deal

en-verb

deal (third-person singular simple present deals, present participle dealing, simple past and past participle dealt or (nonstandard) dealed)

deals (present singular third-person)
dealing (participle present)
dealt (participle past)
dealt (past)
dealed (nonstandard participle past)
dealed (nonstandard past)

From Middle English delen, from Old English dǣlan (“to divide, part”), from Proto-West Germanic *dailijan, from Proto-Germanic *dailijaną (“to divide, part, deal”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰail- (“part, watershed”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian diele (“to divide, separate”), Dutch delen, German teilen, Swedish dela; and with Lithuanian dalinti (“divide”), Russian дели́ть (delítʹ).

syöttää

baseball slang: to pitch — see also pitch

Wel said syr Uwayne go on your waye, and lete me dele.

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book IV, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC:

(obsolete, intransitive) To take action; to act.


deal

→ French: deal

→ German: Deal

→ Lithuanian: dylas

What's her deal?

His whole deal is, you've got to be for it or against it, and you can't make it better.

1990, National Archives and Records Administration, quoting Bill Clinton, George Bush: 1992-1993, page 1861:

My boyfriend hates it when I wear makeup or put on a short skirt, but then he points out how hot girls like the Pussycat Dolls are. What's his deal? —Jill, 16, Fresno, CA

2006 February 6, “Dr. Boy”, in ELLEgirl:

I don't know what her deal was. I think she just cared about the MTV stuff and wanted to be around us, maybe hoping a camera would show up and she'd get her face on the color TV or something.

2017 April 11, Amber Portwood, Never Too Late, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 90:

(slang, of a person) A personality trait, especially a negative one, and the underlying cause of it.


abietite

(organic chemistry) A substance resembling mannite, found in the needles of the common silver fir of Europe (Abies alba).


spruce

en-noun

spruce (countable and uncountable, plural spruces or spruce)

desc

→ Kashubian: sprusz (Canada, United States)

→ Thai: สปรูซ

→ Thai: สปรูซ

From Middle English Spruce, an alteration of Pruce (“Prussia”), from Medieval Latin, from a Baltic language, probably Old Prussian; for more, see Prussia. Spruce, spruse (1412), and Sprws (1378) were terms for commodities brought to England by Hanseatic merchants (beer, wood, leather). The tree with this name was also believed to have been native to Prussia. The adjective and verb senses ("trim, neat" and "to make trim, neat") are attested from 1594, and originate with spruce leather (1466), which was used to make a popular style of jerkins in the 1400s that was considered smart-looking.

That spruce table is beautiful!

(used attributively) Made of the wood of the spruce.

smrkový

attributive: made of the wood of the spruce


yew

en-noun

yew (countable and uncountable, plural yews)

From Middle English ew, from Old English īw, ēow, assumed to be from Proto-West Germanic *īhu, from Proto-Germanic *īhwaz (compare Icelandic ýr), masculine variant of *īwō (compare Dutch ijf, German Eibe), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw-.
See also Hittite [script needed] (eja, “type of evergreen”), Welsh yw (“yews”), Irish eo [both cognates of Old English īw, Old English ēow]; and Latgalian īva (“bird cherry”), Lithuanian ievà (“bird cherry”), Russian и́ва (íva, “willow”).

cog

Old Yew, which graspest at the stones
That name the under-lying dead,
Thy fibres net the dreamless head,
Thy roots are wrapt about the bones.

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], “Canto II”, in In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:

Have a tree or two the witches particularly like, such as the alder, larch, cypress and hemlock; then, to counteract any possible evil effects, there must be a holly, yew, hazel, elder, mountain ash or juniper.

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 273:

At Darley Dale, in Derbyshire, there is another yew about 1,000 years younger with a 32 ft girth, while a mighty yew at Goudhurst, Kent, has a bench seating 12 in its hollow trunk.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 119:

Taxus baccata
Taxus baccata#Translingual

(countable) A species of coniferous tree, Taxus baccata, with dark-green flat needle-like leaves and seeds bearing red arils, native to western, central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, northern Iran and southwest Asia.

