pollock

en-verb

pollock (third-person singular simple present pollocks, present participle pollocking, simple past and past participle pollocked)

pollocks (present singular third-person)
pollocking (participle present)
pollocked (participle past)
pollocked (past)


great white shark

en-noun

great white shark (plural great white sharks)

Carcharodon carcharias
Carcharodon carcharias#Translingual

A large shark, Carcharodon carcharias, of coastal surface waters in all major oceans that feeds on fish and marine mammals.

頬白鮫

ホオジロザメ, hōjiro zame, ホホジロザメ, hohojiro zame


basking shark

Like the whale shark, the basking shark is a huge, slow-moving plankton feeder. Also like the whale shark, the basking shark is the sole member of a family created especially to accommodate it.

1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 89:

A very large shark, Cetorhinus maximus, that feeds at or close to the surface by filtering plankton from the water and is found in all the world's temperate oceans.


whale shark

The largest fish in the world is a shark. It is a harmless plankton eater, and its name, whale shark has been confusing people for years.

1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 42:

Rhincodon typus
Rhincodon typus#Translingual

A very large spotted shark, Rhincodon typus, of warm marine waters, similar to a whale, that feeds by filtering plankton from the water.


plaice

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-plaice.wav

Inherited from Middle English playce, plays, from Old French plaiz, from Late Latin platessa, from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús, “broad”). See platy-, plat and flat.

Pleuronectes platessa
Pleuronectes platessa#Translingual

Several similar marine flatfish of the righteye flounder family Pleuronectidae:

Pleuronectes platessa (European plaice), commonly found in the North Sea and Irish Sea, with smooth brown skin and red or orange spots.

Hippoglossoides platessoides (American plaice), of the North American Atlantic.

Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus (Alaska plaice), of the eastern North Pacific.

Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi (scale-eye plaice), of the western North Pacific.


sapiens

From translingual Homo sapiens, from Latin sapiēns, present active participle of sapiō (“discern, be capable of discerning”).

The earliest sapiens were gatherers, scavengers, and hunters of food.

2000, William H. Libaw, How we got to be human: subjective minds with objective bodies, page 277:

Even if we assume that the rate of change was slow and the evolving population large, we must still assume that sapiens was rather isolated.

2005, Sherwood L. Washburn, Classification and Human Evolution, page 335:


barracuda

barracuda (plural barracuda or barracudas)

/ˌbæɹəˈkuːdə/

First attested in the 1670s, from Latin American Spanish barracuda, perhaps from a Cariban word.

Any large marine fish of the genus Sphyraena that have elongated bodies, a projecting lower jaw, displaying prominent fang-shaped teeth, and are aggressive predators.


monkfish

monkfish (countable and uncountable, plural monkfish or monkfishes)

Lophius piscatorius
Lophius piscatorius#Translingual

Any large bottom-dwelling anglerfish of the genus Lophius, such as Lophius piscatorius, of the Atlantic, having a large head and mouth.

[The] monkfish is preceded by the “monstre Leonin” and followed by the “monstre marinen habit d'Evesque” (de Monstro Leonino and de pisce Episcopi habitu respectively). The creature represented in these works is a hybrid: his round and tonsured ...

2017, Itineraries in French Renaissance Literature: Essays (Jeff Persels, Kendall Tarte, George Hoffmann), page 382


zander

Borrowed from German Zander, from a Slavic language, perhaps via Middle Low German sandāt. Pfeifer states that the first German attestation is East Central German czandas (in the Marienburger Treßlerbuch) circa 1400, which he derives from Pomeranian *sądač (compare Slovincian sãdzoc), from Proto-Slavic *sǫdakъ. Low Prussian forms include Zand, and other Slavic languages (e.g. Kashubian) have been considered as possible sources. Doublet of sandre.

Any fish of the genus Sander that live in freshwater.


goby

From Latin gobius (“gudgeon”), from Ancient Greek κωβιός (kōbiós), a type of small fish, of unknown ultimate origin. See also gudgeon.

dwarf goby

Eviota, Knipowitschia, Pandaka, Trimma, Trimmatom spp.

Any of various small fish from the large family Gobiidae, in which the pelvic fins are fused to form a disc-shaped sucker.


frosk

From Middle English frosk, from Old English frosc, frox (“frog”) and Old Norse froskr (“frog”); both from Proto-Germanic *fruskaz, *fruþskaz (“frog”), from Proto-Indo-European *prew- (“to jump, hop”). Doublet of frosh.


turbot

From Middle English turbot, turbut, from Anglo-Norman turbut, Old French turbot, torbot, from Old Swedish tornbut, from törn (“thorn”) + but (“butt, flatfish”).

Eldridge closed the despatch-case with a snap and, rising briskly, walked down the corridor to his solitary table in the dining-car. Mulligatawny soup, poached turbot, roast leg of lamb—the usual railway dinner.

1931, Francis Beeding, “1/1”, in Death Walks in Eastrepps:

Any of various other flatfishes of family Scophthalmidae that are found in marine or brackish waters.

romb

any of various flatfishes of family Scophthalmidae


Judas goat

Referring to the traitor Judas Iscariot in the Bible.


olifant

From Middle English olifaunt, from Old French oliphaunt, from Latin elephantus. See elephant.

And he sang them the staves of the Olifant, the magic horn,—how Roland would not sound it in his pride, and sounded it at Turpin’s bidding, but too late[.]

1866, Charles Kingsley, chapter 35, in Hereward the Wake, London: Nelson, page 479:

(historical) An ancient hunting horn, made of ivory.


eggcup

From egg + cup. Compare Swedish äggkopp.

A small dish used to support a boiled egg while it is eaten.

dalc'her-vioù

a small dish used to support a boiled egg while it is eaten


tiger shark

Galeocerdo cuvier
Galeocerdo cuvier#Translingual

A large shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, of wide warm-water distribution, that hunts alone and has dark stripes across its back.


angelfish

en-noun

angelfish (plural angelfish or angelfishes)

A marine fish of the family Pomacanthidae, common on shallow tropical reefs.


moray eel

Any of various brightly colored marine eels of the family Muraenidae, of warm coastal waters.


schooling

schooling (countable and uncountable, plural schoolings)

(dressage) The training of a horse at dressage.


sticks

It was a maiden race over the "sticks," and the trainer's instructions were to slip off and make the running throughout.

1902, Outing: Sport, Adventure, Travel, Fiction, volume 40, page 469:

Do they prefer flat or 'over the sticks' (jump races)? Does the group know what the races with jumps are called?

2009, Anni Bowden, Nancy Lewthwaite, The Activity Year Book, page 124:

(horse racing) Hurdles or other obstacles to be jumped over.


conger eel

Any of various large marine eels of the family Congridae, having no scales and found in temperate and tropical coastal waters.


nurse shark

Any of various bottom-dwelling sharks of the family Ginglymostomatidae that have two fleshy barbels hanging from the lower jaw.

requin nourrice

any shark of the family Ginglymostomatidae


sprat

From Middle English sprotte, from Old English sprot. Older source is unknown. Cognate with German Sprotte, Dutch sprot. Compare sprout.

Any of various small, herring-like, marine fish in the genus Sprattus, in the family Clupeidae.

papalinë

any of various small marine fish in the genus Sprattus

Any of various similar fish of other genera.

The price of a case (five shillings piece bad) from the smasher is about one shilling; an alderman (two and sixpence) about sixpence; a peg (shilling) about threepence; a downer or sprat (sixpence) about twopence.

1859, Snowden's magistrates assistant, page 90:


sprat

en-verb

sprat (third-person singular simple present sprats, present participle spratting, simple past and past participle spratted)

sprats (present singular third-person)
spratting (participle present)
spratted (participle past)
spratted (past)

[…] spratting the land. This treatment is supplemented by about half a ton of artificial manure, largely made up of a mixture of superphosphate and some nitrogenous manure.

1923, The Agricultural Gazette and Modern Farming, volume 98, page 190:

(transitive, historical) To manure (land) with sprats (the fish).


bez

The second tine of an antler's beam, the bezantler.


bullfrog

The bull-frogs were also very large, and with voices proportionate to their size[.]

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

Any of various frogs having a croak that resembles the bellow of a cow or bull.

American bullfrog

Lithobates catesbeianus or Rana catesbeiana


flying fish

en-noun

flying fish (plural flying fishes or flying fish)

flying fishes (plural)
flying fish (plural)

A tropical marine fish of the family Exocoetidae, having enlarged winglike pectoral fins enabling it to escape predators by taking short gliding flights through the air.


coho

The earlier spelling "cohose" was re-interpreted as a plural form (for a similar development, see pea). From Halkomelem.

1996, Committee on Protection and Management of Pacific Northwest Anadromous Salmonids, National Research Council, Upstream: Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest, page 105,
Overall, OCN coho constitute the largest aggregate of coho populations in the United States outside Alaska.

Since 1965, an index live-count method has been used to annually estimate the number of coho salmon in the escapement to the Skagit River.

1998, Robert Harvey Conrad, Coho Salmon Escapement to the Skagit River Estimated Using a Mark-recapture Method, 1989, page i:

2000, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Sitka Ranger District, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Redoubt Lake Cabin, Baranof Island: Fish and Wildlife Opportunities, unnumbered page,
Redoubt Lake has good populations of both coho and sockeye salmon and minor runs of pink salmon and a few chum salmon. The sockeye run peaks during early July, and the coho run begins in August.

Oncorhynchus kisutch
Oncorhynchus kisutch#Translingual

An anadromus and semelparous salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, found in the coastal regions of the northern Pacific Ocean, used as a symbol by several Native American tribes.


son-in-law egg

A calque of Thai ไข่ลูกเขย (khai luuk kheeuy), from ไข่ (khai, “egg”) + ลูกเขย (luuk kheeuy, “son-in-law”).

A boiled egg that has been shelled and then deep-fried.

kai leuk koey

variously spelled; a Romanization of the Thai term


Snoopy

Some dogs will be back porch familiars — beagles with soulful, Snoopy eyes: Dalmatians with spots; bassets with mitten ears; Siberian huskies with wolfish voices; Collies that look just like Lassie.

1978 January 20, “A Day For Dogs And Dog Lovers”, in Milwaukee Journal:

My daughter calls these "Snoopy eyes" after the childlike presentation of the beagle in Schulz's cartoon Peanuts.

2005, Russell Dale Guthrie, The nature of Paleolithic art, page 93:

Mary Mann, another sophomore, sits on the roof of a red dog house, giving her most enigmatic Snoopy look.

2006 April 14, “Good Grief! A Student Musical.”, in The Virginian Pilot:

Being excessive or overzealous only gives the patient a surprised “Snoopy” look.

2009, Douglas Hamilton with Babak Azizzadeh, Beverly Hills Beauty Secrets, page 161:

Charlie Brown's pet beagle in the comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz; often representing doggish soulfulness.


chuman

The chuman had been sheer fantasy. Oliver was an unusual chimp, yet a chimp just the same. But what really stands in the way of a chuman? Did chumans ever exist?

2016, Itai Yanai, Lercher Martin, The Society of Genes, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 151:

A hypothetical hybrid of a male chimpanzee and a female human.


humanzee

The archetypal hybrid is the humanzee, as it has appeared in popular culture and in policy discussions. The being would be a humanzee (if the father is human) or chimphuman (if the mother is human).

2009, Andrea L. Bonnicksen, Chimeras, Hybrids, and Interspecies Research: Politics and Policymaking, Georgetown University Press, →ISBN, page 66:

A hypothetical hybrid of a human and a chimpanzee.

scimpanzuomo

a hypothetical hybrid of a human and a chimpanzee


daw

en-verb

daw (third-person singular simple present daws, present participle dawing, simple past and past participle dawed)

daws (present singular third-person)
dawing (participle present)
dawed (participle past)
dawed (past)

From Middle English dawen, from Old English dagian (“to dawn”), from Proto-West Germanic *dagēn, from Proto-Germanic *dagāną (“to become day, dawn”), from *dagaz (“day”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”). More at day, dawn.


grenadier

From French grenadier, corresponding to grenade + -ier.

