windfucker

Gerard Manley Hopkins
New Scientist
The Windhover
University of Minnesota Press

If the term is a compound of wind + fucker, it may preserve an old sense of fuck (“to beat, strike”) which is also found in cognates (for example, Bohuslän Swedish fokka (“to fuck; thrust, push”)) but was otherwise lost from English, and it can be compared to the regional synonym fuckwind. (Wright's English Dialect Dictionary compares fuck in the latter word to fjúka (“be driven (by the wind); fly”) instead, while Liberman says the Norse word "has no [other?] cognates anywhere in Germanic".) However, the synonym windsucker is almost as old, and was rendered in older texts as windſucker using a long s, so some scholars think windfucker is a misreading of windſucker; others think windſucker is a bowdlerization of windfucker. Compare the later term windhover and the Orkney term windcuffer.
Modern attestations of the second, vulgar sense may be unrelated to the bird.

Succhia capra, a kinde of bird which is ſaid to ſuck a goates vdder. Some haue taken it for the winde-fucker. [...] Succhiéllo, an augre, a percer, [...]. Alſo a bird called a winde-fucker.

1598, John Florio, A Worlde of Wordes, or Most Copious, and Exact Dictionarie in Italian and English, London: Printed at London, by Arnold Hatfield for Edw[ard] Blount, →OCLC, page 405:

The kiſtrilles or windfuckers that filling themſelues with winde, fly againſt the wind euermore, for their ful-ſailed ſtanderdbearers, the Cranes for pikemen, and the woodcocks for demilances, and ſo of the reſt euery one, according to that place by nature hee was moſt apt for.

1599, [Thomas] Nashe, Nashes Lenten Stuffe, […], London: […] [Thomas Judson and Valentine Simmes] for N[icholas] L[ing] and C[uthbert] B[urby] […], →OCLC, page 49:

But there is a certaine enuious Windfucker, that houers up and downe, laboriouſly engroßing al the aire with his luxurious ambition and buzzing into every eare my detraction [...]

1611, Homer, “The Preface to the Reader”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., The Iliads of Homer Prince of Poets. Neuer before in any Languag Truely Translated. With a Com̃ent uppon some of His Chiefe Places; Donne according to the Greeke, London: Printed for Nathaniell Butter, →OCLC:

Yes, and a Goſhawk was his father, for ought we know, for I am ſure his mother was a Wind-fucker.
In an 1869 version, the word is indicated as wind-sucker.

1622 (first performance), William Shakespeare; William Rowley [probably by William Rowley alone], The Birth of Merlin; or, The Childe hath Found His Father. As it hath been Several Times Acted with Great Applause. Written by William Shakespear and William Rowley, London: Printed by Tho[mas] Johnson for Francis Kirkman and Henry Marsh, and are to be sold at the Princes Arms in Chancery-Lane, published 1662, →OCLC, Act IV, scene i

een Krijter, ofte Steen-krijter, A Caſtrill, or a Windefucker.

1648, Henry Hexham, “een Krijter, ofte Steen-krijter”, in A Copious English and Netherduytch Dictionarie Composed out of Our Best English Authours. With an Appendix of the Names of All Kinds of Beasts, Fovvles, Birds, Fishes, Hunting, and Havvking. As also a Compendious Grammar for the Instruction of the Reader. Het groot woorden-boeck, gestelt in't Engelsch ende Nederduytsch. Met een Appendix van de namen van alderley Beesten, Vogelen, Visschen, Jagerye, ende Valckerye, &c. Als oock, een korte Engelsche Grammatica, Rotterdam: Gedruckt by Aernovt Leers, →OCLC:

The days when the dandelion could be called the pissabed, a heron could be called a shiterow, and the windhover could be called the windfucker have passed away with the exuberant phallic advertisement of the codpiece.

1991, Geoffrey Hughes, “A Cursory Introduction”, in Swearing: A Social History of Foul Language, Oaths and Profanity in English (Language Library), Oxford: Basil Blackwell, →ISBN:

I wanted her to scan the motorway's long acre / And the tarmac and grassy patches at the airport / And undress her prey in the sky and beat the air / Above grasshopper and skylark as the wind-fucker.

2006, Michael Longley, Collected Poems, London: Jonathan Cape, →ISBN, page 210:

A cock-up of monumental proportions arming this overgrown embryo & so the stars align & geomancers tell of time being ripe to catch the big fish of desiderare before the windfucker does.

2008, Sascha Aurora Akhtar, The Grimoire of Grimalkin, Cambridge: Salt Publishing, →ISBN, page 57:

As a devout Catholic, [Gerard Manley] Hopkins might have been shocked by an even older name for the kestrel: the wind fucker, [...]

2011, Stephen Moss, “April”, in Wild Hares and Hummingbirds: The Natural History of an English Village, London: Square Peg, →ISBN, page 89:

(archaic) The common kestrel (Falco tinnunculus).


whippador

A dog that is a cross between a whippet and a Labrador retriever.


spokesdog

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-spokesdog.wav

By analogy to spokeswoman, spokesperson, etc., formed with dog.

2008 January 19, Peter Sagal (host), Wait, Wait...Don’t Tell Me!, National Public Radio
The scientists were thrilled, but a spokesdog for the dog community said the program was inadequate.


shrow

en-verb

shrow (third-person singular simple present shrows, present participle shrowing, simple past and past participle shrowed)

shrows (present singular third-person)
shrowing (participle present)
shrowed (participle past)
shrowed (past)

Dense fogs followed; and early one morning, the city was shrowed in almost Egyptian darkness.

c. 1830, The Parterre; Or, Universal Story-teller:

Neither is there any doubt, but that many Rulers over Cities and countreys, are over ruled by their wives, but as these women knowe howe in time and place, to bee obedient to their husbands, so there are some such restive jades, that they will not at any time be commaunded, and by their importunities, exclamations, scolding, and brawling, continually withstande their husbands willes, and make a mock at them, playing with them a thousand shrowed prankes, which caused a certayne King to say, that they were very fooles that would followe their wife, running away from them.

1913, The Nineteenth Century and After - Volume 73, page 1281:

I may make it clear here that discussion on the important religious cults alongwith their attendant sects in a systematic manner is not an easy task due to the fact that systematic records have not yet been available, some of the religions have been shrowed in oblivion and many of the monuments have been damaged.

1985, H. C. Das, Cultural Development in Orissa, page 126:


saola

Borrowed from Vietnamese sao la, probably from Lao ເສົາຫລ (sao la, “spindle[-horned]”) or some other Tai-Kadai language.

2013, C. Michele Thompson, 10: Would a saola by any other name still be a saola?, Hue-Tam Ho Tai, Mark Sidel (editors), State, Society and the Market in Contemporary Vietnam, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), page 185,
The current consensus is that the saola is so rare and so solitary in terms of genetic relatives that it should be placed not only in its own separate genus (Pseudoryx) but also in its own tribe (Pseudorygini) within the subfamily Bovinae.

Killing or capture of saola is prohibited by law in both Vietnam and Lao PDR, and the sale of wildlife in both countries is generally illegal, but there is insufficient enforcement of these laws in both countries.

2014, William Robichaud, Barney Long, “Chapter 19: Saola Pseudoryx nghetinhensis Dung, Giao, Chinh, Touc, Arctander & Mackinnon, 1993”, in Mario Melletti, James Burton, editors, Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour of Wild Cattle: Implications for Conservation, Cambridge University Press, page 323:

2015, William deBuys, The Last Unicorn: A Search for One of Earth's Rarest Creatures, Hachette (Little, Brown and Company), unnumbered page,
It is surprising, twenty years after saola first attracted the world's attention, that so little about the species is known.

A critically endangered ruminant of species Pseudoryx nghetinhensis, of Vietnam and Laos.


leopard cat

Prionailurus bengalensis
Prionailurus bengalensis#Translingual

(zoology) A wild cat native to Southeast Asia, Prionailurus bengalensis.


sorel

en-noun

sorel (countable and uncountable, plural sorels)


kittle

en-adj

kittle (comparative kittler, superlative kittlest)

kittler (comparative)
kittlest (superlative)

From Middle English kitelen, from Old English citelian (“to tickle”), from Proto-West Germanic *kitilōn, from Proto-Germanic *kitilōną, frequentative form of Proto-Germanic *kitōną (“to tickle”), from Proto-Indo-European *geid- (“to stick, jab, tickle”).
Cognate with Dutch kittelen, kietelen (“to tickle”), Low German kettelen, ketelen (“to tickle”), German kitzeln (“to tickle”), Icelandic kitla (“to tickle”), Swedish kittla, kittsla, Danish kilde and perhaps Old Armenian կիծ- (kic-, “to sting, bite”). Compare tickle.

der

(Scotland and Northern England) Ticklish.


poached egg

With adolescent perversity, he turned up his nose at all of the elegant French items on the Closerie's menu and scandalized the waitron by demanding corned-beef hash—fried extra crisp—with poached eggs, a slice of fresh papaya with lime, banana-walnut bread, and a pitcher of Mexican chocolate.

1992, Julian May, Jack the Bodiless, Knopf, →ISBN, →OL:

An egg that has been cooked by gently breaking it into simmering or very hot water.


zygodactylae

The zygodactylous birds. In a restricted sense, applied to a division of birds which includes the barbets, toucans, honey guides, and other related birds.


spokescat

By analogy to spokesman, spokeswoman, spokesperson, etc., with cat.

Superstar Arthur was the spokescat for a large cat food manufacturer until the cat food company decided to have Arthur's teeth removed.

2005, Alexandra Powe Allred, Cats' Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Mysterious Mousers, Talented Tabbies ..., page 174:


rabbitfish

en-noun

rabbitfish (plural rabbitfish or rabbitfishes)

rabbitfish (plural)
rabbitfishes (plural)

From rabbit + fish, from its mouth shape.

Any fish in the family Chimaeridae, cartilaginous fish in the order Chimaeriformes.


sea rover

Compare Danish sørøver, German Seeräuber, Norwegian sjørøver, Swedish sjörövare.

(British, colloquial, archaic) A herring.


ribbon seal

Histriophoca fasciata
Histriophoca fasciata#Translingual

A species (Histriophoca fasciata) of true seal (or earless seal) found in the Arctic and subarctic regions of the North Pacific Ocean.


fruit pigeon

Any of several fruit-eating doves or pigeons.


green anole

An arboreal lizard, Anolis carolinensis, native to the southeastern United States

североамерика́нский красного́рлый ано́лис


ritten

According to Willy Raets (famous dutch breeder who e-mails with AG) it is the above, although he can't tell for sure until the ritten is 3 months old.

1999 January 19, Anne M@rie [ Scarlet's Shelter ], “New ratties.. :-))”, in alt.pets.rodents (Usenet):


inca

Any of several species of hummingbirds in the genus Coeligena


common bullfinch

common bullfinch (plural common bullfinches)

Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Pyrrhula pyrrhula#Translingual

A small bird, the Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula).


toy poodle

A small poodle, measuring less than 10 inches (28 cm).


Eurasian bullfinch

Eurasian bullfinch (plural Eurasian bullfinches)

A small passerine bird, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, in the finch genus.


standard poodle

standard poodle (plural standard poodles)

A relatively large poodle, measuring more than 15 inches (38 cm).


miniature poodle

miniature poodle (plural miniature poodles)

a small poodle between 11-15 inches (28-38 cm)


trahira

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese traíra.

etymon

The American ray-finned fish Hoplias malabaricus.


mountain zebra

A species of zebra, native to South-western Angola, Namibia and South Africa, (Equus zebra)


nanny goat

And later, at an opportune moment, when Franny was pretending to sample a cup of chicken broth, Mrs. Glass had climbed up on the window seats with the agility of a mountain nanny goat and stripped all three of the sash windows of their heavy damask curtains.

1957, J. D. Salinger, “Zooey”, in Franny and Zooey, published 1961:


antilopine

From New Latin antilope (“antelope”) + -ine.

She kept an antilopine as a pet.


owlery

Or perhaps there is now no heroic wisdom left in England; England, once the land of heroes, is itself sunk now to a dim owlery, and habitation of doleful creatures, intent only on money-making and other forms of catching mice, for whom the proper gospel is the gospel of M‘Croudy, and all nobler impulses and insights are forbidden henceforth?

