scalene

scalenes (plural)
scalenus (alternative)

Borrowed from Late Latin scalēnus (“of unequal sides”), from Ancient Greek σκᾰληνός (skălēnós, “uneven, unequal”).


masseter

Borrowed from New Latin massētēr. Compare French masséter.

(anatomy) The large muscle which runs through the rear part of the cheek from the temporal bone to the lower jaw on each side, raises the lower jaw, and assists in mastication.


oblique

From Middle French oblique, from Latin oblīquus (also spelled oblīcus) (“slanting, sideways, indirect, envious”).

uder

(exercise) The musculus obliquus externus abdominis or also obliquus internus abdominis.


diaphragm

/ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/

From Middle English diafragma, Ancient Greek διάφραγμα (diáphragma, “partition”), from διά (diá, “across”) and φράγμα (phrágma, “barrier”), from the verb φράσσω (phrássō). First attested in the late 14th century.

der

(anatomy) In mammals, a sheet of muscle separating the thorax from the abdomen, contracted and relaxed in respiration to draw air into and expel air from the lungs; also called thoracic diaphragm.

diafragmë

anatomy: sheet of muscle separating thorax from abdomen

мембра́на

anatomy: separating membrane or sheet of muscle

(anatomy) Any of various membranes or sheets of muscle or ligament which separate one cavity from another.

A contraceptive device consisting of a flexible cup, used to cover the cervix during intercourse.

(optics, photography) A thin opaque structure with a central aperture, used to limit the passage of light into a camera or similar device.

диафра́гма

optics: structure with a central aperture used to limit the passage of light


diaphragm

en-verb

diaphragm (third-person singular simple present diaphragms, present participle diaphragming, simple past and past participle diaphragmed)

diaphragms (present singular third-person)
diaphragming (participle present)
diaphragmed (participle past)
diaphragmed (past)

/ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/

He employs an equatorial with an object-glass having a focal length of five metres, and which was diaphragmed down to eight centimetres.

1870, D. Appleton & Co., Appletons' Annual Cyclopædia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1869, page 43:

(optics, photography) To reduce lens aperture using an optical diaphragm.


tensor

en-noun

tensor (plural tensors or (muscle) tensores)

Borrowed from New Latin tensor (“that which stretches”), equivalent to tense + -or. Anatomical sense from 1704.
Introduced in the 1840s by William Rowan Hamilton as an algebraic quantity unrelated to the modern notion of tensor.
The contemporary mathematical meaning was introduced (as German Tensor) by Woldemar Voigt (1898) and adopted in English from 1915 (in the context of general relativity), obscuring the earlier Hamiltonian sense. The mathematical object is so named because an early application of tensors was the study of materials stretching under tension. (See, for example, Cauchy stress tensor on Wikipedia.Wikipedia)

pedia

(anatomy) A muscle that tightens or stretches a part, or renders it tense.


oblique muscle

oblique muscles (plural)
oblique (alternative)
obliquus (alternative)

(anatomy) A muscle acting in a direction oblique to the mesial plane of the body, or to the associated muscles, applied especially to two muscles of the eyeball.


biceps

en-noun

biceps (plural biceps or bicepses or bicipites)

biceps (plural)
bicepses (plural)
bicipites (plural)

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Latin biceps (“double-headed, two-peaked”), from bis (“double”) + caput (“head”). See there for more details.

der

Today, Stonewall's flexed biceps measure 18 inches around.

1964 Dec, “Muscles are His Business”, in Ebony, volume 20, number 2, page 147:

Biting her lip, she held his biceps for balance and waded farther.

2005, Lisa Plumley, Once Upon a Christmas, page 144:

Odin examined the arm-ring, then pushed it onto his arm, up high on his biceps.

2017, Neil Gaiman, Norse Mythology, Bloomsbury Publishing, page 42:

(informal) The upper arm, especially the collective muscles of the upper arm.


gluteus maximus

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gluteus maximus.wav

To power our forward motion, we have a distinctly gigantic muscle in our buttocks, the gluteus maximus.

2019, Bill Bryson, The Body: A Guide for Occupants, Black Swan (2020), page 205:

(anatomy) The largest of the muscles of each buttock.

臀大肌

the largest of the muscles of each buttock


orbicular

en-adj

orbicular (comparative more orbicular, superlative most orbicular)

more orbicular (comparative)
most orbicular (superlative)

From the Late Latin orbiculāris, from Latin orbiculus, diminutive of orbis (“orb”).

(anatomy, not comparable) Of a muscle, surrounding an opening; compare orbicularis.


tarsal

From tarsus + -al, cognate to New Latin tarsālis.


myology

/mʌɪˈɒlədʒi/

Examination of the myology of the Comephoridae, an endemic fish family in Lake Baikal, has revealed their morphological peculiarities.

2000, M. Yabe, V. G. Sideleva, “Myological peculiarities of the comephoridae: an endeimc fish taxon in Lake Baikal (Pisces: Teleostei)”, in K. Minoura, editor, Lake Baikal: A Mirror in Time and Space for Understanding Global Change Processes, page 306:

Given this, there is an urgent need for detailed compared behavioural and anatomical studies of dasyurids, especially focused on osteology, myology and arthrology.

2003, Christian de Muizon, Christine Argot, “Chapter 4: Comparative anatomy of the Tiupampa didelphimorphs; an approach to locomotory habits of early marsupials”, in Menna Jones, Mike Archer, Chris Dickman, editors, Predators with Pouches: The Biology of Carnivorous Marsupials, page 61:

He greets me as if I'd been waiting all my life to learn the secrets of Bovine Myology and Muscle Profiling.

2008, Betty Harper Fussell, Raising Steaks: The Life and Times of American Beef, page 210:

(anatomy) The physiological study of muscles.


sphincter

en-noun

sphincter (plural sphincters or sphincteres)

sphincters (plural)
sphincteres (plural)

Etymology tree
Late Latin sphinctērlbor.
English sphincter
Learned borrowing from Late Latin sphinctēr (“the muscle of the anus”), from Ancient Greek σφῐγκτήρ (sphĭnktḗr, “lace, band; contractile muscle”), ultimately of Pre-Greek origin. Possibly related to sphinx (“the strangler”).

der

the sphincter of the bladder

the iris sphincter in the eye

She decided that she would force him to climax first by the sheer strength of her young animal control, the strength of her sphincters […]

1982, Lawrence Durrell, Constance (The Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, page 836:

(anatomy) A ringlike band of muscle that surrounds a bodily opening (such as the anus or the openings of the stomach), constricting and relaxing as required for normal physiological functioning.


flexor

flexors (plural)
flector (alternative dated)

From New Latin flexor, agent noun of flectō (“I bend”).

Starting at the point of shoulder, use muscle squeezings, picking-ups, kneadings and gentle frictions, interspersed with effleurages, over the triceps muscle as well as the fleshy part of the flexor and extensor muscle groups.

2004, Jean-Pierre Hourdebaigt, Canine Massage: A Complete Reference Manual:

A muscle whose contraction acts to bend a joint or limb.


biceps brachii

en-noun

biceps brachii (plural biceps brachiorum or biceps brachii)

biceps brachiorum (plural)
biceps brachii (plural)

Ellipsis of musculus biceps brachii (“two-headed muscle of the arm”).


obliquus

(anatomy) An obliquus muscle; a muscle running obliquely.


longus

Borrowed from New Latin longus (“long”), clipping of musculus longus (“long muscle”).


deltoid

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-deltoid.wav

From Latin deltoideus, which was in turn from Ancient Greek adjective δελτοειδής (deltoeidḗs). See also: δέλτα (délta), the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet.

(anatomy) The deltoid muscle, a triangular muscle on the human shoulder.


cardiac muscle

en-noun

cardiac muscle (countable and uncountable, plural cardiac muscles)

(anatomy, cardiology) The striated and involuntary muscle of the vertebrate heart.


skeletal muscle

skeletal muscle (countable and uncountable, plural skeletal muscles)

(anatomy) The voluntary muscle of vertebrates, which is striated and anchored by tendons to bone and is used to effect skeletal movement such as locomotion.


smooth muscle

smooth muscle (countable and uncountable, plural smooth muscles)

(anatomy) Involuntary muscle which is found within the intestines, throat, uterus, and blood vessel walls.


voluntary muscle

voluntary muscle (plural voluntary muscles)

(anatomy) Muscle that is normally controlled by individual volition; skeletal muscle.


involuntary muscle

involuntary muscle (countable and uncountable, plural involuntary muscles)

(anatomy) A muscle that is not controlled by individual volition, e.g., cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.


myologic

From Greek myo- "muscle" and -logy "study (of)".


arytenoid

/ˌæɹ.əˈtiˌnɔɪd/

/əˈɹɪt.n̩ˌɔɪd/

Borrowed from New Latin arytaenoīdēs (“ladle-shaped”), from Ancient Greek ᾰ̓ρῠταινοειδής (ărŭtainoeidḗs), from ᾰ̓ρύ̆ταινᾰ (ărú̆taină, “a ladle or cup”) + -ο- (-o-) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

bor

ᾰ̓ρῠταινοειδής

af

(anatomy) Relating to or being an arytenoid muscle.


arytenoid

arytenoids (plural)
arytaenoid (alternative UK)

/ˌæɹ.əˈtiˌnɔɪd/

/əˈɹɪt.n̩ˌɔɪd/

bor

ᾰ̓ρῠταινοειδής

arytenoid muscle
arytenoid muscle#English


rhomboid

rhomboids (plural)
rhomboides (alternative)

Any of several muscles that control the shoulders


scalene muscle

scalene muscles (plural)
scalene (alternative)
scalenus (alternative)

(anatomy) Any of usually three deeply situated muscles on each side of the neck of which each extends from the transverse processes of two or more cervical vertebrae to the first or second rib.


cremaster

From Ancient Greek κρεμαστήρ (kremastḗr, “suspender”).

uder

(anatomy) A thin muscle attached to the testicles.


iliopsoas

en-noun

iliopsoas (plural iliopsoases or iliopsoai)

Look at those iliopsoases working!

