rate.

1985, William C. Smith, “Reflections on the Political Economy of Authoritarian Rule and Capitalist Reorganization in Contemporary Argentina”, in Philip O’Brien, Paul Cammack, editors, Generals in Retreat: The Crisis of Military Rule in Latin America, Manchester, Dover, N.H.: Manchester University Press, →ISBN, page 47:

Politicians have several times warned that there could be a "Weimarisation" of the postsocialist region, including Hungary. It should be remembered that it was mass unemployment and waves of inflation in Weimar Germany that led to mass disillusionment and rejection of the institutions of democracy and the parliamentary system. This economically-induced disillusionment provides a fertile breeding ground for demagogy, cheap promises and desires for iron-handed leadership.

1995, János Kornai, “Transformational Recession: The Example of Hungary”, in Christopher T[homas] Saunders, editor, Eastern Europe in Crisis and the Way Out (European Economic Interaction and Integration; 15), Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan Press in association with the Vienna Institute for Comparative Economic Studies, →ISBN, page 58; republished [London]: Macmillan in association with Palgrave Macmillan, 2014, →DOI, →ISBN, part I (Stabilisation Policies Assessed), page 58:

If the strength of this discontent reaches a certain threshold, that could bring dangers to the new Hungarian democracy … we have to defend ourselves from Weimarisation in the political and ideological spheres … we also need to draw the necessary conclusions in economic policy.

1998, László Andor, Martin Summers, Market Failure: A Guide to the East European “Economic Miracle”, London: Pluto Press, →ISBN, page 146:

On the one hand, it was feared that right-wing conservatism could go to extremes by admitting racism into government offices, threatening a scenario of Weimarization; on the other, the revival and in certain cases the return of postcommunist parties represented a threat of restoration.

2000, László Andor, “Transition Politics: Running the New Democracy”, in Hungary on the Road to the European Union: Transition in Blue, Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers, Greenwood Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 57:

There has been a kind of Weimarization of the American working class, and there's a terrible instability in the middle class.

2008 January, Chris Hedges, “A Conversation with Chris Hedges”, in American Fascists: The Christian Right and the War on America, trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Free Press, →ISBN, page 266:

The ‘Weimarisation of Europe’ staged in the German and international press seems to correspond to a simultaneous affirmation that all European citizens are members of the same community, ‘in precisely the same way [as] the modern bourgeoisie [sees] its non-earning members’ […].

2015, Giulia Palladini, “The Weimar Republic and Its Return: Unemployment, Revolution, or Europe in a State of Schuld”, in Marilena Zaroulia, Philip Hager, editors, Performances of Capitalism, Crises and Resistance: Inside/Outside Europe, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, part I (Returns):

(politics) A state of economic crisis leading to political upheaval and extremism.


Haymarket

Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne#English

Any of various placenames, particularly a street in the City of Westminster, London, and the Theatre Royal Haymarket in that street.

An inner city area of Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England (OS grid ref NZ2464).

An inner city area of Edinburgh, Scotland (OS grid ref NT2473).

Prince William County
Prince William County#English

A town in Prince William County, Virginia.

An inner suburb of the City of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.


Scotch verdict

From its use in the Scottish legal system.

(Scots law, criminal law, dated) A verdict of "not proven".

Scots law; criminal law; Scots law; criminal law


Euromanga

Comics created in Europe in the style of Japanese comics (manga).


Federal Intelligence Service

the Federal Intelligence Service (canonical)

The foreign intelligence agency of Germany.

germaniis dazvervis pederaluri samsaxuri

გერმანიის დაზვერვის ფედერალური სამსახური

The Federal Intelligence Services of Switzerland (the collective term for its agencies).

Nachrichtendienst des Bundes

Swiss intelligence community collectively


Lepontii

The Lepontii, an Alpine Celtic tribe, who dwelt in the valleys of the south side of the Alps, in roughly Switzerland.


lishenets

en-noun

lishenets (plural lishenets or lishentsy or lishentsi)

lishenets (plural)
lishentsy (plural)
lishentsi (plural)

Borrowed from Russian лише́нец (lišénec).

(historical, Soviet Union) A person deprived of the right to vote in the Soviet Union of 1918–1936, having been classed as an enemy of the working people.

лише́нец

(historical, Soviet Union) a person deprived of the right to vote in the Soviet Union of 1918–1936, having been classed as an enemy of the working people


Cologner

A native, resident, or inhabitant of Cologne


Upper Franconian

The North Upper German area (Nordoberdeutsch) is like a wedge pushing the Middle German area northwards. It includes the two High or Upper Franconian (Hochfränkisch, Oberfränkisch) dialects known as South Franconian and East Franconian (Südfränkisch; Ostfränkisch) as well as the dialect of North Bavarian (Nordbairisch).

1983, C.A.M. Noble, Modern German Dialects, page 59f:

one of four main subgroups of the Upper German dialects; spoken in the region of Franconia in northern Bavaria as well as some adjacent parts of Germany


Svatý Kopeček

A historical town, now a district in the city of Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Сваты Копечек m Свати Копечек m Святой Копечек


French flap

The one format no one ever forgets is known as "French flaps", a paperback edition with folded flyleafs. It is attractive, but so expensive it is almost never approved.

2005 February 13, Nicholas Blincoe, The Telegraph:

That same text also appeared in a “couture inspired” jacket, complete with deckle edges and French flaps to use as bookmarks.

2013 February 13, Janine Barchas, The New York Times:

(chiefly in plural) A publishing format of a paperback book with folded flyleaves, or either of the two flyleaves so folded.


Theodosian

en-adj

Theodosian (comparative more Theodosian, superlative most Theodosian)

more Theodosian (comparative)
most Theodosian (superlative)

Of or relating to the Theodosian dynasty of the Roman Empire


Lower Austria

The northeasternmost state of Austria, with its capital in Sankt Pölten.


Upper Austria

A state of Austria, with its capital in Linz.


Olmütz

Olmütz is said to occupy the site of a Roman fort founded in the imperial period, the original name of which, Mons Julii, has been gradually corrupted to the present form.

1911, “Olmütz”, in The Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th edition, volume 20, page 91:

Obsolete form of Olomouc. (City in Moravia, now in the Czech Republic.)


Olmutz

From German Olmütz, which is from Czech Olomouc.

Moravia was only defended by a feeble corps. General Wille, who commanded there, threw his infantry into the garrison of Olmutz, and retreated with his cavalry to Brunn. Olmutz was besieged as soon as the cannon arrived.