1850 April 1, Thomas Carlyle, “No. III. Downing Street.”, in Latter-Day Pamphlets, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, page 93:


cyprine

en-adj

cyprine (comparative more cyprine, superlative most cyprine)

more cyprine (comparative)
most cyprine (superlative)

From Latin cyprīnus (“a species of carp”) + -ine.


noseband

The part of a bridle or halter that goes over the nose of an animal, particularly a horse.


hutia

Any of the medium-sized rodents of the subfamily Capromyinae, which inhabit the Caribbean islands.


bluefin

bluefin tuna, any of a number of types of tuna characterised by their blue fins.


baya

Ploceus philippinus, a weaverbird of southern Asia.


hawksbill turtle

en-noun

hawksbill turtle (plural hawksbill turtles)

The turtle's head has a sharply hooked beak, supposed to resemble the bill of a hawk.

Eretmochelys imbricata
Eretmochelys imbricata#Translingual

A sea turtle species (Eretmochelys imbricata).


pekan

From the Abenaki apanakes (“pine marten, Martes americana”), or a Penobscot cognate of it.

der

Pekania pennanti
Pekania pennanti#Translingual

Martes pennanti
Martes pennanti#Translingual

A fisher cat or fisher (Pekania pennanti, syn. Martes pennanti)

Martes americana
Martes americana#Translingual


washed out

en-adj

washed out (comparative more washed out, superlative most washed out)

more washed out (comparative)
most washed out (superlative)

a washed out horse

(US, horse racing) Synonym of washy (“tending to sweat profusely”)


rain crow

Coccyzus americanus
Coccyzus americanus#Translingual

The yellow-billed cuckoo (Coccyzus americanus)


house cat

Felis silvestris catus
Felis silvestris catus#Translingual

A domestic cat, Felis catus or Felis silvestris catus, commonly kept as a pet animal.

A pet cat that is confined to, or almost permanently resides, inside of a house.


baskimo

A mix between an American Eskimo Dog and a basset hound.


bogue

Related to Spanish boga (“a ray-finned fish”) Leporinus obtusidens, from Late Latin bōca, bōx; Box vulgaris is an older name for Boops boops. Compare also the obsolete term boce for this or another kind of fish.

A species of seabream fish native to the eastern Atlantic (Boops boops).


jabuti

From Brazilian Portuguese jabuti, from Old Tupi îaboti.

The deer gave up the race to the jabuti. The deer then offered to have a trial of strength with the jabuti.

1879, Herbert Huntington Smith, Brazil, the Amazons and the Coast, page 545:

Again, the rabbit would try harder, run faster, and pass the jabuti once more, but no matter how hard he tried or how fast he ran, when he came around the corner, again and again the jabuti was in the lead.

1977, Roberta C. Wigder, Brazil Rediscovered, Dorrance Publishing Company:

The Jabuti is identical with Brother Terrapin. The man carried the Jabuti to his house, put him in a box, and went out. By and by the Jabuti began to sing, just as Brother Babbit did. The man's children listened, and the Jabuti stopped.

1881, Joel Chandler Harris, Nights with Unlcle Remus:

The most popular of all is the jabuti (or Yauti, as it is pronounced in the Tupy language). It is a large turtle, much appreciated as food. Short-legged, slow, weak, and silent, the jabuti in the Amazon tradition is like the fox in the European tales.

2006(?), Livia de Almeida, Ana Portella, Brazilian Folktales, Libraries Unlimited

A Brazilian tortoise, especially a yellow-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis denticulatus).


latrate

en-verb

latrate (third-person singular simple present latrates, present participle latrating, simple past and past participle latrated)

latrates (present singular third-person)
latrating (participle present)
latrated (participle past)
latrated (past)

From Latin lātrātus (“barked”) taken as a verb via English -ate, from Latin lātrāre (“to bark”). Compare Spanish ladrar (“to bark”). First attested in 1623, originally seemingly as a ghost word.

Latrate, to barke like a dog.

[1623, Henry Cockeram, The English Dictionarie Of 1623, New York: Huntington Press, published 1930, s.v., page 110:

I once saw a big dog plunging out furiously at a passing car, and, as I watched him, his gait looked peculiar. The reason for this eccentricity became clear when he returned from his latrating orgy: he had only three legs.

1928, Charles Hall Grandgent, Prunes and Prism: With Other Odds and Ends, page 145:

[…] Rip ought to know there wasn’t a beggar’s chance of catching one of the birds; all the silly, latrating dogs thus showed off.

1931, Harry Kemp, Love Among the Cape Enders, page 91:

With everything boiling over; with everyone rapping, yakking or latrating, it would restore dignity to a number of America’s newspapers if the objectivity of their reporting would harden in direct proportion to the subjectivity of the story being reported.

1972, Max Wylie, 400 Miles from Harlem: Courts, Crime, and Correction, page 201:


volador

A flying fish of California (Cheilopogon pinnatibarbatus californicus).


Galápagos penguin

en-noun

Galápagos penguin (plural Galápagos penguins)

Perhaps the most surprising of all is the 35 centimetre (14 inch) tall Galápagos penguin.

1991, Martha Holmes, Sea Trek, BBC Books, page 29:

Spheniscus mendiculus
Spheniscus mendiculus#Translingual

A species of penguin, Spheniscus mendiculus, which lives on the Galápagos Islands.

Eʼeʼaahjí Tónteeldę́ę́ʼ tsídii naʼałkʼaiʼí


great grey owl

Strix nebulosa
Strix nebulosa#Translingual


glaucous gull

Larus hyperboreus
Larus hyperboreus#Translingual

Larus hyperboreus, a large gull which breeds in the Arctic.


gerenuk

Unaccountably, he finds himself thinking of gerenuks and gazelles.

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 139:

A type of long-necked gazelle, Litocranius walleri, native to central and eastern Africa.


golden jackal

Canis aureus, a common jackal that can be found in southwest Europe, the Middle East and South Asia.


monk vulture

Eurasian black vulture
Eurasian black vulture#English


eastern gorilla

eastern gorilla (plural eastern gorillas)

Gorilla beringei
Gorilla beringei#Translingual

Gorilla beringei, one of the two extant gorilla species, originally considered to be a subspecies.


mountain gorilla

mountain gorilla (plural mountain gorillas)

A subspecies of the eastern gorilla, Gorilla beringei beringei.


marsh warbler

Acrocephalus palustris
Acrocephalus palustris#Translingual

A small passerine bird, Acrocephalus palustris, family Acrocephalidae, of Europe and Africa.


Mexican wolf

A rare subspecies of grey wolf, Canis lupus baileyi


giant forest hog

giant forest hog (plural giant forest hogs)

Hylochoerus meinertzhageni
Hylochoerus meinertzhageni#Translingual

Hylochoerus meinertzhageni, a large pig living in the jungles of West and Central Africa.


elephantfish

elephantfish (plural elephantfish or elephantfishes)

elephantfish (plural)
elephantfishes (plural)

A plownose chimaera, any fish in the not closely related genus Callorhinchus of cartilaginous fish, which uses its fleshy snout to feel for food in sediments and to sense electric fields.


Eurasian black vulture

Eurasian black vulture (plural Eurasian black vultures)

Aegypius monachus
Aegypius monachus#Translingual

Aegypius monachus, a species of large vulture living in Europe and Asia.


sloth bear

More people in India are killed by sloth bears than by tigers.

2002, Andrew M. McDearmid, Heart of a Hunter: Big Game Hunting, page 145:

As in other species of wild bears, sloth bears are most likely to die young, especially during the first few months after they have left their mothers.

2002, Bernard Stonehouse, A Visual Introduction to Bears, page 31:

Sloth bear attacks are in no way a thing of the past. In recent years, Sri Lankan wildlife expert Shyamala Ratnayeke has surveyed close to three hundred of her countrymen who have encountered and, in some cases, been injured by sloth bears.

2007, Bernd Brunner, Bears: A Brief History, page 134:

Melursus ursinus
Melursus ursinus#Translingual

A nocturnal bear, Melursus ursinus, native to South Asia.


harp seal

From harp + seal. So called because it has black harp- or wishbone-shaped markings on its back.

Pagophilus groenlandicus
Pagophilus groenlandicus#Translingual

One of species Pagophilus groenlandicus, a true seal (or earless seal) found in the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean.


blue wildebeest

blue wildebeest (plural blue wildebeest)

A large ungulate mammal of the bovid family and one of two species of wildebeest, (Connochaetes taurinus)


Greenland shark

Greenland shark (plural Greenland sharks)

Somniosus microcephalus
Somniosus microcephalus#Translingual

A large shark (Somniosus microcephalus) that inhabits the northern Atlantic Ocean.


panga

Back-formation from the plural, from the stem of translingual Pangasius (genus name), from Bengali পাঙ্গাশ (paṅgaś, “mud- or brown-coloured fish”).

der

Any of various edible freshwater fish of the genus Pangasius, native to southeast Asia, especially the iridescent shark, Pangasius hypophthalmus, now reclassified as Pangasianodon hypophthalmus.


basenji

Dogs – records from 137 cases were reviewed. The majority were male, with breeds including basenji, boerboel, German shepherd, labrador retriever, local, maltese and pitbull.

2024, Steven Kakooza, Wilfred Eneku, Esther Nabatta, Eddie M Wampande, Paul Ssajjakambwe, et al., “Integrating multi-wet laboratory diagnostics to study staphylococci in animals in Uganda”, in BMC Microbiology, volume 24, →DOI, page 7:


ruddy shelduck

Tadorna ferruginea
Tadorna ferruginea#Translingual


Chinese desert cat

en-noun

Chinese desert cat (plural Chinese desert cats)

Chinese mountain cat
Chinese mountain cat#English


common seal

Phoca vitulina
Phoca vitulina#Translingual

Phoca vitulina, a seal living in the northern Atlantic and Pacific oceans.


Chinese mountain cat

Chinese mountain cat (plural Chinese mountain cats)

(zoology) A small wild cat, Felis bieti, living in western China.


domestic duck

The domesticated subspecies or form of mallard, sometimes Anas platyrhynchos domesticus or Anas platyrhynchos f. domestica.


harpy eagle

Harpia harpyja
Harpia harpyja#Translingual

(ornithology) A neotropical eagle, Harpia harpyja.


seadog

(uncommon) A white-topped wave in an estuary.


crucian carp

crucian carp (usually uncountable, plural crucian carps)

Carassius carassius
Carassius carassius#Translingual

Carassius carassius, a species of carp found in northern Europe and northern Asia.

A fish of any species in genus Carassius.


snakefish

snakefish (plural snakefish or snakefishes)

Any of the several fish that resemble a snake.


magpie-lark

Grallina cyanoleuca
Grallina cyanoleuca#Translingual

A common species of passerine bird, Grallina cyanoleuca, family Monarchidae, of Australia and southern New Guinea.


black swan

From Middle English blak swan, calqued from a Latin quotation from Satire VI (written late 1st century – early 2nd century B.C.E.) of the Roman poet Juvenal: “Rara avis in terris, nigroque simillima cygno [a bird as rare upon the earth as a black swan]!”. Equivalent to black + swan.
Sense 2.1 (“something believed impossible or not to exist”) is from the fact that all swans were thought to have white plumage until black swans were discovered in Australia in the 17th century by Dutch explorers. Sense 2.2 (“rare and hard-to-predict event”) was popularized by the Lebanese-American author Nassim Nicholas Taleb (born 1960) in his book The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable (2007): see the quotation.

nb...

a Dissertation on the Life and Writings of Juvenal; a Treatise on Latin Versification; and an Index, Historical, Geographical, Explanatory, and Referential. 􂀿...􂁀 A New Edition, Critically Revised, Improved, and Linearly Arranged, from the Original Version of the Rev. John Stirling, D.D.

Paternoster Row; Whittaker and Co. Ave Maria Lane; and Simpkin and Marshall, Stationers’ Hall Court.

Mankind were wrong, it seems, in concluding that all swans were white: are we also wrong, when we conclude that all men's heads grow above their shoulders, and never below, in spite of the conflicting testimony of the naturalist Pliny? As there were black swans, though civilised people had existed for three thousand years on the earth without meeting with them, may there not also be "men whose heads do grow beneath their shoulders," notwithstanding a rather less perfect unanimity of negative testimony from all observers? Most persons would answer No; it was more credible that a bird should vary in its colour, than that man should vary in the relative position of his principal organs.

