cork

en-noun

cork (countable and uncountable, plural corks)

From Middle English cork (“oak bark, cork”), from Middle Dutch curc (“cork (material or object)”), either from Spanish corcho (“cork (material or object)”) (also corcha or corche) or from Old Spanish alcorque (“cork sole”). Doublet of cortex.

liège

(botany) tissue that grows from the cork cambium

kurken (adjective, corresponding to attributive use in English)

I confess my confidence was shaken by these actions, though I knew well enough that his leg was no more cork than my own

1908, Edwin George Pinkham, Fate's a fiddler, page 108:

Because cork is porous, it expands and contracts with changes in humidity.

1980, Robert M. Jones, editor, Walls and Ceilings, Time-Life Books, →ISBN, page 48:

(botany, uncountable) The dead protective tissue between the bark and cambium in woody plants, with suberin deposits making it impervious to gasses and water.

The phellem of the cork oak, used for making bottle stoppers, flotation devices, and insulation material.

Snobs feel it's hard to call it wine with a straight face when the cork is made of plastic.

A bottle stopper made from this or any other material.


cork

en-verb

cork (third-person singular simple present corks, present participle corking, simple past and past participle corked)

corks (present singular third-person)
corking (participle present)
corked (participle past)
corked (past)

2014, Paul Salopek, Blessed. Cursed. Claimed., National Geographic (December 2014)https://web.archive.org/web/20150212214621/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2014/12/pilgrim-roads/salopek-text
Arms draped on shoulders, kick-stepping in circles, they swing bottles of wine. Purpled thumbs cork the bottles. The wine leaps and jumps behind green glass.

(transitive) To seal or stop up, especially with a cork stopper.

proppe

to seal with a stopper, especially with cork

He corked his bat, which was discovered when it broke, causing a controversy.

Apparently I used to have some good power even though I was little, but the team we were playing against thought I had corked the bat. I kid you not! They paid $200 to have the bat popped off to prove they were right.

2012, Kevin Neary, Leigh A. Tobin, Major League Dads:

(transitive, baseball) To tamper with (a bat) by drilling out part of the head and filling the cavity with cork or similar light, compressible material.


glass

en-noun

glass (countable and uncountable, plural glasses)

glasses (plural)
glasse (alternative obsolete)

→ Gulf Arabic: قلاص (gḷāṣ)

→ Fiji Hindi: gilaas

→ Japanese: グラス (gurasu)

→ Kikuyu: ngirathi

→ Malay: gelas, ݢلس

From Middle English glas, from Old English glæs, from Proto-West Germanic *glas, from Proto-Germanic *glasą, possibly related to Proto-Germanic *glōaną (“to shine”) (compare glow), and ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰleh₁- (“to shine, shimmer, glow”).
Cognate with West Frisian glês, Dutch glas, Low German Glas, German Glas, Swedish glas, Icelandic gler.

pleksi

sport: barrier made of solid, transparent material

people that live in glass houses should not throw stones

people that live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones

people who live in glass houses should not throw stones

people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones

those who live in glass houses should not throw stones

those who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones

He caught the rebound off the glass.

(sports) A barrier made of solid, transparent material.

He fired the outlet pass off the glass.

(ice hockey) The clear, protective screen surrounding a hockey rink.


papyrus

papyrus (usually uncountable, plural papyri or papyruses)

papyri (plural)
papyruses (plural)
papyr (alternative)

From Middle English papirus, borrowed from Latin papȳrus, from Ancient Greek πάπυρος (pápuros), of unknown origin. Doublet of papyros.

(usually uncountable) A material similar to paper made from the papyrus plant.


reed

reed (countable and uncountable, plural reeds)

From Middle English red, reed, from Old English hrēod, from Proto-West Germanic *hreud, of uncertain origin.
Akin to Saterland Frisian Rait (“reed”), West Frisian reid (“reed”), Dutch riet (“reed”), German Ried (“reed”). No cognates in North Germanic languages, but the existence of an otherwise unattested Gothic *𐌷𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌳 (*hriud) was supposed by the brothers Grimm. They also theorised that the word may have a relation to the retas mentioned in Noctes Atticae (Aulus Gellius). The measuring reed sense is the translation of Akkadian qanûm ("cane") used in the Bible and elsewhere.


foam

foam (countable and uncountable, plural foams)

From Middle English fom, foom, from Old English fām, from Proto-West Germanic *faim, from Proto-Germanic *faimaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)poHy-m-os, from *(s)poH(y)- (“foam”). Cognate with German Feim (“foam”), Latin spūma (“foam”), Latin pūmex (“pumice”), Sanskrit फेन (phéna, “foam”), possibly Northern Kurdish fê (“epilepsy”).

skuim

substance composed of a large collection of bubbles or their solidified remains

A foam mat can soften a hard seat.