5. Muscle tightness: Inflexibility of the hamstrings, the iliotibial tracts, and iliopsoai tends to aggravate lower backache.

1998, Richard Irvin, Duane Iversen, Steven Roy, Sports Medicine: Prevention, Assessment, Management, and Rehabilitation of Athletic Injuries, 2nd edition, Boston: Allyn & Bacon, →ISBN, page 317:

(anatomy) A compound muscle composed of the iliac and psoas muscles.


gracilis

From Latin gracilis (“slender”). Doublet of gracile.

(anatomy) A slender superficial muscle of the inner thigh.


rectus

Borrowed from Latin rēctus (“straight, upright”), clipping of mūsculus rēctus (“straight muscle”).

clipping

rectus abdominis
rectus abdominis#English

(anatomy) Any of several straight muscles in various parts of the body, as of the abdomen, thigh, eye etc.

(anatomy) Any of a number of muscles controlling the movement of the eyeball.


obliques

The good news. Three weeks into the programme I am rediscovering bits of my body I had forgotten existed; biceps, triceps, hamstrings and those funny muscles on the sides of the abdomen called obliques, the toning of which is supposed to eliminate the love handle.

2017 November 16, Jo Ellison, “Help: the gym has turned us into slobs”, in Financial Times:

Collectively, the abdominal muscles responsible for rotation of the trunk.


brachialis

Borrowed from Latin bracchialis, brachialis. Doublet of brachial.

(anatomy) A muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint, in conjunction with the biceps brachii.


psoas

en-noun

psoas (plural psoae or psoai or psoas or psoases)

psoae (plural)
psoai (plural)
psoas (plural)
psoases (plural)

From Ancient Greek ψόας (psóas, “of the muscle of the loins”), genitive singular of ψόα (psóa).

der

(anatomy) Either of two muscles, the psoas major and psoas minor, involved in flexion of the trunk.


constrictor

en-noun

constrictor (plural constrictors or constrictores)

constrictors (plural)
constrictores (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-constrictor.wav

Borrowed from New Latin cōnstrictor, or from constrict + -or.

(anatomy) A muscle whose contraction narrows a vessel or passage or compresses an organ.

pharyngeal constrictor
pharyngeal constrictor#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of pharyngeal constrictor (“each of the muscles which constrict the pharynx”).


gastrocnemius

1670s, borrowed from New Latin gastrocnēmius, from Ancient Greek γαστροκνημία (gastroknēmía, “calf of the leg”), from γαστήρ (gastḗr, “paunch, belly”) + κνήμη (knḗmē, “leg”).

der

γαστροκνημία

affix

The muscle at the back of the calf, whose insertion is the Achilles tendon at the heel.


vastus

From Latin vastus (“vast, immense, enormous, huge, monstrous”). Doublet of vast.

der

(anatomy) One of the great muscles upon the front of the thigh.


geniohyoid

/d͡ʒɪˌnʌɪ.ə(ʊ)ˈhʌɪ.ɔɪd/

/d͡ʒɪˌniː.ə(ʊ)ˈhʌɪ.ɔɪd/

Borrowed from New Latin genīohyoīdeus, clipping of musculus genīohyoīdeus; from Ancient Greek γένειον (géneion, “the chin”) + Latin hyoīdēs (“U-shaped”) + Latin -eus (adjectival suffix); equivalent to genio- (“relating to the chin”) + hyoid.

af

(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the geniohyoid muscle.


depressor

en-noun

depressor (plural depressors or (muscle) depressores)

depressors (plural)
depressores (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-depressor.wav

(anatomy) Any of several muscles whose contraction pulls down a part of the body.


procerus

proceri (plural)
proceruses (plural)
procerus nasi (alternative)

/pɹəʊˈsɛə.ɹəs/

Borrowed from Latin prōcērus (“high, tall, long”), clipping of mūsculus prōcērus (“tall muscle”).

clipping

(anatomy) A roughly triangular facial muscle that arises from the fascia of the nasal bone and a cartilage in the side of the nose and inserts into the skin between the eyebrows, drawing down the medial part of the eyebrow and the skin of the forehead.


lumbrical

lumbricals of the foot
lumbricals of the hand

From New Latin lumbricalis, from lumbricus (“intestinal worm, earthworm”) + -alis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

af

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">-al</i>

(anatomy) Any of the four small muscles of the palm of the hand that arise from tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus, are inserted at the base of the digit to which the tendon passes, and flex the proximal phalanx and extend the two distal phalanges of each finger.

(anatomy) Any of four small muscles of the foot homologous to the lumbricals of the hand that arise from tendons of the flexor digitorum longus and are inserted into the first phalanges of the four small toes of which they flex the proximal phalanges and extend the two distal phalanges.


muscle fiber

en-noun

muscle fiber (countable and uncountable, plural muscle fibers)

muscle fibers (plural)
muscle fibre (alternative)

(anatomy) A single cell of a muscle; each muscle fiber contains many myofibrils, the contractile unit of muscles.


myofibril

(anatomy) Any of the cylindrical organelles, found within muscle cells, that are the contractile unit of muscles.


omohyoid

/əʊ.məʊˈhʌɪ.ɔɪd/

Borrowing from New Latin ōmohȳoīdēs, from Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos, “shoulder”) + Latin hȳoīdēs (“U-shaped”); equivalent to omo- + hyoid. Doublet of omohyoideus.


gluteus

gluteuses (plural)
glutei (plural)
glutæus (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gluteus.wav

From New Latin glūtæus, from Ancient Greek γλουτός (gloutós, “rump, buttock”).

der

(anatomy) Any of the several muscles of the nates, each of which arises from the pelvis and inserts into a femur.

бедрен мускул

(anatomy) one of the several muscles of nates


soleus

Clipping of musculus soleus, a relative adjective to Latin solum.

At one, three, six, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours' postburn period, the bilateral soleus muscles were removed and immediately incubated in Kreb-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer […]

1995, Kiyonori Harii, Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, page 488:

A broad, flat muscle that extends behind the gastrocnemius along the back of the calf.


psoas major

(anatomy) The psoas muscle involved in the flexion of the trunk and thigh.


xiphihumeralis

The tendon of the xiphihumeralis is also connected with its inner surface near its insertion.

1901, Jacob Ellsworth Reighard, Herbert Spencer Jennings, Anatomy of the cat (2nd edition), H. Holt and Company, page 147:

The xiphihumeralis muscle (M. xiphihumeralis) is the fourth muscle the pectoralis group ^([sic]). It originates from the xiphoid process of the sternum and inserts on the humerus (hence the name xiphihumeralis).

2003, Phillip E. Cochran, Laboratory manual for comparative veterinary anatomy and physiology, Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 144:

A long, flat strip of pectoral muscle comprising a band of parallel fibres, found in felines.


genioglossus

genioglossi (plural)
geniohyoglossus (alternative)

/d͡ʒɪˌnʌɪ.əˈɡlɒs.əs/

Borrowed from New Latin genīoglōssus, clipping of musculus genīoglōssus (“genioglossal muscle”).

clipping

(anatomy) A flat, fan-shaped muscle that originates from the superior mental spine and inserts onto the undersurface of the tongue and onto the hyoid bone, acting mainly to extend, protrude or depress the tongue.


vocalis

Borrowed from Latin vōcālis (“sounding, vocal”), clipping of mūsculus vōcālis (“vocal muscle”). Doublet of vocal and vowel.

thyroarytenoid muscle
thyroarytenoid muscle

(anatomy) A triangular band of muscle that is the medial part of the thyroarytenoid muscle, originates in the lamina of the thyroid cartilage, and inserts into the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage; it lies parallel with the vocal ligament to which it is adherent and modulates the tension of the true vocal cords.


buccinator

en-noun

buccinator (plural buccinators or buccinatores)

buccinators (plural)
buccinatores (plural)
bucinator (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin buccinātor (“trumpeter”), from buccinō (“blow the trumpet”) + -tor (“-ator, -er”).

af

Until now there has been no definitive anatomical study describing the area where the parotid duct enters the buccinator muscle.

What a language it is, with all the organs of speech in loud concert - tongue, teeth, and tonsils, lips and larynx, buccinator and schnozzola!

