West Greenlandic Pidgin

An extinct Greenlandic-based contact language once used between the Inuit of Greenland and European traders.


Holsteiner

From Holstein + -er, or directly from the German Holsteiner.

Holstein

cattle breed also from Schleswig-Holstein

There are unflappable, lazy Holsteiners and sensitive, spooky Holsteiners.

A horse of a breed originating in the Schleswig-Holstein region of northern Germany.


Gipuzkoan

A dialect of the Basque language, spoken mainly in the province of Gipuzkoa in Basque Country, but also in a small part of Navarre.


Iceland dog

The conclusion that one must arrive at, as it seems to me, is that the collie, the Shetland, and the Iceland dogs all had one common origin, the restricted location of the collie in the Lowlands not being conducive to the supposition that he was of origin there, when there was no breed to the north or south bearing any resemblance to him.

1913 April, James Watson, “Dogs”, in Country Life, volume 23, page 65:

A shaggy white sharp-eared dog of a breed imported from Iceland.


Zaporozhian

Ultimately from Russian Запоро́жье (Zaporóžʹje, “place beyond the rapids”) or a related term; compare Zaporizhian, Zaporizhia.

cog

Instead, the Zaporozhians tended to concentrate on their own affairs, that is, those of a relatively small (they rarely numbered more than 10,000), isolated Cossack fraternity based in the vast, empty steppes between the Hetmanate in the north and the Crimean Khanate in the south.

2009, Orest Subtelny, Ukraine: A History, 4th edition, University of Toronto Press, unnumbered page:

As the Zaporozhians began to clash with the newcomers a number of Serb settlements were wiped out and the colonization came to a halt.

2016, Alexander Basilevsky, Early Ukraine, McFarland & Company, page 359:

The Zaporozhians detained the captains sent by Mazepa, placed them in custody ("as bandits"), and did not allow them to set fire to dry grasses in the "Wild Fields" (as had been planned in preparation for the campaign).

2020, Tatiana Tairova-Yakovleva, Ivan Mazepa and the Russian Empire, McGill-Queen's University Press, page 111:

(historical) One of the Cossacks who lived downstream of the rapids of the Dnieper River, in present-day Ukraine.

запоро́жець

any individual of the Cossacks who lived downstream of the rapids of the Dnieper River


Russo-Byzantine

Russo-Byzantine trade

Russo-Byzantine architecture


Russophilic

en-adj

Russophilic (comparative more Russophilic, superlative most Russophilic)

more Russophilic (comparative)
most Russophilic (superlative)

More recently, as Trump has slipped the fetters that shackled him in his first year in office, his growing confidence and independence have been expressed in a series of notably Russophilic moves.

2018, Jonathan Chait, New York magazine, 8 July

Fond of or favouring Russia, or Russian people; exhibiting or relating to Russophilia.


Kentish rag

en-noun

Kentish rag (usually uncountable, plural Kentish rags)

(geology) A rough fossiliferous limestone found in Kent.


Ivan Ivanovich

Ivan Ivanovich (plural Ivan Ivanoviches or Ivan Ivanovichs)

Ivan Ivanoviches (plural)
Ivan Ivanovichs (plural)

/ɪˈvɑːn ɪˈvɑːnəvɪt͡ʃ/

Borrowed from Russian Ива́н Ива́нович (Iván Ivánovič, literally “John Johnson”).

bor

Ива́н Ива́нович

(fiction) Synonym of John Doe (an unknown person or body), giving a Russian flavour to fiction set in Russia, by using a Russian name in place of the English term.


Oslovian

A person from Oslo, the capital of Norway.


Oslovian

Of, from, or pertaining to Oslo, the capital of Norway.


cunca

From Galician cunca (“bowl, ¹⁄₆₀ Galician bushel”), from Old Galician-Portuguese cunca, from Latin concha (“mussel, vessel”), from Ancient Greek κόγχη (kónkhē, “shell, mussel”).

bowl, <small>¹<big>⁄</big>₆₀</small> Galician bushel

der

(historical) A traditional Galician unit of land area reckoned as the amount needed to sow a cunca of seed, varying from 5–60 m² in different parts of Galicia.


Rubenid

From Ruben (“the name of the founder”) + -id.

Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia

Of or pertaining to the Rubenids: an Armenian dynasty who dominated parts of Cilicia, and who established the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.


Hethumid

From Hethum (“the name of the founder”) + -id, from Armenian Հեթում (Hetʻum).

suffix

Of or pertaining to the Hethumids: an Armenian dynasty who ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia as princes and kings.


East Ender

From East End + -er (suffix denoting residency).

When Professor Huxley lived as a medical officer in the East of London he acquired a knowledge of the actual condition of the life of many of its populace which led him long afterwards to declare that the surroundings of the savages of New Guinea were much more conducive to the leading of a decent human existence than those in which many of the East-Enders live.

1890, William Booth, In Darkest England and the Way Out:

A native or inhabitant of London's East End.


ostikan

Transliteration of Old Armenian ոստիկան (ostikan).

translit

The Sadjid ostikans were eager to foster mistrust amongst the nakharars, seeking to destabilize Bagratuni rule and to usurp the Bagratuni king's right to send taxes to the caliph.

2007, Lynn Jones, Between Islam and Byzantium: Aght'amar and the Visual Construction of Medieval Armenian Rulership:

(historical) Any of the Arab governors of Armenia.


Hibernically

en-adv

Hibernically (comparative more Hibernically, superlative most Hibernically)

more Hibernically (comparative)
most Hibernically (superlative)


Straits Settlements

Named for the Singapore Straits on older maps of the area.

(historical) A former colony of the United Kingdom in Southeast Asia between 1826–1946 consisting of modern-day Singapore and Malacca, Penang, and Perak in Malaysia, as well as a few other miscellaneous territories for other periods.


Lukomorye

From Russian Лукомо́рье (Lukomórʹje, literally “the curve of the sea”).

bor

(folklore, Slavic mythology) A fictional land in Russian folklore.

Loukomorie

a fictional land in the Russian folklore


Peterborian

en-adj

Peterborian (comparative more Peterborian, superlative most Peterborian)

more Peterborian (comparative)
most Peterborian (superlative)


Horshamite

Horshamite (comparative more Horshamite, superlative most Horshamite)

more Horshamite (comparative)
most Horshamite (superlative)


Sheffielder

[…] and with the two promised Sheffielders, Driver Elliott and Fireman Lewis, we were soon on our way over the most unapproachably dreary region of the whole run, scarcely to be paralleled in the Black Country itself.

1949 March and April, F. G. Roe, “I Saw Three Englands–2”, in Railway Magazine, page 82:


cuartillo

From Spanish cuartillo (“¹⁄₄₈ Castilian bushel, &c.”), from Old Spanish quartillo (“little fourth”) in reference to its forming a fourth celemin, from quarto + -illo (“-elle: forming diminutives”), from Latin quartus (“one-fourth”). Doublet of cuartilla and quartilho.

bor

<small>¹<big>⁄</big>₄₈</small> Castilian bushel, &c.

(historical) A former coin in Spain and parts of Latin America equal to a quarter-real.


Satu Mare

From Romanian Satu Mare. Doublet of Satmar.


Barese

From Italian barese. Equivalent to Bari + -ese (adjective- and noun-forming suffix).

af

The Bari dialect, a dialect of Neapolitan spoken in the Apulia and Basilicata regions of Italy.


Torfaen

A county borough in south Wales, previously in Gwent, and historically in Monmouthshire.


Toledan

en-adj

Toledan (comparative more Toledan, superlative most Toledan)

more Toledan (comparative)
most Toledan (superlative)


Toledan

A native or inhabitant of Toledo in Spain.


rushnyk

From Belarusian рушні́к (rušník), ручні́к (ručník) or Ukrainian рушни́к (rušnýk).

A cloth/towel embroidered with symbols and cryptograms of the ancient world, used in Eastern Slavic ceremonies.


Greekland

From Middle English Greclond, Griclond, Griccland, from Old English Grēcland (“Greece”), equivalent to Greek + -land. Compare West Frisian Grikelân (“Greece”), Dutch Griekenland (“Greece”), German Griechenland (“Greece”), Danish Grækenland (“Greece”), Norwegian Bokmål Grekenland (“Greece”) (archaic, replaced by “Hellas”), Norwegian Nynorsk Grekland (“Greece”) (archaic, replaced by “Hellas”), Swedish Grekland (“Greece”), Icelandic Grikkland (“Greece”).

q

archaic, replaced by “<i class="Latn mention" lang="nb">Hellas</i>”

archaic, replaced by “<i class="Latn mention" lang="nn">Hellas</i>”

Once on a time fared he in a ship to Greekland, for that there was a king's daughter on whom he had set his mind, […]

Scores of the old rune-stones speak of the Warings and Captains and Shipmen (and perhaps, now and then, Merchants or Pilgrims going to or from the Holy Land) who served "in Greece", "in Greekland", who "gained wealth in Greece", who "died in Greekland", who were mere "Greek farers", visited "Greek Havens" &c. in the 10th, 11th, 12th centuries.

1884, George Stephens, The Old-northern Runic Monuments of Scandinavia and England:

They speak about men who perished on Viking expeditions to faraway countries — westward to England, most especially eastward to Gardarike (the present Russia), to Greekland (the lands comprising the Byzantine Empire), to Sarkland (the Mohammedan countries about the Black Sea), to Jorsalaland (Jerusalem), to Langbardaland (the present Italy).

1933, Henry Goddard Leach, The American-Scandinavian Review, volume 21, page 216:

Nowhere do we find that 'Epirus' means Greekland. If 'Epirus' could thus most conveniently be stretched to mean Greekland, then the world would forever be faced with a chaotic situation.

She was a prize. She was Jaederborn, but her mother had been captured in Greekland.

2000, Lars Walker, The Year of the Warrior:

Atheling to the heaven-king.
Shepherd of Greekland
Harrower of Annwn.

2002, John Matthews, At the Table of the Grail:

The huge river Danube runs between Saxland and Greekland.

2005, Atanas Orachev, Bulgaria in the European Cartographic Concepts Until XIX Century:

Not all of the treasures of Birka and Gotland are below the ground. Rune stones dot the landscape, carved with memorials of journeys to far places –Semgall and Courland (Latvia), Wendland (Poland), Virland (Estonia), Gardariki (Russia), Greekland (more particularly, the Byzantine Empire centred on Constantinople), and Serkland, the land of the Saracens.

2013, Jonathan Clements, A Brief History of the Vikings:

(rare, now nonstandard) The land of the Greeks; Greece


French white

(historical) Synonym of silver white, a Parisian white lead paint thinner than flake white.


Eastern Norway

a region comprising eight counties: Akershus, Buskerud, Hedmark, Oppland, Oslo, Telemark, Vestfold and Østfold, named Østlandet in Bokmål and Austlandet in Nynorsk.


GDPR

General Data Protection Regulation
w:General Data Protection Regulation

European Economic Area
European Economic Area

(European Union law) Initialism of General Data Protection Regulation: a regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA).

