column

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-column.wav

From Middle English columne, columpne, columpe, borrowed from Old French columne, from Latin columna (“a column, pillar, post”), originally a collateral form of columen, contraction culmen (“a pillar, top, crown, summit”). Akin to Latin collis (“a hill”), celsus (“high”), probably to Ancient Greek κολοφών (kolophṓn, “top, summit”).

cog

a little from column A and a little from column B

(architecture) A solid upright structure designed usually to support a larger structure above it, such as a roof or horizontal beam, but sometimes for decoration.


beak

en-noun

beak (countable and uncountable, plural beaks)

beaks (plural)
beck (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English bec, borrowed from Anglo-Norman bec, Old French bec, from Latin beccus, from Gaulish *bekkos, from Proto-Celtic *bekkos (“beak, snout”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bak-, *baḱ- (“pointed stick, peg”). Cognate with Breton beg (“beak”). Compare Saterland Frisian Bäk (“mouth; muzzle; beak”); Dutch bek (“beak; bill; neb”).

cog

(architecture) A continuous slight projection ending in an arris or narrow fillet; that part of a drip from which the water is thrown off.


diaper

en-noun

diaper (countable and uncountable, plural diapers)

From Middle English dyaper, from Old French dyapre, diaspre, from Medieval Latin diaspra, diasprum from Byzantine Greek δίασπρος (díaspros, adjective), from δια- (dia-, “across”) + ἄσπρος (áspros, “white”).

der

(architecture, decorative arts) A repeating pattern in gilding or low relief, used as surface decoration for a flat surface and consisting of one or more simple figures or units of design evenly spaced.


dock

A dock (sense 1, sense 2) for cruise ships
A laptop docking (sense 5) station
A GUI dock (sense 6) on Linux
From Early Modern English meaning "area of mud in which a ship can rest at low tide, dock", borrowed from either Dutch dok (“dock, wharf”) or Middle Low German docke (“dock, wharf”), both from Middle Dutch docke (“port, harbour”), of uncertain origin. The original sense may have been "the furrow a grounded vessel makes in a mud bank". Compare Danish dok, Dutch dok, West Frisian dok, German Dock, Low German Dock, Swedish docka.
Some sources link this word to an unattested Middle Dutch *docke (“watercourse, trench, canal”), which is a ghost word, only being inferred from Mediaeval Latin documents in the form of ducta, doctus, doccia (“conduit, canal”). However, if this theory is correct, then it would relate the word to Italian doccia (“drainpipe”), making dock a doublet of douche and duct.
An alternative theory ties Middle Dutch docke to a North Germanic or Scandinavian source, notably Old Norse dǫkk, dökð (“depression in the landscape, pit, pool, trench”); compare Icelandic dökk, Norwegian dokk (“hollow, low ground”), Swedish dank (“marshy ground”). If so, this would make dock a doublet of dank.

multiple image

A dock (sense 􂀽1, sense 􂀽2) for cruise ships

ThinkPad Mini Dock Series 3, Type 4337-9664.jpg

noncog

(electronics) A device designed as a base for holding a connected portable appliance for providing the necessary electrical charge for its autonomy, or as a hardware extension for additional capabilities.

telakka

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(graphical user interface) A toolbar that provides the user with a way of launching applications by their icons, and switching between running applications.

任務欄 /任务栏

toolbar for launching and switching between applications


dock

en-verb

dock (third-person singular simple present docks, present participle docking, simple past and past participle docked)

docks (present singular third-person)
docking (participle present)
docked (participle past)
docked (past)

(transitive, graphical user interface) To drag a user interface element (such as a toolbar) to a position on screen where it snaps into place.


foil

(architecture) A small arc in the tracery of a window, etc.


pocket

→ Japanese: ポケット

→ Welsh: poced

From Middle English pocket (“bag, sack”), from Anglo-Norman poket, Old Northern French poquet, poquete, diminutive of poque, poke (“bag, sack”) (compare modern Norman pouquette and modern French pochette from Old French pochete, from puche), from Frankish *pokō (“pouch”), from Proto-Germanic *pukkô, *pukô (“bag; pouch”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, swell”). Equivalent to poke + -et. Doublet of pochette. Cognate with Middle Dutch poke, Alemannic German Pfoch (“purse, bag”), Old English pocca, pohha (“poke, pouch, pocket, bag”), Old Norse poki (“bag, pocket”). Compare the related poke (“sack or bag”). See also Modern French pochette and Latin bucca.

der

is that a gun in your pocket or are you just pleased to see me

(architecture) A hole or space covered by a movable piece of board, as in a floor, boxing, partitions, etc.


spur

From Middle English spure, spore, from Old English spora, spura, from Proto-West Germanic *spurō, from Proto-Germanic *spurô, from Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick”).

(architecture) The short wooden buttress of a post.

(architecture) A projection from the round base of a column, occupying the angle of a square plinth upon which the base rests, or bringing the bottom bed of the base to a nearly square form. It is generally carved in leafage.

Eckblatt

architecture: projection from the round base of a column


lath

Alternative form of lat (“staff; monumental pillar”).


cruck

Perhaps from a dialectal variant of crutch or crook.

1952: To construct such a house, it is necessary to select an oak with a branch growing out at an angle of about 45°; the upper part of the tree, above the fork, having been cut off, the trunk and branch are roughly squared and divided in half . If the two halves are then placed opposite one another, with the branch ends pegged together, they constitute what was usually known as a 'cruck' or, more correctly, 'a pair of crucks'. — L.F. Salzman, Building in England, p. 195.

Historic England explained the listing: "The station's unique design employs a high level of sophistication and innovation through its use of conoid shells supported on a cruck-like frame, which not only create a dramatic aesthetic form, but endow the building with a light and spacious interior."

2023 March 22, Philip Haigh, “Five configuration stages to boost Manchester rail capacity”, in RAIL, number 979, page 31:

(architecture) A sturdy timber with a curve or angle used for primary framing of a timber house, usually used in pairs.


banderole

banderoles (plural)
bandrol (alternative)
bannerall (alternative)
bannerol (alternative)
bannerole (alternative)

(architecture) A flat band with an inscription, common in Renaissance buildings.


pylon

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek πυλών (pulṓn, “gateway”).

стълб

a towerlike structure used to support high-voltage electricity cables

(architecture) A tall steel or concrete tower from which cables are strung.


principal

en-noun

principal (countable and uncountable, plural principals)

principals (plural)
principall (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English principal, from Old French principal, from Latin prīncipālis.

Principal (education)
Principal value
principal

(architecture, engineering) The construction that gives shape and strength to a roof, generally a truss of timber or iron; or, loosely, the most important member of a piece of framing.

kurkihirsi

architecture: construction that gives shape and strength to a roof


return

return (countable and uncountable, plural returns)

returns (plural)
returne (alternative obsolete)
retvrn (alternative Internet)

From Middle English returnen, retornen, from Anglo-Norman returner, from Old French retourner, retorner, from Medieval Latin retornare (“to turn back”), from re- + tornare (“to turn”). Compare beturn.

der

A facade of sixty feet east and west has a return of twenty feet north and south.

(architecture) The continuation in a different direction, most often at a right angle, of a building, face of a building, or any member, such as a moulding; applied to the shorter in contradistinction to the longer.


architecture

en-noun

architecture (countable and uncountable, plural architectures)

/ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛk.tʃə/

/ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛk.t͡ʃɚ/

Borrowed from French architecture, from Latin architectūra. Originally from architect, from Ancient Greek ἀρχιτέκτων (arkhitéktōn, “architect”, literally “arch builder, ext. chief builder, principal craftsman”).

der

The architecture throughout NYC is amazing.

April 21, 2017, Max Roscoe, How Your City Is Killing You With Uglinesshttps://web.archive.org/web/20201112015531/https://www.returnofkings.com/118275/how-your-city-is-killing-you-with-ugliness
Architecture is the visual public expression of a culture’s achievements, values, and outlook.# The profession of an architect.

The art and science of designing and managing the construction of buildings and other structures, particularly if they are well proportioned and decorated.

argitektuur

art and science of designing buildings and other structures


rampant

en-adj

rampant (comparative more rampant, superlative most rampant)

more rampant (comparative)
most rampant (superlative)
rampaunt (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English rampand, rampend, present participle of rampen (“to rise by climbing, shoot up, sprout, sty, ascend”), from Old French ramper (“to creep, climb”) (see below), equivalent to ramp + -and or ramp + -ant. Recorded since 1382, "standing on the hind legs" (as in heraldry), later, "fierce, ravenous" (1387). Compare Scots rampand (“rampant”).
Alternatively from Middle English *rampant, from Old French rampant, the present participle of ramper (“to creep, climb”), equivalent to ramp + -ant. Old French ramper derives from Frankish *rampōn, *hrampōn (“to hook, grapple, climb”), from *rampa, *hrampa (“hook, claw, talon”), from Proto-Germanic *hrempaną (“to curve, shrivel, shrink, wrinkle”).

der

(architecture) Tilted, said of an arch with one side higher than the other, or a vault whose two abutments are located on an inclined plane.


balloon

→ Assamese: বেলুন (belun)

→ Bengali: বেলুন (belun)

→ Japanese: バルーン (barūn)

→ Maori: parūnu

→ Welsh: balŵn

→ Zulu: ibhaloni

1570, "a game played with a large, inflated leather ball" (possibly via Middle French ballon) from Italian pallone (“large ball”) from palla (“ball”), from Lombardic *palla. The Northern Italian form, balla (“ball-shaped bundle”), today a doublet, likely derived from Old French balle, from Frankish *balla (“ball”), and may have influenced the spelling of this word. Both Germanic words are from Proto-Germanic *ballô (“ball”), *balluz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰoln- (“bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, swell, inflate”). Akin to Old High German ballo, bal (“ball”), (German Ballen (“bale”); Ball "ball"). Doublet of ballon. More at ball.

the balloon of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London

(architecture) A ball or globe on the top of a pillar, church, etc.

pallo

architecture: ball or globe on the top of a pillar etc.


canopy

→ French: canopée (calque)

→ Spanish: canopy

From Middle English canapy, canepie, canapee, canape, canope, from Old French conopé, Medieval Latin canapeum, canopeum, from Latin cōnōpēum (“mosquito net, canopy”), from Ancient Greek κωνωπεῖον (kōnōpeîon, “mosquito net”), from Ancient Greek κώνωψ (kṓnōps, “mosquito”), of uncertain origin. More at Ancient Greek κώνωψ (kṓnōps). Doublet of canapé and conopeum.

golden canopies and beds of state

1847, John Dryden, The Works of John Dryden in Verse and Prose, volume 1, Harper, The Beginning of the Second Book of Lucretius:

Platforms would be widened and covered by canopies with heated waiting areas for passengers.

2019 October, “Consultation on University Station designs”, in Modern Railways, page 17:

A high cover providing shelter, such as a cloth supported above an object, particularly over a bed.

Any overhanging or projecting roof structure, typically over entrances or doors.

навес

In an airplane, the transparent cockpit cover.