Other conifers resembling plants in genus Taxus:


larch

From early modern German Larche, Lärche, from Middle High German larche, from Old High German larihha, early borrowing from Latin larix, itself possibly of Gaulish origin. In the first century AD, Vitruvius wrote that the tree was given the Latin name "larigna" when the Romans discovered it at the town of Larignum.

The Larch-tree, with us, groweth slowly, and to be found in few places; it hath a rugged bark, and boughts that branch in good order, with divers small yellowish bunched eminences, set thereon at several distances, from whence tufts of many small, long, and narrow smooth leaves do yearly come forth; it beareth among the green leaves many beautiful flowers, which are of a fine crimson colour […]

1665, John Rea, Flora, London: J.G. Marriott, Book III, Chapter 20, pp. 235-236:

1716, Nicholas Rowe (translator), The Ninth Book of Lucan in John Dryden, Miscellany Poems, London: Jacob Tonson, Volume 6, p. 67,
The Gummy Larch-Tree, and the Thapsos there,
Wound-wort and Maiden-weed, perfume the Air.

Thus the Birch Canoe was builded
In the valley, by the river,
In the bosom of the forest;
And the forest’s life was in it,
All its mystery and its magic,
All the lightness of the birch-tree,
All the toughness of the cedar,
All the larch’s supple sinews;

1855, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Song of Hiawatha, Book 7:

Joan was thinking: ‘She looks like a tree […] it must be the green dress. But her eyes are like water, all greeny and shadowy and deep looking—a tree near a pool, that’s what she’s like, a tall tree. A beech tree? No, that’s too spready—a larch tree, that’s Elizabeth; a larch tree just greening over.'

1924, Radclyffe Hall, The Unlit Lamp, Chapter 5, Part 1:

During the early 1980s to early 1990s, and especially in the long drought period of 1982-3, extensive fires swept through natural forests in many parts of the world. While the ravaging fires in Australia and Europe received wide media coverage, 1 million hectares of larch forests were wiped out on the Ta-hsing-an-ling mountain in north-eastern China (H. Tagawa, personal communication).

1993, Nengah Wirawan, “The Hazard of Fire”, in Harold Brookfield, Yvonne Byron, editors, South-East Asia's Environmental Future: The Search for Sustainability, United Nations University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 242:

(countable) A coniferous tree, of genus Larix, having deciduous leaves, in fascicles.

ҫемҫе чӑрӑш

śemś̬e č̬ărăš


fir

en-noun

fir (countable and uncountable, plural firs)

From Middle English firre, from Old English fyrh, furh, as in furhwudu (“pinewood”), from Proto-West Germanic *furhu, from Proto-Germanic *furhō, *furhijǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *pŕ̥kʷeh₂, from *pérkʷus (“oak”). Possibly conflated during Middle English with Old Norse fýri (as in fýriskógr (“pine-wood”).
Germanic cognates include Dutch vuren, Low German Fuhr, German Föhre (“pine”), Danish fyr). Outside of Germanic, compare Italian (Trentino) porca (“fir”), Latin quercus (“oak”), Albanian shpardh, shparr (“Italian oak”), Punjabi ਪਰਗਾਇ (pargāī, “holm oak, Quercus baloot”)). Related to frith.

cog

we shall find a spot that is sheltered and snug enough, sir. There is a dry fir-wood just ahead, if I remember rightly.

1954, J. R. R. Tolkien, chapter 3, in The Lord of the Rings:

I can almost smell the fir scent… resinous, pungent.

1991, Paul Chadwick, Concrete: American Christmas, Dark Horse Books:

Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris#Translingual

(chiefly countable) Any pinaceous conifer of related genera, especially a Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga) or a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris).


cedar

en-noun

cedar (countable and uncountable, plural cedars)

Cedar Beach
Cedar Bluff
Cedar Bluffs
Cedar City
Cedar Crest
Cedar Falls
Cedar Fire
Cedar Forest
Cedar Fort
Cedar Glen Lakes
Cedar Glen West
Cedar Grove
Cedar Hill
Cedar Hill Lakes
Cedar Hills
Cedar Island
Cedar Key
Cedar Lake
Cedar Mill
Cedar Mills
Cedar Mountain
Cedar Park
Cedar Revolution
Cedar River
Cedar Springs
Cedar Township
Cedar Vale
Cedar Valley
cedar

From Middle English cedre, probably from Old French cedre, from Latin cedrus, from Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros). Some suggest that the Middle English word was partially from Old English ċeder, but the gap in attestation between the two words makes this proposal unlikely. Possible doublet of citrus.

