open

en-verb

open (third-person singular simple present opens, present participle opening, simple past and past participle opened)

opens (present singular third-person)
opening (participle present)
opened (participle past)
opened (past)
open (infinitive)
open (first-person present singular)
opened (first-person past singular)
open (present second-person singular)
openest (archaic present second-person singular)
opened (past second-person singular)
openedst (archaic past second-person singular)
opens (present singular third-person)
openeth (archaic present singular third-person)
opened (past singular third-person)
open (plural present)
opened (past plural)
open (present subjunctive)
opened (past subjunctive)
open (imperative present)
opening (participle present)
opened (participle past)

Adjective from Middle English open, from Old English open (“open”), from Proto-West Germanic *opan, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”), from Proto-Indo-European *upo (“up from under, over”).
Cognates
* Scots apen (“open”)
* Saterland Frisian eepen (“open”)
* West Frisian iepen (“open”)
* Dutch open (“open”)
* Low German open, apen (“open”)
* German offen (“open”)
* Danish åben (“open”)
* Swedish öppen (“open”)
* Norwegian Bokmål åpen (“open”)
* Norwegian Nynorsk open (“open”)
* Icelandic opinn (“open”)
 Compare also Latin supinus (“on one's back, supine”), Albanian hap (“to open”). Related to up.
Verb from Middle English openen, from Old English openian (“to open”), from Proto-West Germanic *opanōn, from Proto-Germanic *upanōną (“to raise; lift; open”), from Proto-Germanic *upanaz (“open”, adjective). Cognate with Saterland Frisian eepenje (“to open”), West Frisian iepenje (“to open”), Dutch openen (“to open”), German öffnen (“to open”), Danish åbne (“to open”), Swedish öppna (“to open”), Norwegian Bokmål åpne (“to open”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic opna (“to open”). Related to English up.
Noun from Middle English open (“an aperture or opening”), from the verb. In the sports sense, however, a shortening of “open competition”.

inh

Please open the lights, the (electric) fan, the TV.

To make or become available for use or interaction.

(Manglish, Philippines, Quebec) To turn on; to switch on.


close

en-verb

close (third-person singular simple present closes, present participle closing, simple past and past participle closed)

closes (present singular third-person)
closing (participle present)
closed (participle past)
closed (past)
close (infinitive)
close (first-person present singular)
closed (first-person past singular)
close (present second-person singular)
closest (archaic present second-person singular)
closed (past second-person singular)
closedst (archaic past second-person singular)
closes (present singular third-person)
closeth (archaic present singular third-person)
closed (past singular third-person)
close (plural present)
closed (past plural)
close (present subjunctive)
closed (past subjunctive)
close (imperative present)
closing (participle present)
closed (participle past)

From Middle English closen (“to close, enclose”), partly continuing (in altered form) earlier Middle English clusen (“to close”) from Old English clȳsan (“to close, shut”); compare beclose, foreclose, etc.), and partly derived from Middle English clos (“close, shut up, confined, secret”, adjective), from Old French clos (“close, confined”, adjective), from Latin clausus (“shut up”, past participle), from claudere (“to bar, block, close, enclose, bring an end to, confine”), from Proto-Indo-European *kleh₂w- (“key, hook, nail”), related to Latin clāvis (“key, deadbolt, bar”), clāvus (“nail, peg”), claustrum (“bar, bolt, barrier”), claustra (“dam, wall, barricade, stronghold”). Cognate with Ancient Greek κλείς (kleís, “bar, bolt, key”), German schließen (“to close, conclude, lock”), Dutch sluiten (“to close, conclude, lock”). Partially replaced Old English lūcan (“to close, lock, enclose”), (whence English lock). Doublet of clause.

cog

close the stable door after the horse has bolted

Please close the lights, the (electric) fan, the TV.

To make or become non-operational or unavailable for use.

(Philippines, Quebec, Greece, Cyprus) To turn off; to switch off.


Englishman

Englishmen (plural)
englishman (alternative obsolete)

/ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ.mən/

From Middle English Englishman, Inglishman, from Old English Englisċman, Englisċmon, corresponding to English + -man. Compare Old Norse Englismaðr (“Englishman”).

... others, an aging Englishman who would do anything to further his fortune ...

