Pakistan

/ˌpɑːkɪˈstɑːn/

/ˌpɑːkɪˈstɑːn/

Borrowed from Urdu پاکستان (pākistān, “Land of the Holy”), from پاک (pāk, “pure, holy, immaculate, chaste, undefiled”) and Classical Persian ـستان (-stān,-istān, “-stan”) (with the form -istān being used after consonants). The word was coined by Pakistani politician Chuhdary Rahmat Ali in 1933, who published it in the pamphlet Now or Never as an acronym of the names of the "Muslim homelands" of western India—Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh, and Balochistan.

coinage

Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Islamic Republic of Pakistan#English

A country in South Asia. Official name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Capital: Islamabad.

इस्लामी गणराज्य पाकिस्तान m, इस्लामी गणतंत्र पाकिस्तान m, पाकिस्तान इस्लामी गणराज्य m, पाकिस्तान इस्लामी गणतंत्र m, इस्लामी जम्हूरिया पाकिस्तान m, इस्लामी जम्हूरिया ए पाकिस्तान m)


rupee

Coined by Sher Shah Suri, the Sultan of the Suri Empire 1540–1545 as Hindustani रुपीया / رُوپِییَہ (rūpīya), variant of रुपया / رُوپَیَہ (rūpaya, “rupee”), from Sanskrit रूप्यक (rūpyaka, “silver coin”), from रूप्य (rūpya, “wrought gold or silver; stamped coin; beautiful, well-shaped; impressed, stamped”). Doublet of rufiyaa and rupiah.

der

In fact, the visible appearance of the iron is a symbol; it is not what it ultimately is. To take an analogy we are given a ten-rupee note. He knows it truly who at sight recognizes the piece of paper as a symbol of unity that represents ten separate silver coins.

1937, Rabindranath Tagore, “Lecture II: Supreme Man”, in Man: Lectures Delivered at the Andhra University under the Terms of the Sir Alladi Krishnaswamy Endowment (Andhra University Series; no. 16), Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh: Kitabistan, published 1946, →OCLC, pages 37–38:

In the fifth and sixth [standard] I obtained scholarships of rupees four and ten respectively, an achievement for which I have to thank good luck more than my merit.

1948, Mohandas K[aramchand] Gandhi, “At the High School”, in Mahadev Desai, transl., Gandhi’s Autobiography, or, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, Washington, D.C.: Public Affairs Press, →OCLC; reprinted as An Autobiography; or The Story of My Experiments with Truth, New York, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 2007, →ISBN, page 12:

There are no precise estimates available about the capital requirements of agricultural and rural development in India. But the amount required is in hundreds of thousands of crores of rupees.

1999, Katar Singh, “Financing Rural Development”, in Rural Development: Principles, Policies and Management, 2nd edition, New Delhi: SAGE Publications, published 2005, →ISBN, page 290:

The Seychelles rupee was allowed to depreciate in 2006 after being overvalued for years and fell by 10% in the first 9 months of 2007. Despite these actions, the Seychelles economy has struggled to maintain its gains and in 2008 suffered from food and oil price shocks, a foreign exchange shortage, high inflation, large financing gaps, and the global recession.

2013, “Strategic and Development Profiles”, in Seychelles Business Law Handbook, volumes 1 (Strategic Information and Basic Laws), Washington, D.C.: International Business Publications, →ISBN, page 15:

The common name for the monetary currencies used in modern India, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, the Seychelles, or Sri Lanka.

paisa (1

modern Indian, Nepali, & Pakistani currencies


Pakistani

A person from Pakistan or of Pakistani descent.

pakistanez

a person from Pakistan or of Pakistani descent


Pakistani

en-adj

Pakistani (comparative more Pakistani, superlative most Pakistani)

more Pakistani (comparative)
most Pakistani (superlative)

Of, from, or pertaining to Pakistan, or its people.

pakistanez

of, from, or pertaining to Pakistan, or its people


Pashto

Tariq clenched his teeth and muttered something to himself in Pashto that Laila didn’t catch.