General Data Protection Regulation

2018 EU regulation concerning personal data

Obecné nařízení o ochraně osobních údajů


Domrémy

(historical) The former name of the commune Domrémy-la-Pucelle in northeastern France. The commune is known for being the birthplace of Joan of Arc.


Bindslev

Northern Jutland
Northern Jutland#English

A small town in Vendsyssel, Northern Jutland, Denmark.


Tavastia

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Tavastia, equivalent to Tavast + -ia from Old East Norse Tafæistaland (attested in 11th century runestone Gs 13 as ᛆ ᛏᛆᚠᛋᛏᛆᛚᚭᚿᛏᛁ, transliterated "a tafstalãnti", normalized "a Tafæistalandi" 'in Tavastia'), from Tafæistr (“Tavast”) + land, the former probably being derived from tafʀ (“laggard”) + Æistʀ (“Estonian”).

lang

ᛆ ᛏᛆᚠᛋᛏᛆᛚᚭᚿᛏᛁ

ᛆ ᛏᛆᚠᛋᛏᛆᛚᚭᚿᛏᛁ

Tavastia Proper (a region in Finland; official name: Kanta-Häme)

Päijänne Tavastia
Päijänne Tavastia#English

Päijänne Tavastia (a region in Finland; official name: Päijät-Häme)


EAM

external auditory meatus
external auditory meatus#English

(anatomy) Initialism of external auditory meatus.


EAM

The EAM said that the post Cold War era has opened up new opportunities for cooperation between the two countries. The EAM conveyed India's hope to work closely with Iran in the international forums.

1995, BBC, Summary of World Broadcasts - Asia Pacific, page 3:

In the words of Indian EAM Swaraj, the dialogue is “the starting point for a new era in relations between India and Central Asia."

2020, Anil Sigdel, India in the Era of China’s Belt and Road Initiative: How Modi Responds to Xi, →ISBN, page 44:

External Affairs Minister
w:Minister of External Affairs (India)

(India) Acronym of External Affairs Minister.

It was only a matter of time before EAM walked out of the provisional government in frustration over demands that the partisans demobilise.

2014 November 30, Ed Vulliamy, Helena Smith, The Guardian:

Against this background, EAM succeeded in establishing a Provisional Government in the mountains of ‘Free Greece’ in March 1944.

2019, Roderick Beaton, Greece: Biography of a Modern Country, Penguin, published 2020, page 285:

National Liberation Front
National Liberation Front

(now historical) Initialism of Ethnikó Apeleftherotikó Métopo, the Greek National Liberation Front.


Swale

From Old English *swalwe (“rushing water”), which could be related to swealwe. Also compare the proper noun Swallow.

A river, a tributary of the Ure in North Yorkshire, England.

The Swale, a channel between the Isle of Sheppey and the Kentish mainland.

A local government district with borough status in Kent, England, created in 1974 with its headquarters in Sittingbourne and named after the channel.


Little Russianness

An identity or attitude associated with Little Russia, favouring Russian culture and practices over Ukrainian ones.


Budapester

During the 1980s, its vivid streetlife became a symbol of the “consumer socialism” that distinguished Hungary from other Eastern Bloc states, but Budapesters today are rather less enamoured of Váci: dressed-to-kill babes and their sugar daddies would rather pose in malls, and teenagers can find McDonald's anywhere, leaving Váci utterly dependent on tourists for its livelihood and bustle.

2002, Charles Hebbert, Dan Richardson, The Rough Guide to Budapest, 2nd edition, London: Rough Guides, →ISBN, page 73:


South Norfolk

A local government district of Norfolk, England, created in 1974, with its headquarters in Long Stratton.


Artsakh

Artsakh (historic province)
Republic of Artsakh

The historian Movses Khorenatsi (an Armenian source from the fifth century AD according to some, and the eighth century AD, according to others) indicated that the province of Utik (along with Artsakh with which it was contiguous on the south) was part of the Armenian kingdom of the Ervandunis (or Orontids) between the fourth to second centuries BC.

1994, Levon Chorbajian, Patrick Donabédian, Claude Mutafian, The Caucasian Knot: The History & Geopolitics of Nagorno-Karabagh, Zed Books, page 53:

For the most part, Caucasian Albania (in Armenian, A[ġ]vank—that is Aghvank or Aghouank) only stretched a short way south of the Kura River. If there was a disputed province of ancient Armenia, it was Utik (which contained the town of Partav, at one time Caucasian Albania's capital, and the southern valley of the Kura), and not Artsakh, the more mountainous region corresponding to Karabakh and Shahumianovsk today.

2003 December 16, John Wright, Richard Schofield, Suzanne Goldenberg, Transcaucasian Boundaries, Routledge, page 91:

Khorenatsi indicated that the province of Utik, together with Artsakh adjoining it to the south, formed part of the Armenian kingdom of the Ervandunis (or Orontids) in the fourth to second centuries BC.

2016 May 13, Ohannes Geukjian, Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict in the South Caucasus: Nagorno-Karabakh and the Legacy of Soviet Nationalities Policy, Routledge, page 30:

(historical) One of the 15 provinces of Greater Armenia.


North Norfolk

Litchfield County
Litchfield County#English

A neighbourhood of Norfolk, Litchfield County, Connecticut, United States.


Teagueland

O who'll march for me? now speak any that dare, / A horse and a hundred pounds for him, that's fair; / Dear courtier excuse me from Teagueland and slaughter, / And take, which you please, my wife or my daughter.

1690, Thomas Brown, “The Cavalcade, and disbanding the Royal Regiment; a Ballad fo Jo. Haynes, 1690”, in Works of Mr. Thomas Brown, 8th edition, volume 4, London: Henry Lintot & Charles Hitch, published 1744, page 275, stanza 16:

To Teagueland we this beauty owe, / Teagueland her earliest charms did know

a. 1706, Charles Sackville, The Antiquated Coquet:


Shinkin-ap-Morgan

A stereotypical Welsh name. From Jenkins ap (“son of”) Morgan. Compare English Taffy.

With Shinkin-ap-Morgan, with Blue-cap, or Teague, / We into no Covenant enter, nor League.

c. 1660–1663, “A Begger I'll Be”, in Farmer, John Stephen, editor, Musa Pedestris, published 1896, page 29:


Roskomnadzor

From Russian Роскомнадзо́р (Roskomnadzór).

bor

Роскомнадзо́р

The Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology and Mass Media: a Russian federal executive body responsible for censorship in media and telecommunications.


ruchnik

From Russian ручни́к (ručník) or Belarusian ручні́к (ručník).


Ukrainophobe

Someone who fears or hates Ukrainians or Ukrainian influence.

украинофо́б

one who fears or hates Ukraine or Ukrainians


North East Derbyshire

A local government district of Derbyshire, England, created in 1974.


Central Bedfordshire

A unitary authority in Bedfordshire, England, created in 2009 on the merger of Mid Bedfordshire and South Bedfordshire districts.


Rockall

An uninhabited islet in the north Atlantic Ocean, claimed by the United Kingdom.


Circle

A town, the county seat of McCone County, Montana, United States. Named after a cattle brand in the form of a circle.


Geta

A Roman emperor who ruled from 209 to 211 C.E..


Zelendvor

From Serbo-Croatian Zelendvor, from zelen (“green”) + dvor (“castle, palace”).


Black Army

Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine

(history) A Ukrainian army of anarchist peasants and other workers during the Russian Civil War.


Makhnovshchina

From Russian махно́вщина (maxnóvščina) or Ukrainian махно́вщина (maxnóvščyna). Both mean "the thing relating to Makhno", and are equivalent to Махно (Maxno) + -ов (-ov) + -ский (-skij) + -ина (-ina).


Portmuthian

Portmuthians are proud of the fact that Englishmen cannot consider their national history without considering the part which Portsmouth played in it.

1938, The Library Association Record, volume 40, page 218:


three stops short of Dagenham

en-adj

three stops short of Dagenham (not comparable)

/ˌθɹiː stɒps ˈʃɔːt əv ˈdæɡən(ə)m/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-three stops short of Dagenham.wav

/ˌθɹi stɑps ˈʃɔɹt əv ˈdæɡənəm/

The term refers to the location of Barking station on the District line of the London Underground, which is three stops west of Dagenham Heathway tube station, in allusion to the phrase barking mad.

If you don't already insist on the word "unrefined" being on your bags of sugar, I am willing to bet that you will from this day forth, unless you: a) suffer from a particularly virulent inability to be influenced for the better by anyone or anything; b) are three stops short of Dagenham (check it out on a Tube map); or c) are so uninterested in sourcing good ingredients that you shouldn't be let loose in the kitchen.

2001 March 15, Tamasin Day-Lewis, “So wonderfully unrefined”, in Charles Moore, editor, The Daily Telegraph, London: Telegraph Media Group, →ISSN, →OCLC:

[...] Floral Highnotes brilliantly combined opera and flower-arranging in what can only be described as a performance that was three stops short of Dagenham. Which is to say, for those not au fait with the London Underground, Barking.

2010 April 18, Robert Epstein, “Britain’s got plenty of exhibitionists, but has it got talent?”, in The Independent, London: Independent News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-06-04:

He winked at me. ‘Now, my friend, I’m three stops short of Dagenham.’ / ‘Three stops short of Dagenham?’ I asked. / Bert roared with laughter. ‘Barking, mate,’ he said. ‘I’m fucking barking.’

2011, Jimmy Frazier, “Barry’s Nose”, in Nurse! Nurse!: A Student Nurse’s Story, London: Constable & Robinson, →ISBN:

If you invest in a business where even they say they won't make money, you're three stops short of Dagenham.

2011 May 22, Justin Urquhart Stewart, “Money briefing: May 22”, in The Times, London: News UK, →ISSN, →OCLC:

On the other side of the room, a crowd has gathered around a box of chocolate cupcakes filled with Marmite from chic London bakery LOLA's. It sounds three stops short of Dagenham (Barking), but, strangely, it works.

2014 June 19, Emma Hughes, “Town Mouse on some Cupcakes with a Difference”, in Mark Hedges, editor, Country Life, London: TI Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-08-08:

If you told even the most loyal residents of Barking that their station was a masterpiece they’d probably think you were three stops short of Dagenham.

2019 March 1, “Evening Standard comment: […] Barking is just bellissimo”, in George Osborne, editor, Evening Standard, London: Evening Standard, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-04-01:

Barking station
Dagenham Heathway tube station
District line
London Underground


East Ayrshire

A council area of Scotland, one of 32 created in 1996, with its headquarters in Kilmarnock.


Northern Macedonia

[What of] Greeks, Gypsies, etc. living in that part of Upper or Northern Macedonia (beyond the Greek border) which was incorporated into modern Yugoslavia and Bulgaria after the First World War?

1991, Apostolos Euangelou Vacalopoulos, Contemporary ethnological problems in the Balkans:

The All-Greek Association of Northern Macedonia (“Makedonomasi”) appealed to the citizens of Thessaloniki and Greek Macedonia, and the associations of Macedonians living in Greece, to join the [meeting].

