apple

qualifier

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">apples</i>

→ Abenaki: aples (< apples)

→ Arikara: ápos (< apples)

→ Assamese: আপেল (apel)

→ Bengali: আপেল (apel)

→ Dhivehi: އާފަލު (āfalu)

→ Dzongkha: ཨེ་པཱལ (e pāl)

→ East Futuna: apo

→ Fijian: yapolo

→ Fiji Hindi: aapul

→ Finnish: äpyli

→ Malay: epal (Malaysia)

→ Malayalam: ആപ്പിൾ (āppiḷ)

→ Maori: āporo

→ Marshallese: abōļ

→ Sinhalese: ඇපල් (æpal)

→ Sotho: apole

Sylheti: ꠀꠄꠚꠟ (aefól)

→ Tamil: ஆப்பிள் (āppiḷ)

→ Telugu: ఆపిల్ (āpil)

desc

→ Thai: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)

→ Thai: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)

→ Tokelauan: apu

→ Tok Pisin: apel

→ Yurok: 'erplers (< apples)

Book of Genesis
Frans Floris
Malmö Art Museum
The Fall of Man

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl
Proto-Germanic *aplaz
Proto-West Germanic *applu
Old English æppel
Middle English appel
English apple
The noun is derived from Middle English appel (“Malus domestica fruit or tree, apple; any type of fruit, nut, or tuber; tree bearing fruit; (figurative) ball, sphere; (Christianity) forbidden fruit in Eden”), from Old English æppel (“apple; any type of fruit; (figurative) ball, sphere; eyeball”), from Proto-West Germanic *applu (“apple; any type of fruit”), from Proto-Germanic *aplaz (“apple; any type of fruit”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl, *h₂ébl̥ (“apple”).
As regards sense 1.4 (“forbidden fruit”), the type of fruit eaten by Adam and Eve is not identified in the Book of Genesis in the Bible. It may have come to be identified with the apple because of the similarity between Latin mālum (“apple”) and malum (“evil; misery, torment; wrongdoing”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
Cognate with Danish æble, Dutch appel, German Apfel, Irish úll, Lithuanian óbuolỹs, Russian я́блоко (jábloko), Scots aipple, Swedish äpple, Welsh afal, West Frisian apel, possibly Ancient Greek ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “vine”).

ref

From the collection of the Malmö Art Museum in Malmö, Scania, Sweden.

omena

something which resembles the fruit of Malus domestica

the apple doesn't fall far from the tree

the apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest

Him [man] by fraud I [Satan] have ſeduc'd / From his Creator, and the more to increaſe / Your vvonder, vvith an Apple; […]

1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature [Ll4], recto, lines 485–487:

I read and re-read her letter, and some softened feelings stole into my heart, and dared to whisper paradisiacal dreams of love and joy; but the apple was already eaten, and the angel's arm bared to drive me from all hope.

1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter V, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume III, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 102:

Yes, of all human follies, love, / Methinks, hath served me best. / The Apple had done but little for me / If Eve had not done the rest.

1829, Robert Southey, “All for Love, or A Sinner Well Saved. Canto II.”, in All for Love; and The Pilgrim to Compostela, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 20:

Yes, fair Eve, just as Adam ate the apple, so beware!

1871, Harriet Beecher Stowe, “Congratulations, etc.”, in My Wife and I: Or, Harry Henderson’s History, New York, N.Y.: J. B. Ford and Company, →OCLC, page 399:

Yes mam. Woman ate the apple, and discovered sex, and lost all shame, and lift^([sic]) up her fig-leaf, and she must suffer the pains of hell. Monthly.

1975 (date written), Barry Reckord, “White Witch”, in For the Reckord: A Collection of Three Plays, London: Oberon Books, published 2010, →ISBN:

Sharon you've got a husband / And a family and a farm / I've got the apple of temptation / And a diamond snake around my arm

1976, Joni Mitchell, “Song for Sharon”, in Hejira, Los Angeles, Calif.: Asylum Records, →OCLC:

A common, firm, round fruit produced by a tree of the genus Malus.

(Christianity) According to postbiblical Christian tradition, the fruit of the tree of knowledge which was eaten by Adam and Eve despite God commanding them not to do so; the forbidden fruit.


fruit tree

fruit trees (plural)
fruit-tree (alternative archaic)

The countryside of eastern Bohemia is cultivated intensely. Fruit trees grow thickly alongside the roads instead of the hawthorn hedges common in England.

1947 January and February, Gerald Druce (Jun.), “A Journey on the "Slovak Arrow"”, in Railway Magazine, page 17:

A tree that bears a crop of edible fruit on a regular basis.

vrugteboom

a tree that bears a crop of edible fruit on a regular basis


twig

PIE word
 *dwóh₁
From Middle English twig, twyg, twigge, twygge, from Old English twigg, twicg, from Proto-West Germanic *twiggu (“small twig, shoot”), apparently a diminutive of Proto-West Germanic *twig (“branch, twig”) (whence also Old English twiġ and twiġa), from Proto-Germanic *twīgą (compare West Frisian twiich, Dutch twijg, German Zweig), from Proto-Indo-European *dweygʰom (compare Old Church Slavonic двигъ (dvigŭ, “branch”), Albanian degë (“branch”)), from *dwóh₁. More at two.

cog

You need to find a source of motivation and play off of that. Whether it be the jock in high school that always called you fat, or the guy who picked on you and called you a twig.

2007 February 24, Matt Weik, CSCS, “Successful Tips and Tricks For Contest Prep!”, in Bodybuilding.com:

Schwarzenegger was long past his professional bodybuilding days when he and Carrere shot the tango scene, but he wasn’t a twig.

2022 July 19, Jason Rossi, “Arnold Schwarzenegger’s Most Dangerous Mistake on ‘True Lies’: ‘It Would Have Put Us Back 30 Days in the Production’”, in Showbiz CheatSheet:

(bodybuilding, slang) Somebody, or one of their body parts, not looking developed.


tree

Jamaican Creole: chrii

[t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔ʷiː]

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *drew-
Proto-Indo-European *-om
Proto-Germanic *trewą
Proto-West Germanic *treu
Old English trēow
Middle English tre
English tree
 PIE word
 *dóru
From Middle English tre, tree, treo, treou, trew, trow, from Old English trēo, trēow (“tree, wood, timber, beam, log, stake, stick, grove, cross, rood”), from Proto-West Germanic *treu, from Proto-Germanic *trewą (“tree, wood”), from pre-Germanic *dréwom, thematic e-grade derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”). Eclipsed alternative terms for tree in Middle English: Middle English beem, from Old English bēam (see beam) and Middle English arbre, from Old French arbre.
Cognates
From the same Proto-Indo-European: Scots tree (“wood, rod, stick”), North Frisian tre, trä (“tree”)Danish træ (“tree”), Swedish trä (“wood”), träd (“tree”), Norwegian tre (“tree”), Icelandic tré (“tree”), Gothic 𐍄𐍂𐌹𐌿 (triu, “tree, wood, piece of wood”), Sanskrit दारु (dāru, “tree, wood”), Albanian dru (“tree, wood”), Welsh dâr (“oaks”), Ancient Greek δόρυ (dóru, “wood, spear”), Russian де́рево (dérevo) or дре́во (drévo), Tocharian A or. Related to tar, true.

cog

fall out of the ugly tree and hit every branch

the apple does not fall far from the tree

I like good pussy and I like good trees / Smoke so much weed you wouldn't believe

2005, “Shake That”, in Eminem, Nate Dogg (lyrics), Curtain Call: The Hits:

Everyday man's on the block / Smoke trees (ah)

2017 September 22, “Man's Not Hot”performed by Big Shaq [Michael Dapaah]:

Whiskey with the team, got it bubblin' / I got trees in my luggage, I got tings out in London / Hope UK, what you say? Fuck is you sayin'?

2018, “Ace”, in Room 25, performed by Noname ft. Smino & Saba:


plum

→ Cornish: ploum

→ Haida: pláms

→ Manx: plumbis

→ Japanese: プラム (puramu)

→ Scottish Gaelic: plumas

→ Thai: พลัม (plam)

From Middle English plomme, ploume, from Old English plūme, from Proto-West Germanic *plūmā, borrowed from Latin prūnum. Doublet of prune.

Indian plum

esp Flacourtia indica; Osmaronia cerasiformis

The edible, fleshy stone fruit of several species resembling the plum, or the tree from which they grow.

Prunus sect. Prunocerasus North American plums


branch

branches (plural)
braunch (alternative obsolete)

From Middle English branche, braunche, bronche, from Old French branche, branke, from Late Latin branca (“footprint”, later also “paw, claw”) (whence Middle High German pranke, German Pranke (“paw”)), of unknown origin.
Perhaps of Celtic origin, from a hypothetical Gaulish *vranca, from Proto-Indo-European *wrónk-eh₂. If so, then Indo-European cognates include Old Norse rá, vró (“angle, corner”), and possibly Lithuanian rankà (“hand”), Old Church Slavonic рѫка (rǫka, “hand”), Albanian rangë (“yardwork”).
The verb is from Middle English braunchen, from the noun.

unk

unknown

the highest branch is not the safest roost

(Mormonism) A local congregation of the LDS Church that is not large enough to form a ward; see Wikipedia article on ward in LDS church.


plane

→ Irish: plána

From Latin plānum (“flat surface”), a noun use of the neuter of plānus (“plain”). The word was introduced in the 17th century to distinguish the geometrical senses from the other senses of plain. Doublet of llano, piano, and plain.

հարթություն

geometry: flat surface extending infinitely in all directions

Mirrors in the compartments have been canted out of the vertical plane to reduce reflections to the passengers when seated.

1979 August, Graham Burtenshaw, Michael S. Welch, “O.V.S. Bulleid's SR loco-hauled coaches - 1”, in Railway World, page 396:

(geometry) A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane); a bounded portion thereof.

(anatomy) An imaginary plane which divides the body into two portions.

astral plane

Nettie's stories about her experiences in Africa point out many parallels between the African and American ways of life. Her stories about the African lifestyle and family structure, in particular, point out the sexist and oppressive conditions that women are forced to submit to on a global plane.

1982 December 4, Catherine Joseph, “Empowered into Enlightenment”, in Gay Community News, volume 10, number 20, page 8:

(computing, Unicode) Any of 17 designated ranges of 2¹⁶ (65,536) sequential code points each.


plane

en-verb

plane (third-person singular simple present planes, present participle planing, simple past and past participle planed)

planes (present singular third-person)
planing (participle present)
planed (participle past)
planed (past)
'plane (alternative dated)

(nautical, of a boat) To move in a way that lifts the bow out of the water.

глисирам

to move in a way that lifts the bow of a boat out of the water


plane

From Middle English plane, borrowed from Old French plane, from Latin platanus, from Ancient Greek πλάτανος (plátanos), from πλατύς (platús, “wide, broad”).

