fiscal

From Middle French fiscal, from Latin fiscus (“treasury”) – see fiscus and fisc.

Procurator fiscal
procurator fiscal#English

(Scots law) Procurator fiscal, a public prosecutor.


shrike

From Middle English *schrike, *schryke, from Old English sċrīc (“shrike, thrush”), from the same root as shriek and screech, named after the bird's cry. Compare Icelandic skríkja (“shrieker, shrike”), Swedish skrika (“jay”).

Any of various passerine birds of the family Laniidae which are known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns.


loggerhead

From logger (“(dialectal) heavy wooden block secured to a horse's leg to prevent it from straying”) + head. Logger was apparently coined because its sound connotes a clumsy, heavy object; compare log (“trunk of a dead tree; bulky piece of wood”).

compound

Loggerheads, from the resemblance of its knobbed involucres to a weapon so called, consisting of a ball of iron at the end of a stick, the knapweed, the Clobbewed of old MSS. Centaurea nigra, L.

1863, R[ichard] C[handler] A[lexander] Prior, “Loggerheads”, in On the Popular Names of British Plants, […], London, Edinburgh: Williams and Norgate, […], →OCLC, page 137:

Bolwes, loggerheads, centaurea nigra. […] Bolwes is balls, the hard round heads of the wort. Loggerheads is a name I have often heard in Oxfordshire.

1866, “Saxon Names of Worts and Trees”, in Oswald Cockayne, editor, Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England. […] (Rerum Britannicarum Medii Aevi Scriptores), volume III, London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, →OCLC, page 315, column 1:

(Midlands, dialectal, often in the plural) A thistle-like flowering plant of the genus Centaurea, particularly the common knapweed (Centaurea nigra).

But here is a ſpecies of ducks, called the loggerhead, from its large head. They have ſhort wings, are unable to fly, and only ſwim and flap along on the water at an extraordinary rate.

1775 November 9, William Clayton, “V. An Account of the Falkland Islands”, in Philosophical Transactions, of the Royal Society of London, volume XLVI, part I, number 446, London: Printed by W[illiam] Bowyer and J[ohn] Nichols; for Lockyer Davis, […], printer to the Royal Society, published 1776, →OCLC, page 104:

A ſpecies of duck, as large as a gooſe, and called the loggerhead duck at the Falkland Iſlands, is here met with, which beats the water with its wings and feet, and runs along the ſea with inconceivable velocity; […]

1810 July, Jedidiah Morse, “Terra del Fuego Island”, in The American Gazetteer, Exhibiting a Full Account of the Civil Divisions, Rivers, Harbors, Indian Tribes, &c. of the American Continent: […], 3rd revised and corrected edition, Boston, Mass.: Thomas & Andrews […], →OCLC:

Micropterus cinereus (Gm.). (Loggerhead Duck.) This Duck, which is called the ‘Loggerhead’ in the Falkland Islands, frequents the salt water. […] Looking for the Loggerhead’s eggs, which are esteemed a great delicacy, is a great amusement to all the boys in Stanley.

1861 April, C[harles] C[onrad] Abbott, “XV.—Notes on the Birds of the Falkland Islands”, in Philip Lutley Sclater, editor, The Ibis, a Magazine of General Ornithology, volume III, number X, London: N[icholas] Trübner and Co., […], →OCLC, paragraph 42, page 161:

Tachyeres brachypterus
Tachyeres brachypterus#Translingual

Used as the name of various animals with large heads.

The loggerhead duck or Falkland steamer duck (Tachyeres brachypterus; formerly Tachyeres cinereus), a species of steamer duck endemic to the Falkland Islands.

[E]arly in the season, a pair of Loggerheads, Tyrannus caudifasciatus, appropriated the same tree to themselves, and commenced constructing their nest. The Mocking birds were seen constantly in the square, but never interrupted or interfered with them until they had nearly completed the nest; they then drove away the Loggerheads, took possession of it, added a few sticks to the outwork, laid the eggs and hatched the young brood. The poor Loggerheads hovered about the place in great distress for a few days, but never attempted to regain possession of their property.

