Tory

From Irish tóraí (“pursuer”), from tóir (“pursuit”). The first recorded use in English is from a 1646 letter by James Butler, Earl of Ormond, to a Colonel O'Brien, describing bandits and thieves on main roadways.

(by extension) One who is like a British Tory; someone politically conservative.


Tory

Short for Victoria when used as a female name, and for Victor or Salvatore when used as a male name.


Orange Order

Its name is a tribute to the Dutch-born Protestant king William of Orange, who defeated the army of Catholic king James VII & II in the Williamite War in Ireland (1688–1691).

A Northern Ireland religious and political organisation, loyal to the British crown and with strong anti-Catholicism policies.


Orange

Some senses from French Orange, from Latin Aurasiō, from Gaulish. Other senses from the common noun orange, ultimately from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “orange tree”).

der

(Ireland, informal) a Loyalist or a member of the Orange Order; someone, usually a Protestant, who advocates keeping Northern Ireland under British control.


White

en-prop

White (countable and uncountable, plural Whites)

Whites (plural)
Whyte (alternative)
Wight (alternative)

* As an English surname, from Middle English White, as a nickname for someone with white hair or pale complexion; in some cases from a personal name of the same meaning. See the modern adjective white.
* Also as an English surname, from Old English *wiht (“bend”), found only in placenames, a derivative of the verb wican (“to yield, bend”); compare Wight.
* As a Scottish Gaelic and Irish surname, used as a translation of several Gaelic names containing the element bán and geal, including Mac Giolla bháin (McElwain, Kilbane), Ó Gealagáin (Galligan), Bán (Bane), and Ó Banáin (Bannon).
* Also as a Scottish and Irish surname, an Anglicization of Irish de Faoite, itself from Anglo-Norman le White, le Whyte, from the same source as the English surname.

White (disambiguation)#Places in the United States

A minor city in Bartow County, Georgia; named for its first postmaster.

A city in South Dakota; named for its first European settler.

unincorporated community
unincorporated community

An unincorporated community in Washington; named for a Washington state judge.

A ghost town in Missouri; named for a local mining official.


White

Capitalized due to this racial sense's connotation of (current or historical) European origin, so as to follow the capitalization rules for nationalities and ethne, known in former centuries as “races” (e.g., “the Chinese race”, “the English race”), and also, perhaps, as a way to explicitly distinguish it from the color sense, which is never capitalized outside proper nouns.

(historical, politics) An anticommunist who fought against the Reds during the Russian Civil War; the term is mostly associated with monarchist forces.


tsarist

czarist (alternative)
tzarist (alternative)


tsarism

en-noun

tsarism (usually uncountable, plural tsarisms)

tsarisms (plural)
czarism (alternative)
tzarism (alternative)

A supporter of monarchy ruled by a tsar.


absolute monarchy

absolute monarchy (countable and uncountable, plural absolute monarchies)

(uncountable) The rule of such a monarch, as a form of government.


monarchist

From French monarchiste, equivalent to monarchy + -ist.

A supporter of, or believer in, monarchy.

монархи́ст

an advocate of, or believer in, monarchy


Ancien Régime

Borrowed from French Ancien Régime, from ancien (“former”) + régime (“rule, order”). The word first appeared in English in print in 1794.

(historical) The aristocratic social and political system established in France under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties, overthrown by the French Revolution of 1789.

ancien régime

aristocratic system in France before the French Revolution


Mandate of Heaven

Mandate of Heaven (plural Mandates of Heaven)

Calque of Literary Chinese 天命 (tiānmìng).

calque

The Chinese philosophical concept of the circumstances under which a ruler is allowed to rule. Good rulers would be allowed to rule with the Mandate of Heaven, and despotic, unjust rulers would have the Mandate revoked by disasters or revolution.


God Save the Queen

First known to be used during the reign of Queen Mary I during certain royal proclamations, likely popularized after William Shakespeare's Richard III c. 1592–1593 due to quotes containing it with its current patriotic meaning that borrowed from some royal proclamations of Queen Elizabeth I.

The national anthem of the United Kingdom when the current monarch is a female.


God Save the Queen

(UK, Australia, Canada, New Zealand) An expression of one’s patriotism and hope for the long life of the monarch, especially in her presence.

The King is dead! God save the Queen!