(countable) A deciduous tree of the genus Platanus.


monolith

/ˈmɑn.əˌlɪθ/

The noun is borrowed from French monolithe (“object made from a single block of stone”), from Middle French monolythe (“made from a single block of stone”) (rare), and from their etymon Latin monolithus (“made from a single block of stone”), from Ancient Greek μονόλιθος (monólithos, “made from a single block of stone”), from μονο- (mono-, prefix meaning ‘alone; single’) (from μόνος (mónos, “alone; only, unique”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“little, small”)) + λίθος (líthos, “a stone; stone as a substance”); analysable as mono- + -lith. The English word is cognate with German monolith (“made from a single block of stone”).
The verb is derived from the noun.

cog

Tomb of Napoleon I. [...] Twelve colossal statues, by [James] Pradier, representing as many victories, stand against the pilasters, facing the tomb, consisting of an immense monolith of porphyry, weighing 135,000 lbs., and brought from Lake Onega in Finland at a cost of 140,000fr.

1856, “Tenth Arrondissement. Western Portion.”, in Galignani’s New Paris Guide, for 1856. […], Paris: A[nthony] and W[illiam] Galignani & Co. […], →OCLC, page 355:

Rumour, with her thousand tongues, affirms that the "Prince Albert Memorial" will not take the form of a monolith; we shall not be sorry to learn the fact of some more suitable monument having been decided upon.

1862, “The Monthly Mirror of Fact and Rumour”, in The National Magazine, volume XII, London: W. Tweedie […], →OCLC, page 48, column 1:

[...] I do not think that the idea of a serpent with a ball at its mouth is so very palpable a religious symbol, and one so innate, that it should be the very first thing which would occur as an emblem of the great deity of the waters, to aboriginal Egyptians, to monolith-setters in Brittany, to mound-builders in Ohio, to Peruvians and Mexicans.

1875, Charles G[odfrey] Leland, “Remarks on Colonel [Bardey] Kennon’s Letter”, in Fusang or The Discovery of America by Chinese Buddhist Priests in the Fifth Century, London: Trübner & Co., […], →OCLC, page 84:

The practice of using large blocks of stone, either as monoliths or as forming parts of structures, has existed from the earliest times in all parts of the world.

1875 August 27, John Hawkshaw, “British Association for the Advancement of Science. Bristol Meeting, August 25, 1875. Inaugural Address of the President, Sir John Hawkshaw, F.R.S.”, in William Crookes, editor, The Chemical News and Journal of Physical Science. […], volume XXXII, number 822, London: […] William Crookes, […], →OCLC, page 88, column 2:

Similar engines are erected in Yorkshire on concrete foundations, with a top layer of monolith or Bramley Fall stone, costing from £800 to £1000.

1889, Daniel Kinnear Clark, “Pair of Horizontal Compound Reversing Rail-mill Engines. […]”, in The Steam Engine: A Treatise on Steam Engines and Boilers. […], half-volume III, London, Glasgow: Blackie & Son, →OCLC, page 357:

On 2 April 1901 Doyle wrote to his mother from Rowe's Duchy Hotel at Princetown: [...] We did fourteen miles over the moor to-day and are now pleasantly weary. It is a great place, very sad and wild, dotted with the dwellings of prehistoric man, strange monoliths and huts and graves.

1901 April 2, W. W. Robson, quoting Arthur Conan Doyle, “Introduction”, in Arthur Conan Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles: Another Adventure of Sherlock Holmes (Oxford World’s Classics; The Oxford Sherlock Holmes), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, published 1993 (1998 reissue), →ISBN, page xii:

Foothold Ruin sits on an isolated sandstone monolith with additional rooms at the base. Access up the monolith is by a set of footholds in the rockface.

1987 March, Draft Farmington Resource Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement, Farmington, N.M.: Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Department of the Interior, →OCLC, page B-34, column 1:

The width of a monolith is the distance between monolith joints as measured along the axis of the dam. [...] In recent construction, monolith widths have been commonly set at approximately 50 feet but with some structures having monoliths ranging from 30 to 80 feet.

2012, “Arch Dams”, in J. Paul Guyer, editor, An Introduction to Design and Construction of Dams, El Macero, Calif.: The Clubhouse Press, section 1.2.6.1 (Spacing of Monolith Joints), page 32:

The Washington Monument is often described as an obelisk, and sometimes even as a "true obelisk," even though it is not. A true obelisk is a monolith, a pylon formed out of a single piece of stone.

2012 January, Henry Petroski, “The Washington Monument”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, New Haven, Conn.: Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-08-29, page 16:

[...] Chimney Rock State Park is one of North Carolina's newest state parks. Its most famous landmark is the park's namesake, a spectacular granite monolith known as Chimney Rock, providing panoramic views of Lake Lure, the surrounding mountains, and nearby Piedmont.

2015, Timothy P. Spira, “Hickory Nut Falls, Chimney Rock State Park”, in Waterfalls & Wildflowers in the Southern Appalachians: Thirty Great Hikes (A Southern Gateways Guide), Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, →ISBN, part III (Hike Narratives), page 100:

(also attributively) A large, single block of stone which is a natural feature; or a block of stone or other similar material used in architecture and sculpture, especially one carved into a monument in ancient times.

It was the setting up of generalizations of the first kind in [Charles J.] Fillmore (1966a, b) and (1968a) that awarded case grammar the role of being, besides abstract syntax, the second crack in the transformational monolith of the late sixties.

1980, Hans-Ulrich Boas, “Some Remarks on Case Grammars as Bases for Contrastive Studies”, in Jacek Fisiak, editor, Theoretical Issues in Contrastive Linguistics (Amsterdam Studies in the Theory and History of Linguistic Science, Series IV, Current Issues in Linguistic Theory; 12), Amsterdam, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, →ISSN, part II (Linguistic Models and Contrastive Studies of Language), page 71:

But English society is no monolith, and it is a gross simplification to force it into one mould.

1984, Joan Thirsk, “Preface”, in The Rural Economy of England (History Series; 25), London: The Hambledon Press, →ISBN, page vi:

Recent scholarship on colonial history has demonstrated that British America was not simply an English but rather a multicultural society. Far from being a homogeneous monolith, colonial society comprised many divergent races and ethnic groups.

1996, Charles Patrick Neimeyer, “A True Pell-mell of Human Souls: The Germans in the Continental Army”, in America at War: A Social History of the Continental Army (The American Social Experience Series; 33), New York, N.Y., London: New York University Press, →ISBN, page 44:

For whatever reason, one knows that the Senegalese poet-president [Léopold Sédar Senghor] became the Father of the ideology, cleverly weaving a network of cultural contributions and atavistic, essential, and behavioral components into a kind of black monolith hardly acceptable to anyone.

1996, Femi Ojo-Ade, “Nicolas Guillén: Negritude and Nationalism”, in Being Black, Being Human: More Essays on Black Culture, Trenton, N.J., Asmara, Eritrea: Africa World Press, published 2004, →ISBN, page 157:

Southern Democratic plantation masters' prestige and dominance were equivalent to monolith monarchs. They had influence around the world, especially within the political arena.

2012 May 14, Ernest Lawson Jr., Political Bias Distortion, Based on Philosophical Agendas, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Trafford Publishing, →ISBN, page 168:

Intentionally or not, the movie [Ralph Breaks the Internet] makes Disney feel as enormous as the internet itself, containing a series of micro-targeted idiosyncrasies and in-jokes that are nonetheless controlled by a cultural monolith (whether that's Disney or whatever massive corporation owns your local ISP).

2018 November 14, Jesse Hassenger, “Disney Goes Viral with an Ambitious, Overstuffed Wreck-It Ralph Sequel”, in The A.V. Club, archived from the original on 2019-11-21:

(also attributively and figurative) Anything massive, uniform, and unmovable, especially a towering and impersonal cultural, political, or social organization or structure.

monailit

anything massive, uniform, and unmovable

The conference chairman, Alois Jungbauer, Ph.D., professor at the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences in Vienna, defined a monolith as a continuous stationary-phase cast as a homogeneous column in a single piece. Monoliths are further characterized by a highly interconnected network of channels, most with sizes ranging from 1 to 5 µm. The adsorptive surface is directly accessible to solutes as they pass through the column.

2008 August 1, Pete Gagnon, “Monoliths Emerge as Key Purification Methodology”, in Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, volume 28, number 14, Mary Ann Liebert, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2008-12-11, page 48:

[W]ork performed by Gough et al. looked at the long-term culture (28 days) of craniofacial fibroblasts seeded on to monolith calcium/sodium phosphate glass surfaces.

2011, E. A. Abou Neel, V. Salih, J. C. Knowles, “Phosphate-based Glasses”, in Paul Ducheyne, editor, Comprehensive Biomaterials, volumes 1 (Metallic, Ceramic and Polymeric Biomaterials), Amsterdam, Kidlington, Oxfordshire: Elsevier, →ISBN, page 291, column 2:

(chemistry) A substrate having many tiny channels that is cast as a single piece, which is used as a stationary phase for chromatography, as a catalytic surface, etc.

[page 98] If a stub is to be retained, either for the reasons stated above, or when a tree is to be reduced to a "monolith" [...], unconventional methods of cutting or fracturing (not recommended in BS 3998) may be employed, [...] [page 147] Even dead standing or fallen trees are important, and so owners should be encouraged to be untidy-minded and to leave monoliths or fallen dead wood in situ.

2013 February, “Tree Work: Assessment of Requirements” and “Ancient Trees in the Landscape: Advocacy for Holistic and Landscape-scale Management”, in David Lonsdale, editor, Ancient and Other Veteran Trees: Further Guidance on Management, London: The Tree Council, →ISBN, archived from the original on 2020-02-05, pages 98 and 147:

Stumps of older fallen trees, known as upright monoliths, have incredible environmental value and can provide a home and food source for insects for decades.

2020 August 15, Jess Warren, “New home for remains of oak tree that fell into Earley road”, in The Wokingham Paper, Wokingham, Berkshire: Xn Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-09-10:

Unexpectedly, even some of the monoliths are throwing out new shoots. This is great news, as these trees contain ancient woodland DNA, so are a very valuable seedbank. Further along the site, Penny shows me a famous translocated stump... the Cubbington pear tree. [...] The stump was translocated, and the trunk used as a monolith - but not before dozens of cuttings had been taken, some of which are growing nearby. And the stump? It's already throwing out dozens of new shoots as it's become re-established.

2022 March 23, Paul Bigland, “HS2 is just 'passing through'”, in RAIL, number 953, page 44:

(British, horticulture) A dead tree whose height and size have been reduced by breaking off or cutting its branches.


monolith

en-verb

monolith (third-person singular simple present monoliths, present participle monolithing, simple past and past participle monolithed)

monoliths (present singular third-person)
monolithing (participle present)
monolithed (participle past)
monolithed (past)

/ˈmɑn.əˌlɪθ/

It should be noted that the parapets, also monolithing with the decking slab, contribute an important share to the effective resistance of the work.

1927, Ferro-concrete: The Monthly Review of Reinforced Concrete, volume 19, London: London & Norwich Press, →OCLC, page 58:

The main construction operations are the following: [...] 101,000 cu m of pre-fabricated concrete and 89,000 cu m for monolithing pre-fabricated structures.

1963, New Horizons: Topmost Dams of the World, Tokyo: Nihon Damu Kyōkai [Japan Dam Association], →OCLC, page 229, column 2:

The idea of joint action of carrying constructions for the seismic load by monolithing horizontal and vertical joints is [the] basis of designing frameless large panel buildings for earthquake resistance [...]