2007, Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns, BLOOMSBURY PUBLISHING (2018), page 131:

The native Indo-Iranian language of the Pashtun people; an official language of Afghanistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.


PSO

(Pakistan) Abbreviation of Pakistan State Oil.


Lollywood

Blend of Lahore + Hollywood, possibly originally formed as Urdu لالیوڈ (lālīvuḍ).

During the 1990s, Lollywood further suffered because of the easily available and more resourceful Indian movies, which were now being watched on the cable networks.

2006, Iftikhar Haider Malik, Culture and Customs of Pakistan, page 181:

(informal) The cinema industry of Pakistan based in Lahore.


panchayat

/pənˈt͡ʃɑjət̪/

Borrowed from Hindi पंचायत (pañcāyat, “panchayat (originally a council of five)”).

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He called a panchayat of the village and asked them if they objected to having a mill go up next to their village.

2004, Khushwant Singh, Burial at Sea, Penguin, published 2014, page 58:

“You're in the panchayat,” she said. “So couldn't you make that official?”

2005, Salman Rushdie, Shalimar the Clown, Vintage, published 2006, page 233:

(South Asia, chiefly India) A village council or local government.


paisa

From Hindi पैसा (paisā) / Urdu پَیسَہ (paisa), from Sauraseni Prakrit *𑀧𑀬𑀁𑀲 (*payaṃsa), presumably from unattested Sanskrit *पदांश (padāṃśa), from पद (pada, “quarter”) + अंश (aṃśa, “part, piece”) in reference its historical value of ¹⁄₄ anna.

A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Indian, Nepali, or Pakistani rupee.


IVC

Indus Valley Civilization
Indus Valley Civilization#English

Initialism of Indus Valley Civilization.


Arabian Sea

A region of the Indian Ocean located between India, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Socotra Passage.


nawab

From Hindi नवाब (navāb)/Urdu نواب (navāb), from Persian نوّاب (navvâb), ultimately from Arabic نُوَّاب (nuwwāb), plural of نَائِب (nāʔib, “naib”).

Colonel Altamont, the Nawaub of Lucknow’s prime favourite, an extraordinary man, who had, it was said, embraced Mahometanism, and undergone a thousand wild and perilous adventures was at present in this country, trying to negotiate with the Begum Clavering, the sale of the Nawaub’s celebrated nose-ring diamond, ‘the light of the Dewan.’

1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, chapter 38, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849–1850, →OCLC:

The nawabs of Bhopal, Ranput, Murshidabad, and Dhaka, along with the nizam of Hyderabad, all affirmed that the sultan has misled Muslims with his “erroneous” call to jihad and insisted that Indian Muslims had a duty to support Great Britain.

2015, Eugene Rogan, The Fall of the Ottomans, Penguin, published 2016, page 71:

(historical) A Muslim official in South Asia acting as a provincial deputy ruler under the Mughal empire; a local governor.


Saidpur

From Bengali সৈয়দপুর (śōiẏdopur), Punjabi ਸੈਦਪੁਰ (saidpur), Hindi सैदपुर (saidpur) and Urdu سیدپور (saidpūr). All are ultimately bilingual compounds of Arabic سَيِّد (sayyid, “master”, specifically referring to the descendants of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad) + Sanskrit पुर (pura, “city”), named in honor of various Sayyids who settled or preached there.


Islamic Republic of Pakistan

the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (canonical)

جُمْهُورِيَّة بَاكِسْتَان الْإِسْلَامِيَّة

パキスタン・イスラム共和国

パキスタン・イスラムきょうわこく


Wadala Sandhuan

A town situated on the Gujranwala-Pasrur road in the Punjab province of Pakistan.


Sindhu

(historical) an ancient kingdom on the Indian subcontinent


Wagah

A border city in Punjab between India and Pakistan.


Line of Control

The line which separates the Indian-administered union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh from Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.