2017, David Bélanger, Béatrice G. Martineau, Charles Grenier, “Kona”, in Kona, Canada: Parabole:

(Quebec, dated, ethnic slur) A Canadian of British descent and/or whose first language is English (as opposed to French-descended, French-speaking Canadians).


stage

→ Japanese: ステージ (sutēji)

From Middle English stage, from Old French estage (“dwelling, residence; position, situation, condition”), from Old French ester (“to be standing, be located”). Cognate with Old English stæþþan (“to make staid, stay”), Old Norse steðja (“to place, provide, confirm, allow”), Old English stede (“state, status, standing, place, station, site”). More at stead. Doublet of étage.


bloke

blokes (plural)
bloak (alternative archaic)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-bloke.wav

Origin unknown; the following borrowings have been hypothesized:
* From a modern Celtic language, such as Irish bloc (“block”) or Scottish Gaelic ploc (“large, stubborn person”, literally “block of wood”), themselves borrowings from English block
* From Hindustani لوک (lok) / लोक (lok, “people, folk”) or Shelta loke (“man”).

bor

[A]n organization called "Bloke Quebecois" ("bloke" being a French slang term for Anglophone as well as a reference to the newly formed federal political party, the Bloc Québécois) sold T-shirts that sported the phrase "It's Hip to be Square" (derived from the popular term for an Anglophone, "tête-carrée" or "square head") and a sign with "401" crossed out. The implication was that hitting the 401 was no longer an option; Anglophones were here to stay – and to contribute.

2017, Dany Fougères, Valérie Shaffer, “An Undivided Island: Domination at the Dawn of a New Era”, in Dany Fougères, Roderick MacLeod, editors, Montreal: The History of a North American City, volume I, Montreal, Que., Kingston, Ont.: McGill–Queen's University Press, →ISBN, part 2 (Formation of a Region and Birth of a Metropolis: 1796–1930), page 465:

One cartoon from the period depicted a muscular French Canadian worker being replaced by an effeminate looking English Canadian man on the job. The caption warned, "When we are gone their blokes will come to take our place, to take our homes, and to take our women."

2017, Jeffery Vacante, “War and Manhood”, in National Manhood and the Creation of Modern Quebec, Vancouver, B.C., Toronto, Ont.: UBC Press, →ISBN, page 107:

Try as I might, my broken French is not passing muster. […] I am also called a bloke, or, when the students are pissed at me, maudit bloke or damn bloke, or a tête carrée, which means square head.

2020 May, Walter Manuel, “A New Language Study (Franglais)”, in The Kid with the Broken Glasses: A Memoir of Dissolving Innocence, [Canada; U.S.A.]: Walter Manuel, →ISBN:

(chiefly Quebec, colloquial) An anglophone (English-speaking) man.


Tempo

Tempos (plural)
Tempoes (plural)
tempo (alternative)

Genericization of the trademark Tempo. From the name of a popular manufacturer of such structures. Clipping of temporary.

(Quebec, automotive) A type of car shelter, a temporary kit-built prefabricated steel-framed high tunnel peaked hoop house with an impermeable translucent plastic fabric cover, and flap doors.


dep

en-noun

dep (countable and uncountable, plural deps)

deps (plural)
dep. (alternative)
dép (alternative)
dép. (alternative)

*Abbreviation of several English terms that begin with "dep"
*Clipping of several English terms that begin with "dep"


magistrate

/ˈmæd͡ʒɪstɹət/

From Middle English magistrat, maiestrat (“magistrate; magistracy”), borrowed from Latin magistrātus. See also -ate (forms nouns denoting rank or office).


tutor

tutors (plural)
tutour (alternative archaic)

From Middle English tutour, from Old French tuteur (French tuteur), from Latin tūtor (“a watcher, protector, guardian”), from tueor (“protect”); see tuition.

der

(obsolete or Quebec law) One who has the charge of a child or pupil and his estate; a guardian.


crawfish

en-noun

crawfish (countable and uncountable, plural crawfishes or crawfish)

1620s, folk etymology from Middle English crevis, from Old French crevice (French écrevisse), influenced by fish. Compare crayfish.

(Quebec, Canada, slang, derogatory) An English-Canadian. Used in some corners of Quebec (including the Gaspé).


autoroute

Unadapted borrowing from French autoroute, equivalent to auto- (automobile) + route.

ubor

(Quebec) An expressway, freeway, motorway or highway.


dépanneur

dépanneurs (plural)
depanneur (alternative)

(Canada, Quebec, New Brunswick and Ontario) A convenience store, especially one that sells alcohol.


arrondissement

/æˌɹɒn.diːsˈmɒ̃/

(Quebec) A borough, a submunicipal administrative division.


Yvette

Borrowed from French Yvette. The politics sense is a reference to the name of a docile young girl in a school textbook, and was popularized by separatist politician Lise Payette (1931–2018).

(Quebec, politics, derogatory, dated) A term of derision used by Quebec separatists to refer to Federalist-voting French Quebecois housewives.


PFK

From French PFK. From the name of the Quebec division of KFC (“Kentucky Fried Chicken”).