In a parachute, the cloth that fills with air and thus limits the falling speed.


invert

(architecture) An inverted arch (as in a sewer).


apse

From Latin apsis, hapsis, from Ancient Greek ἁψίς (hapsís, “arch, vault”), from ἅπτω (háptō, “I bind, join”).

The draughtsman could not have held the sheet with the apse at the tip, for then, instead of shading away from the edge, most of his hatched lines would begin in the uncharted middle ground of a shadeable area, to strike against the contour; […]

1960, Leo Steinberg, San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontane: A Study in Multiple Form and Architectural Symbolism:

(architecture) A semicircular projection from a building, especially the rounded east end of a church that contains the altar.


atrium

From Latin ātrium (“entry hall”), from Etruscan.

(architecture) A central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.

(architecture) A square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels.


camber

From Old French cambre (“bent”), from Latin camurum, from camur (“arched”).

(architecture) An upward concavity in the underside of a beam, girder, or lintel; also, a slight upward concavity in a straight arch.


cove

From Middle English cove, from Old English cofa (“chamber; den”), from Proto-West Germanic *kobō, from Proto-Germanic *kubô. Cognate with German Koben, Swedish kova. This word has probably survived as long as it has due to its coincidental phonetic resemblance to the unrelated word English cave. Also unrelated to Spanish cueva, which itself is a cognate of cave.

(architecture) A concave vault or archway, especially the arch of a ceiling.


cove

en-verb

cove (third-person singular simple present coves, present participle coving, simple past and past participle coved)

coves (present singular third-person)
coving (participle present)
coved (participle past)
coved (past)

The mosques and other buildings of the Arabians are rounded into domes and coved roofs.

1779, Henry Swinburne, Travels through Spain:

(architecture) To arch over; to build in a hollow concave form; to make in the form of a cove.


cusp

From Latin cuspis (“a point, spear, pointed end”); first used in astrology. Doublet of cuspid and cuspis.

bor

(architecture) A point made by the intersection of two curved lines or curved structures, a common motif in Gothic architecture.


joggle

From jog (noun) + -le (diminutive ending).

(architecture) A notch or tooth in the joining surface of any piece of building material to prevent slipping.


joggle

en-verb

joggle (third-person singular simple present joggles, present participle joggling, simple past and past participle joggled)

joggles (present singular third-person)
joggling (participle present)
joggled (participle past)
joggled (past)

The struts of a roof are joggled into the truss posts.

1842, Joseph Gwilt, Encyclopaedia of Architecture:

(architecture, transitive) To join by means of joggles, so as to prevent sliding apart; sometimes, loosely, to dowel.


lavabo

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-lavabo.wav

From the Christian ritual, which was traditionally accompanied in Catholicism by a recitation of Psalm 25:6 (Psalm 26:6, in the Hebrew and in most modern translations) which in Latin begins with the word lavābō (“I will wash”). The sense of "room with a toilet" developed under the influence of lavatory and lav.

(architecture) A trough used for washing at some medieval monasteries.


louver

louvers (plural)
loover (alternative archaic)
louvre (alternative UK mainly)
lover (alternative obsolete)
lovour (alternative obsolete)
luffer (alternative)

Inherited from Middle English lover, from Old French lovier, lover (“skylight”), from Medieval Latin *lōdārium (attested as lōvārium), extension of lōdium, of unclear origin, but probably of Germanic origin and related to Frankish *laubijā (“shelter”).

But darknesse dred and daily night did hover / Through all the inner parts, wherein they dwelt; / Ne lightned was with window, nor with lover, / But with continuall candle-light […].

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

A type of turret on the roof of certain medieval buildings designed to allow ventilation or the admission of light.


nave

Ultimately from Latin nāvem, singular accusative of nāvis, possibly via a Romance source. Doublet of nef and nau.

Then everybody once more knelt, and soon the blessing was pronounced. The choir and the clergy trooped out slowly, […], down the nave to the western door. […] At a seemingly immense distance the surpliced group stopped to say the last prayer.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter V, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

(architecture) The middle or body of a church, extending from the transepts to the principal entrances.

(architecture) The ground-level middle cavity of a barn.


newel

From Anglo-Norman nuel, Middle French nuel, of uncertain origin.

(architecture) A central pillar around which a staircase spirals.

We went along the hall to the end and up a flight of stairs with a carved handrail and newel post.

1943, Raymond Chandler, The High Window, Penguin, published 2005, page 238:

(architecture) A sturdy pillar at the top or bottom of a flight of stairs, supporting the handrail.


sima

From the Ancient Greek σιμός (simós, “bent upwards”).

der

(architecture) The upturned edge of a roof which acts as a gutter; a cyma.


talus

(architecture) The slope of an embankment wall, which is thicker at the bottom than at the top.


withe

From Middle English withe, withthe, from Old English wiþe, wiþþe (“cord, band, thong, fetter”), from Proto-Germanic *wiþiz, *wiþjǭ (“cord, rope”), from Proto-Indo-European *wéh₁itis (“that which twines”), from *weyt- (“that which winds or bends, branch, switch”), from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, wind, bend”). Cognate with Danish vidje (“wicker”), Swedish vidja (“withe, wicker, osier”), Icelandic við, viðja (“a withe”), Latin vītis (“vine”), Russian ветвь (vetvʹ, “branch, bough, limb”). Doublet of vice (“a type of tool, etc.”). The brickwork and chimney architecture senses may have a different etymology, see wythe.

doublet

... chimney space, and the joints of any two adjoining sets of flue linings shall be offset at least 7 inches. When there are more than two flues in a chimney, each third flue shall be separated from the others by a withe or division[…]

1920, National Board of Fire Underwriters. Committee on Construction of Buildings, An ordinance for construction of chimneys suitable for use in cities and towns of any size or as a state law, page 5:

... flue intended for a heating furnace or boiler connection, or for a fireplace, shall be separated from other flues by such a withe. In hollow tile chimneys the withe may be of tile.

1922, Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning Guide, page 40:

... flues should be separated by a 4-inch-wide brick spacer (withe) between them (fig. 170, A). The greater the difference in temperature between chimney gases and outside atmosphere, the better the draft.

2002, L. O. Anderson, Wood - Frame House Construction, The Minerva Group, Inc., →ISBN, page 182:

(architecture) Alternative spelling of wythe (“partition between flues in a chimney”).


oblique arch

(architecture) An arch whose span is not at right angles to the face.


cavalier

First appears c. 1562 in a translation by Peter Whitehorne. Borrowed from Middle French cavalier (“horseman”), itself borrowed from Old Italian cavaliere (“mounted soldier, knight”), borrowed from Old Occitan cavalier, from Late Latin caballārius (“horseman”), from Latin caballus (“horse”), probably from Gaulish caballos 'nag', variant of cabillos (compare Welsh ceffyl, Breton kefel, Irish capall), akin to German (Swabish) Kōb 'nag' and Old Church Slavonic кобꙑла (kobyla) 'mare'. Previous English forms include cavalero and cavaliero. Doublet of caballero and chevalier.

der

(architecture) A defensive work rising from a bastion, etc., and overlooking the surrounding area.


champ

Borrowed from French champ m (“field”). Doublet of campus and camp.

(architecture, obsolete or rare) The field or ground on which carving appears in relief.


chimera

chimeras (plural)
chimaera (alternative archaic)
chimæra (alternative archaic)
chimere (alternative obsolete)
chymera (alternative obsolete)
chemera (alternative obsolete)
chymæra (alternative obsolete)

monolith

antonym(s) of “anything composed of very disparate parts”

Variant of Middle English chimere, chymere, & chymera under renewed Latin influence from the 16th century, from French chimère, from Latin Chimaera, from Ancient Greek Χίμαιρα (Khímaira, “fire-breathing mythological monster, fire-spewing Lycian or Cilician mountain”), from χίμαιρα (khímaira, “she-goat”, from χίμαρος (khímaros, “male goat”) + -α (-a)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey-. In reference to the fish, directly from Latin Chimaera, used by Linnaeus. In reference to organisms with distinct areas of different genetic makeups, a calque of German Chimäre, used by Hans Winkler in 1907.

af

A chimera is essentially a hybrid animal made up of various animal parts. The famous parapet chimeras on the north tower of Notre Dame in Paris, especially the brooding double-horned fellow with protruding tongue on the west parapet originally assumed to relate to a thirteenth-century model, are classic examples.

2016, Thomas A. Fudgé, “Gargoyles and Glimpses of Forgotten Worlds”, in Medieval Religion and Its Anxieties: History and Mystery in the Other Middle Ages (The New Middle Ages), New York, N.Y.: Palgrave Macmillan, →DOI, →ISBN, page 91:

(architecture) A grotesque like a gargoyle, but without a spout for rainwater.


drift

en-noun

drift (countable and uncountable, plural drifts)

From Middle English drift, dryft (“act of driving, drove, shower of rain or snow, impulse”), from Old English *drift (“drift”), from Proto-Germanic *driftiz (“drift”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”). Equivalent to drive + -t; cognate with North Frisian drift (“drift”), Saterland Frisian Drift (“current, flow, stream, drift”), Dutch drift (“drift, passion, urge”), German Drift (“drift”) and Trift (“drove, pasture”), Danish drift (“impulse, instinct”), Swedish drift (“impulse, instinct”), Icelandic drift (“drift, snow-drift”).

cog

(architecture) The horizontal thrust or pressure of an arch or vault upon the abutments.


elevation

en-noun

elevation (countable and uncountable, plural elevations)

/ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃən/

From Old French elevation, from Latin elevatio, equal to elevate + -ion.

(architecture) A geometrical projection of a building, or other object, on a plane perpendicular to the horizon; orthographic projection on a vertical plane; called by the ancients the orthography.


foundation

foundation (countable and uncountable, plural foundations)

From Middle English foundacioun, fundacioun, from Old French fondacion, from Latin fundātiō (“founding, foundation”).

The foundations of this construction have been laid out.

“Marge Gets A Job” opens with the foundation of the Simpson house tilting perilously to one side, making the family homestead look like the suburban equivalent of the Leaning Tower Of Pisa.