(zoology) Any of various deep-sea fish of the family Macrouridae that have a large head and body and a long tapering tail; a rattail.


gurnard

From Middle English gurnard, from Old French gournart, from the verb gronir, from Latin grunnīre (“to grunt”). Compare French grondin (“gurnard”), which evolved in a similar way.

Any of various marine fish of the family Triglidae that have a large armored head and fingerlike pectoral fins used for crawling along the sea bottom.


sea horse

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sea horse.wav

From Middle English sehors (“walrus”), equivalent to sea + horse. Probably a calque of obsolete French cheval de mer or directly of Late Latin caballus marinus.

Any of various small marine fish of the genus Hippocampus that have a horselike head and swim upright.

(philately) any of a series of British high value stamps issued during the reign of King George V featuring a depiction of Britannia on a chariot in choppy seas.


hard-boiled

en-adj

hard-boiled (comparative more hard-boiled, superlative most hard-boiled)

more hard-boiled (comparative)
most hard-boiled (superlative)

Cooked to a solid consistency. (of a boiled egg)

He told me afterward that he tried to find his folks and square himself—and maybe it was the truth—but some of the hard-boiled townspeople found him, instead, and he had a running fight all the way to the depot.

1916 March 11, Charles E. Van Loan, “His Folks”, in Saturday Evening Post:

'Some big, hard-boiled egg meets up with a pretty face, and bingo! He cracks up and melts.'

1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 31:

Christ, maybe that blond was only a bitch after all. Maybe she put out even to the punks. Come to think of it, she looked a little hard-boiled. The kind of a broad who knew a hell of a lot.

1934, James T. Farrell, chapter 17, in The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan:

Callous and unsentimental. (of a person, especially a detective)

(literature, especially detective fiction) Written in a laconic, dispassionate, often ironic style for a realistic, unsentimental effect.


thresher

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *terh₁-der.?
Proto-Germanic *þreskaną
Old English þrescan
Middle English threschen
Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz
Proto-West Germanic *-ārī
Old English -ere
Middle English -er
Middle English thresshere
English thresher
From Middle English thresshere; equivalent to thresh + -er. The shark's tail is thought to resemble the implement.


coon

(Southern US, ethnic slur) A coonass; a white Acadian French person who lives in the swamps.


Tyrannosaurus rex

en-noun

Tyrannosaurus rex (plural Tyrannosaurus rex or Tyrannosaurus rexes or Tyrannosauri reges)

Tyrannosaurus rex (plural)
Tyrannosaurus rexes (plural)
Tyrannosauri reges (plural)

/taɪˌɹænəˈsɔːɹəs ˈɹɛks/

/təˌɹænəˈsɔːɹəs ˈɹɛks/

Some of the most spectacular beasts in East Coast museums happen to be Tyrannosaurus rexes from Montana.

1999, Fred Setterberg, America: True Stories of Life on the Road, →ISBN, page 244:

"Now, Dr. Richgels, you picked a folder from the story box. Could you show us the one that you picked?" Mine shows two Tyrannosaurus rexes fighting […]

2003, Donald J. Richgels, Going to Kindergarten: A Year with an Outstanding Teacher, →ISBN, page 222:

So Lyell's view is not inconsistent with Dollo's Law of Irreversibility in that, under awful (i.e., evolutionary) changes, biological organisms would not follow the same unlikely path regenerating, say, DNA-exact Tyrannosaurus rexes from ancestral chicken stock in some future age.

2009, Allen A. Debus, Prehistoric Monsters: The Real and Imagined Creatures of the Past, →ISBN, page 251:

A giant carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Cretaceous period.


Zuchon

A breed of dog, a cross between a bichon and a Shih Tzu.


stilt

From Middle English stilte, stulte, from Old English *stilte, *stylte, from Proto-Germanic *stiltijǭ, *staltijǭ, *stultijǭ (“stilt”), from Proto-Germanic *stelt- (“to be stiff”). Akin to Danish stylte, Dutch stelt, German Stelze.

Any of various wading birds of the genera Himantopus and Cladorhynchus, related to the avocet, that have extremely long legs and long thin bills.


welter-weight

Originally “heavyweight horseman” (1832), from welter (“heavyweight horseman”) + weight. Boxing sense 1896.

compound

(horse racing) A weight of 28 pounds (or 40 pounds: a heavy welterweight), sometimes imposed in addition to weight for age, chiefly in steeplechases and hurdle races.


black bear

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-black bear.wav

Ursus americanus
Ursus americanus#Translingual

An American black bear, Ursus americanus, indigenous to North America.


sunfish

* From sun + fish.
* (type of fish): Perhaps from the rounded body shape.

Any of various small freshwater fishes of the family Centrarchidae, often with iridescent colours and having a laterally compressed body.

Any of various large marine fishes of the family Molidae that have an oval compressed body.


sunfish

en-verb

sunfish (third-person singular simple present sunfishes, present participle sunfishing, simple past and past participle sunfished)

sunfishes (present singular third-person)
sunfishing (participle present)
sunfished (participle past)
sunfished (past)

(intransitive) Of an animal such as a bull or a horse: to twist the body into a crescent shape and roll back and forth.


Angus

Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Aonghas, perhaps literally "one choice".

Angus was a great enlargement of experience for me, because he illustrated how haphazardly Fate attributes names to her unoffending children. Angus McGubbin: a Scots giant, red-haired and scowling - wouldn't you think so?

1994, RobertsonDavies, The Cunning Man, Viking, published 1995, →ISBN, page 168:

A male given name from Scottish Gaelic of mostly Scottish usage.

A former county of Scotland, which became a local government district in 1975 in Tayside Region (abolished 1996)

A council area of Scotland, one of 32 created in 1996.

(rail transport) A nickname for the 0-8-8-0 train configuration.


tope

Galeorhinus galeus
Galeorhinus galeus#Translingual

A small, grey, European shark, Galeorhinus galeus, that has rough skin and a long snout.


catfish

en-noun

catfish (countable and uncountable, plural catfish or catfishes)

From cat + fish. Likely so named for its prominent barbels like a cat's whiskers. Compare West Frisian katfisk (“catfish”), Dutch katvis (“catfish”). Compare also German Seekatze (“catfish”, literally “sea-cat”).

cog

“You don’t see catfish that big anymore, except in Chernobyl […] Nobody fishes there anymore, so the catfish thrive. They’ve gotten really enormous, some even twelve or thirteen feet long. They’re bottom-feeders, and apparently the mud still contains a lot of radioactive particles, but the catfish don’t seem to mind.”

2013, Ruth Ozeki, A Tale for the Time Being, Canongate Books (2019), page 213:

Any fish of the order Siluriformes, mainly found in fresh water, lacking scales, and having barbels like whiskers around the mouth.

The meat of such a fish, popular in the Southern U.S. and Central Europe.


catfish

en-verb

catfish (third-person singular simple present catfishes, present participle catfishing, simple past and past participle catfished)

catfishes (present singular third-person)
catfishing (participle present)
catfished (participle past)
catfished (past)

I only use this rod for catfishing.


koi

We sense that while it might be wonderful for Krystle and Alexis to have a catfight in a koi pond, it would be inappropriate for Joan to smack Linda with a koi.

1985 September 2, Joe Klein, quoting Douglas S. Cramer, “The Real Star of ‘Dynasty’”, in New York, page 34:

Ornamental domesticated varieties of the Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus), of Japan and eastern Asia with red-gold or white coloring.


sophomore

From earlier sophumer, from the obsolete sophom, sophum (“sophism or dialectical exercise”), from Ancient Greek σόφισμα (sóphisma). Likely influenced by Ancient Greek σοφός (sophós, “wise”) + μωρός (mōrós, “fool”). Compare oxymoron (literally “sharp-dull”), a similar contradiction.

Coordinate term: debut

The band’s sophomore album built upon the success of their debut release, catapulting them to megastardom.

“Blonde,” which is spelled “Blond” on the album cover and “Blonde” on Apple and elsewhere, hews more closely to what was expected from a sophomore release by one of the most lauded and enigmatic young singers in pop music.

2016 August 21, Joe Coscarelli, “Frank Ocean Finally Delivers His Album, and a Pop-Up Surprise”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Spike Lee’s sophomore film, after his micro-budgeted and critically acclaimed debut, “She’s Gotta Have It,” was this big, bold ensemble musical set on the campus of a Historically Black College over a busy homecoming weekend.

2021 March 5, Jason Bailey, “Watch These 13 Titles on Netflix Before They Leave This Month”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(US) The second in a series, especially, the second of an artist’s albums or the second of four years in a high school (tenth grade) or university.


sophomore

She was very mature for a sophomore and had several friends who were juniors or even seniors.

(US, Philippines) A second-year undergraduate student in a college or university, or a second-year student in a four-year secondary school or high school.

The filly had looked promising as a sophomore, but concerns over her health had prompted the owner to pull her from the season’s early races.

(US, horse-racing) A three-year-old horse.


minke whale

Balaenoptera acutorostrata
Balaenoptera acutorostrata#Translingual

Balaenoptera bonaerensis
Balaenoptera bonaerensis#Translingual

Either of two baleen whales, Balaenoptera acutorostrata and Balaenoptera bonaerensis, found in coastal waters.

ballenatu

Balaenoptera acutorostrata or Balaenoptera bonaerensis


blue jay

Any of species Cyanocitta cristata of North American jays with blue feathering from the top of its head to midway down its back.


eggy

en-adj

eggy (comparative eggier, superlative eggiest)

eggier (comparative)
eggiest (superlative)

an eggy smell/taste


zony

> Please tell us how you are doing. What do you have, zony or zorse?

1997 April 6, vicki blakslee, “Zonis zorses and zebras”, in rec.equestrian (Usenet):

the old man with the beard decided to lay his hands upon this poor lonely pony, and descended upon her a bounty, a bounty so exceedingly large, that she was blessed with a zony or a pebra, and this doth maketh lots of dosh for the zony’s owner, so that he too can be bountious ^([sic]) with the hay from the tv rights, and dost ensure the continuing success of the little darling who shall dwell in the house of hay for evermore.

2001 June 27, Bill Ramsay, “Evolution”, in nz.soc.religion (Usenet):

I am a zony. My father is a zebra and my mother is a pony.

2010, Marie Lestelle Evrard, You Look Sort of Strange, page v:

The offspring of a male zebra and a female pony.


gymkhana

→ Catalan: gimcana

→ Italian: gincana

→ Portuguese: gincana

→ Spanish: yincana

/d͡ʒɪmˈkɑnə/

From Hindustani گیند خانہ (gendxānā) / गेंदख़ाना (gendxānā, “racquet court”), from گیند / गेंद (gend, “ball”) + خانہ / ख़ाना (xānā, “court”). Influenced by gymnastics and gymnasium.

In the afternoon the British held athletic sports, an impromptu military tournament, and a gymkhana, all of which caused much merriment and diversion, and the Boers profited by the cessation of the shell fire to shovel away at their trenches.

1900, Winston Churchill, chapter 13, in London to Ladysmith via Pretoria:

(equestrianism) A competition where riders and horses display a range of skills and aptitudes.


rustle

rustle The rustle of paper (canonical)
rustles (plural)

From Middle English rustelen, russelen, of uncertain origin, but probably from Old English hrūxlian, hristlan, hrystlan, hristlian (“to make a noise”). Compare also Scots reesle (“to crackle; rattle; rustle”), West Frisian risselje, Dutch ritselen (“to rustle”), Afrikaans ritsel (“to rustle”), German rascheln (“to rustle”).

cog

He heard the silken rustle of a dressing-gown being drawn on.