2016, John Shea, Macedonia and Greece: The Struggle to Define a New Balkan Nation, McFarland, →ISBN, page 308:

Republic of Northern Macedonia
Republic of Northern Macedonia

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

(nonstandard) The Republic of Northern Macedonia, formerly known as the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia.


Republic of Northern Macedonia

the Republic of Northern Macedonia (canonical)

An alternative translation of Macedonian Република Северна Македонија (Republika Severna Makedonija).

calque

Република Северна Македонија

Greece and Macedonia have reached a historic accord to resolve a dispute over the former Yugoslav republic's name that has troubled relations between the two neighbors for decades. ¶ Under the deal, Macedonian Prime Minister Zoran Zaev said his country would officially be called the Republic of Northern Macedonia.

[2018 June 18, “Macedonia becomes the Republic of Northern Macedonia”, in NBC News:

Billboards are changed from Republic of Macedonia to Republic of Northern Macedonia along the border with Greece on February 13.

[2019 February 14, “‘Welcome To North Macedonia’ Signs Greet Balkan Travelers”, in Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty:

The name “Macedonia” has been a bone of contention between modern Greece and the mainly Slavic Republic of Northern Macedonia.

2020 June 11, Mike Markowitz, “CoinWeek Ancient Coin Series: Macedon Before Alexander”, in CoinWeek, footnote 1:

Republic of North Macedonia
Republic of North Macedonia


Anti-Fascist Protection Wall

(historical) Synonym of Berlin Wall (from the perspective of East Germany).


German Democratic Republican

en-noun

German Democratic Republican (plural German Democratic Republicans)


Caligula

From Latin Caligula, from caliga (“leather boot”) + -ula.

Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, Roman emperor from 37 to 41 CE.


Diocletianic

the Diocletian persecution

Of or relating to the Roman emperor Diocletian.


Spaniolize

en-verb

Spaniolize (third-person singular simple present Spaniolizes, present participle Spaniolizing, simple past and past participle Spaniolized)

Spaniolizes (present singular third-person)
Spaniolizing (participle present)
Spaniolized (participle past)
Spaniolized (past)

In the State trial he or she was accused of something else, something that would fit in otherwise with State policy. He might be accused of " Spaniolizing," or hasty indecent speech, or she of light conduct, or I know not what.

1897, Standish O'Grady, The Flight of the Eagle, page 100:

Upon this, Tomazo advises with his friend Don Pedro; and as they two were not wont to Spaniolize in their consultations, the matter was so ordered to the Prince's satisfaction likewise that Don Tomazo, as much to his satisfaction likewise, received the £100.

1961, Spiro Peterson -, The counterfeit lady unveiled, page 261:

(intransitive) To act in support of Spain.


aranzada

Borrowed from Spanish aranzada, from aranzata (“ration”), from Old Spanish arenzo and arienço (“Spanish coin”), from Latin argenteus (“silvery, silver piece”).

der

(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of land area, equivalent to about 4472 m², chiefly used for vinyards and olive groves.


aranzada

From Sicilian aranciu, from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Classical Persian نارنگ (nārang, “orange”), from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “orange tree”), from Dravidian.

A Sicilian dessert made from candied orange peel in honey and toasted almonds.


dogmonaut

(humorous, rare) A dog sent to space by the Soviet space program.


black clergy

In Russia, the regular or monastic clergy, as distinct from the secular or parochial.


Edinbronian

The impression she left upon the Edinbronians was so vivid that they didn't care for Celeste after her, and they wouldn't stand Webster at any price after Murray in " Muster Grinnidge."

1890, John Coleman, Players and Playwrights I Have Known:

Alternatively there may be a sly joke here as the Highlander Ramsay is more 'northern' than the Edinbronian Hume.

2015, Michael Morris, Scotland and the Caribbean, c.1740-1833: Atlantic Archipelagos, →ISBN:

The wind wasn't so fierce but few Edinbronians had ventured out.

2015, Douglas Corleone, Gone Cold: A Simon Fisk Thriller, →ISBN, page 124:


Edinbourgeois

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Edinbourgeois.wav

Brian Cassells' theory about morbid publicity being good publicity had proved incorrect and the average Edinbourgeois was too affronted by the title alone to consider seeing the show.

2011, Simon Brett -, So Much Blood, →ISBN:

Christopher Wallace, originally German but now an Edinbourgeois, in his The Resurrection Club (1999) queries the dissection and consumption of ourselves through markets of memory like Edinburgh Festivals.

2012, Caroline McCracken-Flesher, The Doctor Dissected: A Cultural Autopsy of the Burke and Hare Murders, →ISBN:

In 1822 the Edinbourgeois started to build the Parthenon on top of the Calton Hill, to commemorate the war.

2014, Christopher Harvie, Scotland: A Short History: new edition, →ISBN, page 148:


Edinburger

At this time there happened to be a traveling skeptic in Edinburg, who was determined not to enter a church, or pay the least deference to the religious habits of the God-fearing Edinburgers.

1875, Wayside Gleanings in Europe, page 19:

Why would he want to become an Edinburger? He's proud of his Fife roots.

2013, Daniel Gray, Stramash!: Tackling Scotland's Towns and Teams, →ISBN, page 108:

Socially, Edinburgh is a finely balanced mixture of middle and working classes; conservative in manner, often muted in voice, Edinburgers are perhaps the polar opposites to the brash, tanned, self-aggrandizing population of its near neighbour, Glasgow.

2014, Andrew-Henry Bowie, The Death of Mr. Grumble, →ISBN:


toesa

From Spanish and Portuguese toesa, from French toise. Doublet of toise.

(historical) The Portuguese toise, a traditional unit of length, equivalent to about 2 m.


Republic of North Macedonia

the Republic of North Macedonia (canonical)

Suggested as a name for the republic since at least the 1990s; the official name of the country since February 2019.

2019, Republic of North Macedonia Presidential Election, 21 April and 5 May 2019: ODIHR Election Observation Mission Final Report:

The Republic of North Macedonia is in south-eastern Europe, on the western side of the Balkan Peninsula.

2020, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Agro-ecological atlas of the Republic of North Macedonia, Food & Agriculture Org., page 6

Republic of Macedonia
Republic of Macedonia

Country situated north of Greece and west of Bulgaria on the Balkan Peninsula, formerly partially recognised as the Republic of Macedonia.

Republiek Noord-Masedonië

Republic of North Macedonia — see also North Macedonia

北マケドニア共和国

きたマケドニアきょうわこく


North Macedonia

/nɔːθ ˌmæs.əˈdəʊ.nɪ.ə/

From north + Macedonia. Suggested as a name for the republic since at least the 1990s. Part of the official name of the country since February 2019.

For quotations using this term, see Citations:North Macedonia.

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Republic of North Macedonia
Republic of North Macedonia#English

A country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. Official name: Republic of North Macedonia. Capital and largest city: Skopje. Part of Yugoslavia until 1992. The current name was adopted in 2019 to resolve a naming dispute with Greece.


Bankova

After Ukrainian Банкова (Bankova), from вулиця Банкова (vulycja Bankova, “Bank Street”), the location of the offices of the presidential administration in Kyiv, Ukraine.

The burst of optimism in December 1999 that followed the confirmation of Viktor Yushchenko as prime minister died out in 2000, when Kuchma and the Presidential Administration at Bankova did not support Yushchenko and his reform program with the Rada. In 2001, Bankova abandoned Yushchenko comletely, letting the Rada vote him out of power.

2017, Steven Pifer, The Eagle and the Trident: U.S.—Ukraine Relations in Turbulent Times, Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, →ISBN, page 318:

[p 55] There were no doubts in authenticity of Melnychenko’s recordings, which was mainly corroborated by the panic that reigned in Bankova Street after Moroz’s press conference. In the evening, I was told that Yulia Mostovaya and Slava Pihovshek had visited the presidential administration. The leading Ukrainian journalists were usual guests on Bankova Street and personally communicated with all participants of Melnychenko’s tapes.
[p 146] When meeting Melnychenko in the Bankova corridors, Marchuk would divert his eyes elsewhere.

2013, Volodymyr Tsvil, Kuchmagate and Collapse of the Orange Idea: Story Told by an Eyewitness, 3rd edition, Bloomington: AuthorHouse, →ISBN:

Meanwhile, having swallowed the bait, the opposition got involved in the game offered by the Bankova Street.

2003 August, Yulia Kyseliova, “Ukraine: Outcomes of the Political Season Winter–Summer 2003 Can We Rest on Our Laurels?”, in Przegla̦d środkowoeuropejski/Central European Review, number 34, page 14:

(by synecdoche, often with the) The presidential administration of Ukraine.

Bankova Street
Presidential Administration of Ukraine


fenodyree

(folklore) A little hairy sprite in the folklore of the Isle of Man.


Brandenburg Gate

An 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built after the restoration of order during the early Batavian Revolution, and now a major landmark.


garbure

en-noun

garbure (countable and uncountable, plural garbures)

A thick French stew of ham with cabbage and other vegetables and usually cheese and stale bread.


Germanise

en-verb

Germanise (third-person singular simple present Germanises, present participle Germanising, simple past and past participle Germanised)

Germanises (present singular third-person)
Germanising (participle present)
Germanised (participle past)
Germanised (past)


Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug

Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug
Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug

(historical) an autonomous okrug of the Soviet Union within Irkutsk Oblast; now part of Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug

Ustʹ-Ordýnskij Burjátskij avtonómnyj ókrug

Усть-Орды́нский Буря́тский автоно́мный о́круг


moio

From Portuguese moio, from Latin modius (“Roman peck of about 9 L”), from modus (“measure”) + -ius (“-y: forming adjectives”). Doublet of moyo.

der

(historical) A traditional Portuguese dry measure, equal to about 0.78–1.15 m³ at different places and times.


Serbo-Communism

(derogatory, politics) Yugoslavian socialism when viewed as a Serb political ideology.


People's Socialist Republic of Albania

en-proper noun

the People's Socialist Republic of Albania

(history) An anticapitalist country that existed from 1946 until 1992.

Albanijos Liaudies Socialistinė Respublika


Socialist Republic of Romania

the Socialist Republic of Romania (canonical)

(history) An anticapitalist country that existed from 1947 until 1989


Hungarian People's Republic

the Hungarian People's Republic (canonical)

(history) An anticapitalist country that existed from 1949 until 1989.


People's Republic of Bulgaria

the People's Republic of Bulgaria (canonical)

(history) An anticapitalist country that existed from 1946 until 1990.


Polish People's Republic

the Polish People's Republic (canonical)

(historical) A Marxist-Leninist country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989, the predecessor of the current Republic of Poland.


Czechoslovak Socialist Republic

the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (canonical)

(history) An socialist country in Central Europe that existed from 1948 until 1990.

Чехослова́цкая Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика

Чехослова́цька Соціалісти́чна Респу́бліка


gilet jaune

French protests are always lively, but as the journalist John Lichfield observed, “the white-hot anger” of the gilets jaunes was “something new and different”.

2023 November 17, Oliver Haynes, “Five years on, the world is failing to learn the gilets jaunes’ lesson about class and climate”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(usually in the plural) A yellow vest, a member of a French protest movement which started in 2018.