2012 May 20, Nathan Rabin, “TV: Review: THE SIMPSONS (CLASSIC): “Marge Gets A Job” (season 4, episode 7; originally aired 11/05/1992)”, in The Onion AV Club:

(architecture) The lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.


fret

en-verb

fret (third-person singular simple present frets, present participle fretting, simple past and past participle fretted)

frets (present singular third-person)
fretting (participle present)
fretted (participle past)
fretted (past)

From Middle English frēten (“to decorate”), from Old French freté, freter, fretter (“to fret (decorate with an interlacing pattern)”), from Old French fret (from fraindre (“to break”), from Latin frangō (“to break, shatter”), from Proto-Italic *frangō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”)) + Old French -er (suffix forming verbs) (from Latin -āre, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃enh₂- (“to burden, charge”)).

der

In a long purple pall, whose ſkirt with gold, / Was fretted all about, ſhe was arayd, [...]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 37, page 317:

(transitive) To decorate or ornament, especially with an interlaced or interwoven pattern, or (architecture) with carving or relief (raised) work.


frieze

From French and Middle French frise f, derived from an Upper Italian fris f, Medieval Latin frisum, frisium, frigium, frixum, frigium, of controversial origin, possibly from multiple sources, Arabic إِفْرِيز (ʔifrīz, “king beam, cornice”) and Latin opus Phrygium (“a kind of embroidery”, literally “work of Phrygia”), the demonym Frisian and terms related to the textile term above in a transferred sense.

work of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">Phrygia</i>

(architecture) That part of the entablature of an order which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, either uniform or broken by triglyphs, and often enriched with figures and other ornaments of sculpture.

frizë

architecture: space between architrave and cornice


frieze

en-verb

frieze (third-person singular simple present friezes, present participle friezing, simple past and past participle friezed)

friezes (present singular third-person)
friezing (participle present)
friezed (participle past)
friezed (past)

(transitive, architecture) To put a frieze on.


gather

gather (third-person singular simple present gathers, present participle gathering, simple past and past participle gathered)

gathers (present singular third-person)
gathering (participle present)
gathered (participle past)
gathered (past)
gether (alternative obsolete regional)

From Middle English gaderen, from Old English gaderian (“to gather, assemble”), from Proto-West Germanic *gadurōn (“to bring together, unite, gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ- (“to unite, assemble, keep”).

der

(architecture) To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as for example where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue.

assemble

(to bring together): aggroup, togetherize; see also Thesaurus:round up; —to congregate


couple

couples (plural)
copel (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English couple, from Old French couple, from Latin cōpula. Doublet of copula.


folly

en-noun

folly (countable and uncountable, plural follies)

Derived from Old French folie (“madness”), from the adjective fol (“mad, insane”).

der+

A luncheonette in the shape of a coffee cup is particularly conspicuous, as is intended of an architectural duck or folly.

“The Villa Straylight,” said a jeweled thing on the pedestal, in a voice like music, “is a body grown in upon itself, a Gothic folly. […]”

1984, William Gibson, chapter 14, in Neuromancer (Sprawl; book 1), New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN, page 172:

It has been a long time since new follies were springing up across the great estates of Britain. But the owners of Doddington Hall, in Lincolnshire, have brought the folly into the 21st century, by building a 30ft pyramid in the grounds of the Elizabethan manor.

2014 September 7, “Doddington's garden pyramid is a folly good show”, in The Daily Telegraph, London:

A great deal of eccentricity was expressed through the trend for ruin follies. But it wasn’t only the madness of paranoid earls and fashionable landowners that was encoded in them.

2018 April 18, Paul Cooper, “Europe Was Once Obsessed With Fake Dilapidated Buildings”, in The Atlantic:

(architecture) A fanciful building built for purely ornamental reasons.


ledge

From Middle English legge; usually considered to be from Middle English leggen, a variant of leyen (“to put, lay (down, waste to)”).

(architecture) A (door or window) lintel.


meander

meanders (plural)
mæander (alternative archaic)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-meander.wav

From Latin Maeander, from Ancient Greek Μαίανδρος (Maíandros) – a river in Asia Minor (present day Turkey) known for its winding course (modern Turkish Menderes).

(architecture) A decorative border consisting of a repeated linear motif, particularly of intersecting perpendicular lines.


motive

From Middle English motif, from Anglo-Norman motif, Middle French motif, and their source, Late Latin motivum (“motive, moving cause”), neuter of motivus.

der

If you listen carefully, you can hear the flutes mimicking the cello motive.

(architecture, fine arts, music) Alternative form of motif.


rosette

Etymology tree
Proto-Iranian *wardahder.?
Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon)bor.?
Latin rosalbor.
Old French rose
Latin -ittus
Old French -ete
Old French rosete
Middle French rosettebor.
Middle French rosette
French rosetteinflu.
English rosette
Borrowed from Middle French rosette (in sense 15) and (modern) French rosette.

розетка

architecture: element or ornament resembling a rose

розетка

imitation of a rose made of ribbon or other material

(architecture) An element or ornament resembling a rose, especially on a wall or other surface, mostly for decorative purposes.

(architecture, now uncommon) A rose window.


setback

Setbacks were initially used for structural reasons, but now are often mandated by land use codes.

(architecture) A step-like recession in a wall.


shell

From Middle English schelle, from Old English sċiell, from Proto-West Germanic *skallju, from Proto-Germanic *skaljō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cleave”).
Compare West Frisian skyl (“peel, rind”), Dutch schil (“peel, skin, rink”), Low German Schell (“shell, scale”), Irish scelec (“pebble”), Old Church Slavonic сколика (skolika, “shell”). More at shale.
Doublet of sheal.
* (computing): From being viewed as an outer layer of interface between the user and the operating-system internals.

cog

(architecture) Any slight hollow structure; a framework, or exterior structure, regarded as not complete or filled in, as the shell of a house.

buc

any hollow structure; framework, or exterior structure


span

From Middle English spanne, from Old English spann, from Proto-Germanic *spannō (“span, handbreadth”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend- (“to stretch”).
Cognate with Dutch span, spanne, German Spanne. The sense “pair of horses” is probably from Old English ġespan, ġespann (“a joining; a fastening together; clasp; yoke”), from Proto-West Germanic [Term?]. Cognate with Dutch gespan, German Gespann.

der

The force of the explosion demolished one pair of piers and two spans of the bridge crashed down into the river on top of the barges.

1961 January, “Talking of Trains: The Severn Bridge disaster”, in Trains Illustrated, page 5:

(architecture, construction) The spread or extent of an arch or between its abutments, or of a beam, girder, truss, roof, bridge, or the like, between supports.

(architecture, construction) The length of a cable, wire, rope, chain between two consecutive supports.


spandrel

spandrels (plural)
spandril (alternative)

From a diminutive in -el of Anglo-Norman spaundre, of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old French espandre (“to expand, extend, spread”). More at spawn, expand.
In the field of biology first used by Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin.

2002, Kerstin Lang, Seismic Vulnerability of Existing Buildings, vdf Hochschulverlag AG, page 25,
Due to the fact that the walls are joined by floors and spandrels, a coupling effect is produced. Depending on the extent of the spandrels, this coupling effect will be bigger or smaller.

(architecture) Horizontal member between the windows of successive storeys of a tall building.

(architecture) The triangular space under a stair; the material that fills the space.

(Philippines, construction, architecture) soffit (usually used to describe metal or corrugated plastic types of roof soffit)


stack

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-stack.wav

From Middle English stack, stacke, stakke, stak, from Old Norse stakkr (“a barn; haystack; heap; pile”), from Proto-Germanic *stakkaz (“a barn; rick; haystack”).
The data structure sense is a calque of Dutch stapel, introduced by Edsger W. Dijkstra. Cognate with Icelandic stakkur (“stack”), Swedish stack (“stack”), Danish stak (“stack”), Norwegian stakk (“stack”). Related to stake and sauna.

A TCP/IP stack is a library or set of libraries or of OS drivers that take care of networking.

(networking) An implementation of a protocol suite (set of protocols forming a layered architecture).

A number of flues embodied in one structure, rising above the roof.

(heading) In architecture.
A vertical drainpipe.


vignette

First attested in 1751. From French vignette, diminutive of vigne (“vine”), from Latin vīnea, from vīnum (“wine”). Replaced earlier Middle English vynet.

(architecture) A running ornament consisting of leaves and tendrils, used in Gothic architecture.

винетка

running ornament used in Gothic architecture


gargoyle

From Old French gargouille, from Latin, and native Old English swillan (“to gargle”), from Proto-West Germanic *swilljan, from Proto-Germanic *swiljaną (“to gulp, swallow”), from Proto-Indo-European *swel- (“to drink, gulp, swallow”). Doublet of gargle. The Académie Française suggests the first attestation as gargoule in 1294.

der

Above all, in what reckless moment had she encouraged that person and her gargoyle of a mother to move to Mayfair, and set up house around the corner?


caisson

Borrowed from French caisson. Doublet of cassone and cajón.


supercilium

Borrowed from Latin supercilium (“eyebrow; brow, ridge; pride, arrogance”).

bor

(architecture, classical) The narrow fillet above the cymatium of a cornice.

A fillet above and below the scotia of an Attic base.

The lintel or transverse part of a door frame.


saddlebag

saddlebags (plural)
saddle bag (alternative)
saddle-bag (alternative)

/ˈsædəlˌbæɡ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-saddlebag.wav

(architecture) A style of house with two rooms separated by a small hall and open space.


pedestal

Borrowed from Middle French piédestal, itself borrowed from Italian piedistallo (literally “foot stand”). Spelling influenced by Latin pēs, pedem.

der

(architecture) The base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp.

voetstuk

the base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp, or the like


module

Borrowed from French module, from Latin modulus (“a small measure, a measure, mode, meter”), diminutive of modus (“measure”) (whence mode). Doublet of modulus and mold.

(architecture) A standard unit of measure used for determining the proportions of a building.

moduulimitta

architecture: standard unit of measure for determining the proportions of a building


cloister

en-verb

cloister (third-person singular simple present cloisters, present participle cloistering, simple past and past participle cloistered)

cloisters (present singular third-person)
cloistering (participle present)
cloistered (participle past)
cloistered (past)
cloistre (alternative)

Recorded since about 1300 as Middle English cloistre, borrowed from Old French cloistre, clostre, or via Old English clauster, both from Medieval Latin claustrum (“portion of monastery closed off to laity”), from Latin claustrum (“place shut in, bar, bolt, enclosure”), a derivation of the past participle of claudere (“to close”). Doublet of claustrum.

der

(intransitive) To become a Roman Catholic religious.


fillet

From Middle English filet, vylette, felet, filette, flette, from Old French filet, diminutive of fil (“thread”), from Latin fīlum (“thread”).

(architecture) The space between two flutings in a shaft.

harjanne

architecture: space between two flutings


dome

Borrowed from Middle French dome, domme (modern French dôme), from Italian duomo, from Latin domus (ecclesiae) (literally “house (of the church)”), a calque of Ancient Greek οἶκος τῆς ἐκκλησίας (oîkos tês ekklēsías). Doublet of domus and duomo.

cal

οἶκος τῆς ἐκκλησίας

geodesic dome

(architecture) A structural element resembling the hollow upper half of a sphere.


tidewater

en-noun

tidewater (countable and uncountable, plural tidewaters)

tidewaters (plural)
tide water (alternative)

(attributive, uncommon, architecture) A structure or house with large wraparound porches and hip roofs designed for wet and hot climates.


enfilade

(architecture) A series of doors that provide a vista when open.


enfilade

en-verb

enfilade (third-person singular simple present enfilades, present participle enfilading, simple past and past participle enfiladed)

enfilades (present singular third-person)
enfilading (participle present)
enfiladed (participle past)
enfiladed (past)

[…] the house had been boldly planned with a ball-room, so that, instead of squeezing through a narrow passage to get to it (as at the Chiverses’) one marched solemnly down a vista of enfiladed drawing-rooms (the sea-green, the crimson and the bouton d’or), seeing from afar the many-candled lustres reflected in the polished parquetry […]

1920, Edith Wharton, The Age of Innocence, Book 1, Chapter 3:

(architecture, transitive) To arrange (rooms or other structures) in a row.


screen

screens (plural)
skreen (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English scren, screne (“windscreen, firescreen”), from Anglo-Norman escren (“firescreen, the tester of a bed”), Old French escren, escrein, escran (modern French écran (“screen”)), from Middle Dutch scherm, from Old Dutch *skirm, from Proto-West Germanic *skirmi, from Proto-Germanic *skirmiz (“fur, shelter, covering, screen”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut, divide”).
Cognate with Dutch scherm (“screen”), German Schirm (“screen”). Doublet of scherm.
An alternative etymology derives Old French escren, escran from Old Dutch *scranc (“barrier”) (compare Middle Dutch schranc, schranke (“palisade, trellis, grid”), German Schrank (“cupboard, cabinet”), German Schranke (“fence”)), from Proto-West Germanic *skrank, from Proto-Germanic *skrankaz.

skerm

viewing area of electronic output device

(architecture) A dwarf wall or partition carried up to a certain height for separation and protection, as in a church, to separate the aisle from the choir, etc.


zoccolo

Borrowed from Italian zoccolo. Doublet of socle.


blueprint

blueprints (plural)
blue print (alternative)
blue-print (alternative)

From blue + print. Introduced by Sir John Herschel in 1842.

