silicon dioxide

(chemistry) A hard glassy mineral, SiO₂, occurring as quartz, sand, opal etc. Informally known as silica.


silica

en-noun

silica (countable and uncountable, plural silicas)

From New Latin silica, from Latin silex (“hard stone, flint”), on model of alumina, soda.


silane

(chemistry) Any of a group of silicon hydrides that are analogous to alkanes (the paraffin hydrocarbons); especially the parent compound SiH₄

silà

a silicon hydride that is analogous to alkanes


quartz

quartz (countable and uncountable, plural quartzes)

→ Malay: kuarza

From German Quarz, from Middle High German (Central East German) quarz, twarc, from a West Slavic language [compare Polish twardy (“hard”), Czech tvrdý (“hard”)], from Proto-Slavic *tvьrdъ ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *twerH- (“to enclose, grab”).

der

The telescope and collimator have each an object-glass consisting of a single lens of quartz 1½ inch diameter and a focal length of 18½ inches for the sodium yellow light, but not more than 16 inches for the highest rays measured.

1883, George Downing Liveing, James Dewar, “On the Ultra-Violet Spectra of the Elements”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, volume 174, Barrison and Sons, part I, page 188:

Subsequently, the old Malay brought him the present specimen in a state of torpidity, telling him he had found it in a cavity of the quartz reef.

1892 April 18, Armiger Barczinsky, “The Golden Snail”, in Sylvanus Urban (pseudonym of Edward Cave), editor, The Gentleman's Magazine, volume 272, page 331:

My meat eats me. Who waits at the gate? / Mother of quartz, your words writhe into my ear. / Renew the light, lewd whisper.

1948, Theodore Roethke, “The Shape of the Fire”, in The Lost Son and Other Poems, Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Company, →OCLC; republished in The Collected Poems of Theodore Roethke, London: Faber and Faber […], 1968, →OCLC, page 62:

(mineralogy) The most abundant mineral on the earth's surface, of chemical composition silicon dioxide, SiO₂. It occurs in a variety of forms, both crystalline and amorphous. Found in every environment.


silicate

From silicon acid + -ate (“salt or ester”).

(inorganic chemistry) Any salt of silica or of one of the silicic acids; any mineral composed of silicates.


silicone

From silicon + -one. Originally obtained by the attempted synthesis of the silicon equivalent of a ketone.

Besides, the bevy of silicone beauties surrounding him would have been difficult, not to mention ego-crushing, to wade through.

2006 09, Anne Thomas Soffee, Nerd Girl Rocks Paradise City: A True Story of Faking It in Hair Metal L. A., Chicago Review Press, →ISBN, page 125:

They want to see men covered in sweat, lying in bed with some unknown, blank, silicone actresses — they want sculpted bodies, they don't give a shit about performance.

2009, Ignácio de Loyola Brandão, Anonymous Celebrity, Dalkey Archive Press, →ISBN, page 152:

Nowadays it is a cliché to associate silicone women with narco aesthetics, overdrawn Pamela Anderson clones popularized by telenovelas.

2020 March 18, Aldona Bialowas Pobutsky, Pablo Escobar and Colombian Narcoculture, University Press of Florida, →ISBN, page 58:

(slang) Having had cosmetic surgery, especially breast enlargement.


silicic acid

metasilicic acid H₂SiO₃

orthosilicic acid H₄SiO₄

disilicic acid H₂Si₂O₅

pyrosilicic acid H₆Si₂O₇

(chemistry) any of a range of compounds, being hydrates of silica; they form silicates having complex polymeric structures


aluminosilicate

(inorganic chemistry) Any of many silicate minerals, such as feldspar and zeolite, in which a proportion of the Si⁴⁺ ions are replaced by Al³⁺, the excess negative charge being balanced by extra sodium, potassium or calcium ions.

aluminossilicato

any silicate mineral in which some Si4+ ions are replaced by Al3+


silicone rubber

en-noun

silicone rubber (countable and uncountable, plural silicone rubbers)

A variety of synthetic polymeric silicones having physical properties similar to natural rubber but increased chemical stability


Silicon Valley

en-prop

Silicon Valley (countable and uncountable, plural Silicon Valleys)

Silicon Valleys (plural)
Silicone Valley (alternative misspelling)

Don Hoefler
Electronic News
Santa Clara Valley

From Silicon Valley USA, the title of a series of articles appearing in 1971 in Electronic News by the journalist Don Hoefler, from silicon, an important element in semiconductor manufacturing + valley from Santa Clara Valley, the area where many of these industries are located.

The belief in the early 1980s among many European pundits that a series of European Silicon Valleys could be developed before the end of the decade flew in the face of all the United States evidence.

1995 March 16, Ray P Oakey, High-Technology New Firms: Variable Barriers To Growth, SAGE Publications Limited:

(countable) A tech industry cluster in another country, developed as a competitor to the original Silicon Valley.

place names modelled on

Silicon Valley; Note: these place names are of varying degrees of currency and so have not been copied into the lists of derived and related terms above


silicon carbide

en-noun

silicon carbide (plural silicon carbides)

(chemistry) A binary compound of silicon and carbon, SiC; it is one of the hardest known materials, and is used as an abrasive, under the trade name Carborundum, and as a refractory material.