(Montreal, Quebec) Synonym of KFC (geographically restricted to restos in Quebec, when discussing this restaurant)


copybook

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-copybook.wav

(Quebec, UK) A notebook containing blank, often lined, pages for writing answers.


dép

déps (plural)
dép. (alternative)
dep (alternative)
dep. (alternative)


berline

(Quebec, automotive) A sedan-type (saloon-type) car.


depanneur

(Canada, Quebec) Alternative spelling of dépanneur.


casse-croute

casse-croutes (plural)
casse-croûte (alternative)
casse croûte (alternative)
cassecroûte (alternative)
casse croute (alternative)
cassecroute (alternative)

(Quebec) A greasy spoon, a hole-in-the-wall, a small restaurant


bleu, blanc et rouge

bleu (canonical)
blanc (canonical)
et rouge (canonical)

From French bleu, blanc et rouge (literally “blue, white and red”).

der

Nashville Predators Voice Pete Weber says of hockey's bleu, blanc et rouge, “Montreal Canadiens fans care too much.”

2012, Curt Smith, Mercy!: A Celebration of Fenway Park's Centennial Told Through Red Sox Radio and TV:

Hitting the NHL during the 1985–86 season, he not only debuted in the famed bleu, blanc, et rouge but guided the squad to Lord Stanley's Cup.

2015, Jon Waldman, He Shoots, He Saves: The Story of Hockey's Collectable Treasures:

(Quebec, ice hockey) The Montreal Canadiens ice hockey club.


MEQ

Ministry of Education of Quebec
Ministry of Education of Quebec#English

(Quebec, education) Abbreviation of Ministry of Education of Quebec.


terrasse

From French terrasse (“terrace”). Doublet of terrace.


executive committee

en-noun

executive committee (plural executive committees)

cabinet of ministers
cabinet of ministers

(government, politics, Quebec) the equivalent of the cabinet of ministers for a city government, serving the mayor.


pâté chinois

(Quebec) A French-Canadian dish of layered ground beef, sweetcorn and mashed potatoes, similar to shepherd's pie.


QPF

(law enforcement, Quebec) SQ — Quebec police force — Sûreté du Québec


Sûreté du Québec

(Quebec, law enforcement) the Quebec provincial police force


Sûreté

(law enforcement, Quebec) The Sûreté du Québec.


shish taouk

shish taouk (usually uncountable, plural shish taouks)

Coined by Abdallah Akkouche, of the Basha restaurant chain.
See Etymology 1 above for the root words.

(Quebec) Chicken shawarma, as a platter or as a pita sandwich.


RDP

(Quebec) Initialism of Rivière-des-Prairies, a municipality in the province of Quebec, Canada.


PAT

(Quebec) Abbreviation of Pointe-aux-Trembles: a municipality of Quebec, Canada.


francization

From francize + -ation, particularly as a calque of French francisation.

Francization (alternative)
francisation (alternative)
Francisation (alternative)

But in Algeria, because a century and a quarter of francisation had destroyed the native cadres, there existed no ready-made interlocuteurs valables with whom Mendès-France could negotiate, if and when he so wished.

1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York: Review Books, published 2006, page 99:

Francization of the workplace was an important element in language policy.

1991, Paul-André Linteau, Québec since 1930, page 446:

(uncommon except Quebec) Synonym of Frenchification (“the act or process of making or becoming more French, particularly in Quebecois contexts”).

Frenchification

(uncommon except Quebec) Synonym of Gallicization (“translation into French”).


Trifluvien

(Quebec) A resident of Three Rivers (Trois-Rivières) or its surrounding county.


Trifluvien

en-adj

Trifluvien (comparative more Trifluvien, superlative most Trifluvien)

more Trifluvien (comparative)
most Trifluvien (superlative)

(Quebec) Of or pertaining to the city of Three Rivers (Trois-Rivières) or its surrounding county.


Trifluvian

From French trifluvien, equivalent to tri- + fluv- (from Latin fluvius (“river”)) + -ian. This is a latinate rendering of Three Rivers/Trois-Rivières, Quebec. Compare English fluvial.

confix

from Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">fluvius</i> (“river”)


Trifluvian

en-adj

Trifluvian (comparative more Trifluvian, superlative most Trifluvian)

more Trifluvian (comparative)
most Trifluvian (superlative)

(Quebec) pertaining to the city of Three Rivers (Trois-Rivières) or its surrounding county


steamie

(Quebec) A hot dog made of a steamed sausage in a bun, often topped with onion and mustard.


tourtière

en-noun

tourtière (countable and uncountable, plural tourtières)

tourtières (plural)
tortiere (alternative)
tourtiere (alternative)

From Canadian French tourtière, from a cooking vessel of the same name, from French tourte (“meat pie”). There is a common false etymology that it derives from the alternative meaning tourte (“passenger pigeon”).

Last December, I called my mother to get her recipe for tourtière, a beloved traditional French-Canadian dish. It would be the meaningful heart of a bundle of gifts I had lovingly gathered to honour a Métis elder I had recently met. To share this recipe for tourtière was to share a piece of my family’s story with this elder, to whom I owed a great debt of gratitude.