1961, Xavier Herbert, Soldiers' Women, Netley, SA: Fontana Books, published 1978, page 109:

(anatomy) A thin broad muscle forming the wall of the cheek.


biceps femoris

en-noun

biceps femoris (plural biceps femorum or biceps femoris)

biceps femorum (plural)
biceps femoris (plural)

(anatomy) The flexor of the knee, a two-headed muscle in the back of the upper leg.


occipitofrontalis

Borrowed from New Latin occipitofrontālis, clipping of mūsculus occipitofrontālis (“occipitofrontal muscle”). Doublet of occipitofrontal.

clipping

epicranial aponeurosis
epicranial aponeurosis

(anatomy) A large flat muscle on each side of the vertex of the skull, consisting of an occipital portion (arising from the occipital and temporal bones) and a frontal portion that are separated by the epicranial aponeurosis, and serving to draw the scalp backwards, raising the eyebrows and wrinkling the forehead.


occipitalis

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin occipitālis, ellipsis of mūsculus occipitālis (“occipital muscle”). Doublet of occipital.

ellipsis

(anatomy) A muscle of the head that arises from the lateral two-thirds of the superior nuchal lines and from the mastoid part of the temporal bone, inserts into the galea aponeurotica, and acts to move the scalp; it is sometimes considered to be part of the occipitofrontalis muscle.


frontalis

Borrowed from New Latin frontālis, clipping of mūsculus frontālis (“frontal muscle”). Doublet of frontal.

clipping

(anatomy) A muscle of the forehead, sometimes considered to be part of the occipitofrontalis muscle.


orbicularis oculi

en-noun

orbicularis oculi (plural orbiculares oculorum)

/ɔːˌbɪk.jʊˈlɑː.ɹɪs ˈɒk.jʊ.lʌɪ/

/ɔɹˌbɪk.jəˌlɛɹ.ɪs ˈɑk.jəˌlaɪ/

Borrowed from New Latin orbiculāris oculī, clipping of mūsculus orbiculāris oculī (“orbicular muscle of the eye”).

clipping

(anatomy) A muscle of the face that encircles the orbit and passes through the eyelids, serving to close the eye.


corrugator supercilii

en-noun

corrugator supercilii (plural corrugatores superciliorum)

Borrowed from New Latin corrūgātor superciliī (“wrinkler of the eyebrow”).

bor

(anatomy) A small narrow pyramidal muscle at the medial end of the eyebrow.


depressor supercilii

An eye muscle, usually considered to be part of the orbicularis oculi.


levator palpebrae superioris

en-noun

levator palpebrae superioris (plural levatores palpebrarum superiorum)

levatores palpebrarum superiorum (plural)

Borrowed from New Latin levātor palpebrae superiōris (“lifter of the superior eyelid”).

bor

(anatomy) A thin flat extrinsic muscle of the eye arising from the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, passing forward and downward over the superior rectus, and inserting into the tarsal plate of the skin of the upper eyelid which it elevates.


superior rectus

superior recti (plural)
superior rectus muscle (alternative)
rectus superior (alternative)

(anatomy) The thinnest and narrowest of the four extraocular muscles of the eyeball in the orbit, which arises from the border of the optic foramen and inserts into the superior aspect of the sclera.


inferior rectus

inferior recti (plural)
inferior rectus muscle (alternative)
rectus inferior (alternative)

(anatomy) One of the four extraocular muscles of the eyeball in the orbit, which arises from the border of the optic foramen and inserts into the inferior aspect of the sclera.


medial rectus

medial recti (plural)
medial rectus muscle (alternative)
rectus medialis (alternative)

(anatomy) The broadest of the four extraocular muscles of the eyeball in the orbit, which arises from the border of the optic foramen and inserts into the medial aspect of the sclera.


lateral rectus

lateral recti (plural)
lateral rectus muscle (alternative)
rectus lateralis (alternative)

(anatomy) The longest of the four extraocular muscles of the eyeball in the orbit, which arises by two heads from the border of the optic foramen and inserts into the lateral aspect of the sclera.


superior oblique

en-noun

superior oblique (plural superior obliques)

superior oblique muscle
superior oblique muscle#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of superior oblique muscle.


inferior oblique

inferior oblique (plural inferior obliques)

inferior oblique muscle
inferior oblique muscle#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of inferior oblique muscle.


ciliary muscle

a muscle controlling the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances


iris dilator muscle

iris dilator muscle (plural iris dilator muscles)

A muscle of the eye, serving to dilate the iris.


auricular muscle

auricular muscle (plural auricular muscles)

(anatomy) Alternative form of auricularis.


anterior auricular muscle

anterior auricular muscle (plural anterior auricular muscles)

auricularis anterior
auricularis anterior#English

(anatomy) Alternative form of auricularis anterior.


superior auricular muscle

superior auricular muscle (plural superior auricular muscles)

auricularis superior
auricularis superior#English

(anatomy) Alternative form of auricularis superior.


posterior auricular muscle

posterior auricular muscle (plural posterior auricular muscles)

auricularis posterior
auricularis posterior#English

(anatomy) Alternative form of auricularis posterior.


stapedius

Borrowed from New Latin stapedius, clipping of mūsculus stapedius (“stapedial muscle”). Doublet of stapedial.

clipping

(anatomy) A small muscle of the middle ear that arises from the wall of the tympanum and is inserted into the neck of the stapes by a tendon that sometimes contains a slender spine of bone; it is the smallest skeletal muscle in the human body, serving to stabilize the stapes to check and dampen its vibration.


tensor tympani

en-noun

tensor tympani (plural tensores tympanorum)

Borrowed from New Latin tensor tympanī (“tensor of the tympanum”).

bor

(anatomy) A small muscle of the middle ear that is located in the bony canal just above the bony part of the Eustachian tube, that arises from the canal containing it, from the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube, and from the adjacent greater wing of the sphenoid bone, that is inserted by a long tendon into the manubrium of the malleus near its base, and that serves to adjust the tension of the tympanic membrane.


nasalis

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin nāsālis, ellipsis of mūsculus nāsālis (“nasal muscle”). Doublet of nasal.

ellipsis

(anatomy) A small muscle on each side of the nose that constricts the nasal aperture by the action of a triangular transverse portion which draws the lateral part of the aperture upward and a quadrangular alar portion which draws it downward.


depressor septi

en-noun

depressor septi (plural depressores septi)

depressor septi nasi
depressor septi nasi#English

(anatomy) Clipping of depressor septi nasi.


levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi (plural levatores labii superioris alarumque nasi)

/lɪˈveɪ.tɚ ˌleɪ.biˌaɪ sʊˌpɪɹ.iˈɔɹ.ɪs əˌliˌkwi ˈneɪˌzaɪ/

Borrowed from New Latin levātor labiī superiōris ālaeque nāsī (“lifter of the upper lip and of the wing of the nose”).

bor

(anatomy) A muscle of the face that arises from the nasal process of the maxilla, that passes downward and laterally, that divides into a part inserting into the alar cartilage and one inserting into the upper lip and that dilates the nostril and elevates the upper lip.

muscolo elevatore del labbro superiore e dell'ala del naso


caninus muscle

muscolo elevatore dell'angolo della bocca


triangularis muscle

en-noun

triangularis muscle (plural triangularis muscles)

A facial muscle of the mouth, associated with frowning.

muscolo depressore dell'angolo della bocca


latissimus dorsi

latissimus dorsi (plural latissimi dorsi)

From Latin lātissimus (“widest, broadest”) (superlative of lātus (“wide, broad”)) + dorsī (genitive of dorsum (“the back”)).

(anatomy) A large, flat, dorsolateral muscle on the trunk, posterior to the arm, and partly covered by the trapezius on its median dorsal region.


mirach

From Medieval Latin mirac, mirach, from Arabic مَرَقّ (maraqq, “delicate and sensible part of the venter”), from رَقَّ (raqqa, “to be soft”).

der

Gordonius[…]confirms as much, putting the “matter of melancholy sometimes in the stomach, liver, heart, brain, spleen, myrach, hypochondries, whenas the melancholy humour resides there, or the liver is not well cleansed from melancholy blood.”

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition I, section 2, member 5, subsection ii:

(medicine, obsolete) The abdominal wall.


digastric

Borrowing from New Latin digastricus, from di- (“twice, doubly”) + gastricus (“gastric”); equivalent to di- + gastric. Doublet of digastricus.

af

the digastric muscle of the lower jaw

(anatomy) Of, relating to, or being a digastric muscle.


digastric

digastric muscle
digastric muscle#English


sternocleidomastoid muscle

en-noun

sternocleidomastoid muscle (plural sternocleidomastoid muscles)

sternocleidomastoid muscles (plural)
sternocleidomastoid (alternative)
sternocleidomastoideus (alternative)

(anatomy) A long thick superficial muscles on each side of the anterior neck which arises by one head from the first segment of the sternum and by a second from the inner part of the clavicle, that inserts into the mastoid process of the temporal bone and that acts especially to bend, flex, rotate and extend the head.


trochlear

trochlears (plural)
trochleary (alternative)

The two trochlears decussate in the anterior medullary velum.

1949, Herbert Eugene Walter, Leonard Perkins Sayles, Biology of the Vertebrates: A Comparative Study of Man and His Animal Allies, page 741:

At 90° of flexion, the patella enters the condylar fossa, where the contact areas are on both the lateral and medial trochlears of the femur.

2014, Joanne K. Singleton, Robert V. DiGregorio, Carol Green-Hernandez, Primary Care, Second Edition: An Interprofessional Perspective, →ISBN, page 593:

Using three-dimensional printing, they replaced the native trochlear in four cadaveric knees with dysplastic trochlears and then subjected them to squat simulation, open chain extension, and a patella stability test.