1789, The Life of Frederick the Second, King of Prussia, translation of Vie de Frédéric II, roi de Prusse, accompagnée de remarques, pièces justificatives, et d’un grand nombre d’anecdotes dont la plupart n’ont point encore été publiées by Jean-Charles Laveaux, page 171:


Heiligenberg

The morning of the 22d, this reënforcement was thrown into Olmutz between Lodenitz and Heiligenberg. General Saint-Ignon, in order to draw off the attention of the Prussians, appeared as far as Gros-Teinitz.

1865, Samuel Beckley Holabird, Treatise on Grand Military Operations, Or, A Critical and Military History of the Wars of Frederick the Great, as Contrasted with the Modern System, volume 1, translation of original by D. Van Nostrand, page 343:

(obsolete) Synonym of Svatý Kopeček, a historical former town in the Czech Republic, nowadays an area of the city of Olomouc.


European Council

an institution of the European Union (EU) charged with defining the EU's overall political direction and priorities, that comprises the heads of state or government of the member states, along with the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission


Council of Europe

An international organisation focused on protecting human rights, democracy, rule of law in Europe, with headquarters in Strasbourg, France.

مَجْلِس أُورُوبَا

an international organisation — see also CoE


Černovír

William Čoka, b. Černovír, Moravia, R.C. priest came to US in 1871 and took charge of St. Nepomucene Parish in Chicago.

2016, Miloslav Rechcigl, Encyclopedia of Bohemian and Czech-American Biography, volume 1, Bloomington: AuthorHouse, page 245:

A former village, nowadays an area of the city of Olomouc, Czech Republic.

A former village, nowadays an area of the city of Ústí nad Orlicí, Czech Republic.


Italian peninsula

Italian Peninsula
Italian Peninsula#English

Alternative letter-case form of Italian Peninsula


cantonist

Borrowed from Russian кантонист (kantonist).

(historical) A young boy in the Russian Empire who was taken to a special school to be trained for future compulsory military service.


Olomouc District

The Olomouc District is situated in Central Moravia.

2011, “Olomouc”, in Czech Republic Export-Import and Business Directory, volume 1, Washington, D. C.: International Business Publications, page 69:

A district of the Czech Republic. Capital: Olomouc


Olomouc Region

Following the detected deficiencies in managing geodata on public transport network in the Olomouc Region, potential solutions of the situation were analysed.

2014, Lenka Zajíčková, “Mobile Application for Acquiring Geodata on Public Transport Network”, in Igor Ivan et al., editors, Geoinformatics for Intelligent Transportation, Cham: Springer International Publishing, →ISBN, page 257:

A region of the Czech Republic. Capital: Olomouc


Neředín

[…] the tropical setting and palms were replaced with decorations of a Northern landscape and greenery, reminding the audience of the apricot trees in the nearby village of Neředín.

2015, Jiří Kopecký, Lenka Křupková, Provincional Theater and Its Opera: German Opera Scene in Olomouc, 1770–1920, Olomouc: Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Palackého, page 292:

A former village, nowadays a quarter of the city of Olomouc.


Lichfield

en-proper noun

Lichfield (countable and uncountable, plural Lichfields)

From Old English Lyccid, from Common Brittonic, Letocetum, a placename meaning "greywood" + feld (“field”).

A cathedral city in Staffordshire, England.

A local government district in Staffordshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the city.


Congleton

Congleton (countable and uncountable, plural Congletons)

/ˈkɒŋɡəltən/

From Old English cung (“mound”) + hyll (“hill”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).

A town and civil parish in Cheshire East, Cheshire, England (OS grid ref SJ854628).


Tewkesbury

From Old English personal name *Tēodec, genitive case *Tēodeces + byriġ, dative singular of burh (“fort”).

A local government district with borough status in Gloucestershire, formed in 1974 and with its headquarters in the town.


Sevenoaks

A local government district of Kent, England.


Rotherham

Rotherham (countable and uncountable, plural Rotherhams)

From Rother (“a river in South Yorkshire”) + Old English hām (“homestead”).

Metropolitan Borough of Rotherham
Rotherham

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

A large town and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England (OS grid ref SK4392).


Tunbridge Wells

A local government district in Kent, the Borough of Tunbridge Wells, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the town.


Kettering

Kettering (countable and uncountable, plural Ketterings)

census-designated place
census-designated place

Prince George's County
Prince George's County#English

A census-designated place in Prince George's County, Maryland, United States.


Maldon

A town and civil parish in Essex, England (OS grid ref TL8507).


Stockton-on-Tees

Borough of Stockton-on-Tees
Stockton-on-Tees

A market town in County Durham, England, known as Stockton for short. Formerly a Metropolitan Borough, and merged into the County Borough of Teesside between 1968 and 1974.


Bolsover

A local government district in Derbyshire.


Bromsgrove

A town in Bromsgrove district in Worcestershire, England (OS grid ref SO9670).

A local government district in Worcestershire formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the town.


Brentwood

From Middle English brende (“burnt”) + Middle English wode (“wood”).

Contra Costa County
Contra Costa County#English

A city in Contra Costa County, California, United States.


Olomouc cheese

The proper noun Olomouc refers to the fact that the cheese has been traditionally produced in the surroundings of the city of Olomouc and in the past used to be sold especially in Olomouc markets.

Excess acidity has been neutralized in some milks by the use of sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate, e.g. in the former Czechoslovakia for Olomouc cheese.

1998, R. Andrew Wilbey, J.E. Scott, Richard K. Robinson, Cheesemaking Practice, New York: Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 102:

Try the zingy wheat beer with the stinky Olomouc cheese.

2009, Lisa Dunford, Central Europe, Lonely Planet Publications, →ISBN, page 148:

a kind of ripened soft cheese, characteristic with its strong scent, distinctive pungent taste and yellowish colour, traditionally made in central Moravia, the Czech Republic


Eurodeterrent

/ˌjʊəɹəʊdɪˈtɛɹənt/

The idea of a Eurodeterrent, essentially based on Anglo-French or Franco-German cooperation, has not materialized, for national political reasons. In the meantime the Soviet Union has increased the number of its SS-20 nuclear missiles and of its Backfire bombers, which were excluded from the SALT II agreement as “non-strategic,” but which can, with their respective ranges, easily hit the obsolete French and British nuclear arsenals and the European airports on which the strategic air-forces are based.

1980, Leopold Łabędź, “1983: How Europe Fell”, in Policy Review, number 17, Washington, D.C.: Hoover Institution, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 11:

If a group of European nations under EU, WEU [Western European Union]or other auspices succeeded in building a collective ‘Eurodeterrent’, some Americans might conclude that US commitments and forces in Europe were no longer necessary.