1994, Stephen Fry, chapter 2, in The Hippopotamus:

A soft crackling sound similar to the movement of dry leaves.


rustle

en-verb

rustle (third-person singular simple present rustles, present participle rustling, simple past and past participle rustled)

rustles (present singular third-person)
rustling (participle present)
rustled (participle past)
rustled (past)

When at last the lumber was piled again in its rightful place, and the boxes of food had been returned to the shelter from which they had been stolen, the two friends rustled a meal, and then set off on horseback […]

1921, William M. McCoy, The Valley of the Sun, page 48:

(transitive) To make or obtain in a lively, energetic way.

(transitive) To steal (cattle or other livestock).


dipper

desc

→ Kashubian: dyper (Canada, United States)

From Middle English dippere; equivalent to dip + -er.

A cup-shaped vessel with a long handle, for dipping into and ladling out liquids; a ladle or scoop.


sunbeam

From Middle English sonnebeem, sonne beem, from Old English sunnbēam, sunnebēam (“sunbeam”), equivalent to sun + beam.

Any hummingbird of the genus Aglaeactis.


moggy

Unknown, but probably originally Mog + -y, a Scots or Northern English variant of maggie (“girl”), from Maggie, a diminutive of Margaret and Margery. First attested in reference to mongrel cats in Cockney.

...expect not so fair an enemy as Cromwel, nor such fair quarter as now is given thee: Jockey, Jemmy, and Moggy thy she-souldier, must than all to the sword...

1648, William Lilly, An Astrologicall Prediction of the Occurrances in England, Part of the Yeers 1648, 1649, 1650, page 60:

...in another Hut, a parcel of Scoth Pedlars and their Moggies,
Dancing a Highlanders Jig...

1699, Edward Ward, The London Spy, volume I, page 15:

(Scotland and Northern England regional, obsolete) Synonym of girl: a female child or young woman.


gudgeon

The noun is derived from Late Middle English gojoun [and other forms], from Old French gojon, goujon (“gudgeon”), from Late Latin gōbiōnem, the accusative of gōbiō, the augmentative of Latin gōbius (“gudgeon”), from Ancient Greek κωβῐός (kōbiós, “fish of the gudgeon kind”), probably of Semitic origin. The English word is a doublet of goby and goujon.
The verb is derived from the noun.

nb...

gogen, gogeon, gogeorn, gogin, gogyn, gojon, gojone, gojune

flat-headed gudgeon

Butis butis B., Philypnodon grandiceps E.

[...] Ile tell thee more of this another time. / But fiſh not with this melancholy baite, / For this foole gudgin, this opinion: [...]

c. 1596–1598 (date written), W[illiam] Shakespeare, The Excellent History of the Merchant of Venice. […] (First Quarto), [London]: […] J[ames] Roberts [for Thomas Heyes], published 1600, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i]:

[...] Make Fools believe in their fore-seeing / Of things before they are in Being; / To swallow Gudgeons ere th' are catch'd, / And count their Chickens ere th' are hatch'd, [...]

1663 (indicated as 1664), [Samuel Butler], “The Second Part of Hudibras. Canto III.”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 175:

The Gudgeon is reputed a fish of excellent taste, and to be very wholesome: he is of a fine shape, of a silver colour, and beautified with black spots both on his body and tail.

1676, Izaak Walton, “[The Compleat Angler or The Contemplative Man’s Recreation: Part I […].] Observations of the Gudgeon, the Ruffe, and the Bleak, and How to Fish for Them.”, in Richard Le Gallienne, editor, The Compleat Angler, 5th edition, London; New York, N.Y.: John Lane, The Bodley Head, published 1897, →OCLC, page 199:

You save your souls here, eating cabbage, and think you are the righteous. You eat a gudgeon a day, and you think you bribe God with gudgeon.

1912, Fyodor Dostoevsky, “Why is such a Man Alive?”, in Constance Garnett, transl., The Brothers Karamazov […], New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, published 1922, part I, book II (An Unfortunate Gathering), page 73:

A small freshwater fish, Gobio gobio, that is native to Eurasia.

The southern purple-spotted gudgeon [Mogurnda adspersa] can be hard to find. Although colourful, they are thin and only grow up to 12 centimetres.

2012 October 5, Nicola Gage, “Murray Showing Signs of Recovery”, in ABC News, Sydney, N.S.W., archived from the original on 2019-11-01:

(Australia) Any of various similar small fish of the family Eleotridae, often used as bait.

Butidae

yellowbelly gudgeon (Allomogurnda nesolepis) E.

Other fish, similar in appearance, principally in families Butidae and Eleotridae, but also in others.


cama

A hybrid animal produced by breeding a camel and a llama.


cocker spaniel

American cocker spaniel
American cocker spaniel

English cocker spaniel
English cocker spaniel

Either of two breeds of dog, the American cocker spaniel and the English cocker spaniel.


kittiwake

en-noun

kittiwake (plural kittiwakes or kittiwake)

Originally Scots, imitative of the bird's call.

onomatopoeic

imitative

Either of two small gulls in the genus Rissa of the family Laridae that nest in colonies on sea cliffs and spend the winter on the open ocean.


amphidromous

(of a migratory fish) that travels between fresh and salt water, but not to breed


dapple

en-verb

dapple (third-person singular simple present dapples, present participle dappling, simple past and past participle dappled)

dapples (present singular third-person)
dappling (participle present)
dappled (participle past)
dappled (past)

Jt ſeemes it is in faſhion vvith you to ſugar your papers vvith Carnation phraſes, and dapple your ſpeeches vvith nevv quodled vvords.

1647, Theodore de la Guard [pseudonym; Nathaniel Ward], The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America. […], London: […] J[ohn] D[ever] & R[obert] I[bbitson] for Stephen Bowtell, […], →OCLC, page 77:

dappling black on white with uneven strokes

1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 75:

Kris awoke with a start. Sweat dappled his forehead, and he brushed it away.

To mark or become marked with mottling or spots.


darter

Aquatic birds of various kinds are very numerous, such as geese, darters (Flotus melanogaster), scissor-bills (Rhynchops nigra), adjutants (Leptoptilos argala), pelicans, cormorants, cranes (Grus antigone, in Burmese gyoja), whimbrels, plovers, and ibises.

1876, "Burmah" in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. IV, p. 552

(US)

Any member of the family Anhingidae, waterbirds with long necks.

Any of various darting freshwater fish of the family Percidae, that are usually small and brightly coloured and are native to North America.

Any of the similar South American (and Panamanian) freshwater fish in the characin family Crenuchidae

(UK) Any of the dragonflies in the genus Sympetrum


whimbrel

Uncertain. Perhaps from whimper + -el, alluding to the sound of its cry.

Numenius phaeopus
Numenius phaeopus#Translingual

A large migratory wading bird, Numenius phaeopus, of the family Scolopacidae, with a long downcurved bill.


kakapo

Strigops habroptila
Strigops habroptila#Translingual

A large flightless parrot, Strigops habroptila, with greenish plumage, that is nocturnal and native to New Zealand.


fugu

Borrowed from Japanese 河豚(ふぐ) (fugu, “blowfish”).

Twenty minutes later, the chef has successfully prepared a whole fugu—or puffer fish—a Japanese delicacy whose capacity to maim and kill is dividing the country’s culinary world.

2016 August 5, Justin McCurry, “Last supper? Japan's diners divided over killer puffer fish”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

Blowfish: a delicacy popular in Japan served raw as sushi that may, if improperly prepared, contain deadly levels of neurotoxins.


snakebite

en-noun

snakebite (countable and uncountable, plural snakebites)

We agreed to go down to the bar and get a snakebite together, […]

2016, Zadie Smith, Swing Time, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Press, →ISBN, page 231:

(countable, uncountable) A drink made by mixing hard cider and lager.

Coordinate term: angel bites

Ellie recently got a navel piercing and snakebites.

(countable) Either of a pair of lip piercings below the lower lip, resembling the fangs of a snake.


antbird

Any of various drab-colored South American birds of the family Thamnophilidae that feed on ants.


skua

From Faroese skúgvur (“Great Skua”), from Old Norse skúfr, of unknown origin.

Any of various predatory seabirds of the family Stercorariidae that often chase other seabirds to steal their catches.

كَرْكَر

predatory seabird of the family Stercorariidae


century egg

Almonds, parched watermelon seeds—esteemed as a great delicacy—spareribs covered with a mixture of molasses sugar, fried fish, chicken livers and century eggs were put on the table at once.

1912 November 15, “Chop suey hoax exposed”, in The Mixer & Server, volume 21, number 11, page 35:

More or less is heard about the Chinese "century eggs." These are duck eggs which have been preserved by a coating of mud, rice hulls, lime and wood ashes.

1922 December 20, E. C. Heinsohn, “Eggs and Poultry in China”, in The Egg Reporter, page 28:

In the middle of the platter were century eggs, eggs which have been left in lime for a long, long time until the yolk has become dark and the white gelatinous.

1953, Dorothy Snapp McCammon, We tried to stay, page 95:

There are many varieties of congee but the most common is this salted pork with century egg.

2015, Deborah Lowe Kwok Yun, The Little Cantonese Cookbook:

King Chef (2F Main Mall, 0932 323 1871) serves healthy food and authentic Cantonese cuisine in a fine dining setup. For Father's Day, treat the whole family to its dim sum platters! It has a roasted platter which includes soyed chicken, roast duck, barbecued pork asado, fried five-spice roll, and soyed cucumber with century egg. Another option is the steamed dim sum platter, where you can devour a spread of hakaw, pork & shrimp siomai, Japanese siomai, beancurd roll, and Taosi spareribs.

2022 June 18, “Go on a Binondo food trip this Father's Day at Lucky Chinatown”, in Manila Bulletin, Manila: Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-22:

A Chinese delicacy made by preserving a duck, chicken or quail egg in a mixture of clay, ash, salt, quicklime and rice hulls for several weeks to several months, depending on the method of processing.


manpanzee

Coordinate term: chuman


dabbling duck

One of the ducks of species in subfamily Anatinae, that feed by dabbling in shallow water, including mallards and teals.


diving duck

Coordinate term: dabbling duck

Any of the ducks that feed mainly by diving such as pochards and scaups, of species in tribe Aythyini.


Goldendoodle

Now there are dozens of mixes, most of which are a poodle blend. There is the goldendoodle, labradoodle, maltipoo, schnoodle, shihpoo, and the puggle, a mix of a pug and a beagle.

2007, Earl Mindell, Elizabeth Renaghan, Dr. Earl Mindell’s Nutrition and Health for Dogs, Basic Health Publications, Inc., →ISBN, page 117:

Pretty soon, with poodles as the go-to sire dog, there were goldendoodles, cockapoos, Airedoodles, bich-poos, bassetoodles, shih-poos.

2013, Sue Halpern, A Dog Walks into a Nursing Home: Lessons in the Good Life from an Unlikely Teacher, Riverhead Books, →ISBN:

(cynology) A mixed breed dog that is a cross between the Golden Retriever and the poodle.


chiffchaff

/ˈt͡ʃɪf.t͡ʃæf/

Echoic of the repetitive "chiff-chaff" song of the European species, Phylloscopus collybita.
*
 Audio: (file)

onom

Echoic

Any of several other species of the same genus.


brown bear

A species of bears native to northern America, Europe and Asia having brownish fur. (Ursus arctos)


corncrake

A bird of the rail family, Crex crex, that breeds in meadows and arable farmland across Europe and western Asia, migrating to Africa in winter.