Twenty-Six Counties

(Ireland, informal) The twenty-six counties that form the Republic of Ireland.

na Sé Chontae is Fiche

the 26 counties that comprise the Republic of Ireland


Hemshin

A member of a subethnic unit of the Armenian people, which in the past or present has been affiliated with the Hemşin district in the province of Rize, Turkey


Tsaghkotn

(historical) One of the cantons of Ayrarat province of Greater Armenia.

Tsalkotn

from the historical Old Armenian pronunciation


magnitizdat

From Russian магнитизда́т (magnitizdát).

bor

магнитизда́т

(historical) The unofficial copying and distribution of audio tape recordings in the Soviet Union that were not available commercially.


F.Y.R. Macedonia

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia#English

Initialism of former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, former official name of Northern Macedonia.


Castle Point

Castle Point, Missouri
Castle Point, New York

A hamlet in Dutchess County, New York, United States


Runet

From Russian Руне́т (Runɛ́t) or blend of Russian + Internet.

The Russian-language community on the Internet and websites

Ռունետ

the Russian-language community on the Internet and websites


Aosta Valley

An autonomous region of northwestern Italy, with a significant fraction of the population speaking Franco-Provençal. Capital and largest city: Aosta.


Marble Arch

Marble Arch (canonical)
the Marble Arch (canonical)

/mɑːbəl ˈɑːt͡ʃ/

A landmark in Central London which lends its name to the surrounding area.


Hertsmere

From Herts (“Hertfordshire”) + mere (“boundary”).

af

A local government district with borough status of Hertfordshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Borehamwood


Welwyn Hatfield

Named after its main towns, Welwyn Garden City and Hatfield.

Welwyn Garden City
Welwyn Garden City#English

A local government district with borough status of Hertfordshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Welwyn Garden City


Broxbourne

A local government district with borough status in Hertfordshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Cheshunt


Tandridge

A local government district of Surrey, England, formed in 1974 and named after the village, with its headquarters in Oxted. The old Tandridge Hundred was in the same area.


Reigate and Banstead

A local government district with borough status of Surrey, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Reigate


Mole Valley

Named after the valley of the River Mole.

A local government district of Surrey, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Dorking


Surrey Heath

A local government district with borough status of Surrey, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Camberley


Bracknell Forest

A local government district with borough status of Berkshire, England, renamed from Bracknell in May 1988, and converted to a unitary authority in April 1998.


Aylesbury Vale

A local government district of Buckinghamshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Aylesbury. The district was abolished on 1 April 2020 when Buckinghamshire became a unitary authority.


Folkestone and Hythe

A local government district of Kent, England, renamed from Shepway in April 2018, with its headquarters in Folkestone


Tonbridge and Malling

A local government district with borough status of Kent, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in West Malling


Rushmoor

From Old English risc (“rush”) + mor (“moor”).

A local government district with borough status of Hampshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Farnborough


Ribble Valley

A local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Clitheroe.


Fylde

A local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England.


South Ribble

Situated on the south side of the River Ribble

A local government district with borough status of Lancashire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Leyland


West Lancashire

A local government district with borough status of Lancashire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Ormskirk


Blackburn with Darwen

A borough and unitary authority in Lancashire, England, formed in 1974 and renamed from Blackburn in May 1997


Hyndburn

A local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England, formed in 1974 and named after the river, with its headquarters in Accrington


Rossendale

The Rossendale Valley and Forest of Rossendale are within the borough.

A local government district with borough status in Lancashire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Bacup.


Nuneaton and Bedworth

A local government district with borough status in Warwickshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Nuneaton.


Hinckley and Bosworth

The Bosworth part of the name is Market Bosworth.

A local government district with borough status of Leicestershire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Hinckley


Blaby

en-proper noun

Blaby (countable and uncountable, plural Blabys)

From the unattested Old Norse personal name *Blár, a byname from blár (“dark”), + bý (“farmstead”).

A village and civil parish in Blaby district, Leicestershire, England (OS grid ref SP5697).


Breckland

A local government district in Norfolk formed in 1974 and named after the region, with its headquarters in Dereham


Oadby and Wigston

A local government district with borough status of Leicestershire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Wigston Magna


King's Lynn and West Norfolk

A local government district with borough status of Norfolk, England, formed in 1974 with the name West Norfolk and renamed in 1981. Its headquarters are in King's Lynn.


Charnwood

A local government district with borough status in Leicestershire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Loughborough. It was named after Charnwood Forest.


Staffordshire Moorlands

A local government district of Staffordshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Leek


Cannock Chase

A local government district in Staffordshire formed in 1974 and named after the above area, with its headquarters in the town of Cannock


East Staffordshire

Burton upon Trent
Burton upon Trent#English

A local government district with borough status in Staffordshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Burton upon Trent


Woodspring

a local government district in the former County of Avon, formed in 1974 and renamed North Somerset in 1996.


Bath and North East Somerset

A unitary authority in the historical county of Somerset, England formed in April 1996 on the abolition of the County of Avon from Bath and Wansdyke districts. Not administered as a part of Somerset although historically in that county.


Northavon

South Gloucestershire
South Gloucestershire#English

a local government district in the former county of Avon, England, formed in 1974 and merged into South Gloucestershire in 1996.


Telford and Wrekin

A unitary authority with borough status in Shropshire, England, formed in 1974 as The Wrekin District and renamed in 1998.


Rushcliffe

A local government district with borough status of Nottinghamshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in West Bridgford


Bassetlaw

A local government district of Nottinghamshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Worksop


Newark and Sherwood

A local government district of Nottinghamshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Newark-on-Trent


West Lindsey

A local government district of Lincolnshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Gainsborough


Redcar and Cleveland

A borough and unitary authority in North Yorkshire, England , with its headquarters in Redcar. It was originally formed in 1974 as Langbaurgh, receiving its present name in 1996 on the abolition of Cleveland County.


Brighton and Hove

A unitary authority and city in East Sussex, England, formed in 1997 on the merger of the towns of Brighton and Hove. It was granted city status in 2001.


North East Lincolnshire

A unitary authority in Lincolnshire, England, formed in 1996 from the boroughs of Great Grimsby and Cleethorpes on the abolition of the county of Humberside, with its headquarters in Grimsby. It is not administered as part of the county of Lincolnshire.


North Hertfordshire

A local government district of Hertfordshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Letchworth


Mid Suffolk

A local government district of Suffolk, England, formed in 1974


East Hertfordshire

Bishop's Stortford
Bishop's Stortford#English

A local government district of Hertfordshire, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Bishop's Stortford


Basingstoke and Deane

A local government district with borough status in Hampshire, England, formed in 1974 as Basingstoke and renamed in 1978


Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole

A unitary authority in Dorset, England, formed on 1 April 2019, which replaced and merged the boroughs in these three towns


Mid Sussex

A local government district of West Sussex, England, formed in 1974, with its headquarters in Haywards Heath


Adur

A river in West Sussex, England, which flows into the English Channel


Boris bus

Named after Boris Johnson, mayor of London from 2008–2016.

Sadiq Khan has dumped the "Boris bus", a key part of the now foreign secretary's legacy as London mayor, because it is too expensive to produce.

2016 December 31, Daniel Boffey, “London's 'Boris bus' reaches end of road as Sadiq Khan halts purchases”, in The Guardian:

The new Routemaster (dubbed the “Boris Bus”) was a hybrid diesel-electric double-decker that retained the “hop-on, hop-off” rear open platform of the original Routemasters but with updated features that made it fully accessible.

[2022, Victoria R. Williams, London: Geography, History, and Culture, Bloomsbury, →ISBN:

(UK, informal) A particular type of double-decker bus used in London, as popularized by mayor Boris Johnson; New Routemaster.


douzeper

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-douzeper.wav

From Middle English dosse per, dousse-per (“one of Charlemagne’s twelve peers or paladins; one of the twelve great peers of France at later times; a famous knight or noble”) [and other forms], treated as a singular form of dosse pers, dousse pers [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman, Middle French douse pers, douze pers [and other forms], and Old French douze pers, doze pers, duze pers (“Charlemagne’s twelve peers; twelve great peers of France at later times”) [and other forms] (also in the singular forms doze per, duze per, and in Anglo-Norman and Middle French written with a Roman numeral as XII pers), from doze, douze (“twelve”) (modern French douze) + pers (plural of per (“peer”); modern French pair). Doze is derived from Latin duodecim (“twelve”), from duo (“two”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁ (“two”)) + decem (“ten”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥ (“ten”)); per is derived from Latin pār (“equal; like”).

ref

From Marion Florence Lansing (1910) “The Battle of Ronceval”, in Page, Esquire, and Knight: A Book of Chivalry (The Open Road Library of Juvenile Literature), Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Ginn and Company, →OCLC, section I (Of the Council of Charlemagne), page 104.

nb...

(Late Middle English) doseper, (Middle English) dose-per, dosi-per, dosse-per, dous-per, doþþeper, doze-per, dozepiere, dozze-per, duche-per, duge-per, duse-per, dus-per, dusse per, duze-per, duzsi-per, duzze-per, (Early Middle English) duzeper

dosiperes, dosipers, dosiperus, dosseperes, dosseperez, dosze-peres, dosȝe perys, douseperes, dousepers, douspiers, douspyers, dousse pers, doussepyers, doussypers, dousȝepeeris, douȝ piers, dozepeers, dozepers, doȝze pers, doþþeperen, doþþe peres, doþþepers, ducheperes, duchepers, dugeperes, dugepers, duȝperis, duseperis, dusperes, duspers, dusseperes, dussepers, dusse-pers, dussiperes, dusze pers, duzepers, duze pers, duzsipiers, duzze peers, duzze peres

And whan the realme of Frãce was fallen to him [Charles IV of France], he was crowned by the assent of the twelve dowspiers of Fraunce; and thã, bicause they wold nat that the realme of Frãce shulde be long without an heyre male, they aduysed by their counsell, that the kyng shulde be remaryed agayne, and so he was to the doughter of the Emperour Henry of Lucenbourg, […]

1523, John Froissart, “Howe Phylypp of Ualois was Crowned Kyng of Fraunce”, in John Bourchier, Lord Berners [i.e., John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners], transl., Sir John Froissart’s Chronicles of England, France, Spain, Portugal, Scotland, Brittany, Flanders, and the Adjoining Countries; […], volume I, London: […] [J. McCreery] for F. C. and J. Rivington; […], published 1812, →OCLC, page 30:

The Frenche kyng that ſucceded his father at the kalendes of Aprill, the .xxv. day of July, cometh to Rains to be crowned. […] After reſorte to the churche thoſe that are called the Douzeperes of Fraunce, which are twelue in nomber. The Byſhop of Rains, Landune, Langres, Beauuois, Noion and Challon, Than the kyng of Nauarre, the Dukes of Uandome, Guiſe, Niuerne, Mompenſer, and Inmalle. Theſe repreſented the Dukes of Burgundie, Normandie and Guienne, moreouer the Erles of Tolouſe, Flaunders and Champaine. Of the Byſhoppes were choſen two, Langres and Beauuois, alſo two Cardinalles, to go fetche the kyng to the church, […]

1560, [Johannes Sleidanus], “The Nyntenth Booke of Sleidanes Commentaryes, Concerning the State of Religion, and the Common Weale, during the Reigne of the Empyre of Charles the Fyfte”, in Ihon Daus [i.e., John Daus], transl., A Famovse Cronicle of Oure Time, Called Sleidanes Commentaries, Concerning the State of Religion and Common Wealth, during the Raigne of the Emperour Charles the Fift, […], London: […] Ihon Daye, for Abraham Veale, and Nicholas England. […], →OCLC, folio ccxcij, verso:

(by extension, historical) One of the twelve nobles granted feudal territories or episcopal sees by the King of France in return for their fealty (namely the Archbishop-Duke of Rheims; the Bishop-Dukes of Laon and Langres; the Bishop-Counts of Beauvais, Chalons, and Noyon, the Dukes of Normandy, Burgundy, and Aquitaine; and the Counts of Toulouse, Flanders and Champagne).

doze per

one of the twelve nobles granted feudal territories or episcopal sees by the King of France in return for their fealty


Soviet Armenia

Soviet Socialist Republic
Soviet Socialist Republic

One of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics that made up the former Soviet Union (1920-1991, name changed in 1990). Became independent as the Republic of Armenia in 1991, after the collapse of the USSR.