1863 October–November, W. T. March, S[pencer] F[ullerton] Baird, “(Communicated by the Smithsonian Institution.) Notes on the Birds of Jamaica. […]”, in Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, number 6, Philadelphia, Pa.: Academy of Natural Sciences, […], →OCLC, page 291:

loggerhead kingbird
loggerhead kingbird#English

The loggerhead kingbird (Tyrannus caudifasciatus), a bird endemic to the Caribbean and West Indies.

[…] I have received here also one of the parent birds, and in this instance I have been again surprised to learn that it is the Loggerhead, and not borealis or excubitoroides, that is the species referred to. […] So that we have in all ten well-authenticated instances of the Loggerhead breeding in the very heart of two of the most northerly of the New England States.

1879 April, T[homas] M[ayo] Brewer, “General Notes. [The Loggerhead Shrike (Colluro ludovicianus) Breeding in Northern New England.]”, in Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club: A Quarterly Journal of Ornithology, volume IV, number 2, Cambridge, Mass.: Published by the [Nuttall Ornithological] Club, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 119:

Lanius ludovicianus
Lanius ludovicianus#Translingual

The loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), a bird endemic to North America.

Sternotherus minor (Agassiz) / Loggerhead musk-turtle / […] Most numerous in large calcareous springs, where they may be seen at night wandering around on the bottom, especially about piles of debris.

1940 January, Archie Fairly Carr, Jr., “Annotated List”, in A Contribution to the Herpetology of Florida (University of Florida Biological Science Series; vol. III, no. 1), [Gainesville, Fla.]: University of Florida, →OCLC, page 96:

The loggerhead (S[ternotherus] m[inor] minor) and stripe-necked (S. m. peltifer) musk turtles represent two distinct subspecies of a species with a tan to brown carapace with black streaking and overlapping scutes down the center of the carapace. […] The head of old loggerhead musk turtles becomes disproportionately enlarged, as does the front half of the entire shell.

2008, Kurl Buhlmann, Tracey Tuberville, Whit Gibbons, “Loggerhead and Striped-head Musk Turtles”, in Turtles of the Southeast (Wormsloe Foundation Nature Book), Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, →ISBN, page 131:

loggerhead musk turtle
loggerhead musk turtle#English

The loggerhead musk turtle (Sternotherus minor), a large-headed turtle endemic to the United States.

The Loggerhead is ſo called from the largeneſs of its head, which is much bigger in proportion than that of other kinds. The fleſh of this alſo is very rank, and not eaten but in caſe of neceſſity.

1791, Oliver Goldsmith, “Of the Tortoise, and Its Kinds”, in An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature. […], new edition, volume VI, London: […] F[rancis] Wingrave, successor to Mr. [John] Nourse, […], →OCLC, part IV (Of Crustaceous and Testaceous Fishes), page 361:

[O]ur boat was hoisted out, and a loggerhead turtle struck as it was sleeping on the surface of the water. […] Dr. Patrick Browne, in his Natural History of Jamaica, mentions the hawksbill, the green turtle, and the loggerhead only. […] The loggerhead from which his description was taken was caught near the Western Islands, many leagues out at sea.

1850 November, “Leaves from the Note-book of a Naturalist. Part XI.”, in Fraser’s Magazine for Town and Country, volume XLII, number CCLI, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], →OCLC, page 548:

The currest estimated number of loggerhead females nesting annually from North Carolina to Key Biscayne, Florida is 20,640 (± 6,328). This nesting level has been relatively stable since 1980 and accounts for about 98 percent of all loggerhead nesting within the continental United States.

1987 February 20, “Affected Environment”, in Draft Supplement to the Final Environmental Impact Statement on Listing and Protecting the Green Sea Turtle, Loggerhead Sea Turtle and the Pacific Ridley Sea Turtle under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, [Washington, D.C.]: Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, →OCLC, section III.A.1 (Loggerheads), page 33:

loggerhead sea turtle
loggerhead sea turtle#English

Caretta caretta
Caretta caretta#Translingual

The loggerhead sea turtle or loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta), an oceanic turtle found throughout the world.


great grey shrike

en-noun

great grey shrike (plural great grey shrikes)

Lanius excubitor
Lanius excubitor#Translingual


red-backed shrike

red-backed shrike (plural red-backed shrikes)

Lanius collurio
Lanius collurio#Translingual

A medium-sized bird (Lanius collurio) of the shrike family that breeds in most of Europe and western Asia and winters in tropical Africa, eating large insects, small birds, voles, and lizards.