(countable) A coniferous tree of the genus Cedrus in the family Pinaceae.

There had been dry seasons, accumulations of dust, wind-blown seeds, and cedars rose wonderfully out of solid rock.

1912 January, Zane Grey, chapter 8, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:

(countable) A coniferous tree of the family Cupressaceae, especially of the genera Juniperus, Cupressus, Calocedrus, or Thuja.

(countable) A flowering tree of the family Meliaceae, especially of the genera Cedrela or Toona.

(uncountable) The aromatic wood from a Cedrus tree, or from any of several not closely related trees.


balsam

balsam (countable and uncountable, plural balsams)

balsams (plural)
balsem (alternative)
balsum (alternative)
balsome (alternative)

Borrowed from Latin balsamum, from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon, “balsam”), of Semitic origin (Hebrew בושם (“spice, perfume”)); compare Old English balsam, balsamum (“balsam, balm”), Doublet of balm and desman. Not related to balsa.

der

A flowering plant of the genus Impatiens.

The balsam family of flowering plants (Balsaminaceae), which includes Impatiens and Hydrocera.

Abies balsamea
Abies balsamea#Translingual

Canada balsam, a turpentine obtained from the resin of balsam fir.


hemlock

en-noun

hemlock (countable and uncountable, plural hemlocks)

From Middle English hemlok, hemeluc, from Old English hemlīc, hymlīc m and hymlīce f (“hemlock, bryony, convolvulus”), of uncertain origin.
speculative etymology
Compare Old English hymele (“hop-vine, hops”), Old English humele (“bryony, widerton, hair moss, gold-hair, morning glory”), Danish and Swedish humle (“hops”), Icelandic humall (“hops”). Perhaps from Scythian, from Proto-Iranian *háwHmah (“ephedra; juice”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáwHmas from Proto-Indo-European *sewh₁- (“to press out, extract”).
;cognates
* (from Sarmato-Scythian *haumala) Ossetian хумӕллӕг (xumællæg, “hops”)
* (from Sarmato-Scythian *hauma) Avestan 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀 (haoma), Baluchi [script needed] (hum), Persian هوم (hôm))
* (from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sauma) Sanskrit सोम (soma))
More at suck.

der

Any of the poisonous umbelliferous plants, of the genera


balsam fir

A North American species of fir tree (Abies balsamea).


damar

en-noun

damar (countable and uncountable, plural damars)

damars (plural)
dammar (alternative)
dammara (alternative)
dammer (alternative)

From Malay damar.
Compare Middle English dambre (“a kind of resin”).

cog

A large tree of the order Coniferae, indigenous to the East Indies and Australasia, now genus Agathis.

A clear to yellow resin, obtained in Malaya from trees of the genera Shorea (family Dipterocarpaceae) and Symplocos (family Symplocaceae), used in varnishes and inks

damara

resin obtained from trees of the genera Shorea and Symplocos

Any of various hard resins, obtained especially from evergreen trees, notably of the genera Agathis (family Araucariaceae) and Hopea (family Dipterocarpaceae), native to southeast Asia, also used in varnishes and lacquers.

agatis

any of various trees of the genus Agathis


kaya

Torreya grandis
Torreya grandis#Translingual

Torreya grandis, the Chinese nutmeg yew.


Japanese yew

Taxus cuspidata
Taxus cuspidata#Translingual


silver fir

Any of several species large evergreen coniferous trees of genus Abies (firs):

A Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis), native to western North America


tamarack

en-noun

tamarack (countable and uncountable, plural tamaracks)

From Canadian French tamarac, believed to derive from an Algonquian word.
In European languages there was contamination between tacamahac, from Nahuatl, and various Algonquian words containing the final Proto-Algonquian *-a·xkw- (“hardwood or deciduous tree”), including the sources of tamarack and hackmatack, as was already recognized by Chamberlain 1902. This makes the precise Algonquian words involved difficult to recover.

der

The women peeled tamarack bark for tea, dug through the deep snow in hopes of finding a few dried fiddleheads.

