Reichstag

Borrowed from German Reichstag (“imperial parliament”).

bor

The lower chamber of the federal parliament of Germany until 1945

帝國議會

the lower chamber of the federal parliament of Germany until 1945

The building in Berlin that houses the Bundestag of modern Germany


Falklands

The Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO) has categorically ruled out any new negotiations saying the future of the Falklands can only be decided by the islanders themselves in accordance with the UN principle of self-determination.

2013 January 3, Luke Harding, Uki Goni, The Guardian:

Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands#English

Short for Falkland Islands: An archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, located in the South Atlantic.


gusle

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian gȕsle／гу̏сле. Doublet of gusli.

bor+

gȕsle//гу̏сле

Songs of Brankovich's speed are sung to the strains of the gusle.

1988, Milorad Pavić, translated by Christina Pribićević-Zorić, Dictionary of the Khazars, Vintage, published 1989, page 30:

(music) A single-stringed lute-like musical instrument with a bowl-shaped body, held vertically in the lap and played a bow, originating among the Slavic peoples in the Balkans, especially in the Dinarides region.


copino

From Spanish copino, from copa (“cup”) + -ino (“-ine: forming diminutives”).

(historical) Synonym of medio, a traditional unit of dry measure equivalent to about 2.3 L


Nazi Germany

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Nazi Germany.wav

(historical) Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler's Nazi Party (from 1933 to 1945).


Reconquista

From Spanish reconquista (“reconquest”).

(Iberian history) The process by which the Christian countries of Spain and Portugal were reconquered and regained from the Moors.

收復失地運動

reconquest of Spain and Portugal by Christians


refusenik

From refuse + -nik (suffix denoting a nickname for a person who endorses, exemplifies, or is associated with something, often a particular ideology or preference), a calque of Russian отка́зник (otkáznik), from отка́з (otkáz, “denial, refusal, rejection, repudiation”) + -ник (-nik, suffix forming masculine nouns, usually denoting adherents, etc.).

suffix

In 1974, a handful of brave Soviet Jews haunted foreign embassies in Moscow hoping for exit visas. Refuseniks, they were called; the Brezhnev Government wouldn't let them out.

1990 December 14, “Remember the Refuseniks?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(Soviet Union, historical, slang) One of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate (typically but not exclusively a Jewish citizen denied permission to emigrate to Israel).

refusenik

one of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate


kremlin

Similar forms are attested, per Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary, in earlier German Kremelin and French Cremlin, which are theorized to come from Old East Slavic кремльнъ (kremlĭnŭ, “having a kremlin”), from кремль (kremlĭ), whence Russian кремль (kremlʹ).

uder

9% of historical parks are the gardens of monasteries and kremlins (fortified centres in the towns), 8% are urban ("public") gardens and only 2% are parks on urban estates.

1997, Council of Europe, Cultural Policy in the Russian Federation, page 107:

Several cities in Russia were built around fortresses called kremlins. Russians built kremlins for defense during the Middle Ages. A kremlin was often located along a river.

2012, Britannica Student Encyclopedia, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc, page 87:

The centre of the kremlin usually held the prince's or voivode’s court, the cathedral, and the bishop's court. This arrangement can be seen in quite a number of 16th-century kremlins. The main street of the kremlin connected this complex with the gate leading to the marketplace.

2012, Konstantin Nossov, Russian Fortresses 1480-1682, page 45:

(architecture, Slavic architecture) A fortified, central complex found in various Russian cities.


Kalevala

The mythical location where the heroes of Kalevala live.

Kalevalsky District
Kalevalsky District#English

Republic of Karelia
Republic of Karelia#English

An urban-type settlement, the administrative capital of the Kalevalsky District, Republic of Karelia, in northwestern Russia; also historically known as Uhtua.


carga

From Spanish carga (“a load, 4 Spanish bushels”), from cargar (“to load”), from Late Latin carricāre, from Latin carrus (“cart”). Doublet of charge and cargo.

bor

(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of dry measure, equivalent to about 222 liters.


milla

From Spanish milla (“Spanish mile”), from Latin mīlia (“Roman mile”), plural of mīlle (“1000”) in reference to its composition of 1000 Roman paces. Doublet of mile and milha.

(historical) Spanish mile, a traditional Spanish unit of distance equivalent to about 1.4 km.


Iberian Peninsula

A peninsula located in the extreme southwest of Europe which includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar, bordered on the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Pyrenees forming the northeast edge of the peninsula, connecting it to the rest of Europe.


Erin go bragh

From Irish Éire go brách or Éirinn go brách.


Curaçao

/ˌkuːɹəˈsaʊ/

Unadapted borrowing from Dutch Curaçao, from Spanish Curaçao, from Portuguese Curação, literally from curação (“cure, healing”) but probably a transcription of a Lokono endonym.

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands

An island in the southern part of the Caribbean Sea off the west coast of Venezuela, a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.


Cymric

From Welsh Cymru (“Wales”) + -ic (adjective-forming suffix). Doublet of Cumbric and cognate with English Cambrian and Cymry.

(rare) Synonym of Welsh, the language of the Welsh people.


Cymric

Manx cat

the original, short-haired version of the breed

A breed of domestic cat, developed in Canada, principally characterized by suppression of the tail and by a semi-long-haired coat, with a medium-sized, rounded, cobby body; it is the longhair version of the Manx cat.

(rare) Synonym of Walian: a Welsh person, a Welshman or Welshwoman.


Cymric

Synonym of Welsh: of or related to Wales, the Welsh people, or the Welsh language.


Rus

en-proper noun

Rus (countable and uncountable, plural Rus)

Earlier form Russ from German Russe etc., from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ). More recent use influenced by Russian Русь (Rusʹ), from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ). Use with macron was probably influenced by the transliteration of Arabic رُوس (rūs).
Compare Russ, Russian, Russie, Russniak, Rusyn, Ruthenian.
Also compare Swedish Ryss, Dutch Rus, German Russe, French Russe, Byzantine Greek Ῥῶς (Rhôs), Russian Русь (Rusʹ), Belarusian Русь (Rusʹ), Ukrainian Русь (Rusʹ). Also compare Russian ру́сский (rússkij, “Ethnic Russian, of Rus”), россия́нин (rossijánin, “Russian national”), Росси́я (Rossíja, “Russia”).
See further Etymology of Rus and derivatives.

Ռուսիա

any of the medieval East Slavic principalities

Kievan Rus', the medieval East Slavic state established by these same warrior merchants in the 9th century, whose capital was in Kiev.

(poetic) The nation of Russia, especially in a transcendent or romantic sense referring to the history and culture of the country.


saco

From Spanish saco (“a sack, a half-carga”), from Old Spanish saco, from Latin saccus, from Ancient Greek σάκκος (sákkos, “sack, sackcloth”), from Semitic. Doublet of sac, saccus, sack, and sakkos.

doublet

(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of dry measure, equivalent to about 111 L.


European Parliament

(politics) A legislative chamber of the European Union.


Caledonian

Someone from the ancient Celtic tribe (or group of tribes) called Caledonians, in Scotland


mijl

From Dutch mijl, cognate with English mile and similarly derived from Latin milia (“Roman mile, 1000 Roman paces”) but used instead for the much longer league of about an hour's walk.

der

(historical) A former Dutch unit of distance, usually equivalent to about 3 miles or 5–6 km.


rouille

en-noun

rouille (countable and uncountable, plural rouilles)

Borrowed from French rouille (“rouille (sauce); rust”); the sauce is so named because its colour resembles that of rust.

bor

Serve with grated Parmesan cheese and a rouille sauce [...].

1958, Alice B[abette] Toklas, “Soups”, in Aromas and Flavors of Past and Present, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Lyons Press, 1996, →ISBN, page 5:

ROUILLE SAUCE / Strongly flavored, served with fish soups or bouillabaisse.

1975, Irma S[tarkloff] Rombauer, Marion Rombauer Becker, “Savory Sauces and Salad Dressings”, in Joy of Cooking, 1st Scribner edition, New York, N.Y.: Scribner, published 1995, →ISBN, page 366, column 1:

Rouille: Garlic, Saffron, and Pepper Mayonnaise [...] After you have added a few drops of oil, add saffron and a pinch of cayenne. Gradually whisk in remaining oil in a slow, thin stream until sauce is thickened to a mayonnaise consistency. Taste the rouille and add additional cayenne, if desired.

2003, Michael A. Kornfield, “Sauces”, in Table for Two in Paris: Cookbook & Music CD, White Plains, N.Y.: Peter Pauper Press, →ISBN, page 36:

In the Northwest one finds fritters coated with not-too-finely ground hazelnuts, with crab on the inside; in that case called crab cakes, spiked with chopped scallion and bell or hot red pepper, served with rouilles of mustard and racy mayonnaise.

2003, John Weston, “Or a Snake when He Asks for Fish”, in Dining at the Lineman’s Shack, Tucson, Ariz.: University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, page 41:

Chicken bouillabaisse with Rouille [...] I'm taking some liberties by calling this recipe a bouillabaisse. The classic recipe, of course, is a venerable fish stew that originated in Marseille. It's flavored with saffron and garnished with a rouille sauce. [...] To serve, divide the bouillabaisse among 4 soup plates and top with the Rouille.

2010 April, Sara Moulton, “Plenty of Poultry”, in Sara Moulton’s Everyday Family Dinners, New York, N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 174:

(cooking) A type of sauce from Provence, France, often served with fish dishes, consisting of egg yolk and olive oil with breadcrumbs, chili peppers, garlic, and saffron.


Anschluss

From German Anschluss (“annexation”) (formerly Anschluß), from anschließen (“to join, unite”).

‘Some of us students protested against the Anschluss.’

1941, W Somerset Maugham, Up at the Villa, Vintage, published 2004, page 44:

Riane Eisler was born in Vienna in 1931. After the German Anschluss of Austria she fled with her family, first to Cuba and then to the U.S.

1988 December 11, John Kyper, “The 'Truth' Of Male-Dominated Social Science”, in Gay Community News, volume 16, number 22, page 8:

Anton Kuh […] was one of the Viennese coffee-house wits whose mastery of the brief critical essay reached its apotheosis in the last nervous years before the Anschluss.

(historical) Political annexation, specifically that of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938.

آنْشْلُوس

the annexation of Austria into Germany in 1938 or an analogy


broch

From Scots broch, from Old Norse borg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz. Doublet of borough and burgh.

Finella's carles builded the Kaimes, a long line of battlements under the hills, midway a tower that was older still, a broch from the days of the Pictish men […].

1933, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Cloud Howe (A Scots Quair), Polygon, published 2006, page 268:

The last man slid the bolt in the single low narrow door. The broch was impregnable then.

1972, George Mackay Brown, Greenvoe, Polygon, published 2019, page 20:

Ian's eyes rolled slowly up, as though following the rough stones of the broch upwards. 'That tower rises sixty feet from the ground,' he told me, 'and it's thirty feet in diameter, wi' three floors.'

1991, Diana Gabaldon, chapter 29, in Outlander, London: Random House:

(archaeology) A type of Iron Age stone tower with hollow double-layered walls found on Orkney, Shetland, in the Hebrides and parts of the Scottish mainland.


tuppenny

Half a pound of tuppenny rice,
Half a pound of treacle.
That’s the way the money goes,
Pop! goes the weasel.

a. 1852, anonymous author, Pop Goes the Weasel:

Then they went off to prepare for the journey […], Peter filling his six-penny pipe with tuppenny tobacco.

1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter XI, in Capricornia, New York: D. Appleton-Century, published 1943, page 184:

The City & South London initially had a flat single fare of 2d., but it was the Central London Railway, opened ten years later, that would be nicknamed 'The Tuppenny Tube' for its flat fare of the same amount. The Central was so-called by the Daily Mail, [...]

2012, Andrew Martin, Underground Overground: A passenger's history of the Tube, Profile Books, →ISBN, page 101:

(British, Australia, becoming old-fashioned) Literally, worth tuppence (two pence); of little value or status.


tuppenny

(British, dated) A coin or stamp worth two pence.

A Lord High Chancellor is a personage of great dignity, who should never, under any circumstances, place himself in the position of being told to tuck in his tuppenny, except by noblemen of his own rank.

