bulldog

→ French: bouledogue

→ German: Bulldogge

→ Portuguese: buldogue

From bull + dog, in reference to bullbaiting.

A breed of dog developed in England by the crossing of the bullbaiting dog and the Pug to produce a ladies' companion dog, having a very smooth coat, a flattened face, wrinkly cheeks, powerful front legs, and smaller hind legs.

The original form of this breed, the British bulldog.

The bulldog's just gone to press.

"... playing bulldog in the yard so I know you're fit enough to fight. Have you decided when you're coming back?”

2008 08, Christ Kennedy, Two Sons Nelson, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 304:

[…] playing bulldog on the plaza in front of the meeting hall.

2010 April 29, Bill Svelmoe, Spirits Eat Ripe Papaya, Wipf and Stock Publishers, →ISBN, page 138:

[…] playing bulldog, that game where you have two teams, one team runs and the other one catches. You have to run from […]

2018, Avril Brock, Pam Jarvis, Yinka Olusoga, Perspectives on Play: Learning for Life:

Once Tyson skidded on some wet leaves when he and his friends were playing Bulldog in the park. As he lay on the ground they all laughed at him, even Ajay, and although he'd twisted his ankle, what hurt most was his pride.

2018 June 14, Irvine Welsh, A.L. Kennedy, Meera Syal, John Niven, Pauline Melville, Daisy Buchanan, Christopher Brookmyre, Zoe Venditozzi, Nina Stibbe, Mike Gayle, Murray Lachlan Young, Barney Farmer, 24 Stories: of Hope for Survivors of the Grenfell Tower Fire, Random House, →ISBN:

(chiefly UK, sometimes capitalized) The children's game of British Bulldog or Red Rover.


osprey

From Late Middle English ospray, from Anglo-Norman ospriet, from Medieval Latin avis praedae (“bird of prey”), a generic term apparently confused with this specific bird in Old French on its similarity to ossifrage.

fish eagle

a misnomer as the osprey is not an eagle, but compare some of the translations below

1594, George Peele (attributed), The Battle of Alcazar
I will provide thee of a princely osprey.

But (oh Jove!) your actions, / Soon as they move, as ospreys do the fish, / Subdue before they touch.

1613–1614 (date written), John Fletcher, William Shak[e]speare, The Two Noble Kinsmen: […], London: […] Tho[mas] Cotes, for Iohn Waterson; […], published 1634, →OCLC, (please specify the page), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

A pair of ospreys bred at a confidential nesting site in Co. Fermanagh in what has been described as like finding long-lost treasure.

2023 August 24, Mairead Sheehy, “'Like finding long-lost treasure': Ospreys breed in Ireland for first time in 200 years”, in Irish Examiner:

Pandion haliaetus
Pandion haliaetus#Translingual

A bird of prey (Pandion haliaetus) that feeds on fish and has white underparts and long, narrow wings each ending in four finger-like extensions.


venison

en-noun

venison (countable and uncountable, plural venisons)

From Middle English venisoun, venesoun, from Anglo-Norman veneisun, venesoun, venesun (“meat of large game, particularly deer or boar; hunt”), from Latin vēnātiō, vēnātiōnem (“hunt; meat from a hunt”), formed on vēnātus, perfect participle of vēnor (“I hunt”). Doublet of venatio and venation.

der

2007, Gregory Simon Bull, Marketing fresh venison in the Eastern Cape Province using a niche marketing strategy (thesis), page xcix


tarsier

From French tarsier, from Latin tarsus, from Ancient Greek ταρσός (tarsós, “wickerwork mat"; "broad, flat surface"”).

An insectivorous primate of the family Tarsiidae, having very large eyes and long feet, native mainly to several islands of Southeast Asia.


chinchilla

en-noun

chinchilla (countable and uncountable, plural chinchillas)

/t͡ʃɪnˈt͡ʃɪlə/

It's important to put a lot of thought into owning a chinchilla since they have a considerably long lifespan of 10 to 20 years.
Chinchillas are most widely known for their exceptional fur coat.

2004, Jamie Huggins, Chinchillas - from Pets to Profession, page 3:

Chinchillas inhabit high elevations (3,000–5,000m) of the Chilean Andes Mountains. The chinchillas kept as pet or research animals in North America are all descendents^([sic]) of 13 founders wild caught in 1927.

2008, Jeff Wyatt, “Chapter 17: Anesthesia and Analgesia in Other Mammals”, in Richard E. Fish, Marilyn J. Brown, Peggy J. Danneman, Alicia Z. Karas, editors, Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, page 469:

Chinchillas are long-lived rodents that are native to South America, primarily Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. The chinchilla is a hystricomorph (hedgehoglike) rodent closely related to guinea pigs, porcupines, and agoutis (Hrapkiewicz et al., 1998).

2009, Ron E. Banks, Julie M. Sharp, Sonia D. Doss, Deborah A. Vanderford, Exotic Small Mammal Care and Husbandry, page 125:

(countable) Either of two small, crepuscular rodents of the genus Chinchilla, native to the Andes, prized for their very soft fur and often kept as pets.

A variety of Persian cat with white fur and green eyes.


dinosaur

desc

→ Hindi: डायनासोर (ḍāynāsor), डाइनोसर (ḍāinosar)

→ Persian: دایناسور (dâynâsor)

→ Polish: dinozaur

→ Urdu: ڈایناسور (ḍāenāsor)

→ Urdu: ڈایناسور (ḍāenāsor)

/ˈdʌɪnəsɔːɹ/

From Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós, “terrible, awesome, mighty, fearfully great”) + σαῦρος (saûros, “lizard, reptile”). Coined as Dinosaur(s) and Dinosauria by paleontologist Richard Owen in 1841/1842.

der

"Not a bird, my dear Roxton - not a bird." "A beast?" "No; a reptile - a dinosaur."

1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

‘Dinosaur!’ Denham exploded. ‘By the Power! A dinosaur!’

1932, Delos W. Lovelace, King Kong, published 1965, page 80:

(proscribed) Any extinct reptile, not necessarily belonging to Dinosauria, that existed between about 230 million and 65 million years ago, as well as the stem-mammal Dimetrodon.


nutria

en-noun

nutria (countable and uncountable, plural nutrias)

→ Danish: nutria

→ Japanese: ヌートリア (nūtoria)

→ Korean: 뉴트리아 (nyuteuria)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-nutria.wav

From Spanish nutria (“otter”), from Latin lutra.

1986, Identifying and Managing Aquatic Rodents in Texas, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, page 13,
Nutria are native to South America and were successfully established in North America in the early 1930s as a new furbearing species.

Furthermore, nutria engage in the outright destruction of muskrat lodges to create nesting habitat for themselves.

2000, National Wetlands Newsletter, Volumes 22-23, Environmental Law Institute, page 8:

Myocastor coypus
Myocastor coypus#Translingual

(chiefly Canada, US) The coypu, Myocastor coypus.


gibbon

Reborrowing from French gibbon, folk etymology (compare English Gibbon) ultimately from a Northern Aslian language (compare Batek kəboɲ).

'[…] Suppose that in years to come, when the Church's troubles seem to be over, there should come an apostate of my own trade, a false historian, with the mind of Cicero or Tacitus and the soul of an animal,' and he nodded towards the gibbon who fretted his golden chain and chattered for fruit.

A small ape of the family Hylobatidae with long limbs, which it uses to travel through rainforests by swinging from branch to branch.


halcyon

Inherited from Middle English Alceoun, from Latin halcyōn, alcyōn (“kingfisher”), from Ancient Greek ἀλκυών (alkuṓn).

A tropical kingfisher of the genus Halcyon, such as the sacred kingfisher (Halcyon sancta) of Australia.


finch

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)ping-
Proto-Germanic *finkiz
Proto-Indo-European *(s)ping-
Proto-Germanic *finkô
Old English finċ
Middle English fynch
English finch
From Middle English fynch, from Old English finċ, from Proto-Germanic *finkiz (compare Dutch vink, German Fink), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pingos (“chaffinch”). Compare Welsh pinc (“finch”), Ancient Greek σπίγγος (spíngos, “chaffinch”), Russian пе́нка (pénka, “wren”), Sanskrit फिङ्गक (phiṅgaka, “drongo, shrike”).

mountain finch

Leucosticte spp.; Fringilla montifringilla

Carduelis carduelis
Carduelis carduelis#Translingual

Any Eurasian goldfinch (of species Carduelis carduelis, syn. Fringilla carduelis).


mink

From Late Middle English mynk (“fur of the European mink”), apparently from Swedish mink, mänk, menk (“stinking animal in Finland, mink”). Compare Danish mink (“mink”), Icelandic minkur (“mink”).

inh

The Minx […] frequents the water like the Otter, and very much reſembles it in ſhape and color, but is leſs; will abide longer under the water than the muſk quaſh, muſk rat, or little beaver: […]

1771, Thomas Pennant, quoting John Bartram, “Otter”, in Synopsis of Quadrupeds, Chester, Cheshire: […] J. Monk, →OCLC, page 240:

[Friday 7.] I ſhot three brace of grouſe, and found a mink in one of the traps which I tailed yesterday. [Saturday 8.] The ſame trap caught another mink to-day.

1792, George Cartwright, “The First Voyage”, in A Journal of Transactions and Events, during a Residence of nearly Sixteen Years on the Coast of Labrador; […] In Three Volumes, volume I, Newark, Peterborough: Printed and sold by Allin and Ridge; […], →OCLC, page 33:

Many of these birds are destroyed by Weasels and Minxes.

1831, John James Audubon, “The Great Carolina Wren. Troglodytes ludovicianus, Ch. Bonaparte. […]”, in Ornithological Biography, or An Account of the Habits of the Birds of the United States of America; […], Edinburgh: Adam Black, […], →OCLC, page 401:

He also said that minks, muskrats, foxes, coons, and wild mice were found there, but no squirrels.

1865, Henry David Thoreau, “The Sea and the Desert”, in Cape Cod, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 187:

The Mink, so highly valued for its fur, being an amphibious animal, is equally at home upon the land or in the water. […] The relentlessness with which trapping has been pursued has threatened, in some localities, the extermination of the Mink, and the legislature of at least one State has properly made it punishable by fine to kill a mink between the months of March and November following.

1873 March, O. S. Bayley, “Trapping the Mink”, in American Agriculturist: For the Farm, Garden, and Household, volume XXXII, number 3 (New Series; number 314 overall), New York, N.Y.: Orange Judd Company […], →OCLC, page 93, column 1:

Scientists are wondering if otters might help control the mink. Otters live in the same habitats that American mink do. They like to be near water, just as mink do. They also eat the same foods that mink eat.

2008, Susan H. Gray, “Scrambled Eggs”, in American Mink (Animal Invaders), Ann Arbor, Mich.: Cherry Lake Publishing, →ISBN, page 26:

Neovison vison
Neovison vison#Translingual

Mustela lutreola
Mustela lutreola#Translingual

(plural mink or minks) Any of various semi-aquatic, carnivorous mammals in the Mustelinae subfamily, similar to weasels, with dark fur, native to Europe and America, of which two species in different genera are extant: the American mink (Neovison vison) and the European mink (Mustela lutreola).

At one point, money was stolen from one of the bedrooms. […] Afte that, the family employees were often tested. [Katherine] Jackson would leave the alarm on the closet unarmed, the one in which she kept her minks, chinchillas, and other expensive furs.

2010, J[ohn] Randy Taraborrelli, “Son vs. Father”, in Michael Jackson: The Magic, the Madness, the Whole Story, updated paperback edition, London: Pan Books, →ISBN, part 5, page 255:

He had noticed Marilyn putting a flask into the coat of her mink after she talked to the Gent, and he was sure there had been nothing in the pockets earlier, when he helped her into it before she sang "Happy Birthday."