1843, John Stuart Mill, “Of the Ground of Induction”, in A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence, and the Methods of Scientific Investigation. […], volume I, London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], →OCLC, § 3, page 379:

If you tell me that there is or that there is not a black swan or a white raven, I want to know where you mean; and that you can only show me,—no description will answer the purpose.

1884 summer, Charles Sanders Peirce, “On the Algebra of Logic (Second Paper) [Item 22, MS 508]”, in Christian J. W. Kloesel [et al.], editors, Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A Chronological Edition, volumes 5 (1884–1886), Bloomington; Indianapolis, Ind.: Indiana University Press, published 1993, →ISBN, page 111:

The original propounder of 'all swans are white' presumably based it on a sample of hundreds or thousands; but the verifications before the Australian black swan was discovered must have run into millions

1961, Harold Jeffreys, “Estimation Problems”, in Theory of Probability (Oxford Classic Texts in the Physical Sciences), 3rd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, published 2003, →ISBN, paragraph 3.21, page 132:

This concept of "observation" is not like that of seeing a black swan, to mention a famous classical example. New particles leave signatures in the detector that on an event by event basis cannot be distinguished by other processes (background).

1999, G. D’Agostini, “Bayesian Reasoning versus Conventional Statistics in High Energy Physics”, in Wolfgang von der Linden, Volker Dose, Rainer Fischer, Roland Preuss, editors, Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods: Garching, Germany 1998: Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Methods of Statistical Analysis (Fundamental Theories of Physic; 105), Dordrecht, South Holland: Springer Science+Business Media, →DOI, →ISBN, footnote 19, page 166:

Cygnus atratus
Cygnus atratus#Translingual

Cygnus atratus, a swan with black plumage and a red bill which is endemic to Australia.

黒鳥

こくちょう, コクチョウ, kokuchō


Aepyornis

/iːpɪˈɔːnɪs/

From scientific Latin Aepyornis (genus name).

I wonder how long it is since these Aepyornises really lived.

For how long the Aepyornis survived the arrival of Europeans was, and remains, a mystery.

2000, Errol Fuller, Extinct Birds, Oxford, page 35:

An elephant bird of the genus Aepyornis.


anhinga

From New Latin anhinga or Portuguese anhingá, from Old Tupi ajíŋa, áyinga, or ayingá.

Anhinga anhinga
Anhinga anhinga#Translingual

(zoology) A fish-eating bird (Anhinga anhinga) of North America with a thin, pointed bill and a long, thin neck.


gymnure

From New Latin Gymnura, former genus name, from Ancient Greek γυμνός (gumnós, “naked”) + οὐρά (ourá, “tail”).

Unlike hedgehogs, all gymnures produce a strong ammoniac smell reminiscent of rotten garlic, the better to establish territories and to deter enemies when frightened.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherworlds, Penguin, published 2023, page 50:

A carnivorous mammal, subfamily Galericinae, related to the hedgehogs and resembling a large rat, which inhabits various parts of south-east Asia.


moonrat

From moon + rat, a calque of Malay tikus balan (tikus (“rat”) + bulan (“moon”)).

Incidental observations on moonrats Echinosorex gymnurus in Malaysia suggests that this species is uncommon everywhere but does occur in low numbers in logged^((1-12:51)) forest in peninsular Malaysia (Johns 1989a).

1997, Andrew Grieser Johns, Timber Production and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Rain Forests, page 87:

The smell of rotting onions, stale sweat, or ammonia may indicate the presence of a moonrat, which produces a strong scent from two glands near the anus. The animal uses this powerful odor to mark its territory. A solitary creature, the moonrat will emit hiss-puffs and low roars if it encounters another member of its species.

2004, Fred Cooke, The Encyclopedia of Animals: A Complete Visual Guide, page 86:

Moonrats are a lowland forest species which feed primarily on worms and arthropods.

2005, E. Meijaard, editor, Life After Logging, page 82:

A gymnure, especially the greater gymnure, Echinosorex gymnura.


pipistrelle

From French pipistrelle, from Italian pipistrello (“bat”), variant of vipistrello, from Latin vespertilio.

Any of various species of bats of the genus Pipistrellus.


serow

From Lepcha ᰠᰶᰛᰨ (să-ro, “long-haired Tibetan goat”).

uder

The peninsula is home to an estimated four hundred macaques, the world's most northerly colony of wild monkeys, and a growing population of red-haired, goat-like serow, both of which are a protected species.

1999, Jan Dodd, Simon Richmond, The Rough Guide to Japan, page 265:

The serow differs in being larger, at least 32 inches (81 cm) tall, whereas gorals are never more than 28 inches (71 cm). Serows are also distinguished in having small face glands that give out a duikerlike odor.

2002, Maurice Burton, Robert Burton, International Wildlife Encyclopedia, page 2323:

Where official protection is accorded, it is usually on paper only, as the serow is hunted for meat and its body parts, which are used in local medicine. (For example, it is believed that the broth obtained by boiling a serow head is a remedy for arthritis.)

2011, John P. Rafferty, editor, Grazers, page 147:

Any of several species of Asian ungulates of the genus Capricornis.

серау

any of several species of Asian ungulates of the genus Capricornis


muntjac

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-muntjac.wav

From Dutch muntjak, from Sundanese ᮙᮨᮔ᮪ᮎᮨᮊ᮪ (mencek, “small deer”).

der

Any of various species of east Asian deer of the genus Muntiacus, having short antlers and a barking call.


cinnamon-rumped foliage-gleaner

en-noun

cinnamon-rumped foliage-gleaner (plural cinnamon-rumped foliage-gleaners)

A bird of species Philydor pyrrhodes, in the Furnariidae family, native to Brazil.


campagnol

Borrowed from French campagnol (“vole”), from campagne (“field”).

The dormice are distinguished from the campagnols by the superior softness of the fur, and the greater length of the tail.

1819, The Edinburgh magazine and literary miscellany, volume 83, page 505:

(archaic) A vole (US, Canada: field mouse), Microtus agrestis that often does great damage in fields and gardens by feeding on roots and seeds.


coonhound

(countable) Any of several American breeds of dog originally used in hunting raccoons.


show jumper

(equestrianism) A (human or horse) participant in show jumping


show jumping

An equestrian event in which a rider's horse is jumped over an array of obstacles.

障害飛越競技

しょうがいひえつきょうぎ

In Sweden, a rabbit show jumping contest is held. The contest is known as kaninhopping and includes a race course for the bunnies using hoops, seesaws, ramps, and fencing.

2023, Kathleen Olson, The Big Book of Pointless Knowledge:

A similar event with rabbits instead of ridden horses.


honey buzzard

The species was historically assumed to include honey in its diet, due to the fact that it broke open and fed from honeycombs

European honey buzzard
European honey buzzard

Pernis apivorus
Pernis apivorus#Translingual

Any of certain birds of prey in family Accipitridae

European honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus), a summer migrant to most of Europe and western Asia, wintering in tropical Africa

crested honey buzzard
crested honey buzzard

Pernis ptilorhynchus
Pernis ptilorhynchus#Translingual

crested honey buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus), wintering in tropical south east Asia, a summer migrant to Siberia

Pernis celebensis
Pernis celebensis#Translingual

barred honey buzzard (Pernis celebensis), found in Indonesia and the Philippines

Henicopernis infuscatus
Henicopernis infuscatus#Translingual

black honey buzzard (Henicopernis infuscatus), endemic to Papua New Guinea

Henicopernis longicauda
Henicopernis longicauda#Translingual

long-tailed honey buzzard (Henicopernis longicauda), found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea


pern

19th century, after the taxonomical name Pernis (Cuvier 1816).


hardhead

Aythya australis
Aythya australis#Translingual

A brown diving duck, Aythya australis, native to Australia.

Nahatʼeʼiitsoh Bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ naalʼeełí binááʼ łigaaígíí


lamoid

A member of the South American camelid family, a llama, alpaca, vicuna, or guanaco.


slippery as an eel

(simile, colloquial) So slippery that it is almost impossible to hold.


Australian cattle dog

Australian cattle dog (plural Australian cattle dogs)

A breed of herding dog bred in Australia for controlling cattle; varieties include the Queensland heeler, blue heeler and red heeler.


red slender loris

red slender loris (plural red slender lorises)

Loris tardigradus, a species of slender lorises.


recurve-billed bushbird

recurve-billed bushbird (plural recurve-billed bushbirds)

Clytoctantes alixii, a species of antbirds.


red-faced cormorant

red-faced cormorant (plural red-faced cormorants)

Phalacrocorax urile
Phalacrocorax urile#Translingual

A cormorant that lives in the northern Pacific Ocean region, (Urile urile, syn. Phalacrocorax urile).


rufous-backed antvireo

rufous-backed antvireo (plural rufous-backed antvireos)

A tropical bird whose natural habitat is located on Brazilian montanes, Dysithamnus xanthopterus


red-throated pipit

red-throated pipit (plural red-throated pipits)

Anthus cervinus
Anthus cervinus#Translingual

A small passerine bird, Anthus cervinus.


lagoon triggerfish

lagoon triggerfish (plural lagoon triggerfish)

Rhinecanthus aculeatus
Rhinecanthus aculeatus#Translingual

Rhinecanthus aculeatus, a vividly-coloured tropical fish.


syno

Any member of the genus Synodontis of catfishes.


hunting whip

A whip with a hooked horn handle (that can be used for opening gates), a short shaft or stock, and a long leather thong with a silk or cord lash.


night-bat

there were found divers populous nations, in farre differing climates, that lived upon them; made provision of them, and carefully fed them; as also of grasse-hoppers, pissemires, lizards, and night-bats [translating chauvessouriz].

(now only Caribbean) A (night-flying) bat.


headcollar

A bitless headpiece for leading or tying up a horse.


winkers

blocked leather eye shields attached to a (usually) harness bridle for horses, to prevent them from seeing backwards, and partially sideways; blinders in (USA).

a fleece cover wrapped around the cheek strap of a racing bridle to limit the rear vision of racehorses.


lungeing cavesson

lungeing cavesson (plural lungeing cavessons)

a special type of halter or headcollar with extra rings on the noseband for attaching a lunge line (or rein)


saltie

1998, Romulus Whitaker, Zai Whitaker, Crocodile Fever: Wildlife Adventures in New Guinea, Orient Longman, India, page 8,
‘Salties’ typically live in and around the coastal mangroves but are not uncommon hundreds of kilometres inland. A saltie grows to around seven metres in length and is the main Asian crocodile responsible for attacks on humans.

They like to spend their time in freshwater rivers in coastal waters. Saltwater crocodiles are fiercely territorial and fully mature male salties force younger and smaller salties into the ocean where they have to search for river systems.

2010, Lindsay Marsh, Dangerous Aussie Animals, page 40:

It is feared by those who live near it. For its part, the saltie fears nothing — except a larger crocodile.

2010, Nancy Cushing, Kevin Markwell, Snake-Bitten: Eric Worrell and the Australian Reptile Park, page 94:

For their part, the others had been earnestly pointing out that there were in fact two types of crocodiles, saltwater and freshwater, and that only the salties were dangerous.

2011, A.J. Mackinnon, The Well at the World′s End, page 104:

(Australia, informal) A saltwater crocodile.


thunder lizard

The footprints have already settled one old argument about the Thunder Lizard's habits. Scientists had once argued that the animal's legs could not have supported its tremendous bulk on land and that it was only capable of swimming.

1952, “The Trail of the Thunder Lizard”, in Life, volume 33, number 21, page 67:

(informal) The apatosaurus or brontosaurus.


triceratops

triceratops (plural triceratops or triceratopses)

triceratops (plural)
triceratopses (plural)

From translingual Triceratops, from Ancient Greek τρεῖς (treîs, “three”) + κέρας (kéras, “horn”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “face”).