1965, Proceedings of the World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, volume 3, Berkeley, Calif.: University Extension, Department of Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 614:

Foundations were tied and monolithed, ductility was added to the structures [...] and specific measures were prescribed for each building, designed to prevent the entry of water into the ground; prohibiting wells, and channeling surface runoff.

2016, J. A. Martin-Caro, I. Paniagua, “Erbil Citadel Restoration: Some Thoughts on Earth-built Constructions Exposed to Seismic Action”, in C[arlos] A. Brebbia, editor, Sustainable Development (WIT Transactions on the Built Environment; 168), volume 1, Ashurst, Hampshire: WIT Press; Billerica, Mass.: Computational Mechanics International, →ISBN, →ISSN, section 9 (Architectural Heritage), page 588:

(transitive) To create (something) as, or convert (one or more things) into, a monolith.

(construction) To cast (one or more concrete components) in a single piece with no joints.

Residents who use the park regularly for sports say they are gobsmacked that the council consider cutting the tree down as the only option. But the council have said that public safety is paramount when assessing damaged trees, a branch crashing down could kill someone, and that the tree is not being cut down but just monolithed.

2018 December 5, Daniel Clark, “Campaigners Tie Themselves to Historic Cowick Barton Oak Tree that Council Says is Dangerous”, in Devon Live, archived from the original on 2018-12-06:

The go-ahead has been given to fell 23 Lawson cypress and ‘monolith’ (reduce to their main stems, without branches) four dead alder, which made up part of the woodland off Bickland Water Road.

2020 February 19, Emma Ferguson, The Falmouth Packet, Falmouth, Cornwall: Packet Newspapers, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-02-19:

(British, horticulture) To reduce the height and size of (a dead tree) by breaking off or cutting its branches.


ironwood

en-noun

ironwood (countable and uncountable, plural ironwoods)

From iron + wood, because of its toughness.

ijzerhout

any of a number of tree species known for having a particularly solid wood

Lydia and the boys lived in a shabby, prefabricated house of three rooms, which had been set down in the shade of an ironwood.

1987, Bruce Chatwin, The Songlines, Vintage, published 1998, page 139:

Any of numerous tree species known locally for having a particularly solid wood, or the wood of such species itself.

(Australia) Acacia esthrophiolata, Acacia excelsa, Acacia melanoxylon, Acacia stenophylla, or Erythrophleum chlorostachys.


Christmas tree

Christmas trees (plural)
Christmas's tree (alternative)
X-mas tree (alternative)
Xmas tree (alternative)

PIE word
 *dóru
[[File:Emoji u1f384.svg|thumb||200px|The emoji for Christmas tree: see the entry at 🎄.]]
From Christmas + tree, a calque of German Weynacht Baum (obsolete, 17th c.), Weihnachtsbaum, from Weynacht, Weihnacht (literary or poetic variant of Weihnachten (“Christmas”)) + -s- (genitive interfix) + Baum (“tree”). The custom of Christmas trees was adopted in the United Kingdom from Germany in the 19th century, having been popularized by their use by the royal family during the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901.
Sense 3 (“Christmas party”) refers to the fact that there is usually a Christmas tree (sense 1) at the event.

joulukuusi

something which resembles a Christmas tree in appearance or shape

The existing ramp, the part that the B-52 used, a great amount of it was out in the alert area, on what we call a christmas tree^([sic]) stub at the end of the runway, in a dispersed posture.

1968 May 1, Colonel Fenlon, witness, “Statement of Maj. Gen. G. H. Goddard, Director of Civil Engineering, U.S. Air Force—Resumed”, in Military Construction Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1969: Joint Hearings before the Subcommittees on Military Construction of the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, Ninetieth Congress, Second Session on H.R. 18785, an Act Making Appropriations for Military Construction for the Department of Defense for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1969, and for Other Purposes […], Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 350:

At the eastern tip of the runway-taxiway lay the alert area for about nine aircraft, along with an alert building for the airmen to live. This area, called the "Christmas Tree" as a result of the Christmas tree shape of the runway pattern for alert aircraft, had compacted gravel base for concrete, but had not been paved.

1975, Robert Herman Kelting, The Great Bong Bungle, volume I (unpublished dissertation), Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin–Madison, →OCLC, page 21:

The current alert area consists of a "Christmas Tree" configuration with alert parking stubs angled at 45° off of a central taxiway.

1983 April 19, Norman G. Delbridge, Jr., witness, “Questions Submitted by Senator Strom Thurmond, Answers Supplied by Gen. Norman G. Delbridge, Jr., Assistant Chief of Engineers, Office of the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army”, in Military Construction Authorization Fiscal Year 1984: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Military Construction of the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, First Session on S. 720, a Bill to Authorize Certain Construction at Military Installations for Fiscal Year 1984, and for Other Purposes […] (S. Hrg. 98-448), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 252:

(by extension) Something which resembles a Christmas tree (sense 1) in appearance (for example, in having coloured lights) or shape.

(US, aviation, historical) An alert area at an air base with aircraft parked in stubs arranged at a 45-degree angle to a central taxiway to enable them to move rapidly to a runway; these were constructed by the Strategic Air Command of the United States Air Force during the Cold War (generally 1947–1991).

joulukuusi

SYDNEY CHRISTMAS-TREE [running head] […] The shrub chosen as the Sydney "Christmas" is well worthy of the honour […] The flowers, which are irregularly star-shaped, […] continue increasing in size, and gradually ripening in tint, becoming first a pearl white, then palest blush, then pink, rose-colour, and crimson: the constant change taking place in them, and the presence of all these hues at one time on a spray of half a dozen flowers, has a singularly pretty appearance.

1844, Mrs. Charles Meredith [i.e., Louisa Anne Meredith], chapter XIII, in Notes and Sketches of New South Wales. During a Residence in that Colony from 1839 to 1844, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 127:

In summer, Nuytsia floribunda or WA [Western Australian] Christmas tree dot the roadsides and fields. Christmas trees have long been known to the Noongar people as moodjar, who say the trees hold the spirits of their ancestors. It blooms consistently October to December, signalling the arrival of Christmas, and is believed to be the largest parasitic tree in the world.

2021, Melissa Connell, Catherine Lawson, Grace Hamill, “Geraldton and Wildflower Country”, in 100 Things to See on Australia’s Coral Coast: + Karijini and the Pilbara, Bulli, Wollongong, N.S.W.: Exploring Eden Media, →ISBN, page 51, column 2:

The moodjar (Nuytsia floribunda), also known as the Christmas tree because it flowers during the southern summer festive season, has roots that infect neighbouring trees.

2023, Derek Harvey [et al.], “Mediterranean-type Shrublands”, in Rob Houston, editor, Habitats: Discover Earth’s Precious Wild Places, London: Dorling Kindersley, →ISBN, page 74, column 1:

(Australia) Often with a descriptive word: any of several shrubs or trees native to Australia which bloom in summer at the end of the year around Christmastime, and so may be used as a Christmas decoration; especially the fire tree or moodjar (Nuytsia floribunda).

joulupuu

Another interesting and characteristic tree confined to the province of Auckland is the pohutukawa (Metrosideros tomentosa) or Christmas tree of the settlers, so called from its blooming at the Christmas season and taking the place, in household decoration, of the berried mistletoe and holly.

1884, Alex[ander] Wilson, “Auckland”, in Alex[ander] Wilson, Rutherford Waddell, T. W. Whitson, Maoriland: Illustrated Handbook to New Zealand, Melbourne, Vic.; Sydney, N.S.W.: George Robertson and Co. […] [for the Union Steam Ship Company of New Zealand], →OCLC, page 157:

Perhaps the most strikingly beautiful New Zealand flower is the pohutukawa (Metrosideros tomentosa), a close relation of the ratas. It, too, has brilliant red flowers, also spiky, and from their season of blooming it is sometimes called the Christmas-tree.

1907 October 26, Constance A[lice] Barnicoat, “New Zealand Wild Flowers”, in Country Life, volume XXII, number 564, London: George Newnes […], →OCLC, page 589, column 1:

Metrosideros tomentosa (Myrtaceae), 47571. From Auckland, New Zealand. Seeds presented by Mr. James W. Poynton. "The Christmas tree of our early settlers; native name 'pohutukawa.' It comes into bloom mostly during the Christmas week (midsummer here). The flowers are deep red and the tree is very pretty when in flower.[…]" (Poynton.)

[1919 August 28, James W. Poynton, quotee, Plant Immigrants, number 160, Washington, D.C.: Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction, Bureau of Plant Industry, U.S. Department of Agriculture, →OCLC, page 1471:

Remember the early, not too early, mornings when you went together down a cliff-side track to the little beach fringed with crimson-flowering pohutukawa—a Garden of Eden touch for southern eyes. […] Then the scramble up the track, glimpsing the dark-red Christmas tree blossoms against the sea's azure, to the relish of fried eggs and bacon and good strong tea, swallowed hot, cup after cup—before the new-fangled coffee sipping.

1993, Ian Milner, “Waitaki Days, Waitaki Nights”, in Intersecting Lines: The Memoirs of Ian Milner, Wellington: Victoria University Press, →ISBN, page 66:

M. excelsa is a tree that is very significant to the history and people of New Zealand. […] [T]he New Zealand Christmas Tree’s Maori name of “Pohutukawa” translates closely to “head dress of red feathers” as the flowers according to legend were mistaken for feathers by a Maori chief[…].

2010, Felina Marie Cordova, Ronald Ross Watson, “New Zealand Christmas Tree: Historic Uses and Cancer Prevention”, in Ronald Ross Watson, Victor R. Preedy, editors, Bioactive Foods and Extracts: Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, section IV (Nonbotanical Dietary Components), page 584:

pohutukawa

(New Zealand) Synonym of pohutukawa (“a coastal evergreen tree, Metrosideros excelsa, native to New Zealand and producing a brilliant display of red flowers with prominent stamens around Christmastime”)


deciduous

From Latin dēciduus (“falling down or off”), from dēcidō (“fall down”).

. Compare caducous.

a deciduous tree

(botany) Of or pertaining to trees which lose their leaves in winter or the dry season.

սաղարթավոր

of or pertaining to trees which lose their leaves in winter or the dry season

Laub-

as in Laubbaum (deciduous tree) or Laubwald (deciduous forest)


evergreen

Near-synonym: nondeciduous

...these three little creeping vines put forth their hands with joy, and spread over rock and hillock and twisted tree-root and mouldering log, in cloaks and scarves and wreaths of tiny evergreen, glossy leaves.

Of plants, especially trees, that do not shed their leaves seasonally.

вечназялёны

of plants, that do not shed their leaves


trunk

en-verb

trunk (third-person singular simple present trunks, present participle trunking, simple past and past participle trunked)

trunks (present singular third-person)
trunking (participle present)
trunked (participle past)
trunked (past)

From Middle English tronke, trunke, from Old French tronc (“alms box, tree trunk, headless body”), from Latin truncus (“a stock, lopped tree trunk”), from truncus (“cut off, maimed, mutilated”). For the verb, compare French tronquer, and see truncate. Doublet of truncus and tronk.

der

Large streames of bloud out of the truncked stocke / Forth gushed, like fresh water streame from riuen rocke.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 10:

(transitive, obsolete) To lop off; to curtail; to truncate.


eucalyptus

en-noun

eucalyptus (plural eucalypti or eucalyptuses)

eucalypti (plural)
eucalyptuses (plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-
Proto-Hellenic *ehu-
Ancient Greek ἐΰς (eǘs)
Ancient Greek εὖ (eû)
Ancient Greek εὐ- (eu-)
Ancient Greek καλύπτω (kalúptō)
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Ancient Greek -τός (-tós)
Ancient Greek καλυπτός (kaluptós)
taxonomic name Eucalyptuslbor.
French eucalyptusbor.
English eucalyptus
Borrowed from French eucalyptus.

etymon

Any of many trees, of genus Eucalyptus, native mainly to Australia.


waver

Origin uncertain, possibly from waive (“(obsolete) to disregard, overlook”). According to the Oxford English Dictionary the early forms waiver, wayver, weaver indicate that the word is probably not derived from wave (verb).