(architecture, engineering, by extension) A detailed technical drawing (now often in some electronically storable and transmissible form).


basilica

en-noun

basilica (plural basilicas or basilicae)

Borrowed from Latin basilica, from Ancient Greek βᾰσῐλῐκή (băsĭlĭkḗ), from βᾰσῐλῐκὴ στοά (băsĭlĭkḕ stoá, “royal hall”), ultimately from βασιλικός (basilikós, “royal”), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king, chief”). Doublet of basoche.

(architecture) A Christian church building having a nave with a semicircular apse, side aisles, a narthex and a clerestory.


crenelated molding

crenelated molding (plural crenelated moldings)

crenelated moldings (plural)
crenellated moulding (alternative)

(architecture) A kind of indented molding used in Norman buildings.


crenellated moulding

crenellated moulding (plural crenellated mouldings)

crenellated mouldings (plural)
crenelated molding (alternative)

(architecture) A kind of indented moulding used in Norman buildings.


drum

Perhaps back-formation from drumslade (“drummer”), from Middle Dutch trommelslach (“drumbeat”), from trommel (“drum”) + slach (“beat”) (Dutch slag).
Or perhaps borrowed directly from a continental Germanic language; compare Middle Dutch tromme (“drum”), Middle Low German trumme (“drum”) et al. Compare also Middle High German trumme, trumbe (“drum”), Old High German trumba (“trumpet”).

back-form

(architecture) The encircling wall that supports a dome or cupola.

(architecture) Any of the cylindrical blocks that make up the shaft of a pillar.


mold

en-noun

mold (countable and uncountable, plural molds)

molds (plural)
mould (alternative Commonwealth)

From Middle English molde (“mold, cast”), from Old French modle, mole, from Latin modulus, from Latin modus. Doublet of module, modulus, and model.

the arch mold of a porch or doorway;  the pier mold of a Gothic pier, meaning the whole profile, section, or combination of parts


tectonics

Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”).

(architecture) The science and art of assembling, shaping, or ornamenting materials in construction.


corridor

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-corridor.wav

Borrowed from French corridor, from Italian corridore (“long passage”) (= corridoio), from correre (“to run”).

Airspace restricted for the passage of aircraft.


shank

From Middle English schanke, from Old English sċanca (“leg”), from Proto-West Germanic *skankō, from Proto-Germanic *skankô (compare West Frisian skonk, Dutch schenkel, Low German Schanke, German Schenkel (“shank, leg”), Danish skank, Norwegian skank, Swedish skänkel), from *skankaz (compare Old Norse skakkr (“wry, crooked”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)keng- (compare Middle Irish scingim (“I spring”), Ancient Greek σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”).

(architecture) The space between two channels of the Doric triglyph.


housing

housing (countable and uncountable, plural housings)

From Middle English housynge, housinge, from housen (“to house, shelter; receive into one's house”), equivalent to house + -ing. Cognate with Scots housing (“housing”); compare Dutch huizing, behuizing (“housing”), Low German husing, hüsing (“housing”), German Behausung (“housing”).

(architecture) The space taken out of one solid to admit the insertion of part of another, such as the end of one timber in the side of another.


bearing

From Middle English bering, beringe, berynge, equivalent to bear + -ing.

A lintel or beam may have four inches of bearing upon the wall.

(architecture) That part of any member of a building which rests upon its supports.

(architecture) The portion of a support on which anything rests.

The beam has twenty feet of bearing between its supports.

(architecture, proscribed) The unsupported span.


dado

From Italian dado, first attested in 1664.

(architecture) The section of a pedestal above the base.

Like a dado round the room was the jutting line of splendid heavy game-heads, the best of their sort from every quarter of the world, with the rare white rhinoceros of the Lado Enclave drooping its supercilious lip above them all.

1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

Hangings of tapestry were behind the high seats, worked with flowers, snake’s-head, snapdragon, dragon-mouth, and their kind; and on the dado below the windows were sculptures of birds and beasts and creeping things.

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros: A Romance, London: Jonathan Cape […], →OCLC, page 3:

(architecture) The lower portion of an interior wall decorated differently from the upper portion.


dado

en-verb

dado (third-person singular simple present dadoes, present participle dadoing, simple past and past participle dadoed)

dadoes (present singular third-person)
dadoing (participle present)
dadoed (participle past)
dadoed (past)

(transitive, architecture) To furnish with a dado.


dado rail

A horizontal moulding fixed to an interior wall about 4-5 feet above the floor.


flyer

→ Finnish: flaijeri

→ French: flyer

→ German: Flyer

→ Korean: 플라이어 (peullaieo)

→ Portuguese: flyer

From fly + -er (agent noun suffix).
With regard to the sense "female kangaroo": because of the high speed at which they move.

(architecture) An arch that connects a flying buttress into the structure it supports.


verge

Borrowed from Middle French verge (“rod or wand of office”), hence "scope, territory dominated", from Latin virga (“shoot, rod stick”), of unknown origin. Earliest attested sense in English is now-obsolete meaning "male member, penis" (c.1400). Modern sense is from the notion of 'within the verge' (1509, also as Anglo-Norman dedeinz la verge), i.e. "subject to the Lord High Steward's authority" (as symbolized by the rod of office), originally a 12-mile radius round the royal court, which sense shifted to "the outermost edge of an expanse or area." Doublet of virga.

bor

(architecture) The shaft of a column, or a small ornamental shaft.

The smaller ribs of tiles that run down to the eaves, along the ridges in a hip-roof, or border the verge in a gable-roof , often terminate in some ornamental tile in high-relief .

1885, Edward S. Morse, Japanese Homes and Their Surroundings:

(architecture) The eaves or edge of the roof that projects over the gable of a roof.


folk

From Middle English folk, from Old English folc, from Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₁-gós, from *pleh₁- (“to fill”).
Cognate with German Volk, Dutch volk, Swedish folk and Danish folk. Doublet of volk.

vok (alternative dialectal)
volk (alternative dialectal)
volge (alternative dialectal)
volke (alternative dialectal)

(architecture) Of or related to local building materials and styles.

شَعْبِيّ

of or related to local building materials and styles; not imported — see also vernacular


gallery

From Middle English galery, gallerye, from Middle French galerie, gallerie, from Old French galerie, gallerie (“a long portico, a gallery”), from Medieval Latin galeria (“gallery”), of unknown origin. Perhaps an alteration of Latin galilea (“church porch”), probably from Latin Galilaea, Galilee, region of Israel. More at Galilee.

unk

unknown origin

a gallery of image thumbnails

a clip-art gallery in a word processor

en:collection of images, icons, etc, in computing

(computing) A browsable collection of images, font styles, etc.


orthography

en-noun

orthography (countable and uncountable, plural orthographies)

/ɔːˈθɒɡɹəfi/

/ɔɹˈθɑɡɹəfi/

The noun is derived from Late Middle English ortografie, ortographie (“spelling”) [and other forms], and then either:
* from Anglo-Norman ortografie, Middle French orthographie, ortografie, ortographie (“correct spelling; orthographic projection”) (compare Old French ortografie; modern French orthographe (“spelling, orthography”), orthographie (“orthographic project, orthography”)); or
* from their etymon Latin orthographia (“correct spelling; building elevation”), from Koine Greek ὀρθογραφία (orthographía, “correct spelling”), from Ancient Greek ορθο- (ortho-, prefix meaning ‘right, proper; upright’) (from ὀρθός (orthós, “straight; erect, upright; correct, true”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰ- (“to grow, increase; high; upright”)) + -γραφίᾱ (-graphíā, suffix meaning ‘drawing; writing’) (from γρᾰ́φω (grắphō, “to cut into, scratch; to write”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to carve”)).
The English word is analyzable as ortho- (prefix meaning ‘proper, right; straight’) + -graphy (suffix denoting something written or otherwise represented in a specified manner, or about a specified subject). The verb is derived from the noun. First use appears before c. 1460.
Cognates
* Catalan ortografia
* Italian ortografia
* Portuguese ortografia, orthografia (obsolete)
* Spanish ortografía

affix

Ichnography, by vvhich vve are to underſtand the very firſt Deſign and Ordinance of a VVork or Edifice, […] To this ſucceeds Orthography, or the erect elevation of the ſame in face or front deſcrib'd in meaſure upon the former Idea […]

1664, John Evelyn, “An Account of Architects & Architecture, together with an Historical, and Etymological Explanation of Certain Tearms Particularly Affected by Architects”, in Roland Freart [i.e., Roland Fréart de Chambray], translated by John Evelyn, A Parallel of the Antient Architecture with the Modern, […], London: […] Tho[mas] Roycroft, for John Place, […], →OCLC, part, page 122:

(countable, architecture) A form of projection used to represent three-dimensional objects in two dimensions, in which all the projection lines are orthogonal or perpendicular to the projection plane; an orthographic projection, especially when used to draw an elevation, vertical projection, etc., of a building; also (obsolete) a drawing made in this way.


lantern

lanterns (plural)
lanthorn (alternative archaic)

→ Bengali: লন্ঠন (lonṭhon)

Hindi: लालटेन (lālṭen)

→ Irish: laindéar

→ Malay: lentera

Indonesian: lentera

→ Telugu: లాంతరు (lāntaru)

From Middle English lanterne (13th century), via Old French lanterne from Latin lanterna (“lantern”), itself a corruption of Ancient Greek λαμπτήρ (lamptḗr, “torch”) (see lamp, λάμπω (lámpō)) by influence of Latin lucerna (“lamp”). The spelling lanthorn was current during the 16th to 19th centuries and originates with a folk etymology associating the word with the use of horn as translucent cover. For the verb, compare French lanterner to hang at the lamppost. Displaced native Old English lēohtfæt (literally “light-container”).

ncog

(architecture) A cage or open chamber of rich architecture, open below into the building or tower which it crowns.

the lantern of the cupola of the Capitol at Washington, or that of the Florence cathedral

(architecture) A smaller and secondary cupola crowning a larger one, for ornament, or to admit light.

lanterne

a smaller and secondary cupola crowning a larger one


ciborium

/sɪˈbɔəɹɪəm/

From Medieval Latin cibōrium (“drinking-cup”), from Ancient Greek κιβώριον (kibṓrion, “the Egyptian water-lily’s cupulate seed pod”, or “a drinking-cup fashioned therefrom”).

der

(architecture) A fixed vaulted canopy over a Christian altar, supported on four columns.


oriel

From Middle English oriel, from Old French oriol (“gallery, corridor”), Late Latin oriolum (“portico, hall”), probably from Latin aureolus (“gilded”), applied to an apartment decorated with gilding. See oriole. Or a diminutive of Latin os (“mouth”).