(British, dated, juvenile) In the children's game of leapfrog, the head (perhaps named from a tuppenny loaf).


fogou

From Cornish fogo (“cave”); compare vug.

Cornish fogous typically consist of a long passage with walls built up in horizontal courses of rough granite stones, typically some 40 to 50 feet long, 6 feet in height, and 5 to 6 feet in width, constructed in a deliberate curve.

2005, Ross Heaven, Simon Buxton, Darkness Visible: Awakening Spiritual Light Through Darkness Meditation, page 8:

All known fogous are associated with settlements, and their creation would have taken considerable effort, so they obviously had some function for these communities. The fogou at Carn Euny dates from the early part of the Iron Age; here it is thought that the large, stone-lined chamber, which is circular and 5 metres in diameter, was constructed first.

2008, Sarah Chapman, David Chapman, Iconic Cornwall, page 18:

2009, Patricia Monaghan, fogou, entry in The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore, page 198,
Underground stone chambers found in Cornwall, believed to have been built between between 500 B.C.E. and 500 C.E., fogous appear to have been places of ritual. As there is evidence of occupation by Celts in the latter part of that period, it is possible that the fogous were built by or used by them, although evidence suggests a pre-Celtic spiritual vision.

Because as you are going to discover very shortly, what's under there is no Bronze Age chieftain, no medieval king, or whatever else you expect to find in a fogou like this.

2010, Gary Russell, Doctor Who: The Glamour Chase, page 139:

(archaeology) A Cornish souterrain, an underground, dry-stone-walled chamber open on two ends.


baillie

To ease street traffic congestion, improve transport facilities, and reduce unemployment, one Glasgow baillie has suggested establishing a Regional Passenger Transport Board.

1963 April, “News and Comment: Glasgow bus-rail disappointment”, in Modern Railways, page 228:

(Scottish local government) The equivalent of alderman in some Scottish cities.


tiyn

A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Kazakh tenge.


ostruble

(historical) A former currency of Germany and Lithuania in the 1910s and 1920s.


kopiyka

en-noun

kopiyka (plural kopiykas or kopiyka or kopiyok or kopiyky)

kopiykas (plural)
kopiyka (plural)
kopiyok (plural)
kopiyky (plural)

Transliteration of Ukrainian копі́йка (kopíjka). Doublet of kopek and kopeika.

translit

A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Ukrainian hryvnia.


qindarkë

Unadapted borrowing from Albanian qindarkë, ultimately from qind (“hundred”).

ubor

A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of an Albanian lek


deni

2008, Macedonia: Investment, Trade Laws and Regulations Handbook, Volume 1: Strategic Information and Basic Laws, International Business Publications, USA, page 50,
In May, 1993, a new Denar, equivalent to 100 of the old units, was put into circulation. Denominations of coins are 0.50 (50 deni), 1, 2 and 5 Denars and bills are 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 Denars.

A subdivision of currency, equal to 0.01 Macedonian denar.


grosz

Borrowed from Polish grosz. Doublet of kurus.

A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Polish zloty.


kurus

Borrowed from Turkish kuruş, from German Groschen. Doublet of grosz.

A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Turkish lira.


alcazar

From Spanish alcázar, from Arabic اَلْقَصْر (al-qaṣr, “the castle”), itself from Latin castrum (“castle”). Cognate with castle.

der

But most eloquent of all were the stories passed down to her - highly decorated items which Harriet embellished even further in her resolute myth of the enchanted alcazar, the fairy chateau that never was.

2002, Donna Tartt, The Little Friend, page 43:


franga

From Albanian franga, from French franc. Doublet of franc.

An obsolete unit of currency in Albania, equal to 5 lek.


Braintree

From the Old English personal name Branca + treow (“tree”).

A local government district in Essex formed in 1974, with its headquarters in the town.


estadio

From Portuguese estádio, from Latin stadium (“stadium, Roman stade”), from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion, “stadium for footraces, stadion”). Doublet of stade, stadium, and stadion.

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of distance, variously equivalent to about 185.2, 231.5, or 257.2 m depending on the number of leagues per equatorial degree.


Armagnac

A region and former county of the duchy of Gascony in modern-day France.


praetor

From Middle English pretour, pretor, from the Anglo-Norman pretour, pretore, the Middle French preteur (from the Old French pretor; compare the Modern French préteur), and their etymon, the Classical Latin praetor (“leader”, “commander”, “magistrate”); the Latin praetor being contracted from *praeitor (“one who goes before”), from praeeō (“I go before”), from prae (“before”) + eō (“I go”); compare the Italian pretore, the Portuguese pretor, and the Spanish pretor.

prætor [16th–19th centuries, now archaic]

pretor [15th–17th centuries, 20th century–present]

(history) The title designating a Roman administrative official whose role changed over time:

(originally) A consul in command of the army.

praetor peregrīnus
praetor peregrinus#Latin

(after 366 BC) An annually-elected curule magistrate, subordinate to the consuls in provincial administration, and who performed some of their duties; numbering initially only one, later two (either of the praetor urbānus (“urban praetor”) or the praetor peregrīnus (“peregrine praetor”)), and eventually eighteen.

(historical, translating Italian "pretore") The title of the chief magistrate, the mayor, and/or the podestà in Palermo, in Verona, and in various other parts of 17th- and 18th-century Italy.


Niçois

en-adj

Niçois (comparative more Niçois, superlative most Niçois)

more Niçois (comparative)
most Niçois (superlative)


Niçois

[La Remembrança Nissarda] runs weekly lessons in the Niçois language and chants niçois (traditional Niçois songs and chants), and cultural workshops on Niçois history, carnival traditions and cuisine nissarde (local cooking).

2007, Nicola Williams, Catherine Le Nevez, Provence & the Côte d'Azur:

The dialect of Occitan spoken in the Nice area.


Bordelais

A native or inhabitant of Bordeaux in France.


Marseillais

Where ordinary Frenchmen were divided, the Marseillais were united.

2008, Nicholas Woodsworth, Seeking Provence: Old Myths, New Paths:

A native or inhabitant of Marseille in France.


Finnic

finès

pertaining to the Finnic (Baltic-Finnic) group of languages

Of the branch of the Uralic language family that includes Finnish, Estonian, Karelian, Veps, Livonian, Ingrian and Votic.


Cotswold

(morris dancing) A style of traditional Morris dancing originating from the Cotswolds area of England.


Cotswold

A sheep of a certain breed with long wool, formerly common in the English counties of Gloucester, Hereford, and Worcester.


Cotswold

A local government district of Gloucestershire, England.


esca

From Galician escá, from Hispanic Late Latin scala (“bowl”) attested in Isidore of Seville, probably from Suevic, from Proto-Germanic *skēlō (“bowl”). Cognate with German Schale and Dutch schaal.

(historical) A traditional Galician unit of dry measure, equivalent to about 6–9 L depending on the substance measured.


pulgada

From Spanish pulgada, from Vulgar Latin *pollicata, from Latin pollicaris (“of or related to a thumb”), from pollex (“thumb”) + -āris (“-ary: forming adjectives”). Doublet of polegada.

der

(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of length, equivalent to about 2.3 cm


Giudecca

Borrowed from Italian Giudecca, from giudecca (“Jewish ghetto”), from Medieval Latin iudeca, from Latin iūdaica, feminine form of iūdaicus (“Judaic, Jewish”), ultimately from Hebrew יְהוּדָה (y'hudá, “Judah”). Doublet of Judaica.
Despite the name, there is no evidence of any ancient Jewish settlements on the island.

A long island in the Venetian Lagoon separated from the main part of the city by a wide canal.


Sicani

(historical) An ancient people of Sicily and parts of Italy.


babcia

These cakes are from family recipes, from great-grandmothers and babcias, from kitchens as far apart as Knoxville, Tennessee, and Warsaw, Poland.

2001, Whispers from Heaven for the Christmas Spirit, Publications International, Ltd., →ISBN, page 273:

I visited my babcia Lottie Korosz in Hunlock Gardens and all the relatives on my mother’s side of the family. My babcia Jadwiga Gobolewski died while I was still in Washington, but my grandfather Wiktor greeted me warmly in Glen Lyon.

2008, Gene Gomolka, Coal Cracker’s Son, Xlibris, page 191:

My babcia would only stare morosely at photographs of my father’s father, showing me the black and white albums, their youth in Poland, the countryside, the funny dress, the world outside a world outside a world of memories and lost hopes.

2010, Jaap Stijl, Pacing the Bird, Greenwinter Press, →ISBN, page 9:

But there’s no question she’s brought Polish food back to the neighborhood—the menu features potato pierogi, golabki, borscht, kielbasa, and a few items you probably wouldn’t recognize if you didn’t grow up with a babcia cooking for you.

2010 January 14, Mike Sula, “Not Your Babcia’s Pierogi”, in Chicago Reader:

However, with the increased geographic mobility in Poland after 1989, and the greater push to look for jobs in other cities, fewer relatives are on hand to provide child care. Women who had babcias considered themselves lucky.

2015, Joanna Mishtal, The Politics of Morality: The Church, the State, and Reproductive Rights in Postsocialist Poland (Polish and Polish-American Studies Series), Ohio University Press, →ISBN:

The Germans were “kind” to some families in Poland, too. Just not us. What difference did it make if you were kind to some, if you were beating and stealing others’ mothers and babcias? I suddenly understood more than my father did.

2019, Rachel DeWoskin, Someday We Will Fly, Viking, →ISBN, page 49:

My babcia was hired to attend funerals and weep for those who had few friends or family members.

2021, Creating Inclusive Writing Environments in the K-12 Classroom: Reluctance, Resistance, and Strategies that Make a Difference, Routledge:

There are many women in these processions, many of them old babcias with cheeks pink as a young girl’s under their flowered headscarves.

THE AGED IN POLAND: GOD AND WORN-OUT BABCIAS

1971, Letters to the Alicia Patterson Fund on the Status of the Elderly in Various Societies Around the World, page 1:

The tram was packed, and I stood squeezed among three cabbage- and apple-breathed babcias heaving their bosoms and bristling out to the curly white hairs on their furious chins because a man, also among us and smelling of gin, was weeping.[…]All the way across the river and to the zoo, while the three babcias took turns saying how bad he was, the man examined his bits of metal and paper, and wiped the quiet tears rolling out to the end of his nose.

1988, The Georgia Review, pages 605–606:

Babyboomers now are starting to “get it” regarding wisdom dispensed by Babcias.

1995, The Polish Studies Newsletter, page 4:

[…]babcias, adolescents and students, children and parents, the elderly, and they are generally well-dressed.

“That’s the first time you’ve mentioned your mother,” Cindy stammered. “Is she in good health?” “Oh, yeah,” Jerry said with a startled chuckle. “She’s one of those tough old Polish Babcias. She’s gonna like you, for sure.”

2017, Joanne Bunyak, On Hunter’s Point, Xlibris, →ISBN:

Gaggles of babcias were standing by the side of the road, with baskets of products.[…]The babcias informally kept order when formal grass enforcement personnel weren’t around.[…]I’d watched him [Donald Tusk] many times on TV, as the babcias of Poland laid complaint after complaint at his feet – their living conditions, the failures of his and every other government, probably the fact that their children never visited them.[…]Summer was technically in full swing but Central Europe hadn’t got the memo – it couldn’t have been more than eight degrees. A solid stage-two coat night. It wasn’t stopping the young couples huddling on the benches, nor the babcias walking rugged-up babies in prams.

2018, Jay Martin, Vodka and Apple Juice: Travels of an Undiplomatic Wife in Poland, Fremantle Press, →ISBN:

In the old days, Polish people went to great lengths to let the world know they had a suitable daughter. They would decorate the house with wreaths and special colors of paint. In Krakow, for example, they would paint the whole house light blue. When a suitable boy saw this, he would have to go to the town’s intermediary, a babcia or wise woman, to intervene with the girl’s family.