2014, Anna Godbersen, “Chapter Thirty-six: Los Angeles, June 1962”, in The Blonde: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Weinstein Books, →ISBN, page 313:

(plural minks) An article of clothing made of mink.

(Scotland, slang, derogatory, plural minks) A person with poor personal hygiene; a smelly person.


murre

Unknown, possibly imitative of the birds' call.

onomatopoeic

imitative

It may be that in one year alone, the Farallon murre population was reduced to the level at which it stood during the mid-1990s

1990, David G. Ainley, Seabirds of the Farallon Islands: Ecology, Dynamics, and Structure of an Upwelling-System Community, page 252:

1997, Robert Wayne Campbell, Neil K. Dawe, The Birds of British Columbia, Volume 2: Nonpasserines: Diurnal birds of prey through woodpeckers, page 296,
About 2,800 pairs of Common Murres breed in the province, most of which are in the Scott Islands off northwestern Vancouver Island.

2000, Susan Allport, The Primal Feast: Food, Sex, Foraging, and Love, 2003, paperback, page 52,
Staking out a spot involves not only the appropriate level of murre aggression (some murres are so aggressive that they throw their mates off the ledge) but, even more fundamentally, the ability to find food efficiently.

Any seabird of the genus Uria in the family Alcidae (the auks).

aráu

seabird of the genus Uria in the auk family


orc

From Middle French orque, Italian orca, and their source, Latin orca (“type of whale”). Doublet of orca.

(archaic) Any of several large, ferocious sea creatures, now especially the killer whale.


beak

en-noun

beak (countable and uncountable, plural beaks)

From Middle English bec, borrowed from Anglo-Norman bec, Old French bec, from Latin beccus, from Gaulish *bekkos, from Proto-Celtic *bekkos (“beak, snout”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bak-, *baḱ- (“pointed stick, peg”). Cognate with Breton beg (“beak”). Compare Saterland Frisian Bäk (“mouth; muzzle; beak”); Dutch bek (“beak; bill; neb”).


chipmunk

desc

→ Kashubian: szczipniôk (Canada, United States)

1832; alteration (influenced by chipping squirrel) of earlier chitmunk, from older Ojibwe ačitamo˙nˀ (“squirrels”) (modern ajidamoo), literally ‘those who descend headlong’, from ačit- (“headfirst, face-down”) (compare modern ajijibizo (“he falls headfirst”), ajidagoojin (“he hangs upside down”)). The English verb developed due to the high-pitched voices of the American puppet and cartoon chipmunks in the group Alvin and the Chipmunks, who later starred in a popular children's TV show in the 1980s.

A squirrel-like rodent of the genus Tamias, native mainly to North America.


fowl

Krio: fɔl

From Middle English foul, foghel, fowel, fowele, from Old English fugol (“bird”), from Proto-West Germanic *fugl, from Proto-Germanic *fuglaz, dissimilated variant of *fluglaz (compare Old English flugol ‘fleeing’, Mercian fluglas heofun ‘birds of the air’), from *fleuganą (“to fly”). Cognate with West Frisian fûgel, Low German Vagel, Dutch vogel, German Vogel, Swedish fågel, Danish and Norwegian fugl. Doublet of voël. More at fly.

Birds which are hunted or kept for food, including Galliformes and also waterfowl of the order Anseriformes such as ducks, geese and swans, together forming the clade Galloanserae.


Kerry

* As an English surname, from a personal name derived from Old Norse Kári.
* As an Irish surname, from Ó Ciardha (“descendant of Ciardha”), from ciar (“black”).

A ticket of John Kerry and John Edwards with, effectively, four first names, would send the wrong message to the world. Also no candidate has ever been elected president, with a girl's name like "Kerry" for a "surname".

2004 The Bulletin, Australia, "Hustling Hustings", February 25, 2004

A surname from Middle English derived from the place name, or from the Middle English given name Kendrick.

Kerry O'Leary - for so was he called to distinguish him from those of the name in the adjoining county - soon made his appearance in the court-yard beneath.

1845, Charles James Lever, The O' Donoghue: A Tale of Ireland Fifty Years Ago, W. Curry, published 1845, page 26:

A male given name transferred from the surname or place name.

A female given name transferred from the surname or place name, originally of Australian usage, also spelled Keri, Kerri and Kerrie.


Kerry

An animal belonging to a rare breed of dairy cattle, native to Ireland.


skink

From Middle French scinc, from Latin scincus, from Ancient Greek σκίγγος (skíngos), σκίγκος (skínkos).

A lizard of the family Scincidae, having small or reduced limbs or none at all and long tails that are regenerated when shed; a sandfish.


speck

From Middle English spekke, from Old English specca (“small spot, stain”), from the same ultimate source as Proto-Germanic *sprakô (“spark”). Cognate with Low German spaken (“to spot with wet”).

inh

A small etheostomoid fish, Etheostoma stigmaeum, common in the eastern United States.


amphibian

From Ancient Greek ἀμφίβιον (amphíbion), from ἀμφίς (amphís, “of both kinds”) + βίος (bíos, “life”).

An animal of the Amphibia; any four-legged vertebrate that does not have amniotic eggs, living both on land and in water.


marsupial

From Latin marsupium, marsuppium (“pouch, purse”), from Ancient Greek μαρσύπιον (marsúpion) or μαρσύππιον (marsúppion), variants of μαρσίππιον (marsíppion), diminutive of μάρσιππος (mársippos, “bag, pouch”); with English -al.

der

Any member of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia, including those where the female has a pouch in which it rears its young through early infancy, such as kangaroos, koalas, wombats and opossums, as well as the pouchless shrew opossums.

buideldier

mammal of which the female typically has a pouch


brownie

en-noun

brownie (countable and uncountable, plural brownies)

→ Belarusian: бра́ўні (bráŭni)

→ Chinese: 布朗尼 (bùlǎngní)

→ French: brownie

→ German: Brownie

→ Hungarian: brownie

→ Irish: donnóg (calque)

→ Italian: brownie

→ Japanese: ブラウニー (buraunī)

→ Lithuanian: braunis

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: brownie

→ Polish: brownie

→ Portuguese: brownie

→ Russian: бра́уни (bráuni)

→ Kazakh: брауни (brauni)

→ Spanish: brownie

→ Thai: บราวนี (bpraao-níi)

→ Turkish: brownie, browni, brovni

→ Welsh: browni

From brown + -ie (diminutive suffix). In folkloric sense, originally Scots.

Coordinate term: greenie

Depending upon the species, fishers may harvest along the ocean floor for many rockfish and other groundfish, while hake, pollock, and some rockfish species (i.e. greenies and brownies) are targeted with mid-water trawls.

2007, R. Quentin Grafton, Harry W. Nelson, Bruce Turris, “How to Resolve the Class II Common Property Problem? The Case of British Columbia's Multi-Species Groundfish Trawl Fishery”, in Trond Bjørndal, Daniel V. Gordon, Ragnar Arnason, U. Rashid Sumaila, editors, Advances in Fisheries Economics: Festschrift in Honour of Professor Gordon R. Munro, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, →ISBN, page 61:

(informal) A widow rockfish (Sebastes entomelas), a fish in the family Sebastidae.


primate

From French primate, from Latin primas (“one of the first, chief, excellent, noble”). So named due to the belief that primates are the “highest” order of mammals/animals. First attested in 1876.

der

Primates range from lemurs to gorillas.

(zoology) A mammal of the order Primates, including apes, monkeys, lemurs, tarsiers, lorisids, and galagos.


wandering albatross

en-noun

wandering albatross (plural wandering albatrosses)

‘Well, there are lots of different subspecies of them, but the wandering albatross sort of looks like a bigger, more aristocratic seagull, with webbed feet and giant gliding wings. They partner for life and can live up to fifty years. They fly enormous distances to get the right food for their young.’

2020, Paul Mendez, Rainbow Milk, Dialogue Books (2021), page 228:

Diomedea exulans
Diomedea exulans#Translingual

A large seabird, Diomedea exulans, with a very large wingspread.


paca

Via Spanish paca and Portuguese paca, from Guaraní paka.

Any of the large rodents of the genus Cuniculus (but see also its synonyms), native to Central America and South America, which have dark brown or black fur, a white or yellowish underbelly and rows of white spots along the sides.


slut

From Middle English slutt, slutte, slute (“a dirty or slovenly person, usually a woman, scullery maid; messy animal to prepare as food; slush, mud”), probably from Old English *slȳte (“sleet”), from Proto-West Germanic *slautijā, from Proto-Germanic *slautijǭ (“sleet, hail”), related to Proto-West Germanic *slaut (“puddle, ditch”). Compare Dutch slodder and slet, dialectal Swedish slata (“idle woman”), Norwegian sludd (“sleet”), and the dialectal Norwegian slutr (“sleet, impure liquid”). Doublet of sleet.

cog

(obsolete) A rag soaked in a flammable substance and lit for illumination.


crane

→ Burmese: ကရိန်း (ka.rin:)

→ Hindi: क्रेन (kren)

→ Irish: craein

→ Japanese: クレーン (kurēn)

→ Korean: 크레인 (keurein)

→ Malay: kren

→ Maori: kareni

→ Tagalog: kreyn

→ Thai: เครน (kreen)

From Middle English crane, from Old English cran (“crane”), from Proto-West Germanic *kran, from Proto-Germanic *kranô (“crane”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”).
Cognate with Scots cran (“crane”), Dutch kraan (“crane”), German Kran (“crane”). The mechanical devices are named from their likeness to the bird.

der

Ardea herodias
Ardea herodias#Translingual

(US, dialect) Ardea herodias, the great blue heron.


Arab

From Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab, “Arabs”) or back-formation from Arabic.

a. 1892, Charles Spurgeon, a sermon
You Christian people often see the little gutter children — the poor little arabs in the street — and you feel much pity for them, as well you may.

The other day I heard you complaining of the nuisance that small ragged street-boys are to you whenever you go out. […] You wished that some one would do something to clear away these little Arabs, as you are pleased to call them, so that a fine old English gentleman—as you are pleased to think yourself—might take his exercise in peace.


blue whale

But there are a rabble of uncertain, fugitive half-fabulous whales, which as an American whaleman, I know by reputation, but not personally....the Iceberg whale; the Quog Whale; the Blue Whale. But I omit them as altogether obsolete and can hardly help suspecting them for mere sounds full of leviathanism, but signifying nothing.

1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, page 131:

Balaenoptera musculus
Balaenoptera musculus#Translingual

A whale (Balaenoptera musculus), blue in color and the largest known living animal.


flapper

In this case, slide the collar of the flapper over the overflow tube until it seats against the bottom of the flush valve.

2004, David Day, Albert Jackson, Popular Mechanics Complete Home How-to, page 356:


porpoise

From Middle English porpeys, purpeys, borrowed from Anglo-Norman porpeis, purpeis, Old French pourpois, porpois, pourpais, porpeis (“porpoise”), from Vulgar Latin *porcopiscis (“porpoise”, literally “pig-fish”), from Latin porcus (“pig”) + piscis (“fish”). Compare (in transposed order) obsolete Italian pesce porco and Portuguese peixe porco; also Latin porcus marinus (“sea hog”), akin in formation to German Meerschwein, English mereswine. More at mereswine.

They captured 25 porpoises and set them free back into the Yangtze after raising them for a month in Puqi County, Hubei.