1999, Kōrō Bessho, Identities and Security in East Asia (Adelphi Papers; 325), Oxford: Oxford University Press for the International Institute for Strategic Studies, →ISBN, page 40:

A number of European governments publicly criticized France to the clear dismay of French leaders. The effort by Paris to portray its nuclear weapons as the 'European deterrent' (or Euro-deterrent) failed to win many hearts and minds in Europe.

2015, Ramesh Thakur, “The Nuclear Debate”, in Nuclear Weapons and International Security: Collected Essays, Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, page 72:

The proposed unified nuclear deterrent of the European Community (before November 1993) and the European Union (after November 1993).

Eurodeterrent

proposed unified nuclear deterrent of the European Union


Burnley

From Brun (a river name meaning "brown") + Old English lēah (“meadow, clearing”).

Albemarle County
Albemarle County#English

An unincorporated community in Albemarle County, Virginia, United States.


Thurrock

A unitary authority with borough status in Essex, England.


Gravesham

A borough of Kent, England. The main town is Gravesend.


Redditch

A town and local government district in Worcestershire, England (OS grid ref SP0467).


Wychavon

Coined in 1973 from Wych (Hwicca, a Saxon Kingdom) and Avon (“river”)

A local government district of Worcestershire, comprising the towns of Droitwich, Evesham, and Pershore and surrounding rural areas.


Windsor and Maidenhead

A royal borough in Berkshire, England, comprising those two towns and the surrounding area.


Broadmead

A street in central Bristol, England, now the name of the city-centre shopping district.


Klášterní Hradisko

All three acts were religious donations aimed at supporting the old family foundation, Klášterní Hradisko.

2015, Kateřina Millerová, transl., Vladislaus Henry: The Formation of Moravian Identity, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 76:

The Case Study of the Premonstratensian Canony Klášterní Hradisko u Olomouce

2016, Communities of Devotion: Religious Orders and Society in East Central Europe, 1450–1800, →ISBN, page 24:

Several documents on the staking of boundary lines claim to be from the time of Budiš, abbot from the Premonstratensian canonry in Klášterní Hradisko[…]

2011, Sean Mark Miller, Kateřina Millerová (translators), The Czech Lands in Medieval Transformation, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 253:

A former monastery and a former village north-east of the city of Olomouc, nowadays a quarter of Olomouc.


Chiltern

Chiltern (usually uncountable, plural Chilterns)

Unknown, but thought to derive from a Celtic toponym, presumably related to height. The other placenames derive from the English hills.

CHILTERN, a chain of chalky hills, running from eaſt to weſt through Buckinghamſhire.

1771, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1st ed., Vol. II, p. 184

Chiltern Hundreds
Chiltern Hundreds#English

(historical) Short for Chiltern Hundreds.

(historical) A former local government district in Buckinghamshire, England, abolished on 31 March 2020.


Sefton

A metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England.

A village and civil parish (served by Sefton and Lunt Villages Parish Council) in Sefton borough, Merseyside, formerly in Lancashire (OS grid ref SD3501).

A small town in Waimakariri district, Canterbury, New Zealand.


Teignbridge

A local government district of Devon, England.


South Hams

Presumably from Old English ham (Etymology 1)

A local government district of Devon, England


Broxtowe

A local government district with borough status in Nottinghamshire, England.


Erewash

A local government district with borough status of Derbyshire, England.


Norfolcian

And when in their revenge, the most insatiate Dane
Unshipt them on our shores, under their puissant Swane:
And swolne with hate and ire, their huge unweeldy force,
Came clustring like the Greeks out of the Woodden-horse:
And the Norfolcian Townes, the neer’st unto the East,
With sacriledge and rape did terriblest infest:
Those Danes yet from the shores we with such violence drave,
That from our swords, their ships could them but hardly save.

1622, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, Manchester: Spenser Society, Volume 2, 1890, Twelfth Song, p. 223:

1756, Samuel Johnson, “The Life of Sir Thomas Browne” in Thomas Browne, Christian Morals, 2nd edition, London: J. Payne, p. xxix,
[…] he treats with his usual learning on the funeral rites of the antient nations; exhibits their various treatment of the dead; and examines the substances found in his Norfolcian urns.

1837, Charles Lamb, Letter to Mr. Manning dated 25 December, 1815, in The Letters of Charles Lamb, London: Edward Moxon, Volume 2, p. 18,
You have no turkeys; you would not desecrate the festival by offering up a withered Chinese bantam, instead of the savoury grand Norfolcian holocaust, that smokes all around my nostrils at the moment, from a thousand fire-sides.

Of or relating to the county of Norfolk in England.


Norfolcian

A great appearance of these rebellious Norfolcians were got together near Lyn: but the magistrates and people of that town did not side with them, but kept themselves loyal to the king.

1721, John Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials, volume 2, London: Samuel Bagster, published 1816, Book I, Chapter 21, p. 285:

The most prominent characteristics of the ‘Norfolcians,’ the writer observes, are habitual cleanliness, and a strong peculiarity of dialect.

1801 August, “Erratics”, in The Monthly Review, volume 35, Review, page 387:

1833, “Sporting Intelligence,” The Sporting Magazine, Volume 7 (Second Series), No. 42, October 1833, p. 495,
In the Norfolcians’ second innings, when the two Pilches met together, it was a high treat to the lovers of batting—nothing could excel the beauty of their play.


Croydonian

en-adj

Croydonian (comparative more Croydonian, superlative most Croydonian)

more Croydonian (comparative)
most Croydonian (superlative)

Of or relating to Croydon in Greater London.


Croydonian

A native or inhabitant of Croydon in Greater London.


Dacorum

Originally from Latin, named after the historic hundred of Dacorum.

A local government district with borough status in Hertfordshire, England.


urban district

(historical) a type of local government district, which was created in 1894 in urbanised areas of England and Wales outside boroughs, and in 1898 in Ireland. Abolished in 1974 except those in the Republic of Ireland, which were retitled as towns in 2002.

Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)


Renfrewshire

/ˈɹɛnfɹuːʃɪəɹ/

/ˈɹɛnfɹuːʃəɹ/

A council area of Scotland, created in 1996 on the abolition of Strathclyde region in part of the area of the historic county.


Fenland

A local government district of Cambridgeshire, England.


Pendle

From Proto-Brythonic *penn ("head, top") + Old English hyll (“hill”).

A local government district and borough in Lancashire, England.