2019, Bob Dombrowski, Paczki Day: Stories About Growing Up Polish in Detroit, Page Publishing, Inc., →ISBN:

She’d chat with the babcias who ran the bakery and called her the Angel of the Market, or with Eva, who sold ropes of hair extensions and gave Fahima a leopard print shawl that Fahima’s mother wouldn’t let her wear as a hijab.[…]It was the busiest weekend of the year, when all the babcias in the city descended on the market to buy butter lambs and crown roasts.

2019, Bob Proehl, The Nobody People, Del Rey, →ISBN:


Ligurian

en-adj

Ligurian (comparative more Ligurian, superlative most Ligurian)

more Ligurian (comparative)
most Ligurian (superlative)


Balkans

Of Turkic origin; compare Turkish balkan (“wooded mountain range”). Probably unrelated to balk (“ridge of land”).

cog

As the Ottomans' victories in the Balkans multiplied, increasing numbers of Anatolian warriors flocked to their ranks, and their territorial conquests grew.

2002, Dennis P. Hupchick, The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism, page 104:

The Balkans is still comparatively less attractive than other post-communist countries in Europe [...]

2015, Anastas Vangeli, “On the Growing Cooperation Between China and the Western Balkans”, in Nikolaos Papakostas, Nikolaos Pasamitros, editors, An Agenda for the Western Balkans: From Elite Politics to Social Sustainability, Stuttgart, page 182:

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina

A geographical region in southeastern Europe, roughly equivalent to the area covered by Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, sometimes including Romania, Slovenia, and European Turkey.

Balkan

geographical region in the southeast of Europe — see also Balkan Peninsula


Transnistria

From Romanian Transnistria, from Latin trans + Romanian Nistru (“Dniester”) + Ancient Greek -ία (-ía): literally “beyond the river Dniester”. Analyzable as trans- + Romanian Nistru + -ia.

confix

Romanian <i class="Latn mention" lang="ro">Nistru</i>

(historical) A governorate of Romania during World War II, established in 1941 and captured by Soviet forces in 1944.

Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic

An autonomous territory within Moldova that claims statehood as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, but is not internationally recognized as a sovereign state.

Приднестровиа

Transnistria, an autonomous territory in Moldova


St George's Channel

The channel connecting the Irish Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest.


Old Dutch

The earliest extant material in Old Low Franconian (or Old Dutch) is from the 9th century (psalm fragments translated in or around the south of Limburg, i.e. the south-east corner of the Netherlands).

1989, Hans Frede Nielsen, The Germanic Languages: Origins and Early Dialectal Interrelations, The University of Alabama Press, page 2f:

The earliest extant material in Old Dutch (or Old Low Franconian) is from the ninth century (psalm fragments translated in or around the south of Limburg, i.e. the south-east corner of the Netherlands).

1998, Hans Frede Nielsen, The Continental Backgrounds of English and its Insular Development until 1154, Odense University Press, page 43:

A branch of Old Low Franconian, with a Frisian substrate, spoken and written during the Middle Ages (c. 9th to 12th century) in the Netherlands and the northern part of present-day Belgium, as well as in areas of northern France along the North Sea coast and adjoining Belgium. This language represents the first attested stage of the Dutch language and its dialects, being succeeded by Middle Dutch in the later Middle Ages.


Norwegian Sea

The northernmost part of the Atlantic Ocean, located northwest of Norway.


Gulf of Bothnia

/ˌɡʌlf əv ˈbɒθniə/

The northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea, separating the countries of Sweden and Finland.


pusta

From Hungarian puszta. Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *pustъ.

A temperate grassland biome of the Great Hungarian Plain; an exclave of the Pannonian Steppe.


Austria-Hungary

(historical) A former country in Central Europe from 1867 to 1918.


knez

From Belarusian князь (knjazʹ) and Ukrainian князь (knjazʹ) (from Old Ruthenian кнѧзь (knjazʹ)) and Russian князь (knjazʹ); all from Old East Slavic кънѧзь (kŭnęzĭ), кнѧзь (knęzĭ), from Proto-Slavic *kъ̏nędzь (“prince”), from earlier *kъnęgъ, by consensus ultimately from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz (“king”). Doublet of cyning and king.

(historical) A leader of the Vlach (or Romanian) communities in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.


Bohemian-Moravian Highlands

Highlands located in the Czech Republic.


Stasi

From German Stasi, abbreviation of Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (“Ministry for State Security”).

abbrev

German Democratic Republic
German Democratic Republic

(historical) The Ministry for State Security, secret police and intelligence organization of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany).


Kazakstan

He rejects the Hemimerina but admits the Arixenina, and brings forward a new suborder, the Archidermaptera, for the fossil species Protodiplatys fortis, described by Martynov from the Jurassic deposits of southern Kazakstan, which has 4-5-segmented tarsi, apparently rudiments of venation in the elytra, and segmented cerci, like the larvae of Diplatys and the Karschiellinae.

1937 January 15, “Current Notes and Short Notices”, in The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation, volume XLIX, number 1, page 10:

In a dramatic, secret operation in later 1994, the On-Site Inspection Agency took part in the transfer of weapons-grade materials from Kazakstan to the United States. The Kazakstan government agreed to transfer its highly enriched uranium to the U.S. for safekeeping, in exchange for an undisclosed amount of foreign aid from the United States.

1997 January, David M. Willford, A Brief History of the On-Site Inspection Agency, page 8:

The Daur minority is another Mongolian-speaking group, most of whom live near the town of Tacheng (Qochek), near the Kazakstan border.

1998, Linda Benson, Ingvar Svanberg, China's Last Nomads, M. E. Sharpe, →ISBN, page 25:

Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kazakhstan#English

Alternative form of Kazakhstan: A country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Official name: Republic of Kazakhstan.


Albanisation

(derogatory) A cultural change in which something ethnically non-Albanian is made to become Albanian.


Megleno-Romanian

From Romanian meglenoromân, corresponding to Meglenitic + Romanian.

An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken in northern Greece, North Macedonia and parts of Romania, and related to Romanian, Aromanian and Istro-Romanian.


Istro-Romanian

Of, from, or pertaining to the Istro-Romanian people, culture or language.

istrorumun

relating to Istro-Romanians or the Istro-Romanian language


Istro-Romanian

A person of Istrian and Romanian ethnicity.


Istro-Romanian

An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken in the Istrian region of Croatia, and related to Romanian, Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian.


Bosphorus

From medieval Latin Bosphorus, from Ancient Greek Βόσπορος (Bósporos).

The 20-min. crossing of the Bosphorus by ferry steamer from the Golden Horn, the busy river-fed harbour that divides old and new Istanbul on the European side of the Bosphorus, was a pleasure in itself.

1950 July, J. C. Mertens, “By the "Taurus Express" to Baghdad”, in Railway Magazine, page 435:

The narrow strait beside Istanbul, Turkey connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara, the northern end of the Turkish Straits connecting the Black Sea with the Aegean and Mediterranean.


Kievan

From Kiev + -an, from Russian Ки́ев (Kíjev).

Of or associated with the city of Kyiv (the capital city of Ukraine).

(historical) Of or associated with the city of Kiev, especially when referring to the medieval period (c. 880–c. 1150) when the city dominated the East Slavic lands which today are Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine.


Emerald Isle

Nor one feeling of vengeance presume to defile
The cause, or the men, of the Emerald Isle.

[…] with our diminishing supply of gasoline, our situation might be serious. Minutes passed and we saw no Emerald Isle.

1932, Amelia Earhart, “Across the Atlantic with the Friendship”, in The Fun of It, page 78:


Morava

Related to Czech Moře, German March and Latin Marus, both deriving ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *móri (“sea, standing water”). The river was first documented as Maraha in an 892 deed.

der

A river in Central Europe, through Moravia, a tributary of the Danube.


bagnio

From Italian bagno, from Latin balneum (“bath”). Doublet of bain, balaneion, and banya.

(obsolete) In Turkey, a prison for slaves.


dalesman

January 28 2002, A Harry Griffin, The Guardian, A time to kill.
The dalesmen's sport, fox-hunting on the fells, is gradually returning after its 11-months' foot-and-mouth ban.

A person from the Yorkshire Dales, or sometimes a person from Lakeland.


Italo-

Italo- + -phile → Italophile

Italo- + Austrian → Italo-Austrian


tonelada

From Portuguese and Spanish tonelada, from tonel (“tun”) + -ada (“-ful”), from Old French tonel (“little tun, cask”), from tone + -el (“-elle: forming diminutives”), from Late Latin tunna (“tun”), from Proto-Celtic *tunna (“hide, skin”).

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of mass, equivalent to about 793 kg.


testone

An ancient subunit of a Portuguese cruzado.


Berlin Wall

German Democratic Republic
German Democratic Republic#English

(history) A wall that parted the city of Berlin until 1989, constructed by the German Democratic Republic to keep East Germans from escaping to West Berlin.


Galatian

/ɡəˈleɪ.ʃən/

The now-extinct Celtic language of this tribe.


Disneyland

The archetypical theme park, located in Anaheim, California. Other Disneyland theme parks exist in other cities such as Chessy (Seine-et-Marne, France), Tokyo, Shanghai, and Hong Kong.


Northern Europe

A sociopolitical region of Europe including such countries as Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.


Southern Europe

A sociopolitical region of Europe including such countries as Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece


Papal States

en-proper noun

the Papal States pl (normally plural, singular Papal State)

the Papal States (canonical plural)
Papal State (singular)

On the model of Italian Stati Pontifici, plural of Stato Pontificio; compare the dated direct calque Pontifical States. The plural is typical in English and reflects the Papal States’ highly regionalised administration, but in various European languages, including contemporary Italian, the singular is more common.

(historical) A country in southern Europe that existed until 1870, comprising the territories of Italy over which the pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense.


Welsher

(rare, obsolete) Synonym of Walian: a Welsh person, a Welshman or Welshwoman.


Walian

en-adj

Walian (comparative more Walian, superlative most Walian)

more Walian (comparative)
most Walian (superlative)

(uncommon) Synonym of Welsh: of or relating to Wales.


eldership

en-noun

eldership (countable and uncountable, plural elderships)

From elder + -ship. The Lithuanian sense is a calque of Lithuanian seniūnija.

The smallest administrative division in Lithuania, equivalent to a ward.


Pontus

From Latin Pontus, from Ancient Greek Πόντος (Póntos, “Black Sea, Pontus”), from πόντος (póntos, “sea”), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀡𐀵 (po-to). Doublet of pons.

Pont

a region on the southern coast of the Black Sea

(historical) A province of the Roman Empire covering the area of the ancient kingdom.

(chiefly historical) A region of Turkey covering the area of the ancient kingdom.


Greek Orthodox Church

A group of Eastern Orthodox churches comprising the churches of Constantinople, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Cyprus and Greece.


gibanica

From Serbo-Croatian gìbanica/гѝбаница, from gíbati/ги́бати (“to sway, rock, swing; fold”), originally meaning "folded pie".

They sat eating gibanica and sardines and drinking some herbal grappa called kadulja.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 976:

A traditional dish from the Balkans made from filo pastry and white cheese.


Pax Britannica

Learned borrowing from New Latin Pax Britannica, from pāx (“peace”) + Britannica (“British”) after the model of the imperial Roman Pāx Rōmāna.

lbor

(history) The period of British hegemony over the seas and most oversea colonies between the 1805 Battle of Trafalgar and the onset of World War I in 1914.


Bay of Biscay

a gulf of the North Atlantic Ocean along the western coast of France from Brest south to the Spanish border, and the northern coast of Spain, named for the Spanish province of Biscay

خَلِيج غَاشْكُونِيَا

ḵalīj ḡāškūniyā


en-proper noun

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

/jʊˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm əv ˌɡɹeɪt ˈbɹɪtən ən ˌnɔː(ɹ)ðə(ɹ)n ˈaɪə(ɹ)lənd/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.wav

Derived from United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, following the Irish Independence and the Partition of Ireland in 1922, leaving Northern Ireland to stay in the United Kingdom.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

The official name of the United Kingdom (since 1927).