1991, Kaiya Zhou, Zhang Xingduan, translated by Luo Changyan, Baiji: The Yangtze River Dolphin and Other Endangered Animals of China, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 76:

A small cetacean of the family Phocoenidae, related to dolphins and whales.


wader

(chiefly in the plural) A waterproof boot that comes up to the hip, used by fishermen, etc.


dolphin

From Middle English delphyn, from Latin delphīnus, from Ancient Greek δελφίς (delphís), from δελφύς (delphús, “womb”); the modern form in -ol- is probably influenced by the pronunciation of Middle French dauphin. Compare Swedish delfin. Doublet of dauphin. Displaced native Old English mereswīn (literally “sea pig”).

ncog

A carnivorous aquatic mammal in one of several families of infraorder Cetacea, famed for its intelligence and occasional willingness to approach humans.

Tursiops truncatus
Tursiops truncatus#Translingual

Tursiops truncatus, (Atlantic bottlenose dolphin) the most well-known species.

Coryphaena hippurus
Coryphaena hippurus#Translingual

A fish, the mahi-mahi or dorado, Coryphaena hippurus, with a dorsal fin that runs the length of the body, also known for iridescent coloration.

(heraldry) A depiction of a fish, with a broad indented fin, usually embowed.

(nautical) A mooring post on a wharf or beach.

(US, slang) A person who buys shares on the primary market only to resell them immediately at a high profit.


hoary marmot

A rodent of the species Marmota caligata.


newt

From Middle English newte, newete, from rebracketing of Middle English an ewte as a newte (for similar misdivisions compare adder, nickname, apron, umpire, etc.). Middle English evete, eute, euete, ewte (“newt”), derives from Old English efete (“lizard; newt”). Doublet of eft.

A small lizard-like amphibian in the family Salamandridae that lives in the water as an adult.

eft

usually refers to the terrestrial phase of a newt


adjutant

From Latin adiūtō, frequentative of adiuvō (“assist”). First attested in 17th century. Or from Latin adiuvāns, present participle of adiuvō, from iuvō (“help”).

(military) A lower-ranking officer who assists a higher-ranking officer with administrative affairs.

Aquatic birds of various kinds are very numerous, such as geese, darters (Plotus melanogaster), scissor-bills (Rhynchops nigra), adjutants (Leptoptilos argala), pelicans, cormorants, cranes (Grus antigone, in Burmese gyoja), whimbrels, plovers, and ibises.

1876, "Burmah" in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. IV, p. 552

(zoology) Any bird of the genus Leptoptilos, a branch of the stork family (Ciconiidae) native to India and Southeast Asia.


adjutant

adjutant officer

Assistant; who helps a higher-ranking officer.


vanga

Any of several passerine birds, of the family Vangidae, from Madagascar


dovecote

If you haue writ your Annales true, 'tis there, / That like an Eagle in a Doue-cote, I / Flutter'd your Volcians in Corioles.

c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene vi], page 30:

she could see the malt-house with its dovecote

2003, Peter Ackroyd, The Clerkenwell Tales, page 2:

A small house or box, often raised to a considerable height above the ground, and having compartments (pigeonholes), in which domestic pigeons breed; a dove house.

աղավնատուն

house or box in which domestic pigeons breed


cockerel

From Middle English kokerel, equivalent to cock + -rel.

He had made arrangements with the cockerel to call him three-quarters of an hour earlier in the mornings instead of half an hour.

1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:


boxer

internal combustion engine
internal combustion engine

A type of internal combustion engine in which cylinders are arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft.


place

en-noun

place (countable and uncountable, plural places)

Pijin: ples

Tok Pisin: ples

From Middle English place, conflation of Old English plæċe (“place, an open space, street”) and Old French place (“place, an open space”), both from Latin platea (“plaza, wide street”), from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa), shortening of πλατεῖα ὁδός (plateîa hodós, “broad way”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“to spread”), extended form of *pleh₂- (“flat”). Displaced native Old English stōw, stede, and -ern. Compare also English pleck (“plot of ground”), West Frisian plak (“place, spot, location”), Dutch plek (“place, spot, patch”). Doublet of piatza, piazza, and plaza.

pleace

some English dialects: 18th–19th centuries; Scots: until the 17th century

all over the place like a mad woman's custard

lightning does not strike twice in the same place

lightning doesn't strike twice in the same place

lightning never strikes twice in the same place

there is a place and time for everything

there is a time and place for everything

there's a time and a place for everything

to win a bet on a horse for place

(social) A responsibility or position in an organization.

(horse racing) The position of first, second, or third at the finish, especially the second position.


windle

From Middle English windel, shortened from Old English windelstrēaw (“windlestraw, coarse grass or reed”).


braize

Wikispecies
Unknown. Perhaps akin to English barse (“bass, perch”) and English bream.

Pagrus pagrus
Pagrus pagrus#Translingual

A European marine fish, Pagrus pagrus, allied to the American scup; the becker. The name is sometimes applied to the related species.


aba

Gymnarchus niloticus
Gymnarchus niloticus#Translingual

An electric fish of species Gymnarchus niloticus (frankfish, freshwater rat-tail, African knifefish), found in swamps, lakes and rivers in Africa.


loaf

en-verb

loaf (third-person singular simple present loafs, present participle loafing, simple past and past participle loafed)

loafs (present singular third-person)
loafing (participle present)
loafed (participle past)
loafed (past)

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: loffe

→ Swedish: luffa

loaf about, loaf around

2015, Elizabeth Royte, Vultures Are Revolting. Here’s Why We Need to Save Them., National Geographic (December 2015)https://web.archive.org/web/20151213095110/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2016/01/vultures-text
They don’t (often) kill other animals, they probably form monogamous pairs, and we know they share parental care of chicks, and loaf and bathe in large, congenial groups.

(intransitive) To do nothing, to be idle.


spur

spur (third-person singular simple present spurs, present participle spurring, simple past and past participle spurred)

spurs (present singular third-person)
spurring (participle present)
spurred (participle past)
spurred (past)

From Middle English spure, spore, from Old English spora, spura, from Proto-West Germanic *spurō, from Proto-Germanic *spurô, from Proto-Indo-European *sperH- (“to kick”).

to spur boots

(intransitive) To press forward; to travel in great haste.


scar

From Latin scarus (“a kind of fish”), from Ancient Greek σκάρος (skáros, “parrot wrasse, Sparisoma cretense, syn. Scarus cretensis”).

der

A marine food fish, the scarus or parrotfish (family Scaridae).


moa

Borrowed from Maori moa, from Proto-Polynesian *moa (“fowl”).

The moas (order Dinornithiformes) of New Zealand are likewise extinct but almost certainly some still survived when Tasman first sighted the islands in 1642.

2000, Errol Fuller, Extinct Birds, Oxford, page 29:

For instance, the little bush moa fed nearly exclusively on forest vegetation, whereas the heavy-footed moa was a grazer in open vegetation habitats.

2018 April 4, Hanneke Meijer, The Guardian:

Any of several species of large, extinct, flightless birds of the family Dinornithidae that were native to New Zealand; until its extinction, one species was the largest bird in the world.


hurdle

→ Japanese: ハードル (hādoru)

From Middle English hurdel, hirdel, herdel, hyrdel, from Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”), diminutive of *hyrd, from Proto-Germanic *hurdiz, from Pre-Germanic *kr̥h₂tis, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-. Cognate with Dutch horde, German Hürde.

inh

He ran in the 100 metres hurdles.

(athletics, equestrianism) An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which athletes or horses jump in a race.

حَاجِز

artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race


nyala

Probably borrowed from Tsonga nyala. The alternative form is from Zulu inyala.

A southern African antelope, Tragelaphus angasii (syn. Nyala angasii), with thin white stripes in the grey or brown coat, a ridge of tufted hair running all along the spine, and long horns with a spiral twist.


poitrinal

The Poitrinal, Pectoral, or Breast Plate was formed of plates of metal rivetted together, which covered the breast and shoulders of the horse, it was commonly adorned with foliage, or other ornaments engraved or embossed.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 30:

Synonym of poitrel (“chest-armor for a horse”)


kite

The noun is from Middle English kyte, kīte, kete (“a kite endemic to Europe, especially the red kite (Milvus milvus)”), from Old English cȳta (“kite; bittern”), from Proto-West Germanic *kūtijō, diminutive of Proto-Germanic *kūts (“bird of prey”), from Proto-Indo-European *gewH-d- (“to cry, screech”). The English word is cognate with Scots kyt, kyte (“kite; bird of prey”), Middle High German kiuzelīn, kützlīn (“owling”) (modern German Kauz (“owl”)). Possibly a doublet of coot.
Sense 3 (“lightweight toy”) is from the fact that it hovers in the air like the bird.
The verb is derived from the noun.

leko

military aviation, slang: aircraft — see also aircraft

leija

sailing, slang: spinnaker — see also spinnaker

The milvus, or kite, is a native of Europe, Asia, and Africa. […] Its motion in the air distinguishes it from all other birds, being so smooth and even that it is scarcely perceptible.

1816, G[eorge] Gregory, [Jeremiah Joyce], “FALCO”, in A Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. … In Three Volumes. […], 1st American edition, volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: Published by Isaac Peirce, […], sold also by Coale and Maxwell, […], and James F. Shores, […]; Dennis Heartt, printer, →OCLC:

Milvus milvus
Milvus milvus#Translingual

Milvus migrans
Milvus migrans#Translingual

A bird of prey of the family Accipitridae.

Any bird of the subfamily Milvinae, with long wings and weak legs, feeding mostly on carrion and spending long periods soaring; specifically, the red kite (Milvus milvus) and the black kite (Milvus migrans).

But she said, "if this was a kite, he didn't realize that you don't have the float time of the old days," which made check-kiting easier.

1991 May 21, Alex Barnum, “Suspect named in kiting case”, in San Jose Mercury News, San Jose, Calif.: Mercury Herald Co., →OCLC, page 8E:

(banking, slang) A blank cheque; a fraudulent cheque, such as one issued even though there are insufficient funds to honour it, or one that has been altered without authorization.

The advantages which are alleged to belong to the district system [of banking] are the following:— […] as each bank will have an agent in London, the bills they draw will thus have two parties as securities, and the public will have a pledge that there is no excessive issue in the form of kites or accommodation bills.

1871, James W. Gilbart, “Section XI. The Administration of Joint-stock Banks, with an Inquiry into the Causes of Their Failures.”, in The Principles and Practice of Banking, new edition, London: Bell & Daldy, […], →OCLC, part I (Of Practical Banking), pages 324–325:

accommodation bill
accommodation bill#English

(finance, slang) An accommodation bill (“a bill of exchange endorsed by a reputable third party acting as a guarantor, as a favour and without compensation”).


kite

en-verb

kite (third-person singular simple present kites, present participle kiting, simple past and past participle kited)

kites (present singular third-person)
kiting (participle present)
kited (participle past)
kited (past)

извисявам

to cause (something) to move upwards rapidly

He was convicted of kiting checks and sentenced to two years in prison.

“An affair of honour!” said O’Flaherty, squaring himself. He smelt powder in everything.
 “More like an affair of dishonour,” said Toole, buttoning his coat. “He’s been ‘kiting’ all over the town. Nutter can distrain for his rent to-morrow, and Cluffe called him outside the bar to speak with him; put that and that together, sir.”

1863, J[oseph] Sheridan Le Fanu, “In Which Dr. Sturk Tries This Way and That for a Reprieve on the Eve of Execution”, in The House by the Church-yard. […], volume II, London: Tinsley, Brothers, […], →OCLC, pages 65–66:

The fame and money brought in by Only in America meant no more name changes, no need to kite checks, and no sneaking past the landlord.

2015, Kimberly Marlowe Hartnett, “Scandal and Resurrection”, in Carolina Israelite: How Harry Golden Made Us Care about Jews, the South, and Civil Rights, Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, →ISBN, page 163:

(transitive, intransitive, banking, slang) To write or present (a cheque) on an account with insufficient funds, either to defraud or expecting that funds will become available by the time the cheque clears.


morris

From Morris, the surname of its discoverer.