Wyre

A river in Lancashire, England, which flows into the Irish Sea at Fleetwood.

A local government district with borough status in Lancashire, which is named after the river.


Broadland

A minor town in Beadle County, South Dakota, United States.


Babergh

A local government district of Suffolk, England, named after the old Babergh hundred.


quattuorvirate

From Latin quattuorvirātus, from quattuor (“four”) + virī (“men”) + -ātus (“-ate”).

A group of four people, especially a council of four men sharing office or rule.


sexvirate

From Latin sexvirātus, from sex (“six”) + virī (“men”) + -ātus (“-ate”).

A group of six men, especially (politics) a council of six men who share office or rule, particularly (historical) various such councils in ancient Rome.


Lundy

The name means 'puffin island', from Old Norse lundi (“puffin”) + ey (“island”). Compare Lundey in Iceland.

An island in the Bristol Channel, off the coast of Devon, England, and included in Torridge district (OS grid ref SS14).

A sea area corresponding to the Bristol Channel


Test Valley

Centred on the valley of the River Test.

A local government district with borough status of Hampshire, England.


Ashfield

A town in Franklin County, Massachusetts, United States.


Amber Valley

A local government district with borough status in Derbyshire, England.


Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (canonical)

Serbia and Montenegro
Serbia and Montenegro

A federation which existed between the states of Serbia and Montenegro from 1992 to 2003 as a rump state of its predecessor, the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, during the dissolution of that country, and the division of the federation into those constituent countries. It changed its name to Serbia and Montenegro in 2003 and dissolved in 2006.


Torridge

A river in Devon, England, which flows into the Taw estuary and Atlantic Ocean.


Uttlesford

A local government district in northwestern Essex, England.


St Edmundsbury

A former local government district with borough status of Suffolk, England. Merged with Forest Heath district on 1 April 2019 as West Suffolk district.


Vale of White Horse

A local government district of Oxfordshire, England, named after the region. Originally a part of Berkshire.


Elmbridge

Named after the old Elmbridge Hundred, derived from Old English Amele (a former name of the river Mole) + brycġ (“bridge”).

A local government district with borough status in northern Surrey, England.


Spelthorne

A local government district and borough of Surrey, England, comprising the part of Surrey north of the River Thames that was in Middlesex until 1965. It includes the towns of Ashford, Shepperton, Staines and Sunbury-on-Thames.


Kappel War

First War of Kappel
First War of Kappel#English

Second War of Kappel
Second War of Kappel#English

(historical) Either the First War of Kappel in 1529, or the Second War of Kappel in 1531, or both.


Chomoutov

Such forms have been denoted as "humilis" morphs, as described for C. auratus, e.g. by Berg (1949). In 2002, a sample of 15 females was collected from the Chomoutov wetland system (the Morava basin).

2004, “Morphometric characteristics and growth of Carassius auratus in the lower part of the River Dyje (Czech Republic)”, in Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, volume 4, number 2, page 217:

a former village, nowadays a quarter of the city of Olomouc


Armagh

From Irish Ard Mhacha (literally “height of Macha”).

bor

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

One of the six traditional counties in Northern Ireland.


Sauer

A river in Europe that flows for 173 km (103 mi) through Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany; it empties into the Moselle near Wasserbillig.


Thanet

Inherited from Middle English Thanet, Tanet, from Old English Tænett, Tenet, from Brythonic (compare Latin Tanatus, Old Welsh Tanat).
Initial th- is due to an erroneous connection to Ancient Greek θᾰ́νᾰτος (thánatos).

A local government district which includes the Isle of Thanet in Kent, England.


Epsom and Ewell

A local government district with borough status in Surrey, England, named after the two main towns.


Edina

A city in Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States.


Northern

en-adj

Northern (comparative more Northern, superlative most Northern)

more Northern (comparative)
most Northern (superlative)

Les Dawson was a famous Northern comedian.

(British) Characteristic of the North of England (usually capitalised).


United Provinces

(historical) A historical region in India, now the state of Uttar Pradesh.

A province of British India from 1937 to 1947.

A province of the Dominion of India from 1947 to 1950.

(historical) A republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces (which earlier seceded from Spanish rule) until the Batavian Revolution in 1795; the predecessor state of the modern Netherlands.


Coan

en-proper noun

Coan (countable and uncountable, plural Coans)

Northumberland County
Northumberland County#English

An unincorporated community in Northumberland County, Virginia, United States.


Wiltz

A river in Europe that flows for around 42 km (26 mi) through Belgium and Luxembourg; it empties into the Sauer near Goebelsmuhle.


Forest Heath

A former local government district of Suffolk, England. Merged with St Edmundsbury on 1 April 2019 as West Suffolk district.


Venetocracy

Borrowed from Greek Βενετοκρατία (Venetokratía).

bor

Βενετοκρατία

(historiography) The period during which the Republic of Venice held domains in parts of Greece.


Mid Devon

A local government district of Devon, England.


West Dunbartonshire

A council area of Scotland, one of 32, formed in 1996 on the abolition of Strathclyde Region. Its headquarters are in Dumbarton.


East Lindsey

A local government district of Lincolnshire, England, based in Manby near Louth.


East Cambridgeshire

A local government district of Cambridgeshire, England, based in Ely.


Corsi

(historical) an ancient tribe (or people from the tribe) that lived in Corsica and Sardinia


Derbyshire Dales

A local government district of Derbyshire, England. It was renamed from West Derbyshire in 1988.


Wilson Doctrine

After Harold Wilson, British politician who established the rule.

The convention in the United Kingdom that restricts the police and intelligence services from tapping the telephones of Members of the House of Commons and House of Lords.


zubrowka

en-noun

zubrowka (countable and uncountable, plural zubrowkas)

Borrowed from Polish żubrówka (“bison grass”), from żubr (“European bison”) + ówka.

A dry straw-colored liqueur of vodka flavored with herbs, originally from Poland.


Rother

en-prop

Rother (countable and uncountable, plural Rothers)

A river in Derbyshire and South Yorkshire, England, which flows into the River Don.

A river in Hampshire and West Sussex, England, which flows into the River Arun.

Burwash, spread along a ridge between the rivers Rother and Dudwell, was an important centre of the iron industry three centuries ago when the Weald was England's main source of iron ore.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 98:

A river in Kent and East Sussex, England, which flows into the English Channel.

A local government district in East Sussex created in 1974, which is named after the river in East Sussex.


Bellevue

en-proper noun

Bellevue (countable and uncountable, plural Bellevues)

Borrowed from French Bellevue and belle (“nice, fair”) + vue (“view”).