мэкъупӏэджэд

mɛqʷupʼɛdžɛd


pochard

Apparently originally from poach (“to poke”) + -ard. Compare poker.

Aythya ferina
Aythya ferina#Translingual

Any of various diving ducks of the subfamily Aythyinae (genera Aythya and Netta), especially the common pochard, Aythya ferina.

Tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ naalʼeełí bitsiiʼ halchíiʼii


fieldfare

Inherited from Middle English feldefare, from Old English feldefare, from feld (“field”) + ġefara (“traveller”); equivalent to field + fare.

Paul seemed relaxed, scanning the fields on either side of the muddy lane for fieldfares

2007, Diana Athill, “Somewhere Towards the End”, in Granta, 98, p. 20:

Turdus pilaris
Turdus pilaris#Translingual

A large thrush, Turdus pilaris, a bird of Eurasia.


oystercatcher

/ˈɔɪstəˌkæt͡ʃə/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-oystercatcher.wav

[T]he sea-swallows uttered their ringing "Tree, tree," and the oyster-catchers their mocking "Click, click!" which has caused so many an unsuccessful sportsman to smile.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 181:

Any of several black or pied coastal wading birds in the genus Haematopus that have a long red or orange bill and feed on shellfish.


dabchick

Once there was a moment where the sun beat through the fog, and they discovered they were surrounded on all sides by dabchicks whinnying and diving.

2016, Sarah Perry, The Essex Serpent, Serpentʼs Tail (2017), page 396:

Tachybaptus ruficollis
Tachybaptus ruficollis#Translingual

A small grebe, little grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis).


bully

en-noun

bully (countable and uncountable, plural bullies)

From 1530, as a term of endearment, probably a diminutive ( + -y) of Dutch boel (“lover; brother”), from Middle Dutch boel, boele (“brother; lover”), from Old Dutch *buolo, from Proto-Germanic *bōlô (compare Middle Low German bôle (“brother”), Middle High German buole (“brother; close relative; close relation”) (whence German Buhle (“lover”)), Old English Bōla, Bōlla (personal name), diminutive of expressive *bō- (“brother, father”). Compare also Latvian bālinš (“brother”). More at boy.
The term acquired a negative connotation during the 17th century; first ‘noisy, blustering fellow’ then ‘a person who is cruel to others’. Possibly influenced by bull (“male cattle”) or via the ‘prostitute's minder’ sense. The positive senses are dated, but survive in phrases such as bully pulpit.

onomatopoeic

expressive

Any of various small freshwater or brackishwater fish of the family Eleotridae; sleeper gobies.


dunlin

Calidris alpina
Calidris alpina#Translingual

A small wading bird, Calidris alpina, found along the coast and having a distinctive black belly patch in its breeding plumage. A type of stint.


chough

From Middle English choughe, choȝe, coo, cheo, from Old English ċēo (“a bird of the genus Corvus, a jay, crow, jackdaw, chough”) and ċeahhe (“a daw”), both from Proto-West Germanic *kahu (“jackdaw, crow”), from imitative Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to crow, caw, shout”).
Cognate with Scots kae (“jackdaw”), West Frisian ka (“jackdaw”), Dutch kauw (“jackdaw, daw, chough”), Swedish kaja (“jackdaw”).

onomatopoeic

imitative

der

The white-winged chough, of genus Corcorax in the Australian mud-nest builders family, Corcoracidae, that inhabits dry woodlands.


bruin

From Middle Dutch bruun (“brown”) via William Caxton's 1485 translation of a Dutch version of the legend of Reynard the Fox. Bruin is the bear, named for his brown color. Doublet of brown.

The mother sought the one gone / astray, for the lost she longs: / she ran great swamps as a wolf / trod the wilds as a bruin / waters as an otter roamed […].

1989, Elias Lönnrot, translated by Keith Bosley, The Kalevala, section XVII:

A folk name for a bear, especially the brown bear, Ursus arctos.


goody

An American fish, the lafayette or spot.


zoozoo

onom

imitative


zuisin

Probably from an Algonquian language; compare Ojibwe zhiishiib (“duck”).


remora

en-noun

remora (plural remora or remorae or remoras)

remora (plural)
remorae (plural)
remoras (plural)

Borrowed from Latin remora (“delay, hindrance, passive resistance”), from the belief that the fish would attach themselves to ships and slow them down, from re- (prefix meaning ‘back, backwards’) + mora (“delay”) (from Proto-Indo-European *mere (“to delay, hinder”), from *(s)mer- (“to fall into thinking, remember; to care for”)).

der

The Remoræ (Echeneisidæ) form the last family of the soft-finned, subbrachian fishes. They are characterized at once by the top of their heads being flattened, and furnished with transverse series of cartilaginous plates, somewhat similar to the plates under the toes of the Gecko, by which these fish attach themselves to ships, rocks, and marine bodies.

1832, “Room XI. General Collection of Fish and Corals.”, in Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum, 26th edition, London: Printed by G[eorge] Woodfall, […], →OCLC, page 86:

The remora, lump-sucker, and others are provided with a muscular disk in the form of a sucker, by which they adhere to other fish or bodies moving through the water: [...]

1839, P. Evers, “On the Muscular System in the Vertebrata. [Pisces.]”, in The Student’s Compendium of Comparative Anatomy (Dunglison’s American Medical Library), Philadelphia, Pa.: Printed and published by A. Waldie, […], →OCLC, page 42:

[...] I could not but notice, with some degree of curiosity, the gradual approaches of one of these remorae of society into the good graces of as genuine an English family as ever left the fat fields of Suffolk to pay for peeping at foreign novelty.

1866, Philip Abraham, “Forest Glinton. A Character, from Life.”, in Autumn Gatherings, being a Collection of Prose and Poetry. Sacred and Secular, London: Published by and for the author, […], →OCLC, pages 99–100:

It was all genuine footage of various kinds of ray-fish: first a manta gliding just below the surface of a purple sea near the coast of Argentina. He glided there amongst the light beams that penetrated the water like daggers stabbing into it, while remorae skirted among his wing-fins.

2012, Christopher Mac Lairn, “Vulturnus”, in The Spirit of Vengeance, [Bloomngton, Ind.]: Xlibris, →ISBN, page 53:

The tenacity with which remoras attach to their hosts is best illustrated by the practice of sea turtle fishing by fishermen in the Caribbean and off China and northern Australia [...], and in Yemen and Kenya, where it continues to this day. A fisherman ties a line around the tail of a remora and throws the fish into the water. The remora tightly attaches itself to a turtle, and the remora and its "catch" are then hauled ashore.

2018, Dagmar Fertl, André M. Landry, “Remoras”, in Bernd Würsig, J. G. M. Thewissen, Kit M. Kovacs, editors, Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, 3rd edition, London, San Diego, Calif.: Academic Press, →ISBN, page 793, column 1:

Any of various elongate fish from the family Echeneidae, the dorsal fin of which is in the form of a suction disc that can take a firm hold against the skin of larger marine animals.


paddock

The noun is almost certainly a variant of dialectal British parrock (“enclosure; park; croft, small field, paddock”), from Middle English parrok, parrock (“enclosed pasture, paddock; coop; feeding stall; cabin, hut”) [and other forms], from Old English pearroc, pearruc (“fence used to enclose a space; area enclosed by such a fence, enclosure”), from Proto-West Germanic *parruk (“enclosure; pen for animals”), from Proto-Germanic *parrukaz (“fence; enclosure”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *barō (“bar, beam; barrier”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce; to strike”). Doublet of park.
The verb is derived from the noun.
cognates
* Danish park (“pond”)
* Dutch perk (“flowerbed; garden; pen”)
* German Pferch (“sheepfold, sheep-pen”)

cog

We left the carriage, bought programmes, and walked across the infield and then across the smooth thick turf of the course to the paddock. […] The paddock was fairly well filled with people and they were walking the horses around in a ring under the trees behind the grand stand.

1929 May–October, Ernest Hemingway, chapter 20, in A Farewell to Arms, 1st British edition, London: Jonathan Cape […], published 1929, →OCLC, book II, page 138:

You remind me of a two-year-old, Dinny—one of those whipcordy chestnuts that kick up their heels in the paddock, get left at the post, and come in first after all.

1931 November, John Galsworthy, chapter XXIV, in Maid in Waiting, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: The Ryerson Press, published 1931, →OCLC, page 211:

(horse racing) An enclosure next to a racecourse where horses are paraded and mounted before a race and unsaddled after a race.


paddock

From Middle English paddok, paddoke (“frog; toad”) [and other forms], from pad, pade (“frog; toad”) + -ok (diminutive suffix). Pad, pade is derived from Old English *pada, *padda, padde, from Proto-West Germanic *paddā, from Proto-Germanic *paddǭ (“toad”); further etymology uncertain, possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to swell”). The English word is analysable as pad (“(Britain, dialectal) frog; toad”) + -ock (suffix forming nouns, originally with diminutive senses).
Sense 2 (“sledge”) is probably from the supposed resemblance of the object to a frog or toad.

suffix

Where I was wont to ſeeke the honey Bee, / Working her formall rowmes in Wexen frame: / The grieſlie Todeſtoole growne there mought I ſe / And loathed Paddocks lording on the ſame.

1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], “December. Ægloga Duodecima.”, in The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Hugh Singleton, […], →OCLC, folio 49, verso:

Where I was wont to seek the honey bee, / Working her formal rooms in waxen frame: / The grisly toadstool grown there might I see / And loathed paddocks lording on the same.

Padock calls anon: faire is foule, and foule is faire, / Houer through the fogge and filthie ayre.

c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene i], page 131, column 1:

[F]rom the hall wherein the mourners died / A grey wolf glared, and o'er his head the bat / Hung, and the paddock on the hearth-stone sat.

1870, William Morris, “October: The Man Who Never Laughed Again”, in The Earthly Paradise: A Poem, part III, London: F[rederick] S[tartridge] Ellis, […], →OCLC, page 240:

(chiefly Northern England, Northern Ireland, Scotland)


dotterel

15th century. From dote (“to be foolish; senile”) + -rel (“pejorative suffix”). The bird is so named as it is easy to catch.

(Australia, New Zealand) Any of various small birds of Australasia thought to resemble the Eurasian dotterel.


zonure

From translingual Zonurus, from zon- (“girdle, belt”), from Ancient Greek ζώνη (zṓnē, “girdle, belt”) + -urus (“-tailed”), from Ancient Greek οὐρά (ourá, “tail”).

uder

Any one of several of South African lizards of the genus Zonurus (now Smaug), common in rocky environments.


zope

The absolute fecundity of zopes on first maturing (at the age of 5 years) was less than that of those spawning for the second time.[…]On comparison of the fecundity of zopes of the same size and different age the data obtained proved contradictory to some extent.

1969, Problems of Ichthyology, American Fisheries Society, pages 390–391:

Before catching, more than half zopes, sandres and perches feed actively.

1974, B.S. Kuzin, editor, Biological and Hydrological Factors of Local Movements of Fish in Reservoirs, New Delhi: Amerind Publishing Co., page 300:

A fish of species Ballerus ballerus (syn. Abramis ballerus) native to Eurasia.


zokor

From dialectal Russian зо́кор (zókor), ultimately of Mongolic origin. See Russian цо́кор (cókor) for more.