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909

(obsolete) The young of the conger eel or similar fish, originally thought to be a separate species.


rank

en-adj

rank (comparative ranker or more rank, superlative rankest or most rank)

ranker (comparative)
more rank (comparative)
rankest (superlative)
most rank (superlative)

From Middle English rank (“strong, proud”), from Old English ranc (“proud, haughty, arrogant, insolent, forward, overbearing, showy, ostentatious, splendid, bold, valiant, noble, brave, strong, full-grown, mature”), from Proto-West Germanic *rank, from Proto-Germanic *rankaz (“straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“straight, direct”). Cognate with Dutch rank (“slender, slim”), Low German rank (“slender, projecting, lank”), Danish rank (“straight, erect, slender”), Swedish rank (“slender, shaky, wonky”), Icelandic rakkur (“straight, slender, bold, valiant”).

cog

If Safford happens to be driving a "rank" horse, one that insists on getting away fast, he goes along with the rest, […]

1949, The New Yorker (volume 25, part 3, page 46)

(obsolete) Strong; powerful; capable of acting or being used with great effect; energetic; vigorous; headstrong.

(horse racing) Headstrong; difficult to control.


silk

en-noun

silk (countable and uncountable, plural silks)

From Middle English silk, sylk, selk, selc, from Old English sioloc, seoloc, seolc (“silk”). The immediate source is uncertain; it probably reached English via the Baltic trade routes (cognates in Old Norse silki (> Danish silke, Swedish silke (“silk”)), Russian шёлк (šolk), obsolete Lithuanian zilkaĩ), all ultimately from Late Latin sēricus, from Ancient Greek σηρικός (sērikós), ultimately from an Oriental language (represented now by e.g. Chinese 絲／丝 (sī, “silk”)). Compare Seres. Doublet of seric and serge.

you can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear

(horse racing, usually in the plural) The garments worn by a jockey displaying the colors of the horse's owner.


rack

From Middle English rakke, rekke, from Middle Dutch rac, recke, rec (Dutch rek), see rekken.

rappel rack

abseil rack

(climbing, caving) A friction device for abseiling, consisting of a frame with five or more metal bars, around which the rope is threaded.


bud

bud (countable and uncountable, plural buds)

From Middle English budde (“bud, seed pod”), from Proto-Germanic *buddǭ (compare Dutch bot (“bud”), German Hagebutte (“hip, rosehip”), regional German Butzen (“seed pod”), Swedish dialect bodd (“head”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bu- (“to swell”).

Hey bro, want to smoke some bud?

(usually uncountable, slang) Potent cannabis taken from the flowering part of the plant (the "bud"), or marijuana generally.

(US, Canada, Australia, slang, uncountable) Marijuana.


bounce

en-verb

bounce (third-person singular simple present bounces, present participle bouncing, simple past and past participle bounced)

bounces (present singular third-person)
bouncing (participle present)
bounced (participle past)
bounced (past)

From Middle English bounsen, bunsen (“to beat, thump”), cognate with Scots bunce, bonce (“to bounce”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps imitative, related to bump, or related to Middle English bonchen (“to pound, beat”) and Dutch bonken (“to bump”).
Compare Saterland Frisian bumzje (“to pound, bang, bounce”), West Frisian bûnzje (“to throb, bounce, pulsate”), Dutch bonzen (“to thump, knock, throb, bounce”), German Low German bunsen, bumsen (“to beat, bounce”), German bumsen (“to thud, bang, pound”).

unc

uncertain

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

(horse racing, slang) To race poorly after a successful race.


bounce

en-noun

bounce (countable and uncountable, plural bounces)

unc

uncertain

onomatopoeic

imitative

(slang, African-American Vernacular, uncountable) Drugs.

(slang, African-American Vernacular, uncountable) Swagger.

(horse racing, slang) The situation where a horse races poorly after a successful race.


placer

(slang) One who deals in stolen goods; a fence.


calver

As the adjective predates the verb, possibly from Middle English calver (“interspersed with flakes”), from Old English calwer. Cognate with Scots caller.

inh

calver salmon


calver

en-verb

calver (third-person singular simple present calvers, present participle calvering, simple past and past participle calvered)

calvers (present singular third-person)
calvering (participle present)
calvered (participle past)
calvered (past)

[A Grayling's] flesh will so easily calver that […][it] is very good meat at all times.

1676, Izaak Walton, Charles Cotton, The Compleat Angler:

(obsolete, intransitive) To bear, or be susceptible of, being calvered.


kookaburra

/ˈkʊkəˌbʌɹə/

/ˈkʊkəˌbaɹə/

/ˈkʊkəˌbʌɹə/

/ˈkʊkəˌbɝɹə/

Borrowed from Wiradjuri guuguubarra (“laughing kookaburra”).

bor

Any of several species of kingfishers in the genus Dacelo.


agrimi

A type of goat with long horns that curl back, native to Crete, subspecies Capra hircus cretica, sometimes Capra aegagrus cretica et al.


jail

en-noun

jail (countable and uncountable, plural jails)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जेल (jel)

Urdu: جیل (jel)

→ Punjabi: ਜੇਲ੍ਹ (jelh)

→ Welsh: jêl, jael

From Middle English gayole, gaylle, gaille, gayle, gaile, via Old French gaiole, gayolle, gaole, from Medieval Latin gabiola, for Late Latin caveola, a diminutive of Latin cavea (“cavity, coop, cage”). Doublet of caveola and related to cage. More at cajole.

(horse racing, uncountable) The condition created by the requirement that a horse claimed in a claiming race not be run at another track for some period of time (usually 30 days).

horse racing: condition of not being able to run at another track for some period of time

väliaikainen kilpailurajoitus myynnin jälkeen


stretch

Esperanto: streĉi

From Middle English strecchen, from Old English streċċan (“to stretch, hold out, extend, spread out, prostrate”), from Proto-West Germanic *strakkjan (“to stretch, make taut or tight”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)treg-, *streg-, *treg- (“stiff, rigid”). Cognate with West Frisian strekke, Dutch strekken (“to stretch, straighten”), German strecken (“to stretch, straighten, elongate”), Danish strække (“to stretch”), Swedish sträcka (“to stretch”), Dutch strak (“taut, tight”), Albanian shtriqem (“to stretch”). More at stark.

cog

time stretch analog-to-digital converter

(horse racing) The homestretch, the final straight section of the track leading to the finish.


silver fox

Vulpes vulpes
Vulpes vulpes#Translingual

A melanistic red fox (Vulpes vulpes) with silver to black fur.


lepper

(cattle) A type of Texas Longhorn, a subgroup of Butler cattle.


cracker

From crack + -er. From crack (verb), the sound made when one is broken. The hard "bread" and "biscuit" sense is first attested in 1739. The computing senses of cracker, crack, and cracking were promoted in the 1980s as an alternative to hacker, by programmers concerned about negative public associations of hack, hacking (“creative computer coding”). See Citations:cracker. Various theories exist regarding the term's application to poor white Southerners. One theory holds that it originated with disadvantaged corn and wheat farmers (corncrackers), who cracked their crops rather than taking them to the mill. Another theory asserts that it was applied due to Georgia and Florida settlers (Florida crackers) who cracked loud whips to drive herds of cattle, or, alternatively, from the whip cracking of plantation slave drivers. Yet another theory maintains that the term cracker was in use in Elizabethan times to describe braggarts (see crack (“to boast”)); a letter from 1766 supports this theory.

Brothers and the whiteys / Blacks and the crackers / Police and their backers / They're all political actors

1970, “(Don't Worry) If There's a Hell Below, We're All Going to Go”, in Curtis, performed by Curtis Mayfield:

Check this shit: You got cracker farm boy Luke Skywalker, Nazi poster boy, blond hair, blue eyes. And then you got Darth Vader, the blackest brother in the galaxy, Nubian god!

1997, Kevin Smith, Chasing Amy, spoken by Hooper (Dwight Ewell):

“You know that old cracker beat them boys.”

2019, Colson Whitehead, The Nickel Boys, Fleet, page 202:

(US, derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive) An impoverished white person from the southeastern United States, originally associated with Georgia and parts of Florida; (by extension) any white person (slang).


fiddler

From Middle English fithelere, from Old English fiþelere, from *fiþele. By surface analysis, fiddle + -er.
(capstan-house): So called because the fiddle would sometimes be played to cheer the sailors working there.

A large species of cicada, Macrotristria angularis, of eastern Australia; cherry nose.


dace

From Old French dars, nominative form of dart (“dace”). For a similar loss of r, compare bass.

(US) Any of various related small fish of the family Cyprinidae that live in freshwater and are native to North America.


oink

Mom swallowed a spoonful of pudding and looked Daddy straight in the eye. "Oink, oink," she said, to let him know he was being a male chauvinist pig.

"The tub is too small!" "Then, I'll go first and you'll have to wait!" "Chauvinist pig!" "Oink, oink!"

2003, Robert N. Mansfield, Randy Maas, The Assassin: Attack on America:

You are such a male chauvinist oink, oink. You think that you are the only one who can drive a car or fly an airplane.

2005, Alinka Zyrmont, Forbidden Passion:

Drawing attention to male chauvinism (from the term male chauvinist pig).


barb

PIE word
 *bʰardʰéh₂
From Middle English barbe, from Middle French barbe, from Old French barbe (“beard, beard-like element”). Doublet of beard.

der

(US) The sciaenid fish Menticirrhus americanus, found along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States.


seal

→ Punjabi: ਸੀਲ (sīl)

→ Sotho: sili

→ Swahili: sili

From Middle English sele, from an inflectional form of Old English seolh, from Proto-West Germanic *selh, from Proto-Germanic *selhaz (compare Scots selch,selkie, North Frisian selich, Middle Dutch seel, zēle, Old High German selah, Danish sæl, Middle Low German sale), either from Proto-Indo-European *selk- (“to pull”) (compare dialectal English sullow (“plough”)) or from early Proto-Finnic *šülkeš (later *hülgeh, compare dialectal Finnish hylki, standard hylje, Estonian hüljes).

The seals in the harbor looked better than they smelled.

A pinniped (Pinnipedia), particularly an earless seal (true seal) or eared seal.


musket

First attested around 1210 as a surname, and later in the 1400s as a word for the sparrowhawk (Middle English forms: musket, muskett, muskete (“sparrow hawk”)), from Middle French mousquet, from Old Italian moschetto (a diminutive of mosca (“fly”), from Latin musca) used to refer initially to a sparrowhawk (given its small size or speckled appearance) and then a crossbow arrow. The name was subsequently adopted for a heavier, shoulder-fired version of an arquebus, adhering to a pattern of naming firearms and cannons after birds of prey and similar creatures (compare falcon, falconet), a sense which was also borrowed into French and then (around 1580) into English. Cognate to Spanish mosquete, Portuguese mosquete. Smoothbore firearms continued to be called muskets even as they switched from using matchlocks to flintlocks to percussion locks, but with the advent of rifled muskets, the word was finally displaced by rifle.

Eurasian sparrowhawk
Eurasian sparrowhawk

Accipiter nisus
Accipiter nisus#Translingual

(falconry) A male Eurasian sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus).


charge

en-noun

charge (countable and uncountable, plural charges)

From Middle English chargen, from Old French chargier, from Late Latin carricō (“to load”), from Latin carrus (“a car, wagon”); see car. Doublet of cargo.

(farriery) A sort of plaster or ointment.


peccary

From Kari'na pakira (“collared peccary”), from Proto-Cariban *pakira.

He says he drank rainwater collected in his shoes and ate worms and insects while hiding from jaguars and peccaries, a type of pig-like mammal.