A material formed by trapping pockets of gas in a liquid or solid.


cardboard

cardboard (countable and uncountable, plural cardboards)

A wood-based material resembling heavy paper, used in the manufacture of boxes, cartons and signs.


cardboard

The worst of the thing, however, is that the enormity, such as it is, happens to be of a very cardboard and tinsel character.

1868, Arthur William A'Beckett, “Painted Ships and Painted Oceans”, in The Tomahawk, page 114:

The thing really looked quite cardboard.

1973, Journal of Black Poetry, number 17, page 27:

While Lensky’s character is quite cardboard, Onegin’s manipulations and lack of ability to call off the duel because he fears society’s jibes, Lensky’s youth and naivety, and Tatiana’s reaction to the duel lend the event its gravity.

2008, Katya Hokanson, Writing at Russia's Border, page 122:

MUMMER 3 pulls out an inflated cushion with a very cardboard crown on it.

Twentieth-Century Scottish Drama, page 501

Made of or resembling cardboard; (figurative) flat or flavorless.


material

material (countable and uncountable, plural materials)

From Middle English material, from Late Latin māteriālis, from Latin māteria (“wood, material, substance”), from māter (“mother”). Displaced native Middle English andweorc, andwork (“material, matter”) (from Old English andweorc (“matter, substance, material”)). Doublet of materiel.

aineisto

related data of various kinds collected as the basis for a document or book

The solid materials of the mixture will settle to the bottom of the container.

The material of his character was basically good.

[…] I beleeve that as they ſay of the materialls of the world, they would ſoone diſolve if the ſoule of it were taken away […]

1642, Daniel Rogers […], Naaman the Syrian, his Disease and Cvre, London: Th. Harper for Philip Nevil, unnumbered page:

As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels.

2013 July-August, Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz, “Stents to Prevent Stroke”, in American Scientist:

The elements, constituents or substance of which something physical or non-physical composed of or can be made of.

aine

substance of which something composed of or can be made of


withe

From Middle English withe, withthe, from Old English wiþe, wiþþe (“cord, band, thong, fetter”), from Proto-Germanic *wiþiz, *wiþjǭ (“cord, rope”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéh₁itis (“that which twines”), from *weyt- (“that which winds or bends, branch, switch”), from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, wind, bend”). Cognate with Danish vidje (“wicker”), Swedish vidja (“withe, wicker, osier”), Icelandic við, viðja (“a withe”), Latin vītis (“vine”), Russian ветвь (vetvʹ, “branch, bough, limb”). Doublet of vice (“a type of tool, etc.”). The brickwork and chimney architecture senses may have a different etymology, see wythe.

doublet

Perhaps indifferent to their social Rejection, he sets to work separating his Tree into Poles, Sticks, and Withes, and placing them wherever in the Structures of Dam or Lodge he feels they need to go.

A flexible, slender shoot or twig, especially when used as a band or for binding; a withy.

They deemed it little scathe indeed / That her coarse homespun ragged weed / Fell off from her round arms and lithe / Laid on the door-post, that a withe / Of willows was her only belt; / And each as he gazed at her felt / As some gift had been given him.

1870, William Morris, “December: The Fostering of Aslaug”, in The Earthly Paradise: A Poem, part IV, London: F[rederick] S[tartridge] Ellis, […], →OCLC, page 57:

Some short topgallant masts are rigged with a withe on the after part of the mast-head, through which a sliding-gunter royal-mast is run up, with its heel resting in a step on the topmast cap.

1841, Richard Henry Dana, The Seaman's Friend:

(nautical) An iron attachment on one end of a mast or boom, with a ring, through which another mast or boom is rigged out and secured.


withe

en-verb

withe (third-person singular simple present withes, present participle withing, simple past and past participle withed)

withes (present singular third-person)
withing (participle present)
withed (participle past)
withed (past)

As soon as the body of Deerslayer was withed in bark sufficiently to create a lively sense of helplessness, he was literally carried to a young tree, and bound against it, in a way that effectually prevented it from moving,

1862, James Fenimore Cooper, The Deerslayer, page 341:

These frames are usually constructed of rough trees tightly withed and wedged together.

1888, Virgil Chittenden Hart, Western China: a journey to the great Buddhist centre of Mount Omei, page 132:

The strips are first laid on the back and two sides of the shanty, and are kept smooth and in proper position by poles laid across them and withed down to the frame.

1890, Edward Augustus Samuels, With fly-rod and camera, page 184:

If it were withed by the aborigine it would have formed an effective and dangerous weapon, either in the chase of the large beasts with which he was contemporary or in war against his human enemies.