Common name of the extinct genus Triceratops; herbivorous ceratopsids from the late Cretaceous.


apatosaurus

apatosaurus (plural apatosauruses or apatosauri)

apatosauruses (plural)
apatosauri (plural)

From Ancient Greek ἀπάτη (apátē, “trick, deception”) + -saurus, due to initial confusion over the analysis of the vertebral elements.

der

The American Museum of Natural History’s dinosaur collection is currently under wraps, awaiting the completion of its new display space. The world-renowned collection of saber-toothed tigers, mammoths, apatosauri, and other fossilized vertebrates (does that include Ronald Reagan and Jesse Helms?) will soon be showcased in six new halls on the fourth floor.

1994, Joseph Downton, Eva Leonard, Detour’s New York: The Alternative Guide, Sacramento, Calif.: Detour Publications, →ISBN, page 284, column 2:

In 2342, the fossils were rediscovered during a dig organized by the Atlantic Paleo-Genetic Reclamation Project of the Intersolar Terraforming Commission. They were just the sort of raw material that the Project was looking for. / The Commission had set up a planet that was perfect for millet farming. But the soil there was very rocky. They envisioned the use of customized, vocalizing apatosauri as plow animals.

1997, Stepan Chapman, The Troika, Tallahassee, Fla.: Ministry of Whimsy Press, →ISBN, pages 185–186:

Two ivy-covered dinosaur topiaries, which had formerly decorated the lawn near the Pacific Science Center (see p11) at Seattle Center, now grace Fremont’s narrow Ship Canal Park. To save them from extinction, History House and a group of Fremont artists purchased these in 1999 for $1. The mother, 66-ft (20-m) long, and young apatosauri are now sanctioned by the city and fully integrated into the crazy quilt of what is virtually a neighborhood-wide sculpture garden.

2005, DK Eyewitness Top 10 Travel Guide: Seattle, London: Dorling Kindersley Limited, →ISBN, page 82, column 2:

A large sauropod dinosaur of the genus Apatosaurus of the late Jurassic Period, having a long neck and tail and a relatively small head.


bug boy

From the "bug" (asterisk) used to denote their weight allowance.


longe line

(US) A rope-like piece of equipment, usually 20 meters or longer in length, attached to the bridle, longeing cavesson, or halter of a horse to provide control while longeing.


cavesson

From French caveçon, from Italian cavezzone, capezzone, augmentative of cavezza, probably from Latin caput (“head”), although derivation from Germanic has also been suggested; compare Old English cæfl (“bit, muzzle”).

A part of a horse's bridle that consists of a headstall with a noseband. When a martingale is used, it is attached to the horse's head at the cavesson.


tokoeka

Apteryx australis
Apteryx australis#Translingual

(New Zealand) A kiwi, Apteryx australis.


little spotted kiwi

en-noun

little spotted kiwi (plural little spotted kiwis)

Apteryx owenii
Apteryx owenii#Translingual


Okarito brown kiwi

Okarito brown kiwi (plural Okarito brown kiwis)

A recently identified kind of kiwi, of species Apteryx rowi.


great spotted kiwi

great spotted kiwi (plural great spotted kiwis)

Apteryx haastii
Apteryx haastii#Translingual


North Island brown kiwi

North Island brown kiwi (plural North Island brown kiwis)

Apteryx mantelli
Apteryx mantelli#Translingual

A kiwi, Apteryx mantelli or Apteryx australis.


solitary tinamou

solitary tinamou (plural solitary tinamous)

Tinamus solitarius
Tinamus solitarius#Translingual


white-throated tinamou

white-throated tinamou (plural white-throated tinamous)

Tinamus guttatus
Tinamus guttatus#Translingual


black tinamou

Tinamus osgoodi
Tinamus osgoodi#Translingual


little tinamou

Crypturellus soui
Crypturellus soui#Translingual


highland tinamou

highland tinamou (plural highland tinamous)

Nothocercus bonapartei
Nothocercus bonapartei#Translingual


Tepui tinamou

Crypturellus ptaritepui
Crypturellus ptaritepui#Translingual


thicket tinamou

thicket tinamou (plural thicket tinamous)

Crypturellus cinnamomeus
Crypturellus cinnamomeus#Translingual


great tinamou

Tinamus major
Tinamus major#Translingual


brown tinamou

Crypturellus obsoletus
Crypturellus obsoletus#Translingual


Brazilian tinamou

Brazilian tinamou (plural Brazilian tinamous)

Crypturellus strigulosus
Crypturellus strigulosus#Translingual


tawny-breasted tinamou

tawny-breasted tinamou (plural tawny-breasted tinamous)

Nothocercus julius
Nothocercus julius#Translingual


cinereous tinamou

cinereous tinamou (plural cinereous tinamous)

Crypturellus cinereus
Crypturellus cinereus#Translingual


pale-browed tinamou

pale-browed tinamou (plural pale-browed tinamous)


Choco tinamou

Crypturellus kerriae
Crypturellus kerriae#Translingual


variegated tinamou

variegated tinamou (plural variegated tinamous)

Crypturellus variegatus
Crypturellus variegatus#Translingual


black-capped tinamou

black-capped tinamou (plural black-capped tinamous)

Crypturellus atrocapillus
Crypturellus atrocapillus#Translingual


grey-legged tinamou

grey-legged tinamou (plural grey-legged tinamous)

Crypturellus duidae
Crypturellus duidae#Translingual


hooded tinamou

Nothocercus nigrocapillus
Nothocercus nigrocapillus#Translingual


slaty-breasted tinamou

slaty-breasted tinamou (plural slaty-breasted tinamous)

Crypturellus boucardi
Crypturellus boucardi#Translingual


Huayco tinamou

Rhynchotus maculicollis
Rhynchotus maculicollis#Translingual


barred tinamou

Crypturellus casiquiare
Crypturellus casiquiare#Translingual


ornate tinamou

Nothoprocta ornata
Nothoprocta ornata#Translingual


Bartlett's tinamou

Bartlett's tinamou (plural Bartlett's tinamous)

Crypturellus bartletti
Crypturellus bartletti#Translingual


Berlepsch's tinamou

Berlepsch's tinamou (plural Berlepsch's tinamous)

Named to commemorate German ornithologist and collector Hans von Berlepsch.

Crypturellus berlepschi
Crypturellus berlepschi#Translingual


red-winged tinamou

red-winged tinamou (plural red-winged tinamous)

Rhynchotus rufescens
Rhynchotus rufescens#Translingual


Taczanowski's tinamou

Taczanowski's tinamou (plural Taczanowski's tinamous)

Nothoprocta taczanowskii
Nothoprocta taczanowskii#Translingual

Taczanowski's Tinamou
Władysław Taczanowski


lesser nothura

Nothura minor
Nothura minor#Translingual


spotted nothura

spotted nothura (plural spotted nothuras)

Nothura maculosa
Nothura maculosa#Translingual


small-billed tinamou

small-billed tinamou (plural small-billed tinamous)

Crypturellus parvirostris
Crypturellus parvirostris#Translingual


red-legged tinamou

red-legged tinamou (plural red-legged tinamous)

Crypturellus erythropus
Crypturellus erythropus#Translingual


Darwin's nothura

Darwin's nothura (plural Darwin's nothuras)

Named for Charles Darwin, with the genus name Nothura.

Nothura darwinii
Nothura darwinii#Translingual


brushland tinamou

brushland tinamou (plural brushland tinamous)

Nothoprocta cinerascens
Nothoprocta cinerascens#Translingual


Tataupa tinamou

Tataupa tinamou (plural Tataupa tinamous)

Crypturellus tataupa
Crypturellus tataupa#Translingual


rusty tinamou

Crypturellus brevirostris
Crypturellus brevirostris#Translingual


yellow-legged tinamou

yellow-legged tinamou (plural yellow-legged tinamous)

Crypturellus noctivagus
Crypturellus noctivagus#Translingual


white-bellied nothura

white-bellied nothura (plural white-bellied nothuras)

Nothura boraquira
Nothura boraquira#Translingual


puna tinamou

Tinamotis pentlandii
Tinamotis pentlandii#Translingual

A tinamou of species Tinamotis pentlandii.


undulated tinamou

undulated tinamou (plural undulated tinamous)

Crypturellus undulatus
Crypturellus undulatus#Translingual


Quebracho crested tinamou

Quebracho crested tinamou (plural Quebracho crested tinamous)

Eudromia formosa
Eudromia formosa#Translingual


elegant crested tinamou

elegant crested tinamou (plural elegant crested tinamous)

Eudromia elegans
Eudromia elegans#Translingual


Chaco nothura

Nothura chacoensis
Nothura chacoensis#Translingual


dwarf tinamou

Taoniscus nanus
Taoniscus nanus#Translingual

A tinamou, Taoniscus nanus, also known as the least tinamou.


Haast's eagle

Named after New Zealand explorer and geologist Julius von Haast, who described it scientifically in 1871.

Haast's eagle lived on the island undisturbed until people arrived and started eating all the moas they could find.

2012, Matt Kaplan, The Science of Monsters, Simon & Schuster (Scribner), page 26:

The moas were bigger than modern ostriches, so the fact that Haast's eagle was able to kill them (hitting them from the side and taking them down that way) is even more impressive.

2015, Janine Rogers, Eagle, Reaktion Books, page 21:

To work out how the Haast’s eagle (Hieraaetus moorei) — which lived in New Zealand and weighed up to 15 kilograms — fed, Anneke van Heteren at the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology in Germany and her colleagues created digital 3D models of specimens.

2021 December 11, Christa Lesté-Lasserre, “The bird that was eagle and vulture”, in New Scientist, number 3364, page 23:

An extinct giant eagle of New Zealand, †Hieraaetus moorei, which preyed on moas.


Andean tinamou

Nothoprocta pentlandii
Nothoprocta pentlandii#Translingual


curve-billed tinamou

curve-billed tinamou (plural curve-billed tinamous)

Nothoprocta curvirostris
Nothoprocta curvirostris#Translingual


Chilean tinamou

Chilean tinamou (plural Chilean tinamous)

Nothoprocta perdicaria
Nothoprocta perdicaria#Translingual


Patagonian tinamou

Patagonian tinamou (plural Patagonian tinamous)

Tinamotis ingoufi
Tinamotis ingoufi#Translingual


badgerer

All other persons rejoice at his being exposed: the Ministerial people, because they get rid of a sturdy badgerer ; and the Radicals, because they saw in him a deceptious friend.

1826, William Cobbett, Cobbett's Weekly Register, page 587:

Since you've bought this book and intend to make a will, I won't badger you with dire warnings about what would happen if you die without a will. (Anyway, I've never been an effective badgerer.)

2006, Denis Clifford, Quick & Legal Will Book, Nolo, →ISBN, page 6:


sharp-shinned hawk

sharp-shinned hawk (plural sharp-shinned hawks)

However, there are certain species of hawks which are to be feared; these are the Cooper's hawk and the sharp-shinned hawk, the first being very destructive to poultry and the latter killing many wild birds.

1911, Anna Botsford Comstock, Handbook of Nature Study, 24th edition, published 1939, page 105:

Accipiter striatus
Accipiter striatus#Translingual

Accipiter striatus, the smallest hawk to reside in USA and Canada, which preys on songbirds.


Shih Tzu

ja-r

シーズー (shīzū)

→ Japanese: シーズー (shīzū)

From the Wade–Giles romanisation shih¹-tzŭ⁵ of Mandarin 獅子／狮子 (shīzi, “lion”), a contraction of 獅子狗／狮子狗 (shīzigǒu, literally “lion dog”), from the breed's resemblance to Chinese guardian lion statues. The original Mandarin word now refers only to the Pekingese, while this breed now properly goes by the name 西施犬 (xīshīquǎn, literally “Xi Shi dog”).

In their native land the Pekinese dogs are known as "Shih-Tzu-Kom," which means the "Lion-Dog."

[1904, Herbert Compton, The Twentieth Century Dog: Compiled from the Contributions of over Five Hundred Experts, volume I (Non-sporting), London: G. Richards, →OCLC, page 263:

In New York, I had the great pleasure of meeting Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Morgan who showed me their dogs from Pekin. Mr. Morgan has written several articles on Lhasa Apso and Shih Tzu.

1937 January–June, The American Kennel Gazette, volume 54, part 1, New York, N.Y.: American Kennel Club, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 166:

The Shih Tzu (pronounced Sheed-zoo) has a long, dense, wavy coat that completely hides its legs. Its name means "little lion" in Chinese. Descriptions include "very active, lively and alert, with a distinctly arrogant carriage"; […] Behavior problems may include irritable snapping and touch-shyness, especially when hot. A Shih Tzu may be hard to housebreak.