საბჭოთა სომხეთი

Soviet Armenia — see also Soviet Armenia


Euroimperialism

From Euro- + imperialism. Attested since the 1970s.

Or Euroimperialism. It is merely a political slogan. And I have not yet lost my sense of reality.

1979, Latin America Report, number 2082, Joint Publications Research Service, page 7:


Baltics

A region of Eastern Europe consisting of these three states.


Polonophile

Edgar Allan Poe was a self-declared Polonophile and an admirer of Poland's struggle for regaining independence.

A person who admires Poland or its culture, cuisine, history or people.


Centre-Val de Loire

administrative region
administrative region

An administrative region in central France, previously named Centre.

Центр — Долина Луары m or f (Centr — Dolina Luary)

Центр — Долина Луари m or f (Centr — Dolyna Luary)


Nouvelle-Aquitaine

Borrowed from French Nouvelle-Aquitaine (literally “New Aquitaine”).

bor+

An administrative region in southwestern France, established in 2016 by the merger of Aquitaine, Limousin, and Poitou-Charentes.


Italian tree cricket

en-noun

Italian tree cricket (plural Italian tree crickets)

A species of tree cricket, Oecanthus pellucens, common across Europe and around the Mediterranean.


troop the colour

en-verb

troop the colour (third-person singular simple present troops the colour, present participle trooping the colour, simple past and past participle trooped the colour)

troops the colour (present singular third-person)
trooping the colour (participle present)
trooped the colour (participle past)
trooped the colour (past)

(Commonwealth) To perform the traditional military ceremony of having ensigns slowly march with their colours (flags) between the ranks, to enable soldiers to recognise their regiments' colours.


Italian Social Republic

collaborationist state
collaborationist state

(fascism) A collaborationist state that existed from 1943 to 1945.


Kingdom of Italy

Ostrogothic Kingdom
Ostrogothic Kingdom#English


Bakuvian

The vast majority of Bakuvians identify themselves as Muslims but tend to see Islam as a badge of national identity as much as a strict religious code. Nearly two centuries of Russian rule added a strong European cultural element including a wide acceptance of alcohol as social lubricant. Although the small percentage of women who opt for Islamic dress is growing, a far greater proportion of Bakuvian ladies favour lavish make-up and toweing stilettoes over flapping chadors.


Socialist Republic of Slovenia

(historical) A constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, existent from 1945 to the early 1990s.


normandize

normandize (third-person singular simple present normandizes, present participle normandizing, simple past and past participle normandized)

normandizes (present singular third-person)
normandizing (participle present)
normandized (participle past)
normandized (past)

The Army Chief of Staff [Omar Bradley] lamented the country's great vulnerability. "All we have right now," [David E.] Lilenthal paraphrases Bradley, parenthetically filling in the blanks he had left in his diary for the sake of security, "but all, is (our A-bomb stockpile). Without that we are helpless to aid our friends and must, if they are overrun, try to hold our foes off from home base; never again able to normandize (invade Europe)."

1995, Richard Rhodes, chapter 20, in Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb:

The United States would never again be able to "normandize," that is, to invade Europe as it had in 1944.

1999, Lisle Abbott Rose, The Cold War Comes to Main Street: America in 1950, page 98:


Sun King

(sobriquet) Louis XIV, king of France between 1643 and 1715


rootless cosmopolitan

en-noun

rootless cosmopolitan (plural rootless cosmopolitans)

Calque of Russian безро́дный космополи́т (bezródnyj kosmopolít).

calque

безро́дный космополи́т

(euphemistic, derogatory) A Jew, particularly in the context of the antisemitic campaign in the Soviet Union from 1948 to 1953.


Bogdania

From Bogdan I of Moldavia, founder of a dynasty, from Proto-Slavic *Bogъdanъ.

(historical) Moldavia, Great Wallachia, the territory between Transylvania and the Dniester north of Wallachia and south of Lithuania, conquered by the Ottomans in 1512

Bogdan I of Moldavia
House of Bogdan-Mușat

بُغْدَان

the territory between Transylvania and the Dniester — see also Moldavia


Red Star

A depiction of a red star, often used as a symbol of communism and the Soviet Union.


Serbinization

Albanians in Yugoslavia were subject to policies of deliberate assimilation and Serbinization.

1984, Frederick L. Shiels, Ethnic Separatism and World Politics, Lanham, MD: University Press of America, →ISBN:

But the advent of Milosevic in 1987, his strong nationalist stance and drive for systematic Serbinization, the collapse of the Serbian Communist Party, which was turned into Serbian Socialist Party, made things more tensed and worser,

1992, Tun Thwin, Civil wars in Yugoslavia and Burma:

The Serbs from Belgrade argued that the colonization had injected artificially Croatian influence, while the Croats complained of Serbinization, as the colonists originated mainly from the Krajina.

2009, Robert Stallaerts, Historical Dictionary of Croatia, Scarecrow Press, →ISBN, page 28:


Macedonianization

Now I should like to throw some light on the beginnings of the present Yugoslavian policy of Macedonianization that is in full swing in Macedonia today.

However, unable to advance openly with its true goals, it reformed its plan; firstly, to force Macedonianization upon the people, and with that to drive out the Bulgarian propaganda, and later on to switch the Macedoniansm into Serbianism.

In the brief period when this plan was implemented at Pirin Macedonia, communist cadres carried out an extensive Macedonianization campaign (see Nikolov, 2000, and Matzureff, 1978: 170-82 for details).

2002, Victor Roudometof, Collective Memory, National Identity, and Ethnic Conflict: Greece, Bulgaria, and the Macedonian Question, Greenwood Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 78:


knyaz

(historical) Alternative form of knez (“duke or prince in medieval Slavic countries”)


Home Army

During World War II, the Home Army was the largest underground army in Europe organized to fight the German (and Soviet) occupying forces.

(history) the dominant Polish resistance movement in Poland, occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, during World War II.


quindecimvirate

From Latin quīndecimvirātus, from quīndecimvirī (“quinquevirs”) + -ātus (“-ate”).

(uncommon) A group of fifteen people, especially (politics) a council of fifteen men sharing office or rule, particularly such groups of magistrates in ancient Rome.


vigintisexvirate

From Latin vīgintisexvirātus, from vīginti (“twenty”) + sex (“six”) + vir (“man”) + -ātus (“-ate”).

A group of twenty-six men, especially (politics) a council of twenty-six men who share office or rule, particularly (historical) various such councils in ancient Rome.


Backstop

(UK) A proposed seamless border between Ireland and Northern Ireland in the event of Brexit.


Petty France

City of Westminster
City of Westminster#English

A named street in the City of Westminster, London SW1 (OS grid ref TQ2979).


Prahova Valley

The Prahova Valley (Valea Prahovei) follows the Prahova River between the Bucegi and Baiului mountains, part of the Carpathians, about 100km north of Bucharest.

2008, Lucy Mallows, Transylvania, Bradt Travel Guides, →ISBN, page 136:

The wide span of the Prahova Valley when emerging from the mountain zone, together with the terraced Subcarpathian slopes, are basically involved in the orientation and type of slope dynamics shaped by slope, fragmentation and exposure conditions.

2013, Claudio Margottini, Paolo Canuti, Kyoji Sassa, Landslide Science and Practice: Volume 3: Spatial Analysis and Modelling, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 384:

Nevertheless, they are often in critical situations along the main development axes and in urban centres - for instance, in Bucharest and other large cities, on Prahova Valley, Mures Valley etc.

2014, Alexandru Calcatinge, Critical Spaces: Contemporary Perspectives in Urban, Spatial and Landscape Studies, LIT Verlag Münster, →ISBN, page 275:


Hattonite

Someone from any of several localities in England called Hatton.


Guildfordian

The bonfire night celebrations in Victorian Guildford were a far cry from those familiar to Guildfordians today.

1985, Surrey Archaeological Collections:

Someone from or residing in Guildford, Surrey, England.


ukrop

From Russian укро́п (ukróp, “dill plant; Ukrainian person (pejorative)”), used in Russian slang due to the word's similarity to Украи́на (Ukraína, “Ukraine”).

bor

(derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur, Internet slang, uncommon) A Ukrainian person.


TfW

Transport for Wales
w:Transport for Wales


żubrówka

en-noun

żubrówka (countable and uncountable, plural żubrówkas)


Icelandicize

en-verb

Icelandicize (third-person singular simple present Icelandicizes, present participle Icelandicizing, simple past and past participle Icelandicized)

Icelandicizes (present singular third-person)
Icelandicizing (participle present)
Icelandicized (participle past)
Icelandicized (past)

In a few instances, both a foreign and an Icelandicised form may be encountered[.]

2022, Daisy L. Neijman, Icelandic: An Essential Grammar, Routledge, →ISBN, page 32:

The latter consists of the foreign word in Icelandicised form (spelling and pronunciation) which is given the weak past participle ending -aður so that it can be inflected.

2022, Daisy L. Neijman, Icelandic: An Essential Grammar, Routledge, →ISBN, page 290f.:


White Cliffs of Dover

A chalky region of English coastline, part of the North Downs formation, facing the Strait of Dover and France.


Argyll and Bute

A large council area on the west coast of Scotland.


North Lanarkshire

A council area of Scotland, one of 32 created in 1996.


Finland Swedish

the Swedish language as spoken by the Swedish-speaking population in Finland


Finland Swedish

The Finland Swedish population is concentrated on the coasts.

Of or pertaining to native Swedish-speakers living in Finland

There are many Finland Swedish dialects

Of or pertaining to the Swedish spoken natively in Finland


Stormont

The proposal requires Stormont to approve the special arrangements for Northern Ireland to remain aligned with the EU before the end of the transition period and every four years after that.