Any of several Asiatic burrowing rodents native to Central Asia, in the spalacid subfamily Myospalacinae, related to the mole rats.


hanuman

An entellus (Semnopithecus entellus, syn. Presbytis entellus)


zubr

From Polish żubr, from Proto-Slavic *zǫbrъ, *izǫbrъ, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth, horn, peg”).

der

Herberstein and Martin Cronner assert that the name of Bison is always bestowed on the animal called Zubr or Zumbr by the Poles that the name of Aurochs or Urus is improperly bestowed upon it by the Germans; that these last mentioned names apply solely to the urus or Thur of the Polish nation and they add, that the thur was at that period found only in Massovia, near Warsaw; and they even name the particular villages the inhabitants of which were charged with its conservation. During their days, the thur or wild bull appears to have been kept as a curiosity, as the zubr or modern aurochs is at this day, Anthony Schneebergen designates by the name of Thur a species of wild bull, differing from the domestic breed in few particulars, except its greater size, the uniformly black colour of the males, and the beauty of its coat; its horns were always directed forwards. This last character excludes the identity of the thur and buffalo presumed by Pallas. The forward direction of the horns, the greater size, the similarity of form to that of the domestic bull, all established and described by observers who were at the same time sufficiently familiar with the zubr or modern aurochs, prove it to have been a diiferent animal from that last named.

1829-1831, James Wilson, "Essays on the Origin and Natural History of the Domestic Animals.", "Essay III: On the origin and natural history of the domestic ox, and its allied species", The Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, Volume II, page 191

It is not improbable that the Bison mentioned by Seneca and Pliny was the Bonasus of Aristotle, and the Zubr and Auerochs of the moderns, while the Urus of these writers seems to be now extinct as a wild animal, but was perhaps the original of our present domestic cattle.* * Bojanus, however, is of a different opinion.

1832, Dr. von Jarocki, translator and abridger unknown, Arcana of Science and Art, Fifth Year, page 228

1838-05, W. Weissenborn, "On the Influence of Man in modifying the Zoological Featurs of the Globe; with Statistical Accounts respecting a few of the more important Species", The Magazine of Natural History
(page 239) The Zubr,* (Pr. Zhubr), Bos urus. * I give the preference to this name of the animal, because it is so called in the country where it now exists, and because many of its other synonyms are subject to controversy.
(page 251-252) In addition to what Bojanus alleges, as being favorable to the opinion that the turs of Masovia were a few individuals of the original wild ox, (Bos taurus), which had escaped death or domestication, such as, he says, are still found in a few parks of Scotland and England; or what Jarocki states to prove that the tur was the same animal as the zubr which he thinks was called tur in Muscovia and Samogitia, and zubr in Lithuania, I shall say, in corroboration of the latter opinion, that nearly all that Herberstein knew about the tur from hearsay, is fabulous; (for instance, that it breeds with tame cows, but that the progeny does not come to perfection, "vituli qui nascuntur non sunt vitales;" that the turs which have mixed with tame cows, are expelled from their herd, as infamous, &c.) the report which he makes respecting the carcass of a tur, given to him by King Sigismundus Augustus, bears strong evidence of his having received a zubr, which the men who delivered it called tur, whereas he himself allows that he was absent at the time the present was received.

As an appendix to our history of the bison, it will not be out of place, if we here proceed to give a short sketch of the history of its Old World relative, the little known and almost extinct aurochs or zubr, our information respecting which is derived from a valuable paper by Dr. Weissenborn of Weimar, published in the 'Magazine of Natural History for May and June 1838.'

1840, James Rennie, The Menageries: Quadrapeds, volume 3, page 352:

The Zubr, or European Bison.*—(Bison zubris.)
The bonasos, or monapos, described by Aristotle as inhabiting Pæonia (the modern province of Bulgaria, in Turkey), and the bison, which Pausanias and Oppian describe as existing in the same locality, appear to be the present species, although no longer found there; and it is, no doubt, the animal called zimbr in Moldavia, about the time of Demetrius Cantemir. It has also been called wisen, wisant, visant, ure, our, auer, auerocks, urochs, and tur; evidently originating in the more classic terms bison, urus, and taurus. There is a third species of bison (Bison Caucasica), inhabiting Mount Caucasus, and probably some districts of India and other parts of Asia.

1841, James H. Fennell, A Natural History of British and Foreign Quadrupeds, page 520:

(obsolete) One of several species of European bison or aurochs, which were unclearly delineated in the 1800s when this sense was in use.

THE European bison, wisent or zubr (Bison bonasus) seems to be coming back into circulation again, at least among menagerie keepers. The London Zoo has a pair of them...

1959-11-19, "Market in European Bison", The New Scientist, page 981

Near it is Bialowieza, the remainder of the European primeval forest. Bialowieza is home to the zubr, or Polish bison, which is a cousin of the American buffalo. In addition to the zubr, the Polish forests are also home to the wild boar, eagles, falcons, and many other animals.

1994, Don McKay, Our Global Village - Poland: A Cultural Resource Guide, Lorenz Educational Press, page 3

The zubr, or European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus), had been the Russian Empire's largest land mammal, its range limited to two widely separated, and geographically disparate, protected preserves: ...

1999, Douglas R. Weiner, A Little Corner of Freedom: Russian Nature Protection from Stalin to Gorbachëv, University of California Press, page 65:

2002-02-10, Alex, "Bison hair found in Greenland", sci.archeology, https://groups.google.com/d/msg/sci.archaeology/rIGlCbipg3Y/DGHi3djUVnEJ
A notriceable population of "zubr" (european bison) still exists in Poland and Belorus.

2003-10-14, Peter H.M. Brooks, "Aurocks, hares and warthog", uk.food+drink.misc, https://groups.google.com/d/msg/uk.food+drink.misc/vji_2hfDHAM/BhCPjJ9S9qIJ
The aurocks (Bos Urus or Bos primigenius) existed in Europe until fairly recently - Caesar called them Urus and Charlemagne hunted them. The Lithuanian Zubr (Bos Bison) is sometimes, incorrectly, called an aurock.

2004-06-01, Brian M. Scott, "Re: Plot-noodling! (following on from "Twisting the Cliche")", rec.arts.sf.composition, https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.arts.sf.composition/0QQYMuojZYo/oH8DtE622u8J
Aurochs? (Of which the last is thought to have died in Poland in 1627.) Probably not, since they simply were wild, but I haven't found anything else besides the wisent (zubr, European bison).

Bison bonasus
Bison bonasus#Translingual

The wisent, the European bison (Bison bonasus).


loon

Of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse lómr (“loon”), ultimately imitative of the bird's cry, particularly when it's in danger. Distantly related to lament, probably sharing Proto-Indo-European *leh₂- (expressive root).

onomatopoeic

imitative

The Loone is an ill ſhap'd thing like a Cormorant; but that he can neyther goe nor flye; he maketh a noiſe ſometimes like a Sovvgelders horne.

1634, William Wood, “Of the Birds and Fowles both of Land and Water”, in New Englands Prospect. A True, Lively, and Experimentall Description of that Part of America, Commonly Called New England; […], London: […] Tho[mas] Cotes, for Iohn Bellamie, […], →OCLC, 1st part, page 31:

[O]h, yes! the loon does shriek dreadfully - particularly when there's fine rain […]

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H. L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 286:

He came again to her and she said: ‘Run swifter than the deer, be more cunning than the beaver, dive deeper than the loon.’

1903, Zane Grey, Betty Zane, New York, N.Y.: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers, →OCLC:

And I listened for a voice;— / But my heart was all I heard; / Not a screech-owl, not a loon, / Not a tree-toad said a word.

1921, Edna St. Vincent Millay, “The Blue-Flag in the Bog”, in Second April:

(US, Canada) Any of various birds, of the order Gaviiformes, of North America and Europe that dive for fish and have a short tail, webbed feet and a yodeling cry.


Ragamuffin

A domestic cat of a particular heavy, muscular, short-necked breed.


northern snakehead

en-noun

northern snakehead (plural northern snakeheads)

A fish of species Channa argus, native to Russia, China and Korea; considered to be invasive in the United States.


safeguard

en-verb

safeguard (third-person singular simple present safeguards, present participle safeguarding, simple past and past participle safeguarded)

safeguards (present singular third-person)
safeguarding (participle present)
safeguarded (participle past)
safeguarded (past)

From Middle English savegard, from Middle French sauvegarde, from Old French salve garde, sauve garde, reconstructed as safe + guard.

(UK, Ireland, by extension) To implement safeguarding.


manta

A kind of fabric or blanket used in Latin America and southwestern United States.


señorita

Borrowed from Spanish señorita. Doublet of senhorita.

I love it when you call me señorita

A young, unmarried woman in or from a Hispanophone community.

senjoriita

courtesy title for an unmarried woman in a Hispanophone country


sanderling

First recorded 1600s. Possibly a descendant from Old English *sandyrðling, from sand (“sand”) + yrðling (“plowman”), though not attested in Old or Middle English.

Calidris alba
Calidris alba#Translingual

A small wading bird, Calidris alba, that breeds in the Arctic and winters on sandy shores and estuaries around the world.


riser

From Middle English ryser, risere, equivalent to rise + -er.

(Casting (metalworking)) a reservoir built into a metal casting mold to prevent the formation of cavities in the casting as the metal shrinks on cooling.


Samoyed

From Russian самое́д (samojéd), probably from Sami *saam-edne (“land of the people”); compare Finnish Suomi (“Finn”).
In the course of borrowing, the word was folk-etymologically reinterpreted as сам (sam, “self, own”) + есть, ед- (jestʹ, jed-, “eat”), "self-eater."

The Samoyeds are Idolaters and Witches, obſeruing diuelliſh ſuperſtitions

1613, Samuel Purchas, “[Asia.] Of other Northerne people adioyning to the Tartars.”, in Purchas His Pilgrimage. Or Relations of the World and the Religions Observed in All Ages and Places Discouered, from the Creation vnto this Present. […], London: […] William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, […], →OCLC, book IV (Of the Armenians, Medes, Persians, Parthians, Scythians, Tartarians, Chinois, and of Their Religions), page 363:

(anthropology) A member of the Samoyedic peoples of the Siberian Urals, who speak Samoyedic languages.


spoonbill

From spoon + bill, owing to the shape of the animal's beak.

Polyodon spathula
Polyodon spathula#Translingual

(US) A species of fish, Polyodon spathula, native to the Mississippi/Ohio/Missouri river basin, or extinct close relatives.


nuthatch

From Middle English nutthache, notehache, nuthake, nuttehake, nothak, equivalent to nut + hatch. Compare English nutcracker.

Nuthatches have rather a habit of entering houses through open windows, probably out of curiosity; and we owed to this habit a pet nuthatch, which became extremely tame, and used to take flies from our finger.

1895, Richard Lydekker, editor, The Royal Natural History, Volume 3, Frederick Warne & Co., page 440:

The bird was in very faded plumage with only a slight rusty wash to the underparts, and had I not heard the call, I might have mistaken it for a Pygmy Nuthatch.

1996, The Nebraska Bird Review, Volumes 64-69, Nebraska Ornithologists' Union, page 156:

Considered a resident bird, the red-breasted nuthatch usually winters in the coniferous forests within its breeding range.

1998, George Adams, Birdscaping Your Garden, Rodale Press, page 65:

Any of various small passerine birds from the family Sittidae (and its single genus Sitta), found throughout the northern hemisphere and noted for their unusual proclivity for climbing down trees head first.


marabou

From French marabou, an older spelling of marabout.

Leptoptilos crumeniferus
Leptoptilos crumeniferus#Translingual

Leptoptilos crumeniferus, a large wading bird native to Africa, with a naked head and neck adapted for scavenging.

(textiles) A kind of thrown raw silk, naturally nearly white, but capable of being dyed without scouring.

A thin fabric made from this silk, as for scarves.


pipit

Any of various small passerine birds, mainly from the genus Anthus, that are often drab, ground feeding insectivores of open country.


moorhen

From Middle English morhen, perhaps from Old English *mōrhenn, an alteration of Old English wōrhenn (compare coordinate masculine term mōrhana, a possible corruption of wōrhana (“pheasant”)), equivalent to moor + hen.