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Verenigde Koninkryk van Groot-Brittanje en Noord-Ierland

Mbretëria e Bashkuar e Britanisë së Madhe dhe Irlandës së Veriut

የታላቋ ብሪታኒያ እና የሰሜን አየርላንድ ንጉዛት ኅብረት

yätalaḳʷa bəritaniya ʾəna yäsämen ʾäyärland nəguzat ḫəbrät

al-mamlaka l-muttaḥida li-birīṭāniyā l-ʕuẓmā wa-ʔayirlandā š-šamāliyya

الْمَمْلَكَة الْمُتَّحِدَة لِبِرِيطَانِيَا الْعُظْمَى وَأَيِرْلَنْدَا الشَّمَالِيَّة

Mec Britaniayi ew Hyusisayin Iṙlandiayi Miacʻyal Tʻagavorutʻyun

Մեծ Բրիտանիայի և Հյուսիսային Իռլանդիայի Միացյալ Թագավորություն

Böyük Britaniya və Şimali İrlandiya Birləşmiş Krallığı

Böyök Britaniyanıñ həm Tönʹyaq İrlandiyanıñ Berləşkən Korollege

Бөйөк Британияның һәм Төньяҡ Ирландияның Берләшкән Короллеге

Britainia Handia eta Ipar Irlandako Erresuma Batua

Zlúčanaje Karaljéŭstva Vjalíkabrytánii i Paŭnóčnaj Irlándyi

Злу́чанае Карале́ўства Вялі́кабрыта́ніі і Паўно́чнай Ірла́ндыі

গ্রেট ব্রিটেন ও উত্তর আয়ারল্যান্ড যুক্তরাজ্য

Rouantelezh-Unanet Breizh-Veur ha Norzhiwerzhon

Obedinéno králstvo Velikobritánija i Séverna Irlándija

Обедине́но кра́лство Великобрита́ния и Се́верна Ирла́ндия

yunuiktak kang:dam:auhp. ga.ritbri.tinhnang. mrauk-uing-yalan

ယူနိုက်တက် ကင်းဒမ်းအော့ဖ် ဂရိတ်ဗြိတိန်နှင့် မြောက်အိုင်ယာလန်

Regne Unit de Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord

大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国

daai⁶ bat¹ lit⁶ din¹ kap⁶ bak¹ oi³ ji⁵ laan⁴ lyun⁴ hap⁶ wong⁴ gwok³

大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国

Dà-Bùlièdiān jí Běi-Ài'ěrlán Liánhé Wángguó

Ruwvaneth Unys Breten Veur ha Wordhon Gledh

Büyük Britaniya ve Şimaliy İrlandiya Qоşma Qırallığı

Spojené království Velké Británie a Severního Irska

Det Forenede Kongerige Storbritannien og Nordirland

Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland

Unuiĝinta Reĝlando de Granda Britio kaj Nord-Irlando

Suurbritannia ja Põhja-Iiri Ühendkuningriik

Sameinda kongsríkið Stórabretland og Norðurírland

Ison-Britannian ja Pohjois-Irlannin yhdistynyt kuningaskunta

Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord

Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda do Norte

didi briṭanetisa da črdiloet irlandiis gaertianebuli samepo

დიდი ბრიტანეთისა და ჩრდილოეთ ირლანდიის გაერთიანებული სამეფო

Vereinigtes Königreich Großbritannien und Nordirland

Inoméno Vasíleio tis Megális Vretanías kai tis Voreíou Irlandías

Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο της Μεγάλης Βρετανίας και της Βορείου Ιρλανδίας

yunāiṭeḍ kiṅgḍam opha greṭ briṭan ane uttarīya āyarlenḍ

યુનાઇટેડ કિંગડમ ઓફ ગ્રેટ બ્રિટન અને ઉત્તરીય આયર્લેન્ડ

ha-mamlakha ha-me'ukhedet shel britanya ha-g'dola u-ts'fon 'irland

הַמַּמְלָכָה הַמְאוּחֶדֶת שֶׁל בְּרִיטַנְיָה הַגְּדוֹלָה וּצְפוֹן אִירְלַנְד

bŕhad briṭen aur uttarī āyarlaiṇḍ kā yūnāīṭeḍ kiṅgḍam

बृहद् ब्रिटेन और उत्तरी आयरलैण्ड का यूनाईटेड किंगडम

Nagy-Britannia és Észak-Írország Egyesült Királysága

Hið sameinaða konungsríki Stóra-Bretlands og Norður-Írlands

Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia Utara

Ríocht Aontaithe na Breataine Móire agus Thuaisceart Éireann

Regno Unito di Gran Bretagna e Irlanda del Nord

グレートブリテン及び北アイルランド連合王国

グレートブリテンおよびきたアイルランドれんごうおうこく

Gurēto Buriten oyobi Kita Airurando Rengō Ōkoku

Ik Britişin boln Ar Gäälgüdin Niitsätä Nutg

Ик Бритишин болн Ар Гәәлгүдин Ниицәтә Нутг

grēṭ briṭan hāgū uttara airleṇḍna yunaiṭeḍ kiṅgḍaṃ

ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಹಾಗೂ ಉತ್ತರ ಐರ್ಲೆಂಡ್ನ ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್ಡಂ

Ūlybritaniä jäne Soltüstık İrlandiä Qūrama Patşalyğy

Ұлыбритания және Солтүстік Ирландия Құрама Патшалығы

Ūlybritaniä jäne Soltüstık İrlandiä Bırıkken Koroldıgı

Ұлыбритания және Солтүстік Ирландия Біріккен Корольдігі

Ūlybritaniä jäne Soltüstık İrlandiä Bırıkken Patşalyğy

Ұлыбритания және Солтүстік Ирландия Біріккен Патшалығы

រាជាណាចក្ររួមនៃសហភាពអង់គ្លេស និង អៀរឡង់ខាងជើង

그레이트브리튼 북아일랜드 연합 왕국

Geureiteubeuriteun bugaillaendeu yeonhap wangguk

대브리텐 및 북아일랜드 련합 왕국

Daebeuriten mit bugaillaendeu ryeonhap wangguk

Keyaniya Yekbûyî ya Brîtaniya Mezin û Bakurê Îrlendayê

ສະຫະລາຊະອານາຈັກເບຕາຍໃຫຍ່ແລະອຽກລັງເໜືອ

sa ha lā sa ʼā nā chak bē tāi nyai læ ʼīak lang nư̄a

Lielbritānijas un Ziemeļīrijas Apvienotā Karaliste

Jungtinė Didžiosios Britanijos ir Šiaurės Airijos Karalystė

Vereenegt Kinnekräich vu Groussbritannien an Nordirland

Obedineto Kralstvo na Velika Britanija i Severna Irska

Обединето Кралство на Велика Британија и Северна Ирска

Kerajaan Bersatu Britain Raya dan Ireland Utara

Ir-Renju Unit tal-Gran Brittanja u l-Irlanda ta’ Fuq

Reeriaght Unnaneysit ny Bretyn Mooar as Nerin Hwoaie

Ko te Kīngatanga Kotahi o Piritene Nui me Airangi ki te Raki

greṭ briṭan va uttar āyarlaṇḍce saiyukta rājtantra

ग्रेट ब्रिटन व उत्तर आयर्लंडचे संयुक्त राजतंत्र

didi briṭanetiš do oorue irlandiaš goartoianapili omape

დიდი ბრიტანეთიშ დო ოორუე ირლანდიაშ გოართოიანაფილი ომაფე

Tótaʼ Dineʼé dóó Náhookǫsjí Bitsiighaʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí

belāyat ra uttarī āyaralyānḍako samyukta adhirājya

बेलायत र उत्तरी आयरल्यान्डको संयुक्त अधिराज्य

Rouoyaume Unni d'la Grande Brétangne et d'l'Irlande du Nord

Det forente kongerike Storbritannia og Nord-Irland

Det sameinte kongeriket Storbritannia og Nord-Irland

Styr Britani æmæ Cægat Irlandijy Iwgond Padʒaxad

Стыр Британи ӕмӕ Цӕгат Ирландийы Иугонд Паддзахад

pâdešâhi-ye mottahed-e beritâniyâ-ye kabir va irland-e šomâli

پادشاهی متحد بریتانیای کبیر و ایرلند شمالی

Zjednoczone Królestwo Wielkiej Brytanii i Irlandii Północnej

Reino Unido da Grã-Bretanha e da Irlanda do Norte

gareṭ briṭen ate uttarī āiralaiṇḍ dī sãyukat rājśāhī

ਗਰੇਟ ਬ੍ਰਿਟੇਨ ਅਤੇ ਉੱਤਰੀ ਆਇਰਲੈਂਡ ਦੀ ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜਸ਼ਾਹੀ

Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și al Irlandei de Nord

Sojedinjónnoje Korolévstvo Velikobritánii i Sévernoj Irlándii

Соединённое Короле́вство Великобрита́нии и Се́верной Ирла́ндии

Iunaite Malo o Peretānia Tele ma Aialani i Matu

Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland

Unitit Kinrick o Greet Breetain an Northren Ireland

Unitit Kinrick o Greet Breetain an Norlin Airlan

Unitit Kinrick o Greet Britain an Norlin Airlann

An Rìoghachd Aonaichte Bhreatainn is Èireann a Tuath

Уједињено Краљевство Велике Британије и Северне Ирске

Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske

Regnu Unitu dâ Britagna Granni e di l'Irlanna dû Norti

mahā britānya hā uturu ayarlanta eksat rājadhāniya

මහා බ්රිතාන්ය හා උතුරු අයර්ලන්ත එක්සත් රාජධානිය

Spojené kráľovstvo Veľkej Británie a Severného Írska

Združeno kraljestvo Velike Britanije in Severne Irske

Midowga boqortooyada Britan iyo woqooyiga Ireland

Zjadnośone kralojstwo Wjelikeje Britaniskeje a Pódpołnocneje Irskeje

Zjednoćene kralestwo Wulkobritaniskeje a Sewjerneje Irskeje

Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte

Förenade konungariket Storbritannien och Nordirland

Reyno Unido ng Gran Britanya at Hilagang Irlanda

Podšohi-yi Muttahida-yi Britaniya-yi Kabir va Irlandiya-yi Šimoli

Подшоҳии Муттаҳидаи Британияи Кабир ва Ирландияи Шимолӣ

periya pirittāṉiyā maṟṟum vaṭa ayarlāntiṉ aikkiya irācciyam

பெரிய பிரித்தானியா மற்றும் வட அயர்லாந்தின் ஐக்கிய இராச்சியம்

yunaiṭeḍ kiṅgḍam āph grēṭ briṭan mariyu dakṣiṇa airlāṇḍ

యునైటెడ్ కింగ్డమ్ ఆఫ్ గ్రేట్ బ్రిటన్ మరియు దక్షిణ ఐర్లాండ్

สหราชอาณาจักรบริเตนใหญ่และไอร์แลนด์เหนือ

สหราชอาณาจักรเกรตบริเตนและนอร์เทิร์นไอร์แลนด์

Büyük Britanya ve Kuzey İrlanda Birleşik Krallığı

Beýik Britaniýanyň we Demirgazyk Irlandiýanyň Birleşen Patyşalygy

Spolúčene Korolívstvo Velýkoji Brytániji ta Pivníčnoji Irlándiji

Сполу́чене Королі́вство Вели́кої Брита́нії та Півні́чної Ірла́ндії

muttahidā mamlakat-e britānyā-e kabīr va śumālī āirlaiṇḍ

متحدہ مملکتِ برطانیہ کبیر و شمالی آئرلینڈ

mamlakat-e muttahida-e azīm britānya-o śumālī āirlaiṇḍ

مملکت متحدہ عظیم برطانیہ و شمالی آئرلینڈ

mamlakat-e muttahida-e britānya-e uzma-o śumālī āiristān

مملکت متحدہ برطانیہ عظمیٰ و شمالی آئرستان

Buyuk Britaniya va Shimoliy Irlandiya Birlashgan Qirolligi

Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon

Feriene Keninkryk fan Grut-Brittanje en Noard-Ierlân

fareynikte kinigraykh fun groysbritanye un tsofn irland

פֿאַראייניקטע קיניגרײַך פֿון גרויסבריטאַניע און צפֿון אירלאַנד

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland


hopak

1925–30, from Ukrainian гопа́к (hopák), from the interjection гоп (hop).
Compare Ukrainian го́пати (hópaty), го́пкати (hópkaty), гопцюва́ти (hopcjuváty), го́пки (hópky), and dated Ukrainian го́пи (hópy, “dance steps”), го́пка (hópka, “child (jocular)”).