2005, Joseph Boyden, Three Day Road, Penguin, published 2008, page 36:

The motor court was set back from the highway and shaded not by tamaracks but by huge stately elms.

Any of several North American larches, of the genus Larix.


deodar

Borrowed from colloquial Hindustani دیودار (dyodār) / देओदार (deodār), from دیودار (dyodār) / देवदार (devdār), from Sanskrit देवदारु (deva-dāru, literally “divine tree”).

There were beautifully arranged tea-tables under the deodars at Annandale, where the Grand Stand is now; […]

1888, Rudyard Kipling, “Cupid’s Arrows”, in Plain Tales from the Hills, Calcutta: Thacker, Spink and Co.; London: W. Thacker & Co., →OCLC, page 56:

Cedrus deodara, a type of cedar tree native to the western Himalayas.


pinophyte

(botany) Any gymnosperm (of the division Pinophyta)


kaikawaka

(New Zealand) Libocedrus bidwillii, the New Zealand cedar, an evergreen coniferous tree.


Norway spruce

A species of spruce native to Europe and naturalized in temperate northeastern North America, Picea abies.


Canada balsam

en-noun

Canada balsam (countable and uncountable, plural Canada balsams)

A turpentine made from the resin of the balsam fir tree.

bàlsam del Canadà

turpentine produced from the resin of balsam fir


Pacific silver fir

Pacific silver fir (plural Pacific silver firs)

A fir native to the coastal region of Pacific North America (Abies amabilis).


white fir

A North American species of fir tree (Abies concolor).


Fraser fir

Named after the Scottish botanist John Fraser (1750–1811), who made numerous botanical collections in the region.

A North American species of fir tree (Abies fraseri).


oyamel

Forests of oyamel fir trees in Michoacán and Mexico States have for thousands of years been a winter haven for the resplendent orange and black butterflies, the most famous “charismatic megafauna” of the insect world, said Lincoln P. Brower, a professor emeritus of biology at Sweet Briar College in Virginia, who has studied the butterflies and their shrinking winter habitat for decades.

2008 March 7, Andrew C. Revkin, “Loggers Invaded Butterfly Haven, Photos Show”, in New York Times:

Abies religiosa
Abies religiosa#Translingual

Abies religiosa, the sacred fir, an evergreen coniferous tree of South America with needle-like leaves.


hackmatack

Believed to derive from Abenaki, though no specific etymon has been found. The term is first attested in the 1760s–90s, when it was spelled hakmantak and referred to dense forest.
In European languages there was contamination between tacamahac, from Nahuatl, and various Algonquian words containing the final Proto-Algonquian *-a·xkw- (“hardwood or deciduous tree”), including the sources of tamarack and hackmatack, as was already recognized by Chamberlain 1902. This makes the precise Algonquian words involved difficult to recover. Compare the late 19th century German Low German term Hackemtackem (“tacamahac (medicinal resin)”).

A balsam poplar, a tree of the species Populus balsamifera.


pinid

(botany) Any conifer in the family Pinidae.


sacred fir

A species of fir, Abies religiosa, native to the mountains of central and southern Mexico and western Guatemala.


Douglas fir

Douglas fir (countable and uncountable, plural Douglas firs)

Douglas firs (plural)
Douglas-fir (alternative)

Named after David Douglas (1799–1834), Scottish botanist and collector.

An evergreen conifer of genus Pseudotsuga; there are four to six species native to western North America and eastern Asia.


firtree

(turbines) The root of a very-high-temperature turbine blade, inserted into a corresponding slot in a disc, resembling in section a simplified image of a fir.