It is a very ordinary Copſe vvhich vvill not afford three or four Firſts, that is, Beſts; fourteen Seconds; tvvelve Thirds; eight VVavers, &c. according to vvhich proportions the ſizes of young Trees in Copſing are to ſucceed one another.

1664, J[ohn] E[velyn], “Of Copses”, in Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-trees and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesties Dominions. […], London: […] Jo[hn] Martyn, and Ja[mes] Allestry, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, page 71:

In some parts of this County, considerable pains seem to be taken in the use of the Falling Axe[…], to form the stools or stumps left in the ground in Spring Woods, rather round at top, to shoot off the wet and preserve the butt from decay, where young shoots or wavers are expected from them: […] the sooner the young waver, or wavers especially, if more than one are left for Trees, attaches itself to and entirely depends on one of the healthy lateral roots[…], by the entire decay of the core or centre, the better is the future prospect of such wavers, as to making good Trees, […]

1813, John Farey, Sen., “Woods and Plantations”, in General View of the Agriculture and Minerals of Derbyshire; […], volume II, London: […] B. M‘Millan, […]; sold by G[eorge] and W[illiam] Nicol, […], →OCLC, section I (Copse Woods), page 232:

(obsolete except UK, dialectal, dated) A sapling or other young tree left standing when other trees around it have been felled.


standel

It was ordered that twelve standels or storers per acre in coppices or underwoods of twenty-four years' growth or less should be excluded from felling, and twelve 'great trees' on every acre above twenty-four years' growth.

1957, H.R. Schubert, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry, page 221:

a young tree, especially one reserved when others are cut.


storer

Offer the PCB waste to transporters, disposers, or commercial storers of PCB waste who have not received an EPA identification number.

2005, Code of Federal Regulations, page 699:


storer

A young tree, especially one reserved when others are cut; a standel.


bonsai

en-noun

bonsai (countable and uncountable, plural bonsai or bonsais)

From Japanese 盆栽 (bonsai), from Middle Chinese 盆 (MC bwon, “bowl”) + 栽 (MC tsoj|dzojH, “to plant”).

(uncountable) The art of planting and growing trees or plants in such a manner.


alamo

A poplar tree of Southwestern U.S.; a cottonwood (Populus spp.).


bole

From Middle English bole, from Old Norse bolr, akin to Danish bul and German Bohle (“plank”). See also bulwark (“defensive wall”).

Enormous elm-tree boles did stoop and lean / Upon the dusky brushwood underneath / Their broad curved branches, fledged with clearest green, / New from its silken sheath.

1842, Alfred Tennyson, “A Dream of Fair Women”, in Poems, volume 1, page 188:

A fine powder filled the air and caressed the cheek with a tingle in its touch, and the black boles of the trees showed up in a light that seemed to come from below.

1908 October, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC:


bole

bole (countable and uncountable, plural boles)

From Ancient Greek βῶλος (bôlos, “clod or lump of earth”): compare French bol. Doublet of bolus.

bor

Good Iznik has strong colours well-contained within their outlines and a very clean, clear white. The red colour, made with Armenian bole (an earthy clay) should be thick and proud of the surface.

2018 April 14, “8 things to know about İznik pottery”, in Christie's:

Any of several varieties of friable earthy clay, usually coloured red by iron oxide, and composed essentially of hydrous silicates of alumina, or more rarely of magnesia.

The shade of reddish brown which resembles this clay.

[…]or else[…]the churches were very incurious to swallow such a bole, if no pretension could have been reasonably made for their justification.

1649, Jeremy Taylor, “An Apology for Authorized and Set Forms of Liturgy Against the Pretence of the Spirit”, in Charles Page Eden, editor, The Whole Works of the Right Rev. Jeremy Taylor, D.D., volume V, published 1849, page 294:


bole

"Open the bole," said the old woman firmly and hastily to her daughter-in-law, “open the bole wi' speed, that I may see if this be the right Lord Geraldin[…].

1816, Walter Scott, The Antiquary, Adam and Charles Black, published 1862, page 220:

(Scotland) An aperture with a shutter in the wall of a house, to admit air or light.


plash

From Middle English *plasshen, *plaisshen, *plesshen, from Old French plaissier, plessier (“to bend”), from Latin plectere (“to plait, weave”).
For the noun, compare Middle English plaisshes (“hedges forming an enclosure, palisade of hedges or wattles”). Compare also pleach.

cog

The branch of a tree partly cut or bent, and bound to, or intertwined with, other branches.


holly

en-noun

holly (countable and uncountable, plural hollies)

From Middle English holly, holi, holie, a shortened variation of holin, holyn (> English dialectal hollen, holm), from Old English holeġn, holen (“holly; prince, protector”), from Proto-West Germanic *hulis (“holly”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, break”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots holin, hollin, holyn (“holly”), Dutch hulst (“holly”), German Hulst (“holly”), French houx ("holly" < Germanic), Danish hylver (“holly”), Welsh celyn (“holly”), Russian ко́лос (kólos, “ear of wheat”), Albanian kalli (“straw, chaff”), Latin culmus (“stalk, stem”), Sanskrit कटम्ब (kaṭamba, “arrow”), Old Church Slavonic класъ (klasŭ, “ear of grain”).

cog

Have a tree or two the witches particularly like, such as the alder, larch, cypress and hemlock; then, to counteract any possible evil effects, there must be a holly, yew, hazel, elder, mountain ash or juniper.

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 273:

Any of various shrubs or (mostly) small trees, of the genus Ilex, either evergreen or deciduous, used as decoration especially at Christmas.

ashe

any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Ilex


mangle

Borrowed from Spanish mangle, mangue, probably from an Arawakan language (such as Taíno), or a Cariban language.

(chiefly Caribbean, US) Synonym of mangrove.

Synonym of mangrove.
A forest of such trees.


measles

Either from Middle Dutch masels (“blood blisters, measels”) or Middle Low German maselen (“red blemishes, measels”), both from Old High German masala (“blood blister, phlegmon”). Doublet of measlings. Cognate with mazer & mase and Middle Low German masele & māsel. Influenced in pronunciation and some senses by mesel (“leprous, leper”).

der

measle (alternative)
the measles (alternative)
measels (alternative)

Maybe it's the 'measles. They say they're going around the neighborhood.

1970, Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, page 78:

Olivia, my eldest daughter, caught measles when she was seven years old. As the illness took its usual course I can remember reading to her often in bed and not feeling particularly alarmed about it.

1986, Roald Dahl, Measles: A Dangerous Illness:

In the camps a case of measles is defined as a generalized rash of three or more days duration, with a fever of at least 38.8°C.., and any one of the following: cough, coryza or conjunctivitis.

1990, International Journal of Epidemiology, volume 19, page 1073:

Although the MMR vaccine was introduced in 1988, Britain offered separate measles injections until 1999.

2002 February 10, Sarah Lyall, “Britain Tries to Quell Fear Over Vaccine for Children”, in The New York Times, archived from the original on 2021-02-14:

(pathology) An acute and highly contagious disease which often afflicts children caused by the virus Measles morbillivirus and causing red rashes, fever, runny nose, coughing, and red eyes.

Their fruit-trees are subject to two diseases, the Meazels... and lowsiness.

1674, John Josselyn, An Account of Two Voyages to New-England, page 190:

(botany, obsolete) Any disease causing a tree's bark to become rough and irregular.


elm

en-noun

elm (countable and uncountable, plural elms)

elms (plural)
ellum (alternative pronunciation-spelling)

From Middle English elme, elm, from Old English elm, from Proto-West Germanic *elm, from Proto-Germanic *elmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”).
See also dialectal Low German Elm, dialectal German Ilm, archaic German Ilme, Norwegian and Swedish alm; also Irish leamh, Latin ulmus, Albanian ulzë (“maple”).

Japanese elm

Ulmus davidiana var. japonica; Zelkova serrata

It was not far from the house; but the ground sank into a depression there, and the ridge of it behind shut out everything except just the roof of the tallest hayrick. As one sat on the sward behind the elm, with the back turned on the rick and nothing in front but the tall elms and the oaks in the other hedge, it was quite easy to fancy it the verge of the prairie with the backwoods close by.

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

The village is a dignified place of thatch, half-timbering, box hedges and neat farms, set among elms (though not as many as formerly, since Dutch elm disease took its toll) on the level plain of the Pewsey Vale.

1980, AA Book of English Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 67:

(countable) A tree of the genus Ulmus of the family Ulmaceae, large deciduous trees with alternate stipulate leaves and small apetalous flowers.


stump

From Middle English stumpe, stompe (“stump”), from or akin to Middle Low German stump (“stump”) or Middle Dutch stomp, from Old Saxon or Old Dutch *stump, from Proto-West Germanic *stump, from Proto-Germanic *stumpaz (“stump, blunt, part cut off”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch stomp (“stump”), Old High German stumph (“stump”) (German Stumpf), Old Norse stumpr (“stump”). More at stop.

The remains of something that has been cut off; especially the remains of a tree, the remains of a limb.

cung

(politics) The place or occasion at which a campaign takes place; the husting.

трибуна

politics: place where campaigning takes place

(drawing) An artists’ drawing tool made of rolled paper used to smudge or blend marks made with charcoal, Conté crayon, pencil or other drawing media.


stump

en-verb

stump (third-person singular simple present stumps, present participle stumping, simple past and past participle stumped)

stumps (present singular third-person)
stumping (participle present)
stumped (participle past)
stumped (past)
stump (infinitive)
stump (first-person present singular)
stumped (first-person past singular)
stump (present second-person singular)
stumpest (archaic present second-person singular)
stumped (past second-person singular)
stumpedst (archaic past second-person singular)
stumps (present singular third-person)
stumpeth (archaic present singular third-person)
stumped (past singular third-person)
stump (plural present)
stumped (past plural)
stump (present subjunctive)
stumped (past subjunctive)
stump (imperative present)
stumping (participle present)
stumped (participle past)

A herd of boys with clamour bowled, / And stumped the wicket.

1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Prologue”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC:

(transitive, cricket) To bowl down the stumps of (a wicket).


koko

Albizia lebbeck
Albizia lebbeck#Translingual


arboretum

en-noun

arboretum (plural arboretums or arboreta)

/ɑː(ɹ)bəˈɹiːtəm/

Borrowed from Latin arborētum (“place with trees growing, plantation of trees”), from arbor (“tree”).

bor

A place where many varieties of tree are grown for research, educational, and ornamental purposes.


conifer

From Latin cōnifer (“bearing cones”), by surface analysis, Latin cōnus (“cone”) + -fer.

surf

(botany) A plant belonging to the order Coniferales; a cone-bearing seed plant with vascular tissue, usually a tree.