2023 March 1, “Amazon jungle: Man survives 31 days by eating worms”, in BBC News:

Any of the family Tayassuidae of mammals from the Americas, related to pigs and hippos.

بِيكَارْيَة

a family of mammals related to pigs and hippos

javelina

Southwest US, from Mexican Spanish 'jabalina'


quark

Finnegans Wake
James Joyce
Quark#Etymology

Coined by American physicist Murray Gell-Mann in 1963. The literary connection to James Joyce's Finnegans Wake was asserted later; see the Quark Wikipedia article.

coin

There were also particles no one had predicted that just appeared. Five of them […, i]n order of increasing modernity, […] are the neutrino, the pi meson, the antiproton, the quark and the Higgs boson.

2012 March-April, Jeremy Bernstein, “A Palette of Particles”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, page 146:

(physics) In the Standard Model, an elementary subatomic particle that forms matter. They combine to form hadrons, such as protons and neutrons.

كِوَرْكٌ

(physics) In the Standard Model, an elementary subatomic particle which forms matter


layer

We keep a flock of layers and flock of broilers.

A hen kept to lay eggs; a breed of chicken bred to maximize laying output.


dingo

Borrowed from Dharug dingu (“tame dingo”).

Dan was beginning to feel very depressed when suddenly the eerie howl of a dingo rang out[.]

1943, H. Lorna Bingham, The Lost Tribe, Sydney: Winn and Co., page 13, column 2:

Canis familiaris
Canis familiaris#Translingual

A wild dog native to Australia (Canis familiaris, Canis familiaris dingo, Canis dingo, or Canis lupus dingo).

Nahatʼeʼiitsoh Bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ łééchąąʼí ałchiní

(Australia, informal) A cowardly or otherwise despicable person.


dingo

en-verb

dingo (third-person singular simple present dingoes, present participle dingoing, simple past and past participle dingoed)

dingoes (present singular third-person)
dingoing (participle present)
dingoed (participle past)
dingoed (past)

(Australia, informal, transitive, intransitive) To behave in a cowardly or treacherous manner.

(Australia, informal, transitive, intransitive) To renege on an agreement or situation.

(Australia, informal, transitive, intransitive) To let down another individual.


butt

butt (third-person singular simple present butts, present participle butting, simple past and past participle butted)

butts (present singular third-person)
butting (participle present)
butted (participle past)
butted (past)

From Middle English butten, from Anglo-Norman buter, boter (“to push, butt, strike”), from Frankish *bautan (“to hit, beat”), from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to beat, push”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to beat, push, strike”). Cognate with Old English bēatan (“to beat”). More at beat.

һөҙөшөү

(intransitive) to strike bluntly with the head

Teacher! He just butted me!

Additionally, kids are pinched, fondled, propositioned, and hit; and it all goes unseen amid the general confusion and nonspecific orders from the cafeteria supervisors who are yelling things like, "Keep it down, you people!" "No butting!" "Wait your turn, boys!" All of which sound as though there is law and order, just no actual justice to the victim.

2016, Chandler, Dan, Bullying in Plain Sight: How Inattentive Adults Encourage the School Bullies, Mustang, O.K.: Tate Publishing and Enterprises, LLC, →ISBN, page 45:

(transitive, eastern Canada, parts of the northeastern US) To cut in line (in front of someone).


butt

From Middle English bit, bitte, bytte, butte (“leather bottle”), from Old English bytt, byt (from Proto-West Germanic *buttjā) and Old French boute (“cask”) and other etymologies on this page, all from Vulgar Latin *buttia. Doublet of boccia.

Again, by 28 Hen. VIII, cap. 14, it is re-enacted that the tun of wine should contain 252 gallons, a butt of Malmsey 126 gallons, a pipe 126 gallons, a tercian or puncheon 84 gallons, a hogshead 63 gallons, a tierce 41 gallons, a barrel 31.5 gallons, a rundlet 18.5 gallons. –

1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, page 205:

(English units) An English measure of capacity for liquids, containing 126 wine gallons which is one-half tun.


weaver

From Middle English wevere, wever, from Old English *wefere, *wifre, *wæfre (“weaver”, in compounds), equivalent to weave + -er. Compare Saterland Frisian Weeuwer (“weaver”), Dutch wever (“weaver”), German Low German Wever (“weaver”), German Weber (“weaver”), Swedish vävare (“weaver”), Icelandic vefari (“weaver”).

Any of certain spider species, such as the sheet weaver or the funnel weaver, so named because they spin interesting and characteristic webs.


mamba

Any of various venomous snakes of the genus Dendroaspis, native to Africa, that live in trees.


tarpan

Borrowed from Russian тарпа́н (tarpán), from Turkic (Kazakh or Kyrgyz тарпан (tarpan)).

It’s possible that wild horses, known as tarpans, survived in southern Russia until the nineteenth century, but these may have been hybrids, with genes from domestic horses.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 256:

An extinct Northern European wild horse, Equus ferus ferus.


possum

(US) An opossum, a marsupial of the family Didelphidae of the Americas.

Any of the marsupials in several families of the order Diprotodontia of Australia and neighboring islands.


tyke

From Middle English tike, tyke, from Old Norse tík (“bitch”), from Proto-Germanic *tīkō (“female dog”). Compare modern Icelandic tík (“bitch, female dog”), Faroese tík (“bitch, female dog”), Swedish tik (“bitch, female dog”). For sense 5, early 20th century: alteration of Taig.

(Australia, New Zealand, informal, derogatory) A Roman Catholic.


flounder

From Middle English flowndre, from Anglo-Norman floundre, from Old Northern French flondre, from Old Norse flyðra, from Proto-Germanic *flunþrijǭ. Cognate with Danish flynder, German Flunder, Swedish flundra.

Platichthys flesus
Platichthys flesus#Translingual

A European species of flatfish having dull brown colouring with reddish-brown blotches; fluke, European flounder (Platichthys flesus).

(Canada, US) Any of various flatfish of the family Pleuronectidae or Bothidae.


flounder

en-verb

flounder (third-person singular simple present flounders, present participle floundering, simple past and past participle floundered)

flounders (present singular third-person)
floundering (participle present)
floundered (participle past)
floundered (past)

Possibly from the noun. Probably a blend of flounce + founder or a blend of founder + blunder or from Dutch flodderen (“wade”). See other terms beginning with fl, such as flutter, flitter, float, flap, flub, flip.

(intransitive) To flop around as a fish out of water.


bay

From Middle English baye, baie, from Old English beġ (“berry”), as in beġbēam (“berry-tree”), conflated with Old French baie, from Latin bāca (“berry”).

(US, dialect) A tract covered with bay trees.


bay

From Middle English, from Old French baee, beee, from the verb beer (“gape open”), from Early Medieval Latin batāre. Compare Modern French baie. More at bevel, badinage.

There is a short bay at the west end of each platform, but neither is used for passenger trains.

1946 May and June, G. A. Sekon, “L.B.S.C.R. West Coast Section—3”, in Railway Magazine, page 149:


piggy

(derogatory, slang, UK, Ireland) A member of the police.


billy

Uncertain, but probably extracted from Scots billypot (“a type of cooking pot”), perhaps originally from the name Billy, a diminutive of William.
The condom sense from the E-Rotic song Willy, Use a Billy... Boy, referring in turn to Billy Boy, a German brand of condoms.

cog

A term applied to various machines or implements:

Let's get the billy and cook some beans.

We had been absent from civilisation, so long, that our tin billies, the only boiling utensils we had, got completely worn or burnt out at the bottoms, and as the boilings for glue and oil must still go on, what were we to do with billies with no bottoms?

1889, Ernest Giles, Australia Twice Traversed, published 2004, page 239:

Oh there once was a swagman camped in the billabong,
Under the shade of a coolibah tree,
And he sang as he looked at the old billy boiling,
'Who'll come a'waltzing Matilda, with me.'

1895, “Waltzing Matilda”, Banjo Paterson (lyrics):

Mother prepared a splendid picnic. […] Rugs, food and the black billy for making tea, were packed into the old baby buggy and we trundled it straight down Simcoe Street.

1942, Emily Carr, “Loyalty”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:

Over the fence, in a shallow gully 100 metres away, this guy and his wife were living on the dirt in the open weather with just a blanket, billies, a dog and a transistor radio. They didn't even have water.

2011, Rod Moss, The Hard Light of Day: An Artist's Story of Friendships in Arrernte Country, unnumbered page:

(Australia, New Zealand) A tin with a swing handle used to boil tea over an open fire; a billycan; a billypot.

kēna

A billycan, a small pot for heating water over a fire

(Australia, slang) A bong for smoking marijuana.


guano

en-noun

guano (countable and uncountable, plural guanos or guanoes)

Borrowed from Spanish guano, from Quechua wanu.

The guano, so extensively used for manure, is full of the most beautiful infusoria, some of them splendidly iridiscent; and there is no better method of testing the genuineness of this useful substance than by the microscope.

1799, Edwin Sidney, Blights of the Wheat, and Their Remedies, page 175:

In the second experiment, a comparative trial was made between guano and bone-dust mixed with coal ashes.

1844, J. Ridgway, Peruvian and Bolivian Guano, its nature, properties and results, page 22:

Low-grade phosphatic guanos can be mixed with coffee hulls and pulp, which contain a small amount of potash.

1918, Philip Lindsey Gile, The bat guanos of Porto Rico and their fertilizing value, page 60:

The great white bat has great white guano!


cervine

From Latin cervīnus, from cervus (“deer”).

The cervines are arguably Europe's greatest mammalian success story: the earliest type, Cervavitus, first appeared about 10 million years ago—in Europe.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: The First 100 Million Years, Penguin, published 2019, page 106:

A deer of the subfamily Cervinae; an Old World deer.


aquiline

en-adj

aquiline (comparative more aquiline, superlative most aquiline)

more aquiline (comparative)
most aquiline (superlative)

From Latin aquilīnus, from aquila (“eagle”).

Frank's aquiline nose jutted out from underneath his glasses.

He was about the age of two-and-twenty, among the tallest of the middle size; had chestnut-coloured hair, which he wore tied up in a ribbon; a high polished forehead, a nose inclining to the aquiline, lively blue eyes, red pouting lips, teeth as white as snow, and a certain openness of countenance—but why need I describe any more particulars of his person?

1748, [Tobias Smollett], chapter 22, in The Adventures of Roderick Random. […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] [William Strahan] for J[ohn] Osborn […], →OCLC:

Think of a genius not born in every country or every time: a man gifted by Nature with a penetrating, aquiline eye; with a judgment prepared with the most extensive erudition; with an herculean robustness of mind, and nerves not to be broken with labour; a man who could spend twenty years in one pursuit.

1791, Edmund Burke, Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs, London: J. Dodsley, pages 139–140:

Holmes looked even thinner and keener than of old, but there was a dead-white tinge in his aquiline face which told me that his life recently had not been a healthy one.

1903 September 26, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of the Empty House”, in The Return of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., published February 1905, →OCLC:

[…] Wani, whose smooth sleekness had been part of his charm, seemed to Nick to grow leaner and ever more aquiline.

2004, Alan Hollinghurst, chapter 11, in The Line of Beauty […], 1st US edition, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 283:

Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of eagles; resembling that of an eagle.

орлов

of, pertaining to, or characteristic of eagles


tigrine

tigrine (comparative more tigrine, superlative most tigrine)

more tigrine (comparative)
most tigrine (superlative)

/ˈtaɪˌɡɹaɪn/

Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the tiger.


ranine

ranine (comparative more ranine, superlative most ranine)

more ranine (comparative)
most ranine (superlative)

Relating to, or designating, a swelling under the tongue; also, relating to the region where the swelling occurs, especially to branches of the lingual artery and lingual vein.


leporine

/ˈlɛpəˌɹaɪn/

The adjective is a learned borrowing from Latin leporīnus + English -ine (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). Leporīnus is derived from leporis (the genitive singular form of lepus (“hare”)) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).
The noun is derived from the adjective.