1913, Newton Horace Winchell with Minnesota Historical Society, The weathering of aboriginal stone artifacts, no. 1, page 121:

Question. Did you hear of the circumstances of William Davis having been whipped on the 5th day of December, the day before the cutting took place? Answer Yes, sir; I did that evening, when he came home. Q. Did you examine where he had been withed? A. Yes, sir.

1888 June 30, Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia., “State v. Davis.”, in The Southeastern reporter, volume 7:

"He'll trim you up for tossing Suse that note," said Am Bayne to his own companion. / "Ye-es, and you'll get a withing, too," declared the other.

1901, Oren Frederic Morton, Winning or losing?: a story of the West Virginia Hills:

After I was on they commenced withing my horse to make him go faster, but I reined him up; ... They then commenced withing me around the shoulders, saying it would have a better effect than to whip the horse.

1913, Richard Nye Price, Holston Methodism, volume 4, page 494:


glue

glue (third-person singular simple present glues, present participle gluing or (uncommon) glueing, simple past and past participle glued)

glues (present singular third-person)
gluing (participle present)
glueing (participle present uncommon)
glued (participle past)
glued (past)

From Middle English glew, glue, from Old French glu (“glue, birdlime”), from Late Latin glūs (stem glūt-), from Latin glūten. Related to clay.
Partially displaced native Old English līm (“glue”) and ġelīman (“to glue”) (whence modern lime).

His eyes were glued to the screen.

So as I lay on the ground with my ear glued close against the wall, who should march round the church but John Trenchard, Esquire, not treading delicately like King Agag, or spying, but just come on a voyage of discovery for himself.

[1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:

Keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that what you will observe is a vast wasteland.

1961 May 9, Newton N. Minow, Television and the Public Interest:

If, like me, you have been confined to your home, glued to the news and nursing ever greater anxiety about the state of the world, you have probably become familiar with the sight of the World Health Organization’s director general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, and his daily press briefings.

2020 April 10, Stephen Buranyi, “The WHO v coronavirus: why it can't handle the pandemic”, in The Guardian:

(transitive, figuratively) To cause something to adhere closely to; to cause to follow attentively.


polyethylene

en-noun

polyethylene (countable and uncountable, plural polyethylenes)

The most abundant chemical in the plastics is polyethylene, which is used for single-use packaging, plastic bags and containers such as bottles.

2023 June 5, Yvonne Gordon, “Microplastics found in every sample of water taken during Ocean Race”, in The Guardian:

(organic chemistry) A polymer consisting of many ethylene monomers bonded together; used for kitchenware, containers etc.


lacquer

lacquer (countable and uncountable, plural lacquers)

lacquers (plural)
lacker (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from French lacque (“a sort of sealing wax”), from Portuguese laca, lacca (“gum lac”), from Persian لاک (lâk), from Hindi लाख (lākh), from Sanskrit लाक्षा (lākṣā). Doublet of lac.

bor+

Had he deemed it "wisest, best," Mr. O'Donagough was not without the means of furnishing a splendid mansion in very showy style, and yet not leaving a single morsel of lacker, or or-molu, unpaid for.

1840, Frances Trollope, “Practical Information Carefully Obtained, and Promptly Acted upon— […]”, in The Widow Married; […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 2:

It is a solvent for nitrocellulose and vinyl chloride-acetate resins and may function as an antiblush agent in lacquers.

1954, Arthur K. Doolittle, The technology of solvents and plasticizers:

Cellosolves are used as solvents for lacquers, for sealing cellophane wrapping, and in hydraulic-brake fluid.

1960, Francis E. Condon, Herbert Meislich, Introduction to Organic Chemistry, page 274:

In place of traditional methods in which materials such as gesso, yellow ocher, powdered earth, liquid glue, and Japan tallow were used to obtain a gloss, and transparent lacquer was rubbed into the wood to protect it, materials such as artificially produced varoids and lacquer came into widespread use.

1992, Tadashi Inumaru, Mitsukuni Yoshida, The Traditional Crafts of Japan: Wood and bamboo:

A glossy, resinous material used as a surface coating; either a natural exudation of certain trees, or a solution of nitrocellulose in alcohol, etc.


miniver

en-noun

miniver (countable and uncountable, plural minivers)

minivers (plural)
meniver (alternative)
menyvere (alternative)

From Old French menu vair (“squirrel, squirrel fur”), from menu (“small”) + vair (“a type of fur”).

uder

Thenne came forth a lykely knyghte and wel apparaylled in scarlet furred with myneuer / And anone as he sawe syr launcelot / he demed that he shold be oute of his wytte / And thenne he said with fayre speche good man leye doune that swerd / for as me semeth / thow haddest more nede of slepe and of warme clothes / than to welde that swerd / As for that said syr Launcelot come not to nyȝ for and thow doo wete thou wel I will slee the