(British) A female red grouse, Lagopus lagopus scotica.


nightjar

/ˈnaɪtd͡ʒɑː/

/ˈnaɪtd͡ʒɑɹ/

From night + jar, churr (“a sound, chirp, cry”).

Any of various medium-sized nocturnal birds of the family Caprimulgidae, that feed predominantly on moths and other large flying insects.

goodé

nocturnal bird of the family Caprimulgidae


guillemot

Any seabird belonging to the genera Uria and Cepphus of the auk family Alcidae. They have black and white bodies and are good at swimming and diving.


crossbill

Any of various finches of the genus Loxia, whose bill crosses over at the tips; they are specialist feeders on conifer cones.

white-winged crossbill

white-winged crossbill, Loxia leucoptera


dory

Attested in American English from 1709 C.E.; possibly derived from an indigenous language of the West Indies or Central America, perhaps Miskito.

From every schooner, dories were being dropped into the shining, clear water. The sound of voices and the splashes of oars carried across the sea.

1897, Rudyard Kipling, Captains Courageous:

He and Gerald usually challenged the rollers in a sponson canoe when Gerald was there for the weekend; or, when Lansing came down, the two took long swims seaward or cruised about in Gerald's dory, clad in their swimming-suits; and Selwyn's youth became renewed in a manner almost ridiculous […]

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter IX, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:

The dory, and the fisherman who rowed it, are part of the maritime heritage that changed America from a group of shore-bound colonies to a nation with ships that ranged the waters of the world.

1960 February, John Gardner, “The Remarkable Dory: This Boat has Served Sailormen Well, and Many of Today's Able Pleasurecraft are Direct Descendants of the Line”, in Popular Boating, volume 7, number 2, →OCLC, page 90:

It is almost impossible for anyone who loves boats not to rejoice at the sight of a St. Pierre dory. Gaily painted, with lots of sheer and a defiantly jaunty look to them, the dories have been pleasing the eyes of their beholders for nearly a century.

1978 March, Steven H. Rubin, “The St. Pierre Dory: An Endangered Species”, in Boating, volume 43, number 3, →ISSN, page 72:

A dory, by definition, is a flat-bottomed boat with two pointed (or nearly pointed) ends. The traditional dories of the Pacific City fleet were just that. Over the years, however, they have evolved into the square-stern variety seen today.

2008, Jeanna Rosembalm Bottenberg, The Dory Fleet of Pacific City, Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, →ISBN, page 41:

John Wesley Powell […] the one-armed Civil War veteran led nine men in four wooden dories down the untamed and uncharted Colorado River and into the equally untamed and uncharted Grand Canyon.

2013 November 27, John Grotzinger, “The world of Mars [print version: International Herald Tribune Magazine, 2013, page 36]”, in The New York Times:

(nautical) A small flat-bottomed boat with pointed or somewhat pointed ends, used for fishing both offshore and on rivers.


dory

Natural History Museum, London
William MacGillivray
dory

From Middle English dorry, from Old French doree, past participle of dorer (“to gild”), from Latin deauratus.

A DIATREE FOR DINNER. […] The ſeconde Courſe. […] Dorye

1800, “Copy of an Original Manuscript, Entitled, 'A Breviate Touching the Order and Governmente of a Nobleman's House', &c. Communicated by the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. K.B. P.R.S. and F.S.A.”, in Archaeologia: Or, Miscellaneous Tracts Relating to Antiquity, volume XIII, London: Society of Antiquaries of London, →OCLC, page 353:

Pan-fried fish. Barramundi, bream, flounder, garfish, John Dory, snapper and Silver Dory are suitable for this recipe.

2012, Shirley Cameron, Cooking the Australian Way, 8th edition, South Yarra, Vic.: Macmillan Education Australia, →ISBN, page 265:

The golden skin of the fish found mostly in the Mediterranean may account for one possible reason why it is called ‘John Dory’, since the French word for yellow is ‘jaune’ and for golden is ‘dorée’.

2012, Martin Hannan, Harvey Wallbangers and Tam O’Shanters: A Book of Eponyms – The People Who Inspired the Words We Use Every Day, London: John Blake Publishing, →ISBN:

Any of several different families of large-eyed, silvery, deep-bodied, laterally compressed, and roughly discoid marine fish.


dory

Borrowed from Ancient Greek δόρυ (dóru).

The basic weapon of the hoplite was the dory, a wooden-shaft spear six to nine feet long with a metal point at each end.

1990, Richard A. Gabriel, The Culture of War: Invention and Early Development (Contributions in Military Studies; 96), New York, N.Y.: Greenwood Press, →ISBN, page 89:

The principal offensive weapon of the hoplite was his spear (dory). Conquered territory was said to be 'spear-won'.

2000, Nick Sekunda, Greek Hoplite: 480–323 BC (Osprey Military, Warrior Series; 27), Oxford: Osprey Publishing, →ISBN, page 12:

The principal weapon of the hoplite was the dory spear. It was unusually long – it could measure up to 10ft (3m) in length, and weighed about 4.4lb (2kg). At one end was a broad, leaf-pattern spearhead, while at the other end was a metal spike called a sauroter. The purpose of the spike is much debated: it almost certainly acted as a counterbalance, making the spear easier to hold and wield; it could have been used as an improvised spear point, or for making downward attacks on the enemy's exposed feet; or it might even have been embedded in the ground to keep the spear in place.

2011 (republished 2014 as an e-book), Chris McNab, A History of the World in 100 Weapons, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, page 37

Sadly, the Greeks' weapons have succumbed to erosion; yet all are single-handed and one figure is striking overhead with left leg forward consistent with the use of a dory.

2012, Fred Eugene Ray, Jr., Greek and Macedonian Land Battles of the 4th Century B.C.: A History and Analysis of 187 Engagements, Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, →ISBN, page 90:

A wooden pike or spear about three metres (ten feet) in length with a flat, leaf-shaped iron spearhead and a bronze butt-spike (called a sauroter), which was the main weapon of hoplites in Ancient Greece. It was usually not thrown but rather thrust at opponents with one hand.


merlin

From Middle English merlioun, merlion, marlyon, merlyon, merlinge, from Old French emerillon, esmerillon, from Old Frankish *smiril (“falcon, hawk”), from Proto-Germanic *smirilaz (“falcon, merlin”). Cognate with Old High German smirl (“falcon”), Old Norse smyrill (“falcon”).

der

The gentle falcon, that with its feet distraineth / The kingës hand; the hardy sperhawke eke, / The quailës foe; the merlion that paineth / Himself full oft the larkë for to seek; [...]

[c. 1381–1382, Geoffrey Chaucer, Parlement of Foules; republished as “The Assembly of Fowls”, in D[avid] Laing Purves, editor, The Canterbury Tales and Faerie Queene: With Other Poems of Chaucer and Spenser. […], Edinburgh: William P. Nimmo, 1874, →OCLC, page 220, column 2:

Smaller and less powerful falcons included the merlon, the hobby, and the kesterel.

1991, Thomas S. Henricks, “Sport in Feudal England”, in Disputed Pleasures: Sport and Society in Preindustrial England (Contributions to the Study of World History; 28), Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, Greenwood Publishing Group, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 23:

Falco columbarius
Falco columbarius#Translingual

A small falcon, Falco columbarius, that breeds in northern North America, Europe, and Asia.


cougar

From French couguar, from Portuguese cuguardo, a deformation of Brazilian Portuguese suçuarana (earlier çuçuarana), perhaps from Old Tupi suasuarana (“deerlike animal”), from suasú (“deer”); compare sɨwasuarána (“cervine”)) or perhaps from Guaraní guaçuara).

They are found in Brasil, Paraguay, and in the country of the Amazons; and there is reason to believe that the animal, described by some travellers, under the name of the Ocorome, in Peru, is the same as the cougar, as well as that in the country of the Iroquois, which has been considered as a tiger, thought it is neither striped like that animal, nor spotted like the panther.

1792, Georges-Louis Leclerc, anonymous translator, Buffon's Natural History, volume 7, London: Printed by J.S. Barr, Bridges-Street, Covent-Garden, translation of original in French:

The Cougar has entirely disappeared, or is very rarely met with. This animal was about the size of the wolf, of a gray color, strong, active, fierce and untameable.

1831, Francis Smith Eastman, A history of the state of New York:

The only indigenous long tailed cat in America north of the parallel of 30 degrees is the cougar. The wild cats, so called, are lynxes with short tails; and of these there are three distinct species.

1854, “The cougar, and an adventure with one”, in The Anglo-American Magazine, volume 4, page 84:

Winter’s task was to illustrate cougars—also known as mountain lions—in an urban environment. His research led him to biologist Jeff Sikich, whose work with a mountain lion population in the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area on the outskirts of L.A. seemed promising.

2013 November 14, Alexa Keefe, Steve Winter, “A Cougar Ready for His Closeup”, in National Geographic, archived from the original on 2021-03-01:

Puma concolor
Puma concolor#Translingual

Puma concolor, a wild feline native to the Americas.


peewit

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-peewit.wav

Vanellus vanellus
Vanellus vanellus#Translingual

any of several birds
northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus)

any of several birds
laughing gull (Xema ridibundus)


robinet

(historical) A military engine formerly used for throwing darts and stones.


bustard

From Middle English bustarde, from an Anglo-Norman blend of Old French bistarde and oustarde, both from Latin avis tarda (“slow bird”), which is a misnomer as bustards are fast runners.

Any of several large terrestrial birds of the family Otididae that inhabit dry open country and steppes in the Old World.

wildepou

any of several birds of the family Otididae


goosander

Blend of goose + gander. The oldest known use is by Drayton (1622).

As they above the rest were Lords of Earth and Ayre.
The Gossander with them, my goodly Fennes doe show
His head as Ebon blacke, the rest as white as Snow,

1622, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, song 25 p. 106:

Mergus merganser
Mergus merganser#Translingual

A merganser, Mergus merganser, of the northern hemisphere. They eat fish and are common on lakes and rivers.


treecreeper

Any of various small passerine birds of the family Certhiidae which live in woodlands throughout the Northern hemisphere.


turkey vulture

Cathartes aura
Cathartes aura#Translingual

A common New World vulture, Cathartes aura.

ch'ishoogi

a common North American vulture, Cathartes aura


clippety-cloppety

The sound a horse makes when walking on a hard surface in horseshoes


brambling

From Middle English bramline, equivalent to bramble + ling.

Fringilla montifringilla
Fringilla montifringilla#Translingual

A finch, Fringilla montifringilla of northern Eurasia, the male having a black head in summer and an orange breast with white belly and a long white rump.

къущхьэбзущӏэращӏэ

qʷuśḥɛbzuśʼɛraśʼɛ


fink

Chicago Record
George Ade
Homestead strike
Pinkerton (detective agency)

Unknown; first attested in 1894. A connection to Yiddish as some propose is unlikely.
Suggested origins include:
* German Fink (“finch; frivolous or dissolute person; informer”) as finches are notoriously chatty birds in groups. If so, then Doublet of finch. Compare canary (“informer”).
* Partly from the German theory, a fanciful association by students with the freedom of wild birds as opposed to caged ones.
* The slang name pink for Pinkerton agents and their use as strikebreakers in the 1892 Homestead strike. If the term is from the corporate name, then it is of Scots origin, Pinkerton being from a place near Dunbar, which is from an unrecognized first element (possibly ultimately pre-Celtic substrate) and Old English tun (“enclosure, homestead, etc.”).