The most frequent intestinal parasite of rodents is probably Oxyuris ambigua, but Strong. retortæformis is tolerably abundant in the hare, and Trichocephalus unguiculatus is liable to occur in all leporines. […] Acari infest rats and mice, and especially leporines.

1879, T[homas] Spencer Cobbold, “Parasites of Animals”, in Parasites; a Treatise on the Entozoa of Man and Animals, including Some Account of the Ectozoa, London: J[ohn] & A[ugustus] Churchill, […], →OCLC, book II, page 319:

It will be seen that the variability in any one formula (excepting the anomaly of m. ⁴⁄₄) is confined to the premolars; that these only vary in one instance in the Hystricines; and that the incisors only vary from ²⁄₂ to ⁴⁄₂ in the Leporines.

1888, Elliott Coues, “Order II.—Rodentia.”, in John Sterling Kingsley, editor, The Riverside Natural History, volume V (Mammals), London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., […], →OCLC, page 70:

+Trischizolagus has been proposed as a probable Oryctolagus ancestor, as well as for Lepus and other leporines, although no transitional populations have yet been found.

2008, Nieves Lopez-Martinez, “The Lagomorph Fossil Record and the Origin of the European Rabbit”, in Paulo C[élio] Alves, Nuno Ferrand, Klaus Hackländer, editors, Lagomorph Biology: Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, page 41:

The western Balearic Islands (Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera) have an insular history since the Miocene, and are famed for the unique caprine Myotragus (a goat relative) and endemic leporines (rabbits). […] [R]aptors coevolved with the insular radiations of rodents, leporines, and larger mammals.

2009, Trevor H[enry] Worthy, “Fossil Birds”, in Rosemary G. Gillespie, David A. Clague, editors, Encyclopedia of Islands (Encyclopedias of the Natural World; 2), Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif., London: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 321, column 1:

They [the Mexican volcano rabbit and the South African red rock hare] may be leftovers of a primitive stock because their distribution is peripheral to that of the advanced leporines.

2021, Alexandra van der Geer, George Lyras, John de Vos, “Japan: the Southern and Central Ryukyu Islands”, in Evolution of Island Mammals: Adaptation and Extinction of Placental Mammals on Islands, 2nd edition, Hoboken, N.J., Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell, →ISBN, page 370:

Synonym of leporid (“any mammal of the family Leporidae: the hares and rabbits”)


shag

en-verb

shag (third-person singular simple present shags, present participle shagging, simple past and past participle shagged)

shags (present singular third-person)
shagging (participle present)
shagged (participle past)
shagged (past)

From Middle English *schagge, from Old English sċeacga (“hair, wool”), from Proto-Germanic *skaggô, *skaggiją (“projection, bristly hair, stem”), *skag- (“to emerge, stick out, protrude”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kek- (“to jump, move, hurry”).
Akin to Old Norse skegg (“beard”) (compare Danish skæg, Norwegian skjegg, Swedish skägg). Related to shake and shock via the root.

der

And long curld locks that downe his shoulders shag

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

(intransitive, obsolete) To hang in shaggy clusters.


shag

Unknown. Perhaps a derivative of Etymology 1, above, with reference to the bird's shaggy crest.

He ran back and picked up a dead bird that had fallen. It was not a duck but a shag.

1941, Ernestine Hill, My Love Must Wait, A&R Classics, published 2013, page 7:

Phalacrocorax aristotelis
Phalacrocorax aristotelis#Translingual

Any of several species of sea birds in the family Phalacrocoracidae (cormorant family), especially a common shag or European shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis), found on European and African coasts.


shag

From Middle English schaggen, a variant of Middle English schoggen (“to shake; shake off; tremble”), of uncertain origin. Perhaps a byform of Middle English schokken (“to shake; move rapidly”), related to Middle Low German schokken (“to shake; tremble”). Alternatively, perhaps ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skakkōną (“to shake”), specifically continuing a post-Proto-Germanic variant *skagg-, where the non-singular stem *skag- caused the analogical replacement of the stem-final voiceless geminate consonants with voiced geminates, which was then leveled throughout the paradigm.

cog

Lizzy is a shag extraordinaire, but has a tongue like a sailor and a castrating stare.

1994 [1993], Irvine Welsh, “Cock Problems”, in Trainspotting, London: Minerva, →ISBN, page 87:

'It turned out that it was me who was just a shag to him. He had a girlfriend I didn't know about. He presumed I was up for some no-strings action. And the thing is, I thought I was – in theory. But in practice, I realized that I wasn't.'

2003, Freya North, Pip, Harper, published 2003, →ISBN:

"Was I just another shag to you, Trace? Someone to bed when the offer came?"

2008, Bruce Cooke, Trace Elements, Eternal Press, published 2008, →ISBN, page 56:

'Your favourite shag?' I ask her.
'Martin Kershen.'
'He was a sexy beast.'

2011, Wes Lee, “Saul”, in Zoe Dattner, Louise Swinn, editors, The Sleepers Almanac, No. 7, Sleepers Publishing, →ISBN, page 135:

(slang, vulgar) A casual sexual partner.


swift

en-adj

swift (comparative swifter, superlative swiftest)

swifter (comparative)
swiftest (superlative)

From Middle English swift, from Old English swift (“swift; quick”), from Proto-Germanic *swiftaz (“swift; quick”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)weyp- (“to twist; wind around”). Cognate with Icelandic svipta (“to pull quickly”), Old English swīfan (“to revolve, sweep, wend, intervene”). More at swivel.


swift

Swift (bird)
Swift (disambiguation)
Swift (textiles)

A small plain-colored bird of the family Apodidae that resembles a swallow and is noted for its rapid flight.

ҫыр чӗкеҫӗ

śyr č̬ĕk̬eś̬ĕ

, spiny lizard

As a guide to start your collection we'd suggest either iguanas, tejus, swifts, basilisks, horned toads or alligator lizards.

Any of certain lizards of the genus Sceloporus.

(entomology) A moth of the family Hepialidae, swift moth, ghost moth.


swift

en-adv

swift (comparative more swift, superlative most swift)

more swift (comparative)
most swift (superlative)

Light boats sail swift, though greater hulks draw deep.

c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii]:

Ply swift and strong the oar.


peewee

Probably reduplication of wee (“small”).

You separate the marbles by color until you have four groups, but then you notice that some of the marbles are regulars, some are shooters, and some are peewees.

2011, Jamie MacLennan, ZhaoHui Tang, Bogdan Crivat, Data Mining with Microsoft SQL Server 2008:

A kind of small marble in children's games.


chopper

Pomatomus saltatrix
Pomatomus saltatrix#Translingual

(Canada, US) The bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix).


plug

→ Gulf Arabic: بلاك (blāk)

→ Burmese: ပလတ် (pa.lat)

→ Japanese: プラグ (puragu)

From Dutch plug, from Middle Dutch plugge (“peg, plug”), from Old Dutch *pluggi, from Proto-West Germanic *plugi. Further origin unknown. Possibly from Proto-Germanic *plugjaz, but the word seems originally restricted to northern continental West Germanic. Perhaps ultimately from the same source as Dutch plag (“cut-out sod”), itself considered to be from a substrate.
Compare German Low German Plüg, Norwegian plug (“peg, wedge”, probably borrowed from Middle Low German), German Pflock (“peg”, restricted to Central German and phonetically divergent). Possibly akin to Lithuanian plúkti (“to strike, hew”).

unk

unknown

cog

I pushed the plug back into the electrical socket and the lamp began to glow again.

(electricity) A pronged connecting device which fits into a mating socket, especially an electrical one.

(loosely) An electric socket: wall plug.


avocet

→ Irish: abhóiséad

From French avocette, from Italian avocetta.

Any of four species of wading birds in the genus Recurvirostra, of the family Recurvirostridae, with long, slender recurved bills, long legs, and webbed feet. It is the logo of the RSPB (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds)


corgi

en-noun

corgi (plural corgis or corgies or (rare) corgwn)

corgis (plural)
corgies (plural)
corgwn (plural rare)

PIE word
 *ḱwṓ
Borrowed from Welsh corgi, a compound of cor (“dwarf”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”)) + gi (the soft mutation of ci (“dog”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”), perhaps from *peḱ- (“livestock; wealth”)).
The rare plural form corgwn is borrowed from Welsh corgwn.

der

By this time the Pembrokeshire—the short-tailed corgwn—were increasing in popularity very rapidly. The Cardiganshire variety lagged behind their more numerous cousins, but, even so, almost all the larger shows of this country had classes […]

1966 July 14, S. M. Lampson, “Sturdy Farm Dogs from Wales”, in John Adams, editor, Country Life, volume 140, London: George Newnes […], →OCLC, page 69:

[W]hich news item do we have to worry about and have a view on? Not, presumably, the fact that the Queen is going cool on corgies; probably not how space exploration is getting on; townies can maybe skip the fates of either cows or badgers.

2015 July 27, Katharine Whitehorn, “Need we follow all the news?”, in The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-03-09:

While larger, longer corgwn with tails were found in the lowland and hill farms of central and northern Cardiganshire, in the south a shorter, lighter corgi was more common.

2016, Janet Vorwald Dohner, “Herding Dogs”, in Deborah Burns, Lisa H. Hiley, editors, Farm Dogs: A Comprehensive Breed Guide to 93 Guardians, Herders, Terriers, and Other Canine Working Partners, North Adams, Mass.: Storey Publishing, →ISBN, page 200, column 1:

Participating pooches must be between 12-20 weeks old at the time of taping. This year, two labradoodles, a pomsky and a corgi are among members the Central Florida contingent.

2023 January 27, Patrick Connolly, “Meet the Orlando rescue dogs playing in Puppy Bowl XIX”, in Orlando Sentinel:

Short for Welsh corgi (“a type of herding dog originating from Wales, having a small body, short legs, and fox-like features such as large ears; two separate breeds are recognized: the Cardigan Welsh Corgi and the Pembroke Welsh Corgi”).

korgi

short for Welsh corgi — see also Welsh corgi


bashaw

Variant of pasha, several forms or relatives of which start with /b-/, e.g. Arabic بَاشَا (bāšā).

m+

Arabic بَاشَا (bāšā)

A very large siluroid fish (Pylodictis olivaris) of the Mississippi valley; the goujon or mudcat.


polo

en-noun

polo (usually uncountable, plural polos)

From Balti پولو (polo, “ball”). Cognate with Tibetan པོ་ལོ (po lo), ཕོ་ལོང (pho long), སྤོ་ལོ (spo lo, “ball”).

There were polo fields – sometimes green, sometimes brown – where in the old days, people had actually played that strange game that seems like a drunken bet about golf and horse riding.

2019, Namwali Serpell, The Old Drift, Hogarth, page 227:

(uncountable) A ball game where two teams of players on horseback use long-handled mallets to propel the ball along the ground and into their opponent's goal.

The game of ice polo, one of the ancestors of ice hockey; a similar game played on the ice, or on a prepared floor, by players wearing skates.


polo

From Spanish, an air or popular song in Andalusia.