хво́йні pl (xvójni, literally “conifers”)


greave

From Middle English greve, from Old English grǣfe, grǣfa (“bush, bramble, grove, thicket, copse, brush-wood (for burning), fuel”), probably related to Proto-Germanic *grōbō (“ditch, hole”).
Cognate with Scots greve, greave (“grove”). Compare also Proto-Germanic *grainiz (“twig”), of unknown origin, whence Old Norse grein (“branch, bough”). Closely related to Old English grāf, grāfa (“grove”). See grove.

she fled into that covert greave

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


dragon tree

Another ancient vegetable relic surviving in Macaronesia is the legendary dragon tree, whose sap, marketed as dragon’s blood, was in past times much prized as a medicine, as incense and as a dye.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 97:

Any of several trees, of the genus Dracaena, having a thick trunk, sword-shaped leaves and orange fruit, especially Dracaena draco, of the Canary Islands – the source of dragon's blood.


abura

Any tree of species of genus Mitragyna, from the family Rubiaceae:

A large-sized tropical African tree, Mitragyna ledermannii (syn. Mitragyna ciliata)


mangrove

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-mangrove.wav

A modification of earlier mangrowe (obsolete) by the influence of grove (“small forest”) through folk etymology. Mangrowe is probably borrowed from Spanish mangle, mangue (whence English mangle) (probably from an Arawakan language (such as Taíno), or a Cariban language) + an unknown word ending.

black mangrove)

Avicennia germinans; Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera gymnorhiza

freshwater mangrove

Barringtonia, Carallia brachiata (Australia)

red mangrove

Rhizophora stylosa; Rhizophora mucronata, Heritiera littoralis (Australia)

rope mangrove

Hibiscus tiliaceus or Laguncularia racemosa

The channel by which we went to, and returned from Olinda, was bordered on each side by mangroves, which sprang like a miniature forest out of the greasy mud-banks. The bright green colour of these bushes always reminded me of the rank grass in a churchyard: both are nourished by putrid exhalations; the one speaks of death past, and the other too often of death to come.

1839, Charles Darwin, chapter XXIII, in Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty’s Ships Adventure and Beagle, between the Years 1826 and 1836, […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 593:

We called […] in and out of rivers, streams of death in life, whose banks were rotting into mud, whose waters, thickened into slime, invaded the contorted mangroves, that seemed to writhe at us in the extremity of an impotent despair.

1899 February, Joseph Conrad, “The Heart of Darkness”, in Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, volume CLXV, number M, New York, N.Y.: The Leonard Scott Publishing Company, […], →OCLC, part I, page 204, column 1:

This lush forest, just a few miles from the Guatemalan border, teems with diverse wildlife – from crocodiles and crabs to fish darting through seemingly endless mangroves.

2024 September 5, Camilo Freedman, “The vanishing mangroves of El Salvador: ‘All our efforts may only slow the destruction’”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2025-03-17:

Any of various tropical and subtropical evergreen shrubs or trees chiefly of the Rhizophoraceae family that have aerial roots and grow in clumps in brackish intertidal coastal areas; (specifically) any of various trees of the genus Rhizophora, especially the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle).

المنغروف

any of various tropical and subtropical evergreen shrubs or trees chiefly of the Rhizophoraceae family that have aerial roots and grow in clumps in brackish intertidal coastal areas

(by extension)
A forest of such shrubs or trees.

Preceded by a descriptive word: any of various shrubs or trees of genera other than Rhizophora which resemble plants of this genus in appearance and habitat.

mangrove

There has been some investigation into the potential of seaweeds as a carbon store, and although more is needed, one study says that seaweed habitats are believed to be the most productive of all coastal vegetated ecosystems, and suggested that the world's seaweed sequesters as much carbon as all the planet’s seagrass meadows, saltmarshes and mangroves combined.

2023 September 27, Vincent Doumeizel, “Opinion: Seaweed is Nutritious, Not Slimy. Eating It could Save the World.”, in CNN, archived from the original on 2025-05-13:

(ecology, also attributive) Synonym of mangal (“a tropical and subtropical coastal intertidal swampland ecosystem characterized by mangroves (sense 1) or similar shrubs and trees”).


arborescent

en-adj

arborescent (comparative more arborescent, superlative most arborescent)

more arborescent (comparative)
most arborescent (superlative)

/ɑːbəˈɹɛsənt/

/ɑːɹbəˈɹɛsənt/

From Latin arborēscēns, present active participle of arborēscō (“become a tree”). First attested around 1675. The philosophical sense refers to the way genealogy trees are drawn.

Hydatica. Stem arborescent, jointed, branched; leaves long, linear.

1825 October, “Antediluvian Phytology, illustrated by a collection of the Fossil Remains of Plants peculiar to the Coal Formations of Great Britain. By Edmund Tyrell Artis, F.S.A. & G.S. London, 1825. 4to. Introduction xii. p.: pp. 24: plates 24.”, in Richard Taylor, editor, The Philosophical Magazine and Journal: Comprehending the Various Branches of Science, the Liberal and Fine Arts, Agriculture, Manufactures, and Commerce, volume LXVI, number 330, London: Printed by Richard Taylor, Shoe-Lane [...], →OCLC, page 297:

In §1 we review the definition of the arborescent links and discuss a convention to inductively analyze these links. We also recall some facts about foliations. In §2 we show how to represent an oriented arborescent link L by a special type of tree called a candidate tree.

1986 January, David Gabai, “Genera of the Arborescent Links”, in Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, volume 59, number 339, Providence, R.I.: American Mathematical Society, →ISBN, →ISSN, page vii:

Robinia, with its center of distribution in the southern Alleghany region, is represented by two arborescent and one frutescent species in the Atlantic and by one arborescent species in the Pacific region.

1991, Charles S[prague] Sargent, Report on the Forests of North America (exclusive of Mexico), volume 9, number 32, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →ISBN, page 14:

We will say that the simplicial complex X is arborescent if we can obtain it by a sequence of Whitehead dilations starting from a point. This sequence can be non-locally finite. Also "arborescent" does not imply "collapsible" (R² for instance is arborescent). We will say that a 2-dimensional simplicial context X is almost arborescent if it can be obtained by a series of Whitehead dilations and of additions of 2-cells along their boundaries, starting from a point.

2004, V[alentin] Poénaru, C. Tanasi, “Equivariant, Almost-arborescent Representations of Open Simply-connected 3-manifolds: A Finiteness Result”, in Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, volume 169, number 800, American Mathematical Society, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 4:

Like a tree; having a structure or appearance similar to that of a tree; branching.


tree trunk

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tree trunk.wav

(botany) The main structural member of a tree.


plume nutmeg

Atherosperma moschatum
Atherosperma moschatum#Translingual

An aromatic Australian tree (Atherosperma moschatum), whose numerous carpels are tipped with long plumose persistent styles.


limba

This was the wood of the limba tree — a native of the Mayumbe forest — from which is produced a beautifully grained, blond, high-quality veneer for plywood and other uses.

1965, Theodore Geiger, editor, Agrifor and U.S. Plywood in the Congo, Issue 12, page 50:

Limba occurred in blocks a, c and d and varied from 0.1 to 0.6 exploitable trees per hectare on average.

1991, Ján Borota, tropical forests: some African and Asian case studies of composition and structure, Elsevier, page 101:

Because of the decline of harvestable Limba trees in natural forests, a reforestation program was then undertaken by the government using local seed sources [5].

1994, Richard C. Schultz, Joe P. Colletti, editors, Opportunities for Agroforestry in the Temperate Zone Worldwide: Proceedings of the Third North American Agroforestry Conference, page 242:

A large African tree, Terminalia superba, whose hard wood is used for furniture, table tennis paddles and musical instruments.


keurboom

From Afrikaans keur (“pick or choice”) + boom (“tree”).

(South Africa) A species of tree, Virgilia oroboides, noted for its pretty lilac flowers.


sulfur tree

(botany) Any tree whose branches are covered with yellow club moss spores


boxwood

en-noun

boxwood (countable and uncountable, plural boxwoods)

From box + wood; box from Latin buxus (“box-tree, object made of boxwood”), of uncertain origin; compare Ancient Greek πύξος (púxos).

uder

Buxus sempervirens
Buxus sempervirens#Translingual

(countable, uncountable) The box tree, Buxus sempervirens.

(uncountable) The hard, close-grained wood of this tree, used in delicate woodwork and in making inlays.

boix

the hard, close-grained wood of this tree

(countable, uncountable) Any tree of genus Buxus.


box tree

(botany) Any of several trees, of the genus Buxus, often used as a hedge, for topiary, and as a source of boxwood

(botany) Any trees of diverse species in Lophostemon, Eucalyptus, or other genera native to Australia.


tung tree

/ˈtʊŋ ˌtɹiː/

/ˈtʌŋ ˌtɹiː/

Any of the genus Vernicia, especially Vernicia fordii (syn. Aleurites fordii), of east Asian trees or shrubs cultivated for their seeds which are a source of tung oil.


siris

sirisa (alternative)
sirissa (alternative)
sirris (alternative)


longan

Borrowed from Cantonese 龍眼 /龙眼 (lung⁴ ngaan⁵, literally “dragon’s eye”). Doublet of Longyan (“grape”).

bor+

An evergreen tree, Dimocarpus longan, of the Sapindaceae family, native to southern China.


olivewood

en-noun

olivewood (countable and uncountable, plural olivewoods)

olivewoods (plural)
olive wood (alternative)

Any of several ornamental trees of the genus Cassine.


whitewood

whitewood (countable and uncountable, plural whitewoods)

Any of several deciduous trees, some used for furniture, such as the tulip tree.

Terminalia buceras (black olive, gregory wood), a Caribbean tree

Coccoloba krugii (whitewood seagrape), of the neotropics

Petrobium atboreum (Saint Helena whitewood), an endemic tree of the island of St Helena

An Australian rainforest tree of species Elaeocarpus kirtonii (brown-heart quandong, mountain beech, Mowbullan whitewood, pigeonberry ash, silver quandong, white quandong, white beech)

Elaeocarpus obovatus (blueberry-ash), freckled oliveberry, grey carrobean, hard quandong), an Australian rainforest tree

Liriodendron tulipifera
Liriodendron tulipifera#Translingual

Liriodendron tulipifera (tulip poplar), a large flowering tree of North America.

Tabebuia heterophylla (white cedar), of the Caribbean and South America.

(uncountable) Wood of these trees or of spruce (Picea spp.)


tingi

A Brazilian tree, Magonia pubescens, whose seeds yield soap.


pollard

From poll (“head, scalp”) + -ard. The coin sense derives from the original penny's uncrowned obverse bust, as opposed to the laurel-wreathed form appearing on the rosary. The verb derives from the noun.

The enclosure was indeed little beyond that of a good-sized paddock – its boundaries were visible on every side – but swelling uplands, covered with massy foliage sloped down to its wild irregular turf soil – soil poor for pasturage, but pleasant to the eye; with dell and dingle, bosks of fantastic pollards – dotted oaks of vast growth – here and there a weird hollow thorn-tree – patches of fern and gorse.