Canadian hemlock

Canadian hemlock (plural Canadian hemlocks)

Tsuga canadensis
Tsuga canadensis#Translingual


white spruce

white spruce (countable and uncountable, plural white spruces or white spruce)

white spruces (plural)
white spruce (plural)

Any of several species of spruce (Picea)

Canadian spruce, skunk spruce, cat spruce, Black Hills spruce, western white spruce, Alberta white spruce, Porsild spruce

Picea pungens
Picea pungens#Translingual


stink cedar

The California nutmeg tree (Torreya californica).

A related tree of Florida (Torreya taxifolia).


red fir

From the bark colour of the older trees.

[…]in the ape posse, bent on vengeance, traversing landscapes clothed in snow and bristling with California red fir and silver pine, spooking human stragglers, and running across fresh graves as they search for the nameless colonel and try to piece together why the humans are killing each other.

2017 July 7, Ignatiy Vishnevetsky, “The ambitious War For The Planet Of The Apes ends up surrendering to formula”, in The Onion AV Club:

Abies magnifica
Abies magnifica#Translingual

A fir tree of western North America (Abies magnifica).


noble fir

Abies procera, a western North American fir.


firwood

firwood (countable and uncountable, plural firwoods)

From Middle English *firwode, *firrewode, from Old English furhwudu, equivalent to fir + wood.

A wood largely populated with fir trees.


eastern hemlock

eastern hemlock (countable and uncountable, plural eastern hemlocks)

Tsuga canadensis, native to the northeastern United States, adjoining areas of Canada, extending to Minnesota and Northern Michigan, and the Appalachian mountains.


yew pine

Picea mariana
Picea mariana#Translingual


plum yew

plum yews (plural)
plum-yew (alternative)

Any of the conifers in the genus Prumnopitys.


nutmeg yew

Certain of the trees and shrubs in the genus Torreya, which are related to yew, but have fruits with large seeds that resemble nutmegs.


Lebanon cedar

Cedrus libani subsp. libani, a cedar that grows in Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, northwest Jordan, western Syria, and south-central Turkey.


Norfolk pine

Norfolk Island pine
Norfolk Island pine#English


cheirolepidiacean

Any extinct conifer of the family Cheirolepidiaceae


romerillo

Any of several plants found in Latin America, often with foliage resembling rosemary leaves.

Podocarpus spp. (plum pines, yellowwoods), including

Podocarpus glomeratus, of equatorial montane rainforests of South America.


conipherophytan

Any conifer of the former division Coniferophyta (now Pinophyta)


cedar of Lebanon

cedar of Lebanon (plural cedars of Lebanon)

A large tree native to the mountains of Lebanon, Cedrus libani subsp. libani, which was known throughout the ancient Middle East for its highly prized wood.


European larch

European larch (usually uncountable, plural European larches)

Larix decidua
Larix decidua#Translingual

A deciduous conifer native to central Europe but also cultivated in England and elsewhere, Larix decidua.


Engelmann spruce

Engelmann spruce (plural Engelmann spruces)

Named after George Engelmann (1809–1884), German-American botanist.

named-after

Picea engelmannii, a spruce native to western North America.


golden larch

Any conifer of the genus Pseudolarix, which are not true larches (Larix).


Siberian spruce

en-noun

Siberian spruce (plural Siberian spruces)


Siberian larch

Siberian larch (plural Siberian larches)


black spruce

Picea mariana, a North American species of spruce.


Shasta fir

A fir (Abies shastensis), of California.


Nikko fir

Abies homolepis, a fir native to the mountains of central and southern Honshū and Shikoku, Japan.


Sikkim fir

A fir tree of species Abies densa, of Bhutan.


Brewer's spruce

Brewer's spruce (plural Brewer's spruces)

Named after William Henry Brewer (1828–1910), American botanist.

named-after

A North American spruce of species Picea breweriana.


Ezo spruce

Ezo spruces (plural)
Jezo spruce (alternative)
Yeddo spruce (alternative)
Yezo spruce (alternative)

A large evergreen tree of species Picea jezoensis, native to northeast Asia.


blue spruce

A spruce tree of species Picea pungens, native to the Rocky Mountains of North America, often planted as an ornamental.


Colorado spruce

en-noun

Colorado spruce (plural Colorado spruces)