Line of Actual Control

For decades, India and China have been locked in a bitter dispute along a 2,100-mile border known as the Line of Actual Control. Indian defense officials say that Chinese military forces have been increasingly laying claim to territories that have long been under India’s control.[…]
India’s Army said in a statement on Monday that troops from each side had disengaged from the Line of Actual Control, which is patrolled by soldiers from both countries.

2022 December 13, Sameer Yasir, Emily Schmall, “Indian and Chinese Soldiers Again Trade Blows at Disputed Border”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-12-13, Asia Pacific:

However, a major sore point in Indo-Chinese relations remains an ongoing standoff at the countries' de facto border, the Line of Actual Control (LAC), in the Himalayas, which analysts say is indicative of a larger rivalry.

2023 August 23, Wesley Rahn, Murali Krishnan, Yuchen Li, “BRICS: Can China and India overcome differences at summit?”, in Shamil Shams, editor, Deutsche Welle, archived from the original on 2023-08-24, Politics:

The line which separates the Indian-administered union territory of Ladakh from Chinese-administered territory of Aksai Chin.


Rajanpur

Dera Ghazi Khan Division
Dera Ghazi Khan Division

One of the four districts in the Dera Ghazi Khan Division of Punjab in Pakistan.


sarpanch

/ˈsʌɹpʌnt͡ʃ/

Borrowed from Hindi सरपंच (sarpañc), from Hindi सर (sar, “head”) / Urdu سر (sar, “head; chief”) (from Persian سر (sar, “head; chief, leader”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“head; top”)) + Hindi पंच (pañc, “five (number of people in a panchayat council)”) / Urdu پنچ (pañc); from Sanskrit पञ्चन् (pañcan, “five”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pénkʷe (“five”).

Recourse to arbitration is not an uncommon mode of setting a dispute. Generally the number of arbitrators appointed is three, but sometimes five is the number, and occasionally some one individual is made single arbitrator (hasar karna). If more than one arbitrator be appointed, an umpire (or sarpanch) is also usually fixed upon, who gives the ultimate decision if the other two cannot agree.

[1874, “Banda District”, in Edwin T. Atkinson, editor, Statistical, Descriptive and Historical Account of the North-western Provinces of India, volume I (BundelKhand), Allahabad: Printed at the North-western Provinces' Government Press, →OCLC, page 102:

The sarpanches were remunerated by the remission of part of the quota of labour which they were bound to supply.

1884, Government of Punjab, comp., Gazetteer of the Muzaffargarh District, 1883–84, Lahore: Arya Press, →OCLC, page 129:

Every gram panchayat has a sarpanch and an up-sarpanch elected from its members by the gram panchayat in the prescribed manner.

1973, Community Development and Panchayati Raj Digest, Hyderabad: National Institute of Community Development, →OCLC, page 191:

Except for the fact that some sort of political connection seems to be required in order to win a sarpanch election, there does not appear to exist many requirements, for instance in terms of wealth or education. Sarpanches are, in other words, common men and women. Second, the process through which sarpanches come into office is relatively similar across villages, including in "reserved villages." Being elected as sarpanch in contemporary rural India is the outcome of an arduous, intense, and surprisingly competitive process in which various candidates seek the support of complex political coalitions.

2017, Simon Chauchard, “Local Representation in Rural India: A View from the Ground”, in Why Representation Matters: The Meaning of Ethnic Quotas in Rural India, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 65–66:

The elected head of a panchayat (village government) in Bangladesh, India, or Pakistan.


Pollywood

(informal) The Pashto film industry based in Peshawar, Pakistan.


PAS

Pakistan Administrative Service
w:Pakistan Administrative Service

Initialism of Pakistan Administrative Service.


Urtsun dialect

The dialect of the Kalasha-speaking people in the Urtsun valley in Chitral, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.


Next Eleven

(economics) Eleven countries – Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, South Korea, Turkey, and Vietnam – identified in 2005 as having high potential of joining the BRICS countries as some of the world's largest economies in the 21st century.


CPEC

China–Pakistan Economic Corridor
w:China–Pakistan Economic Corridor

Acronym of China–Pakistan Economic Corridor.


Durand Line

After Mortimer Durand, who drew the original version of the line.