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “j”, in Le Morte Darthur, book XII:

A light gray or white fur used to trim the robes of judges or state executives, also used in medieval times.


liquid crystal

en-noun

liquid crystal (countable and uncountable, plural liquid crystals)

(chemistry, physics) A phase of matter similar to a liquid, in which the molecules are arranged regularly in one or two dimensions.


enamel

enamel (countable and uncountable, plural enamels)

From Middle English enamel, from Anglo-Norman enamailler, from en- (“in-”) + amailler (“to enamel”), variant of Old French esmailler (“to enamel”), from esmal (“enamel”), from Early Medieval Latin smaltum, from Frankish *smalt, from Proto-Germanic *smeltaną (“to melt, smelt”).

der

An opaque, glassy coating baked onto metal or ceramic objects.

արծնապակի

A coating that dries to a hard, glossy finish.


enamel

en-verb

enamel (third-person singular simple present enamels, present participle (US) enameling or (UK) enamelling, simple past and past participle (US) enameled or (UK) enamelled)

enamels (present singular third-person)
enameling (US participle present)
enamelling (UK participle present)
enameled (US participle past)
enameled (US past)
enamelled (UK participle past)
enamelled (UK past)

From Middle English enamelen, from the noun (see above).

Their plumed helmes are wrought with beaten golde,
Their ſwords enameld, and about their neckes
Hangs maſſie chaines of golde downe to the waſte,
In euery part exceding braue and rich.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

(transitive) To coat or decorate with enamel.

Oft he [the serpent] bowed / His turret crest and sleek enamelled neck.

1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

(transitive) To variegate with colours, as if with enamel.

to enamel card paper; to enamel leather or cloth

(transitive) To form a glossy surface like enamel upon.

(transitive) To disguise with cosmetics, as a woman's complexion.


packing

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-packing.wav

From Middle English pakkynge; equivalent to pack (“verb and noun senses”) + -ing.

A kind of fine Norwegian hay, used as packing in the finnesko to keep the feet warm and to make the fur boot fit firmly.

1913, Captain R. F. Scott, Scott's Last Expedition Volume I:

Material used to fill in the space around something, especially to make a piston etc. watertight or airtight.

Among the inner packings in use are expanded polystyrene (popcorn), plastic-encapsulated air (air bubbles), various types of paper products, foam-in-place, molded polystyrene, and corrugated partitions (egg crating).

2013, Eugene L. Magad, Total Materials Management, →ISBN, page 375:

Material used to wrap a product for sale etc.; packaging.

Packing in a packed bed, or a column such as a distillation column or a chromatography column

Special material used to fill containers or vessels for certain chemically related applications.


napa

en-noun

napa (countable and uncountable, plural napas)

From Napa, California, where the process of making napa leather was created.


moderator

moderators (plural)
moderatour (alternative)

/ˈmɒdəˌɹeɪtə(ɹ)/

Learned borrowing from Latin moderātor. First attested as Middle English moderatour.

(nuclear physics) A substance (often water or graphite) used to decrease the speed of fast neutrons in a nuclear reactor and hence increase likelihood of fission.


radiation shielding

physical barriers designed to provide protection from the effects of ionizing radiation, including radioactive material


calcine

en-verb

calcine (third-person singular simple present calcines, present participle calcining, simple past and past participle calcined)

calcines (present singular third-person)
calcining (participle present)
calcined (participle past)
calcined (past)
calcine (infinitive)
calcine (first-person present singular)
calcined (first-person past singular)
calcine (present second-person singular)
calcinest (archaic present second-person singular)
calcined (past second-person singular)
calcinedst (archaic past second-person singular)
calcines (present singular third-person)
calcineth (archaic present singular third-person)
calcined (past singular third-person)
calcine (plural present)
calcined (past plural)
calcine (present subjunctive)
calcined (past subjunctive)
calcine (imperative present)
calcining (participle present)
calcined (participle past)

The verb is derived from Late Middle English calcinen (“(alchemy, medicine) to heat (something) until it turns to powder; to change the nature of (something) by heating”) [and other forms], from Old French calciner (modern French calciner (“to calcinate; to calcine”)) and from its etymon Medieval Latin calcināre (“(alchemy) to burn like lime; to reduce to calx”), from Late Latin calcīna (“inorganic material containing calcium, lime”) + -āre (suffix forming present active infinitive forms of verbs). Calcīna is derived from Latin calcis, the genitive singular of calx (“chalk; limestone”), possibly from Ancient Greek χᾰ́λῐξ (khắlĭx, “small stone, pebble; gravel, rubble”); further etymology unknown, possibly Pre-Greek.
The noun is derived from the verb.

nb...

calcene, calcenen, calciene, calcyne, calsinen

der

(alchemy, historical) To heat (a substance) to remove its impurities and refine it.