1857, Pisistratus Caxton [pseudonym; Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter I, in What will He Do with It? (Collection of British Authors; CCCCVII), Tauchnitz edition, volume I, Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, →OCLC, book II, page 140:

Only a little pollard hedge kept us from their blood-shot eyes.

1869, Richard Doddridge Blackmore, “Chapter 65”, in Lorna Doone:

Nothing was to be seen save flat meadows, cows feeding unconcernedly for the most part, and silvery pollard willows motionless in the warm sunlight.

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 98:

And at this place there was a long, straight causeway, with two long rows of pollard willows, one upon either hand.

1903, Howard Pyle, The Story of King Arthur and His Knights, Part III, Chapter Third, page 116

(often attributive) A pruned tree; the wood of such trees.


deadfall

deadfall (countable and uncountable, plural deadfalls)

A fifth negative test pit was excavated near the largest creek at Middle Point. As well, the roots of all deadfalls within the corridor were examined for the presence of cultural material. Deadfalls were more common in the drier areas, especially near stream channels.

1988 February, Rachel Joan Dale, J. David McMahan, “Research Methodology and Results”, in Cultural Resources Survey of the Proposed North Douglas Highway Extension, Outer Point to Point Hilda (Project No. 68870) (Office of History and Archaeology; report no. 12), Anchorage, Ak.: Office of History and Archaeology, Division of Parks and Outdoor Recreation, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, →OCLC, page 9:

We should go up to the forest and see if we can find more dry deadfalls. That green wood you were trying to burn last night was all smoke and no heat.

2012, Robin Hobb [pseudonym; Margaret Astrid Lindholm Ogden], City of Dragons (The Rain Wild Chronicles; 3), London: Harper Voyager, →ISBN:

(uncountable, Canada, US) Coarse woody debris; deadwood.

(countable, specifically) A fallen tree.

Coarse woody debris; deadwood.
A fallen tree.

It [the wolverine] is so cunning as rarely to enter a deadfall itself, but will carefully pull it to pieces and then eat the bait in safety. I was informed by hunters at Selkirk Settlement that they sometimes lost the successful result of several days' trapping by a single wolverine, which, following their path, would pull down every deadfall, or destroy any animal already caught.

1859, Robert Kennicott, “The Quadrupeds of Illinois Injurious and Beneficial to the Farmer. [Wolverine, or Glutton.]”, in Report of the Commissioner of Patents for the Year 1858: Agriculture (House of Representatives, 35th Congress, 2d Session; executive document no. 105), Washington, D.C.: James B[lair] Steedman, printer, →OCLC, page 246:

The beaver trap is a deadfall of considerable weight, nicely adjusted over the animal's road or track, frequently on a dam. […] The animal passing under the deadfall has to step on a little stick raised an inch or two above the ground, and this brings down the deadfall on its back.

1876, John J. Rowan, “The Trapper”, in The Emigrant and Sportsman in Canada. […], London: Edward Stanford, […], →OCLC, page 369:

It was a week after the taking of the black fox that Skookum Bill, on a short exploring trip a few miles west of their cabin, came across a deadfall which held a dead marten. He took the marten, and, when he returned, said to Dobbs: "I didn't know you'd built any deadfalls in the timber past the big draw?"

1922 November 25, A[rthur] M[urray] Chisholm, “A Thousand a Plate”, in Western Story Magazine, volume XXX, number 4, New York, N.Y.: Street & Smith Corporation, →OCLC, chapter II, page 90, column 2:

Marten, wolverine, lynx, ermine, fox, mink, beaver, and land otter were plentiful in the general vicinity of Kijik and traps and deadfalls were set for them.

1974, Alaska Planning Group, United States Department of the Interior, “History and Archeology”, in Final Environmental Statement: Proposed Lake Clark National Park, Alaska, Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →OCLC, part II (Description of the Environment), section A (Existing Environment), pages 61–62:

(countable, Canada, US, hunting) A kind of trap for animals, consisting of a heavy board or log that falls on to the prey.

piège assommoir

trap consisting of a heavy object that falls on to the prey


drunken trees

By analogy to the stumbling gait of a person who is drunk on alcohol.

Drunken trees leaning in random directions are often found in spruce forests where discontinuous permafrost has melted.

(forestry) (A stand of) trees displaced from their normal vertical alignment, especially due to thermokarst.


Yule tree

Yule trees (plural)
Yuletree (alternative)
Yule-tree (alternative)
yuletree (alternative)

Over the forest , over the towns swept the Christmas Angel. He bore folded in his shining robe the little Yule-tree.

1917, The Kindergarten and First Grade, volume 2, page 428:

There was no excited whispering among the children of gifts or of Yuletree.

1974, Dorothy Burton Skårdal, The Divided Heart:

The yuletree, a natural product of the forests, has been prevented from full growth, cut or transplanted, then prettified and decorated in a domestic environment, like Nora herself.

1989, Brian Johnston, Text and Supertext in Ibsen’s Drama:

The house at the end of its black-paved drive was lit up like a Putchkin Yuletree.

2011, Lilith Saintcrow, Dante Valentine:

PINE & FIR TREES–such as Spruce, Hemlock, Douglas and Fraser Fir, Scotch Pine and Cedar–are the most common and are perhaps the most generally known symbols of Yule today, as they are often used as Yule Trees.

2013, Montague Whitsel, The Fires of Yule, page 73:

It was from these beliefs that the custom of decorating Yule trees (now popularly known as Christmas trees) evolved.

2022, Edain McCoy, Sabbats: A Witch's Approach to Living the Old Ways, page 60:


jellyfish tree

From jellyfish and tree; so called because the gynoecium of its flower resembles the tentacles of a jellyfish.

A rare tree, Medusagyne oppositifolia, indigenous to the island of Mahé in the Seychelles.


moabi

Borrowed from certain Gabonese or Congolese Bantu (cf. Sira moabi, Barama moabi, Vumbu moabi, Punu moabi, Lumbu moabi, Loango moabi, Sangu (Gabon) moabi, Ngubi moabi, Duma muyabi, Ibhili muyavi, Njebi muyèbi, moyabi, muyabi, Vili moabi, Yombe moabi, Yaa moyabi, muyabi, Teke-Laali moyabi, muyabi).

The inside walls are sheathed in an amber-colored veneer about the thickness of two sheets of paper, cut from a single log of an African moabi tree.

2009 January 29, Daniel J. Wakin, “Musicians Hear Heaven in Tully Hall’s New Sound”, in New York Times:

Baillonella toxisperma, a species of tree found throughout subtropical forests of Africa, used for its oil.


algum

der

אַלְגּוּמִּים

Hebrew אַלְגּוּמִּים (algumím)

And the seruants also of Huram, and the seruants of Solomon, which brought gold from Ophir, brought Algume trees and, precious stones.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Chronicles 9:10:

(biblical) A tree or wood mentioned in the Bible, possibly juniper or red sandalwood.


pencil tree

Euphorbia tirucalli, a tree found in semi-arid tropical climates.


Charlie Brown tree

en-noun

Charlie Brown tree (plural Charlie Brown trees)

A reference to the animated television special A Charlie Brown Christmas (1965) based on the comic strip Peanuts by American cartoonist Charles M. Schulz (1922–2000), in which the title character Charlie Brown picks an unattractive Christmas tree to decorate. The selection of the tree represents a protest against the commercialization of Christmas.

There is a place in our Christmas for a Charlie Brown tree—as the Children's Tree.

1985, Lasley F. Gober, The Christmas Lover’s Handbook, or, How to Plan the Merriest Christmas—Ever!, White Hall, Va.: Betterway Publications, →ISBN, page 137:

As Regina put it, "It was the ugliest, skinniest Charlie Brown tree you ever saw."

1998, Liz Curtis Higgs, “Humor and Marriage: Are You Married to a Funny-baked Ham?”, in Help! I’m Laughing and I Can’t Get Up: Forty Reasons Why Life is More Fun after the Big 4-0, Nashville, Tenn.: Thomas Nelson Publishers, →ISBN, page 89:

Trees grown in the wild are naturally sparser trees with fewer branches. In the industry these are sometimes referred to as "Charlie Brown trees," after the pathetic, droopy specimen that Charlie Brown selected for the Christmas pageant in his eponymous cartoon classic.

2005, Kevin Cuddihy, Phillip Metcalfe, “O Christmas Tree, O Christmas Tree: All about Christmas Trees”, in Christmas’s Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Kris Kringles, Merry Jingles, and Holiday Cheer, Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, →ISBN, page 44:

She liked to think of it as a Charlie Brown tree, worthy of pity, not just a plain old ugly tree.

2005, Janell M. Ramos, Waiting for Odysseus, 2nd edition, Visalia, Calif.: Goddess Guild Publishing, →ISBN, page 136:

By today's standards these "Charlie Brown" trees of my childhood were haphazardly decorated creations at best; but to my brother, sisters and I, they were some of the most beautiful creations we had ever laid eyes on.

2011 December, J. D. Eident, “Cedar-scented Memories (This Story Appeared in the December 2011 Edition of the ‘Good Old Days’ Magazine)”, in Once More a Mindful Gatherin’ (In Verse & Prose), [United States]: J. D. Eident, published 2012, →ISBN, page 213:

A Christmas tree considered unattractive and undesirable by normal standards, often small and sparse.

A Charlie Brown Christmas
Charles M. Schulz
Charlie Brown
Peanuts


shelterwood

Mature trees left standing to provide shelter to new saplings.


heaven tree

A mythical tree or vine which figures in some primitive beliefs as affording the means of ascent from underground regions to the surface, or from the surface to the sky. Forms of this myth are found in Malacca, Borneo, Celebes, New Zealand, and Polynesia.


gallows tree

gallows trees (plural)
gallow tree (alternative)

From earlier gallow tree, from Middle English galowetre, galwe tree, from Old English gealgtrēow, equivalent to gallows + tree. Cognate with Danish galgetræ, Swedish galgträd, Norwegian galgetre, Icelandic gálgatré. Compare also West Frisian galgebeam, German Galgenbaum.

A tree used as a gallows, a tree from which people are hanged (killed by hanging).


afara

Afara is the common Nigerian name and a British Standard name for the commercial timber.

1969, B. J. Rendle, World Timbers: Europe and Africa, Afara or Limba [Terminalia superba], page 78:


dottard

And for great trees , we see almost all overgrown trees in churchyards , or near ancient buildings , and the like , are pollards , or dottards , and not trees at their full height

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “VI. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:


wych elm

wych elms (plural)
witch-elm (alternative)
wych-elm (alternative)

From Old English wiche (“a kind of elm”), wice (“a kind of tree”). Compare wicker.

An elm (Ulmus glabra) found in northern and western Europe.


buttonball

(dated) A tree, the buttonwood or American sycamore.


sorb apple

Sorbus domestica
Sorbus domestica#Translingual

A European fruit tree, Sorbus domestica, also called the service tree


braziletto

braziletto (countable and uncountable, plural brazilettos or brazilettoes)

brazilettos (plural)
brazilettoes (plural)

Compare Portuguese brasilete and Spanish brasilete.


champac

champacs (plural)
champak (alternative)
champaka (alternative)

From Sanskrit चम्पक (campaka). Compare with Hindi चंपक (campak).

And now, as to that blossomy peach-scent--even while some floes were yet around me--I was just like some fantastic mariner, who, having set out to search for Eden and the Blessed Islands, finds them, and balmy gales from their gardens come out, while he is yet afar, to meet him with their perfumes of almond and champac, cornel and jasmin and lotus.