A former settlement in Merced County, California.

New Castle County
New Castle County#English

An unincorporated community in New Castle County, Delaware.

A placename
A place in the United States
A village in Peoria County, Illinois.

An unincorporated community in Bossier Parish, Louisiana.

Calcasieu Parish
Calcasieu Parish#English

An unincorporated community in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana.

An unincorporated community in Caldwell Parish, Louisiana.

Plaquemines Parish
Plaquemines Parish#English

An unincorporated community in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana.

A placename
A place in the United States
A village in Eaton County, Michigan.

A placename
A place in the United States
A city in Sarpy County, Nebraska.

An unincorporated community in Yamhill County, Oregon.

Allegheny County
Allegheny County#English

A borough of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.


Rochford

Rochford (countable and uncountable, plural Rochfords)

Pennington County
Pennington County#English

An unincorporated community in Pennington County, South Dakota, United States.


City of London Corporation

the City of London Corporation (canonical)

The municipal governing body of the City of London, a local authority within Greater London.

the Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of the City of London


the Mayor and Commonalty and Citizens of the City of London

(archaic) The official and legal name of the City of London, a local authority within Greater London.


hatchapuri

en-noun

hatchapuri (countable and uncountable, plural hatchapuris)

On the breakfast table I can see the remains of: sturgeon, caviare (pink and black), blinies, cottage cheese and two other cheeses, buckwheat, hatchapuri—a bread cheese—and sour cream, hashi (stew), radishes and spring onions […]

1977, The New Review, volume 4, London: New Review Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 30:

After Varadzia had served Svobodova with sturgeon and the local delicacy, a hatchapuri—a sort of paratha stuffed with cheese—washed down with a glass of the Lomnja red wine, he sat down and took a pipe with the stranger.

1983, Isaac Asimov’s Science Fiction Magazine, volume 7, New York, N.Y.: Davis Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 128:


hachapuri

hachapuri (countable and uncountable, plural hachapuris)

Another delicious Georgian dish was Hachapuri. This is a kind of flat bread with soft cheese and butter in the middle, more butter melted all over the top. There are different kinds of Hachapuri, reflecting the different areas, but all of it is absolutely fantastic. People eat it as a matter of course at almost every meal.

2014 February 25, Janice N. Mau, “‘Gamarjoba’, Georgia.’”, in Samovars and Shashlik: Gems of an Overseas Adventure, Bloomington, Ind.: Balboa Press, Hay House, →ISBN, page 120:


Hambleton

en-proper noun

Hambleton (countable and uncountable, plural Hambletons)

From Old English hamel (“crooked (hill)”) + tūn (“enclosure; settlement, town”).

A small town in Tucker County, West Virginia, United States.


Gaeilgeoir

en-noun

Gaeilgeoir (plural Gaeilgeoirs or Gaeilgeoirí)

Gaeilgeoirs (plural)
Gaeilgeoirí (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from Irish Gaeilgeoir

ubor

Another remarkable development is the way Gaeilgeoirí have made their own of the new social media – they’ve taken to Facebook and Twitter like ducks to water.

2014 February 1, Seán Mag Leannáin, “We'll soon find out whether we lose our native language forever”, in The Journal:

Tate Donnelly, a Gaeilgeoir from Co Monaghan who was, at 21, the youngest candidate in the 2020 general election, running for the Green Party, admits these younger speakers are not using the language of the Gaeltacht, but argues that we need “a new colloquialism”.

2022 January 23, Victoria White, “The New Gaeilgeoirs: Forecasts of the Irish language’s demise are greatly exaggerated”, in Irish Independent:

Brendan Gleeson, a well-known Gaeilgeoir, or fluent Irish speaker, also gave an interview in Irish, while Colin Farrell, his co-star in “Banshees of Inisherin,” slowly backed away and was relieved to quickly find someone who would ask him questions in English.

2023 February 24, Claire Fahy, “‘Bursting Proud’: Ireland Cheers Paul Mescal for Embracing Irish Language”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(Ireland) Someone who speaks Irish fluently or often.


Halton

en-proper noun

Halton (countable and uncountable, plural Haltons)

* (Halton, Ontario, Canada): Named after William Mathew Halton, a British colonial bureaucrat in Upper Canada.

The Borough of Halton, a unitary authority in Cheshire, England, formed in 1974.

A village in Runcorn, Cheshire, England, which gave its name to the above borough (OS grid ref SJ5381).

A village in Aylesbury Vale district, Buckinghamshire, England (OS grid ref SP8710).

A village in Halton-with-Aughton parish, Lancaster district, Lancashire, England (OS grid ref SD5064).

A suburban area in the Metropolitan Borough of Leeds, West Yorkshire, England (OS grid ref SE3433).

A village in Northumberland, England (OS grid ref NY9967).


Carinthian

/kəˈɹɪnθiən/


South Somerset

A local government district of Somerset, England.


Cheshire West and Chester

A local government district with borough status, called a unitary authority, in Cheshire, England, created in 2009 when Ellesmere Port and Neston district, Vale Royal district and the City of Chester were abolished.


West Oxfordshire

A local government district of Oxfordshire, England.


Perth and Kinross

A council area of Scotland, and a former administrative county of Scotland created from the administrative counties of Perthshire and Kinross-shire in 1929. Between 1974 and 1996, it was a local government district of the Tayside Region.


Kincardine and Deeside

A former local government area in Grampian region, north-east Scotland, created in 1975 and abolished in 1996. It was absorbed into the Aberdeenshire council area.


Orléanist

Named from the Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon (descended from the youngest son of Louis XIII), who were its leaders, + -ism.

(historical) A member of a French right-wing (except for 1814–1830) faction that arose out of the French Revolution, as opposed to the legitimists.


Like 911, 119, etc., selected as a number both fast and easy to call from rotary or touch-tone phones and less likely to be mistakenly dialed.

110 handles police emergencies in Japan and Korea but fires and medical emergencies have a separate number, 119.

The telephone number for law enforcement in China, Japan, Germany, Indonesia, Latvia, Bolivia, Guatamala, Andorra, Nauru, and the Ivory Coast and on Taiwan.

The telephone number for firefighting assistance in Norway, Jamaica, Suriname, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and Papua New Guinea.


Inverclyde

A council area of Scotland, one of 32 created in 1996, with its administrative centre in Greenock.


East Lothian

A council area of Scotland, one of 32 created in 1996, with its administrative centre in Haddington.