2017, W. Norman Scott, Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee, 6th edition, →ISBN, page 917:

(anatomy, neuroanatomy) A trochlear muscle or nerve.


piriformis

piriformes (plural)
pyriformis (alternative)

/ˌpɪ.ɹɪˈfɔː.mɪs/

/ˌpɪɹ.əˈfɔɹ.mɪs/

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin pirifōrmis, ellipsis of mūsculus pirifōrmis (“pear-shaped muscle”). Doublet of piriform.

ellipsis

sacrotuberous ligament
sacrotuberous ligament

greater sciatic foramen
greater sciatic foramen

(anatomy, zootomy) A gluteal muscle which arises from the front of the sacrum and the ischium or sacrotuberous ligament, passes out of the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen, and inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur, serving in humans to rotate the thigh laterally.


scalenus

(anatomy) Alternative form of scalene muscle.


temporalis

Borrowed from Late Latin temporālis (“of or belonging to the temples of the head”), ellipsis of mūsculus temporālis (“the temporal muscle”). Doublet of temporal.

ellipsis

(anatomy) A fan-shaped muscle which arises from the surface of the temporal fossa and converges to an aponeurosis which contracts into a thick flat tendon inserted into the coronoid process of the mandible; it serves to raise the lower jaw and is involved in closing the mouth and chewing.


platysma

en-noun

platysma (plural platysmas or platysmata)

Borrowed from New Latin platysma, from Ancient Greek πλᾰ́τῠσμᾰ (plắtŭsmă, “flat object”), from πλᾰτῠ́νω (plătŭ́nō, “widen”) + -μᾰ (-mă, “nominal suffix”).

af

(anatomy) A superficial muscle of the human neck that overlaps the sternocleidomastoid.


sternocleidomastoid

Borrowed from New Latin sternocleidomastoīdēs, from Latin sternum (“the breastbone”) + Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “the collarbone”) + Latin mastoīdēs (“like a breast”), equivalent to sterno- + cleido- + mastoid.

sternocleidomastoid muscle
sternocleidomastoid muscle#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of sternocleidomastoid muscle.


zygomaticus

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin zygomaticus, clipping of mūsculus zygomaticus (“zygomatic muscle”). Doublet of zygomatic.

clipping

(anatomy) One of several small subcutaneous facial muscles arising from or in relation with the zygomatic bone.


tibialis

Either of two muscles that attach to the tibia.

säärilihas

Either of the two muscles that attach to the tibia


orbitalis

Borrowed from New Latin orbitālis, clipping of mūsculus orbitālis (“orbital muscle”). Doublet of orbital.

(anatomy) A muscle that controls protrusion of the eyeball.


erector spinae

en-noun

erector spinae (plural erectores spinae)

The erector spinae are all innervated by lateral branches of the posterior primary divisions (dorsal rami) of the nearby spinal nerves and are covered posteriorly in the thoracic and lumbar regions by the thoracolumbar fascia.

2005, Gregory D. Cramer, Basic and Clinical Anatomy of the Spine, Spinal Cord, and ANS:

(anatomy) The group of muscles of the back responsible for erect posture of the vertebral column.


evertor

(anatomy) A muscle that everts or turns outward.


palatopharyngeal

From New Latin palātopharyngeus + -al, from palātum (“the palate”) + pharyngeus (“of or relating to the pharynx”), equivalent to palato- + pharyngeal. Doublet of palatopharyngeus.

af

(anatomy) Obsolete form of palatopharyngeus.


palatoglossal

From palato- (“relating to the palate”) + glossal.

(anatomy, rare) Alternative form of palatoglossus.


palatoglossus

palatoglossi (plural)
palatoglossal (alternative)

Borrowed from New Latin palātoglōssus, clipping of mūsculus palātoglōssus (“palatoglossal muscle”).

clipping

(anatomy) A small fleshy muscle, narrower in the middle than at either end, that arises from the soft palate on each side, contributes to the structure of the palatoglossal arch of the fauces, and is inserted into the side and dorsum of the tongue; it serves to raise the back of the tongue and constrict the fauces.


auricularis

auriculares (plural)
auricular muscle (alternative)

/ɔˌɹɪk.jəˈlæɹ.ɪs/

/ɔˌɹɪk.jəˈlɑɹ.ɪs/

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin auriculāris, ellipsis of musculus auriculāris (“auricular muscle”). Doublet of auricular.

ubor

(anatomy) Any of three muscles attaching the cartilage of the external ear to the skull.


mentalis

Learned borrowing from New Latin mentālis, ellipsis of musculus mentālis (“the chin muscle”).

ellipsis

(anatomy) A paired central muscle of the lower lip, situated at the tip of the chin; it originates in the incisive fossa of the mandible, inserts in the skin of the chin, and raises the chin and pushes up the lower lip.


splenius

splenii (plural)
splenius muscle (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin splēnius, from splēnium (“a plaster, patch”) + -ius (adjectival suffix).

af

He caressed and parted [...] her lank loose, nearly lumbus-length (when she threw her head back as now) black silks as he tried to get at her bed-warm splenius.

1969, Владимир Набоков, Ada or Ardor, Penguin 2011, page 89:

(anatomy) Either of two flat oblique muscles which are attached to the vertebrae on each side of the neck and upper thoracic region and which draw back the head.


brachioradialis

(anatomy) A muscle that flexes the forearm at the elbow.

الْعَضَلَة الْعَضُدِيَّة الْكُعْبُرُيَّة


salpingopharyngeus

Borrowed from New Latin salpingopharyngeus, clipping of mūsculus salpingopharyngeus (“salpingopharyngeal muscle”).

clipping

(anatomy) A muscle of the pharynx that arises from the inferior part of the Eustachian tube near its opening and passes downward to the constrictors of the pharynx, joining the posterior part of the palatopharyngeus.


hyoglossus

Borrowed from New Latin hyoglōssus, clipping of musculus hyoglōssus (“hyoglossal muscle”).

The Muscles of the Tongue are: the Genio-hyoglossus, which is the protruder; — the Hyoglossus, which is the depressor or retractor, or muscle which draws the tongue in; […]

1895, Edmond Souchon, Resume of Lectures on Anatomy, page 10:

(anatomy) A flat muscle on either side of the tongue, connecting it with the body and the thyrohyal of the hyoid bone.


thyroarytenoid

thyroarytenoids (plural)
thyroarytaenoid (alternative UK)
thyroarytenoideus (alternative)

/ˌθaɪ.ɹoʊˌæɹ.əˈti.nɔɪd/

Borrowed from New Latin thyreoarytaenoīdēs, from thyreoīdēs (“shield-shaped”) + arytaenoīdēs (“ladle-shaped”); equivalent to thyro- + arytenoid. Doublet of thyroarytenoideus.

af

thyroarytenoid muscle
thyroarytenoid muscle#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of thyroarytenoid muscle.


thyrohyoid

/ˌθaɪ.ɹoʊˈhaɪˌɔɪd/

Borrowed from New Latin thyreohȳoīdēs, from thyreoīdēs (“shield-shaped”) + hȳoīdēs (“U-shaped”); equivalent to thyro- + hyoid. Doublet of thyrohyoideus.

thyrohyoid muscle
thyrohyoid muscle#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of thyrohyoid muscle.


cricothyroid

cricothyroids (plural)
cricothyroideus (alternative)

/ˌkɹʌɪ.kə(ʊ)ˈθʌɪ.ɹɔɪd/

/ˌkɹaɪ.koʊˈθaɪˌɹɔɪd/

cricothyroid muscle
cricothyroid muscle#English

(anatomy) Clipping of cricothyroid muscle.


orbicularis

/ɔːˌbɪk.jʊˈlɑː.ɹɪs/

/ɔɹˌbɪk.jəˈlɛɹ.ɪs/

Borrowed from New Latin orbiculāris, clipping of mūsculus orbiculāris (“orbicular muscle”). Doublet of orbicular.

clipping

(anatomy) A muscle surrounding an opening.


anconeus

anconei (plural)
anconaeus (alternative)
anconæus (alternative)

From New Latin anconaeus, which is itself derived from an adjective formation **ἀγκωναῖος (**ankōnaîos) of Ancient Greek ἀγκών (ankṓn).

(anatomy) A muscle of the elbow and forearm.


corrugator

en-noun

corrugator (plural corrugators or corrugatores)

corrugators (plural)
corrugatores (plural)

/ˈkɔɹ.əˌɡeɪ.tɚ/

corrugator supercilii
corrugator supercilii#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of corrugator supercilii.

corrugator cutis ani
corrugator cutis ani#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of corrugator cutis ani.


sternothyroid

/ˌstɝ.noʊˈθaɪˌɹɔɪd/

Borrowed from New Latin sternothyreoīdēs, from sternum (“the breastbone”) + -o- + thyreoīdēs (“shield-shaped”); equivalent to sterno- + thyroid. Doublet of sternothyroideus.

af

sternothyroid muscle
sternothyroid muscle#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of sternothyroid muscle.


mylohyoid

/ˌmʌɪ.lə(ʊ)ˈhʌɪ.ɔɪd/

Borrowed from New Latin mylohȳoīdēs, from Ancient Greek μῠ́λη (mŭ́lē, “a molar”) + Latin hȳoīdēs (“U-shaped”); equivalent to mylo- (“molar”) + hyoid.

mylohyoid muscle
mylohyoid muscle#English


sternohyoid

Borrowed from New Latin sternohȳoīdēs, from sternum (“the breastbone”) + -o- + hȳoīdēs (“U-shaped”); equivalent to sterno- + hyoid. Doublet of sternohyoideus.

sternohyoid muscle
sternohyoid muscle#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of sternohyoid muscle.


stylohyoid

Borrowed from New Latin stylohȳoīdēs, from stylus (“a stake or pale”) + -o- + hȳoīdēs (“U-shaped”); equivalent to stylo- + hyoid. Doublet of stylohyoideus.

stylohyoid muscle
stylohyoid muscle#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of stylohyoid muscle.


striated muscle

en-noun

striated muscle (usually uncountable, plural striated muscles)

Muscle tissue that appears striped under the microscope as a result of the myofibrils being organized into regular units (sarcomeres).