The middle window of the oriel before her, just caught and reflected back the crimson light and colour. The ground below looked bright and warm compared with the shade around.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XIV, in Romance and Reality. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 202:

The beams that thro' the Oriel shine / Make prisms in every carven glass, / And beaker brimm'd with noble wine.

1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Day-Dream. The Sleeping Palace.”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 151:

(architecture) A large polygonal recess in a building, such as a bay window, forming a protrusion on the outer wall.

еркер

recess in a building, protruding on the outer wall


facade

Borrowed from French façade, from Italian facciata, a derivation of faccia (“front”), from Latin faciēs (“face”); compare face.

In Egypt the façades of their rock-cut tombs were[…]ornamented so simply and unobtrusively as rather to belie than to announce their internal magnificence.

1865, James Fergusson, A History of Architecture in All Countries:

Like so many of the finest churches, [the cathedral of Siena] was furnished with a plain substantial front wall, intended to serve as the backing and support of an ornamental façade.

1880, Charles Eliot Norton, Historical Studies of Church-Building in the Middle Ages:

The house of Ruthven was a small but ultra-modern limestone affair, between Madison and Fifth ;[…]. As a matter of fact its narrow ornate façade presented not a single quiet space that the eyes might rest on after a tiring attempt to follow and codify the arabesques, foliations, and intricate vermiculations of what some disrespectfully dubbed as “near-aissance.”

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter V, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

Eight or so gunmen stood shoulder to shoulder in the gray-white trail before the barn, firing into the saloon's burning, bullet-pocked facade.

2005, Peter Brandvold, “Ghost Colts”, in Robert J. Randisi, editor, Lone Star Law, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 179:

(architecture) The face of a building, especially the front view or elevation.


weathering

en-noun

weathering (countable and uncountable, plural weatherings)

From Middle English wederyng, equivalent to weather + -ing.

(architecture) A slight inclination given to an approximately horizontal surface to enable it to throw off water.


wharf

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *hwerbaną
Proto-West Germanic *hwerban
Old English hweorfan
Middle English wharf
English wharf
From Middle English wharf, from Old English hwearf (“heap, embankment, wharf”); related to Old English hweorfan (“to turn”), Old Saxon hwerf (whence German Werft and Warft), Dutch werf, Old High German hwarb (“a turn”), hwerban (“to turn”), Old Norse hvarf (“circle”), and Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “wrist”).

inh

Commerce pushes its wharves into the sea.

1834–1874, George Bancroft, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent, volume (please specify |volume=I to X), Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company [et al.], →OCLC:

Out upon the wharfs they came, / Knight and burgher, lord and dame, / And round the prow they read her name, / The Lady of Shalott.

1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Lady of Shalott”, in Poems. […], volume I, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, part IV, page 86:

(nautical) An artificial landing place for ships on a riverbank or shore.


squinch

Alteration of earlier scunch (“back part of the side of an opening”), short for scuncheon.

(architecture) A structure constructed between two adjacent walls to aid in the transition from a polygonal to a circular structure, as when a dome is constructed on top of a square room.

trompa

structure between walls to transition to circular


squint

Derived from asquint (“obliquely, with a sidelong glance”).

(architecture) An opening, often arched, through an internal wall of a church, providing an oblique view of the altar.


hagioscope

From hagio- (“saint”) + -scope (“viewing instrument”).

confix

It appears that Drs. Jones and Freeman account for the arch over the hagioscope at St. David's by saying, though without citing authorities, that there was a door there originally.

1886, Miss M. A. R. Tucker, “St. David's”, in Walford's Antiquarian: A Magazine & Bibliographical Review:

(architecture) A small opening in an interior wall of a church, enabling those in the transept to view the high altar.


scupper

Uncertain. Perhaps from Middle English scope (“scoop”) or Dutch schop (“shovel”) + -er; or from Dutch scheppen (“to draw off”).

I have said that our roof was decidedly Biblical in style; but to make it a dry one, something of a nautical character was added to its architecture, for on either side were scuppers, and it was slightly arched in the centre[.]

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 111:

(architecture) A similar opening in a wall or parapet that allows water to drain from a roof.

valumisaukko

architecture: drainage hole in a wall or parapet


MLA

MLAs (plural)
M.L.A. (alternative)
M. L. A. (alternative)

(architecture) Initialism of master of landscape architecture.


stria

(architecture) One of the fillets between the flutes of columns, etc.


obelisk

Hippodrome of Constantinople
Obelisk of Theodosius
Theodosius I
Thutmose III

From Middle French obelisque, from Latin obeliscus (“obelisk”), from Ancient Greek ὀβελίσκος (obelískos), diminutive of ὀβελός (obelós, “needle”). Compare obelus.

The Washington Monument is often described as an obelisk, and sometimes even as a "true obelisk," even though it is not. A true obelisk is a monolith, a pylon formed out of a single piece of stone.

2012 January, Henry Petroski, “The Washington Monument”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, page 16:

(architecture) A tall, square, tapered, stone monolith topped with a pyramidal point, frequently used as a monument.


flourish

flourishes (plural)
florysh (alternative obsolete)
floryshe (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English floryschen, from Old French florir (via the arrhizotonic stem floriss-), from Late Latin flōrīre, from Latin flōrēre, from Latin flōrem (“flower”, noun). Corresponds to flower + -ish.

(architecture) A decorative embellishment on a building.


ogee

From Middle English *ogeve, egeve, egeove, from Old French œgive, ogive, augive, from Late Latin augiva, of uncertain origin; compare Late Latin ogis (“a support, prop”), Latin augeō (“to increase, strengthen”), Spanish auge (“highest point of power or fortune, apogee”). Doublet of ogive.

cog

At the centre of this façade of one story is a porch of two stories with a tall attic and a gable of ogee outline flanked by finials.

1905, Charles Herbert Moore, “Chapter 13”, in Character of Renaissance Architecture:

There is no pronounced ogee arch anywhere, though there is a suspicion of one where the open trefoils of the gables rest upon the containing arches. The tracery too of all the circles is geometrical, i.e., composed of simple curves; there is no flowing or ogee tracery with compound curves.

1910, Francis Bond, “Chapter 3”, in Wood Carvings in English Churches:

In front of the leading splasher the frame was given what is called an ogee bend outwards, [...].

1959 June, A. G. Dunbar, “The "Cardeans" of the Caledonian”, in Trains Illustrated, page 309:

(architecture) A double curve in the shape of an elongated S; an object of that shape.

(architecture) A pointed arch made from two ogees.


meta-

From Ancient Greek μετα- (meta-), from μετά (metá), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀕𐀲 (me-ta), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *meth₂ (“in the middle”).

noncog

(obsolete, architecture and zoology) Situated between two segments.


tassel

tassels (plural)
tossel (alternative archaic)

From Middle English tassel, from Old French tassel, from Latin taxillus (“small cube”), from tālus (“ankle”).

(architecture) A piece of board that is laid upon a wall as a sort of plate, to give a level surface to the ends of floor timbers.


hexastyle

From Ancient Greek ἑξάστυλος (hexástulos), from ἕξ (héx) + στῦλος (stûlos). hexa- + -style.

(architecture) having six columns at the front on the portico


hexastyle

(architecture) A temple or portico with six columns in front.


settlement

en-noun

settlement (countable and uncountable, plural settlements)

(architecture) The gradual sinking of a building. Fractures or dislocations caused by settlement.

слягане

(architecture) gradual sinking of a building


engaged

/ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒd/

/ɛnˈɡeɪd͡ʒd/

(architecture, of a column) attached to a wall or sunk into it halfway


narthex

From Ancient Greek νάρθηξ (nárthēx, “giant fennel”), later ‘casket’ (modern Greek νάρθηκας (nárthikas)), a Pre-Greek word, as suggested by the suffix. See also νάρδος (nárdos, “nard”).

bor

we were in the antechamber, called the narthex, which runs across the front of any Byzantine church [...].

1942, Rebecca West, Black Lamb and Grey Falcon, Canongate, published 2006, page 637:

One of these was Cardinal Jacopo Stefaneschi, [...] who had now conceived ambitious plans for paintings to decorate the entire narthex, or entrance porch, of Avignon's ancient cathedral.

2007, Edwin Mullins, The Popes of Avignon, Blue Bridge, published 2008, page 87:

“Cinco,” Marco bellowed now, hurrying across the narthex to give him a hearty handshake, which Cinco returned without enthusiasm.

2012, Melissa F. Miller, chapter 42, in Irretrievably Broken (The Sasha McCandless Series), e-book edition, volume 1, Brown Street Books, →ISBN, page 11642:

(architecture) A western vestibule leading to the nave in some Christian churches.


vestibule

Early 17th century, borrowed from French vestibule (“entrance court”), from Latin vestibulum (“forecourt, entrance court; entrance”), from vestiō (“to dress, clothe, vest”) + -bulum (“place, location”, nominal suffix). Doublet of vestibulum.

նախասրահ

small entrance hall before main hall or lobby

(architecture) A small entrance hall, antechamber, passage, or room between the outer door and the main hall, lobby, or interior of a building.

(architecture) A large entrance hall in a temple or palace.

The exit side of the front vestibule contains a sliding door.

1912, Electric Railway Journal, volume XL, number 14, page 556:

The units have transverse seats, two and three astride the passageway with single or double longitudinal seats alongside the two entrance vestibules in each car.

1960 November, “New electric multiple-units for British Railways: Glasgow Suburban”, in Trains Illustrated, page 660:

(rail transport) An enclosed entrance at the end of a railway passenger car.

eteinen

enclosed entrance of a railway passenger car

Lydia's voice was heard in the vestibule; the door was thrown open, and she ran into the room.

1813, Jane Austen, chapter 19, in Pride and Prejudice, volume 2:

The purpose of the vestibule, at least in western Europe, was not to provide a resting-place for penitents, but to deaden the noise outside.

1913, Beda Julius Kleinschmidt, “Vestibule”, in Catholic Encyclopedia:

Some instinct warned Armitage that what was taking place was not a thing for unfortified eyes to see, so he brushed back the crowd with authority as he unlocked the vestibule door.

1929 April, H. P. Lovecraft, “The Dunwich Horror/Chapter VI”, in Weird Tales:


stretcher

(architecture) A piece of timber used in building.


rafter

From Old English ræfter, of Germanic origin, related to the origin of raft.