South Gloucestershire

A local government unitary authority area in Gloucestershire, England created in 1996 on the abolition of the county of Avon. It is not administered as part of Gloucestershire, although historically part of that county.


yugada

From Spanish yugada, from yugo (“yoke”) + -ada (“-ful”), from Latin iugum. Compare Latin iugerum (“juger”).

(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of land area, equivalent to about 32.2 ha.


Capitoline Hill

A calque of Latin Mons or Clivus Capitolīnus, from Capitolium (“Capitoline Hill”) + -inus (“-ine: forming adjectives”), from the oblique stem of caput (“head”) + -ō (“forming nouns”) or -ōlus (“-ole: forming diminutives”) + -ium (“forming location names”).

Capitoline Hill
Constantine the Great
Museum of Roman Civilization


North Tyneside

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

A metropolitan borough on the north side of the River Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England.


East Devon

A local government district of Devon, England.


Hamp

* As an English surname, of various origins, including the suburb Hamp in Somerset, from the source of the suffix -ham (“closed in land”) and a variant of Hamm, or from Middle English hemp (“hemp”).
* As a German surname, variant of Hampe.

(slang) A nickname for Hampshire or New Hampshire.


South Kesteven

A local government district of Lincolnshire, England.


North Lincolnshire

A unitary authority and borough in the traditional county of Lincolnshire, England, created in 1996 on the abolition of the county of Humberside.


North West Leicestershire

A local government district of Leicestershire, England.


South Derbyshire

A local government district of Derbyshire, England.


Sedgemoor

a low-lying area of land in the Somerset Levels in Somerset, England.

A local government district of Somerset, which includes some of the Somerset Levels and some surrounding areas.


South Cambridgeshire

A local government district of Cambridgeshire, England. The district completely surrounds the City of Cambridge, which is governed independently by its city council.


Suffolk Coastal

A former local government district of Suffolk, England. Merged with Waveney district on 1 April 2019 as East Suffolk district.


Gedling

A village in Gedling borough, Nottinghamshire, England (OS grid ref SK6142).

A local government district with borough status in Nottinghamshire, which was named after the village.


East Suffolk

An administrative county in Suffolk, England, created in 1889, along with West Suffolk. Both counties were abolished in 1974, being merged as Suffolk once again.


South Tyneside

A metropolitan borough on the south side of the River Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England.


ochava

From Spanish ochava (“⅛ Spanish ounce”), from Latin octāvus (“one-eighth”). Doublet of octave, octavo, and oitava.

(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of mass, equivalent to about 3.6 g.


Arun

A local government district in West Sussex, England, United Kingdom.


East Hampshire

A local government district of Hampshire, England, with its headquarters in Petersfield.


North Devon

A local government district of Devon, England, with its headquarters in Barnstaple.


Cheshire East

Crewe and Nantwich
Crewe and Nantwich#English

A unitary authority area in Cheshire, England, created in 2009 with the amalgamation of the boroughs of Macclesfield, Congleton and Crewe and Nantwich.


Chiers

A river in Europe that flows for about 130 km (81 mi) through Luxembourg, Belgium and France; it joins the Meuse near Sedan.


Alzette

A river in Europe that flows for 73 km (45 mi) through France and Luxembourg; it empties into the Sauer near Ettelbruck.


Clerve

A river in Europe that flows for 48 km (30 mi) through Luxembourg; it empties into the Wiltz near Kautenbach.


Eisch

Possibly from German Eisch, from Luxembourgish Äisch. Possibly related to German Aische, but unlikely.

A river in Europe that flows for around 50 km (31 mi) through Belgium and Luxembourg; it joins the Alzette near Mersch.


Kirklees

Named after a medieval village and priory that no longer exist.

A metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England, created in 1974.


West Lothian

A council area of Scotland, one of 32 created in 1996 on the abolition of Lothian Region and other regions.


South Staffordshire

A local government district of Staffordshire, England, created in 1974.


Ukrainian studies

(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of Ukrainian linguistics, sociolinguistics, language and literature, along with Ukrainian history and culture.


Guildhall

A small town, the shire town of Essex County, Vermont, United States.

The administrative centre of the City of London corporation.


Old Novgorodian

A dialect used in Old East Slavic birch-bark writings found around Novgorod, having some archaic features that were lost in other Slavic dialects.

vieux novgorodien

a dialect of Old East Slavic used in Novgorod


South Oxfordshire

A local government district of Oxfordshire, England, created in 1974.


Bienville

a commune in the Oise department of northern France.


Vukovian

Probably an anglicization of Serbo-Croatian vȗkovac (“Vukovian”) by the addition of the suffix -ian, after the personal name of Serbian philologist and linguist Vuk Karadžić (1787–1864), from Serbo-Croatian vȗk (“wolf”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”).

He supported Vuk's language reform and was a follower of Vuk in practice—in language and in deed—leaving the waging of the struggle to those who were more directly concerned. His printing press was also Vukovian. Small, wretched. On a rock, and born in poverty, but—the first of its kind among the Serbs.

[1966], Milovan Djilas, translated by Michael B[oro] Petrovich, Njegoš: Poet, Prince, Bishop, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace & World, →OCLC, page 132:

[T]he historical development of the Serbo-Croatian literary language have of recent years been focusing more and more of their attention on the period immediately preceding the monumental Vukovian reforms of the Serbo-Croatian language, that is, the 18th century.

1979, Die Welt der Slaven, [Vienna; Cologne]: Böhlau Verlag, →OCLC, page 268:

The "Serbo-Croatian" language – at that time not yet bearing this name – was codified by Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, himself originally from Tršić in today's Serbia. Karadžić based the codified norm on a common dialect, paradoxically stemming from Herzegovina. However, this was not the only possible language programme. Alternative language standards were proposed (based on the "kajkavian" dialect for example), and the "Vukovian" standard was not always accepted as legitimate. The decisions to adopt certain standards were regarded as the decisions of a handful of intellectuals (indeed they were in the 19th century).

2016, Barbora Moormann-Kimáková, “Explaining Success and Failure of Language Regimes”, in Language-related Conflicts in Multinational and Multiethnic Settings: Success and Failure of Language Regimes, Wiesbaden, Hesse, Germany: Springer VS, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 203–204:

(linguistics) Of or pertaining to the ideas of Serbian philologist and linguist Vuk Karadžić (1787–1864) concerning the standardization of the Serbo-Croatian language.


Vukovian

Whereas the conservatives insisted that the Serbs should remain an organic part of the partially russianised Slavonic Orthodox community, the Vukovians wanted to sever the formal ties with this community, and emphasise the individuality of the Serbian nation within it.