橫紋肌 /横纹肌

muscle tissue that appears striped under the microscope


risorius

/ɹɪˈsɔː.ɹi.əs/

/ɹɪˈzɔː.ɹi.əs/

Borrowed from Late Latin rīsōrius (“ridiculous, laughing”), clipping of mūsculus rīsōrius (“laughing muscle”).

clipping

(anatomy) A narrow band of facial muscle arising from the fascia over the masseter and inserting into the tissues at the corner of the mouth, which it draws laterally, as is used when smiling.


palatopharyngeus

palatopharyngei (plural)
palatopharyngeal (alternative)

Borrowed from Late Latin palātopharyngeus, clipping of mūsculus palātopharyngeus (“palatopharyngeal muscle”). Doublet of palatopharyngeal.

palatopharyngeal arch
palatopharyngeal arch

(anatomy) A long, fleshy longitudinal muscle, narrower in the middle than at either end, that arises from the soft palate, contributes with the mucous membrane covering its surface to the structure of the palatopharyngeal arch, and is inserted into the thyroid cartilage and the wall of the pharynx; it serves to constrict the fauces and draw the larynx and pharynx upwards.


fibularis

Borrowed from New Latin fībulāris, clipping of mūsculus fībulāris (“fibular muscle”).


semimembranosus

(anatomy) A muscle in the back of the thigh; the most medial of the three hamstring muscles (meaning it is more to the inner of the thighs, not between the two others in one leg, which is the semitendinosus).


temporoparietalis

(anatomy) A muscle connecting the temporal fascia with the ear.


sternothyroideus

Borrowed from New Latin sternothyroīdeus, clipping of mūsculus sternothyroīdeus (“sternothyroid muscle”). Doublet of sternothyroid.

(anatomy) Alternative form of sternothyroid muscle.


mylohyoideus

Borrowed from New Latin mylohȳoīdeus, clipping of musculus mylohȳoīdeus (“mylohyoid muscle”).


pterygoideus

/ˌtɛɹ.əˈɡɔɪ.di.əs/

Borrowed from New Latin pterygoīdeus, clipping of musculus pterygoīdeus (“pterygoid muscle”).

pterygoid muscle
pterygoid muscle#English

(anatomy) Alternative form of pterygoid muscle.


arrector pili

en-noun

arrector pili (plural arrectores pilorum)

(anatomy) Any of the small muscles attached to hair follicles in mammals, the contraction of which causes the hairs to stand on end.


aryepiglotticus

(anatomy) A muscle of the larynx running in the aryepiglottic fold from the arytenoid cartilage to the epiglottis.


peroneus

peronei (plural)
peronaeus (alternative)

Borrowed from Late Latin peroneus, clipping of mūsculus peroneus (“peroneal muscle”).

clipping

(anatomy) Any of several muscles of the lateral side of the leg, which arise from the fibula and act to move the foot.


semispinalis

semispinalis cervicis
semispinalis cervicis

semispinalis capitis
semispinalis capitis

(anatomy) Any of three transversospinalis muscles of the human body: the semispinalis dorsi, semispinalis cervicis, and semispinalis capitis.


transversospinalis

(anatomy) A group of muscles in the human back, used for rotation and extension of the vertebral column, and comprehending the semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores.


omohyoideus

Borrowing from New Latin ōmohȳoīdeus, ellipsis of mūsculus ōmohȳoīdeus (“omohyoid muscle”). Doublet of omohyoid.


digastricus

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin digastricus, ellipsis of mūsculus digastricus (“digastric muscle”). Doublet of digastric.

ellipsis

digastric muscle
digastric muscle#English


chondroglossus

(anatomy) A muscle that arises from the medial side and base of the lesser cornu and contiguous portion of the body of the hyoid bone, and passes directly upward to blend with the intrinsic muscular fibers of the tongue, between the hyoglossus and genioglossus.


subclavius

Borrowed from New Latin subclavius, from sub- (“under”) + clavicula (“collar bone, clavicle”) + -ius (suffix to form an adjective).

affix

(anatomy) A muscle which (in humans) originates from the first costal cartilage and inserts on to the undersurface of the clavicle, acting to elevate the first rib or fix the clavicle.


cricoarytenoid

/ˌkɹaɪ.koʊˌæɹ.əˈtiˌnɔɪd/

/ˌkɹaɪ.koʊ.əˈɹɪt.n̩ˌɔɪd/

From crico- + arytenoid, or borrowed from New Latin cricoarytaenoīdēs.

cricoarytaenoid (alternative UK)
crico-arytænoid (alternative obsolete)
cricoarytenoideus (alternative)

cricoarytenoid muscle
cricoarytenoid muscle

(anatomy) Of or relating to the cricoarytenoid muscle.


cricoarytenoid

cricoarytenoids (plural)
cricoarytaenoid (alternative UK)
crico-arytænoid (alternative obsolete)
cricoarytenoideus (alternative)

/ˌkɹaɪ.koʊˌæɹ.əˈtiˌnɔɪd/

/ˌkɹaɪ.koʊ.əˈɹɪt.n̩ˌɔɪd/

cricoarytenoid muscle
cricoarytenoid muscle#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of cricoarytenoid muscle.


cricothyroideus

Borrowed from New Latin cricothyroīdeus, clipping of musculus cricothyroīdeus (“cricothyroid muscle”).

clipping

(anatomy) Alternative form of cricothyroid muscle.


sternocleidomastoideus

Borrowed from New Latin sternocleidomastoīdeus, clipping of mūsculus sternocleidomastoīdeus (“sternocleidomastoid muscle”).

sternocleidomastoid muscle
sternocleidomastoid muscle#English

(anatomy) Alternative form of sternocleidomastoid muscle.


sternohyoideus

Borrowed from New Latin sternohȳoīdeus, clipping of mūsculus sternohȳoīdeus (“sternohyoid muscle”). Doublet of sternohyoid.

(anatomy) Alternative form of sternohyoid muscle.


stylopharyngeus

Borrowed from New Latin stylopharyngeus, clipping of mūsculus stylopharyngeus (“stylopharyngeal muscle”). Doublet of stylopharyngeal.

(anatomy) A slender muscle in the head that arises from the base of the styloid process of the temporal bone, inserts into the side of the pharynx, and acts with the contralateral muscle in swallowing to increase the transverse diameter of the pharynx by drawing its sides upward and laterally.


styloglossus

Borrowed from New Latin styloglōssus, clipping of mūsculus styloglōssus (“styloglossal muscle”).

(anatomy) A small muscle that arises from the styloid process of the temporal bone, inserts along the side and underpart of the tongue, and functions to draw up the sides of the tongue to create a trough for swallowing.


stylohyoideus

Borrowed from New Latin stylohȳoīdeus, clipping of mūsculus stylohȳoīdeus (“stylohyoid muscle”). Doublet of stylohyoid.

(anatomy) Alternative form of stylohyoid muscle.


geniohyoideus

Borrowed from New Latin genīohyoīdeus, clipping of musculus genīohyoīdeus (“geniohyoid muscle”).

geniohyoid muscle
geniohyoid muscle#English

(anatomy) Alternative form of geniohyoid muscle.


thyrohyoideus

Borrowed from New Latin thyreohȳoīdeus, clipping of mūsculus thyreohȳoīdeus (“thyrohyoid muscle”). Doublet of thyrohyoid.

thyrohyoid muscle
thyrohyoid muscle#English

(anatomy) Alternative form of thyrohyoid muscle.


flexor carpi ulnaris

(anatomy) A muscle in the anterior compartment of the human forearm.


iliotrochantericus

For example, the comparatively reduced femoral trochanter and patella of UNSM 20030 would limit the area available for the attachment of several muscles (i.e., the lateral and medial obturatorius, medial and cranial iliotrochantericus, medial femorotibialis, and medial gastrocnemius) crucial to orienting the hindlimb for the power stroke and providing propulsive force during diving [12 ], thus possibly limiting the speed of Fumicollis hoffmani.