/ˈɹɑːftə(ɹ)/

[…] the pigeons fluttered up to the rafters

1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:

(architecture) One of a series of sloped beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the downslope perimeter or eave, designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads.


chimney pot

At last the first glimpse from a bridge of an open-top red bus, and a noticeable darkening of the atmosphere from the smoke of London: then the increasingly dingy stations with double-barrel names, set amid what has always been to me the outstanding feature of the "Premier Line" approach to London—the positively marvellous display of crazy chimney-pots on the grey inner suburban houses. As many as twenty, all of varying style, standing together like ranks of jagged teeth, and providing a Dickensian back-cloth which no other route can boast.

1951 October, R. S. McNaught, “Lines of Approach”, in Railway Magazine, page 704:

A short earthenware pipe, placed on top of a chimney to improve the draft.


shaft

From Middle English schaft, from Old English sċeaft, from Proto-West Germanic *skaft, from Proto-Germanic *skaftaz. Cognate with Dutch schacht, German German Schaft, Swedish skaft.

Bid time and nature gently spare / The shaft we raise to thee.

(architecture) Any column or pillar, particularly the body of a column between its capital and pedestal.


inglenook

inglenooks (plural)
ingle nook (alternative)
ingle-nook (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-inglenook.wav

/ˈɪŋɡəlˌnʊk/

I ſat me in the ingle nook, / And joked wi my luver, / But a' the jokes that I cou'd crack, / The deel a ane could muve her.

1797 May, E. S. J., “A Song”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume LXVII, part I, number V, London: […] John Nichols, […], →OCLC, page 423, column 2:

The ingle-nook ſupplies the ſimmer-fields, / An' aft as mony gleefu' maments yields.

1799, Robert Fergusson, “An Eclogue. […]”, in The Poetical Works of R. Fergusson, Paisley, Renfrewshire: R. Smith, […], →OCLC, page 80:

Could we find a Hamilton to write a tale in Gaelic, for the ingle-nooks of our cottagers, we might expect a speedy reform. The Highlanders are fond of tales, and there does not seem to be a better method of pointing out to them the advantages of activity and cleanliness, than dispersing among them a few stories drawn up with ability.

1813, George Steuart Mackenzie, “Political Economy”, in General View of the Agriculture of the Counties of Ross and Cromarty. […], London: […] Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, […], →OCLC, section 8 (Healthiness of the Country, Mode of Living, &c.), pages 326–327:

May the Forest still flourish, both Borough and Landward, / From the hall of the Peer to the herd's ingle-nook; / And huzza! my brave hearts, for Buccleuch and his standard, / For the King and the Country, the Clan and the Duke.

1815 December 1, [Walter Scott; James Hogg], “The Lifting of the Banner”, in The Ettricke Garland; being Two Excellent New Songs on the Lifting of the Banner of the House of Buccleuch, at the Great Foot-ball Match on Carterhaugh, Dec. 4, 1815, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co., →OCLC, page 5:

[O]ne [chair], distinguished by capacious arms, a high stuffed back, and red cushions, was placed close to the ingle nook, the accustomed seat of the father of the family.

1822 May 1, “The Smuggler”, in The Atheneum; or, Spirit of the English Magazines, volume 11, Boston, Mass.: Munroe and Francis, […], →OCLC, page 103, column 1:

Alice was removed to the residence of the older Noland, where she was welcomed with a rough but honest kindness, and old Margaret was installed in the ingle nook.

1838 December 22, “the Old Sailor” [pseudonym], “Robin Hood’s Bay”, in William, Robert Chambers, editors, Chambers’s Edinburgh Journal, volume VII, number 360, Edinburgh: […] W[illiam] S[omerville] Orr and Co., […], published 1839, →OCLC, page 378, column 2:

It was remembered but too well how the dragoons had stalked into the peasant's cottage, cursing and damning him, themselves, and each other at every second word, pushing from the ingle nook his grandmother of eighty, and thrusting their hands into the bosom of his daughter of sixteen; [...]

1851, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter XIII, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume III, London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, →OCLC, page 343:

The Cavalier was supported by the assiduous host into a large, comfortable-looking house-place, with a wood fire blazing upon the hearth—deep inglenooks on either side of the chimney—and a couple of cozy benches with high backs calculated to keep off all draught advancing far into the room, with a long and strong oak table between them.

1860, W[illiam] Harrison Ainsworth, “Ovingdean Grange. A Tale of the South Downs.”, in Bentley’s Miscellany, volume XLVII, London: Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, 6th part (The Devil’s Dyke), chapter III (Of the Guests at the Poynings’ Arms), page 350:

It is in this old chimney corner, the quaint inglenook of our ancestors—just there in the far angle, where His little stool was placed, and where, I dare say, if we could look close enough, we should find the hearthstone scraped with His little feet—that we see the inconceivable child gazing into the blaze of the old oaken logs and making out there pictures and stories, see Him conning, with curly bent head, His well-worn hornbook, or poring over some scrap of an ancient ballad, some page of some such rudely bound volume of chronicles as lay, we may be sure, in His father's window-seat.

1903 February 26, Henry James, “The Birthplace”, in The Better Sort, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, chapter VII, page 296:

The chimneys are most striking, with the upper part in brickwork, and with fine bold bases of stone, forming inside comfortable ingle nooks.

1914, Philip B. Chatwin, “Kyre Wyard”, in Transactions, Excursions and Report, for the Year 1913, volume XXXIX, Birmingham, Warwickshire: […] Hudson & Son [for the Birmingham Archaeological Society, Birmingham and Midland Institute], […], →OCLC, page 60:

Seated in my barber's chair in the ingle-nook, with a book and a cup of coffee on the table in front of me, I would hear coming down the chimney, as though the village was situated on an island in the sky, a succession of slow, somnolent sounds: [...]

1957, Gerald Brenan, “The High Mountains and Guadix”, in South from Granada, 1st paperback edition, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 1980, →ISBN, page 153:

Opposite the old church is a Tudor black-and-white cottage, flanked at one end by the Brocket Arms, a splendid 400-year-old pub with stone-flagged floors, a vast inglenook fireplace and a garden full of oak tables and benches for summer evening meditation.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 45:

In its purest form, the inglenook is distinctly set off, a sort of room within a room. [...] The twin benches of many inglenooks face each other at right angles to the hearth. This arrangement gives the best view of the fire, but space considerations may dictate building seating along the fireplace wall instead.

2000, Judith Knuth, edited by Paula Marshall, Fireplace Decorating & Planning Ideas, Des Moines, Iowa: Better Homes and Gardens Books, →ISBN, page 47:

He [a dog] wants the warmth of our home, to curl up in our inglenook and lap from his water bowl.

2014, Eric Freeze, “Dead Weight”, in Hemingway on a Bike, Lincoln, Neb., London: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 80:

(originally Scotland, architecture, chiefly historical) A nook or corner beside an open fireplace; a chimney corner.

爐邊 /炉边

nook or corner beside an open fireplace; chimney corner


impost

From Italian imposta, from Latin imposta.

The outer circle [of Stonehenge] has been formed by a combination of two uprights and an impost; yet each combination of these three stones is detached, and without any connection with the rest, except that of coinciding in the form of a circle.

1798, William Gilpin, Observations on the Western Parts of England, London: T. Cadell jun. and W. Davies, Section 7, p. 79:

(architecture) The top part of a column, pillar, pier, wall, etc. that supports an arch.


groin

From earlier grine, from Middle English grinde, grynde, from Old English grynde (“abyss”) (perhaps also "depression, hollow"), probably related to Proto-Germanic *grunduz; see ground. Later altered under the influence of loin.

(architecture) The projecting solid angle formed by the meeting of two vaults


groin

en-verb

groin (third-person singular simple present groins, present participle groining, simple past and past participle groined)

groins (present singular third-person)
groining (participle present)
groined (participle past)
groined (past)


dormer

From Middle French dormoir (“sleeping room”), from dormir (“to sleep”).

Then we came to a high white wall that surrounded a large garden, and within it was a long, massive building of some beauty and pretension, with a high, latticed belfry and heavy walls and with arched dormers in the sloping roof.

1904 May, Winston Churchill, “The Strange City”, in The Crossing, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, book II (Flotsam and Jetsam), page 371:

(architecture) A room-like, roofed projection from a sloping roof.

(architecture) Ellipsis of dormer-window.


Churrigueresque

Named for José Benito Churriguera (1665-1725), a Spanish architect and sculptor. See -esque.

(architecture) Relating to a Spanish baroque architectural style that started in the late 17th century to the early 18th century; characterized by flamboyant ornamentation

churrigueresque

relating to Spanish baroque architectural style


flamboyant

en-adj

flamboyant (comparative more flamboyant, superlative most flamboyant)

more flamboyant (comparative)
most flamboyant (superlative)
Flamboyant (alternative)

Borrowed from French flamboyant (“flaming, wavy”), participle of flamboyer (“to flame”), from Old French flamboier, from flambe (“flame”). The architectural style derives its name from the flame-like shapes in the tracery.

S. Pierre is a flamboyant church, the details passing into Renaissance.

1891, Sabine Baring-Gould, chapter XIX, in In Troubadour-Land: A Ramble in Provence and Languedoc, Avignon:

The second is a chapel of two storeys, the lower dating from 1150, while the upper was rebuilt in the 15th century, and there is a rich Flamboyant entrance with a stairway (1533).

1911, “Bruges”, in Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition:

The nave and central tower, more flamboyant in design, were finished early in the sixteenth century after the original plan.

1913, “Abbey of Saint-Ouen”, in Catholic Encyclopedia:

(architecture) Referring to the final stage of French Gothic architecture from the 14th to the 16th centuries.

炫耀

referring to the final stage of French Gothic architecture from the 14th to the 16th centuries


Victorian

Victorian (comparative more Victorian, superlative most Victorian)

more Victorian (comparative)
most Victorian (superlative)

From Victoria + -an (suffix forming adjectives and agent nouns), from the name of Queen Victoria (1819–1901), monarch of the United Kingdom.

Viktorina

of or relating to the culture or social conditions of that period

Unhappily, however, all that remains of Cherhill's claim to an old manor house is a rather cold ungabled building, blue-slated in hard ruled lines, and a porch which might have been transplanted from a late Victorian house.

1941, J[ames] H[erbert] Blackford, The Manor and Village of Cherhill, a Wiltshire Village from Early Times to the Present Day, Frome, Somerset, London: […] Butler & Tanner, →OCLC, page 188:

Of or relating to the culture or social conditions of that period.

(architecture) Of the style of architecture or furnishings of that period.

فيكتوري

of the style of architecture or furnishings of that period


Victorian

The commercial resurgence brought about by the area's changing tastes is reflected in midtown's conglomeration of refurbished Victorians, apartments, specialty shops, offices, corner groceries, restaurants, single-family homes, and bed and breakfast inns.