(UK) A formal declaration following the death of a reigning monarch when the next monarch is female.


divine right

the divine right (canonical)
divine right of kings (alternative)

(Christianity, political science, philosophy) The Christian doctrine that monarchs have a God-given right to rule, that they are answerable only to God, and that rebellion is sinful.


constitutional monarchy

en-noun

constitutional monarchy (countable and uncountable, plural constitutional monarchies)

A monarchy that is limited by laws and a constitution.

monarki konstitusional

monarchy limited by laws and a constitution

立憲君主政体

りっけんくんしゅせいたい


God Save the King

Based on an Old English translation of 2 Kings 11:12 likely made by Dunstan for King Edgar's coronation in 973.

It is a strange fact, but it is unquestionably true that almost any English intellectual would feel more ashamed of standing to attention during “God save the King” than of stealing from a poor box.

1941, George Orwell, The Lion and the Unicorn:

The national anthem of the United Kingdom when the current monarch is a king.


God Save the King

(Australia, Canada, New Zealand, UK) An expression of one’s patriotism and hope for the long life of the monarch, especially in his presence.

The Queen is dead! God save the King!

(UK) A formal declaration following the death of a reigning monarch when the next monarch is male.


limited monarchy

limited monarchy (countable and uncountable, plural limited monarchies)

constitutional monarchy
constitutional monarchy

A government in which a monarch agrees to share power with a parliament and abide by a constitution; also known as a constitutional monarchy.


royalism

royalism (countable and uncountable, plural royalisms)

Impassioned allegiance to or advocacy of the establishment, maintenance, and/or interests of a particular king, royal house, or kingly dynasty; sometimes extended to the same of a non-royal (i.e., grand ducal, imperial, or other) family or sovereign; often contrasted with monarchism.


Jacobite

From Latin Jācōbus (“James”) + -ite, equivalent to Jacob + -ite.

Syriac Orthodox Church
Syriac Orthodox Church

(Christianity, dated) A member of the Syriac Orthodox Church, or historically any miaphysite or monophysite. [from 15th c.]


Williamite

We fought for the royal Stuarts that reneged us against the Williamites and they betrayed us.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 12: Cyclops]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC, part II [Odyssey], page 316:

A follower of William III of England who deposed James II in the Glorious Revolution.

Having weighed every thing very impartially, one ſhall find that the Order of theſe Auguſtinians was in the beginning formed of ſeveral Heremitical Congregations, which were ſpread in ſeveral places under different names, and eſpecially of the Williamites, and Zambonites. […] SOME do pretend that this William, Inſtitutor of the Williamites, was a Duke of Aquitain, Earl of Poitiers, and Diſciple of S. Bernard.

1693, Gabriel d’ Emillianne [pseudonym; Antonio Gavin], A Short History of Monastical Orders, in Which the Primitive Institution of Monks, Their Tempers, Habits, Rules, and the Condition They Are in at Present, Are Treated Of, London: […] S[amuel] Roycroft, for Rob[ert] Clavell, […], →OCLC, pages 48–49 and 54:

When, in 1256, Alexander IV founded the Hermits of St. Augustine many of the Williamites refused to enter the union and were permitted to exist as a separate body under the Benedictine Rule.

1912, Raymund Webster, “Williamites”, in Charles G[eorge] Herbermann, Edward A[loysius] Pace, Condé B[enoist] Pallen, Thomas J[oseph] Shahan, John J[oseph] Wynne, editors, The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, volume XV (Tournon–Zwirner), New York, N.Y.: Robert Appleton Company, →OCLC, page 644, column 2:

The body known as the canons regular of St Augustine or black canons were founded in the mid-eleventh century but became the fourth mendicant order in 1256. They are also known as Austin canons and Austin friars and were divided into a number of groups such as the Williamites; Hermits of the Holy Trinity; Bonites; and Brittianians.

1984, Janet Mayo, “The Growth of Monasticism and the Beginnings of Opus Anglicanum 1066–1250”, in A History of Ecclesiastical Dress, New York, N.Y.: Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc., →ISBN, page 38, column 1:

Before the year 1507 was over, Bucer was consecrated as an acolyte in the Strasbourg church of the Williamites (Hermits of Saint William of Maleval), thus receiving the lowest ecclesiastical orders, a prerequisite for theological studies.

2004, Martin Greschat, translated by Stephen E. Buckwalter, “The Dominicans”, in Martin Bucer: A Reformer and His Times, Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, →ISBN, chapter 1 (Humble Beginnings), page 15:

A member of the Hermits of Saint William, a religious order founded by disciples of William of Maleval.

The later history of the Williamites is similar to that of the Vallombrosans. They gave up the solitary life and adopted the Benedictine Rule, still retaining the white habit and cowl which distinguish them from the majority of Benedictines.