2019 October 3, Lisa O'Carroll, “What are the concerns over Stormont's role in proposed Brexit deal?”, in The Guardian:

Downing Street hopes the package, combined with parallel negotiations with the DUP over post-Brexit trading arrangements, will persuade the DUP leader, Jeffrey Donaldson, to restore Stormont after almost two years of political stasis.

2023 December 11, Rory Carroll, Ben Quinn, “Northern Irish leaders offered £2.5bn package in bid to revive Stormont”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

Northern Ireland Assembly
Northern Ireland Assembly

(metonymically, UK politics) The Northern Ireland Assembly.


morfa

[...] just inside the entrance to rabbits' burrows on the sandy "morfa" between Criccieth and Borth-y-gest, Carnarvonshire, and again in similar circumstances at Talybont [...] Fairly common in June on sandy "morfas" at Criccieth and Talybont, North Wales.

1947, James William Tutt, The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, volumes 59-60, page 46:

[…] makes good use of the level areas across the morfas which fringe the Welsh peninsula. As a result, the special achieved flying averages of over a mile-a-minute from Ferryside to Loughor, with a maximum of 74mph for the 5.6 miles between Kidwelly and Pembrey.

2000, The Railway Magazine, volume 146, page 54:

The wildlife of the morfa, the saltmarshes, reflects the diversity of their setting whilst being distinctly Welsh. There is nothing immutable about this landscape and its wildlife; its heritage is one of change.

2017 October 19, Clive Chatters, Saltmarsh, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 125:

(Wales) A low wetland periodically flooded by salt water; a salt marsh.


Hammersmith & City

Before we reach the Circle saga, two other extensions of the Met need to be mentioned. The first is the Hammersmith & City Railway - now the western part of the Hammersmith and City Line. It was built and jointly funded by the Metropolitan and the Great Western, even as they were arguing over operation of the Metropolitan.

2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 49:

(rail transport) A London Underground line which runs from Hammersmith to Barking via Paddington and King's Cross.


Overground

From overground, in contrast to the Underground.

Yes, it was rather bizarre to make a former underground line into part of a network called London Overground, and at Whitechapel the Overground goes under the Underground. But let's not spoil our happy ending for the East London Line.

2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 94:

(rail transport) The London Overground, a counterpart of London Underground operated by TfL (Transport for London), which operates some of the various lines around London which are mainly above ground.


Kazanian

From, of or pertaining to the Kazan Tatars, the "nominate" Tatarian ethnic group (who are indigenous people of Eastern Europe and Russia) that are simply called Tatars, distinguished from Crimean Tatars and Siberian Tatars.


Kazanian

A Kazan Tatar; a member of the "nominate" Tatarian ethnic group (who are indigenous people of Eastern Europe and Russia) that are simply called Tatars, distinguished from Crimean Tatars and Siberian Tatars.


fourth rail

It was the only line to operate by means of the third-rail system (as distinct from the fourth-rail system now universal on all London's Underground railways) and its coaches were of different design and appearance from those on other systems.

1948 January and February, C. R. L. Coles, “The Grouping Era”, in Railway Magazine, page 21:

The railway used the 'Third Rail' system of electrification, like all the early Tubes. (But it would soon be replaced across the network by another system even more exciting - Fourth''' Rail!)

2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 103:

(rail transport) An extra rail in addition to the third rail (live rail) which is used for current return purposes, mainly by London Underground, because of problems caused by using the running rails for current return underground.


Punkie Night

From punkie (“lantern similar to a jack-o’-lantern”) + night.

(South West England, chiefly Somerset) A night near the end of October, related to Halloween, observed in parts of South West England by the displaying of punkies (“lanterns similar to jack-o'-lanterns”), and traditionally by children begging for candles for their punkies and threatening people who refuse their requests.


North Macedonian

2019, The Facebook page ‘Vets for Trump’ was hijacked by a North Macedonian businessman. It took months for the owners to get it back., The Washington Post:

North Macedonian police raid house, find 81 migrants.

2019, North Macedonian police raid house, find 81 migrants, United States: The Washington Post:


North Macedonian

en-noun

North Macedonian (plural North Macedonians)

Rajhl, 54, a North Macedonian, said that ahead of the fall of Kabul, his employer Kam Air, the largest Afghan private airline, had contingency plans to rebase its three Boeing 737s and three Airbus 340 to Ukraine's capital Kyiv.

2021, Ognen Teofilovski, "We sneaked past the crowd": Airline pilot recounts escape from Kabul, Reuters:

A native or inhabitant of North Macedonia.

Noord-Masedoniër

a native or inhabitant of North Macedonia


Severus

An ancient Roman cognomen, notably that of Septimius Severus.

Sévère

an ancient Roman cognomen, notably that of Septimius Severus


Elagabalus

ĕl'əgăbʹələs

/ˌɛləˈɡæbələs/

From Latin Elagabalus. The emperor is named for the deity, whose name is from an Arabic name whose elements are إِلٰه (ʔilāh, “god”) and Arabic جَبَل (jabal, “mountain”).

Elagabalus, who was a Sun-god and the patron deity of Emesa, was worshipped […]

1958, Ivar Lissner, Power and Folly: The Story of the Caesars:

Obviously, they hoped to conceal the failure of their unhappy experiment in emperorship before, when they stressed the priesthood of Syrian Emesa's main deity Elagabalus as the key factor […]

2019, Elias Koulakiotis, Charlotte Dunn, Political Religions in the Greco-Roman World, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, →ISBN, page 111:

The deity Elagabal, venerated in ancient times at Emesa in Syria (and later elsewhere in the Roman Empire), identified with a large black stone.


Rhondda Cynon Taf

Named after three main rivers within the county borough; the Welsh spelling of the River Taff has been adopted here.

A county borough in South Wales formed in 1996.


Blaenau Gwent

A county borough of South Wales, first formed in 1974 as a local government district.


Horky

Any of several settlements in the Czech Republic.


West Devon

A local government district with borough status of Devon, England.


South Ayrshire

A council area of Scotland, one of 32 formed in 1996; it has its headquarters in the town of Ayr.


Eastalgia

Blend of East + nostalgia, a calque of German Ostalgie.


East Dorset

A former local government district of Dorset, England, formed in 1974 and abolished in 2019 when the Dorset unitary authority was formed.


Northern Isles

A pair of archipelagos off the north coast of mainland Scotland, comprising Orkney and Shetland.


Neath Port Talbot

A county borough and unitary authority in South Wales formed in 1996.


North Ayrshire

A council area of Scotland, one of 32 formed in 1996, with its headquarters in Irvine. It includes the Isle of Arran.


Cumbric

From Cumbria + -ic under influence from Welsh Cymraeg (“Welsh (language)”). Doublet of Cymric.

A Brythonic-Celtic language (code xcb) closely related to Welsh that was spoken in Northern England and Southern Scotland but went extinct in perhaps the 13th century.


Bulgarian Orthodox Church

the Bulgarian Orthodox Church (canonical)

One of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian churches.

Gereja Ortodoks Bulgaria

one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian churches


Georgian Orthodox Church

the Georgian Orthodox Church (canonical)

sakartvelos samocikulo avṭoḳepaluri martlmadidebeli eḳlesia

საქართველოს სამოციქულო ავტოკეფალური მართლმადიდებელი ეკლესია


Somerset West and Taunton

A former local government district in Somerset, England, formed on 1 April 2019 on the merger of West Somerset and Taunton Deane districts, and abolished without replacement on 1 April 2023.


marzban

(historical) A class of margraves, warden of the marches, and by extension military commanders, in charge of border provinces of the Parthian Empire (247 BC–224 AD) and mostly Sasanian Empire (224–651 AD) of Iran


Heads of the Valleys Road

The A465 trunk road in Wales, so-called for at least part of its length as it crosses the tops of the South Wales Valleys.


new class

(derogatory) The privileged ruling class of bureaucrats and Communist Party functionaries that arose in states that followed the Soviet style of communism.


Community of Madrid

autonomous community
autonomous community

An autonomous community of Spain. Capital: Madrid.


Fenchurch Street

Fenchurch Street
Fenchurch Street railway station

A street in the City of London, between Gracechurch Street and Aldgate.


Archipelago Sea

A part of the Baltic Sea between the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland and the Sea of Åland, within Finnish territorial waters.


urban-rural gmina

urban-rural gmina (plural urban-rural gminas)

A type of gmina comprised of rural communities and at least one settlement with city rights.


East Dunbartonshire

A council area of Scotland (one of 32); it was formed in 1996 on the abolition of Strathclyde Region.


German-Austria

On 12 November the National Assembly unanimously declared a republic and simultaneously announced that German-Austria was part of Germany.

2009, Bernard Wasserstein, Barbarism and Civilization: A History of Europe in our Time, page 101:

Austro-Hungarian Empire
Austro-Hungarian Empire

(historical) A country created following World War I as the initial rump state for areas with a predominantly German-speaking population within what had been the Austro-Hungarian Empire.


Euro-MP

(European Union, politics) member of the European Parliament


Frenchize

en-verb

Frenchize (third-person singular simple present Frenchizes, present participle Frenchizing, simple past and past participle Frenchized)

Frenchizes (present singular third-person)
Frenchizing (participle present)
Frenchized (participle past)
Frenchized (past)

But I shall not twist the English language out of all shape and comeliness; I shall not Germanize and Frenchize and Italianize; I shall express my ideas in the simplest possible words; I shall always choose the Saxon rather than the Norman; I shall endavor to write so that "he who runs may read."

1849 April, Park Benjamin, “The Recluse. No. I”, in Graham's American Monthly Magazine of Literature and Art, volume 34, number 4:

The French-Canadian does not Frenchize. In Canada, for three centuries, he has been hemmed in by English and Scotch colonists and he has never Frenchized any one. He comes from a stock to whom the thought is repugnant of making French out of any less fine material.

1926, Educational Administration & Supervision - Volume 12, page 231:

Resolved, that the government should "Fordize," or Kulturize, the necessarily large-scale occupations in a way that would more or less "French-ize" America; Resolved, that individuals not wait for the government to "Frenchize."

1931, John Green Sims, Is [the] truth wicked?, page 36:

Mallory saw all of this as part of a giant plot of Quebec nationalists to seize control of the government and “Frenchize” Canada with the support of the “mother country” of France.

2015, Matthew Hayday, So They Want Us to Learn French:

To make or become more French; to make or become more like France, the French language, or French-speaking people.


Bow Street

The street was named in 1638 for its shape, it is slightly curved.

A street in London WC2, England, of Bow Street Runner fame (OS grid ref TQ3081).


Bucharester

a native or resident of Bucharest, Romania


Nizhegorodian

of, from, or relating to Nizhny Novgorod, Russia


Nizhegorodian

a native or resident of Nizhny Novgorod, Russia


Kyivite

From Kyiv + -ite, from Ukrainian Ки́їв (Kýjiv).


Kyivite

Someone living in or originating from Kyiv.


Dick Whittington

en-noun

Dick Whittington (plural Dick Whittingtons)

After Richard Whittington (c. 1354–1423), English merchant and politician who served as Lord Mayor of London and financed various public projects. He is remembered in a pantomime called Dick Whittington and His Cat, in which he sets out for London to make his fortune.