Somewhere an accordion was playing a jazz-inflected hopak.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 1213:


Germanophile

What we have seen is that a simple binary system of Anglophobe versus Anglophile and Germanophobe versus Germanophile grossly misrepresents the character of Anglo-German relations and antagonism in the pre-1914 era.

2008, Thomas Weber, Our Friend "the Enemy":, page 93:

Someone who admires Germany or its culture, cuisine, history or people.


Berliner

The first sense is either from German Berliner (“native or inhabitant of Berlin”) or formed in English from Berlin + -er. The second sense is from German Berliner (“doughnut”).


Colosseum

From Late Latin, from Latin colosseus (“colossal”); a mediaeval term for the classical Latin Amphitheatrum Flavium; see also coliseum.

The Colosseum (known at the time as the Flavian Amphitheater) in Rome was the empire's greatest amphitheater. A marvel of Roman engineering, the Colosseum could hold up to 70,000 spectators.

2002, Tracey Ann Schofield, Rome, page 39:

The Colosseum’s elliptical shape is 617 feet long, 512 feet across, and 159 feet high.

2007, Luciano Mangiafico, Italy's Most Wanted™: The Top 10 Book of Roman Ruins, Wonderful Wines, and Renaissance Rarities, page 36:

Perhaps no classical Roman ruin evokes the excesses of the late Empire like the Colosseum.

2009, Holly Hughes, Frommer's 500 Places to Take Your Kids Before They Grow Up, unnumbered page:

The largest stadium in the Roman empire, located near the center of Rome.


Ruthenia

Related to Ruthene, Ruthenian, Ruthenic, from Medieval Latin Rutheni, Ruteni, related to Russi, Ruzi as Prutheni, Pruteni is to Prussi, Pruzi (“Prussians”). Compare Rus, Russ, from Old East Slavic Русь (Rusĭ), compare Byzantine Greek Ῥῶς (Rhôs).

The territory between Central and Eastern Europe inhabited by Rusyns, on the slopes of the Carpathian Mountains in parts of Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia.


Little Russia

I am very fond of the modest manner of life of those solitary owners of remote villages, who in Little Russia are commonly called ‘old-fashioned’ […].

1928, Nicolai Gogol, translated by Constance Garnett, Old-world Landowners:

(historical) The territory of the former Russian Empire inhabited by Ukrainians, approximately corresponding to modern central and eastern Ukraine.

(historical) The former Imperial Russian administrative subdivisions in north central Ukraine.


Leaning Tower of Pisa

“Marge Gets A Job” opens with the foundation of the Simpson house tilting perilously to one side, making the family homestead look like the suburban equivalent of the Leaning Tower Of Pisa.

2012 May 20, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Marge Gets A Job” (season 4, episode 7; originally aired 11/05/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:

A famous bell tower in the Italian town of Pisa, known for its irregular lean.

Skewe Toring van Pisa

the leaning bell tower in the Italian town of Pisa


Anatolian

An extinct group of Indo-European languages once spoken in Anatolia, including Hittite and Luwian.


propiska

Borrowed from Russian пропи́ска (propíska), from пропи́сывать (propísyvatʹ, “write into”).

Passport system in the Soviet Union
propiska

a system of population control in the ex-USSR, (regional) residence permit, registration

գրանցում

system of mandatory registration in ex-USSR

asuinpaikkarekisteri (no established translation)

the stamp in the Soviet internal passport (serving as a personal ID) with the registered address.

asuinpaikkamerkintä (no established translation)


Swiss German

Today, it is probably true to say that both varieties have positive prestige but for different reasons and to differing extents: attitudes to Swiss German, as the unifying vernacular that gives the German-Swiss their identity, are positive in every respect, while Swiss standard German enjoys widespread prestige only as a written form that enables them to be part of the international German-speaking community […].

1990, Stephen Barbour, Patrick Stevenson, Variation in German: A Critical Approach to German Sociolinguistics, page 213:

We do not intend this book to serve as a complete course in Swiss German; rather, it serves as a supplement to those studying the language in a more formal way.

2004, Harald Fuchs, Paul G. Schreier, Züritüütsch isch aifach schön, page xi:

The varieties of Alemannic German spoken in Switzerland.


white paper

→ Malay: kertas putih (calque)

→ Polish: biała księga (calque)

(British, Ireland, European Union, government, politics) A parliamentary document announcing or proposing a government policy or action.


Moravian

en-adj

Moravian (comparative more Moravian, superlative most Moravian)

more Moravian (comparative)
most Moravian (superlative)

Pertaining to, or bordering on, the Morava river in Czech Republic, Europe.


Swiss Army knife

en-noun

Swiss Army knife (plural Swiss Army knives)

Swiss Armed Forces
Swiss Army knife
Swiss Army knife#History

From the prominent (although not exclusive) association of this type of knife with officers of the Swiss Army; see Swiss Army knife § History for details.

Any of a class of multi-function pocket knives or multitools, having a blade and various tools, such as screwdrivers and can openers.

(figuratively, by extension) A tool that has many functions, one for every perceivable need.


Etna

From the Latin Aetna, perhaps via the Italian Etna. From either Ancient Greek Αἴτνη (Aítnē, “Aetna”) or αἴθω (aíthō, “I burn”), or from a Sicanian dialect Italic base *aið-na (“fiery one”), all from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eydʰ- (“burn; fire”). Doublet of Aetna.

der

An active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, between Messina and Catania.


camembert

en-noun

camembert (countable and uncountable, plural camemberts)

From Camembert, the Normandy village where it originated.

A soft, creamy cheese from France made from cow's milk.


Mstsislaw

a town in the Mahiloŭ Province of Belarus


Russophilia

/ˌɹʌsəˈfɪli.ə/

Russophilia was directly weakened by military base agreements with the US.

2015, Boris Popivanov, Changing Images of the Left in Bulgaria, page 126:

A strong interest in or admiration of Russia, Russian culture, or the Russian people.

親俄派

a strong interest in the country, culture, or people of Russia


Kosovar

en-adj

Kosovar (comparative more Kosovar, superlative most Kosovar)

more Kosovar (comparative)
most Kosovar (superlative)


Kosovan

Kosovan (comparative more Kosovan, superlative most Kosovan)

more Kosovan (comparative)
most Kosovan (superlative)

From, of, or pertaining to Kosovo or its people, culture or language.


Brianza

Geographical area at the foot of the Alps, in north-western Lombardy, northern Italy


Uusimaa

A region (administrative) of Southern Finland.


ushanka

Borrowed from Russian уша́нка (ušánka), from у́ши (úši) (the accusative or nominative plural of у́хо (úxo, “ear”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓws (“ear”), from *h₂ew- (“to see; to be aware of, perceive”) with a shift of meaning) + -а́нка (-ánka) (variant of -я́нка (-jánka, suffix forming names of specific objects)).

I have no idea why he's wearing a ushanka in triple digit heat; bro's forehead must be drenched in sweat.

A traditional Russian fur cap with earflaps.

oesjanka

俄罗斯帽子 (Éluósī màozi, literally “Russian hat”)

护耳冬帽 (hùěrdōngmào, literally “ear-protecting winter hat”)

罗宋帽

Shanghainese: ⁶lu son mau, Suzhounese: ²lou son⁵ mau⁶

läkiläki (traditional Estonian winter hat from fur and with earflaps)

karbus (ushanka; a winterhat from fur and with earflaps)

kõrvik ("something with huge ears" translation-loan from ushanka)


home rule

The rule or government of an appendant or dependent country, as to some or all local and internal legislation, by means of a governing power vested in the people within the country itself, in contradistinction to a government established by the dominant country.

(historical, especially) Self-government of the island of Ireland.


Poznań

A city in Poland, alternative spelling of Poznan


Six Counties

(Ireland, informal) The six Irish counties that form Northern Ireland.

na Sé Chontae

the six counties that comprise Northern Ireland


Cantabrigian

/kæntəˈbɹɪd͡ʒɪən/

From Latin Cantabrigia (“Cambridge”) + -n.

An undergraduate, graduate or fellow of the University of Cambridge


European Commission

The executive branch of the European Union.


Zealander

(informal) A resident or inhabitant of New Zealand; a New Zealander.


Tuileries

From French Tuileries, from tuileries, feminine plural of tuilerie (“place for manufacturing tiles”). The name comes from the tile kilns which occupied the site before the palace.

A palace in Paris, France which was built in the 16th century and destroyed by fire in 1871.


Roma

From Latin and Italian Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Rome.

But it would have been so nice to have a private income, and to be able sometimes to go to Venezia, Firenze, Roma, those places with the beautiful names.

1896, W[alter] D[elaplaine] Scull, “Mrs. Platt”, in The Garden of the Matchboxes and Other Stories, London: Elkin Mathews, page 94:


onça

From Portuguese onça, from Latin uncia (“unit, ¹⁄₁₂ pound”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one”).

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of mass, usually equivalent to 28.7 g.


Lancastrian

Lancastrian (comparative more Lancastrian, superlative most Lancastrian)

more Lancastrian (comparative)
most Lancastrian (superlative)

Of or relating to Lancaster or Lancashire.


Lancastrian

(historical) An adherent of the house of Lancaster, as against the Yorkists, in the Wars of the Roses.

(aviation, historical) A modified version of the Lancaster bomber, used in civilian service in the immediate postwar years.


Kievan Rus

(historical) A medieval principality in Eastern Europe centred around Kiev; considered an early predecessor of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.


gallic

From Latin Gallicus (“of or related to Gaul”), also used archaically in New Latin and English in reference to France.

bor

Alternative letter-case form of Gallic: Of or related to ancient Gaul, the medieval Frankish kingdom, or its successor states.


Ottoman Turkish

Of, from, or pertaining to Ottoman Empire, the Ottomans or the Ottoman Turkish language.


Sea of Azov

/ˈsiː əv ˈɑːzɒv/

Calque of Russian Азо́вское мо́ре (Azóvskoje móre)

calque

Азо́вское мо́ре

A very shallow sea bounded by Russia, Ukraine, and the Crimean peninsula, linked to the Black Sea by the Strait of Kerch.


duumvirate

From Latin duumvirātus, from duumvir + -ātus. Equivalent to duumvir + -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office, here the group of people involved with it).

af

(historical) Any of several offices of the Roman Republic held by two joint magistrates known as duumvirs.


TEU

Treaty on European Union
w:Treaty on European Union


Marches

administrative region
administrative region

Synonym of Marche, An administrative region in central Italy.


bandura

Borrowed from Ukrainian банду́ра (bandúra), possibly through Italian pandura and Polish bandura, from Late Latin pandura (“musical instrument with three strings”), from Ancient Greek πανδοῦρα (pandoûra, “three-stringed lute; zither”), perhaps from Lydian.

der

He touches the strings and pours forth a song descriptive of his live, his wanderings, his anguish, and is discovered by the magic tones of the bandura, his adventures, above all, by his voice and passionate fire.

1871, [Nikolai Nikolaevich] Muraviev, “Return”, in Philipp Strahl, W[illiam] S[tephen] A[lexander] Lockhart, transl., Muraviev’s Journey to Khiva through the Turcoman Country, 1819–20. Translated from the Russian […]; and from the German […], Calcutta: Printed at the Foreign Department Press, […], →OCLC, page 81:

The whole night passed amid shouts, songs, and rejoicings; and the rising moon gazed long at troops of musicians traversing the streets with bandouras, flutes, round balalaikas, and the church choir, who were kept in the Setch to sing in church and glorify the deeds of the Zaporozhtzi.

1886, Nikolaï Vasilievitch Gogol, chapter III, in Isabel F[lorence] Hapgood, transl., Taras Bulba [...] Translated from the Russian, New York, N.Y.: Thomas Y[oung] Crowell & Co. […], →OCLC, page 75:

I have an old bandura hanging up on the wall in the hut. Opanás taught me to play on it, but there is no one to play it after me; and when I die, and that may be soon, perhaps nowhere in the wide world will one be found to play the bandura.