2015 November 19, “Identification of a New Hesperornithiform from the Cretaceous Niobrara Chalk and Implications for Ecologic Diversity among Early Diving Birds”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

A muscle, associated with the ilium and the trochanter, in the pelvis of birds


occlusor

(anatomy) A muscle that closes an opening.


gluteus minimus

(anatomy) The smallest of the three gluteal muscles, situated immediately beneath the gluteus medius


gluteus medius

(anatomy) One of the three gluteal muscles, situated on the outer surface of the pelvis.


papillary muscle

en-noun

papillary muscle (plural papillary muscles)

atrioventricular valve
atrioventricular valve

(anatomy) One of several muscles located in the ventricles of the heart and preventing the atrioventricular valves from prolapsing on systole.


pectoral muscle

pectoral muscle (plural pectoral muscles)

Each of the four large paired muscles covering the front of the rib cage and serve to draw the forelimbs toward the chest.


lingualis

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin linguālis, ellipsis of mūsculus linguālis (“lingual muscle”). Doublet of lingual.

ellipsis

(anatomy) A longitudinal band of muscular fibres, situated on the undersurface of the tongue, lying in the interval between the hyoglossus and the geniohyoglossus, and extending from the base to the apex of the organ.


anterior deltoid

en-noun

anterior deltoid (plural anterior deltoids)

(anatomy) The largest of the muscles of each of the front shoulder.

Vorderdeltoideus

the largest of the muscles of the front of the shoulders


arytenoideus

Borrowed from Latin arytēnoīdeus, clipping of musculus arytēnoīdeus (“arytenoid muscle”).

clipping

arytenoid muscle
arytenoid muscle#English

(anatomy, obsolete) Alternative form of arytenoid muscle.


levator labii superioris

en-noun

levator labii superioris (plural levatores labii superioris)

Borrowed from New Latin levātor labiī superiōris (“lifter of the superior lip”).

bor

(anatomy) A facial muscle arising from the lower margin of the orbit and inserting into the muscular substance of the upper lip which it elevates.


profurca

(entomology) A bundle of muscles in the thorax of some insects


Müller's muscle

en-noun

Müller's muscle (plural Müller's muscles)

Named after German anatomist Heinrich Müller (1820–1864).

named-after

superior tarsal muscle
superior tarsal muscle#English

(anatomy)
Synonym of superior tarsal muscle.

The circular fibers of the ciliary muscle.


faradocontractility

The tendency of muscles to contract under the influence of an induced electric current


gluteobiceps

gluteus superficialis
gluteus superficialis

In some animals, the biceps femoris fused to the rear portion of the gluteus superficialis


psoas minor

(anatomy) The psoas muscle involved in the flexion of the trunk, specifically the lumbar vertebral column, located anterior to the psoas major.


auricularis anterior

en-noun

auricularis anterior (plural auriculares anteriores)

auriculares anteriores (plural)
anterior auricular muscle (alternative)

(anatomy) A muscle that arises from the galea aponeurotica, inserts into the helix, and acts to protract the external ear.


auricularis posterior

auricularis posterior (plural auriculares posteriores)

auriculares posteriores (plural)
posterior auricular muscle (alternative)

(anatomy) A muscle that arises from the mastoid process of the temporal bone, inserts into the cranial surface of the concha of the external ear, and acts to retract the external ear.


auricularis superior

auricularis superior (plural auriculares superiores)

auriculares superiores (plural)
superior auricular muscle (alternative)

(anatomy) A muscle that arises from the galea aponeurotica, inserts into the cranial surface of the pinna, and acts to elevate the external ear.


corrugator cutis ani

corrugator cutis ani (plural corrugatores cutis ani)

Borrowed from New Latin corrūgātor cutis ānī (“wrinkler of the skin of the anus”).

bor

(anatomy) A thin stratum of involuntary muscular fiber that radiates from the anus.


digastric muscle

en-noun

digastric muscle (plural digastric muscles)

digastric muscles (plural)
digastric (alternative)
digastricus (alternative)

(anatomy) Either of a pair of muscles having two fleshy ends connected by a tendon that depress the lower jaw and raise the hyoid bone during swallowing.


geniohyoid muscle

geniohyoid muscle (plural geniohyoid muscles)

geniohyoid muscles (plural)
geniohyoid (alternative)
geniohyoideus (alternative)

(anatomy) A narrow muscle situated superior to the medial border of the mylohyoid muscle; it originates from the inferior mental spine on the inner side of the symphysis of the lower jaw, inserts onto the body of the hyoid bone, and acts to raise and draw the hyoid bone forwards and to retract and depress the jaw.


cricoarytenoid muscle

cricoarytenoid muscle (plural cricoarytenoid muscles)

cricoarytenoid muscles (plural)
cricoarytenoid (alternative)
cricoarytenoideus (alternative)

(anatomy) Either of a pair of muscles which originate from the cricoid and insert on to the arytenoid cartilage, and serve to adduct and abduct the vocal folds.


lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (plural lateral cricoarytenoid muscles)

lateral cricoarytenoid muscles (plural)
lateral cricoarytenoid (alternative)
cricoarytenoideus lateralis (alternative)

(anatomy) A muscle of the larynx that arises from the upper margin of the arch of the cricoid cartilage, inserts into the front of the process of the arytenoid cartilage, and helps to narrow the opening of the vocal cords.


posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (plural posterior cricoarytenoid muscles)

posterior cricoarytenoid muscles (plural)
posterior cricoarytenoid (alternative)
cricoarytenoideus posterior (alternative)

(anatomy) A muscle of the larynx that arises from the posterior surface of the lamina of the cricoid cartilage, inserts into the posterior of the process of the arytenoid cartilage, and widens the opening of the vocal cords.


cricoarytenoideus

Borrowed from Latin cricoarytēnoīdeus, clipping of musculus cricoarytēnoīdeus (“cricoarytenoid muscle”).

clipping

(anatomy) Alternative form of cricoarytenoid muscle.


arytenoid muscle

en-noun

arytenoid muscle (plural arytenoid muscles)

arytenoid muscles (plural)
arytenoid (alternative)
arytenoideus (alternative)

(anatomy) Either of a pair of small muscles (oblique) or an unpaired muscle (transverse) of the larynx.


levator anguli oris

levator anguli oris (plural levatores angulorum oris or levatores angulorum orum)

levatores angulorum oris (plural)
levatores angulorum orum (plural)

/lɪˈveɪ.tɚ ˌæŋ.ɡjəˌlaɪ ˈɔɹ.ɪs/

Borrowed from New Latin levātor angulī ōris (“lifter of the angle of the mouth”).

bor

(anatomy) A facial muscle that arises from the maxilla, inclines downward to be inserted into the corner of the mouth, and draws the lips up and back.


levator veli palatini

en-noun

levator veli palatini (plural levatores veli palatini)

Borrowed from New Latin levātor vēlī palātīnī (“lifter of the palatine veil”).

bor

(anatomy) A muscle arising from the temporal bone and the cartilage of the Eustachian tube and descending to insert into the midline of the soft palate which it elevates especially to close the nasopharynx while swallowing is taking place to prevent regurgitation of liquid or solid matter through the nose.


depressor septi nasi

Borrowed from New Latin dēpressor sēptī nāsī (“depressor of the septum of the nose”).

(anatomy) A small muscle of each side of the upper lip that is inserted into the nasal septum and wing of the nose on each side and constricts the nasal opening by drawing the wing downward.


longus capitis

en-noun

longus capitis (plural longi capitis or longi capitum)

longi capitis (plural)
longi capitum (plural)

Borrowed from New Latin longus capitis, clipping of musculus longus capitis (“long muscle of the head”).

clipping

(anatomy) A muscle of either side of the front and upper portion of the neck that arises from the third to sixth cervical vertebrae, is inserted into the basilar portion of the occipital bone, and bends the neck forward.


pterygoid muscle

en-noun

pterygoid muscle (plural pterygoid muscles)

pterygoid muscles (plural)
pterygoid (alternative)
pterygoideus (alternative)

(anatomy) Either of two muscles arising respectively from the lateral and medial surfaces of the lateral pterygoid process which serve to move the mandible forwards and to the side.


lateral pterygoid muscle

lateral pterygoid muscle (plural lateral pterygoid muscles)

lateral pterygoid muscles (plural)
lateral pterygoid (alternative)
external pterygoid muscle (alternative)

medial pterygoid muscle
medial pterygoid muscle

(anatomy) A muscle that arises from the greater wing of the sphenoid bone and from the outer surface of the lateral pterygoid plate, is inserted into the condyle of the mandible and the articular disk of the temporomandibular joint, and acts as an antagonist of the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscles.


medial pterygoid muscle

medial pterygoid muscle (plural medial pterygoid muscles)

medial pterygoid muscles (plural)
medial pterygoid (alternative)
internal pterygoid muscle (alternative)

(anatomy) A muscle that arises from the inner surface of the lateral pterygoid plate and from the palatine and maxillary bones, is inserted into the ramus and the gonial angle, cooperates with the masseter and temporalis in elevating the lower jaw, and controls certain lateral and rotary movements of the jaw.


anterior scalene muscle

anterior scalene muscle (plural anterior scalene muscles)

anterior scalene muscles (plural)
anterior scalene (alternative)
scalenus anterior (alternative)
scalenus anticus (alternative)

(anatomy) A muscle arising from the transverse processes of the third to sixth cervical vertebrae, inserting on the scalene tubercle of the first rib, and functioning to bend the neck forward and laterally and to rotate it to the side.


middle scalene muscle

middle scalene muscle (plural middle scalene muscles)

middle scalene muscles (plural)
middle scalene (alternative)
scalenus medius (alternative)

(anatomy) A muscle arising from the transverse processes of the lower six cervical vertebrae, inserting on the upper surface of the first rib, and functioning to bend the neck forward and laterally and to rotate it to the side.