1932, Peter F[rederick] Anson, “Benedictine Solitaries”, in The Quest of Solitude, London; Toronto, Ont.: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd.; New York, N.Y.: E. P. Dutton & Co. Inc., →OCLC, pages 72–74:

WILLIAM (Guliélmus, i), Ab. C. June 25. R. M. 12 Cent. Vercelli, near Naples, founder of Williamites or Hermits of Monte Vergine.

1935 April 2, Edward F[rancis] Smith, Baptismal and Confirmation Names: Containing in Alphabetical Order the Names of Saints with Latin and Modern Language Equivalents, Nicknames, Brief Biography, Representation in Art and Pronunciation […], New York, N.Y.; […]: Benziger Brothers, Inc. […], →OCLC, page 253:

Saints Romuald and William founded orders with an even more remote profile, the Camaldolese and the Williamites – the latter of which ceased to exist in the course of the 19th century.

2023, Joris Geldhof, “Modern Saints in the Roman Missal. An Exploration of the Proprium de Sanctis”, in Elisa Frei, Eleonora Rai, editors, Profiling Saints: Images of Modern Sanctity in a Global World (Refo500 Academic Studies; 97), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →ISBN, section 1 (Through the Saints: Understanding the Church across the Centuries), page 85:

A member of the Order of Monte Vergine, a religious order founded by disciples of William of Montevergine.


Williamite

en-adj

Williamite (comparative more Williamite, superlative most Williamite)

more Williamite (comparative)
most Williamite (superlative)

For whether King James, or K. William prevails, all our ancient Privileges ſeem expiring; and we are threatened, on all ſides, with Military and Arbitrary Government, unleſs we make a Tender of the Crown upon the Terms of the Conſtitution, to the King we have hitherto Abdicated, and who cannot, in common Honeſty, and according to the genuine ſignification of the Word, be ſaid to have abdicated his Crown, till he refuſes it upon thoſe Terms; which if he ſhould, the Diſtinction of His and the Williamite Party would ſoon have an End, […]

[1689?], Better Late than Never, →OCLC, signature A, recto, column 1:

For to whom ſhould I dedicate a Book of this kind, I mean ſuch a Williamite one, if I may be allowed to ſpeak ſtill in our late Dialect, if not to your Grace?

1702, Robert Fleming [the younger], “To His Grace James, Duke of Queensberry, &c.”, in The Blessedness of Those Who Die in the Lord: A Practical Discourse Occasioned by the Death of King William; wherein a Character of Him is Given. […], London: […] Andrew Bell […], →OCLC, page iv:

The poems reprinted here ought to enter some partial exceptions to the rule that between the reigns of James II and of Queen Anne the one poetic exception is Dryden. In these publicly crowded years he gave the world, from his retirement, or exile, the Satires of 1693, the Virgil of 1697, and the Fables of 1700. But he would not be drawn over to the King’s side, and the student of poetry must look to less familiar writers if he is to find anything of a Williamite character worth his attention.

1974, Earl Miner, “Introduction”, in Augustan Reprint Society, Poems on the Reign of William III (1690, 1696, 1699, 1702) (Publication Number 166), Los Angeles, Calif.: William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, →OCLC, page i:

A war which for many who supported it in England was waged in defence of the Protestant religion and against popish idolatory, had its supporters in Scotland too, primarily Revolutioners, that is Williamite whigs and presbyterians, some of whom were even more fervent in their commitment to the Protestant cause than their English brethren.

2006, Christopher A[llan] Whatley with Derek J. Patrick, “War, Trade and Tariffs”, in The Scots and the Union, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, published 2007, →ISBN, chapter 4 (The 1690s: a nation in crisis), page 157:

(historical) Of or relating to the reign of William III of England from 1689 to 1702.

Of or relating to his followers who deposed James II in the Glorious Revolution.

In proportions and even in origin perhaps the nearest parallel is the bedstead which stood formerly in that great storehouse of Williamite furniture, Hampton Court, Herefordshire.

1950, The Burlington Magazine, numbers 562–573, London: The Burlington Magazine Publications, →OCLC, page 7, column 2:

Because the presumably more elaborate gardens of the Governor’s Palace, laid out between 1711 and 1720, were in place when the plate was engraved, it is surprising how little is shown there and how detailed the gardens of the College are by comparison. The latter, which are very “Williamite,” parallel closely the gardens London had recently laid out at Hampton Court (Figs. I.iib, 4.43c).