The bamboo boughs that sway and swing / 'Neath bulbuls as the south wind blows, / The mango-tope, a close dark ring, / Home of the rooks and clamorous crows, / The champac, bok, and South-sea pine, / The nagessur with pendant flowers / Like ear-rings--and the forest vine / That clinging over all, embowers […]

1900, Epiphanius Wilson, Hindu Literature:

There were magnolias, shaddocks, hibiscus, the almost too fragrant yellow-flowered champac, sacred to Hindoo mythology; nutmeg and cinnamon trees, tea and coffee, and every other conceivable plant and tree, growing in the wildest luxuriance.

1881, Annie Allnut Brassey, A Voyage in the 'Sunbeam':

From the wood of the champac the images of Buddha are carved for the temples.

1860, James Emerson Tennent, Ceylon; an Account of the Island Physical, Historical, and:

Magnolia champaca
Magnolia champaca#Translingual

A type of Asian tree with fragrant blossoms, Magnolia champaca


sigillaria

/ˌsɪd͡ʒɪˈlɛəɹi.ə/

/ˌsɪd͡ʒəˈlɛɹi.ə/

Any of the genus Sigillaria of fossil trees principally found in the coal formation, with seal-like leaf scars in vertical rows on the surface.


planer tree

Named after J. S. Planer, a German botanist.

A small-leaved North American tree (Planera aquatica) related to the elm, but bearing nuts without wings.


calambour

A species of agalloch (unknown which species) found in the Philippines.


maidenhair tree

maidenhair tree (plural maidenhair trees)

maidenhair (fern) + tree. The leaves look like the leaflets of species such as Adiantum capillus-veneris

Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba#Translingual


plane tree

plane trees (plural)
planetree (alternative)
plane-tree (alternative)

Any of various trees of the genus Platanus.


crab tree

crab trees (plural)
crabtree (alternative)
crab-tree (alternative)

From Middle English crabbetre, crabtre; see crab (“wild apple”).


woody pear

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-woody pear.wav

The inedible, woody, pear-shaped fruit of several Australian proteaceous trees of the genus Xylomelum.


idigbo

A combretaceous timber-yielding African tree of species Terminalia ivorensis.


horseradish tree

horseradish tree (plural horseradish trees)

From horseradish + tree. The scent and flavor of some parts resembles horseradish.

Moringa oleifera
Moringa oleifera#Translingual

An economically useful tree, Moringa oleifera, probably native to India, but grown throughout the tropics.


drumstick tree

drumstick + tree. The immature pods are long and cylindrical like drumsticks


spindle tree

spindle trees (plural)
spindle-tree (alternative)

The most dangerous pests that develop and feed in mid-field woodlots are aphids. In some seasons they lay eggs and feed within woodlots on woody plants, such as spindle trees (Euonymus spp.), guelder rose (Viburnum opulus), mock orange (Philadelphus coronarius) and buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), which are rare in woodlots, or hawthorns (Crataegus spp.) and bird cherry (Prunus padus), which are more common there.

2000, Józef Banaszak, Ecology of Forest Islands, Bydgoszcz University Press, →ISBN, page 291:

Any of certain trees or any species belonging to the Euonymus genus, a group of flowering plants in the staff vine family.


elephant apple

Compound of elephant + apple.
Limonia acidissima: due to the skin of the fruit being akin to the skin of elephants.

The fruit of several tropical Asian trees:

wood apple, a citrus relative (Limonia acidissima)

Limonia acidissima
Limonia acidissima#Translingual

bael, another citrus relative (Aegle marmelos)

Aegle marmelos
Aegle marmelos#Translingual


katmon

Dillenia philippinensis, a tree endemic to the Philippines, whose fruit is known as the elephant apple.


umbrella tree

An umbrella magnolia (Magnolia tripetala).

An Australian rainforest tree (Polyscias murrayi).

An octopus tree (Schefflera actinophylla).

Terminalia catappa
Terminalia catappa#Translingual

Virtually all the trees in the home range of the baboons are acacias of just two species: the fever tree, Acacia xanthophloea (18.4% of feeding bouts), and, on somewhat higher, drier ground, the umbrella tree, A. tortilis (5.0%).

1998, Stuart A. Altmann, “Dietary Diversity”, in Foraging for Survival: Yearling Baboons in Africa, Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 76:


wheel tree

A cross-section of the trunk resembles a spoked wheel.

Trochodendron aralioides, a tree or large shrub native to Japan, Taiwan, and southern Korea.


tree of life

(biblical) A term used in the Hebrew Bible that is a component of the world tree motif.


sandbox tree

Hura crepitans, an evergreen tree of the spurge family Euphorbiaceae, native to tropical regions of North and South America.


hanza

Boscia senegalensis, a perennial woody plant species of the genus Boscia, native to West Africa


hajilij

They dug a grave in the shade of a hajilij tree.

2012, Steve Kemper, A Labyrinth of Kingdoms: 10,000 Miles Through Islamic Africa:

The tree Balanites aegyptiaca, from which zachun is derived.


beleric myrobalan

beleric myrobalan (countable and uncountable, plural beleric myrobalans)

A tree native to India and used in ayurvedic medicine of species Terminalia bellirica


curry tree

Murraya koenigii
Murraya koenigii#Translingual

A tree (Murraya koenigii), related to citrus, native to South Asia and used for flavoring in the local cuisines.


cabbage tree

Any of several other similar trees of the genus Cordyline.


kadam

kadams (plural)
cadamba (alternative)
kadamba (alternative)
kadamb (alternative)

Cf. Bengali কদম (kodom), corruption of Sanskrit कदम्ब (kadamba).

Kinaram made the elephant sit under a large kadam tree.

2011, Arupa Patangia Kalita, translated by Deepika Phukan, The Story of Felanee, translation of original in Assamese:

Neolamarckia cadamba
Neolamarckia cadamba#Translingual

(India) A tropical evergreen tree, Neolamarckia cadamba (syn. Anthocephalus indicus, Nauclea cadamba), native to South and Southeast Asia.


otenga

It is prepared by pounding the root to powder, and mixing it up with the juice of the Otenga tree, to give it tenacity, and make it adhere to the arrow head.

1836, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, volume 5, page 196:

One is Chelta (Dillenia indica), the common Assamese "Otenga", and the other Ping (Cynometra polyandra). Both these trees have hard, heavy woods […].

1917, Quarterly Journal of the India Tea Association, Part I, p. 11

He kept all the things near the hearth where he had already put some greens, two sour otenga fruits and a bunch of tender curry leaves, along with some dry fire wood.

2011, Arupa Patangia Kalita, translated by Deepika Phukan, The Story of Felanee:

A flowering evergreen tree of southeastern Asia, Dillenia indica, bearing edible fruits.


bee tree

A tree inhabited by a colony of honey bees.


mahua

mahuas (plural)
mahwa (alternative)
mowra (alternative)
mohwa (alternative)
mowrah (alternative)
mhowa (alternative)
mowa (alternative)
mowah (alternative)

When the Mannewars, another forest tribe of the Central Provinces, pick the flowers of the mahua tree (Bassia latifolia), they worship the tree and offer it some of the liquor distilled from the new flowers, along with a fowl and a goat.

1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 8, page 119:

Madhuca longifolia
Madhuca longifolia#Translingual

Madhuca longifolia, a fast-growing Indian tropical tree cultivated for its oleaginous seeds.


obeche

obeche (countable and uncountable, plural obeches)

The wood of this tree; whitish yellow in colour and easy to process.


food tree

Only the main food tree crops - coconut, sago, breadfruit, pandanus, and banana - are discussed here; ...

2000 Kenneth F. Kiple and Kriemhild Coneè Ornelas, eds., "V.E.3/The Pacific Islands, Tree Crops," The Cambridge World History of Food, Cambridge University Press. p. 1355

We examine the potential role of perennial woody food-producing species ("food trees") in cities in the context of urban sustainable development...

2013 July, Kyle H. Clark, Kimberly A. Nicholas, “Introducing urban food forestry: a multifunctional approach to increase food security and provide ecosystem services”, in Landscape Ecology:

2015 Bhaskar Vira, Christoph Wildburger, and Stephanie Mansourian, Forests and Food: Addressing Hunger and Nutrition Across Sustainable Landscapes, Open Book Publishers. pp. 54, 260.
Research should support food tree domestication options appropriate for meeting smallholders' needs

(botany) A tree cultivated or managed for edible products (such as leaves, seeds) that are used for human consumption (term either including or used in opposition to "fruit tree")


tree fork

A bifurcation in the trunk of a tree giving rise to two roughly equal diameter branches.


Pando

Populus tremuloides
Populus tremuloides#Translingual

A clonal grove of Populus tremuloides in Fishlake National Forest, Utah.


woman's tongue tree

woman's tongue tree (plural woman's tongue trees)

An allusion to the sound the seeds make as they rattle inside the pods, and women's tendency to gossip.


molave

molave (countable and uncountable, plural molaves)

From Spanish molave, from Tagalog mulawin.


peach tree

peach trees (plural)
peachtree (alternative)

Prunus persica
Prunus persica#Translingual

Prunus persica, a fruit tree of the genus Prunus, that bears peaches.


apricot tree

apricot trees (plural)
apricottree (alternative rare)

Prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca#Translingual

A fruit tree which bears apricots; Prunus armeniaca.


mugga

Eucalyptus sideroxylon, a species of eucalyptus endemic to eastern Australia.


bitaog

Calophyllum inophyllum
Calophyllum inophyllum#Translingual

(Philippines) The Alexandrian laurel (Calophyllum inophyllum); a large evergreen tree often cultivated as an ornamental.


camagon

camagon (countable and uncountable, plural camagons)

From Spanish camagón, from Cebuano kamagong.

Diospyros blancoi
Diospyros blancoi#Translingual

A kind of persimmon tree (Diospyros blancoi) from the Philippine Islands, now introduced into the East and West Indies.


pyinkado

From Burmese ပျဉ်းကတိုး (pyany:ka.tui:).

pyengadu (alternative)
pynkado (alternative)


African nutmeg

African nutmeg (countable and uncountable, plural African nutmegs)

A tree from tropical Africa, Monodora myristica (Annonaceae).

Another tree from Western tropical Africa, Pycnanthus angolensis (syn. P. kombo) (Myristicaceae)


lumbayao

The wood from this tree, commercially sold as Philippine mahogany


Charlie Brown Christmas tree

Charlie Brown Christmas tree (plural Charlie Brown Christmas trees)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Charlie Brown Christmas tree.wav

My friends have wives that I'd be happy to take home to Mom, but I've only met the Charlie Brown Christmas trees of the dating world.

1999, Peter Bartula, “Well Then, Where the Hell is She?: Where to Look for the Perfect Woman”, in The Complete Male Handbook for Sex, Dating, and Other Trivial Stuff, Lincoln, Neb.: toExcel Press, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 27:

We had a little tree in our den area with a few little lights on it. It reminded me of the Charlie Brown Christmas tree a little bit and I kind of felt sorry for us because I realized we were poor by society's standards.