1987, Faren Maree Bachelis, “Downtown Sacramento”, in The Pelican Guide to Sacramento and the Gold Country (A Firebird Press Book), Gretna, New Orleans, La.: Pelican Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 86:

(chiefly US, architecture) A house built in the Victorian architectural style.


repose

en-noun

repose (countable and uncountable, plural reposes)

Berthe Morisot
Rhode Island School of Design Museum
Édouard Manet

The verb is derived from Middle English reposen (“to rest”), from Anglo-Norman reposer, reposir, and Middle French reposer, from Old French reposer, repauser (“to become calm; to be peaceful; to rest; to be immobile; to lie or be placed; to cease, stop; to neglect”) (modern French reposer), from Latin repausāre, the present active infinitive of repausō (“(Late Latin) to be at rest; to lie down, rest; to sleep; to calm, pacify; (Latin) to halt temporarily, pause”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again; back, backwards’) + pausō (“to cease, halt; to pause”) (from pausa (“a halt, stop; a pause; an end”), from Ancient Greek παῦσῐς (paûsĭs, “ceasing, stopping”), from παύω (paúō, “to cease; to make to cease, stop; to bring to an end; to hinder”) (further etymology uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂w- (“few, little; smallness”)) + -σῐς (-sĭs, suffix forming abstract nouns or nouns of action, process, or result)).
The noun is derived from Late Middle English repose, from Anglo-Norman repous, repos, and Middle French repos, repose, from Old French repos (“calm; rest; period or state of sleep; state of immobility; state of inaction”) (modern French repos), from reposer, repauser (verb) (see above).
Noun sense 12.3 (“technique of including in a painting an area or areas which are dark, indistinct, or soft in tone”) is borrowed from French repos.
Cognates
Catalan reposar (verb), repòs (noun)
Italian riposare (verb), riposo (noun)
Old Occitan repausar, repauzar (verb), repaus (noun)
Portuguese repousar (verb), repouso (noun)
Spanish reposar (verb), reposo (noun)

ref

From the collection of the Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A.

col

Cognates

հանգիստ

temporary cessation from activity to rest and recover, especially in the form of sleep; an instance of this — see also break, rest

lepo

of the face, a muscle, etc.: state of being relaxed and not in tension

VVe are to take occaſion as much as poſſibly vve can, […] to find the repoſe of vvhich vve ſpeak, by the Light and by the Shadovv, vvhich naturally accompany ſolid Bodies.

1695, [Roger de Piles], “Observations on the Art of Painting of Charles Alphonse du Fresnoy”, in C[harles] A[lphonse] du Fresnoy, translated by John Dryden, De Arte Graphica. The Art of Painting, […], London: […] J[ohn] Heptinstall for W. Rogers, […], →OCLC, page 162:

(uncountable, architecture, art) The arrangement of elements of an artwork, a building, etc., that is restful and soothing to a viewer; harmony.


recess

en-verb

recess (third-person singular simple present recesses, present participle recessing, simple past and past participle recessed)

recesses (present singular third-person)
recessing (participle present)
recessed (participle past)
recessed (past)

The noun is borrowed from Latin recessus (“act of going back, departure, receding, retiring; (figuratively) retreat, withdrawal; (metonymically) distant, secluded, or secret spot, corner, nook, retreat; recessed part, indentation”) (also Late Latin recessus (“decree or resolution of the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire”)), from recēdō (“to go back, recede, retire, withdraw; to go away, depart; (by extension) to disappear, vanish; to separate; to stand back, be distant; to yield”) (from re- (prefix meaning ‘back, backwards’) + cēdō (“to go, move, proceed”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs); influenced by Middle French recès, French recès (“a break, pause; break between classes in school; school vacation; ebbing of tide; reduction”) (also Anglo-Norman recès and Old French recès (“hiding place; hollow”).
Sense 5 (“decree or resolution of the diet of the Holy Roman Empire, etc.”) is possibly influenced by Italian recesso and refers to a decree or resolution made just before a meeting ends.
The adjective and verb are derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Catalan recés
* Italian recesso
* Middle French recès (modern French recès)
* Portuguese recesso
* Spanish receso

cog

to recess a wall

To make a recess (noun sense 1 and sense 1.1) in (something).

That gargoyle recesses into the rest of architecture.

Recess the screw so it does not stick out.

(also reflexive) Often preceded by in or into: to inset (something) into a recess or niche.


prang

The prang is surrounded by walls, which are in turn surrounded by smaller prangs and chedis, some of which are rather precariously supported.

1995, Joshua Eliot, Thailand and Burma Handbook 1996, page 216:

The second platform surrounds the base of the prang proper, whose closed entranceways are guarded by four statues of the Hindu god Indra on his three-headed elephant Erawan.

2001, Paul Gray, Lucy Ridout, The Rough Guide to Bangkok, page 119:

(architecture) A type of tower or spire featured in some Buddhist temples of Cambodia and Thailand.


respond

From Middle English respounden, from Old French respondre, from Late Latin respondō, from Latin respondeō. Cf. Modern French répondre.

(architecture) A half-pillar, pilaster, or any corresponding device engaged in a wall to receive the impost of an arch.


turret

From Middle English touret, from Old French torete (French tourette), diminutive of tour (“tower”), from Latin turris. Doublet of tor, tourelle, and tower. See tower.

оръдейна кула

a revolving tower constructed of thick iron plates

Their Victorian house had three turrets and a large amount of gingerbread trim.

There breathes no being but has some pretence / To that fine instinct called poetic sense; […] / The freeman, casting with unpurchased hand / The vote that shakes the turrets of the land.

1836, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr., “Poetry: A Metrical Essay”, republished in The Poems of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, 1862, OCLC 5091562, pages 7–8

Awake! for Morning in the Bowl of Night,
Has flung the Stone that puts the Stars to Flight:
And Lo! the Hunter of the East has caught
The Sultán's Turret in a Noose of light.

1859, Edward Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám: The Astronomer-Poet of Persia, page 1:

(architecture) A little tower, frequently a merely ornamental structure at one of the corners of a building or castle.


desire line

The grouping of like trips for all passenger cars, taxi-cabs and trucks resulted in 3580 desire lines, varying in volume from one trip to 5200 trips. It is obvious that if all the desire lines were illustrated graphically on one chart the result would be a maze of lines that would be confusing.

1947, Missouri State Highway Department, Public Roads Administration, Federal Works Agency [United States], A Traffic Survey of St. Louis Metropolitan Area, [Jefferson, Mo.]: The Department, →OCLC, page 24, column 2:

Study participants also drew charts of pedestrian traffic to take note of what are delightfully termed "desire lines" – paths actually made by walkers as opposed to those created on the drawing board.

1987 August, Thomas Frick, “Rebuilding Central Park”, in Technology Review, Cambridge, Mass.: Association of Alumni and Alumnae of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, →ISSN, →OCLC:

In areas with no sidewalks, beaten-down paths in the grass, known as "desire lines" in planning-speak, indicate yearning, said John La Plante, the chief traffic engineer for T. Y. Lin International, an engineering firm.

2003 January 5, Patricia Leigh Brown, “Whose sidewalk is it, anyway?”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2015-05-27:

A path that pedestrians or vehicles take informally rather than taking a sidewalk or set route, for example, a well-worn ribbon of dirt cutting across a patch of grass, or a path in the snow.


transom

From Middle English traunsom; probably an alteration of Latin trānstrum (“crossbeam”).

a hinged glassed frame above such a crossbar

(architecture) A crosspiece over a door; a lintel.

(architecture) A horizontal glazing bar in a window.


mansard

Borrowed from French mansarde, from Francois Mansart, French architect.

The upper storey of a building, surrounded by such a roof


temper

en-noun

temper (countable and uncountable, plural tempers)

From Middle English temperen, tempren, from Old English ġetemprian, temprian, borrowed from Latin temperō (“I divide or proportion duly, I moderate, I regulate; intransitive senses I am moderate, I am temperate”), from tempus (“time, fit season”). Compare also French tempérer. Doublet of tamper. See temporal.

der

(pottery, architecture) A non-plastic material, such as sand, added to clay to prevent shrinkage and cracking during drying or firing; tempering.


architrave

First attested 1563, borrowed from Italian architrave, from archi- (“main”) + trave (“beam”).

(architecture) The lowest part of an entablature; rests on the capitals of the columns.

I know that one hinge of this door has parted with the woodwork. Dry rot has turned the architrave to compacted dust.

2016, Ian McEwan, Nutshell, Vintage, page 17:

(architecture) The moldings (or other elements) framing a door, window or other rectangular opening.


trave

From Middle English trave, from Middle French trave, from Latin trabem, accusative of trabs (“beam, thing made using beams”).

(architecture) A section formed by crossbeams.


cryptoporticus

en-noun

cryptoporticus (plural cryptoporticuses or cryptoportici)

cryptoporticuses (plural)
cryptoportici (plural)
cryptoportico (alternative)

The close walkes, which were called cryptoporticus were not of choice but of necessitie, when extremitie of weather would not let them walke abroad.

1581, Richard Mulcaster, Positions, London: Longmans, Green and Company, published 1888, page 87:

(Roman architecture) A vaulted corridor or arcade at, or just below ground level; normally lit by openings in the upper part of the vault. Also a roofed promenade that is enclosed with side walls that have windows or openings instead of columns.


SOA

SOA (countable and uncountable, plural SOAs)

search-oriented architecture
search-oriented architecture#English

(computing, architecture) Initialism of search-oriented architecture.

service-oriented architecture
service-oriented architecture#English

(computing, architecture) Initialism of service-oriented architecture.


pier

From Middle English pere (“bridge pillar”), from Medieval Latin pera, from Old Northern French pire (“breakwater”), from Vulgar Latin *petricus, from Latin petra, from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “stone”).

(architecture) A rectangular pillar, or similar structure, that supports an arch, wall or roof, or the hinges of a gate.


cantilever

cantilevers (plural)
cantalever (alternative dated)
cantaliver (alternative dated)

First attested in the 1660s, probably from cant (“slope, edge, corner”) + lever, but the earliest form (c. 1610) was cantlapper. First element may also be Spanish can (“dog”), an architect's term for an end of timber jutting out of a wall, on which beams rested.

Eventually Sir John Fowler's and Sir Benjamin Baker's continuous steel girder bridge on the cantilever principle was adopted.

1941 January, the late John Phillimore, “The Forth Bridge 1890-1940”, in Railway Magazine, page 5:

He loved Litchfield, Sharon, Williamsburg; he preferred the Georgian, and he had theories about developing a truly American style. He was called a plodder by all the Kivis, and in turn he disliked their bleak blocks of Modernist cement, their glass-fronted hen-houses, their architectural spiders with cantilever claws.

1951, Sinclair Lewis, World So Wide, Chapter:

The underframe, which has been designed to take buffing loads of 200 tons both on the centre coupler and on the retractable side buffers, consists of two centre girders from which cantilevers project to support the solebars, which in turn carry the bodyside structure.

1951 May, “British Railways Standard Coaches”, in Railway Magazine, page 327:

The service stairs were next to the main stairs, separated only by a wall, but what a difference there was between them: the narrow back stairs, dangerously unrailed, under the bleak gleam of a skylight, each step worn down to a steep hollow, turned tightly in a deep grey shaft; whereas the great main sweep, a miracle of cantilevers, dividing and joining again, was hung with the portraits of prince-bishops, and had ears of corn in its wrought-iron banisters that trembled to the tread.