2002, James D. Kornwolf with Georgiana W[allis] Kornwolf, “The College of William and Mary, 1693–1699”, in Architecture and Town Planning in Colonial North America (Creating the North American Landscape), volume 2, Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, part II (England in North America, 1585–1867), chapter 4 (England in Virginia, 1585–1776), page 582, column 2:

These older features have the severe simplicity typical of the 1730s. They may well have enjoyed a more Williamite fanciness in previous generations, but the tenor of the illustrated Exton landscape was exceptionally (to our eyes) abstracted, made up of very large areas of close cropped turf within, and equally severe parkland without. And these are set within a seeming limitless planar topography.

2017, William Alvis Brogden, “Exton Park”, in Ichnographia Rustica: Stephen Switzer and the Designed Landscape, Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, chapter 6 (Essays in the landscape style), page 209:

Of architecture or furnishings: of the style of that period.

It seems to be a well-established fact that the Williamite glasses were not made and decorated primarily for Orange clubs, but for use in private houses on special days of Orange festivals—1st July, the day of the Boyne; 4th November, the King’s birthday and wedding day, etc.

1897, Albert Hartshorne, “Irish Glases”, in Old English Glasses. An Account of Glass Drinking Vessels in England, from Early Times to the End of the Eighteenth Century. […], London; New York, N.Y.: Edward Arnold […], page 378:

No. 213 is a Williamite glass bearing the inscription—"the immortal memory;” others read, "to the glorious memory of king william”—words from the Orange toast which begins, “To the glorious, pious, and immortal memory of the great and good King William, who freed us from Pope and Popery, knavery and slavery, brass money and wooden shoes,” and concludes, after much inconsequent verbiage, with the hope that he who refuses the toast may be “damned, crammed, and rammed down the great gun of Athlone.”

[1905], Percy Bate, “Inscribed and Historic Glasses”, in English Table Glass (Newnes’ Library of the Applied Arts), London: George Newnes Limited […]; New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC, page 105:

Williamite glasses date from about 1750 and commemorate the victory of King William III over James II at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland.

1996 March 23, Christopher Proudlove, “A toast to our good friends in the north”, in Alastair Machray, editor, Daily Post, North West edition, Liverpool, Merseyside: Liverpool Daily Post & Echo Ltd, →OCLC, page 22, column 5:

(not comparable) Of glassware: bearing a portrait or emblem of him, as an indication of anti-Jacobite sentiments.


legitimist

Nor does he beat around the bush: Tocqueville’s cousin and confidant Louis de Kergorlay is “a young idiot” and the legitimist insurrectionist the Duchesse de Berry “one of the silliest princesses in all European history.”

2007 July 8, Christopher Caldwell, “Even God Quotes Tocqueville”, in New York Times:

(historical) A French royalist who believes that the King of France and Navarre must be chosen according to the simple application of the Salic law.

(by extension) Any proponent for the rule of a legitimate sovereign.


legitimist

legitimist (comparative more legitimist, superlative most legitimist)

more legitimist (comparative)
most legitimist (superlative)


divine right of kings

(government) Alternative form of divine right, especially regarding kings as monarchs.


basilean

Ancient Greek βασιλε(ύς) (basile(ús), “king”) + English -an (suffix forming adjectives and derived substantives); compare basileolatry

uder

(obsolete, rare) A royalist; a partisan of a king.


Orangeism

The principles or beliefs of the Loyal Orange Institution, commonly known as the Orange Order.


Toryism

en-noun

Toryism (countable and uncountable, plural Toryisms)


Carlism

From Carlos (“Infante Carlos, Count of Molina”) + -ism.

suffix

A political movement in Spain that seeks the establishment of a separate line of the Bourbon family on the Spanish throne.


Carlist

en-adj

Carlist (comparative more Carlist, superlative most Carlist)

more Carlist (comparative)
most Carlist (superlative)


constitutional monarchist

en-noun

constitutional monarchist (plural constitutional monarchists)

Many moderate constitutional monarchists still urged a waiting game, with the electoral tide flowing so strongly in their favour.

2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 515:

A supporter of a constitutional monarchy.


chetnik

chetniks (plural)
četnik (alternative)
Chetnik (alternative)

From Serbo-Croatian četnik, from četa (“band, group”) + -nik.

Since most Chetniks only wanted to fight close to their homes, a mobile army that could carry out sustained campaigns under central command never developed.

2002, John K Cox, The History of Serbia, page 95:

By the end of February 1942 Glaise von Horstenau reported to the OKW that the cetniks were parading in every village occupied by the Italians fully armed.

2004, Jonathan Steinberg, All of Nothing: The Axis and the Holocaust 1941-43, page 41:

By the winter of 1907, it was clear that a number of the četnik bands were operating in Macedonia independently of any supervision; only with some difficulty did an emissary from Belgrade succeed in re-imposing control.