(chiefly US, slang) A contemptible person.


fink

en-verb

fink (third-person singular simple present finks, present participle finking, simple past and past participle finked)

finks (present singular third-person)
finking (participle present)
finked (participle past)
finked (past)

“I move that we determine through a thorough investigation whether the new worker is a fink or no; and if he is a fink, let us discover who heʼs finking for!”

1952, Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man, Penguin Books (2014), page 222:

(chiefly US, slang) To betray a trust; to inform on.


fink

fink (third-person singular simple present finks, present participle fought, simple past and past participle fought)

finks (present singular third-person)
fought (participle present)
fought (participle past)
fought (past)

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(dialectal, th-fronting) Pronunciation spelling of think.


fink

(South Africa) Any of several birds in the family Ploceidae native to southern Africa.


stint

From Middle English stinten, from Old English styntan (“to make blunt”) and *stintan (attested in āstintan (“to make dull, stint, assuage”)), from Proto-West Germanic *stuntijan, from Proto-Germanic *stuntijaną and Proto-Germanic *stintaną (“to make short”), probably influenced in some senses by cognate Old Norse *stynta, stytta (“to make short, shorten”).

inh

He had a stint in jail.

That left Maldonado with a 6.2-second lead. Alonso closed in throughout their third stints, getting the gap down to 4.2secs before Maldonado stopped for the final time on lap 41.

2012 May 13, Andrew Benson, “Williams's Pastor Maldonado takes landmark Spanish Grand Prix win”, in BBC Sport:

Lilian Greenwood has ranked boosting diversity and inclusivity among her crowning achievements from her two-year stint chairing the House of Commons Transport Select Committee.

2020 May 20, “Network News: A legacy of greater diversity in transport”, in Rail, page 13:

A period of time spent doing or being something; a spell.

(pracovní) pobyt

a period of time spent doing or being something


wading bird

Any of various long-legged birds, of the order Ciconiiformes, such as cranes, herons, or storks, that wade in shallow water in search of food.


wryneck

Jynx torquilla
Jynx torquilla#Translingual

Either of two small woodpeckers, Jynx torquilla and Jynx ruficollis, of the Old World, that turn their heads almost 180 degrees when foraging.

ayayái

either of two small woodpeckers, Jynx torquilla and Jynx ruficollis


greenshank

Tringa nebularia
Tringa nebularia#Translingual

A wading bird, Tringa nebularia, that has long greenish legs and is native to Eurasia.


lovebird

→ Japanese: ラブバード (rabubādo)

Any small parrot from one of the nine species within the genus Agapornis. Sometimes they are kept as cage birds and are noted for their affection towards each other.


wigeon

Early 16th century. Probably from Middle French vigeon, from Old French vigeon, vingeon (“wigeon”), from Old French vignier (“to whine or shout”) + -on (“noun suffix”).


hawfinch

haw (“berry of the common hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna”) + finch. Named by English ornithologist Francis Willughby in 1676.

A large Eurasian finch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes), with a thick bill.


sandpiper

Edmund had enjoyed a good gallop over the downs (setting up the sandpipers[.]

1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 27:

Any of various small wading birds of the family Scolopacidae.


redpoll

lesser redpoll

Acanthis flammea caberet or Acanthis cabaret

Any of various finches in the genus Acanthis (syn. Carduelis), which have characteristic red markings on their heads.


redwing

Turdus iliacus
Turdus iliacus#Translingual

A small thrush, Turdus iliacus, native to Eurasia, with a white eye stripe and red under-wing feathers.


spotter

contrasted with the Übungsleiter m meaning “trainer”

Stenella longirostris
Stenella longirostris#Translingual

Dolphins of the genus Stenella, and specifically Stenella attenuata distinguished from the streaker (Stenella coeruleoalba) and the spinner (Stenella longirostris).


redshank

Persicaria maculosa
Persicaria maculosa#Translingual

Lady's thumb or redleg (Persicaria maculosa), an herb in the buckwheat family.


sealskin

en-noun

sealskin (countable and uncountable, plural sealskins)

An item of clothing made from sealskin (whether real or imitation).


hummingbird

/ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɝd/

/ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɜːd/

From humming (noun) + bird, in reference to the humming sound made by the rapidly moving wings.

Soon I hear the low all-pervading hum of an approaching hummingbird circling above the rock, …

1857 Thoreau, Henry David, journal entry, May 29, 1857. From Thoreau on Birds: notes on New England birds from the Journals of Henry David Thoreau, Boston: Beacon Press, 1993, p238. (Originally published as the anthology Thoreau's bird-lore, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1910, edited by Francis H. Allen.)

Beyond the veranda was a small cleared garden, bounded with cactus hedges and adorned with clumps of flowering shrubs, round which the great blue butterflies and the tiny humming-birds fluttered and darted in crescents of sparkling light.

1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

Any of various small American birds in the family Trochilidae that have the ability to hover.

ɬikònɬa

any of various small American birds in the family Trochilidae


piebald

en-adj

piebald (comparative more piebald, superlative most piebald)

more piebald (comparative)
most piebald (superlative)

From pie (“magpie”) + bald (“having white patches or blazes”).

"Well, isn't that just like a girl. All this round you, and you only see a bit of dust. It'll brush off." He patted ineffectually at his piebald shirt.

1965, Susan Cooper, Over Sea, Under Stone, page 20:

Usually, however, the hitcher was standing exactly where she'd first passed him, his arm perhaps just marginally less erect, his clothing (if rain was setting in) just that little bit more piebald.

2001, Michel Faber, Under the Skin, page 4:

The classic example of a piebald dog is the Dalmatian.

2011, Stanley Coren, Sarah Hodgson, Understanding Your Dog For Dummies:

Spotted or blotched, especially in black and white.

And at the present day, the wanton introduction of scientific terms from the Greek and Latin, and of phrases from the French, threatens to render our tongue still more piebald, heterogeneous and unwieldy.

1839, Charles Hodge, Henry Boynton Smith, “The Origin and Variations of the English Language”, in The Biblical Repertory and Princeton Review, volume XI, page 544:

Hence you will make the piebald Church more piebald than ever.

1864, T. E. Espin, Supply and Training of Ministers, in Church of England, Report of the Proceedings of the Church Congress [1863], page 67

Out there on the stage is the largest — and most piebald — rock band in captivity.

1970, “Time”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), volume 95, page 67:

(figuratively) Of mixed character, heterogeneous.


piebald

Our neighbour's fancy was for piebald horses, and so strong was it that he wished not to have any one-coloured animals in his herd, despite the fact that he bred horses for sale and that piebalds were not so popular as horses of a more normal colouring.

1918, William Henry Hudson, Far Away and Long Ago, page 91:


greenfinch

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *grōniz
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-ih₂
Proto-Germanic *-į̄
Proto-West Germanic *-ī
Proto-West Germanic *grōnī
Old English grēne
Middle English grene
English green
Proto-Indo-European *(s)ping-
Proto-Germanic *finkiz
Proto-Indo-European *(s)ping-
Proto-Germanic *finkô
Old English finċ
Middle English fynch
English finch
English greenfinch
Compound of green + finch.

etymon

Chloris chloris
Chloris chloris#Translingual

Any bird within the genus Chloris (formerly a subset of the genus Carduelis), small passerine songbirds with yellow-green plumage, found throughout Europe and Asia.

European greenfinch, a common Old World finch (Chloris chloris, syn. Carduelis chloris), mainly green with yellow in the wings and tail.


harrier

Any of several birds of prey in the genus Circus of the subfamily Circinae which fly low over meadows and marshes and hunt small mammals or birds.


serin

Borrowed from French serin. Doublet of siren.

Any of various small finches in the genus Serinus, with largely yellow plumage.


bullfinch

Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Pyrrhula pyrrhula#Translingual

The Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula).


yellowhammer

Alteration (influenced by hammer) of earlier yelambre, yelamber, from Middle English *yelwambre, from yelwe (“yellow”) + *ambre (“yellowhammer”), from Old English amore, related to Old High German amaro (“yellowhammer”) (see modern German Ammer).

Colaptes auratus
Colaptes auratus#Translingual

(US) The northern flicker, Colaptes auratus.


wagtail

From a partial suppletion of Middle English wagstert (literally “wag-tail”), equivalent to wag + tail.

field wagtail

Motacilla flava and M. tschutschensis, syn. Budytes spp.

white-browed wagtail (Motacilla maderaspatensis

Any of various small passerine birds, principally of genus Motacilla, of the Old World, notable for their long tails.


redstart

Inherited from Middle English *redstert; equivalent to red + start (“tail”). Compare Dutch roodstaart, Danish rødstjert.

(Canada, US) A species of warbler native to the Americas, Setophaga ruticilla, only distantly related to Phoenicurus.


firecrest

A very small passerine bird, Regulus ignicapilla, that breeds in Eurasia.


woodcock

From Middle English wodecocke, wode-koc, wodekok, from Old English wudecocc, wuducoc, equivalent to wood + cock.

the patrolling flight pattern of the woodcock

"[A]h, that was the woodcock and the goatsucker - yes, yes! it sounds strange to him, that hasn't heard him[.]"

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 286:

Any of several wading birds in the genus Scolopax, of the family Scolopacidae, characterised by a long slender bill and cryptic brown and blackish plumage.


gadwall

Origin unknown. In use since the 17th century.

unknown

Origin unknown

Mareca strepera
Mareca strepera#Translingual

Anas strepera
Anas strepera#Translingual

A common, widespread dabbling duck which breeds in the northern hemisphere (Mareca strepera, syn. Anas strepera).


shelduck

Any of various waterfowl of the genus Tadorna, native to Eurasia, Africa and Australasia.


parrakeet

Another bird quickly learned to imitate the song of a canary that was mated with it, but as the parrakeet improved in the performance the canary degenerated, and came at last to mingle the other bird's harsh chitterings with its own proper music.

1870, Shirley Hibberd, Rustic Adornments for Homes of Taste, page 170:


goldcrest

Regulus regulus
Regulus regulus#Translingual

A very small passerine bird, Regulus regulus, that breeds in Eurasia.


lorikeet

Any of various small, brightly coloured parrots native to Australasia. They are usually classified in the subfamily Loriinae.


fighting fish

en-noun

fighting fish (plural fighting fishes or fighting fish)

fighting fishes (plural)
fighting fish (plural)

Betta splendens
Betta splendens#Translingual

A small aggressive freshwater fish originating from Thailand, popular as aquarium fish, Betta splendens.


ruffed lemur

Ruffed lemurs inhabit the eastern rain forest from the Masoala Peninsula to just south of Ranomafana (see Figure 2).

1999, Phyllis Dolhinow, Agustín Fuentes, The Nonhuman Primates, page 128:

These ruffed lemur groups engage in loud, barking chorus vocalizations that are regarded as alarm calls, as well as catlike, long, wailing howls that are presumably territorial in nature.

2007, Friderun Ankel-Simons, Primate Anatomy: An Introduction, page 63:

Ruffed lemurs (genus Varecia) are the largest and arguably most impressive members of the Lemuridae family.

2014, Daniel Austin, Madagascar Wildlife, page 71:

Any of several nocturnal lemurs of the genus Varecia, from Madagascar that have white ruffs around the face.


lory

From Malay luri, name of kind of parrot, said to be a dialectal variant of Malay nuri. Doublet of lourie.


binturong

Arctictis binturong
Arctictis binturong#Translingual

A large species of civet, Arctictis binturong, of southern Asia.


garganey

From the Italian/Lombard language word gargenei, variant of garganello, by dissimilation of earlier *gargalella, diminutive of *gargala, ultimately from Late Latin gargala (“tracheal artery”), from the root *garg (“throat”), imitative of gargling, see also Ancient Greek γαργαρεών (gargareṓn, “uvula, trachea”).
The English usage owes its origins to Conrad Gesner, who used the Italian name in the third volume of his Historiae Animalium (History of Animals) of 1555.