Fire […] burneth and calcineth ſtone, vvhereof is made that morter vvhich bindeth all vvork in maſonry.

1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXXVI.] The Wonderfull Operations of Fire: The Medicinable Properties that It Hath: And the Prodigious Significations Observed thereby.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 599:

I ſent you of his fæces there, calcin'd. / Out of that calx, I'ha'vvonne the ſalt of Mercurie.

1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: […] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, […], published 1612, →OCLC, Act II, scene iii:

(physical chemistry) To heat (a substance) without melting in order to drive off water, etc., and to oxidize or reduce it; specifically, to decompose (carbonates) into oxides, and, especially, to heat (limestone) to form quicklime.

bişirmək

to heat (a substance) without melting in order to drive off water, etc., and to oxidize or reduce it

[A]s his death calcined thee to duſt, / His life may make thee gold, and much more juſt.

[1633], George Herbert, “Easter”, in [Nicholas Ferrar], editor, The Temple. Sacred Poems, and Private Ejaculations, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Thomas Buck and Roger Daniel; and are to be sold by Francis Green, […], →OCLC, page 33:

I vvould gladly knovv hovv Moſes vvith an actuall fire calcin'd or burnt the Golden Calfe unto povvder, for that myſticall metall of Gold, vvhoſe ſolary and celeſtiall nature I admire, expoſed unto the violence of fire, grovveth onely hot and liquifies, but conſumeth not: […]

1642, Tho[mas] Browne, “The First Part”, in Religio Medici. […], 4th edition, London: […] E. Cotes for Andrew Crook […], published 1656, →OCLC, section 50, page 108:

Fiery diſputes, that Union have calcin'd, / Almoſt as many minds as men vve find, / And vvhen that flame finds combuſtible Earth, / VVhence Fatuus fires and Meteors take their birth, / Legions of Sects, and Inſects come in throngs; / To name them all, vvould tire a hundred tongues.

1668, John Denham, “The Progress of Learning”, in Poems and Translations, with The Sophy, London: […] [John Macock] for H[enry] Herringman […], →OCLC, page 181:

It nothing skills: I cannot help my case: / The Judgment's fire alone can cure this place, / Calcine its clods and set my prisoners free.

1855, Robert Browning, “‘Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came.’”, in Men and Women […], volume I, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, stanza 11, page 139:

[…] He fain had calcined all Northumbria / To one black ash, but that thy patriot passion / Siding with our great Council against Tostig, / Out-passion'd his!

1877, Alfred Tennyson, Harold: A Drama, London: Henry S. King & Co., →OCLC, Act III, scene i, page 74:

To burn up (something) completely; to incinerate; hence, to destroy (something).

This Cryſtal is a pellucid fiſſile Stone, clear as Water or Cryſtal of the Rock, and without Colour; enduring a red Heat without loſing its tranſparency, and in a very ſtrong Heat calcining without Fuſion.

a. 1728 (date written), Isaac Newton, “[The Third Book of Opticks.] [Qu[estion] 25. Are there not other original Properties of the Rays of Light, besides those already described?]”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections and Colours of Light. […], 4th edition, London: […] William Innys […], published 1730, →OCLC, page 329:

(intransitive, physical chemistry) Of a substance: to undergo heating so as to oxidize it.

калцинирам се

of a substance: to undergo heating so as to oxidize it


calcine

Something calcined; also, material left over after burning or roasting.


caulking

en-noun

caulking (usually uncountable, plural caulkings)

Oakum was used for the caulking of the hulls of wooden ships.

Marina's bedroom was a small charming room with small charming windows of aged glass, dating to the mid-1800s, windowpanes badly in need of caulking, overlooking St. Agnes Roman Catholic Church with its heraldic spire floating on the night sky, and its ancient bumpy churchyard.

2001, Middle Age: A Romance, Joyce Carol Oates (Fourth Estate, paperback edition, 17)

It might just be the caulking. This whole tub needs to be re-caulked. Did you take a bath or shower in the last couple of hours?