2018 November 30, Isabelle Bourgeault-Tassé, “How a family recipe taught me what’s at stake when Franco-Ontarians lose their roots”, in The Globe and Mail:

(Canada, chiefly Quebec) A type of traditional French-Canadian meat pie, usually made with pork.


renoviction

renoviction (countable and uncountable, plural renovictions)

/ˌɹɛn.əˈvɪk.ʃən/

The city's blogs and online communities are filled with rants against so-called "renovictions," as landlords boot out long-time tenants to install hardwood floors and marble countertops in order to hike up rent or pay for things like security and safety upgrades.

2011 September 14, Erica Alini, “Vancouver—the most livable city?”, in Maclean's:

(chiefly British Columbia, Quebec) The eviction of all of a building's tenants on the grounds that a large-scale renovation is planned.


oignon vert

From French oignon vert (“green onion”).


cégep

cégeps (plural)
cegep (alternative)
CEGEP (alternative)

(Quebec) A publicly funded school that combines grade 12 with either college or freshman year of university, depending on the programme. It can be a public-sector school or a private school with some public funding, though those with "CEGEP" in the name are usually public-sector. In Québec's system, it is a required step between secondary school (ending in grade 11) and university (starting in sophomore year).


coproprietorship

coproprietorship (countable and uncountable, plural coproprietorships)

(Canada, Quebec, countable) A condominium.


pudding chomeur

pouding chômeur (alternative)
pudding chômeur (alternative)
pouding chomeur (alternative)
chômeur pudding (alternative)
chomeur pudding (alternative)

(Quebec) A type of pudding originating from Montreal, Quebec, Canada during the Great Depression. A dessert made by covering cake batter or stale bread with maple syrup, which then settles to the bottom after baking.


CHSLD

(Quebec) A long term care hospital facility


carte soleil

cartes soleil (plural)
carte-soleil (alternative)

I guess we can’t call it the carte-soleil anymore.

2019, Suzanne Korf, "Give it your all by signing your organ donor medicare sticker", Montreal Gazette, ISSN 0839-3257

In Quebec (Canada), the Carte Soleil organized by the Régie d'Assurance Maladie du Québec - RAMQ (Quebec Health Insurance Office), which has greatly inspired the French Carte Vitale should soon integrate emergency medical data thanks to a double authentication (patient and health professional).

2003, Christian Bourret, Gabriella Salzano, Daniel Laurent, "Data and cooperative work in Health Services", Proceedings Systems Integration 2003, DOI 10.1.1.197.3574

...so that every citizen of Quebec has a carte soleil, with the Quebec government icon on it.

2000, “Canada Observed: Perspectives from Abroad and from Within”, in Jürgen Kleist, Shawn Huffman, →ISBN:

(Quebec, informal, medicine) The Quebec medicare card.


RPA

(Quebec) Privately-operated retirement home


May long weekend

May long weekend (plural May long weekends)

Journée des Patriotes
Journée des Patriotes

Dollard-des-Ormeaux Day
Dollard-des-Ormeaux Day#English

Fête nationale des Patriotes
Fête nationale des Patriotes

(Canada, US) A 3-day weekend with a statutory holiday weekday and Saturday and Sunday, in May, used to mark the beginning of summer season in some industries.

(Quebec) The Journée des Patriotes/Dollard-des-Ormeaux Day/Fête nationale des Patriotes 3-day weekend


recreotourism

To support the development of the Mosaïcultures internationales de Montréal as called for in the agreement, an additional $800.0 appropriation has been budgeted. Other additional funding includes $550.0 for the upkeep, planting and watering of areas along the Lachine Canal to enhance this new recreotourism attraction.

2003, Budget, Ville de Montréal, Service des finances, →OCLC, page 52:

This could be considered to be anecdotal evidence, but it highlights the real issue of the impacts of cyanobacterial blooms on the well-being of recreationists, residents living near waterbodies, and on the recreotourism industry.

2019, Chloe L'Ecuyer-Sauvageau et al., “Understanding the preferences of water users in a context of cyanobacterial blooms in Quebec”, in Journal of Environmental Management, volume 248, Elsevier, →DOI, →ISSN:

(non-native speakers' English, chiefly Quebec) Recreational tourism.


Parliament Hill

From parliament + hill.
* (Ottawa): From being a rise and promontory over the Ottawa River hosting parliament buildings.
* (Quebec): Calque of French Colline parlementaire From being a rise and promontory over the Saint-Lawrence River hosting parliament buildings.
* (London): From being a gathering place for troops of the Parliamentarians (Roundheads) during the English Civil War. Apocryphally, the location where the Gunpowder Plot was planned, to blowup the Palace of Westminster (Parliament).

(Quebec) A hill in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.