2012, Christopher Clark, The Sleepwalkers, Penguin, published 2013, page 27:

(now historical) A member of a Serbian royalist army band.

The Visegrad gathering, which saw uniform-wearing participants singing songs that included lines such as "there will be hell, the Drina will be bloody, here come the Chetniks from the Serb mountains’, provoked wariness and fear among Bosniak residents who survived some of the worst atrocities committed by Chetniks.

2019 March 11, Mersiha Gadzo, “Serb Chetnik gathering in Bosnia’s Visegrad raises alarm”, in Al Jazeera:

An adherent of an nationalist revival of the historical Chetnik movement.


monarcho-fascism

Yet the leadership of the Greek Communist Party adopted the standpoint that the people was to be disarmed and its weapons handed to the monarcho-fascist reactionaries, making the excuse that monarcho-fascism would not be for a peaceful democratic development, and hence the people's liberation movement would be compelled to settle the question of power the revolutionary way.

1992, Haris Vlavianos, Greece, 1941–49: From Resistance to Civil War, →ISBN:

In the village, I saw the full consequences of monarcho-fascism upon proud, decent people who fought for freedom and national independence.

2013, George Kassimeris, Inside Greek Terrorism, →ISBN:

Finally, he cites a set of corporatist regimes, such as King Carol's monarcho-fascism in Romania from 1938, followed by General Antonescu's military fascism from 1940-44, as well as the French Vichy regime.

2014, Antonio Costa Pinto, Roger Eatwell, Stein Ugelvik Larsen, Charisma and Fascism, →ISBN:

(politics, usually derogatory) A political system in which a monarch wields fascistic control over opposition, criticism, and the economy, a fascist system of government led by a king or queen.


Loyalist

Patriot

antonym(s) of “person during the American Revolution”

republican

antonym(s) of “supporter of Irish unification”

(US, Canada, historical) A person from the 13 Colonies (of British North America from the eastern seaboard of mainland North America) who was in favor of remaining in the British Empire during the American Revolution.


Orléanist

Named from the Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon (descended from the youngest son of Louis XIII), who were its leaders, + -ism.

(historical) A member of a French right-wing (except for 1814–1830) faction that arose out of the French Revolution, as opposed to the legitimists.


God-Save-the-Kinger

The Bill does not deal with Germans only, it deals with all aliens, including those whom our friends opposite – the flag-waggers, the band players, the God-save-the-Kingers — spoke of as “our brother Allies.”

1920, Australia. Parliament, Parliamentary Debates: Senate and House of Representatives:

Protestants, generally speaking, were God-save-the-Kingers and went to Mass in the afternoon or the night instead of in the morning.

1972, James Plunkett, The Gems She Wore: A Book of Irish Places, page 35:

But the situation is not without its humorous side; it is delightful to listen to the former red-white-and-blue people -- the bigoted Unionists-- the erstwhile 'God Save the Kingers', expressing their views on the present régime.

1979, Dervla Murphy, Wheels Within Wheels, page 29:

(derogatory) An outspoken supporter of the British Government when the monarch is a king.


parliamentary monarchy

parliamentary monarchy (countable and uncountable, plural parliamentary monarchies)

A monarchy in which the ruler has no power and is purely a ceremonial figurehead, with all real power being vested in the legislature.


Orangist

Orangists (plural)
Orangeist (alternative)


White Army

Calque of Russian Белая армия (Belaja armija). White was the traditional color of the antirevolutionary movement in some countries, adopted as a symbolic name by the Russian movement.

calque

(historical, military) a collation of anti-Bolshevik armed groups that fought the Red Army during the Russian Civil War


kokutai

tlb

(Japanese politics, philosophy, chiefly historical)

Borrowed from Japanese 国体(こくたい) (kokutai, literally “national character”).

ja-r

The national essence and character of Japan viewed as conforming to Shinto-Confucian ideals, with the emperor as its ethical, spiritual, cultural and political center.

國體 /国体

national character of Japan viewed as centered on the emperor


IFP

The ANC has accused the IFP of bussing in voters from other wards to vote during the recent Newcastle Municipality by-election won by the IFP.

2024 March 14, Clive Ndou, “ANC set to open case against ‘ghost IFP voters’”, in The Witness:

The IFP, with almost 4% of the vote, could be such a kingmaker.

2024 May 30, Sarah Dean and David McKenzie, “First results in South Africa’s election suggest it is heading for biggest political shift since apartheid”, in CNN:

Inkatha Freedom Party
w:Inkatha Freedom Party

(South Africa, politics) Initialism of Inkatha Freedom Party.