posterior scalene muscle

posterior scalene muscle (plural posterior scalene muscles)

posterior scalene muscles (plural)
posterior scalene (alternative)
scalenus posterior (alternative)

(anatomy) A muscle arising from the transverse processes of the fourth to sixth cervical vertebrae, inserting on the outer surface of the second rib, and functioning to raise the second rib and to bend and slightly rotate the neck.


mylohyoid muscle

mylohyoid muscle (plural mylohyoid muscles)

mylohyoid muscles (plural)
mylohyoid (alternative)
mylohyoideus (alternative)

(anatomy) A flat triangular muscle located above the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, that runs from the mandible to the hyoid bone and is joined at a median raphe to its fellow of the opposite side, forming a large part of the muscular floor of the oral cavity.


omohyoid muscle

omohyoid muscle (plural omohyoid muscles)

omohyoid muscles (plural)
omohyoid (alternative)
omohyoideus (alternative)

(anatomy) A long slender digastric muscle which arises from the upper border of the shoulder blade and passes obliquely along the side and front of the neck to the lower border of the body of the hyoid bone, and acts to draw the hyoid bone in a caudal direction.


orbicularis oris

orbicularis oris (plural orbiculares orum)

/ɔːˌbɪk.jʊˌlɑː.ɹɪs ˈɒ.ɹɪs/

/ɔɹˌbɪk.jəˌlɛɹ.ɪs ˈɔɹ.ɪs/

/ɔɹˌbɪk.juˌlɛɹ.ɪs ˈɔɹ.ɪs/

Borrowed from New Latin orbiculāris ōris, clipping of mūsculus orbiculāris ōris (“orbicular muscle of the mouth”).

clipping

(anatomy) A muscle made up of several layers of fibers passing in different directions that surrounds the mouth and controls most movements of the lips (as compressing, closing, or pursing movements).


sternohyoid muscle

en-noun

sternohyoid muscle (plural sternohyoid muscles)

sternohyoid muscles (plural)
sternohyoid (alternative)
sternohyoideus (alternative)

(anatomy) An infrahyoid muscle on each side of the midline that arises from the medial end of the clavicle and the first segment of the sternum, inserts into the body of the hyoid bone, and acts to depress the hyoid bone and the larynx.


sternothyroid muscle

sternothyroid muscle (plural sternothyroid muscles)

sternothyroid muscles (plural)
sternothyroid (alternative)
sternothyroideus (alternative)

(anatomy) An infrahyoid muscle on each side of the body below the sternohyoid muscle that arises from the sternum and from the cartilage of the first and sometimes of the second ribs, inserts into the thyroid cartilage, and acts to draw the larynx downward by depressing the thyroid cartilage.


stylohyoid muscle

stylohyoid muscle (plural stylohyoid muscles)

stylohyoid muscles (plural)
stylohyoid (alternative)
stylohyoideus (alternative)

(anatomy) A slender muscle that arises from the posterior surface of the styloid process of the temporal bone, inserts into the body of the hyoid bone, and acts to elevate and retract the hyoid bone resulting in elongation of the floor of the mouth.


tensor veli palatini

tensor veli palatini (plural tensores veli palatini)

Borrowed from New Latin tensor vēlī palātīnī (“tensor of the palatine veil”).

bor

(anatomy) A ribbonlike muscle of the palate that arises from the scaphoid fossa, from the spine of the sphenoid bone, and from the lateral cartilaginous wall of the Eustachian tube, that is attached by a tendon which hooks around the pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone to insert especially into the soft palate, and that acts especially to tense the soft palate.


thyroarytenoid muscle

en-noun

thyroarytenoid muscle (plural thyroarytenoid muscles)

thyroarytenoid muscles (plural)
thyroarytenoid (alternative)
thyroarytenoideus (alternative)

(anatomy) A broad, thin muscle that arises especially from the thyroid cartilage, inserts into the arytenoid cartilage, and functions to relax and shorten the vocal cords by drawing the arytenoid cartilage forward and to narrow the rima glottidis by rotating the arytenoid cartilage inward causing the vocal cords to approach each other.


thyroarytenoideus

Borrowed from New Latin thyreoarytēnoīdeus, clipping of mūsculus thyreoarytēnoīdeus (“thyroarytenoid muscle”). Doublet of thyroarytenoid.

clipping

thyroarytenoid muscle
thyroarytenoid muscle#English

(anatomy) Alternative form of thyroarytenoid muscle.


thyrohyoid muscle

en-noun

thyrohyoid muscle (plural thyrohyoid muscles)

thyrohyoid muscles (plural)
thyrohyoid (alternative)
thyrohyoideus (alternative)

(anatomy) A small quadrilateral muscle that arises from the thyroid cartilage, inserts into the thyrohyal of the hyoid bone, and functions to depress the hyoid bone and to elevate the thyroid cartilage.


zygomaticus major

zygomaticus major (plural zygomatici majores)

Borrowed from New Latin zygomaticus major, clipping of mūsculus zygomaticus major (“larger zygomatic muscle”).

clipping

(anatomy) A slender band of muscle on each side of the face that arises from the zygomatic bone, inserts into the orbicularis oris and skin at the corner of the mouth, and acts to pull the corner of the mouth upward and backward when smiling or laughing.


zygomaticus minor

en-noun

zygomaticus minor (plural zygomatici minores)

Borrowed from New Latin zygomaticus minor, clipping of mūsculus zygomaticus minor (“smaller zygomatic muscle”).

clipping

levator labii superioris
levator labii superioris

(anatomy) A slender band of muscle on each side of the face that arises from the zygomatic bone, inserts into the upper lip between the zygomaticus major and the levator labii superioris, and acts to raise the upper lip upward and laterally.


cricothyroid muscle

en-noun

cricothyroid muscle (plural cricothyroid muscles)

cricothyroid muscles (plural)
cricothyroid (alternative)
cricothyroideus (alternative)

(anatomy) A triangular muscle of the larynx that is attached to the cricoid and thyroid cartilages and is the principal tensor of the vocal cords.


tensor fasciae latae

tensor fasciae latae (plural *tensores fasciarum latarum or tensor fasciae latae muscles)

*tensores fasciarum latarum (plural)
tensor fasciae latae muscles (plural)
tensor fascia lata (alternative)
tensor fasciæ latæ (alternative)
tensor fasciæ latæ muscle (alternative)

Borrowed from New Latin tensor fasciae lātae (“tensor of the broad bandage”).

bor

anterior superior iliac spine
anterior superior iliac spine

(anatomy) A muscle that arises especially from the anterior part of the iliac crest and from the anterior superior iliac spine, is inserted into the iliotibial band of the fascia lata about one third of the way down the thigh, and acts to flex and abduct the thigh.


peroneus brevis

peronei breves (plural)
peronaeus brevis (alternative)

Borrowed from New Latin peroneus brevis, clipping of mūsculus peroneus brevis (“short peroneal muscle”).

clipping

(anatomy) A muscle of the lateral side of the leg that arises from the lower part of the fibula, ends in a tendon that inserts on to the fifth metatarsal bone, and acts to evert and pronate the foot.


peroneus longus

peronei longi (plural)
peronaeus longus (alternative)

/ˌpɛɹ.əˌni.əs ˈlɔŋ.ɡəs/

Borrowed from New Latin peroneus longus, clipping of mūsculus peroneus longus (“long peroneal muscle”).

(anatomy) A muscle of the lateral side of the leg which arises from the head and side of the fibula, ends in a long tendon that inserts on to the cuneiform and first metatarsal bones on the medial side via a long tendon passing under the foot, and serves to extend the ankle and evert the foot.


peroneus tertius

en-noun

peroneus tertius (plural peronei tertii)

peronei tertii (plural)
peronaeus tertius (alternative)

Borrowed from New Latin peroneus tertius, clipping of mūsculus peroneus tertius (“third peroneal muscle”).

clipping

(anatomy) A small muscle of the leg, sometimes absent, that arises from the lower portion of the fibula, inserts on to the dorsal surface of the base of the fifth metatarsal bone, and acts to dorsiflex and evert the foot.


fibularis brevis

en-noun

fibularis brevis (plural fibulares breves)

Borrowed from New Latin fībulāris brevis, clipping of mūsculus fībulāris brevis (“short fibular muscle”).


fibularis longus

en-noun

fibularis longus (plural fibulares longi)

/ˌfɪb.jəˌlɛɹ.ɪs ˈlɔŋ.ɡəs/

Borrowed from New Latin fībulāris longus, clipping of mūsculus fībulāris longus (“long fibular muscle”).


fibularis tertius

en-noun

fibularis tertius (plural fibulares tertii)

Borrowed from New Latin fībulāris tertius, clipping of mūsculus fībulāris tertius (“third fibular muscle”).

clipping

peroneus tertius
peroneus tertius#English


superior oblique muscle

en-noun

superior oblique muscle (plural superior oblique muscles)

superior oblique muscles (plural)
superior oblique (alternative)

(anatomy) A long thin extraocular muscle that arises just above the margin of the optic foramen, is inserted on the upper part of the eyeball, and moves the eye downward and laterally.


extraocular muscle

extraocular muscle (plural extraocular muscles)

(anatomy) Any of the six small voluntary muscles that pass between the eyeball and the orbit and control the movement and stabilization of the eyeball in relation to the orbit.