The border between Afghanistan and Pakistan (originally with British India), as originally demarcated in 1893 and revised in 1919; never accepted by Afghanistan as the international border.


Pukistani

Closer at home, while the world was shocked to
learn about Moraji Desai drinking his own urine,
pukistanis following suit declared him as an
icon of Pukistan in appreciation of his
discovery and giving them an opportunity for
a new selection in their drinking habits.

1998 August 2, Momin, “Kuldip Nayar's remark draws sharp RS response”, in soc.culture.indian (Usenet):

Sore losers pukistanis are going home to their terrorist producing shithole
called pukistan.

2004 July 30, squarecut, “Sore losers pukistanis are going home to their terrorist producing shithole”, in rec.sport.cricket (Usenet):

run along troll, you don't have enough brain cells to even formulate an
answer against someone who obviously surpasses your entire familly's^([sic])
level of intelligence by light years you fucking stone worshipping^([sic]) shit
stained maggot pukistani

2006 July 3, let_us_KILL_all_mo-ham-MAD_cultists, “Terrorists have a right. A right to die like dogs.”, in talk.politics.misc (Usenet):

(slang, ethnic slur, derogatory, offensive) A Pakistani.


Pukistani

en-adj

Pukistani (comparative more Pukistani, superlative most Pukistani)

more Pukistani (comparative)
most Pukistani (superlative)

Mukherjee also alleged that they were trained in homosexual camps in
Pukistan and Afagsanustan and accused the Pukistani army of
video-taping the homosexual activities.

2000 June 20, Momin, “Mujahideen deny build-up in Kashmir”, in soc.culture.pakistan (Usenet):

you mean the future liqior store where you will mop the floors and sell
slurpees for under the minimum wage while you wait to get your visa you
pukistani maggot?

2005 December 27, Sirknight67, “Salute to all Apostates online”, in soc.culture.iranian (Usenet):

So should I EMULATE your GREAT native pukistani culture and start TRAINING
TERRORISTS to sneak into pukistan and kill your fellow nationals ?

2006 March 30, Sanjay, “Sachin 1997-1998 v/s Ponting 2005-2006”, in rec.sport.cricket (Usenet):

(slang, ethnic slur, derogatory, offensive) Pakistani.


Rooh Afza

Borrowed from Hindustani رُوح اَفْزا / रूह अफ़ज़ा (Rūh Afzā, literally “Soul Refresher”).

“Extending Rooh Afza consumption beyond the summer months, the drink is being promoted as an additive to increase at-home sales,” says Arshad Siddiqui, chief marketing officer. ¶ The company, which was established as a small Unani clinic in 1906 in old Delhi, developed Rooh Afza a year later.

2010 June 28, Sachin Kumar, “Across South Asia, this sweet drink is synonymous with summertime refreshment”, in Hindustan Times, archived from the original on 2018-01-05:

The Indian subcontinent has been drinking Rooh Afza for over a century.[…]Many South Asian desserts are flavoured with Rooh Afza, including kheer (a milky rice pudding) and falooda, which takes on a rose-coloured tint when its vermicelli and basil seeds are soaked overnight in Rooh Afza.

2018 June 4, Aina Khan, “How I Learned to Love Rooh Afza, the Pungent Rose Syrup of My Childhood”, in Vice, archived from the original on 2023-11-03:

Hakim Abdul Majeed named this drink Rooh Afza – the soul refresher.[…]That in the decades to come, Rooh Afza would travel far beyond the lanes of Old Delhi to 37 countries.[…]That moment in Times Square was a bold announcement: Hamdard had global aspirations for Rooh Afza.

2022 April 25, Sanam Maher, “In Pakistan, Rooh Afza scents memories and refreshes souls”, in Al Jazeera, archived from the original on 2022-04-25:

(trademark) A brand of concentrated syrup generally diluted with water or milk to create a widely popular squash in South Asia of the same name; produced by the pharmaceutical companies Hamdard India, Hamdard Pakistan, and Hamdard Laboratories (Waqf) Bangladesh.