A Spanish gypsy dance characterized by energetic movements of the body while the feet merely shuffle or glide, with unison singing and rhythmic clapping of hands.


briard

A sturdy, rough-coated dog of an ancient French breed.


cormorant

/ˈkɔːməɹənt/

/ˈkɔɹməɹənt/

PIE word
 *ḱorh₂wós
From Middle English cormeraunt (“great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo); other types of aquatic bird”) [and other forms], from Old French cormaran, cor-maraunt [and other forms] (modern French cormoran), possibly variants of *corp-marin, from Medieval Latin corvus marīnus (literally “sea-raven”), with the ending -morant possibly derived from French moran (“marine, maritime”), from Breton mor (“sea”), with -an corrupted in English to -ant. Latin corvus is ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱorh₂wós (“raven”), which is imitative of the harsh cry of the bird; while marīnus (“of or pertaining to the sea, marine”) is from Latin mare (“sea”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *móri (“sea; standing water”), possibly from *mer- (“sea; lake; wetland”)) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).
cognates
* Catalan corbmari
* Occitan corpmari
* Portuguese corvomarinho

nb...

cormaraunt, cormaraunte, cormerant, cormerante, cormeraunte, cormerawnt, cormerawnte, cormirand, cormirande, cormoraunt, kormorount

der

Th' Eele-murthering Hearne, and greedy Cormorant, / That neare the Creekes in moriſh Marſhes haunt.

1634, William Wood, “Of the Birds and Fowles both of Land and Water”, in New Englands Prospect. A True, Lively, and Experimentall Description of that Part of America, Commonly Called New England; […], London: […] Tho[mas] Cotes, for Iohn Bellamie, […], →OCLC, 1st part, page 27:

Thence up he [Satan] flew, and on the Tree of Life, / The middle Tree and higheſt there that grew, / Sat like a Cormorant; […]

1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 194-196:

The cormorant on high / VVheels from the deep, and ſcreams along the land.

a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Winter”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 170, lines 144–145:

I may mention, that I one day observed a cormorant playing with a fish which it had caught. Eight times successively the bird let its prey go, then dived after it, and although in deep water, brought it each time to the surface. […] I do not know of any other instance where dame Nature appears so wilfully cruel.

1839, Charles Darwin, chapter XII, in Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty’s Ships Adventure and Beagle, between the Years 1826 and 1836, […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, footnote †, page 256:

These pictures were in water colours. […] One gleam of light lifted into relief a half-submerged mast, on which sat a cormorant, dark and large, with wings flecked with foam; […]

1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter XIII, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume I, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 242:

The strong air would soon restore Jonathan; it has quite restored me. I have an appetite like a cormorant, am full of life, and sleep well.

1897, Bram Stoker, chapter IX, in Dracula, New York, N.Y.: Modern Library, →OCLC, chapter IX, page 117:

A man was swimming out towards them, his flailing arms black and defined in the heat-hazy radiance as the wings of a cormorant that skimmed the water.

1987, Nadine Gordimer, “Intelligence”, in A Sport of Nature […] (A Borzoi Book), New York, N.Y.: Alfred A[braham] Knopf, →ISBN, page 139:

Phalacrocorax carbo
Phalacrocorax carbo#Translingual

Any of various medium-large black seabirds of the family Phalacrocoracidae which dive into water for fish and other aquatic animals, found throughout the world except for islands in the centre of the Pacific Ocean; specifically, the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo).


bowfin

A voracious ganoid fish, Amia calva, the last survivor of the order Amiiformes, found in the fresh waters of the United States.


sally

en-verb

sally (third-person singular simple present sallies, present participle sallying, simple past and past participle sallied)

sallies (present singular third-person)
sallying (participle present)
sallied (participle past)
sallied (past)

Borrowed from French saillie, from sailli, the past participle of the verb saillir (“to leap forth”), itself from Latin salīre (“to leap”).

So I tucked my violin under my arm, and sallied out after the old budgy ragman, determined to ease him of his load at the very first lonesome corner I could track him to.

Adverse comment begins with uncomplimentary observations on the somewhat harder seats, then reaches a crescendo when it is discovered that the perverse and unhurried train is actually going to wait for another connection which is running late, instead of sallying forth at once for the benefit of those already on board and leaving latecomers stranded.

1942 July-August, “The Country Branch”, in Railway Magazine, page 194:

Along the Manchurian frontier was a 160km strip of land the US pilots dubbed 'MiG Alley'. Beyond it lay the North Korean, Chinese and Russian squadrons. From those airbases, MiGs sallied forth to attack the bombers striking North Korea.

2007 September 30, Andrew Salmon, “Dogfights and daring in Korea's deep blue yonder”, in South China Morning Post, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-03-03, Latest:

(intransitive) To set out on an excursion; venture; depart (often followed by "forth").


sally

(New Zealand, slang) A member of the Salvation Army.


sally

(slang, drugs, Canada, US) The crystalline or powdered form of MDA.


cinch

cinch (third-person singular simple present cinches, present participle cinching, simple past and past participle cinched)

cinches (present singular third-person)
cinching (participle present)
cinched (participle past)
cinched (past)

Borrowed from Occitan cencha, from Latin cincta, or from Spanish cincha (“a belt or girth”), from Late Latin cingula, from Latin cingulum. Doublet of cingle.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-cinch.wav

[Ostriches] also lack the tiny hooks, or barbicels, that cinch feathers together in most other birds.

2020 August 4, Richard Conniff, “They may look goofy, but ostriches are nobody’s fool”, in National Geographic Magazine:


auk

From Icelandic álka, from Old Norse alka (“auk”), from Proto-Germanic *alkǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁el- (“a kind of bird”). Cognate with Swedish alka (“auk”), Norwegian and Danish alke (“auk”), Swedish dialectal alla (“long-tailed duck”) (Clangula hyemalis, syn. Fuligula glacialis), Latin olor (“swan”), Ancient Greek ἐλέα (eléa, “marsh-bird”), Welsh alarch (“swan”).

der

Further afield, these auks are also in dire straits: Norway has seen vertiginous crashes, with hundreds of thousands of adult puffins in the once-teeming colony of Røst struggling to fledge any chicks in recent years.

2018 June 20, Louise Tickle, The Guardian:

Any of several species of Arctic sea birds of the family Alcidae.


leonine

The adjective is derived from Late Middle English leonin, leonine (“of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV”), from Latin leōnīnus, from Leo (“man’s name”) (from leo (“lion”): see etymology 1) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).
Sense 2 (“being or relating to a kind of verse with internal rhyme”) is said to refer to a (possibly apocryphal) medieval monk named Leo or Leonius who composed verse with this characteristic; his identity is uncertain, but the composer Léonin (also known as Leo, Leoninus, or Leonius; flourished 1135s–1201) has been suggested. Alternatively, the word may refer to Pope Leo II (c. 611–683): see the c. 1760–1761 quotation.
The noun is derived from the adjective.

The Nineteenth and Tvventieth Days vvere ſpent in ſeeing the Monuments of the Leonine City, the Vatican Church, the Palace and Library.

1712, [Bernard de] Montfaucon, “The Nineteenth and Twentieth Days. […]”, in [John Henley?], transl., The Travels of the Learned Father Montfaucon from Paris thro’ Italy. […], London: […] D. L. for E[dmund] Curll […], E[gbert] Sanger […], R[obert] Gosling […], and W. Lewis […], →OCLC, page 319:

Of or pertaining to one of the popes named Leo; specifically (in Leonine City), to Pope Leo IV (790–855) who ordered the building of a wall around Vatican Hill to protect what is now Vatican City.

Leon

of or pertaining to one of the popes named Leo


cobb

A hand-basket, especially made from wicker.

A building material consisting of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth, similar to adobe. Also called cob, rammed earth or pisé.


coney

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-coney.wav

(Jamaica) the Jamaican coney (Geocapromys brownii), a hutia endemic to Jamaica

Coney Island hot dog
Coney Island hot dog#English


brassy

Kyphosus vaigiensis, a fish found in southeast Asia.


cooter

Borrowed from Gullah cootuh (“turtle”), from an African language, e.g. Bambara kuta (“turtle”). Attested in English from the 19th century.

A freshwater turtle of the eastern United States of the genus Pseudemys.


dobbin

en-noun

dobbin (countable and uncountable, plural dobbins)

From Dobbin, a common name given to workhorses.

(UK, dialect, uncountable) Sea gravel mixed with sand.


bumble

* Verb: Frequentative of boom and/or bum, equivalent to bum + -le.
* Noun: From the verb.

(UK, Ireland, dialect) The Eurasian bittern.


chub

From chub (“short, thick fish species used as bait"; used metaphorically since 1558 for "lazy person”), from Middle English chubbe (“chub (the river fish)”), recorded since c.1450, probably an assibilated form of cub (“a lump, heap, mass”) and cob, from Middle English *cubbe (found only in derivative cubbel (“a block to which an animal is tethered”)), from Old Norse kubbr, kumbr (“block, stump, log”) and/or Old Norse kumben (“stumpy”), see kobbi.
Cognate with Icelandic kubbur (“block, cube”), Norwegian kubb, kubbe (“block, stump, log”), Swedish kubb (“block, log”), and perhaps to Icelandic kubba (“to hew, chop, lop”) and Russian кубышка (kubyška). More at cob, kibble.

inh

(by extension) Any of various vaguely related marine or freshwater fishes.


bonito

en-noun

bonito (plural bonito or bonitos or bonitoes)

bonito (plural)
bonitos (plural)
bonitoes (plural)

Making dashi is simple once you have katsuobushi (shaved, dried bonito flakes) and kombu (sea kelp), which have become increasingly easy to find across the United States. (You can also order them online.)

2022 October 19, J. Kenji López-Alt, “What Kenji López-Alt Makes His Family for Dinner”, in The New York Times:

Katsuwonus pelamis
Katsuwonus pelamis#Translingual

A large tropical fish of species Katsuwonus pelamis (skipjack tuna), allied to the tunny.


cony

From Middle English cony, back formation from conies (plural), from Anglo-Norman conis, the plural of connil (“rabbit”), from Latin cunīculus, of unknown origin. Cognate to Dutch konijn, German Kaninchen, Spanish conejo, and Portuguese coelho. The original pronunciation was /ˈkʌni/ (for the spelling, compare honey and money), but the similarity to cunt (and particularly homophony with cunny) led through taboo avoidance both to the word's displacement in the main by rabbit and bunny and to the spelling-pronunciation /ˈkəʊni/ becoming standard.

I were skynnes of conny, / That causeth I loke so donny.

c. 1517 (date written; published c. 1545), John Skelton, “Here after Foloweth the Booke Called Elynour Rummynge. The Tunnyng of Elynour Rummyng per Skelton Laureat.”, in Alexander Dyce, editor, The Poetical Works of John Skelton: […], volume I, London: Thomas Rodd, […], published 1843, →OCLC, page 108, lines 399–400:

I wear skins of cony, / That cause me to look so dunny.

ORLANDO. Are you native of this place? / ROSALIND. As the cony that you see / dwell where she is kindled.

c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], lines 344-346:

Oryctolagus cuniculus
Oryctolagus cuniculus#Translingual

A rabbit, especially the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (formerly known as Lepus cuniculus).

Locally for other rabbit-like or hyrax-like animals, such as the Cape hyrax (das, dassie) or the pika (Ochotona princeps, formerly Lagomys princeps).

שָׁפָן שפן#Hebrew

Procavia capensis
Procavia capensis#Translingual

Used in the Old Testament as a translation of Hebrew שָׁפָן (shafán), thought to be the rock hyrax (Procavia capensis, syn. Hyrax syriacus).

It is a most simple animal; whence are derived our usual phrases of cony and cony catcher.

(obsolete) A simpleton; one who may be taken in by a cony-catcher.

An edible West Indian fish, a grouper given in different sources as: Epinephelus apua, the hind of Bermuda; nigger-fish, Epinephelus punctatus; Cephalopholis fulva.


eland

Borrowed from Afrikaans eland, from Dutch eland (“elk”), from Middle Dutch elant, from obsolete early modern German elend, from Middle High German elen, see German Elen for more. Doublet of elk.