1983, Daniel F. Tortora, “The Toy Dogs”, in The Right Dog for You, 1st Fireside edition, New York, N.Y.: Fireside, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 162:

A plucked and stripped terrier, a properly brushed Shih Tzu, or a Standard Poodle in a continental clip with powdered pompoms will turn heads on any sidewalk as well as in the show ring.

1998, Jane Stern, Michael Stern, “The Beauty of the Beast”, in Dog Eat Dog: A Very Human Book about Dogs and Dog Shows, 1st Fireside edition, New York, N.Y.: Fireside, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 155:

"And who is your baby?" he asked Jane. / "Stuart Little," she said. "He's a shih tzu." / "We love shih tzus," Uncle Bob said. "Let me show you all the fun things we have for Stuart."

2014 November, Elaine Viets, chapter 6, in A Dog Gone Murder: Josie Marcus, Mystery Shopper (An Obsidian Mystery), Obsidian, Penguin Group, →ISBN, page 37:

Shih Tzu tend to get along better with other Shih Tzu than other breeds. Maybe it's because they are not threatened by dogs that are around the same size or maybe each dog can sense that the other is part of the same dog family.

2014, Jon Han, “Your Chosen Breed: The Shih Tzu”, in The Complete Guide to the Shih Tzu, [United Kingdom?]: For Dogs Sake, →ISBN, page 33:

She came home from the animal shelter with a shih tzu. He still thinks she did that just to spite him, her way of getting in the last word. […] Yaz is a good dog, and Joe is man enough to be seen out in Charlestown walking a shih tzu. As long as Rosie doesn't dress the pooch in one of those friggin' sweaters.

2015, Lisa Genova, chapter 2, in Inside the O’Briens: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Gallery Books, Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 11:

A small dog breed which originated in China; a dog of that breed.

Chinese guardian lion
Shih Tzu
Shih Tzu#Etymology
Valletta Waterfront
Xi Shi


rosefinch

Any of the birds in the genus Carpodacus of the finch family.


bridoon

From French bridon, from bride (“bridle”).

A type of snaffle bit, with small rings, usually used on a double bridle in conjunction with a curb bit.


lungeing rein

A piece of cotton or nylon webbing, usually around 25mm wide by about 20 metres (or longer) in length, attached with a swivel to the bridle, lungeing cavesson, or headcollar of a horse to provide control while exercising or training it.


corn snake

A species of rat snake, Pantherophis guttatus guttatus (syn. Elaphe guttata guttata.


dwarf sperm whale

en-noun

dwarf sperm whale (plural dwarf sperm whales)

Any of the small whales of the sperm whale superfamily, in species Kogia sima.


pygmy sperm whale

pygmy sperm whale (plural pygmy sperm whales)

One of the two small whales in the sperm whale superfamily (Kogia breviceps).


cynegetic

en-adj

cynegetic (comparative more cynegetic, superlative most cynegetic)

more cynegetic (comparative)
most cynegetic (superlative)

/ˌsɪniːˈd͡ʒɛtɪk/

PIE word
 *ḱwṓ
Borrowed from Greek κυνηγετικός (kynigetikós, “of or relating to hunting”). Κυνηγετικός (Kynigetikós) is inherited from Ancient Greek κῠνηγετῐκός (kunēgetikós), from κυνηγέτης (kunēgétēs, “hunter”) + -ῐκός (-ikós, suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’ forming adjectives); and κυνηγέτης (kunēgétēs) from κύων (kúōn, “dog”) (from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”)) + ἡγέτης (hēgétēs, “leader”) (ultimately from ἡγέομαι (hēgéomai, “to lead”), possibly from ᾰ̓́γω (ágō, “to guide; to lead”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”) or *seh₂g- (“to seek out”)).

ref

From the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

bor

Hail Oppian, prime of cynegetic race, / From Maro [i.e., Virgil] dovvn to him vvho ſounds the Chace: […]

1763, James Elphinston, “Book the Third”, in Education, in Four Books, London: […] P[aul] Vaillant, […]; W[illiam] Owen, […]; and J. Richardson, […], →OCLC, page 88, lines 430–431:

Give me the hippic—the philippic taste, / All else a wilderness, and man a waste; / Give me the turf, and cynegetic sport, / The zeal, the jealousy, and zest of court; […]

1836, The Tribunal of Manners, a Satyricon, London: J[ames] Ridgway and Sons, […], →OCLC, page 58:

The Roman authors, especially the cynegetic poets, have given descriptions of the different British dogs; the Scotch terrier is accurately described by Oppian; and Irish wolf dogs were brought to Rome about the fourth century.

1836 November 9, John Scouler, “Remarks on the Natural History of the Fossil Elk”, in Journal of the Geological Society of Dublin, volume I, number [III], Dublin: […] P[hilip] Dixon Hardy [for the Geological Society of Dublin], […], published 1838, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 200:

But as there are no lions, wolves, nor wild boars in Great Britain, he [the poet James Thomson] admonishes the British youth to indulge their cynegetic propensities in the fox-chase, which he describes con amore [with love].

1838, William H[amilton] Drummond, “Man’s Right to Hunting and Fishing”, in The Rights of Animals, and Man’s Obligation to Treat Them with Humanity, London: John Mardon, […]; Smallfield and Son, and Green, […]; Dublin: Hodges and Smith, →OCLC, page 36:

"Come, Diana [a dog]," said he; "come, my girl! thou whose destiny will be marked in the cynegetic annals; […] thou who art rushing into interplanetary space, and wilt perhaps be the Eve of all Selenite dogs! come, Diana, come here."

1873, Jules Verne, “Round the Moon: A Sequel to From the Earth to the Moon. Chapter III. Their Place of Shelter.”, in Louis Mercier [i.e., Lewis Page Mercier], Eleanor E[lizabeth] King, transl., From the Earth to the Moon, Direct in Ninety-seven Hours and Twenty Minutes: And a Trip Round It. […], New York, N.Y.: Scribner, Armstrong & Company, published 1874, →OCLC, page 170:

The cynegetic life is authentic because it is close to the philosophical center of human life. It constantly contrasts two central mysteries: the nature of the animal and of death. These are brought together in hunting.

1973, Paul Shepard, “Hunting as a Way of Life”, in The Tender Carnivore and the Sacred Game, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →ISBN, page 259:

In the Sophist, Plato emphasizes the fact that hunting cannot be reduced to tracking wild animals. Among the different branches of the cynegetic art there is also an art of manhunting, which is in turn subdivided into several categories: "Let us define piracy, manstealing, tyranny, the whole military art, by one name, as hunting with violence."

2012, Grégoire Chamayou, “The Hunt for Bipedal Cattle”, in Steven Rendall, transl., Manhunts: A Philosophical History, Princeton, N.J.; Woodstock, Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 5:

(hunting, rare) Of or relating to hunting (especially with dogs).


who's a pretty boy then

A conventional phrase used when talking to parrots.


speckled carpetshark

en-noun

speckled carpetshark (plural speckled carpetsharks)

A bamboo shark, of the family Hemiscylliidae found around northern Australia; Hemiscyllium trispeculare.


reindeer games

/ˈɹeɪndɪə ˌɡeɪmz/

From the song “Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer” (1949) by the American songwriter Johnny Marks (1909–1985): “All of the other reindeer / Used to laugh and call him names. / They never let poor Rudolph / Join in any reindeer games.”

The natives are a primitive but gregarious lot. They invited me to join them in their reindeer games, which I did.

1984, Joseph Dougherty, Digby: A Play, New York, N.Y.: Dramatists Play Service, published 1986, →OCLC, page 68:

Transfer to Washington. Transfer to Jefferson. No one at Westerburg's going to let you play their reindeer games.

1989, Daniel Waters, Heathers, spoken by Heather Chandler (Kim Walker):

His unhappiness was not due solely to the ravages of adolescence, the eccentricities of his family, exclusion from his peers' reindeer games, or even by living in the embodiment of Thornton Wilder's Our Town. It was all of those things and none of them.

2002, Terry J. Kunkel, “An Older Reflection”, in Is Wanting Enough? […], Lincoln, Neb.: Writers Club Press, iUniverse, →ISBN, part I (Lighting the Race Point Luminaria on Cape Cod), page 40:

It's tough being different in a society where conformity is so very important. Not the type of different that caused you to be picked on by the big kids in grade school because you wore glasses or didn't join the reindeer games, but the type of different that caused you to listen up in class and always do your homework.

2003 October 27, Tim Dannelly, “The Top, Home of the Lonely Brave”, in Living the American Dream, [Bloomington, Ind.]: 1stbooks, →ISBN:

When socializing it's important that you never talk business unless they bring it up. If you do, you'll find out quickly that you're no longer invited to any of the really good reindeer games. Rather, be a good listener.

2006, Christopher Duncan, “Managing Your Management”, in Dominic Shakeshaft, editor, The Career Programmer: Guerilla Tactics for an Imperfect World (The Expert’s Voice), 2nd edition, Berkeley, Calif.: Apress, →ISBN, part II (Guerilla Tactics for Front-line Programmers), page 171:

Some fighter pilot traditions have taken on the air of reindeer games—they are nothing more than something one has to be a fighter pilot to understand.

2007, Jonathan C. Dowty, “Fighter Pilot Traditions”, in Christian Fighter Pilot is Not an Oxymoron, [U.S.A.?]: [Jonathan C. Dowty], →ISBN, part 1 (Fighter Pilot Foundations), page 23:

He found all the faddishness of what restaurant or club was in, much less what designer clothes one wore or food one ate, to be depressingly shallow and frantic. In his own private protest, he had long since consciously decided not to play their reindeer games.

2009 April, Robert Asprin, “Prologue”, in Dragons Luck, New York, N.Y.: Ace Books, →ISBN:

In my mind I had won. Lyndon was with me and not with Hope so whether the two of them shut me out of their reindeer games or included me, it didn't matter one iota to me.

2014, Latonya D. Young, “The Promise of Forever”, in Secrets in Love, [Morrisville, N.C.]: Lulu Publishing, →ISBN, page 86:

I know reindeer games, and this chick is playing them.

2015, John Hornor Jacobs, chapter 9, in The Conformity (The Twelve-fingered Boy Trilogy; 3), Minneapolis, Minn.: Carolrhoda Lab, Lerner Publishing Group, →ISBN, page 55:

(US, informal) Activities which exclude outsiders.

Johnny Marks
Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer


speckled trout

speckled trout (plural speckled trout or speckled trouts)

speckled trout (plural)
speckled trouts (plural)

Salvelinus fontinalis
Salvelinus fontinalis#Translingual

A North American freshwater game fish (Salvelinus fontinalis); the brook trout.


corvina

Any of various fish, including Cilus gilberti, Larimichthys polyactis, and members of the genera Cynoscion and Isopisthus.


red snapper

Any of several Atlantic foodfishes, of the genus Lutjanus, that have reddish bodies

Rhomboplites aurorubens (vermillion snapper)


suckermouth

A ventrally orientated (inferior) mouth, in some fish, adapted for grazing on algae etc.


anuran

From New Latin Anoura, Anura (“name of the order of amphibians”), or from French Anoures (“name of a family of amphibians”) (from Latin an-, from Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“un-, not”) + Ancient Greek οὐρά (ourá, “tail”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃érsos (“backside, buttocks”)) + -n, from Latin -ānus (“of or pertaining to”, adjective-forming suffix), from -nus, from Proto-Indo-European *-nós (adjective-forming suffix).

der

The fact that the higher Batrachia go on metamorphosing until several of their structures are so perfect as to require but the gentlest modification to make them fit for the Mammal, does not require one to suppose that the Toad and the Frog lie in the direct route from the Ichthyic to the Mammalian types. That such power of variation, such aptitude for transformation exists in these essential but metamorphic Fish, suggests the probability that some of the very earliest of the Amphibia, filial perhaps to forms far lower than the Lamprey, did not stop at the last metamorphic stage of an Anuran, but changed still further, and thus laid the foundation of the higher classes.