2004, Alan Hollinghurst, chapter 10, in The Line of Beauty […], London: Picador, →ISBN:

The plank along which pirates made their victims walk was a cantilever. So is a diving board. As you walk along the plank, the unsupported ends dips [sic]. It's possible to arrange for two cantilevers to be connected at their unsupported ends, which would let you seamlessly cross from one cantilever to the other while also distributing your weight across both fixed ends.

2023 May 3, Philip Haigh, “The art and science of building bridges”, in RAIL, number 982, page 40:

(architecture) A beam anchored at one end and projecting into space, such as a long bracket projecting from a wall to support a balcony.


octostyle

The Parthenon in Athens is an octostyle, but most large Greek temples are hexastyle.

(architecture) A temple or portico with eight columns in front.


chevron

chevrons (plural)
cheveron (alternative dated)

From Middle English cheveroun, from Old French chevron, the mark so called because it looks like rafters of a shallow roof, from Vulgar Latin *capriō, from Latin caper (“goat”), the likely connection between goats and rafters being the animal's horns.

A V-shaped pattern; used in architecture, and as an insignia of military or police rank, on the sleeve.


A-frame

An architectural structure, in the shape of an "A", having two straight sides meeting at the top.


apophyge

From Ancient Greek ἀποφυγή (apophugḗ), from ἀπο- (apo-, “away”) and φυγή (phugḗ, “flight”).

(architecture) A curvature found on the top or bottom of certain columns.

apophyge

(architecture) a curvature found on the top or bottom of certain columns


skillion

From dialect skilling, from Middle English skyling.

(architecture) A room built against the back of another building, having a separate roof.


Attic

en-adj

Attic (comparative more Attic, superlative most Attic)

more Attic (comparative)
most Attic (superlative)

From Latin Atticus, from Ancient Greek Ἀττικός (Attikós), from some Pre-Greek demonym or toponym for Athens and its hinterland of Attica + -ικός (-ikós, “-ic: forming adjectives”). Equivalent to a modified and clipped Athens + -ic. Doublet of Atticus.

(historical) Of or related to Attica, ancient Athens and its hinterland, particularly:

(architecture) Of or related to ancient Athenian architecture.


Ionic

From Ancient Greek ἰωνικός (iōnikós, “related to Ionians”).

uder

(architecture) of an order of classical Greek architecture whose distinguishing feature is a capital with spiral volutes.


Perpendicular

en-adj

Perpendicular (comparative more Perpendicular, superlative most Perpendicular)

more Perpendicular (comparative)
most Perpendicular (superlative)

(architecture) Of a style of English Gothic architecture from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, marked by stiff and rectilinear lines, mostly vertical window-tracery, depressed or four-centre arch, fan-tracery vaulting, and panelled walls.


Roman

Roman (comparative more Roman, superlative most Roman)

more Roman (comparative)
most Roman (superlative)

From Old French Romain, from Latin Rōmānus. In reference to the Byzantine Empire, via the Byzantine Greek endonym Ῥωμαῖος (Rhōmaîos). By surface analysis, Rome + -an. Doublet of Romano.

(architecture) Of a style characterised by the size and boldness of its round arches and vaults, and having baths, aqueducts, basilicas, amphitheatres, etc.


Tuscan

From Middle English Tuscan, from Late Latin Tuscānus (“belonging to the Tusci”), a people of ancient Italy, from Tuscus, earlier *Truscus, shortened form of Etruscus (“Etruscan”).

der

(architecture) Belonging to the simplest of the five classical orders of architecture, being a Roman modification of the Doric style, with unfluted columns, and without triglyphs.


cornish

So the curve of Stonehenge, which is above 100 English feet, appears extraordinary large and well proportion'd, upon a height of 18 foot, which reaches to the top of the outer cornish; that of the inner cornishes is but 24 foot high, at a medium. For the cornishes of the inner part of Stonehenge, or that which Webb calls the cell, are not all of equal height, of which in proper place.

1730, William Stukeley, Stonehenge: A Temple Restor'd to the British Druids, page 11:

The four rooms in the length of this building have door places crown'd with double cornishes, as represented in the plate of that architecture, together with ornaments of the winged globe.

1743, Richard Pococke, A Description of the East and Some Other Countries, page 63:

And all the way along the edges here we'll be putting in cornishes. They're under the scaffolding there in the corner, you can take a look. These are six-inch cornishes.

2009, Ivan Vladislavic, Portrait with Keys: The City of Johannesburg Unlocked, page 114:

(architecture) Alternative form of cornice.


clerestory

clerestories (plural)
clearstory (alternative)
clerstory (alternative)

From Middle English clerestory, from clere (“clear: light, lighted”) + story (“storey/story: level of a building”).

On the Visby-Västerhejde Railway there is a steam car. [...] The upperworks consist of a short clerestory coach body with end platforms and the engine chimney protruding from the roof like a stovepipe.

1939 July, “Overseas Railways: Baltic Island Railways”, in Railway Magazine, page 49:

The cars built before 1913 had clerestory roofs, after the American style, and also were provided with gates and end vestibule platforms requiring gatemen.

1951 January, “The Inner Circle and its Rolling Stock”, in Railway Magazine, page 59:

(architecture) The upper part of a wall containing windows to let in natural light to a building, especially in the nave, transept and choir of a church or cathedral.


nervure

(architecture) One of the ribs in a groined vault; a projecting moulding.


airlock

airlocks (plural)
air lock (alternative)
air-lock (alternative)

→ Japanese: エアロック (earokku)

(architecture, informal) A vestibule, foyer or entranceway with doors to the exterior on one end and doors to the interior on the other, functioning to keep indoor and outdoor air, humidity, and air temperatures separate.


truss

From Middle English trusse, from Old French trousse, torse. Doublet of torse and trousse.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-truss.wav

The weight of the wrought-ironwork in each of the trusses is 460 tons, inclusive of the longitudinal and cross girders weighing 130 tons.

1952 September, “Chepstow River Bridge Centenary”, in Railway Magazine, page 623:

(architecture) A structure made up of one or more triangular units made from straight beams of wood or metal, which is used to support a structure as in a roof or bridge.

фе́рма

стропи́льная


Art Deco

art deco (alternative)
Art Déco (alternative)

/ˌɑːɹt ˈdɛkəʊ/

/ˌɑɹt ˈdɛkoʊ/

Borrowed from French Art déco, first used in the catalogue of an exhibition at the Musée des Arts Decoratifs in Paris, France, in 1966. Art déco is a clipping of arts décoratifs (“decorative arts”) (from the name of an exhibition called L’Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes (The International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts) held in Paris in 1925), from arts (plural of art (“art”)) + décoratifs (plural of décoratif (“decorative”)).

ref

From the collection of the Musée d’Art Moderne de Paris (Museum of Modern Art of Paris), France.

clipping

A pair of Armada flagons were bought for £1,900 and a four-piece Art Deco tea set on a matching tray was sold at £1,500.

1978 July 26, Paula Judge, “Saleroom: Jane Austen Ms [manuscript] sold for £38,000”, in Financial Times, number 27,620, London: The Financial Times Ltd., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 5, column 8:

These properties reflect the wide variety of resources that represent the American heritage. They include skyscrapers in Chicago and mining structures in Alaska; prehistoric petroglyphs in Nevada and World War II fortifications in Guam; a district of art deco buildings in Miami and a district of prominent artists' and writers' homes in Santa Fe.

1989, “Introduction”, in National Register of Historic Places 1966–1988, Washington, D.C.: National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers; National Park Service; Nashville, Tenn.: American Association for State and Local History, →ISBN, page ix, column 1:

Always in the same district, at 61 Olive Street, is the Oviatt Building, one of [the] most important examples of Art Deco architecture found within Los Angeles city limits, and once a prestigious clothing shop boasting such clients as Rudolph Valentino and Douglas Fairbanks Jr. […] The store was replaced by today's Rex II Restaurant, decorated as an^([sic – meaning a]) 1920s ocean liner in keeping with the overall Art Deco decor.

1995, Rosanna Cirigliano, “Los Angeles”, in California, Florence: Casa Editrice Bonechi; San Francisco, Calif.: Smith Novelty Company, →ISBN, page 119:

This project has stripped away modern PVCu and aluminium shop fronts to reveal original or 1930s Art Deco work, with judicious repairs and replacements as necessary, plus stonework repairs and the restoration of traditional London Transport signage.

2021 December 15, Robin Leleux, “Awards Honour the Best Restoration Projects: The Great Western Railway Craft Skills Award: Victoria Arcade”, in Rail, number 946, Peterborough, Cambridgeshire: Bauer Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 59:

(architecture, art, also attributive) A style of decorative art (often used in household objects) and architecture originating in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by bold geometric forms, strong contrasting colours, and simple composition.

Chrysler Building
Paul Follot
William Van Alen

Art Deco

style of decorative art and architecture


dish out

en-verb

dish out (third-person singular simple present dishes out, present participle dishing out, simple past and past participle dished out)

dishes out (present singular third-person)
dishing out (participle present)
dished out (participle past)
dished out (past)

(transitive, architecture) To hollow out, as a gutter in stone or wood.


jetty

From Middle English gete, getee, gettee, jette, jetty, jety, from Middle French jeté, geté (“pier, jetty, causeway”) (modern French jetée), from the past participle of jeter. Compare jet, jutty.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-jetty.wav

(architecture) A part of a building that jets or projects beyond the rest, and overhangs the wall below.


LF

en-noun

LF (countable and uncountable, plural LFs)

(architecture, engineering, construction) Initialism of linear feet.


talon

From Middle English talon, taloun, from Old French talon (“heel, spur”), from Medieval Latin tālōnem, from Vulgar Latin *tālōnis, from Latin tālus (“ankle”).

(architecture) A kind of moulding, concave at the bottom and convex at the top; an ogee. (When the concave part is at the top, it is called an inverted talon.)


perron

From Middle French pierre (“stone”), from Anglo-Norman perron.

(architecture) A platform outside the raised entrance to a church or large building, or the steps leading to such a platform. US: stoop.


sabat

(architecture) A roofing structure with the street beneath it in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern architecture, serving to support buildings or to cool pedestrians by maximizing daytime shade and accelerating breezes.


apsis

From Latin apsis, hapsis, from Ancient Greek ἁψίς (hapsís, “arch, vault”). See also apse.

der

Like Henry's collegiate church […] the cathedral is a cruciform basilica of the double bay system with four square bays in the central nave, western transoms, a quadrum for the choir, an apsis, and a transept with auxiliary apses.

2019, A Companion to Medieval Lübeck, page 96:

(architecture) A recess or projection, with a dome or vault, at the east end of a church; an apse.


daylight

en-verb

daylight (third-person singular simple present daylights, present participle daylighting, simple past and past participle daylighted or daylit)

daylights (present singular third-person)
daylighting (participle present)
daylighted (participle past)
daylighted (past)
daylit (participle past)
daylit (past)
day-light (alternative)

From Middle English daye-lighte, dey liȝht, dailiȝt, day-liht, dai-liht (also as days lyȝt, daies liht), equivalent to day + light. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Deegeslucht, Daisljoacht (“daylight”), West Frisian deiljocht (“daylight”), Dutch daglicht (“daylight”), German Tageslicht (“daylight”).

(architecture) To provide sources of natural illumination such as skylights or windows.