Jacky Hangman

(South Africa) The Fiscal shrike Lanius collaris


Jacky Hanger

(South Africa) The fiscal shrike Lanius collaris


butcherbird

From butcher + bird, from its habit of hanging its prey.

A butcher bird has stirred, tuned its flute with a few preparatory notes.

1934, Henry G. Lamond, An Aviary On The Plains, page 47:

A short way off, two male butcher birds, black and white like magpies, were calling antiphonally across a ravine.

1987, Bruce Chatwin, The Songlines, Vintage, published 1998, page 224:

Any of the magpie-like birds in the genus Cracticus, family Artamidae, of Australia and New Guinea.


bokmakierie

The remarkable Bokmakierie is endemic to the Southern African region, and is found on broken ground in the cooler parts of the country. It has adapted to the urban environment, and is a common garden bird in many towns and cities. The Bokmakierie has a wide range of ringing duets.

1998, Andy Swash, http://www.birding.co.za/gallery/746.htm

A shrike endemic to Southern Africa, with olive upper parts, a yellow underside, and a deep black gorget.


woodchat

Lanius senator
Lanius senator#Translingual

Lanius senator, a medium-sized migratory passerine bird of the shrike family.


nine-killer

The bird was believed to kill and impale on thorns nine birds, etc., in succession.

Lanius borealis
Lanius borealis#Translingual

(archaic) The northern shrike (Lanius borealis).


wariangle

From Middle English wariangel, weryangle, possibly from Old English *weargincel with the second element reanalyzed as *weargengel. Compare Old English wearg (“outlaw, criminal”), German würgengel (“destroying angel, destroyer, killer”), -incel (“diminutive suffix”) and English worry.

cog

(UK, obsolete or dialect) The red-backed shrike (Lanius collurio).


laniid

(zoology) Any bird in the family Laniidae; a shrike.


loggerhead shrike

en-noun

loggerhead shrike (plural loggerhead shrikes)

A species of shrike native to North America, Lanius ludovicianus.


murderbird

For quotations using this term, see Citations:murderbird.


northern shrike

northern shrike (plural northern shrikes)

Lanius borealis, a large songbird species in the shrike family (Laniidae) native to North America and Siberia.


brown shrike

Lanius cristatus
Lanius cristatus#Translingual

Lanius cristatus, a bird in the shrike family (Lanius) that is found mainly in Asia. It is closely related to the red-backed shrike (L. collurio) and isabelline shrike (L. isabellinus).


long-tailed shrike

long-tailed shrike (plural long-tailed shrikes)

Lanius schach
Lanius schach#Translingual

Lanius schach, a member of the shrike family (Laniidae), mainly found in Asia.


masked shrike

Lanius nubicus
Lanius nubicus#Translingual

Lanius nubicus, a large songbird species in the shrike family (Laniidae).


woodchat shrike

woodchat shrike (plural woodchat shrikes)

Lanius senator, a species in the shrike family (Laniidae).


lesser grey shrike

lesser grey shrike (plural lesser grey shrikes)

Lanius minor, a member of the shrike family Laniidae.


red-tailed shrike

red-tailed shrike (plural red-tailed shrikes)

Lanius phoenicuroides
Lanius phoenicuroides#Translingual

Lanius phoenicuroides, a member of the shrike family (Laniidae). It was formerly considered conspecific with the isabelline shrike and the red-backed shrike.


isabelline shrike

isabelline shrike (plural isabelline shrikes)

Lanius isabellinus
Lanius isabellinus#Translingual

Lanius isabellinus, a member of the shrike family (Laniidae). It was formerly considered conspecific with the red-tailed shrike and the red-backed shrike.


mountain shrike

mountain shrike (plural mountain shrikes)

Lanius validirostris
Lanius validirostris#Translingual

Lanius validirostris, a small bird endemic to the Philippines.


grey-backed fiscal

grey-backed fiscal (plural grey-backed fiscals)

Lanius excubitoroides
Lanius excubitoroides#Translingual

Lanius excubitoroides, a species of bird in the family Laniidae.


African long-tailed shrike

African long-tailed shrike (plural African long-tailed shrikes)


magpie shrike

The African bird Urolestes melanoleucus.