1871, William Kitchen Parker, “VIII. On the Structure and Development of the Skull of the Common Frog (Rana temporaria, L.). By William Kitchen Parker, F.R.S. Received October 10, 1870,—Read January 19, 1871.”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, volume 161, part I, London: Printed by Taylor and Francis, Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, →OCLC, page 202:

Inactivity may dominate an anuran’s life. Spea hammondii in the deserts of southwestern North America spend >90% of their life inactive; they appear explosively and breed with the first heavy summer rains, then feed for 2–3 weeks before becoming inactive for another year.

2001, George R. Zug, Laurie J. Vitt, Janalee P. Caldwell, “Thermoregulation, Performance, and Energetics”, in Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles, 2nd edition, San Diego, Calif., London: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 191, column 1:

Often the anuran gives a release call, a signal to other anurans that it is either not sexually receptive or is of the wrong sex to be amplexed. The release call may sound similar to a distress call, a vocalization emitted by an anuran in response to predation, but either call may serve to startle a clinician momentarily, by which time the anuran may escape.

2006, Kevin M. Wright, “Overview of Amphibian Medicine”, in Douglas R. Mader, editor, Reptile Medicine and Surgery, 2nd edition, St. Louis, Mo.: Saunders Elsevier, →ISBN, page 947:

(batrachology) Any amphibian of the order Anura; a frog, a toad.


Torbay sole

An Atlantic flatfish, Glyptocephalus cynoglossus; witch; formerly classified as Pleuronectes cynoglossus.


ophiology

From ophio- (“snake”) + -logy (“study of”).

(zoology) The study of snakes, a branch of herpetology.


boreal owl

Aegolius funereus
Aegolius funereus#Translingual


Tengmalm's owl

Named after Swedish naturalist Peter Gustaf Tengmalm.

A species of owl, Aegolius funereus or Nyctala tengmalmi


landlocked salmon

en-noun

landlocked salmon (plural landlocked salmon or landlocked salmons)

landlocked salmon (plural)
landlocked salmons (plural)

Populations of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar that inhabit freshwater only.


dissorophid

(biology) Any of several extinct temnospondyl amphibians, of the family †Dissorophidae, from the Pennsylvanian epochs and Permian period


lissamphibian

Any of the living amphibians of the subclass Lissamphibia, including the frog and salamander families.


temnospondyl

From translingual Temnospondyli, from Ancient Greek τέμνω (témnō, “I cut”) + σπόνδυλος (spóndulos), Ionic/Attic form of σφόνδυλος (sphóndulos, “vertebra”).

Experts disagree over whether temnospondyls were ancestral to modern amphibians (frogs, salamanders and caecilians), or whether the whole group died out without leaving descendants.

Nigerpeton is a temnospondyl, more closely related to modern amphibians than to amniotes, but far bigger than today's diminutive amphibians.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherlands, Penguin, published 2023, page 178:

(biology) Any of many extinct primitive amphibians (labyrinthodonts) of the order Temnospondyli, from the Carboniferous, Permian and Triassic periods.


amphibamid

Any of several extinct temnospondyls, of the family †Amphibamidae.


brachiosaur

Any of several massive, herbivorous sauropod dinosaurs, of the genus Brachiosaurus, from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.


salientian

(biology) Any amphibian of the clade Salientia; frogs and toads, those of order Anura and extinct relatives of other orders.


caudatan

(zoology) Any amphibian of the order Caudata; the salamanders


apekind

Humankind has been brought to its knees by a global virus, and genetically enhanced apekind has built its own utopian eco-community in the forests outside San Francisco.

2014 July 1, Steve Rose, “Dawn of the Planet of the Apes: a primate scream - first look review”, in The Guardian:


dinocephalian

Any therapsid of the suborder Dinocephalia


breeching

breeching (countable and uncountable, plural breechings)

/bɹiːt͡ʃiːŋ/

(nautical) A rope used to secure a cannon.

Beside this, he has to learn to wear a collar, a crupper, and a breeching, and to stand still whilst they are put on; then to have a cart or a chaise fixed behind him, so that he cannot walk or trot without dragging it after him: and he must go fast or slow, just as his driver wishes.

[1877], Anna Sewell, “My Breaking In”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part I, pages 16–17:

(equestrianism) A component of horse harness or tack, enabling the horse to hold back a vehicle.


Katahdin

From Abenaki Ktaden, Ktaaden (“great mountain”), from kta-, gita- (“great”) (compare Penobscot kta- (“great”)) + aden (“mountain”) (whence also monadnock). Cognate to Penobscot Ktàtən.


Texel

A domestic sheep of a heavily-muscled breed originally from the island of Texel.


alexandrine

From Middle French alexandrin. So called from its use in old French poems on Alexander the Great (Roman d'Alexandre, c. 1177).

The dominant metre in Les Fleurs du Mal is the twelve-syllable alexandrine, the defining metre of French versification, with the eight-syllable line a distant runner-up and the ten-syllable line barely visible.

2005, Rachel Killick, “Baudelaire's versification: conservative or radical?”, in Rosemary Lloyd, editor, The Cambridge Companion to Baudelaire, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 52:

(poetry) A line of poetic meter having twelve syllables, usually divided into two or three equal parts.


pitta

Any passerine belonging to the taxonomic family Pittidae.


Ashvamedha

Borrowed from Sanskrit अश्वमेध (áśva-medhá, “horse-sacrifice”), an oxytonic tatpuruṣa compound of अश्व (áśva, “horse”) and मेध (médha, “animal sacrifice”).

A peculiar verse in the Yajurvedic Ashvamedha tells us that in the sacrifices that were performed by the devas, Agni was the horse, and he conquered the earth (23/17). The idea of using the Ashvamedha horse for extending the rule to the neighbouring territories arose from this.

1996, Jayant Gadkari, Society and Religion: From Rugveda to Puranas, page 32:

(Hinduism) One of the most important Vedic sacrificial rituals related to kings, and name of the Rigvedic hymns 1.162-163 which deal with horse sacrifice.


coonskin cap

Look out kid
It's somethin' you did
God knows when
But you're doin' it again
You better duck down the alley way
Lookin' for a new frien'
The man in the coon-skin cap
In the big pen
Wants eleven dollar bills
You only got ten.

1965, Bob Dylan, Subterranean Homesick Blues:

(chiefly US) Headwear made from the pelt of a raccoon with the tail hanging in back, often associated with the iconic imagery of such American frontiersmen as Davy Crockett.


huemul

Another icon inhabiting these mountains is the huemul, or Andean deer, which shares the Chilean coat of arms with the condor.

2000, Michael Bright, Wild South America, BBC Worldwide, published 2000, page 52:

A yellowish-brown deer of the genus Hippocamelus, of South America; the two species are endangered.


Galloway

From Scottish Gaelic (eadar na) Gall-Ghàidhealaibh (literally “(among the) foreign Gaels”), a term used for Gaelic-speaking Norse settlers.

A number of places in the United States:

An unincorporated community in Lakefield Township, Saginaw County and Lafayette Township, Gratiot County, Michigan.

A township in Atlantic County, New Jersey.

An unincorporated community in the town of Franzen, Marathon County, Wisconsin.

Yellowhead County
Yellowhead County#English

A locality in Yellowhead County, Alberta, Canada.


chuckwalla

Borrowed from Spanish chacahuala, from either Shoshone tcaxxwal or Cahuilla cháxwal.

An iguana, of the genus Sauromalus, living in arid regions of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.


sanda

Hindi सांडा (sāṇḍā)

The sanda is easily caught by a horse-hair noose placed over the opening of his burrow, which is always of uniform shape, and the exact size of what would be a mid-section of the reptile. The sanda is in great repute as a resotorative and aphrodisiac, and even high caste Hindus, such as Brahmans and Rajpats, boil them down into a strong soup.

1893, North Indian Notes and Queries - Volume 3, page 99:

Bhantus catch the sanda, or broad-tailed lizard, which dwells in rat-holes in the ground and lives always in fear of the cobra, in the following manner: — The Sansi sallies forth with a wooden mallet in one hand and a tuft of tough grass in the other. On his belly he wriggles up to the sanda's hole, rustling the tuft of grass with a noise which resembles the crackling of a snake's scales. The sanda comes up tail foremost, and blocks the orifice with his pachydermatous appendage. The Sansi then delivers a crushing blow with the mallet on the earth an inch or two on the inside of the sanda, closes the passage, cuts off retreat, extracts the lizard and stuffs it into his shirt.

1913, Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, page 122:

A favourite prey species is the sanda or spiny-tailed lizard.

1997, Valmik Thapar, Land of the Tiger: A Natural History of the Indian Subcontinent, →ISBN:

A desert reptile, Saara hardwickii, a type of spiny-tailed lizard.


bruh

Vietnamese: bủh (eye dialect)

PIE word
 *bʰréh₂tēr
A shortening of brother from African-American Vernacular English

Person 1: I poured canola oil into my car engine!

Person 2: Bruh.

Person 1: I think the word partisan derives from how they parted their hair.

Person 2: Bruh.

(slang) Expressing a feeling that something is an exceptionally stupid or inappropriate thing to think or to do.


marla

From Irish marla, from Middle English marle. Doublet of marl.

Miss Carney handed us out blank paper and marla,
old plasticine with the colours
all rolled together into brown.

1996, Thomas Kinsella, Model School, Inchicore: Collected Poems, 1956-1994, page 229:

As she sits and plays with Damien, she feels her legs start to tremble from the effort. Her knees seem to disappear.
Plasticine legs, she says to Damien. Old marla legs.

1997, Catherine Dunne, In the Beginning, page 107:


lemon sole

Probably from French sole limande. See Wikipedia article for more theories.

A European flatfish of the species Microstomus kitt (not a true sole).


quickhatch

From East Cree *ᑸᐦᑾᐦᐋᒉᐤ (*kwiihkwahaacew) (modern Cree ᑮᐦᑿᐦᐋᐦᑫᐤ (kiihkwahaahkew, “wolverine”); compare Ojibwe gwiingwa'aage); assimilated to quick + hatch, omitting the middle syllable present in older forms.


pike-perch

en-noun

pike-perch (plural pike-perch or pike-perches)

pike-perch (plural)
pike-perches (plural)

Any of the five species of fish in the genus Sander of the family Percidae (perches and darters).


percoid

(obsolete) Any fish of the genus Perca, or allied genera of the family Percidae (originally named "Percoides" before family-name endings were standardized).


common carp

common carp (plural common carps or common carp)

common carps (plural)
common carp (plural)

Cyprinus carpio
Cyprinus carpio#Translingual

A fish in the carp family, of species Cyprinus carpio.


European perch

European perch (plural European perches or European perch)

European perches (plural)
European perch (plural)

Perca fluviatilis
Perca fluviatilis#Translingual

A freshwater fish of species Perca fluviatilis in the family Percidae, native to northern Eurasia.


eulachon

Borrowed from Chinook Jargon ulakan, from Clatsop Chinook.

The Tsimshian Indians of British Columbia observe certain ceremonies when the first olachen fish of the season are caught.

1911, James George Frazer, The Golden Bough, volume 8, page 254:


capelin

Borrowed from Middle French capelan, from Provençal and Old Occitan capelan, from Late Latin cappellānus (“chaplain”). Doublet of chaplain.

The birds are spread - so that we can see what they are like; and the men catching capelins are elevated up out of the umiak, where they practically float on the gunwale, so that we can perceive that they are the main figures and see their work-movements (fig. 250).

1983, Bodil Kaalund, translated by Kenneth Tindall, The Art of Greenland: Sculpture, Crafts, Painting, page 161:

Capelin are widely distributed in the Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea, and Sea Okhotsk, and along the Kamchatka Peninsula.

1996, (US) National Academy of Sciences, The Bering Sea Ecosystem, page 107:

Capelin is a relatively small, pelagic species found in the North-East Atlantic, the Barents Sea, Southwest of Greenland, off the coast of Labrador, and around Newfoundland.

2009, Áslaug Ásgeirsdóttir, Who Gets What?, page 20:

Mallotus villosus, a type of smelt found in the Atlantic and Arctic oceans.


river lamprey

European river lamprey
European river lamprey

European river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis).


brook lamprey

A small European lamprey, Lampetra planeri.


sea lamprey

Petromyzon marinus
Petromyzon marinus#Translingual

A parasitic lamprey found in Europe and North America, Petromyzon marinus.