1887, Vladímir Korolénko, “The Forest Soughs. A Forest Legend.”, in Aline Delano, transl., The Vagrant and Other Tales, New York, N.Y.: Thomas Y[oung] Crowell & Co. […], →OCLC, page 50:

'Thank you, master, for your lesson. I will sing you a song if you will listen;' and he touched a string of the bandura.

1913, Bernard Pares, Maurice Baring, Samuel N[orthrup] Harper, editors, The Russian Review: A Quarterly Review of Russian History, Politics, Economics and Literature, volume 2, Paris, New York, N.Y.: Thomas Nelson and Sons, →OCLC, page 177:

It was only at this time that bandura players emerged from underground. They had been banned from playing under the Tsar, and then they emerged and began to remind everyone openly about their Cossack past and to awaken feelings of nationalism in young children.

1988, Commission on the Ukraine Famine, quoting Oleksander Honcharenko (interviewee), “Appendix I: Translations of Selected Oral Histories [Case History LH38: Translated from Ukrainian by Darian Diachok]”, in Investigation of the Ukrainian Famine 1932–1933: Report to Congress […], Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 337:

In the Ukraine of Russia the large bandoura with its almost circular face and as many as thirty strings (combining a zither function with fingered lute technique) is a popular short-necked lute, [...]

1997, David [Benedict] Reck, Music of the Whole Earth, New York, N.Y.: Da Capo Press, →ISBN, page 133:

The bandura, a kind of zither, is unique to Ukraine and is considered the national instrument.

1999 November, Alexis Kochan, Julian Kytasty, “Ukraine: The Bandura Played On”, in Simon Broughton, Mark Ellingham, and Richard Trillo, with Orla Duane and Vanessa Dowell, editors, World Music: Volume 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East (The Rough Guide), London: Rough Guides, published October 2000, →ISBN, page 309:

The classical bandura is tuned diatonically and has 20 strings and wooden pegs; the Kharkiv bandura is tuned diatonically or chromatically and has a single string mechanism and 34 to 65 strings; and the Kyiv bandura, which has 55 to 64 strings, is tuned chromatically.

2007, John Radzilowski, “Bringing Ukrainian Traditions to North America”, in Robert D. Johnston, editor, Ukrainian Americans (The New Immigrants), New York, N.Y.: Chelsea House, Infobase Publishing, →ISBN, page 91:

A Ukrainian plucked stringed instrument with a tear-shaped body, like an asymmetrical lute or a vertical zither, which is played with both hands while held upright on the lap.

uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич


New France

From new + France.
Calque of French Nouvelle-France.
From Middle French Nouvelle France.

(historical) France's former possessions and colonies in North America, including Canada (now Quebec and Ontario and Ohio plains), Acadia (now New Brunswick and Nova Scotia), and Louisiana (now the Mississippi plains), before 1763.

en:New France
en:New France (disambiguation)


Kyivan

en-adj

Kyivan (comparative more Kyivan, superlative most Kyivan)

more Kyivan (comparative)
most Kyivan (superlative)

From Kyiv + -an, from Ukrainian Ки́їв (Kýjiv).

Of or associated with the city of Kyiv (the capital city of Ukraine).


Kyiv

→ Russian: Ку́ев (Kújev)

Transliteration of Ukrainian Ки́їв (Kýjiv), from Old East Slavic Кꙑевъ (Kyjevŭ), which derives from the name of city's legendary founder, Kyi, means Kyi's city. Other proposals derive it from Proto-Slavic *kyjь (“stick, club, hammer”) (compare to Ukrainian кий (kyj)). See also at the article about Old East Slavic Кꙑевъ (Kyjevŭ).

der

The capital city of Ukraine and the administrative centre of Kyiv Oblast.


Celtiberian

Celtiberian
Celtiberian language
Celtiberians

A member of a Celtic people living in the Iberian Peninsula, chiefly in what is now north central Spain, before and during the Roman Empire.


Wealden

A local government district in East Sussex, England, created in 1974 and named after the Weald.


horilka

en-noun

horilka (countable and uncountable, plural horilkas)

From Ukrainian горі́лка (horílka, “vodka”). Compare Belarusian гарэ́лка (harélka), South Russian горе́лка (gorélka).

In return for a glass of horilka he took us to the other end of the village, showed us an empty hut, and introduced us to its owner.

1931, Ekaterina Konstantinovna Breshko-Breshkovskaia, Lincoln Hutchinson ed., Hidden Springs of the Russian Revolution: Personal Memoirs of Katerina Breshkovskaia, Stanford University Press, page 32:

Ukrainian distilled spirit, sometimes flavoured with hot peppers.


Kharkiv

Kharkiv River
en:Kharkiv (disambiguation)

From Ukrainian Ха́рків (Xárkiv), from Old Ruthenian Ха́рьковъ (Xárʹkov) (compare Russian Ха́рьков (Xárʹkov), whence English Kharkov). The city is named after the Kharkiv River. A folk etymology says the city and river are named after a Cossack called Харко́ (Xarkó), from Харько́ (Xarʹkó), from Greek Χαρίτων (Charíton), but there is no hard evidence supporting this.

As a schoolboy in the Soviet Ukraine's second largest city of Kharkiv, (it was then spelled Kharkov in line with the all-permeating 'Russification'), I was a railway buff.

2024 September 4, Vitali Vitaliev, “A salute to Ukraine's 'Second Army'”, in RAIL, number 1017, page 46:

(city) An industrial city, the administrative centre of Kharkiv Raion, Kharkiv Oblast, in eastern Ukraine.


townland

Here is to be noted, that Sir Hugh got his estate by townlands, by reason of his agreement with Con O'Neil, whereas other undertakers of plantations in Ulster had several scopes of land (called proportions) admeasured to them, each containing one thousand acres, profitable for plough and good pasture, mountains and bog not reckoned in the number, but thrown in as an appurtenance.

1696–1706, William Montgomery, chapter IV, in George Hill, editor, The Montgomery Manuscripts: (1603–1706): Compiled from Family Papers by William Montgomery of Rosemount, Esquire; […], Belfast: James Cleeland, […]; Thomas Dargan, […], published 1869, →OCLC, page 55:

I am not aware that those tenants have since transgressed; but I received a letter from home, informing me that there were three fines struck upon a townland of mine, and that on the tenants of that townland being asked how that came about, the only account they gave was, that there were three stills brought from Cloghonnelly, and lodged in that townland of mine.

1816 May 31, Alexander Stewart (witness), “Appendix. Minutes of Evidence Taken before the Select Committee Appointed to Inquire into the Causes and Extent of Illicit Distillation of Spirits in Ireland, and the Best Means or the Prevention thereof; […]”, in Reports, also, Accounts and Papers, Relating to Ireland. […], volume IX, pages 63–64:

The civil distribution of Ireland, in the descending scale, is into Provinces, Counties, Baronies, Parishes, and Townlands; and under these successive grades of classification every acre of Ireland is accounted for in that noble compilation, the Census of 1851,— […]

1861 April 22, W[illia]m Reeves, “On the Townland Distribution of Ireland”, in Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, volume VII, Dublin: Printed by M[ichael] H[enry] Gill, […], published 1862, →OCLC, page 473:

[T]hey walked round the lake, for the townland was at the back of the demesne; and while they walked, James proposed to pay Mike ten shillings a week for his board and lodging.

1903, George Moore, “Home-Sickness”, in The Untilled Field, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, […], →OCLC, page 158:

[T]he report had already been spread about the country that Shiana was out of his mind; […] that there was a batch of people in every one of the seven townlands cutting splinters of wood to make torches for the night to go in search of him, and that no doubt he would be found stuck head downwards in some hole and drowned, or in some rock-cave, perished with cold and hunger.

1916, [Peter O’Leary], “The Jewel”, in Shiana: From the Irish, Dublin: The Irish Book Company […]; Browne & Nolan, Limited […], →OCLC, pages 89–90:

Lixnaw is my parish and my hurling club; Ballinclogher is my townland and my home. Finuge is the football side of the parish, about 8 miles from where I grew up.

2014, Paul Galvin, “North Kerry – Rebel Stronghold”, in In My Own Words: The Autobiography, London: Transworld Ireland, Transworld Publishers, →ISBN, page 28:

(Ireland) A geographical unit of land smaller than a parish.


Sienese

Native or inhabitant of Siena in Tuscany, Italy.


Gutnish

From Swedish gotländsk (“from Gotland”). Equivalent to Got(land) + -ish.

The native language of the island of Gotland in present day Sweden, used both as a spoken and written language until late medieval times. Modern Gutnish is increasingly marginalised by Standard Swedish.


Wimbleware

Blend of Wimbledon + Edgware (from Edgware Road)

(rail transport, informal) The Wimbledon to Edgware Road service on the London Underground's District Line.


Drusilla

Latin Drusilla, feminine diminutive form of the cognomen Drusus.

And after certain days, when Felix came with his wife Drusilla, which was a Jewess, he sent for Paul, and heard him concerning the faith in Christ.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 24:24:


Bermudan option

Bermudan option (plural Bermudan options)

Play on words due to the cultural, geographic, and political similarities between Bermuda alongside both the Americas and Europe and the fact that this financial option has elements of both American and European styles.

(finance) An option that can be exercised at specific dates between issue date and expiry date. Sometimes known as a mid-Atlantic option.


Austrian German

A national standard variety of the German language that is spoken and written in Austria and Bolzano-Bozen (Italy).


Venizelist

en-adj

Venizelist (comparative more Venizelist, superlative most Venizelist)

more Venizelist (comparative)
most Venizelist (superlative)

From the name of Eleftherios Venizelos (1864–1936), Greek politician.

Four Venizelist republicans listened to Hector and wondered bitterly how it was that all the bands had somehow ended up with a committee of three leaders who were Communist and were against Britain, the only country that had ever tried to help them since the war began.

1994, Louis de Bernières, Captain Corelli's Mandolin, Minerva, published 1995, page 229:

But the events of that Friday became the signal for a rampage throughout the city against anyone and everyone suspected of Venizelist sympathies.

2019, Roderick Beaton, Greece: Biography of a Modern Nation, Penguin, published 2020, page 213:

(now historical) Pertaining to or supportive of Venizelos or his policies.


Venizelist

(now historical) A supporter or adherent of Eleftherios Venizelos or his political policies.


Ruhr

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

(The Ruhr) An urban area of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.


Volyn

Volyn province (oblast) in northwestern Ukraine.


Zakarpattia

From Ukrainian Закарпа́ття (Zakarpáttja, “Transcarpathia”), from за- (za-, “beyond”) + Карпа́ти (Karpáty, “Carpathians”) + -ття (-ttja, “denoting a place”).

bor

Carpathian Mountains
Carpathian Mountains

(historical) Carpathian Ruthenia, a historic region in the Carpathian Mountains in the west of Ukraine, eastern Slovakia, southeastern Poland, and northwestern Romania.


Crimean peninsula

Crimea, a peninsula of southern Ukraine between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.


Donbas

From Ukrainian Донба́с (Donbás), abbreviation of Доне́цький басе́йн (Donécʹkyj baséjn, “Donets Basin”), after Доне́ць (Donécʹ, “Donets River”) + басе́йн (baséjn, “basin”). Compare Donbass, from Russian.

ORDLO

referring to the Russian separatist enclaves located there, especially by the Ukrainian government

(usually with definite article) An industrial region in eastern Ukraine.

دُونْبَاس

an industrial region in eastern Ukraine.


Turkish coffee

en-noun

Turkish coffee (countable and uncountable, plural Turkish coffees)

When a cup of coffee is wanted, the requisite amount of finely powdered coffee is measured into one of these little coffee-pots; water enough to fill the pot is poured in, and it is set upon live coals, until it heats up to just the boiling point. It is then, without straining or otherwise settling the grounds, poured out into a tiny cup, and this is Turkish coffee.

1881, Francis Beatty Thurber, Coffee; from Plantation to Cup, New York: American Grocer Publishing Association, page 35:

Larissa, 107 miles from Salonica, is reached at 10.33, and there is a halt of 17 min. while vendors of oranges, cheese, meat on skewers, sweetmeats, and Turkish coffee do a brisk trade.