2009 July 6, Doneareum S. Winston, “Born into the Struggle”, in Panning for Gold, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 24:

[H]e spotted an abandoned tree near a dumpster at the back of the lot. It was a scrawny little thing, not much to look at. But it was a tree—and apparently it was free. Bob took it home to their little apartment, and Jayne nearly smothered the little tree in blinking lights and ornaments and garlands and tinsel. The baby was spellbound by the little Charlie Brown Christmas tree—and thus began a Ritter tradition.

2010, Delilah Scott, Emma Troy, “’Tis Better to Give … Or Why Beauty is in the Eye of the Gift Giver”, in The Upside-down Christmas Tree and Other Bizarre Yuletide Tales, Guildford, Conn.: Lyons Press, Globe Pequot Press, →ISBN, page 115:

It was a humble little plant, fragile, a fledgling shrub with a few sprays of leaves—a Charlie Brown Christmas tree.

2014, Lev Grossman, The Magician’s Land (The Magicians Trilogy; 3), New York, N.Y.: Plume, published 2015, →ISBN, page 389:

Charlie Brown tree
Charlie Brown tree#English


Charlie Brown's Christmas tree

Charlie Brown's Christmas tree (plural Charlie Brown's Christmas trees)

Charlie Brown's Christmas trees (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Charlie Brown's Christmas tree.wav

Oh yes, 'twas the night before Christmas, / and it was a horrible site to see. / Things were looking sadder than Charlie Brown's / Christmas tree. / But hark! There was hope, and all was not lost.

2002, Wendell J. Powell I, “’Twas the Nite before Christmas – 1997”, in 12 Spiritual Voices, [Bloomington, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN, page 23:

When Rick laughs near me, the ground quakes because he is a California redwood, and I am Charlie Brown's Christmas tree. Now that I have won, he will not laugh. He will instead quietly pay for a very expensive dinner in a restaurant with no prices on the menu … and I will laugh. Though the story of the bet is true, beyond that has been Rick's earnest encouragement for me to move this book forward.

2009, Steven L. Layne, “Acknowledgments”, in Igniting a Passion for Reading: Successful Strategies for Building Lifetime Readers, Portland, Me.: Stenhouse Publishers, →ISBN, pages xv–xvi:

Walking around the dwarfed trees with bare spots throughout their branches, I commented that they reminded me of Charlie Brown's Christmas trees.

2017, Marilyn Peake, chapter 14, in Blood and Ashes: A Paranormal Romance Novel, [s.n.]: Marilyn Peake:


thorn tree

thorn trees (plural)
thorn-tree (alternative)

From Middle English thornetre; equivalent to thorn + tree.

They then came together to hear the preaching of the Gospel; but I postponed it till the evening, because I was then exceedingly wearied. The captain shewed me a large old thorn tree for a lodging.

1811, “Visit to the Great Namaquas”, in The Missionary Herald at Home and Abroad, volume 6, page 466:

Thirty feet below her, where the Persians were crashing through the brush, the streambed kinked to the left side of the ravine and ran under an enormous thorn tree with a thick base.

2007 April 1, Thomas Harlan, The Shadow of Ararat: Book One of 'The Oath of Empire', page 294:

I WOULD HAVE been nine or ten when my mother chased me up a thorn tree with a ceremonial hippo-hide whip. What my crime was, I forget. My mother was, and remains, a woman of exceptional forbearance. I must have done something so obnoxious as to beggar belief.

2010 August 3, David Bennun, Tick Bite Fever, Random House, page 109:

Any tree with thorn-like leaves, especially the acacia.


sunder tree

sunder trees (plural)
sundari tree (alternative)

Heritiera fomes (syn. H. minor Roxb.); a tree found in high intertidal regions of Bangladesh (especially in Sundarbans), Myanmar, Thailand, etc., with dark durable timber.

looking-glass tree

Heritiera littoralis or Heritiera macrophylla


satinleaf

Chrysophyllum oliviforme, a medium-sized tree native to Florida, the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and Belize.


okoume

Borrowed from certain Gabonese Bantu (Cf. Myene okumé, Viya okumé, Tsogo okumé) via French okoumé.

Aucoumea klaineana, an African hardwood.


whau

Entelea arborescens, a malvaceous tree endemic to New Zealand.


bush apple

Breakfast was the white heart of a sand palm – succulent and bitter-sweet – and for ‘jam’ we ate bush apples and red ants with green bottoms that were so full of vitamin C they tasted like stings.

2002, Victoria Finlay, Colour, Sceptre, page 51:

(Australia) Any of various trees resembling the apple or bearing similar fruit, especially the black apple (Planchonella australis).


treemageddon

treemageddons (plural)
Treemageddon (alternative)

As a result of Treemageddon, the power lines all over the tri-state area are a tangled mess.

2010 March 18, David Pogue, “A Tech-Filled Life, Without Power”, in The New York Times:

Amidst talk of an impending ‘treemageddon’, it began to dawn that Chalara could be an environmental disaster with just as great an impact.

2013, Clive Potter, “Saving Britain’s Trees: Countering the growing threat from invasive pests and diseases”, in ECOS, volume 34, number 2, page 25:

Implicated in the unfolding treemageddon is the drought of 2015.

2016 August 6, Lynda V. Mapes, “From mountain forests to city parks, trees are stressed and dying”, in The Seattle Times:

(informal) The mass death or destruction of trees; a disaster caused by or involving trees.


panga panga

From Swahili mpangapanga, possibly indirectly via a language of a colonial power.

A tree of the African species Millettia stuhlmannii, or its wood.


Christmas's tree

Christmas's tree (plural Christmas's trees)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Christmas's tree.wav

Seen today in the Sunday Times (not, it must be said, a British tabloid!) /[…]This will also enable us to once again use the services of Nina, who sang a Bond song that we feel is one that most typifies the series. This 'series' link will be heightened by her rendition of 'Do You Know How Christmas's Trees Are Grown.'

1998 November 22, Rhino, “TWINE Update”, in alt.fan.james-bond (Usenet):

The young man in a mournful cry / “Help me Jesus” or I will die. / He saw the star turning slowly; / He knew he was anew and made Holy. / Someone found the man in the cold. / Placed him under a Christmas’s Tree boldly, / When held did arrive, He was awake and alive.

2005, Charles E. Carr, “A Parable of the Holy Star”, in At the Door: A Book of Writings, Lyrics, Poems & Inspiration Essays, Trafford Publishing, →ISBN:

Smell of cigarettes, trash burning, someone / Cooking oak gumbo with chicken & sausage, and muddy / Brown stew. Barbecue pits set off / Flames dancing into the wind. / Christmas’s tree spreading the smell of / Fresh pine cones.

2011, Ina M. Easter, “Remembering a Moment”, in God, I Wonder, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 59:

Still can't grasp why Moslems oppose Christmas's trees? / In the Middle East were^([sic]) told a tree is a symbol of life. It is spectacular to see after days nothing but sand then in the distance a tree. You can see the Arabs mood change to pleasantry as soon as the "TREE" sighting is made. Once there you find water by the trees and usually a town

2012 December 8, petzl, “Moslems stop Christmass festivities in Campbelltown Shopping Centre”, in aus.politics (Usenet):

My local shopping Mall is not allowed to display Christmas's trees or play Christmas Carols because of Islamic threats

2013 December 1, petzl, “Australian police find 328 guns, 4.2 tons of ammo at farm”, in aus.politics (Usenet):

Table 6 Echocardiography, electrocardiogram and chest X-ray findings in scorpion sting envenomation /[…]/ [“Modality”] Electrocardiogram [“Finding and clinical significance”][…]• In acute myocardial injury: Arrowhead tented T wave look like Ashoka tree appearance / • Recovery of myocardial injury: Tent-shaped look like Christmas’s tree appearance

2015, S Mahadevan, R Ramesh Kumar, “Part III: Intensive Care and Emergencies”, “Section 9: Poisoning and Envenomation”, “7. Scorpion Sting”, in Piyush Gupta, PSN Menon, Siddarth Ramji, Rakesh Lodha (section editor), editors, PG Textbook of Pediatrics, volumes 1: “General Pediatrics and Neonatology”, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.: The Health Sciences Publisher, →ISBN, “Management”, page 321:

“Ma, it’s not dads^([sic]) fault. Why are you hollering at him?” “I’ve watched your father go out and kill people for twenty years. He never talks about it, but it’s always there. When the phone rings, your father lights up like a / Christmas’s tree. He likes killing people.”

2019, Don Bourassa, Dee Boer US Marshal, AuthorHouse, →ISBN:

(rare) Nonstandard form of Christmas tree.


rauli

Nothofagus alpina, a deciduous tree of Chile and Argentina.


kippersol

(South Africa) A South African tree of the genus Cussonia


geonoma

Any of the understory palm trees of the genus Geonoma.


scar tree

(Australia) A tree from which a section of bark has been removed for traditional Indigenous activities such as canoe making, the construction of shelters, etc.


pecan tree

A tree of the species Carya illinoinensis, the members of which are valued agriculturally for their fruit, the pecan, and the wood of the tree, pecan wood, used in woodworking as well as smoking meats.


kudu berry

An African tree, Pseudolachnostylis maprouneifolia.


blackbead

A tree or shrub of the genus Pithecellobium, native to the Americas.


māmaki

mamaki (Waimea pipturus or Pipturus albidus)


aveloz

A tree native to Africa that grows in semi-arid tropical climates (Euphorbia tirucalli)


large-toothed aspen

large-toothed aspen (plural large-toothed aspens)

A deciduous tree of species Populus grandidentata.


scrub turpentine

scrub turpentine (plural scrub turpentines)

An Australian tree, Canarium australianum.


fothergilla

/ˌfɒðə(ɹ)ˈɡɪlə/


lacquer tree

Any of three species of tree that is tapped in order to make lacquer from the sap.

Toxicodendron vernicifluum, a tree found in China, Japan, and Korea, whose sap contains urushiol.

Toxicondendron succedanea, a tree found in Taiwan and Vietnam, whose sap contains laccol.

Gluta usitata, a tree found in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand, whose sap contains thitsiol.


nut tree

A tree that bears a crop of edible nuts on a regular basis.


brab

[…] to S.W. of the town […] is a large peaked tree, very conspicuous, with two brab trees to the S.E. of it.

Alfred Taylor, The India Directory: Part I (page 363)


dwarf bilberry

dwarf bilberry (plural dwarf bilberries)


western redcedar

western redcedar (countable and uncountable, plural western redcedars)

Thuja plicata
Thuja plicata#Translingual

a tree in the family Cupressaceae (Thuja plicata).


European nettle tree

European nettle tree (plural European nettle trees)

Celtis australis
Celtis australis#Translingual


white walnut

Juglans cinerea
Juglans cinerea#Translingual

A butternut tree (Juglans cinerea), of eastern North America.


wild celery

Angelica archangelica
Angelica archangelica#Translingual


wild hyacinth

Camases, quamashes, Indian hyacinths (Camassia spp.), of North America

Blue dicks, purplehead (Dichelostemma capitatum, syn. Dipterostemon capitatus), of North America

A bulbous perennial (Lachenalia contaminata), of South Africa

Cluster lilies (Brodiaea spp.), of western North America


Camperdown elm

The elm cultivar Ulmus glabra 'Camperdownii'.


Spanish cherry

Spanish cherry (plural Spanish cherries)

Mimusops elengi
Mimusops elengi#Translingual