European river lamprey

European river lamprey (plural European river lampreys)

Any lamprey of species Lampetra fluviatilis, of Europe.


Muscovy duck

From Muscovy Company, a trading company + duck.

Other species not protected include "exotic and feral species such as mute swans, graylag geese, muscovy ducks, European starlings, house (English) sparrows, and rock doves (pigeons)."

2001 August 31, Cecil Adams, “The Straight Dope”, in Chicago Reader:

Over the water swept the great harpy eagle--also a fisher like his white-headed cousin of the North; and now and then flocks of muscovy ducks made the air resound with their strong broad wings.

1847, Mayne Reid, Popular Adventure Tales:

Cairina moschata
Cairina moschata#Translingual

A large duck (Cairina moschata) which is native to Mexico, Central and South America.


cock-of-the-rock

Any tropical bird of the genus Rupicola.


bluette

From French bluette (literally “little spark”).

bor

The Fürst Theater, the only theatre now open in Vienna, announced last week for production a bluette entitled, Der Schah von Persien in Wien (The Shah in Vienna).

1878, The Theater: A Monthly Review and Magazine, volume 1, page 60:

(dated) A short but scintillating play or other work.


leopard seal

Hydrurga leptonyx
Hydrurga leptonyx#Translingual

A large pinniped mammal (Hydrurga leptonyx) found in the Antarctic.


twig snake

a venomous snake from the genus Thelotornis.


ruffe

From ruff, referring to the dorsal spines.

Gymnocephalus cernua
Gymnocephalus cernua#Translingual

Gymnocephalus cernua, a small Eurasian freshwater fish.


Radnor

From Radnorshire, former county in Wales. Originally from Old English rēad + ōra (“red bank”).

Radnorshire, a former county of Wales, also known as the County of Radnor.


carp bream

Abramis brama
Abramis brama#Translingual

A species of freshwater bream, Abramis brama.


fourhorn sculpin

en-noun

fourhorn sculpin (plural fourhorn sculpins)

A species of fish of the Cottidae family, Myoxocephalus quadricornis, found in Canada, Finland, Greenland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States.


shorthorn sculpin

shorthorn sculpin (plural shorthorn sculpins)

Myoxocephalus scorpius
Myoxocephalus scorpius#Translingual

A species of fish in the Cottidae family: Myoxocephalus scorpius.


ramier

Any of several Caribbean pigeons, but especially Columba squamosa


ramidus

From New Latin ramidus, from Afar ramid (“root”).

The first ramidus fossil found was an upper molar tooth, unearthed in 1992.

1995, Biology Digest - Volume 21, page 83:

Ramidi were in many ways a mix of humans and chimps. Their smallish brains were barely larger than those of a modern chimp. But they held their heads on the top of the vertebral column instead of in front of it; ie, they walked upright. It is likely that ramidus was the ancestor of all subsequent hominid species, including our own.

2006, Henry Kong, A History of the Universe: Volume I: Complexity, page 117:

It is the birthplace of human beings' ancestor Lucy, who lived 3.2 million years ago; an older ancestor, Ardi, who lived 4.4 million years ago; and the even older ramidus who lived 5.8 million years before humans' known written history.

2011, Paulos Milkias, Ethiopia, page xvii:

Ramidus was either an early intermediate hominid or a dead end that faded out without diverging into more species.

2013, Martin Malloy, Evolution in a Nutshell, page 137:

Ardipithecus ramidus
Ardipithecus ramidus#Translingual

(informal) Ellipsis of Ardipithecus ramidus. (an early hominid from the Pliocene)


alpine bullhead

alpine bullhead (plural alpine bullheads)

A species of fish in the Cottidae family, Cottus poecilopus.


long-spined bullhead

long-spined bullhead (plural long-spined bullheads)

A species of the Cottidae family, Taurulus bubalis.


European bullhead

European bullhead (plural European bullheads)

A European species in the Cottidae family, Cottus gobio.


viviparous eelpout

viviparous eelpout (plural viviparous eelpouts)

Zoarces viviparus
Zoarces viviparus#Translingual

(US) A fish in the family Zoarcidae (Zoarces viviparus).


viviparous blenny

viviparous blenny (plural viviparous blennies)

(British) A fish in the family Zoarcidae, Zoarces viviparus.


edentate

Any mammal that has few or no teeth, but especially the anteaters, armadillos, and sloths of the former order Edentata.


alligatorid

This species is large compared with known Eocene alligatorids, although its character states present a mosaic of resemblances to earlier and later alligatorids.

1956, Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, volume 31, page 554:

Although most alligatorids have ventral osteoderms, the American alligator usually has only poorly developed single osteoderms in the pectoral and midventral regions, if at all (Fig. 6C and D).

1989, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Crocodiles: Their Ecology, Management, and Conservation, page 24:

The oldest alligatorid, Navajosuchus mooki, is from the lowermost Paleocene (66-62 Ma).

2009, S. Blair Hedges, Sudhir Kumar, The timetree of life, →ISBN, page 403:

(zoology) Any reptile of the family Alligatoridae; a caiman or alligator.


cusk

Early 17th century; of unknown origin. Probably an alteration of torsk or tusk, a codlike fish, from Norwegian tosk, torsk; Old Norse thorskr, codfish.

He suggested cusk, because he knew they would have it. She had never heard of cusk. “Doesn't it sound exotic!” she said. “Exotic indeed!” he laughed, and almost told her what a humdrum fish it really was, but stopped himself.

1999, Lucy Honig, The Truly Needy And Other Stories, University of Pittsburgh Press, →ISBN, page 89:

A marine cod-like fish in the ling family Lotidae, Brosme brosme.


cynegetics

PIE word
 *ḱwṓ
From cynegetic + -s (suffix forming pluralia tantum).

affix

(hunting, obsolete) Hunting (especially with dogs).


whap

Numenius arquata
Numenius arquata#Translingual

(Scotland, obsolete) The curlew, Numenius arquata; a whaup.


bubale

From Latin būbalus, from Ancient Greek βούβαλος (boúbalos). Doublet of buffalo and buffle.

Any of several African buffalos of the genus Bubalus.


koulan

Equus hemionus
Equus hemionus#Translingual

A subspecies of onager (Equus hemionus), Equus hemionus kulan.


koloa

The Hawaiian duck or koloa (Anas wyvilliana) has never been reduced to anything like the pitiful remnant that once represented its relatives on Laysan.

2000, Errol Fuller, Extinct Birds, Oxford, page 83:

Anas wyvilliana
Anas wyvilliana#Translingual


dinotherium

en-noun

dinotherium (plural dinotheriums or dinotheria)

dinotheriums (plural)
dinotheria (plural)

From translingual Dinotherium, from dino- + -therium.

An extinct animal of large size, with elephant-like tusks curved down from its lower jaw.


bloater

From bloat + -er, because they swell during preparation.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bloater.wav

(Canada, US) A freshwater fish native to the Great Lakes (Coregonus hoyi).


deinothere

Wikispecies
From scientific Latin Deinotherium, Dinotherium (genus names), from Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós, “fearful, terrible”) + θηρίον (thēríon, “wild beast”).

der

Over the Miocene the European deinotheres became enormous, some reaching weights of 15 tonnes—making them among the largest land mammals ever to have existed.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: The First 100 Million Years, Penguin, published 2019, page 105:

(paleontology) Any of the genus †Deinotherium of large, extinct proboscidean mammals, a relative of modern elephants.


stegodont

From the genus name †Stegodon, referring to the shape of the molars: from Ancient Greek στέγη (stégē)/στέγος (stégos, “roof”) and ὀδούς (odoús, “tooth”). Doublet of stegodon.

An extinct relative of the modern elephants; a member of the taxonomic genus †Stegodon.


bighead

en-noun

bighead (countable and uncountable, plural bigheads)

bighead goby

Drombus globiceps and Ponticola kessleri

bighead grenadier

Coryphaenoides capito and Coryphaenoides rudis

(countable, colloquial) Any of several species of fish having a large head.


tarbagan

Borrowed from Russian тарбаган (tarbagan), from Southern Altai (Teleut) тарбаган (tarbagan), ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *tarbagan.

One can only guess which rodent was most readily to be found near Lake Issyk-Koul in 1338 but the experience of later epidemics points to the tarbagan or Manchurian marmot, a beguiling squirrel-like creature much hunted for its skin.

1969, Philip Ziegler, The Black Death, Folio Society, published 2007, page 13:

Any of species Marmota sibirica of marmots that live on the steppes of Central Asia.


gharial

/ˈɡɛə.ɹi.əl/

From Hindi घड़ियाल (ghaṛiyāl). Doublet of gavial.

Placed in a family by itself, the Gavialidae, the gharial has long been separated from the rest of the crocodilian stock, with the possible exception of Tomistoma (Densmore 1983).

1992, John B. Thorbjarnarson, Harry Messel, F. Wayne King, James Perran Ross, editors, Crocodiles: An Action Plan for Their Conservation, page 112:

We crossed the Rapti at Bijlipur, three miles from Balrampur, over a pontoon bridge, from where we would often see marsh crocodile and gharial lying on the sandbanks with their mouths open, absorbing the solar heat.

1993, Arjan Singh, The Legend of the Maneater, page 8:

1996, M. V. Subba Rao, Nesting Behaviour of the Indian Crocodiles, Gavialis gangeticus, Crocodylus plaustris and Crocodylus porosus (Reptilia: Crocodylidae), Geethabali R. Ramamurthi, Readings in Behaviour, page 213,
Gharials, Gavialis gangeticus are the inhabitants of deep, fast flowing rivers.

The gharial breathes air into its lungs, like caimans, alligators, and crocodiles. It can hold its breath and stay underwater for a long time—more than half an hour. Gharials can also hunt underwater. They even eat their food there.

2010, Steve Parker, Crocodiles, page 18:

One of the goals of our river expedition was to locate gharial. Gharial help crocodilians lay claim to being the ugliest reptiles, and perhaps the most ancient.

2013, Eric Dinerstein, Discovering Big Cat Country: On the trail of tigers and snow leopards, unnumbered page:


northern lapwing

northern lapwing (plural northern lapwings)

Vanellus vanellus
Vanellus vanellus#Translingual


golden plover

One bright clear June morning, I watch golden plovers strutting along the southern end of Koltur, picking tiny flies off the seaweed left behind by the tide on the basalt shelf at this lowest end of the island.

2020, Tim Ecott, The Land of Maybe, Short Books, published 2021, page 144:

A migratory plover of the genus Pluvialis, having black underparts and a golden back in the breeding season, now regarded as the three species P. apricaria of Europe, P. fulva of the Pacific coasts, and P. dominica of North America.


lemon shark

Negaprion brevirostris
Negaprion brevirostris#Translingual

A shark of species Negaprion brevirostris, growing up to 10 feet long and found along the Atlantic coast of North and South America.


zebra shark

A species of carpet shark, Stegostoma fasciatum, family Stegostomatidae, covered in black and white stripes.


suid

From the genus name Sus, from Latin sūs (“pig”), + -id.

(zoology) Any of the family Suidae of pigs and related creatures.


suid

en-adj

suid (comparative more suid, superlative most suid)

more suid (comparative)
most suid (superlative)

Owing to the kindness of Mr. M. A. Hinton, I have been able to examine at leisure the large collection of recent Suid skulls in the British Museum.

1928, H. S. Pearson, “Chinese Fossil Suidæ”, in Palæontologica Sinica, series C (Fossil Vertebrates of China), volume 5, footnote 3, page 62:

Table 18.1 shows the results obtained by the Haemagglutination-Inhibition Test on ten suid feeds with the anti-warthog system and the converse anti-bushpig system.

1970, B[ernard] G. F. Weitz, “Methods for Identifying the Blood Meals of Glossina”, in H[ugh] W[addell] Mulligan, editor, The African Trypanosomiases, London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd, →ISBN, page 419:

In a study by Harris and Cerling (2002), isotopic analysis of the enamel of extant and Neogene suids shows that major components of C₄ vegetation (i.e., warm-growing season grasses) were present in extinct suid species from the Turkana Basin deposits of northern Kenya as early as about 7Ma.