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

Anas querquedula
Anas querquedula#Translingual

A small dabbling duck, Anas querquedula, that breeds in much of Europe and western Asia, and winters in Africa.


razorbill

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-razorbill.wav

A large black and white auk, Alca torda, native to the north Atlantic.


smew

unknown

Origin unknown

Mergellus albellus
Mergellus albellus#Translingual

A small compact diving duck, Mergellus albellus, that breeds in the northern taiga of Europe and Asia and winters on sheltered coasts or inland lakes.


pintail

A pintail duck, a type of dabbling duck with a characteristic pointed tail.

A northern pintail, Anas acuta, a dabbling duck of the northern hemisphere that has a long pointed tail.

Gallinago stenura
Gallinago stenura#Translingual

The collar is placed over the fastener pintail and the installation tool is placed over the pintail. The tool pulls on the pin drawing the parts together until the collar is swaged into locking grooves.

1994, James William Fitch, Motor Truck Engineering Handbook, page 110:

(engineering) The end of a fastening pin or mandrel on a Huckbolt or pop rivet that is broken off when installation is complete.


phalarope

From New Latin Phalaropus, formed irregularly from Ancient Greek φαλαρίς (phalarís, “coot”) + πούς (poús, “foot”).

com

Any of three small wading birds in the genus Phalaropus, of the family Scolopacidae, that have lobed toes.


roadrunner

/ˈɹəʊdˌɹʌnə/

/ˈɹoʊdˌɹʌnɚ/

From road + runner, probably a calque of Spanish correcaminos (“roadrunner”), from correr (“to run”) + caminos (“roads”).

calque

Geococcyx velox
Geococcyx velox#Translingual

Geococcyx californianus
Geococcyx californianus#Translingual

Either of two species of fast-running bird in the genus Geococcyx of the cuckoo family native to North and Central America, the lesser roadrunner (Geococcyx velox) and, especially, the greater roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus).


secretary bird

/ˈsɛkɹəˌtɛɹɪ bɜːd/

Probably so named because its crest of long feathers resembles quill pens stuck behind the ears of an office clerk. Alternatively, possibly from Arabic صَقْر اَلطَّائِر (ṣaqr aṭ-ṭāʔir, “hunter bird”), from صَقْر (ṣaqr, “falcon, hawk”) طَائِر (ṭāʔir, “bird”).

uder

صَقْر اَلطَّائِر

Sagittarius serpentarius
Sagittarius serpentarius#Translingual

A large terrestrial bird of prey, Sagittarius serpentarius, native to Africa with very long legs that preys on reptiles, especially snakes.


turnstone

Arenaria interpres
Arenaria interpres#Translingual

Arenaria melanocephala
Arenaria melanocephala#Translingual

Either of two species of coastal wading bird, Arenaria interpres and Arenaria melanocephala, that breed in the Arctic and readily turn stones or seaweed looking for hidden invertebrates.


whinchat

Saxicola rubetra
Saxicola rubetra#Translingual

A small Old World songbird, Saxicola rubetra, that feeds on insects.

haltsooítah dǫ́ʼiiyiyiitsahí bitéél diniltsxooígíí


blackcap

Other times the cat would run off to the hunting grounds, either the swamps or the Astroni, and when the hunters shot down an oriole or a great tit or a blackcap [translating capofuscolo], she collected them and presented them to the king with the same message.

2007, Giambattista Basile, translated by Nancy L. Canepa, Tale of Tales, Penguin, II.4:

black-capped chickadee
black-capped chickadee

(obsolete, UK, US, dialectal) Any of various species of titmouse (of the family Paridae), including the black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus, syn. Parus atricapillus).


stonechat

Any of various small Old World passerine birds of the genus Saxicola that feed on insects.


shearwater

Macronesian shearwater

Puffinus lherminieri baroli or Puffinus baroli

Persian shearwater

Puffinus lherminieri persicus or Puffinus persicus

tropical shearwater

Puffinus lherminieri bailloni or Puffinus bailloni

At first I would not eat a frigate bird, a booby or a shearwater, but after a few months on the island I tried one broiled over coconut-shell coals, and I have never since missed an opportunity for such a feast.

1929, Robert Dean Frisbee, The Book of Puka-Puka, Eland, published 2019, page 53:

Any of the long-winged pelagic seabirds of the family Procellariidae in genera Puffinus, Ardenna, and Calonectris, that breed on islands and coastal cliffs.

(by extension) Any of the entire family Procellariidae, including certain of the petrels.


bluebird

Any of various North American birds of the genus Sialia in the thrush family. Their plumage is blue or blue and red.


bantam

Borrowed from Dutch Bantam (Banten province in Java).

From the dairy we passed into the poultry-yard; and there I was introduced to a train of milk-white turkeys, and fowls of the same colour, a few bantams, and three galenies, Mrs. Helen's especial favourites, […]

1829, Caroline Bowles Southey, Chapters on Churchyards, page 114:

Any of several small chickens, especially of a breed that is a miniature version of another breed.


bantam

Dragonflies may be bantam, but their appetite is bottomless.

2013 April 1, Natalie Angier, “Nature’s Drone, Pretty and Deadly”, in The New York Times:


wood grouse

en-noun

wood grouse (plural wood grouses or wood grouse)

wood grouses (plural)
wood grouse (plural)

Tetrao urogallus
Tetrao urogallus#Translingual

(ornithology) The capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus.


bluethroat

Luscinia svecica
Luscinia svecica#Translingual

A small Old World passerine bird, of species Luscinia svecica, the male in spring having a bright blue throat.


gyrfalcon

/ˈdʒɜːfɔːlkən/

/ˈd͡ʒɝˌfælkən/

From Old French gerfaucon (modern French gerfaut), with the first element probably from Old High German gīr (“vulture”) (whence the German Geier).

[T]he usurper Buljan ordered that his sukkah be erected on the donjon's roof, with its […] relative nearness to the stars, among which his sky-worshiping and uncircumcised ancestors still hunted with infallible gyrfalcons for celestial game.

2007, Michael Chabon, Gentlemen of the Road, Sceptre, published 2008, page 132:

Falco rusticolus
Falco rusticolus#Translingual

Falco rusticolus, a large bird of prey that breeds on Arctic coasts and islands of North America, Europe and Asia.


shoveler

From Middle English shoulere, shovellewre, shovelere, schoueler, alteration of earlier schovelerd, schulerde, schevelard (“shovelard”), from schovel (“shovel”), perhaps influenced by malard (“mallard”), on model of Middle Dutch lepelaar (“spoonbill”), with Middle English -ard replacing -aar and later itself replaced by Middle English -er, but not completely certain. Probably at least influenced by the shape of the bill and its feeding behavior.

Any of four species of dabbling duck, in the genus Anas, with distinctive spatulate bills.


twite

The Twite has the distinction of being the only European bird derived from the Tibetan fauna type.

1976, J. T. R. Sharrock, The Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland, page 420:

Twites also breed in southwest and central Asia – at up to 3,500 m asl in Tibet – and it is supposed that the European relict populations became isolated during the retreat of the ice age (Voous 1960).

1986, Valerie M. Thom, Birds in Scotland, page 331:

With subsequent climate warming, Twites in Europe followed the tundra north and became isolated.

2007, Simon Wood, The Birds of Essex, page 557:

Linaria flavirostris
Linaria flavirostris#Translingual

A small passerine bird, Linaria flavirostris (syn. Carduelis flavirostris), that breeds in northern Europe and across central Asia.


bloodhound

Inherited from Middle English blodhound, blodhond; equivalent to blood + hound. Cognate with Dutch bloedhond (“bloodhound”), Middle Low German blōthunt (“bloodhound”), German Bluthund (“bloodhound”), Danish blodhund (“bloodhound”), Swedish blodhund (“bloodhound”). The detective sense follows from the dog's ability to follow a trail.

cog

Someone stole our bloodhounds, but we got the backup bloodhounds to chase the first tier of bloodhounds.

2007, Xavier: Renegade Angel, season 1, episode 4, spoken by Police Officer:

A large scenthound famed for its ability to follow a scent many days old, over vast distances. This dog is often used as a police dog to track missing people, fleeing suspects, or escaped prisoners.


shoat

A sheep–goat hybrid (whether artificially produced or the result of animals from these species naturally intermating).


wheatear

Uncertain. Probably a back-formation from Middle English whit ers (“white arse”), after the prominent white rump of many species. Compare dialect forms white rump, white-tail. Possibly a compound of wheat + ear or white + ear. Attested since the seventeenth century as wheat-ears or wheatgear.

What abundance of Hens, Ducks, Geese, Turkeys, Pigeons, and Larks? [...] Maychit, Stint, Sea-Plover, Pewits, Redshanks, Rayles, and Wheat-ears, Herrons, Cranes, Bitterns, Bustards, Puffins, God-wits,

1669, Edward Chamberlayne, Angliae Notitia; or, The Present State of England, London: T.N. for John Martyn, →OCLC, page 6:

great plenty of the birds so much admired at Tunbridge under the name of wheat-ears. By-the-bye, this is a pleasant corruption of white-a—se, the translation of the French name cul blanc, taken from their color; for they are actually white towards the tail.

1796, Tobias Smollett, The miscellaneous works of Tobias Smollett, M.D. With memoirs of his life and writings, Edinburgh: J. Mundell, →OCLC, page 21:

Any of various passerine birds of the genus Oenanthe that feed on insects,

Oenanthe oenanthe
Oenanthe oenanthe#Translingual

especially, the northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe)


peregrine

en-adj

peregrine (comparative more peregrine, superlative most peregrine)

more peregrine (comparative)
most peregrine (superlative)

From Middle English peregrin, borrowed from Old French peregrin, from Latin peregrīnus (“foreign”). Doublet of pilgrim.

Not native to a region or country; foreign; alien.

(astrology, of a planet) Lacking essential debility.


bird of paradise

en-noun

bird of paradise (plural birds of paradise)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bird of paradise.wav

The first Europeans to encounter their skins were the voyagers in Ferdinand Magellan's circumnavigation of the Earth. Antonio Pigafetta wrote that "The people told us that those birds came from the terrestrial paradise, and they call them bolon diuata, that is to say, 'birds of God"."

A showy tropical flower of the genus Strelitzia, native to South Africa.


fulmar

From Old Norse fúll (“foul”) + már (“gull”) (cognate to English mew), evidently in reference to the foul-smelling vomit it ejects to deter predators.

In the southern districts, the Inuit hunted fulmars with bird darts from kayaks (Helms 1926). The Nipisat people may have hunted fulmar and great shearwater, probably using similar methods.

2004, Anne Birgitte Gotfredsen, Tinna Møbjerg, Nipisat - A Saqqaq Culture Site in Sisimiut, Central West Greenland, page 104:

In particular, fulmars have the distinctive trait of vomiting half-digested fish oil when approached on the nest and should be given a wide berth wherever possible.

2009, Gary Latter, “Scottish Rock”, in North, volume 2, page 383:

And why oh why is it always bloody fulmars following us about? Have they got nothing better to do, these silly lickspittle fulmars, than to ape every petty twist and turn of our hollow peregrinations? I'm sick of fulmars.

2010, Roger D. Taylor, Mingming & the Art of Minimal Ocean Sailing, page 290:

Fulmarus glacialis
Fulmarus glacialis#Translingual

Either of two species of pelagic seabird in the genus Fulmarus, Fulmarus glacialis and F. glacialoides, which breed on cliffs.


white bream

white bream (plural white breams or white bream)

white breams (plural)
white bream (plural)

A European species of fish in the Cyprinidae family (Blicca bjoerkna, syn. Abramis bjoerkna, Cyprinus bjoerkna).