1951 November, 'Pausanias', “To Greece by the "Simplon-Orient Express"”, in Railway Magazine, page 731:

Coffee prepared by boiling finely powdered roast coffee beans in a pot, possibly with sugar, and serving it into a cup, where the dregs settle.


Capitoline

From Latin Capitolīnus (adj. & n.), from Capitolium (“Capitoline Hill”) + -inus (“-ine: forming adjectives”), from the oblique stem of caput (“head”) + -ō (“forming nouns”) or -ōlus (“-ole: forming diminutives”) + -ium (“forming location names”).

Capitoline Hill
Constantine the Great
Museum of Roman Civilization

He said to meet him on the Capitoline.

Synonym of Capitoline Hill, the highest of the seven hills of Rome.


Capitoline

Of or relating to Capitoline Hill in Rome or (historical) the various temples there in antiquity.


kvass

kvass (countable and uncountable, plural kvasses)

She […] talked constantly, mostly of her childhood, the young ladies’ school she had attended, and the pleasures of Kiev in the summertime.
“Days are long and hot, but nights are languorous and starlit. People refresh themselves in their flower gardens and some walk in the parks, drink kvass and lemonade, and listen to the symphonies […]”

1966, Bernard Malamud, chapter 2, in The Fixer:

A fermented cereal-based low alcoholic beverage, often flavored with fruit, honey and herbs.


Burgundian

/bɜːˈɡʌndɪən/

/bɜːɹˈɡʌndɪən/

From Burgundy + -an. Compare Old English Burgendan (“Burgundians”).

The extinct East Germanic language of the Burgundians.


coto

From Spanish coto (“half-span, quarter-cubit”), supposedly a variant of codo (“Spanish cubit”), from Vulgar Latin forms of Latin cubitum (“elbow, Roman cubit”), but more probably a development of or influenced by Latin quārtus (“a fourth”) from its use as a fourth of the cubit or Latin quattuor (“four”) from its approximation of the span across four fingers.

bor

(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of length, equivalent to about 10.4 cm.


Mordvinian

Of or pertaining to Mordvinia (Mordovia).


South Ossetia

Republic of South Ossetia
Republic of South Ossetia

A disputed region in the South Caucasus. Formally recognized as a part of Georgia by most countries, but de facto an independent country fully named Republic of South Ossetia, with capital city Tskhinvali.


Tuvan

A Turkic language spoken around the area of Tuva.


fivepence

Five pence (British coin)
Five pence (Irish coin)


Aurelius

Would the name Marcus Aurelius have meant anything to him? In all probability, he would have thought it a fancy name for a black slave.

1992, Anne Rice, The Tale of the Body Thief, Arrow Books, →ISBN, page 169:

A male given name from Latin; of mostly historical use in the Anglo-Saxon world.


Kazakhstani

en-adj

Kazakhstani (comparative more Kazakhstani, superlative most Kazakhstani)

more Kazakhstani (comparative)
most Kazakhstani (superlative)

Unlike Ali G Indahouse, Baron Cohen’s failed attempt to bring his most famous character into an entirely fictional universe, Borat found the comic tension in placing his Kazakhstani buffoon in delicate social situations, like a rodeo where he supports the “War Of Terror” a bit too zealously.

2012 May 15, Scott Tobias, “Film: Reviews: The Dictator”, in The Onion AV Club:

Of or pertaining to Kazakhstan, its people and culture


Putinism

Indeed Putinism elided the differences between consensus, centrism and conformity.

2004, Cameron Ross, Russian Politics Under Putin, Manchester University Press, page 60:

Putin may now calculate he can call off the dogs of war, having achieved his aims and able to pocket his gains very cheaply. The Georgia campaign becomes the triumphant climax of Putinism. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/aug/16/georgia.russia1

2008 August 16, Ian Traynor, “Six days that broke one country - and reshaped the world order”, in The Guardian:

And so it was Surkov who in 2004 announced that Putinism, this strange new hybrid of Soviet-type authoritarianism and free-market morals, was based on the concept of ‘sovereign democracy’.

2014, Marc Bennetts, Kicking the Kremlin: Russia’s New Dissidents and the Battle to Topple Putin, Oneworld Publications:

Navalny’s boyish charm, quick wit and detailed accounts of the dodgy deals and luxurious homes of the elite have made his Internet-distributed videos oopular as devastating indictments of the open-mawed corruption of late Putinism.

2019, Mark Galeotti, We Need to Talk About Putin: Why the West gets him wrong, and how to get him right, London: Random House:

(politics) The political policies of Vladimir Putin; the Russian political system during Putin’s tenure in power.

putinizëm

the political policies of Vladimir Putin


Cumbrian

Sunday, as the Midland timetable sapiently observed, was a dies non in Scotland, yet the N.B.R. [North British Railway], though a Scots company, had a Sunday train; true, it did not work on Scottish soil, as it only ran over the 22 miles of Cumbrian track that connected Carlisle and Silloth.

1953 August, Basil M. Bazley, “Carlisle in 1905”, in Railway Magazine, page 519:

Leaving on another Northern Class 195, I head for a trip along one of the UK's most unappreciated scenic lines - the Cumbrian coast.

2022 November 2, Paul Bigland, “New trains, old trains, and splendid scenery”, in RAIL, number 969, page 56:

Of or pertaining to Cumbria or Cumberland.


Cumbrian

A native or inhabitant of Cumbria or Cumberland.


God Save the King

It is a strange fact, but it is unquestionably true that almost any English intellectual would feel more ashamed of standing to attention during “God save the King” than of stealing from a poor box.

1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn:

The national anthem of the United Kingdom when the current monarch is a king.


2.4 children

From what was once the average (and therefore supposedly typical) number of children per household in the United Kingdom.

Maybe their pastoral family, with their 2.4 children, is at the perfect age and life stage for that church, and yours does not seem to be (or vice versa).

1993, Carl F. George, How to Break Growth Barriers: Capturing Overlooked Opportunities for Church Growth, Baker Books, →ISBN:

In the 1960s and 1970s it was normal to marry and have babies at a young age – girls were routinely leaving school at sixteen, marrying at eighteen and having their 2.4 children before their twenty-third birthday..

2013, Jackie Highe, The Modern Grandparents' Guide, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

The heterosexual, monogamous, married for life couple, exclusively committed to the upbringing of their 2.4 children, was the family unit that adoption was legally designed to replicate.

2015, Kerry O'Halloran, The Politics of Adoption: International Perspectives on Law, Policy and Practice, Springer, →ISBN, page 821:

A stereotypical characteristic of normal family life; frequently used ironically.


Katowice

Any English traveller approaching Katowice will be strongly reminded of Lancashire.

1848, The New Central European Observer, volume 2, page 117:

Trains from Warsaw to Vienna now go by the shorter route from Warsaw to Katowice instead of via Cracow.

1922, United States Department of Commerce, Commerce Reports, volume 3, page 47:

On visiting Katowice in southwest Poland, Jeremy Melvin met up with Archistudio, the architects of a substantial new judicial precinct that is due for completion in 2008.

2006, Valentina Croci, The New Europe, volume 76, page 104:

Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship#English

A city in southern Poland; capital of the Silesian Voivodeship.


Lodz

Łódź Voivodeship
Łódź Voivodeship#English

The capital city of the Łódź Voivodeship, Poland, also spelled Łódź.


Erymanthos

From Ancient Greek Ἐρύμανθος (Erúmanthos).

A river in the southwestern Peloponnese in southwestern Greece, it flows into the Achaia and the Ilia prefectures


Avernus

From Latin Avernus, from Ancient Greek ἄορνος (áornos), ἄϝορνος (áwornos, “birdless”), from ἀ- (a-, “without”) + ὄρνις (órnis, “bird”). The lack of birds was likely due to fatal gases like carbon dioxide seeping from the volcanically active lake.

I perceive the Lake Avernus, an extinguished volcano, whose waves once inspired terror.

1807, [Germaine] de Staël Holstein, translated by D[ennis] Lawler, “[[Book XIII. Vesuvius and the plain of Naples.] Chap[ter] IV.] The extempore effusion of Corinna on the Plain of Naples.”, in Corinna; or, Italy. […], volume III, London: […] Corri, […]; and sold by Colburn, […], and Mackenzie, […], →OCLC, page 234:


kolkhoz

From Russian колхо́з (kolxóz), contraction of коллекти́вное хозя́йство (kollektívnoje xozjájstvo, “collective farm, household”).

And books were demanded of them, books on Russia, on sailors, on aeroplanes, on scientists, on metro-workers, on kolkhoz labourers, on women and schoolchildren and parachute heroes.

2013, Lucy Renner Jones, translating Annemarie Schwarzenbach, Death in Persia, Seagull Books 2013, p. 21

(historical) A farming collective in the former Soviet Union.


Swabian

Swabian (comparative more Swabian, superlative most Swabian)

more Swabian (comparative)
most Swabian (superlative)

Of or related to Swabia, its people, or its dialect of the German language.

sueu

of or pertaining to the Swabian dialect of German


Swabian

An Upper German dialects of High German chiefly spoken in the region of Swabia.


Swabian

The Swabians, for their part, resent their reputation as carpetbaggers and the slights they have been forced to endure, with graffiti reading “Schwaben raus,” or “Swabians out,” a slogan often directed at foreigners, an increasingly common sight.

2013 January 18, Nicholas Kulish, “Swabian Separatists Fling Spätzle to Make Their Point”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


Armenian Apostolic Church

the Armenian Apostolic Church (canonical)


linea

From Latin līnea (“line, thread”), via Spanish línea in reference to the unit of length, from līnum (“flax”). Doublet of line.

The moons Dione and Europa have prominent lineae.

(astronomy, geology) Any long marking, dark or bright, on a planet or moon's surface.

(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of length, equivalent to about 1.9 mm.


Holy See

The episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent see of the Catholic Church. It is also the sovereign entity headed by the Pope which governs the Vatican and represents the Catholic Church in temporal affairs.


en-proper noun

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

From South Georgia Islands + South Sandwich Islands.

compound

South Sandwich Islands
South Sandwich Islands

Two archipelagos comprising an overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the southern Atlantic Ocean. A territory of inhospitable islands, composed of the South Georgia island group, and the South Sandwich Islands chain.

Южна Джорджия и Южни Сандвичеви острови

Južna Džordžija i Južni Sandvičevi ostrovi

Zuid-Georgië en de Zuidelijke Sandwicheilanden

Etelä-Georgia ja Eteläiset Sandwichsaaret

Géorgie du Sud-et-les Îles Sandwich du Sud

Südgeorgien und die Südlichen Sandwichinseln

Nísoi Nótia Georgía kai Nóties Sántouits

Νήσοι Νότια Γεωργία και Νότιες Σάντουιτς

Júžnaja Geórgija i Júžnyje Sándvičevy ostrová

Ю́жная Гео́ргия и Ю́жные Са́ндвичевы острова́


Aetolia

A mountainous region of Greece on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, forming the eastern part of the modern prefecture of Aetolia-Acarnania.


Swiss cheese

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Swiss cheese.wav

(informal) Synonym of Emmentaler, a Swiss cheese with many holes


Wigan

metropolitan borough
metropolitan borough

Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester#English

A town and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England.


Germanize

en-verb

Germanize (third-person singular simple present Germanizes, present participle Germanizing, simple past and past participle Germanized)

Germanizes (present singular third-person)
Germanizing (participle present)
Germanized (participle past)
Germanized (past)

to Germanize a province, a language, or a society

Why should Pennsylvania […] become a Colony of aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us, instead of our Anglifying them, and will never adopt our language or customs, any more than they can acquire our complexion?

1751, Benjamin Franklin, Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind, Peopling of Countries, etc.:

(transitive) To give a German character to (something).

(intransitive) To adopt German customs or culture.