2007, A[nna] K[atherine] Behrensmeyer, R[ené] Bobe, Z[eresenay] Alemseged, “Approaches to the analysis of faunal change during the East African Pliocene”, in René Bobe, Zeresenay Alemseged, Anna K. Behrensmeyer, editors, Hominin Environments in the East African Pliocene: An Assessment of the Faunal Evidence, Dordrecht: Springer, →ISBN, page 17, column 1:

Of or relating to the family Suidae of pigs and related creatures.


diamondback rattlesnake

en-noun

diamondback rattlesnake (plural diamondback rattlesnakes)

Crotalus atrox
Crotalus atrox#Translingual

Either of two venomous rattlesnakes, of the genus Crotalus, from southern United States and Mexico, that have diamond-shaped markings on their backs: Crotalus adamanteus and Crotalus atrox.


pine woods snake

pine woods snake (plural pine woods snakes)

A slender brown snake, Rhadinaea flavilata, from southeastern from United States


Big Bend patchnose snake

Big Bend patchnose snake (plural Big Bend patchnose snakes)

A snake, Salvadora deserticola, from the Big Bend area of Texas


patchnose snake

patchnose snake (plural patchnose snakes)

Any snake in the genus Salvadora, characterized by having a distinctive scale on the tip of their snout.


Texas blind snake

Texas blind snake (plural Texas blind snakes)

A blind snake, Leptotyphlops dulcis, from southwestern North America


colubrid

Any snake in the family Colubridae, completely covered in scales and mostly nonvenomous.


boobook

Any of various owls of Asia and Australasia of the genus Ninox.


laika

From Russian ла́йка (lájka, “laika”, literally “barker”).

bor

Q—The Russians picked a laika to occupy the space capsule. Do you think a dachshund would have been a wiser choice?

1957, The New Yorker, volume 33, page 54:

Indeed, they have been hybridising for a very long time, as is evidenced by the laika, a wolf-like dog that even today accompanies various Siberian peoples.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 287:


toadlike

en-adj

toadlike (comparative more toadlike, superlative most toadlike)

more toadlike (comparative)
most toadlike (superlative)


midshipman fish

en-noun

midshipman fish (plural midshipman fish or midshipman fishes)

midshipman fish (plural)
midshipman fishes (plural)

From midshipman + fish, after their prey-attracting photophores, which are said to resemble the buttons of a naval uniform.

Any species of the genus Porichthys of batrachoid toadfishes, typically nocturnal, distinguished by photophores and four lateral lines, and noted for a hum produced by males during the breeding season.


toadfish

toadfish (plural toadfish or toadfishes)

From toad + fish, in reference to their toadlike appearance.

Any of the ray-finned fishes of family Batrachoididae of benthic ambush predators.


crocodilian

From crocodile + -ian; compare translingual Crocodilia.

1989, Walter P. Coombs, Jr., Modern analogs for dinosaur nesting and parental behavior, James Orville Farlow (editor), Paleobiology of the Dinosaurs, Issue 238, page 47,
Mound-nesting crocodilians and megapodes appear to be indifferent to nest-site parameters, but susceptibility of crocodilian mound nests to predation or drowning may be altered by site selection.

Superb predators, the crocodilians are reptiles, and the only survivors of the archosaurs that included dinosaurs.

2001, F. Lynne Bachleda, Dangerous Wildlife in the Southeast, page 33:

Crocodilians are essentially lizard-like in basic shape and are adapted to a largely aquatic life. ln water, they hunt and eat their prey and advertise their size and location by bellowing.

2001, Patricia Pope Bartlett, Billy Griswold, Richard D. Bartlett, Reptiles, Amphibians, and Invertebrates: An Identification and Care Guide, page 191:

Any reptile of the order Crocodilia; a crocodile, alligator, caiman or gavial.


Winnipeg goldeye

Winnipeg goldeye (plural Winnipeg goldeye or Winnipeg goldeyes)

Winnipeg goldeye (plural)
Winnipeg goldeyes (plural)

Originally named after Lake Winnipeg, but now associated with the city.


goldeye

From gold + eye, from the fish's characteristic iris.

A North American freshwater fish of the mooneye family, Hiodon alosoides, usually eaten smoked.


viscacha

/vɪˈskɑt͡ʃə/

Borrowed from Spanish vizcacha, from Quechua wisk'acha.

From the tenderness of its covering, it is not, though a stronger and larger animal, so able to bear the severity of winter in the Andes as the Chinchilla, though it is not so decidedly an animal of the plains as the viscacha of Paraguay.

1836, Charles Frederick Partington, “Chinchillidae”, in The British Cyclopæedia of Natural History, page 27:

The guanaco, the viscacha, and the hare of the Pampas, are found in Patagonia.

1837, Conrad Malte-Brun, Jean-Jacques-Nicolas Huot, A System of Universal Geography, page 316:

A guard viscacha watches for predators. This guard sounds an alarm if it spots danger. Then the quick-moving viscachas scramble into their dens in the rocks or burrow into the ground.

2003, Elaine Egbert, Nature in a Nutshell: Daily Devotions for Juniors, page 236:

The Andean cat's prey is small mammals such as the mountain viscacha, which look very much like a common North American cottontail rabbit. Mountain viscachas eat coarse spikegrass that is found near small mountain streams.

2013, James G. Sanderson, Patrick Watson, Small Wild Cats: The Animal Answer Guide, unnumbered page:

Any of the several South American rodents, native to the Andes, of the genera Lagidium and Lagostomus, within family Chinchillidae.

viskatsa

rodents of the genera Lagidium and Lagostomus, within family Chinchillidae

mountain viscacha

Lagidium viscacia or Lagidium ahuacaense


swamp wallaby

A wallaby (Wallabia bicolor), known for its strong odor.


agile wallaby

A wallaby, Macropus agilis, of northern Australia.


pretty-faced wallaby

pretty-faced wallaby (plural pretty-faced wallabies)

A wallaby of species Macropus parryi. endemic to Queensland and northern New South Wales.


Barbary ape

Macaca sylvanus
Macaca sylvanus#Translingual

A tailless monkey, Macaca sylvanus, found on Gibraltar and in parts of north Africa


polyneme

Any of several tropical foodfish, of family Polynemidae, that have long filaments below the pectoral fin; the threadfins


polynemid

Any fish in the family Polynemidae: a polyneme or threadfin


abyssal fish

Any fish that lives below a depth of 2000 meters.


hedge sparrow

Prunella modularis
Prunella modularis#Translingual

Former name for the bird Prunella modularis, the dunnock.


cunner

A marine European fish (Symphodus melops).


Patagonian weasel

Patagonian weasel (plural Patagonian weasels)


Stoliczka's mountain vole

Stoliczka's mountain vole (plural Stoliczka's mountain voles)

A species of rodent, Alticola stoliczkanus, found in the Himalayan region.


Temminck's tragopan

Temminck's tragopan (plural Temminck's tragopans)

Named after Dutch naturalist Coenraad Jacob Temminck.

Tragopan temminckii
Tragopan temminckii#Translingual

A species of pheasant, Tragopan temminckii.


Himalayan striped squirrel

Himalayan striped squirrel (plural Himalayan striped squirrels)

Tamiops mcclellandii
Tamiops mcclellandii#Translingual

An Asiatic striped squirrel, Tamiops mcclellandii.


Himalayan marmot

Himalayan marmot (plural Himalayan marmots)

Marmota himalayana
Marmota himalayana#Translingual

A marmot living on the Himalayan mountains, Marmota himalayana, closely related to the groundhog.


Himalayan field rat

Himalayan field rat (plural Himalayan field rats)

A rat that lives in the Himalayas and southeast Asia; taxonomic name Rattus nitidus.


Himalayan shrew

Himalayan shrew (plural Himalayan shrews)

An Asian species of shrew, Soriculus nigrescens.


mustelid

1998, Vivian Banci, Chapter 5: Wolverine, Thomas E. Kucera, American Marten, Fisher, Lynx, and Wolverine: Survey Methods for Their Detection, Diane Publishing, page 99,
Relative to smaller mustelids, the wolverine has a robust appearance, rather like a small bear.

Mustelid diversity is well reflected in the Neogene fossil record, in spite of the fact that mustelids are among the rarest of fossil carnivores.

1998, Jon A. Baskin, “9: Mustelidae”, in Christine M. Janis, Kathleen M. Scott, Louis L. Jacobs, Gregg F. Gunnell, Mark D. Uhen, editors, Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, page 169:

The mustelid head has a low, flat skull and short face with small ears and eyes.

2004, Fred Cooke, The Encyclopedia of Animals: A Complete Visual Guide, University of California Press, page 134:

Any carnivorous mammal of the diverse weasel family Mustelidae, which also includes badgers, otters, martens, mink and wolverines.


tragopan

From Latin tragopān (“bird found in Ethiopia”), from Ancient Greek τράγος (trágos, “he-goat”) + Πάν (Pán, “Pan”).

uder

Any of several species of Asian pheasant of the genus Tragopan.


Himalayan griffon vulture

en-noun

Himalayan griffon vulture (plural Himalayan griffon vultures)

Gyps himalayensis
Gyps himalayensis#Translingual

An Old World vulture, Gyps himalayensis.


myctophid

From translingual Myctophidae, from Ancient Greek μυκτήρ (muktḗr, “nose”) + ὄφις (óphis, “serpent”).

The astronesthes, or 'eater of the stars,' so called because it feeds entirely upon other 'star-lit' fish called myctophids, is not only endowed with a number of small, luminous organs upon its body, but its fins, and the greater part of its chin-barbels, also emit a bright light.

1933, Walter Sydney Berridge, All about Fish and Other Denizens of the Seas & Rivers, page 67:

You're a lucky guy to be eating anything right now. Instead you might easily be feeding the tunny fish and tarpon, to say nothing of the astronesthes and myctophids--

2021, Edward Stratemeyer, Don Sturdy on the Ocean Bottom:

Any of the small deep-sea fish of the large family Myctophidae, known for their conspicuous use of bioluminescence.


Andean cat

The Andean cat (Leopardus jacobitus) is rarely found below 3000 m (9840 ft) and, in Peru at least, is known to range up to at least 5100 m (16,728 ft).

2008, Mark Carwardine, Animal Records, page 44:

Other precious wild highland species include foxes and tarukas (Andean deer), the mysterious Andean cat and the titi monkey.

2010, Anja Mutic, Kate Armstrong, Paul Smith, Bolivia, Lonely Planet, page 50:

For example, the native woodlands demolished for cash crops such as GMO soybeans in Argentina have a major impact on the habitats of animals such as pumas, jaguars, Andean cats and tapirs, which cannot live outside this particular ecosystem (Robin 2010: 271).

2013, Rob White, “15: Eco-global criminology and the political economy of environmental harm”, in Nigel South, Avi Brisman, editors, Routledge International Handbook of Green Criminology, page 253:

Leopardus jacobitus
Leopardus jacobitus#Translingual

A species of cat, Leopardus jacobitus, that lives in the Andes.


toller

Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever#English

Short for Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever.


megapode

From mega- + -pode, after scientific Latin Megapodius (genus name).

In precocial species, such as megapodes, the young hatch with their eyes open and are ready to leave the nest within a short period of time.

2017 June 28, Hanneke Meijer, The Guardian:

Any of several chicken- or turkey-like birds in the family Megapodiidae, which incubate their eggs by burying them where they receive warmth from decaying vegetation, solar radiation or geothermal heat.


ankle-biter

(slang) A small dog, especially a poorly-behaved one.


Arctic skua

There are fast soaring streamlined Arctic skuas with pointed double tail feathers extending behind them like the flights on a dart.

2020, Tim Ecott, The Land of Maybe, Short Books, published 2021, page 90:

Stercorarius parasiticus
Stercorarius parasiticus#Translingual

A seabird (Stercorarius parasiticus), of the skua family (Stercorariidae)


cairn terrier

A terrier of one of the oldest breeds, originating in the Scottish Highlands.


aquatic warbler

aquatic warbler (plural aquatic warblers)

Acrocephalus paludicola
Acrocephalus paludicola#Translingual

A small passerine bird, Acrocephalus paludicola, of the warbler family (Sylviidae)


tree shrew

A small mammal native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia, resembling the shrew, in order Scandentia.