1989, Juhani Nuorluoto, Jovan Stejić’s Language: A Contribution to the History of the Serbo-Croatian Standard Language (Slavica Helsingiensia; 8), Helsinki: Department of Slavonic Languages, University of Helsinki, →ISBN, page 144:

Although the Vienna Literary Agreement had no immediate results, it is highly significant that among the many competing Croatian philological schools the ‘vukovians’ (Pero Budmani, Tomo Maretić, Ivan Broz, Franjo Iveković), the most ardent defenders of Serbo-Croat linguistic unity, became dominant in the 1890s and succeeded in imposing the principles of the Agreements. To be sure, even the vukovians sometimes called their language ‘Croat’.

2002, Radovan Lučić, editor, Lexical Norm and National Language: Lexicography and Language Policy in South-Slavic Languages after 1989 (Die Welt der Slaven: Sammelbande; 14), Munich: Verlag Otto Sagner, →ISBN, page 13:

[page 360] Linguists who continued work in [Đuro] Daničić's spirit after his death were referred to as the Croatian Vukovites (hrvatski vukovci). […] [page 361] The fact of [Károly] Khuen-Héderváry's support [for the work of the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts] would seem to suggest that he perceived the work of the Vukovians not so much as a unifying, "Yugo-"Slav factor but as an antidote to growing Croat nationalism.

2013, Ronelle Alexander, “Language and Identity: The Fate of Serbo-Croatian”, in Roumen Daskalov, Tchavdar Marinov, editors, Entangled Histories of the Balkans (Balkan Studies Library; 9), volumes I (National Ideologies and Language Policies), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, pages 360 and 361:

(historical) Chiefly in the plural form Vukovians: a member of a group of Croatian linguists active at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century who supported the ideas of Serbian philologist and linguist Vuk Karadžić (1787–1864) concerning the standardization of the Croatian variety of the Serbo-Croatian language.


South Lanarkshire

A council area of Scotland, one of 32 formed in 1996, which includes part of the historic county of Lanarkshire. Its headquarters are in Hamilton.


Knowsley

A village in Knowsley borough, Merseyside, England, originally in Lancashire (OS grid ref SJ4395).

The Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, a local government district in Merseyside created in 1974 which takes its name from the village.


North Kesteven

A local government district of Lincolnshire, England, created in 1974. Its headquarters are in Sleaford.


Croatian chessboard

en-noun

Croatian chessboard (plural Croatian chessboards)

/ˌkɹoʊˈeɪ.ʃən tʃɛsbɔːd/

Croatian checkerboard
Croatian checkerboard#English


Croatian checkerboard

Croatian checkerboard (plural Croatian checkerboards)

/ˌkɹoʊˈeɪ.ʃən ˈtʃɛkɚbɔːd/

In July 1992, with fierce fighting under way across Bosnia, the HDZ hard-liners called to life the parastate they dubbed Herzeg-Bosna, a renegade Croat enclave in West Herzegovina that flew the Croatian checkerboard flag, did business with ...

2003, Paul Hockenos, Homeland Calling: Exile Patriotism & the Balkan Wars:

If one is to think that Croatia would not fight back once it was in a position to be able to do so is completely absurd. Even worse is Plotz's assessment that Tudjman resurrected Ustasa symbols, such as the Croatian checkerboard flag.

2011, Branko Belan, In the Name of Independence: The Unmaking of Tito's Yugoslavia:

Liberation Struggle with the Croatian checkerboard coat-of- arms and inscriptions dedicated to the Croatian nation.

2012, Daniel Šuber, Slobodan Karamanic, Retracing Images: Visual Culture after Yugoslavia:

The chetniks had done their best to stir up anti-Croat ... Across the cornfields, in the predominantly Croat settlement of Borovo Naselje, people had hung out the Croatian checkerboard.

2013, Michael Dobbs, Down with Big Brother: The Fall of the Soviet Empire:

(rare) Red and white chequy used in Croatian coat of arms and flag.


North Warwickshire

A local government district with borough status of Warwickshire, England. Its headquarters are in Atherstone.


Stormontgate

Unionists have demanded a full public inquiry into the "Stormontgate" affair which began in October 2002 when allegations of an IRA spying operation at Stormont prompted suspension of the Northern Ireland assembly and three years of direct rule.

2005 December 19, Angelique Chrisafis, “Adams should resign over spy scandal, urges SDLP”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(informal) A 2002 scandal around allegations of a Provisional IRA spy ring operating in the Stormont parliamentary buildings.


San Saba

a rione in Rome, Italy, named after the local basilica.


Calderdale

From Calder + dale; named after the River Calder.

A metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England, created in 1974.


Danocentric

en-adj

Danocentric (comparative more Danocentric, superlative most Danocentric)

more Danocentric (comparative)
most Danocentric (superlative)

... a more inclusive, pan-Scandinavian catalog as opposed to Grundtvig's more Danocentric catalog.

2016, Katalin Nun, Jon Stewart, Volume 16, Tome I: Kierkegaard's Literary Figures and Motifs: Agamemnon to Guadalquivir, Routledge, →ISBN:

Every page of the book has a global and comparative outlook, even in its most local and Danocentric moments.

2012, Carsten Levisen, Cultural Semantics and Social Cognition: A Case Study on the Danish Universe of Meaning, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN:

But his efforts to depoliticize art in this and other works only further added to suspicions that he persistently passed off Danocentric cultural norms as universal aesthetic principles.

2006, Ann Schmiesing, Norway's Christiania Theatre, 1827-1867: From Danish Showhouse to National Stage, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, →ISBN, page 52:


Montenegrian

Montenegrian (comparative more Montenegrian, superlative most Montenegrian)

more Montenegrian (comparative)
most Montenegrian (superlative)


Swedocentric

The question is whether, having abandoned a largely inapplicable Swedocentric standard for other countries, we have arrived at the opposite extreme where no common standards exist any longer.

2012, Peter Koslowski, Andreas Follesdal, Restructuring the Welfare State: Theory and Reform of Social Policy, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 100:

Our perspective is somewhat Swedocentric.

2010, James S. Fishkin, Robert E. Goodin, Population and Political Theory, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 159:

First and foremost, purely cross-sectional studies are trapped in what Michael Shalev (1983) has called the Swedocentric fallacy: ...