2016, Kenneth Lonergan, Manchester by the Sea, spoken by Lee Chandler (Casey Affleck):

A sealing material used to seal joints between heterogeneous materials in many kinds of construction and manufacture.


antichlor

antichlor (countable and uncountable, plural antichlors)

(chemistry) Any substance used to remove excess chlorine or hypochlorite from textiles etc after bleaching; typically sodium thiosulfate.


single crystal

A material formed from by the growth of a crystal nucleus without secondary nucleation or impingement on other crystals; a regular three-dimensional structure extends throughout the material


space blanket

A blanket made of a plastic material covered with a reflective metal agent; designed to reduce heat loss from a person's body following trauma, or used on the exterior of a spacecraft for thermal control.


space cloth

Any woven material, used for the screening and sieving of solids, having a specified space between strands.


waxen

en-adj

waxen (comparative more waxen, superlative most waxen)

more waxen (comparative)
most waxen (superlative)

From Middle English waxen, from Old English weaxen, ġeweaxen, from Proto-Germanic *wahsanaz, past participle of Proto-Germanic *wahsijaną (“to wax, grow, increase”), equivalent to wax + -en (past participle ending).


waxen

From Middle English waxen (“made of wax”), from Old English weaxen (“waxen, made of wax”), equivalent to wax + -en (“made of”).

inh

a waxen tablet

She is fair; and so is Julia that I love—
That I did love, for now my love is thaw’d;
Which, like a waxen image, ’gainst a fire,
Bears no impression of the thing it was.

c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

The traveller hears me now and then,
And sometimes harshly will he speak:
‘This fellow would make weakness weak,
And melt the waxen hearts of men.’

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto XXI”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 35:

Easily molded, influenced, or bent; yielding, impressible.

(rare) Easily effaced, as if written in wax.


Orlon

From orl- (perhaps after Orleans) + -on (compare nylon, rayon, developed by the same company).

1971: This garish, deep orlon-carpeted lobby of the Desert Inn seemed an inappropriate place to be haggling about nickel/dime bribes for the parking lot attendant. — Hunter S. Thompson. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (Harper Perennial 2005, p. 44)

a synthetic fibre used in yarn and knitwear


true density

(sciences) The density of the particles that make up a powder or particulate solid, in contrast to bulk density, which measures the average density of a large volume of the powder in a specific medium (usually air).


steel wool

en-noun

steel wool (countable and uncountable, plural steel wools)

steel wools (plural)
steel-wool (alternative)
steelwool (alternative)

Don’t use the steel wool on this pan; you’ll strip off the Teflon coating.

Fine strips or threads of steel, usually formed into pads or balls and used as an abrasive.


sennit

sennit (countable and uncountable, plural sennits)

sennits (plural)
sennet (alternative)
sinnet (alternative)
sinnate (alternative)

Perhaps from French coussinet, diminutive of coussin (“cushion”) because it is used to protect cables from fraying

braided cord or fabric of such small stuff as plaited rope yarns


guipure

guipure (countable and uncountable, plural guipures)

Borrowed from French guipure, from guiper (“to cover with silk”).

Mantillas are larger than last year, and are generally all worn with a deep flouncing, either of the same material, or of black lace; the mantilla itself is also much trimmed with small ruchings of ribbon, guip and guipure lace, laid on quite flat.

1855, “Mantillas and Shawls”, in Graham's American Monthly Magazine of Literature, Art, and Fashion, volume XLVI, number 4, Philadelphia, Pa.: Abraham H. See, 106 Chestnut Street, →OCLC, page 578:

it happened actually to be a gray toque of draped velvet, trimmed with antique guipure, and a tall ostrich plume dyed the same shade of violet as her dress. […]

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 611:

A kind of bobbin lace that connects the motifs with bars or plaits rather than net or mesh.


feedstock

feedstock (countable and uncountable, plural feedstocks)

Bio-materials may be substituted for petrochemical feedstocks as petroleum prices rise.

The filtered extract of the mash is the feedstock for the fermenter.

In 2006, about 6 percent of the world's crude oil production was used in non-energy applications, primarily as a petrochemical feedstock.

2009, M.S.Vassiliou, Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry, page 5:

Any bulk raw material constituting the principal input for an industrial process.


strass

strass (countable and uncountable, plural strasses)

Borrowed from French strass, after its inventor, the 18th-century Alsatian jeweler Georg Friedrich Strass.

A rhinestone, brilliant glass used in the manufacture of artificial paste gemstones, consisting essentially of a complex borosilicate of lead and potassium.


cosolvent

(chemistry) A second solvent added in small quantities to enhance the solvent power of the primary solvent.


anti-bumping granule

anti-bumping granule (plural anti-bumping granules)

(physical chemistry) A small, coarse stone added to boiling liquids to make them boil more evenly, without sudden, violent releases of vapour; used especially in vacuum distillation


modeling clay

modeling clay (countable and uncountable, plural modeling clays)

modeling clays (plural)
modelling clay (alternative)

A malleable substance used in building models and sculpting.


blockboard

blockboard (countable and uncountable, plural blockboards)

Compartment and corridor partitions are of blockboard, with appropriate decorative veneers to suit the varied interior decoration.

1951 May, “British Railways Standard Coaches”, in Railway Magazine, pages 327-328:

A compound wood board consisting of nearly square strips of softwood placed side by side and sandwiched between veneer panels, often of hardwood.