As a matter of fact, however, I had never seen an eland in a wild state before.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

A genus of large South African antelope (Taurotragus), valued both for its hide and flesh.


chug

Onomatopoeic, in imitation of a working steam engine. The racial slur sense derives from the stereotype of Native Americans chugging alcohol.

A homemade Cuban boat, built to carry emigrants to the USA, and often abandoned upon arrival.

(derogatory, ethnic slur) A person of Native American descent.


chug

en-verb

chug (third-person singular simple present chugs, present participle chugging, simple past and past participle chugged)

chugs (present singular third-person)
chugging (participle present)
chugged (participle past)
chugged (past)

Chug! Chug! Chug!

I can't believe he chugged three beers.

(transitive, colloquial) To drink a large amount (especially of beer) in a single action/without breathing; to chugalug. Usually chanted at the person who is drinking.

一口氣喝完

to drink a large amount in a single action


chug

A dog that is a cross between a pug and a chihuahua.


chug

I got chugged in the town centre today.

(transitive, UK slang, derogatory) To solicit charitable donations on the street, particularly in a persistent manner.


curlew

From Middle English curlew, from Old French courlieu (see French courlis), claimed to be imitative of the bird's cry but apparently assimilated with dialectal *corliu (“runner, messenger”), a variant of coureur (the bird is adept at running).

Any of several migratory wading birds in the genus Numenius of the family Scolopacidae, remarkable for their long, slender, downcurved bills.


caret

Eretmochelys imbricata
Eretmochelys imbricata#Translingual

(archaic) A kind of turtle, the hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata).


eider

From Icelandic æðar, genitive of æðr, probably reaching English via Swedish eider (now ejder), from a North Germanic root.

Any of the species of the genera Polysticta or Somateria, in the seaduck subfamily Merginae, which line their nests with fine down (taken from their own bodies).


civet

en-noun

civet (countable and uncountable, plural civets)

From French civette, from Italian zibetto, from Medieval Latin zibethum, from Arabic زَبَاد (zabād).

(countable, US) Any of several species of spotted skunk, in the genus Spilogale.


godwit

Origin unknown. A surface analysis would suggest Old English *gōdwiht as the term's ultimate origin, corresponding to good + wight (“creature”), but the term is attested only since late Middle English. The Oxford English Dictionary considers the term to probably have originally been imitative of the bird's call.

unk

Origin unknown

onom

imitative

My foot-boy shall eat pheasants, calvered salmons, / Knots, godwits, lampreys: I myself will have / The beards of barbels, served instead of salads […]

Any of four species of long-billed migratory wading birds in the genus Limosa, of the family Scolopacidae.


heeler

(US) A student journalist at Yale University.


gaper

From Middle English gaper, equivalent to gape + -er.

A comber, a fish of the species Serranus cabrilla.


culver

From Middle English culver, from Old English culufre, culfre, culfer, possibly borrowed from Vulgar Latin *columbra, from Latin columbula (“little pigeon”), from Latin columba (“pigeon, dove”).

Had he ſo doen, he had him ſnatcht away, / More light then Culuer in the Faulcons fiſt.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 281:

The palsie plagues my pulses
when I prigg yoͬ: piggs or pullen
your culuers take, or matchles make
your Chanticleare or sullen

c. 1620, anonymous, “Tom o’ Bedlam’s Song” in Giles Earle his Booke (British Museum, Additional MSS. 24, 665)

Then he walked on a little and came to a goodly cage, than which was no goodlier there, and in it a culver of the forest, that is to say, a wood-pigeon, the bird renowned among birds as the minstrel of love-longing, with a collar of jewels about its neck marvellous fine and fair.

1885, Richard F[rancis] Burton, transl. and editor, “Uns al-Wujud and the Wazir’s Daughter al-Ward Fi’l-Akmam or Rose-in-Hood. [Night 376.]”, in A Plain and Literal Translation of the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments, now Entituled The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night […], Shammar edition, volume V, [London]: […] Burton Club […], →OCLC, page 49:

Columba palumbus
Columba palumbus#Translingual

(now UK, south and east dialect or poetic) A dove or pigeon, now specifically of the species Columba palumbus.


eft

From Middle English evete, from Old English efete, of unknown origin.

Only these marishes and myrie bogs, / In which the fearefull ewftes do build their bowres, / Yeeld me an hostry mongst the croking frogs […].

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto X”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

How did he like it when the live creatures
Tickled and toused and browsed him all over,
And worm, slug, eft, with serious features
Came in, each one, for his right of trover?

1844, Robert Browning, "Garden Fancies," II. Sibrandus Schafnaburgennis

A newt, especially a smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris, syn. Triturus punctatus), of Europe.


oo

Wikispecies
From Hawaiian ʻōʻō, resembling its call.

On this visit I made careful inquiries as to the success of Mr. Gay's efforts to raise the "Oo" bird on this island.

1898, Liliuokalani, Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen:

Several years earlier, she had arranged to bring three pairs of the rapidly vanishing ʻōʻō bird from Hawai‘i island to Kaua‘i, hoping they would form a new colony.

2012, Julia Flynn Siler, Lost Kingdom, Grove Press, page 161:

Any of four Hawaiian birds of the genus Moho, formerly classed with the honeyeaters and now believed to be extinct.


goer

From Middle English goere, equivalent to go + -er. Compare German Geher (“goer, walker”).

2023, A. J. Taylor, Firefighting: Better than Working for a Living
[…] multiple calls on Southwark's ground. From the radio traffic it sounded like they had a goer.

(firefighting, slang) A fire incident in progress.


gaur

Borrowed from Hindi गौर (gaur), from Sanskrit गौर (gaura). Attested in English since the early 19th century.

[…] I am sure that the American bison is the grandest of them all. His only rivals for the kingship are the Indian bison, or gaur (Bos gaurus), of Southern India, and the aurochs, or European bison, both of which really surpass him in height, if not in actual balk also.

1889, William T. Hornaday, The Extermination of the American Bison:

Of the other ruminants the ox, buffalo, yak, goat, sheep and a few others are domestic animals, while the bison and the gaur, or so-called Indian bison, and a large number of wild goats and sheep have been neglected.

1914, Edward Hamilton Aitken, Concerning Animals and Other Matters:

An Asian species of wild bovine (Bos gaurus), of large size and an untamable disposition.


keddah

From Assamese খেদা (kheda, “to pursue; to chase away”).

der

(India) An elephant trap; an enclosure constructed to entrap wild elephants.


coot

Pediculus humanus
Pediculus humanus#Translingual


cocktail

→ Catalan: còctel

→ Czech: koktejl

→ Dutch: cocktail

→ Esperanto: koktelo

→ Finnish: cocktail

→ French: cocktail

→ Galician: cóctel

→ German: Cocktail

→ Greek: κοκτέιλ (koktéil)

→ Hungarian: koktél

→ Italian: cocktail

→ Japanese: カクテル (kakuteru)

→ Korean: 칵테일 (kakteil)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: cocktail

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: cocktail

→ Polish: koktajl

→ Portuguese: coquetel

→ Russian: кокте́йль (koktéjlʹ) (see there for further descendants)

→ Spanish: cóctel, coctel

→ Swedish: cocktail

→ Thai: ค็อกเทล (kɔ́k-teel)

→ Turkish: kokteyl

→ Vietnamese: cocktail

Early 17th century, from cock (“male bird”) + tail, in the sense “(a horse with its) tail standing up, like a cock’s”. The origin of the extension to “an alcoholic mixed drink” is unknown. One theory is that it refers to a simulant (gingering), hence a simulating drink; compare pick-me-up. Another attested use is for non-thoroughbred racehorses: these were considered "cock-tailed" due to their docked tails. This may have led to the term "cocktail" (sense 1) being used for an adulterated spirit.

A species of rove beetle, so called from its habit of elevating the tail.


jerker

A North American river chub, a hornyhead chub (Nocomis biguttatus).


ruddy

en-adj

ruddy (comparative ruddier, superlative ruddiest)

ruddier (comparative)
ruddiest (superlative)

From Middle English ruddy, rody, rudi, from Old English rudiġ (“reddish; ruddy”), from rudu (“redness”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -y. Compare Icelandic roði (“redness”).
The British slang sense expressing irritation is presumably a euphemism for bloody.

Drystone walls, farm buildings and stone cottages, roofed with ruddy tiles, line the way and blend gently into the surrounding countryside.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 143:

Frank, who is narrow and ruddy, and who tended to wear a shirt and tie with a cherry-red beanie pulled low over one ear, swapped his white butcher’s coat for a puffer jacket, and led me outside

2020 September 1, Tom Lamont, “The butcher's shop that lasted 300 years (give or take)”, in The Guardian:

Reddish in color, especially of the face, fire, or sky.


ruddy

In winter, snow geese land at West Pond, a Robert Moses legacy that ought to be called Duck Soup: at this time of year look for ruddies, greater scaups, Northern pintails, American widgeons and gadwalls.

2007 November 4, Deborah Baldwin, “Close to Nature, and the Airport”, in New York Times:

Ground doves — two ruddies are shown here — are so called because they feed on the ground.

1987, Jürgen Nicolai, A Complete Introduction to Finches, Tfh Publications Incorporated, →ISBN, page 89:

Understandably, birders in the U.S. are advised to carefully distinguish Ruddies from the usually more-expected Common Ground-Doves [...]. (Brightly-colored, pinkish adult male Common Ground-Doves have been misidentified as male Ruddies on several occasions, however.) Unless the fortunate birder happens upon a Ruddy Ground-Dove amongst a flock of sparrows, it will often be necessary to sort through innumerable Inca Doves.

Common Ground-Dove — Fairly common permanent resident of better-watered valleys at lower elevations. Avoids town [...] Ironically, Ruddies often ignore the little flocks of closely related Commons, and choose to associate with Inca Doves.

2005, Richard Cachor Taylor, A Birder's Guide to Southeastern Arizona, page 237:

Out-of-state birders seeking Ruddy Ground Doves should be aware of two things. Ruddies associate much more frequently with Inca Doves than with Common Ground Doves. In fact, in eleven personal sightings of this species in Arizona, I have never seen a Ruddy with a Common nor has anyone else I know. [...] Perhaps this is a slow invasion, and forty years hence Ruddies will be so common ...

2008, Jim Burns, Jim Burns' Arizona Birds: From the Backyard to the Backwoods, University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, page 28:


ruddy

en-verb

ruddy (third-person singular simple present ruddies, present participle ruddying, simple past and past participle ruddied)

ruddies (present singular third-person)
ruddying (participle present)
ruddied (participle past)
ruddied (past)

The sunset ruddied our faces.

It ruddied all the copse-wood glen

1805, Walter Scott, “(please specify the page)”, in The Lay of the Last Minstrel: A Poem, London: […] [James Ballantyne] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], and A[rchibald] Constable and Co., […], →OCLC:


brant

From New Latin/Medieval Latin Branta, latinized form of Old Norse brandgás (“sheldrake”), literally "burnt (black) goose," from Proto-Germanic *brandaz (“burning”) + *gans (“goose”).

I have given you roe and reindeer, / I have given you brant and beaver, / Filled the marshes full of wild-fowl, / Filled the rivers full of fishes; / Why then are you not contented? / Why then will you hunt each other?

1855, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “Book I”, in The Song of Hiawatha:

Branta bernicla
Branta bernicla#Translingual

(Canada, US) Any of several wild geese, of the genus Branta, that breed in the Arctic, but especially the brent goose, Branta bernicla.


hooper

Cygnus cygnus
Cygnus cygnus#Translingual

(ornithology) The European whistling, or wild, swan (Cygnus cygnus).