1992, Professor Marino Regini, The Future of Labour Movements, SAGE, →ISBN, page 134:

These trends are, firstly, the Swedocentric trend which sees Sweden as a model and all other countries as a deviation from it; ...

interpreted in terms of or centered on Sweden


Germanocentric

However, Katz'model was not only Germanocentric, but also primarily focused on high culture.

2007, Dan Diner, David B. Ruderman, Schwerpunkt/Special Issue, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 291:

... Heidegger will cling to a reading of Western history and philosophy that is purely Germanocentric in all its essentials — ...

2005, Charles R. Bambach, Heidegger's Roots: Nietzsche, National Socialism, and the Greeks, Cornell University Press, →ISBN, page 136:

Still, Grieg's views and practice do seem to imply a mild paradox, at least set against the conventional wisdom of Germanocentric historiography, ...

2017, Benedict Taylor, Towards a Harmonic Grammar of Grieg's Late Piano Music: Nature and Nationalism, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, page 141:

The Jewish Enlightenment and the movement for emancipation throughout Central Europe were thus based on the Mendelssohnian and very Germanocentric views outlined above.

centered on or interpreted in terms of Germany


Dexit

From German Dexit, from the blend of Deutschland (“Germany”) + Exit (“exit”), modeled on Brexit, from English Brexit.

blend

The AfD had planned to put a call for “Dexit” at the heart of its manifesto for May’s European parliament elections, with a pledge to leave the EU by 2024 unless the bloc is radically reformed. […] Originally founded to oppose the single currency, the AfD has previously shied away from calling for Dexit in a country where 75 per cent of people believe EU membership is beneficial, according to a poll last year.

2019 January 14, Justin Huggler, “Germany's AfD backs away from Dexit call as France's Le Pen pledges to reform EU from within”, in The Daily Telegraph:

(politics) The hypothetical withdrawal of Germany from the European Union.


Dexit

Blend of Denmark + exit, modeled on Brexit.

Support for 'Dexit' falls sharply since Brexit […] Euroscepticism has fast lost support in Denmark as the consequences of Britain’s vote for Brexit become clearer, new polling suggest.

2018 April 3, Jon Stone, “Euroscepticism plummets in Denmark as consequences of Brexit become clear”, in The Independent:

Many had seen Denmark as a possible candidate to follow the UK out of the EU, but even the Danish People’s party has backed away from Dexit, while the government has turned from London to Berlin on a number of policies.

2022 June 1, Richard Milne, “Denmark votes to end EU defence opt-out in historic referendum”, in Financial Times:

(politics) The hypothetical withdrawal of Denmark from the European Union.


West Berkshire

A local government district (unitary authority) in Berkshire, England, with its headquarters in Newbury. It was renamed from Newbury District in April 1998.


locarnize

en-verb

locarnize (third-person singular simple present locarnizes, present participle locarnizing, simple past and past participle locarnized)

locarnizes (present singular third-person)
locarnizing (participle present)
locarnized (participle past)
locarnized (past)

Attested since at least the 1925, from Locarno + -ize. Named after the site of a 1925 treaty in the Swiss town.

And when these promises have been unmistakably fulfilled, even Poincare will not hesitate to reduce the troops of occupation and to consent to complete evacuation at an early date, as well as to Locarnizing all the French policies.

1927 June 26, “Poincare finds ally in Harden in speech row”, in The Billings Gazette, page 2:

While the French emissary fastidiously avoided evoking the 1925 negotiations, given the Marshal's vehemently negative sentiments on the subject, Pilsudski promptly saw through the French move to 'locarnize' the treaty.

2002, Nicole Jordan, The Popular Front and Central Europe: The Dilemmas of French Impotence 1918–1940, page 16:

“While future talks were not ruled out Piłsudski would not have the military pact ‘locarnized’ (his word), nor would he accept any French move to reduce their obligations to Poland in case of a Polish–Soviet conflict.”

2005, Zara S. Steiner, The Lights That Failed: European International History 1919–1933, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 518:

“For the record, Piłsudski states most categorically that this was a French initiative, and manifested a repugnance to have the military convention ‘locarnized’ (Franchet d’Esperey recorded this expression).”

2014, Piotr Stefan Wandycz, The Twilight of French Eastern Alliances, 1926–1936: French–Czechoslovak–Polish Relations from Locarno to the Remilitarization of the Rhineland, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 100:

(rare) To corrupt a peace agreement or treaty to favor one side.


Fermanagh

One of the six traditional counties of Northern Ireland.


Sandwell

A metropolitan borough of the West Midlands, England.


gopnik

en-noun

gopnik (plural gopniks or gopniki or gopota or gopari)

gopniks (plural)
gopniki (plural)
gopota (plural)
gopari (plural)

Coordinate term: gopnitsa

(derogatory) In Russia, Eastern Europe, former Soviet republics, and other Slavic countries, a member of a subculture of young people of lower-class low-income backgrounds, mostly millennials, who usually live in the Russian suburbs.

գոպնիկ

(pejorative) a member of a subculture in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and in other former Soviet republics


poke the bear

en-verb

poke the bear (third-person singular simple present pokes the bear, present participle poking the bear, simple past and past participle poked the bear)

pokes the bear (present singular third-person)
poking the bear (participle present)
poked the bear (participle past)
poked the bear (past)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-poke the bear.wav

The second sense refers to the use of bears to represent Russia, as a shortening of the idiom "poke the Russian bear" (to anger or threaten Russia and start a war with Russia).

when you mess with the bull, you get the horns

(slang, idiomatic) To deliberately anger Russia or the Russian government.


Grand Est

Borrowed from French Grand Est (literally “Great East”).

bor+

Meronyms: Alsace, Lorraine, Champagne

administrative region
administrative region

An administrative region in northeastern France, created in 2016 by the fusion of Alsace, Lorraine and Champagne-Ardenne.


Lazica

From Latin Lazica, from Ancient Greek Λαζική (Lazikḗ), from Λαζοί (Lazoí) + -ική (-ikḗ).

(historical) A region and kingdom in eastern shore of Black Sea corresponding to the ancient Colchis.


Bourgogne-Franche-Comté

An administrative region in eastern France, created in 2016 by the merger of Burgundy and Franche-Comté.


unity is strength

mabigat man ang kalap at tulong ang mag-anak, magaan ang pagbuhat


Massiliote

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Μασσαλιῶτης (Massaliôtēs).

(historical) A native or inhabitant of Massilia. (ancient Marseille)


Massiliote

(historical) Of, from or relating to Massilia. (ancient Marseille)


Greenlandic Norse

An extinct North Germanic language that was spoken in the Norse settlements of Greenland until their demise in the late 15th century.