Tischlerplatte

composite wood board with a softwood block core and hardwood face veneer


filoselle

filoselle (countable and uncountable, plural filoselles)


schmelze

A kind of ruby-red glass made in Bohemia.


soutache

Borrowed from French soutache, from Hungarian sujtás (“ribbon, braid”).

A narrow braid often decorated with a herringbone pattern


leathercloth

leathercloth (countable and uncountable, plural leathercloths)

A kind of artificial leather; an oilcloth.


sarsenet

sarsenet (countable and uncountable, plural sarsenets)

sarsenets (plural)
sarsnet (alternative)
sarcenet (alternative)
sarconet (alternative)

From Anglo-Norman sarzinett, from Old French sarrasinet, diminutive of sarrazin (“Saracen”).

No, vvhy art thou then exaſperate, thou idle, / immaterial ſkeine of ſleiue ſilke; thou greene ſacenet flap for a ſore eye, thou toſſell of a prodigalls purſe— […]

c. 1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Famous Historie of Troylus and Cresseid. […] (First Quarto), London: […] G[eorge] Eld for R[ichard] Bonian and H[enry] Walley, […], published 1609, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], signature K, recto:

[H]ave not these structures some common basis from which they have all started, as your sarsnet, gauze, net, satin and velvet from the raw cocoon?

1871–1872, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XV, in Middlemarch […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book II:

A very fine and soft silk ribbon woven in a plain weave with a fine warp and higher density weft, now chiefly used for linings.


ivorine

en-adj

ivorine (comparative more ivorine, superlative most ivorine)

more ivorine (comparative)
most ivorine (superlative)

From Old French ivorin, ivoirin, from ivoire (“ivory”); later also from ivory + -ine.


dyneme

en-noun

dyneme (countable and uncountable, plural dynemes)

(countable) One of the simple basic movements that make up more complex human and animal movements.


Utrecht velvet

Utrecht velvet (countable and uncountable, plural Utrecht velvets)

A thick mohair or cotton plush used for upholstering.


bone lace

bone lace (countable and uncountable, plural bone laces)

Traditionally woven with bobbins of bone.


wire wool

wire wool (countable and uncountable, plural wire wools)

Meronym: wire

Any of several wools made of metal wire; especially, steel wool (when not otherwise specified).


seric

From Latin sēricus, from Ancient Greek σηρῐκός (sērĭkós), from σήρ (sḗr, “silkworm”) + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic”), possibly ultimately from the Old Chinese word for silk. Doublet of silk and serge.


archeomaterial

archeomaterials (plural)
archaeomaterial (alternative)

(archaeology) Any material from an earlier civilization, found during archeological studies.


fritware

fritware (countable and uncountable, plural fritwares)

Akin to European soft-paste porcelain, this material, known as fritware or stone-paste, is described in the fourtheenth-century treatise of Ahu'l Qasim as consisting of ten parts ground quartz, one part ground glass and one part fine white clay.

1997, Ian Freestone, David R. M. Gaimster, POTTERY IN THE MAKING PB, page 114:

A combination of clay and frit used to create fritware.


time crystal

Coined by American physicist Frank Wilczek in 2012. An extension of the concept of a crystal to encompass time.

(quantum mechanics) A crystal that has a structure that repeats not only in space, but also in time.


carbolite

Borrowed from Russian карболи́т (karbolít), from карбо́ловая кислота́ (karbólovaja kislotá, “carbolic acid”).

Bakelite is made from a basic concentrate, whereas they have made a material called “carbolite” from acid concentrates.

1930, James Gerald Crowther, Science in Soviet Russia, page 67:

The present invention relates to a process for the colouring and protection against atmospheric influences of various plastic, infusible and insoluble condensation products of phenols and aldehydes, obtained by pressing and moulding, or of these condensation products with various inorganic filling substances, such as for example bakelite, carbolite, resite or the like.

1932, Georgi Petroff, US Patent 1,865,586:

phenol formaldehyde resin
phenol formaldehyde resin

A phenol formaldehyde resin analogous to Bakelite used in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union


smithy coal

smithy coal (countable and uncountable, plural smithy coals)

A kind of small coal much used by smiths.


nanograss

nanograss (countable and uncountable, plural nanograsses)

A synthetic surface material composed of very small fibres of silicon.


analysate

(analytical chemistry) Material that has been, or is about to be analysed


plarn

Collect plastic bags and sort and store them by color until needed, then make plarn from the sorted pile.

2013, Leslie B. Preddy, School Library Makerspaces: Grades 6–12, page 50:

The loops are then tied together, forming a long, double string of plarn.