inferior oblique muscle

inferior oblique muscle (plural inferior oblique muscles)

inferior oblique muscles (plural)
inferior oblique (alternative)

superior oblique muscle
superior oblique muscle

(anatomy) A short extraocular muscle that arises from the orbital surface of the maxilla, is inserted slightly in front of and below the superior oblique muscle, and moves the eye upward and laterally.


external oblique muscle

external oblique muscle (plural external oblique muscles)

external oblique muscles (plural)
external oblique (alternative)

(anatomy) A flat muscle on each side that form the outer layer of the lateral walls of the abdomen, that have aponeuroses extending medially to ensheathe the rectus muscles and fusing in the midventral line in the linea alba, and that act to compress the abdominal contents and to assist in expelling the contents of various visceral organs (as in urination, defecation, parturition, and expiration).


external oblique

external oblique (plural external obliques)

external oblique muscle
external oblique muscle#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of external oblique muscle.


internal oblique muscle

internal oblique muscle (plural internal oblique muscles)

internal oblique muscles (plural)
internal oblique (alternative)

external oblique muscle
external oblique muscle

(anatomy) A flat muscle situated under the external oblique muscle in the lateral and ventral part of the abdominal wall, that have aponeuroses extending medially to ensheathe the rectus muscles and fusing in the midventral line in the linea alba, and that act to compress the abdominal contents and to assist in expelling the contents of various visceral organs (as in urination, defecation, parturition, and expiration).


internal oblique

internal oblique (plural internal obliques)

internal oblique muscle
internal oblique muscle#English

(anatomy) Ellipsis of internal oblique muscle.


pharyngeal constrictor

pharyngeal constrictor (plural pharyngeal constrictors)

pharyngeal constrictors (plural)
constrictor pharyngis (alternative)

(anatomy) One of the three muscles that constrict the pharynx.


superior pharyngeal constrictor

superior pharyngeal constrictor (plural superior pharyngeal constrictors)

superior pharyngeal constrictors (plural)
superior constrictor (alternative)
constrictor pharyngis superior (alternative)

pterygomandibular raphe
pterygomandibular raphe

(anatomy) A 4-sided muscle of the pharynx that arises from the posterior and medial parts of the pterygoid plate, from the pterygomandibular raphe, from the alveolar process above the end of the mylohyoid line, and from the side of the tongue, that inserts into the median line at the back of the pharynx, and that acts to constrict part of the pharynx in swallowing.


middle pharyngeal constrictor

middle pharyngeal constrictor (plural middle pharyngeal constrictors)

middle pharyngeal constrictors (plural)
middle constrictor (alternative)
constrictor pharyngis medius (alternative)

(anatomy) A fan-shaped muscle of the pharynx that arises from the ceratohyal and thyrohyal of the hyoid bone and from the stylohyoid ligament, inserts into the median line at the back of the pharynx, and acts to constrict part of the pharynx in swallowing.


inferior pharyngeal constrictor

inferior pharyngeal constrictor (plural inferior pharyngeal constrictors)

inferior pharyngeal constrictors (plural)
inferior constrictor (alternative)
constrictor pharyngis inferior (alternative)

(anatomy) A muscle of the pharynx that is the thickest of its three constrictors, arises from the surface and side of the cricoid and thyroid cartilages, inserts into the median line at the back of the pharynx, and acts to constrict part of the pharynx in swallowing.


levator labiorum

levator labiorum (plural levatores labiorum or levatores labiorums)

levatores labiorum (plural)
levatores labiorums (plural)

The Occipito Forntalis wrinkles the forehead; the Corrugator Supercilii knits the brow; the Levatores Labiorums lift up the lip, spread wide the nostrils, and open the mouth; […]

1810, John Bell, Engravings of the Bones, Muscles, and Joints, page 58:

The Ramus Buccinalis-labialis, that branch of the fifth nerve which goes to the buccinator, triangularis, levator labiorum, and orbicularis muscles.

1829, Charles Bell, “On the nerves of the face; being a second paper on that subject”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society:

The prolonged branch is the labial division; it runs nearer the alveolar processes of the lower jaw, and becomes so superficial as to admit a union with the portio dura: from thence passing under the facial artery it may be traced into the triangularis or depressor anguli oris, the levator labiorum communis, and the lateral portion of the orbicularis oris.

1936, Medical Classics - Volume 1, page 162:

One of the facial muscles that lift the lips, open the mouth, and flare the nostrils.


superior tarsal muscle

superior tarsal muscle (plural superior tarsal muscles)

superior tarsal muscles (plural)
superior tarsal (alternative)

(anatomy) A smooth muscle helping to raise the upper eyelid.


VMO

vastus medialis oblique
w:Vastus medialis

(bodybuilding, rehabilitation) Initialism of vastus medialis oblique.


transversus abdominis

transversus abdominis (plural transversi abdominis)

internal oblique muscle
internal oblique muscle

(anatomy) A flat muscle with transverse fibers that forms the anterolateral abdominal wall and is layered below the internal oblique muscle.

腹橫肌 /腹横肌

muscle of the anterolateral abdominal wall


transversalis fascia

transversalis fascia (plural transversales fasciae)

transverse abdominal muscle
transverse abdominal muscle

(anatomy) A thin aponeurotic membrane which lies between the inner surface of the transverse abdominal muscle and the parietal peritoneum.


side booty

(rare slang, particular to women) The gluteus medius.


muscle head

A separately targetted compartment of a muscle, more usually referred to as head of a muscle or muscular head.


tibialis anterior

tibialis anterior (plural tibialis anteriors)

I pulled back my right foot and swung it with all my force toward the tibialis anterior muscle of his left leg.

2022, Percival Everett, Dr. No, Influx Press (2023), page 141:

medial cuneiform bone
medial cuneiform bone

A muscle extending down the front of the lower leg, originating in the upper tibia and terminating in a tendon attached to the medial cuneiform bone and the first metatarsal.


ischiocrural

/ˌɪskiəʊˈkɹʊəɹəl/

From ischium + crus + -al, an occasional coinage gradually gaining ground over the 20th century.

The ischiocrural muscle complex is the most frequently injured musculotendineous structure in athletes. Indirect trauma, typically during sprints or jumps, is the most common mechanism leading to muscle strains of this anatomical structure. However, proximal ruptures of the entire ischiocrural tendon complex at the ischial tuberosity represent a rare injury and reports in the literature are limited.

2004 December 16, Peter U. Brucker, Andreas B. Imhoff, “Functional assessment after acute and chronic complete ruptures of the proximal hamstring tendons”, in Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, volume 13, →DOI, pages 411–418:

(anatomy) Located between the ischium and the crures.


laffy taffy

laffy taffy (countable and uncountable, plural laffy taffies)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-laffy taffy.wav

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-laffy taffy.wav

Genericized trademark of Laffy Taffy, a brand of strechy taffy candy. The slang senses is in comparison with the pink-colored candy.

(uncountable, Internet slang, self-harm) The fascia and muscles.


levator prostatae

levator prostatae (plural levatores prostatae)

Borrowed from New Latin levātor prostatae (“lifter of the prostate”).

bor

(anatomy) A portion of the pubococcygeus muscle that helps to support the prostate gland.


coracohyomandibularis

The cranial muscles of batoids are basically similar to sharks, although some of the homologies are unclear (e.g., the "X" muscle of electric rays), the muscles are depressed in form (e.g., preorbitalis), some muscles may be lacking (e.g., intermandibularis), and some muscles may be unique to batoids (e.g., coracohyomandibularis) (Miyake et al., 1992),

2004, Jeffrey C. Carrier, John A. Musick, Michael R. Heithaus, editors, Biology of Sharks and Their Relatives, CRC Press, page 183:

The hypobranchial muscles include the coracoarcualis, coracohyoideus, coracomandibularis, and coracohyomandibularis.

2011, Anthony Farrell, Ernest Donald Stevens, Jeffrey G. Richards, Joseph J. Cech, editors, Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology: From Genome to Environment, volume 3, Elsevier Science, page 458:

Batoids also have two unique muscles that depress the hyomandibular cartilage, a depressor hyomandibularis and coracohyomandibularis muscle (Marion, 1905; Miyake et al., 1992; Wilga and Motta, 1998b).

2015, Anthony Peter Farrell, Colin Brauner, Robert E. Shadwick, editors, Physiology of Elasmobranch Fishes: Structure and Interaction with Environment, Elsevier Science, page 159:

The sternohyoideus extends from the fascia ventral to the coracohyomandibularis and inserts onto the hypohyal cartilage (Figure 5.5E).

2018, Rui Diogo, Janine M. Ziermann, Julia Molnar, Natalia Siomava, Virginia Abdala, Muscles of Chordates: Development, Homologies, and Evolution, CRC Press, unnumbered page:

New muscles also evolved within batoids to move the cranium vertically (levator and depressor rostri), to depress and retract the hyomandibular cartilage (coracohyomandibularis, depressor hyomandibularis), and to depress the lower jaw (depressor mandibularis) (Fig. 8.8) (Miyake 1988; Miyake et al. 1992).

2019, Ian Q. Whishaw, Vincent Bels, editors, Feeding in Vertebrates: Evolution, Morphology, Behavior, Biomechanics, Springer International Publishing, page 249:

(ichthyology, anatomy, uncommon) A certain hypobranchial muscle found in batoid fish.