Valerius

"Here you are!" said George, pointing with his cigar. "Cato - Publius Valerius by Virgil out of Lydia. That's what you want. Publius Valerius is Christian enough."
Dartie, on arriving home, had informed Winifred. She had been charmed. It was so 'chic'. And Publius Valerius became the baby's name, though it afterwards transpired that they had got hold of the inferior Cato. In 1890, however, when little Publius was nearly ten, the word 'chic' went out of fashion, and sobriety came in; Winifred began to have doubts. They were confirmed by little Publius himself, who returned from his first term at school complaining that life was a burden to him - they called him Pubby. Winifred - a woman of real decision - promptly changed his school and his name to Val, the Publius being dropped even as an initial.

1920 John Galsworthy, The Forsyte Saga: In Chancery:I: Chapter 2

A male given name from Latin of mostly historical use in English.


kamancheh

(music) A long-necked stringed instrument (a spike fiddle) with a bowl-shaped body, traditionally featuring three silk strings but now more often four metal ones, played with a bow, common among the peoples of the Caucasus, Anatolia and the Near East.


cuarta

From Spanish cuarta (“fourth”). Doublet of quart, quarter, and cuarto, &c.

(historical) A traditional Galician unit of dry measure, a quarter-ferrado equivalent to about 3–4.5 L depending on the substance measured.

(historical) Synonym of palmo, quarter-vara, a traditional Spanish unit of length


Gorbymania

While in Bonn, at the time of Gorbymania, I fell in with part of the Russian entourage.

1992, Claude E Barfield, Mark Perlman, Industry, Services, and Agriculture: The United States Faces a United Europe:

Western readers stricken by Gorbymania and with only limited knowledge of the nuances of the Soviet power structure found such "exposes" shocking.

1994, Yevgenia Albats, Catherine Fitzpatrick, The State Within a State: The KGB and Its Hold on Russia:

(informal) Enthusiasm for Mikhail Gorbachev, USSR head of state from 1985 to 1991, who introduced the liberalizing reforms of glasnost and perestroika.


Araks

From Russian Ара́кс (Aráks) and Armenian Արաքս (Arakʻs). Doublet of Araxes and Yeraskh.

A river in Turkey, Armenia, Iran and Azerbaijan and empties into Kura river.


Asturias

To this day the Asturians say to each other "Have a care. Asturias is Spain. The rest is Araby."

2000, Richard Sterling, Allison Jones, Spain, Lonely Planet; World Food, page 145:

autonomous community
autonomous community

An autonomous community and province of Spain, on the Spanish north coast facing the Cantabrian Sea. The capital city is Oviedo.


Carrick

Anglicised version of Irish carraig, Scottish Gaelic carraig or Cornish karrek, all meaning rock.

census-designated place
census-designated place

A census-designated place in Siskiyou County, California, United States.

A local government district of Cornwall, England, named after the fiord-like Carrick Roads estuary. It was abolished on 31 March 2009.

(describing a siren seen in a group of otherwise decrepit old witches dancing) There was ae winsome wench and waulie / That night enlisted in the core, / Lang after ken'd on Carrick shore; / (For mony a beast to dead she shot, / And perish'd mony a bonie boat, ...)

1791, Robert Burns, “Tam o'Shanter”Edinburgh Magazine:

There was one beautiful and vivacious young woman / That night enlisted in the corps [of dancers] / Long remembered on the shore of Carrick / (For she had caused many large animals to slip down [the cliffs] to their deaths, / And fatally lured many good boats [onto the rocks], ...)

A rocky coastal district now in in South Ayrshire, Scotland and part of the Carrick, Cumnock and Doon Valley Scottish Parliament constituency and the eponymous UK Parliament constituency.

A Scottish earldom bestowed on the heir apparent to the reigning monarchs first of Scotland (since Robert the Bruce in 1292) and later of the United Kingdom.


Combine

From combine, referring to the merger and purchase of various underground railway, tram and bus companies in London, combining them into one organisation. Originally applied to Underground Electric Railways of London Company Ltd, since used for successor organisations.


sent to the Tower

Referring to the Tower of London, a famous prison.

(British, colloquial) imprisoned; punished.


Yorkshireman

Remember the eastern leg of HS2 being lopped back to the East Midlands? To this Yorkshireman, this was a tragedy. It removed the umbilical cord designed to connect and bind together the modern advanced manufacturing corridor of England (West Midlands-East Midlands-the reborn Sheffield-Leeds-Teesside-Tyneside), helping it to be capable of competing internationally through the synergy of skills and skilled people.

2024 February 7, Andrew McNaughton, “HS2: a truncated route cuts off city lifelines”, in RAIL, number 1002, page 47:


Hollander

From Middle English holander, Hollander; equivalent to Holland + -er; compare the German Holländer.


onza

From Spanish onza (“ounce, Spanish ounce”), from Latin ū̆ncia. Doublet of a, one, inch, uncia, onça, oka, ouguiya, and awqiyyah.

doublet

(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of mass, equivalent to about 28.76 g.


Lusatia

From New Latin, from Sorbian łužicy, łuža (“swamp, swampy land”), from Proto-Slavic *luža (“pool, puddle”).

Since the reign of Charlemagne, this country is divided into High and Low Germany... the provinces of Lower Germany towards the north conſiſt of the Low Country of the Rhine, Triers, Cologn, Mentz, Weſtphalia, Heſſe, Brunſwic, Miſnia, Luſatia, High Saxony upon the Elbe, Low Saxony upon the Elbe, Mecklenburg, Lauenburg, Brandenburg, Magdeburg, and Pomerania.

1759, George Sale & al., The Modern Part of an Universal History, Vol.XXIX: History of the German Empire, page 2

A region of Central Europe, in modern Germany, Poland and the Czech Republic.


Olomouc

olomoucký

city in the Czech Republic (used attributively)

A city in the Czech Republic, capital of the Olomouc Region.


tió de Nadal

/tɪˌəʊ dɛ nəˈdɒl/

Borrowed from Catalan tió de Nadal, from tió (“log”) and Nadal (“Christmas”).

Another ritual to do with trees is the tió de Nadal, the Yule log that becomes fertile and “craps” sweets and presents;

1991, Catalònia Culture, Centre Unesco de Catalunya, page 13:

A traditional Catalan Christmas character made by decorating a short log. It is “fed” with gifts each day from December 8th until Christmas, at which time it is sung to and beaten with sticks until it “poops”.

tronca de Nadal

a wooden Christmas character that is beaten until it poops gifts


Belorussia

Transliteration of Russian Белоруссия (Belorussija) (older spelling: Бѣлоруссія (Bělorussija)).


milha

From Portuguese milha (“Portuguese mile”), from Latin mīlia (“Roman mile”), plural of mīlle (“thousand”) from its length of 1000 Roman paces, from Proto-Indo-European *(sm̥-)ǵʰéslo-. Doublet of mile and milla.

(historical) A traditional Portuguese unit of distance, equivalent to about 1481.5, 1851.9, or 2057.6 m depending on the league used.


Ealing

A London borough of Greater London, England.

A town in West London, Greater London, England.

A rural locality in south Canterbury, New Zealand.


Istanbulite

en-adj

Istanbulite (comparative more Istanbulite, superlative most Istanbulite)

more Istanbulite (comparative)
most Istanbulite (superlative)


Istanbulite

(demonym) a person from or living in Istanbul


Hispanophile

A person who admires Spain, Spanish-speaking countries and people, or Spanish culture.


eurozone

Greece, Spain, and other eurozone periphery countries could explode any day, given their high unemployment and deepening strains of austerity. In the US, which is considered the home of quiescent workers, the call for living wages is becoming louder, as seen in the current strikes by fast-food restaurant workers.

2013 September 6, Ha-Joon Chang, “The rich have an addiction to bubbles”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 13, page 19:

Alternative letter-case form of Eurozone


Republic of Armenia

Calque of Armenian Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն (Hayastani Hanrapetutʻyun)

calque

Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն


kobza

Borrowed from Ukrainian ко́бза (kóbza), itself from Proto-Turkic *kopuŕ.
Doublet of komuz and cobza.

(music) A lute-like stringed instrument traditionally made from a single block of wood, with a medium-length neck, originating in Ukrainian folk music.


Alander

A mountain in the south Taconic Mountains in Massachusetts.


Thessalonican

Someone of or from Thessalonica (Thessaloniki)


Tyrrhenian Sea

A part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy, bounded by Corsica and Sardinia (west), Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, and Calabria (east), and Sicily (south).


black cab

So-called because they were originally painted black; nowadays they can be any colour, but are still referred to as black cabs.

Sitting in a black cab as it speeds away into the traffic, I check my bag. There, hiding in the bottom corner, I find a hand and body wash with the Caledonian Sleeper logo on it. I hadn't used it.

2023 February 8, Greg Morse, “Crossing the border... by Sleeper”, in RAIL, number 976, page 45:

(British) A traditional London-style taxi; a hackney carriage.


Hellenic Republic

Calque of Greek Ελληνική Δημοκρατία (Ellinikí Dimokratía)

Ελληνική Δημοκρατία


Madeiran

en-adj

Madeiran (comparative more Madeiran, superlative most Madeiran)

more Madeiran (comparative)
most Madeiran (superlative)


Old Armenian

The oldest attested form of the Armenian language, first written down at the beginning of the 5th century AD and spoken until 12th century; then replaced by Middle Armenian. Served as a literary language until the 18-19th centuries. Partly intelligible to speakers of modern Armenian.


Gascon

From Middle English Gascoyne, from Anglo-Norman gascoign, gascun et al., Middle French gascon, from Latin plural Vascōnēs. Compare Basque. Doublet of Vascon.

I am a Gascoine, and there is no vice wherein I have lesse skill: I hate it somewhat more by complexion, than I accuse it by discourse.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 8, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

Gene Kelly plays D'Artagnan as an irrepressible, tongue-in-cheek Gascon who is knee-deep in gory swordplay.

1948 November 1, “The New Pictures”, in Time:

A native or inhabitant of Gascony, a region of southwest France.


autobahn

en-noun

autobahn (plural autobahns or autobahnen)

On a recent afternoon a work crew and crane were affixing the tall lettering to the side of the team’s new stadium, just off the autobahn in Sinsheim, a few miles from Hoffenheim.

2009 January 22, Nicholas Kulish, “Soccer Titan Raises Profile of Tiny Village”, in New York Times:

The high-speed intercity highways of Germany and Austria.


Magdeburgian

en-adj

Magdeburgian (comparative more Magdeburgian, superlative most Magdeburgian)

more Magdeburgian (comparative)
most Magdeburgian (superlative)

/ˌmaɡdəˈbɜːɡɪ.ən/

/ˌmæɡdəˈbɝɡi.ən/


Magdeburgian

/ˌmaɡdəˈbɜːɡɪ.ən/

/ˌmæɡdəˈbɝɡi.ən/


Picard

From Picardy, region of northern France.

(historical) A high shoe for men, introduced to England from France about 1720.


Multicultural London English

An English sociolect peculiar to modern-day London, being a mixture of Cockney, Jamaican, West African, and Indian accents and dialects.


Finlandization

From Finland + -ization, translating German Finnlandisierung, referring to the political climate in Finland during the cold war in the view of a 1960s and 1970s West-German debate.

Yet the model surfaced again this week, when President Emmanuel Macron of France was asked by a reporter during his shuttle diplomacy in Moscow whether Finlandization was a possibility for Ukraine. He replied, “Yes, it is one of the options on the table.”

2022 February 9, Jason Horowitz, “Finns Don’t Wish ‘Finlandization’ on Ukraine (or Anyone)”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(politics) The process by which a smaller or less powerful sovereign state comes to abide by a more powerful neighbor's foreign policy rules, while retaining its independence.

фінляндызацыя

the influence of a large state on a smaller one


basepath

(pesäpallo) The path between two adjacent bases, such as between the first and the second base.


correfoc

Borrowed from Catalan correfoc (literally “run [through] fire”).

bor

The correfoc (‘fire run’) is a frenzy of pyromania. Groups of horned devils dance through the streets, brandishing tridents that spout fireworks and generally flouting every safety rule in the book.

2013, Time Out Barcelona, 15th edition, Ebury Publishing, →ISBN:

Any of several forms of parade-like celebrations in Catalonia involving pyrotechnics in the middle of a crowd.


Carpathian

Carpathian Shepherd Dog
Carpathian Shepherd Dog#English