"Fine! Ye couldn't beat it. And you'd go off to London, or some such place—"
"I should like it to be London."
"Oh, of course; there's plenty of Dick Whittingtons left yet. But there's more petrol than pearls about the London pavement now. […]

Britain's twenty-somethings have become iPod-carrying Dick Whittingtons, drawn to London by the prospect of large salaries and hopes of a vibrant social life.

(UK) Somebody who moves to London in the hope of better prospects.

Dick Whittington and His Cat
Richard Whittington


Martyropolis

(historical) city on the Nymphius river in Sophanene, ancient Armenia, near the border with Arzanene, corresponding to modern Silvan, Turkey


Ustashe

(fascism, history) Of or pertaining to Croatian ultranationalism.


Ustashe

Ustashe (countable and uncountable, plural Ustashes)

(fascism, history, uncountable) A Croatian ultranationalist force active from the 1920s to the mid-1940s.

(countable, fascism, history) A Croatian ultranationalist.


Massalia

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μασσαλία (Massalía).

(historical) An ancient Greek city and colony in modern southern France; modern Marseille.


Catanian

Cosa Nostra members paid £33,000 for 160 deactivated weapons that experts could make lethal in moments. Last month a Catanian couple were arrested over the haul. They belong to the “Ceusi” mafia clan, a family tied to Catania’s dominant Santopaula clan.

2016 July 24, Mark Townsend, “Is Cosa Nostra now selling deadly assault weapons to Islamist terrorist groups?”, in The Guardian:

Of or relating to the city of Catania, Italy.


Catanian

A native or inhabitant of Catania, Italy.


Radonitsa

From Russian Ра́доница (Rádonica), literally "Day of Rejoicing". See also Russian рад (rad, “joyful”).

In the Russian Orthodox Church, a commemoration of the departed observed on the second Tuesday or second Monday of Pascha (Easter).


Swedistan

No, more likely the cowardly Swedes will move away and the MooSlimes will rename it Swedistan. / Swedistan - Future Capital of Eurabia.

2006 June 3, Anonymous Infidel - Scares away the primitives with fire, “Re: OFFICIAL SWEDEN SAYS MUSLIM RAPES, ETC. = OK”, in soc.culture.australian (Usenet):

The Islamic Country of Swedistan.

2016 January 6, MuahMan, “Re: Multiple accounts - OS X vs. Windows”, in comp.sys.mac.advocacy (Usenet):

[“]Swedistan has failed. The ethnic Swedes will soon become a minority. I give it maybe ten years. These new Swedes will have the right to vote and that will be the end of Sweden. In my opinion Sweden is no longer a country I recognize.[”]

2019, Cathrine Thorleifsson, Nationalist Responses to the Crises in Europe: Old and New Hatreds (Research in Migration and Ethnic Relations), Abingdon: Routledge, →ISBN, page unknown:

The hubris of “progressive” politics, and its relentless war against patriarchy, provide a pointed reminder that cultural evolution is 100 percent reversible, as Sweden's violent descent into “Swedistan” amply testifies. Today's “progressive” social democracy is tomorrow's “Stone Age” Islamic theocracy.

2019, Lou Marinoff, On Human Conflict: The Philosophical Foundations of War and Peace, Lanham, MD: Hamilton Books, →ISBN, page 390:

(slang, derogatory, ethnic slur) Sweden, viewed as an Islamic country because of immigration from Islamic countries.


CRA

Cyber Resilience Act
w:Cyber Resilience Act

(European Union, law) Initialism of Cyber Resilience Act.


London-centric

en-adj

London-centric (comparative more London-centric, superlative most London-centric)

more London-centric (comparative)
most London-centric (superlative)

Maybe the authors are London-centric, as some believe? Liverpool gets tagged with a mis-placed 'Street' at one point, while the WCML is described as "the main route for passengers to major cities in the Midlands and North West; Birmingham, Manchester and Liverpool". No mention of southbound travel or Glasgow or Scotland. [Liverpool Street is a major rail terminus in London.]

2020 May 6, Jim Steer, “Full Business Case offers fresh insight into HS2's prospects”, in RAIL, page 51:

Decisions made at the DfT inevitably reflect a London-centric experience, with a comparison being made with the closure of ticket offices throughout the London Underground network. This is not judged to have been detrimental, but there is a simple zonal fares system that is hardly comparable with the range of ticket types used on the national rail network.

2023 July 26, 'Industry Insider', “Ticket offices RIP?”, in RAIL, number 988, page 68:

(UK) Centred on or based in London, England.


teaboo

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-teaboo.wav

From tea + -aboo, referencing the stereotypical British fondness for tea.

I wonder if teaboos realize chavs exist.

2013 June 24, @GiveMeRumRaisin, Twitter:

BBC Sherlock is... Mostly /alright/. Nothing to warrant salivating teaboos.

2014 August 1, Elaine, The Spooky (@Kitsunelaine), Twitter:

Remember when people were teaboos. Like Sherlock Harry Potter Doctor And 1D who we’re^([sic]) thriving all at the same time and people would be like ugh british boys 🥺 and wear british flags as aesthetic accessories and wanted to go to the UK and loved the accents ...t

(Internet slang, often derogatory) A non-British person who is obsessed with British culture and media; an Anglophile.


Nihilism

Borrowed from Russian нигили́зм (nigilízm).

The Government took up the word, and used nihilism to stigmatize all revolutionary, and ultra democratic and socialistic tendencies; and we have seen it play its part in the recent investigations into the attempted assassination of the Emperor.

1867, Eugene Schuyler, “Preface”, in Ivan Sergheïevitch Turgenef [i.e., Ivan Turgenev], translated by Eugene Schuyler, Fathers and Sons […], New York, N.Y.: Leypoldt and Holt, →OCLC, page vii:

(Russia, politics, historical) A movement of the 1860s that rejected all authority and promoted the use of violence for political change.

Nihilisme

movement that rejected all authority and promoted the use of violence for political change


ispravnic

Borrowed from Russian испра́вник (isprávnik).

(historical) Chief police officer of a district in pre-revolutionary Russia (1775–1862).


Pherecydes

From Ancient Greek φέρω (phérō, “to carry, to bring”) + κῦδος (kûdos, “renown, glory”).

der

an Ancient Greek thinker from the island of Syros, who authored a cosmogony that bridged the mythological thought of Hesiod and pre-Socratic philosophy (c. 620-550 BC)


Dartfordian

en-adj

Dartfordian (comparative more Dartfordian, superlative most Dartfordian)

more Dartfordian (comparative)
most Dartfordian (superlative)

Of or relating to Dartford in Kent, England.


Albanophilia

Admiration of Albania or of its language, culture and/or people (Albanians)


Turco-Albanian

Translation of Greek derogatory term Τουρκαλβανός (Tourkalvanós, “Turco-Albanian”);
From Turco + Albanian.

(derogatory) offensive term for (muslim) Albanian


Paris of the East

Usually a calque of French Paris de l’Orient, praising a location for its supposed resemblance to the glamor and nightlife of 19th-century Paris.


Laika

A female dog who was sent into space by the Soviet Union on November 3, 1957, aboard Sputnik 2. She died in space.


Cable Street

Cable Street started as a straight path along which hemp ropes were twisted into ships’ cables (i.e., ropes).


Jablonka

A village and municipality in the Myjava District of the Trenčín Region of Slovakia.


kulning

A Scandinavian vocal musical form with high-pitched echoes, traditionally used to call livestock down from the mountain pastures.


Alsace-Lorraine

A historical state in Germany (1871-1918)

Elzas-Lotaringiya

historical state of Germany — see also Alsace, Lorraine


ECDC

(European Union, health) Abbreviation of European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.


Dendron

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δένδρον (déndron, “tree”).

A town in Surry County, Virginia, United States.


German flute

From German + flute, likely because it originated in Germany.

He had made great progress in the gymnastic sciences of dancing, fencing and riding, played perfectly well on the German flute, and above all things valued himself upon a scrupulous observance of all the points of honour.

1751, [Tobias] Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC:

One of the gentlemen played on the violin, and the other on the german-flute.

1788, Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary: A Fiction:

(music, now chiefly historical) A transverse flute.


Agrigentine

Agrigentine (comparative more Agrigentine, superlative most Agrigentine)

more Agrigentine (comparative)
most Agrigentine (superlative)


yellow vest

“Justice for Adama,” a movement launched after the 2016 death of Adama Traoré, a 24-year-old black man killed by police, joined forces with the yellow vests on Saturday.

2018 December 8, James McAuley, “Why are the ‘yellow vests’ still protesting in France? His name is Macron”, in The Washington Post:

Yellow vest protesters accuse Mr Macron of protecting the Parisian elite, especially the rich, while neglecting the hardship of citizens in the provinces.

2019 November 16, “Yellow vest protests: More than 100 arrested as violence returns to Paris”, in BBC News:

A member of a French protest movement which started in late 2018 against rising fuel prices and advocates for economic justice and institutional political reforms.


Afro-Ukrainian

Performances of blackness, as exemplified by Afro-Ukrainians like Gaitana and African groups like Alfa-Alfa and Chornobryvtsi, show that musicians walk a fine line of wishing to change perceptions of blacks in Ukraine while at the same time dipping into expectations of black performance aesthetics in order to communicate with the audience.

2014, Adriana N. Helbig, Hip Hop Ukraine, Indiana University Press, →ISBN, page 162:


Islingtonian

A resident of Islington in north London, England.

(attributive) Relating to Islington, London, and its residents.


Hungarology

Robert Oszlányi initiated the teaching of Hungarology. After seven years of persevering work, in 1969 he began to teach Hungarology at the first hundred level, later two, three and four hundred level courses and finally this year, the first master thesis on Modern Magyar Poetry was submitted and accepted.

1975, Géza Szentmiklósy Éles, Two Hungarian Immigrations: Victims of Misconceptions, page 86:


MIKT

(economics) Acronym of Mexico, Indonesia, (South) Korea, Turkey.


MIST

(economics) Acronym of Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Turkey.


Next Eleven

(economics) Eleven countries – Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, South Korea, Turkey, and Vietnam – identified in 2005 as having high potential of joining the BRICS countries as some of the world's largest economies in the 21st century.


Cagliarian

Of or pertaining to Cagliari, Italy; Cagliaritan.


Cagliarian

A native or inhabitant of Cagliari, Italy; a Cagliaritan.


Cagliaritan

From Italian cagliaritano. Equivalent to Cagliari + -an.

Of or relating to the city of Cagliari, Italy.

callerès

of or relating to the city of Cagliari, Italy


Cagliaritan

A native or inhabitant of Cagliari, Italy.


Peninsular Spanish

Coordinate term: Latin-American Spanish

The standard form of Spanish spoken in the Iberian peninsula.


senatory

Made a Senator, he received the senatory of Aix. Another "Jacobin," the Senator Monge, was given the senatory of Liège. Démeunier exhibited signs of independence; he was given the senatory of Toulouse.

1910, François-Alphonse Aulard, The French Revolution: A Political History, 1789-1804. Translated from the French of the 3d Ed, page 253:

The 1806 private "Agronomic travels in the senatory of Dijon" by Francois de Neufchateau (himself a former minister and president of the Society and hence no ordinary savant) had given way by 1813 to memoirs on cotton cultivation in France ...

1984, Jean-Claude Perrot, Stuart Joseph Woolf, State and Statistics in France, 1789-1815, Taylor & Francis, →ISBN, page 156:

1994, Eric Anderson Arnold, A Documentary Survey of Napoleonic France, University Press of Amer
On Senatories
1) There will be a Senatory for each district of the Court of Appeals.
2) Each Senatory will be endowed with a house and an annual income, drawn from the national domain, of 20,000 to 25,000 francs.

The office of, or landed estate granted to, a senator, especially in France under the consulate and First French Empire.


Lyonese

From French lyonnais. By surface analysis, Lyon + -ese.


Manxie

Yandher English taecher called our lil one 'a stupid Manxie'.

1924, Sophia Morrison, Vocabulary of the Anglo-Manx Dialect, page 117:

Ken Kavanagh believes it was 'Manxie' Laing's accident that was to bring to an end the official Norton works effort.

2006, Mick Walker, The Manx Norton, page 91:

A nickname for a Manx person, i.e. from the Isle of Man.


Dano-Faroese

Dano-Faroese (comparative more Dano-Faroese, superlative most Dano-Faroese)

more Dano-Faroese (comparative)
most Dano-Faroese (superlative)

Of or related to Denmark and the Faroe Islands, or the Danish and Faroese people or languages.


Dano-Faroese

A variant of the Danish language spoken in the Faroe Islands, with intonation and pronunciation that are influenced by Faroese.


European serin

Serinus serinus
Serinus serinus#Translingual

Serinus serinus, a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae.


OMON

From Russian ОМО́Н (OMÓN), Отря́д Ми́лиции Осо́бого Назначе́ния (Otrjád Mílicii Osóbovo Naznačénija, “detachment of special-purpose police”).

Special Purpose Mobile Unit, the riot police in Russia and Belarus.

АМА́П

Special Purpose Mobile Unit, a law enforcement force in Russia and Belarus


Roexit

(politics) The potential act of Romania leaving the European Union.

Romanian withdrawal from the European Union


Huxit

Blend of Hungary + exit, modeled on Brexit.

Hungary may be resisting the decision-makers in Brussels, but, for now, nobody is talking about a "Huxit" – a Hungarian exit from the EU. The referendum is not legally binding, nationally or internationally.

2016 September 24, Adam Lebor, “Hungary likely to reject European Union refugee quota”, in The Independent:

When they joined the Union, Eastern European citizens thought they were finally safe from authoritarianism. In theory at least, that leaves more room for outsiders to pressure the government. An exit from the EU, or Huxit, is an empty threat, and Hungarians do not want to be the black sheep of Europe.

2017 May 20, Jan-Werner Müller, “Hungary: The War on Education”, in The New York Review of Books:

Neither law nor political theory can proceed on the basis of measures of popularity – but it is worth remembering that approval ratings for (and trust in) the EU remain among the highest in Hungary and Poland.³² Huxit or Poxit do not appear to be credible threats at this point.

2020, Jan-Werner Müller, “What, If Anything, Can the EU Do?”, in János Mátyás Kovács, Balázs Trencsényi, editors, Brave New Hungary: Mapping the “System of National Cooperation”, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, →ISBN, page 327:

(politics) The hypothetical withdrawal of Hungary from the European Union.


EUian

[> The bigotry I get more upset about is that which comes from the en masse ignorance of the American people about the rest of the world]
As opposed to the average EUian's ignorance about the US? Or the average Chinese's ignorance about the EU or the US?

2004 February 20, Mark Atwood, “Re: Forthcoming Reads”, in rec.arts.sf.written (Usenet):

(informal) A citizen or resident of the European Union.


EUian

(informal) Of, from, or pertaining to the European Union.


Anconan

Anconan (comparative more Anconan, superlative most Anconan)

more Anconan (comparative)
most Anconan (superlative)


Anconan

A native or inhabitant of Ancona in Italy.


Tedder certificate

en-noun

Tedder certificate (plural Tedder certificates)

The certificates were issued in the name of Deputy Supreme Allied Commander Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Tedder.

(historical) An award given to foreign citizens who assisted British service personnel to escape from German captivity in Western Europe during World War II.


Euroafrican

/ˌjʊəɹəʊˈæfɹɪk(ə)n/

From Euro- (prefix meaning ‘pertaining to Europe’) + African (adjective, noun). Compare Eurafrican, which is attested later.

affix

In this election the Swazi indigenous people were not included in the same voter's roll as their European and Euroafrican counterparts. About eight parliamentary seats were specially reserved for Europeans and Euroafricans.

1997, Chuks Okpaluba, Nkonzo Hlatshwayo, Bekithemba Khumalo, Human Rights in Swaziland: The Legal Response, page 172:

Synonym of Eurafrican (“of or relating to the continents of, or countries in, both Europe and Africa; having both European and African characteristics; of a person: of mixed European and African descent; (specifically, South Africa) synonym of colored (“belonging to a multiracial ethnic group or category, having ancestry from more than one of the racial groups of Southern Africa”)”)


Euroafrican

/ˌjʊəɹəʊˈæfɹɪk(ə)n/

(anthropology) A person with physical characteristics typical of both Europe and Africa.


European spotted flycatcher

en-noun

European spotted flycatcher (plural European spotted flycatchers)

spotted flycatcher
spotted flycatcher#English


Hungarize

en-verb

Hungarize (third-person singular simple present Hungarizes, present participle Hungarizing, simple past and past participle Hungarized)

Hungarizes (present singular third-person)
Hungarizing (participle present)
Hungarized (participle past)
Hungarized (past)

(transitive, intransitive) To Hungarianize.


Holyland

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

A neighbourhood in south Belfast, Northern Ireland.


Bossòst

A municipality of Lleida prefecture, Catalonia, Spain.


Tsardom of Bulgaria

(formal, history) Bulgaria’s official name from 1908 to 1946.


Lukashism

From Lukashenko + -ism or borrowed from Russian лукаши́зм (lukašízm).

(neologism) The political and economic system created by Alexander Lukashenko / Alyaksandr Lukashenka.

лукашы́зм

the political and economic system created by Alexander Lukashenko


Snowdonian

en-adj

Snowdonian (comparative more Snowdonian, superlative most Snowdonian)

more Snowdonian (comparative)
most Snowdonian (superlative)


Peary Land

A peninsula in northern Greenland, extending into the Arctic Ocean.


Brattahlíð

(historical) Erik the Red's estate in the Eastern Settlement Viking colony he established in southwestern Greenland toward the end of the 10th century.


Kujalleq

Borrowed from Greenlandic Kujalleq (“the South”).

A municipality on the southern tip of Greenland.


Egger Island

The southernmost island of Greenland. It is located in the Kujalleq municipality and is uninhabited.


Cape Farewell

A headland on the southern shore of Egger Island, Nunap Isua Archipelago, Greenland.

A headland in New Zealand, the most northerly point on the South Island.


Wiganite

[...] the striking artwork features the above and several other distinct words and phrases nominated by the local community and used by Wiganites in every day conversation.

2022 January 12, “Stop & Examine”, in RAIL, number 948, page 70:


Princess of Wales

en-noun

Princess of Wales (plural Princesses of Wales)

Furthermore, two of the Princesses of Wales — Lady Anne Neville and Katharine of Aragon — became Queen through later marriages and were not consorts of Princes of Wales at the time of their coronations.

1983, Mary Beacock Fryer, Arthur Bousfield, Garry Toffoli, “Introduction”, in Lives of the Princesses of Wales, Toronto, Ont.: Dundurn Press, →ISBN, page 6, column 1:

A royal title given to the wife of the Prince of Wales.


Politburo

Any of various politburos, especially that of the Soviet Union or that of the People's Republic of China.

Kremlin

also a proper noun sense from a common noun sense, and also often a metonym for the senior Soviet leadership

(metonymically) The senior leadership of the Soviet Union, or that of the People's Republic of China.


Yorker

(historical, During the dispute over the status of Vermont in the 1770s and 1780s) an inhabitant of Vermont who took the position that Vermont was by rights a part of the state of New York


ostikanate

From ostikan + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, the concrete charge of it).


European hophornbeam

en-noun

European hophornbeam (plural European hophornbeams)

Ostrya carpinifolia
Ostrya carpinifolia#Translingual

Ostrya carpinifolia, found from Italy to coastal Turkey and east of the Black Sea.


Istanbullu

Unadapted borrowing from Turkish İstanbullu.

ubor

Ekrem İmamoğlu, elected in 2019 as Istanbul’s opposition party mayor despite fierce resistance from Turkey’s ruling Justice and Development party, told the Guardian that Istanbullus had been reassured that the huge Melen dam system would supply the city’s water needs without issue until 2070.

2021 January 13, Bethan McKernan, “Turkey drought: Istanbul could run out of water in 45 days”, in The Guardian:


Polexit

Blend of Poland + exit, by analogy with Brexit.

(politics) The (possible) act of Poland leaving the European Union.

Polish withdrawal from the European Union


kolhosp

From Ukrainian колго́сп m (kolhósp), plural колго́спи pl (kolhóspy), contraction of Ukrainian колекти́вне господа́рство n (kolektývne hospodárstvo, “collective farm”).

der

колекти́вне господа́рство

In a congratulatory telegram to Stalin, the plenary meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, which was held on November 19, 1933, described the consequences of the “shortcomings” of Skrypnik in the following words: “In kolhosps, in agricultural organizations, in a whole number of cultural and economic institutions, there were employed wreckers, counter-revolutionaries, and nationalist remnants of the White Guards, Petlura followers, and double-faced individuals with the Party membership cards in their pockets. . . .

1936, East Europe and Contemporary Russia, volume 1, page 167:

However, state assignments to kolhospy (cooperative collective farms), especially in grain, were so excessive that it was impossible to introduce perennial grasses into the scheme of crop rotation.

1949, Hryhory Makhiv, “Agricultural Science in Ukraine: The Reminiscences of a Ukrainian Scholar,” The Ukrainian Quarterly, v 5, New York: Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, p 57

They said they were not soldiers, but mobilized kolhosp workers who knew nothing about military matters.

1939, The Trident, volume 3, Chicago: Organization for the Rebirth of Ukraine, page 47:

Father worked in the kolhosp.

2015, Natalia Khanenko-Friesen, “In Search of History’s Other Agents: Oral History of Decollectivization in Ukraine in the 1990s”, in Natalia Khanenko-Friesen, Gelinada Grinchenko, editors, Reclaiming the Personal: Oral History in Post-Socialist Europe, University of Toronto Press, →ISBN, page 241:

(now historical, Ukrainian) A collective farm in the former Soviet Union; a kolkhoz.


Belux

From Dutch Belux and French Belux, from the first syllables of Belgium and Luxembourg.

the grouping of Belgium and Luxembourg, often used in business