siloxane

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of compound having a short repeating unit of silicon and oxygen atoms (either in a chain or a ring), typically with organic side chains


cyclosilazane

(inorganic chemistry) any compound consisting of a ring of alternating silicon and nitrogen atoms, especially -[SiH₂NH]ₙ- or its derivatives


cyclosiloxane

(inorganic chemistry) any compound having a ring of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, especially -[SiH₂-O]ₙ- or its derivatives


carbosilane

(organic chemistry) any compound containing carbon-to-silicon covalent bonds, especially one having the branched polymeric structure of a dendrimer


organosilicon

(chemistry) Describing any of a series of derivatives of silicon that have at least one alkyl or aryl group, especially one containing at least one carbon–silicon bond.


silanol

(inorganic chemistry) the silicon analogue of methanol SiH₃OH


inosilicate

From ino- + silicate, from Ancient Greek ἴς, ἰνός (ís, inós, “fibre”).

der

any silicate having interlocking chains of silicate tetrahedra


silicium

Etymology tree
Latin silexbor.
English silicium
Coined by British chemist Humphry Davy in 1808, from Latin silex (“flint”).

coin

(obsolete) The chemical element silicon.


siliciferous

en-adj

siliciferous (comparative more siliciferous, superlative most siliciferous)

more siliciferous (comparative)
most siliciferous (superlative)


silyl

(inorganic chemistry) The radical SiH₃ derived from silane


organosilane

organosilanes (plural)
organo-silane (alternative)

(organic chemistry) Any organic derivative of a silane containing at least one carbon to silicon bond


disilane

(inorganic chemistry) The gaseous hydride of silicon SiH₃-SiH₃, the silicon analog of ethane


metasilicate

(inorganic chemistry) The oxyanion of silicon SiO₃²⁻ or any salt or mineral containing this ion


organosilyl

(organic chemistry) Describing any organic compound containing a carbon to silicon bond


microfabrication

The technology used to fabricate components on a micrometer-sized scale; especially such components built on silicon wafers


silyne

(chemistry) a molecule containing a silicon atom which forms a triple bond

(organic chemistry) an organosilyne, a molecule containing a silicon atom triply bonded to a carbon atom

(inorganic chemistry) a silicon analog of alkynes containing at least one silicon-silicon triple bond.


silene

(chemistry) a molecule containing a silicon atom which forms a double bond

(organic chemistry) an organosilene, a molecule containing a silicon atom doubly bonded to a carbon atom

(inorganic chemistry) a silicon analog of alkenes containing at least one silicon-silicon double bond.


monosilane

(inorganic chemistry) the silicon analog of methane, SiH₄


silylium

Any cation formed by a silicon atom with three bonds, having the general formula R₃Si⁺


silicene

en-noun

silicene (countable and uncountable, plural silicenes)

Blend of silicon + graphene, due to the similarity of the silicon layer to carbon in graphene.

Thus, silicene has the same structure as a graphene sheet but it is composed of Si atoms instead of C atoms.

2007, Gian G. Guzmán-Verri and L. C. Lew Yan Voon, "Electronic structure of silicon-based nanostructures", Phys. Rev. B 76, 075131 (30 August 2007) p. 075131-1

However, silicene, the counterpart of graphene for silicon has not been found until now, although it has attracted strong theoretical attention since several years.

2010, Bernard Aufray, Abdelkader Kara, Sébastien Vizzini, Hamid Oughaddou, Christel Léandri, Benedicte Ealet, Guy Le Lay, “Graphene-like silicon nanoribbons on Ag(110): A possible formation of silicene”, in Applied Physics Letters, 96, 183102 (3 May 2010) p. 183102-1:

The electronic properties of silicene nano-ribbons and silicene sheets were found to resemble those of graphene.

2012, Abdelkader Kara, Hanna Enriquezc, Ari P. Seitsonend, L.C. Lew Yan Voone, Sébastien Vizzinif, Bernard Aufrayg, Hamid Oughaddoub, Surface Science Reports, 67 #1, (1 January 2012) p. 1:

(inorganic chemistry) A monolayer of silicon atoms packed together to resemble graphene.


desilylate

en-verb

desilylate (third-person singular simple present desilylates, present participle desilylating, simple past and past participle desilylated)

desilylates (present singular third-person)
desilylating (participle present)
desilylated (participle past)
desilylated (past)

To remove one or more silyl groups from a molecule.


chlorosilyl

(inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, especially in combination) Any chlorine derivative of a silyl radical.


organosilica

(chemistry) Any of a range of hybrid materials combining silica with various organic compounds


silicate planet

en-noun

silicate planet (plural silicate planets)

A terrestrial planet composed mostly of silicate minerals.


silicononane

Silicononane is not acted on by nitric acid or caustic alkalis[…]

1931, William Henry Perkin, Frederic Stanley Kipping, Frederic Barry Kipping, Organic chemistry: Volume 1:


bisilicate

A salt of metasilicic acid, in which the ratio of the oxygen of the silica to the oxygen of the base is two to one.


metasilicic acid

(chemistry) An acid derived from silicic acid by the removal of water.


metasilicic

(inorganic chemistry) Relating to metasilicic acid or its derivatives


silicyne

an allotrope of silicon, consisting of a long chain of silicon atoms linked together with either (1) disilene units [ ...=Si=Si=Si=...] or (2) disilyne units [ ...–Si≡Si–Si≡Si–... ]


chlorosiloxane

(organic chemistry) Any chloro derivative of a siloxane


organosiloxane

(organic chemistry) Any organic siloxane


organosilene

(chemistry) a molecule containing a silicon atom doubly bonded to a carbon atom


silanolate

(inorganic chemistry) An anion derived from a silanol; a salt containing this anion


chlorotetrafluorosilicate

From chloro- + tetra- + fluoro- + silicate.

(inorganic chemistry) An unusual salt or anion containing silicon bound to four fluorine and one chlorine atoms. SiF₄Cl⁻