2018, Jenny Baker, Use It, Wear It, page 13:

Plastic yarn made from strips of plastic bags.


alcantara

Probably derived from Italian Alcantara (“river in Italy”) or possibly Spanish Alcántara, both from Arabic اَلْقَنْطَرَة (al-qanṭara, “the bridge”). The reason for the derivation is unknown.

der

اَلْقَنْطَرَة

The interior is trimmed in soft merino leather, in either off-white and brown or off-white and black, with hand-woven off-white piping and an alcantara synthetic suede head liner in off-white.

2017 July 24, “Limited edition celebrates 40 years of 7 Series”, in IOL:

A suede-like synthetic textile, composed of polyester and polyurethane.


salt dough

en-noun

salt dough (countable and uncountable, plural salt doughs)

A modelling material made from a mixture of flour, salt, and water.


waxcloth

waxcloth (countable and uncountable, plural waxcloths)


carbon dioxide snow

(inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, medicine) A solid form of carbon dioxide used in cryotherapy and also as a refrigerant.


bomb material

Material that is good for making nuclear bombs: e.g., certain isotopes of uranium, neptunium, and plutonium.


antichlorine

antichlorine (countable and uncountable, plural antichlorines)

Synonym of antichlor (“substance used to remove chlorine”).


polymeric sand

(construction) A mixture of fine-grained sand and binding additives, used to fill the space between pavers.


nuclear poison

Something that absorbs neutrons very well, hence sabotaging a nuclear chain reaction


lunarcrete

Blend of lunar + concrete, equivalent to lunar + -crete.

Researcher Larry Beyer of the University of Pittsburgh says a lunarcrete project would begin with the shipment of two molds and a work crew from Earth. First, the workers would bolt together an inner mold. It would be pressure tight and would serve as their temporary quarters. Then they'd erect an outer mold with a six-foot gap from the inner mold.

1990, David Gump, Space Enterprise: Beyond NASA, New York, N.Y., Westport, C.T., London: Praeger, →ISBN, page 190:

Lunarcrete or mooncrete could be made from lunar regolith, water and cement with the cement manufactured from lunar rock with a high calcium content.

2016, Louisa Preston, Goldilocks and the Water Bears: The Search for Life in the Universe, London: Bloomsbury Sigma, →ISBN, page 265:

One method is to combine regolith with a bonding agent to create lunar concrete (aka. "lunarcrete"), which can be printed out to build structures. In terms of benefits, lunarcrete requires less energy to produce than other building materials, is unaffected by extreme variations in temperature, absorbs harmful radiation, and is unaffected by prolonged exposure to vacuum.

2021 December 13, Matthew S. Williams, “The Logistics of Going "Interplanetary": What Does It Take to Live on the Moon?”, in Interesting Engineering, archived from the original on 2023-03-10:

This paper provides a fundamental basis for future research on confinement and strengthening for future coarse aggregate-free concretes, such as lunarcrete and 3D-printed concrete.

2023 February 15, Cheng Jiang, “Strength enhancement due to FRP confinement for coarse aggregate-free concrete”, in Engineering Structures, volume 277, New York, N.Y.: Elsevier, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC:

A hypothetical concrete-like material, made from lunar matter, that could be used to build a colony on the Moon.


mooncrete

Blend of moon + concrete, equivalent to moon + -crete.

He gestured at the mooncrete. "Great stuff, huh? And another case of the Builders showing off. They not only make us a moon; they make us one that will remain forever new."

1988, David F Nighbert, Timelapse, Headline, →ISBN, page 159:

The driver slowed down to a crawl; the vehicle's inflated wheels bumped slightly as they moved onto a mooncrete ramp, then the bus began rolling downward toward a pair of double doors.

2007, Allen Steele, Spindrift, London: Orbit, →ISBN, page 20:

The design emphasized the use of extra-terrestrial materials preferably from the Moon. "Mooncrete" – or lunar concrete – should be produced by processing lunar rocks in a factory.

2017 March, Werner Grandl, “Human life in the Solar System”, in REACH, Amsterdam: Elsevier, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 10:

An otherworldly project is underway. A researcher at the University of Miami is currently making "mooncrete," a material he hopes to perfect for building a habitable base on the moon.

2019 July 25, Tate Jacaruso, “Thanks To A Miami Researcher We Might Actually Be Building A Habitable Base On The Moon Soon”, in Narcity, archived from the original on 2021-06-14:

Synonym of lunarcrete (“a hypothetical concrete-like material, made from lunar matter, that could be used to build a colony on the Moon”).


papyroxylin

From papyro- (“papyrus, paper”) + xylo- (“wood, wood pulp”) + -in (“forming substances made from living things”), after the model of earlier pyroxylin.

af

Gun-paper, or papyroxyline, is paper which has been immersed for a few seconds in a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids, and then washed in an abundance of water.

1894, Selimo R. Bottone, Electrical Instrument Making for Amateurs, 6th edition, page 26: