hern

Now for Swans & Ducks, and such like Birds of the Water, it is obvious to take notice how well they are fitted for that manner of life. For those that swim, their Feet are framed for it like a pair of Oars, their Claws being connected with a pretty broad Membrane; and their Necks are long, that they may dive deep enough into the water. As also the Neck of the Hern, and such like Fowl who live of Fishes, and are fain to frequent their Element, who walk on long stilts also like the people that dwell in the Marshes; but their Claws have no such Membranes, for they had been but a hindrance to those kind of Birds that onely wade in the water, and do not swim.

1662, Henry More, An Antidote Against Atheism, Book II, A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings of Dr. Henry More, p. 73


puffadder

Borrowed from Afrikaans or South African Dutch pofadder.

In the pools, too, was a species of small alligator or enormous iguana, I do not know which, that fed, Billali told me, upon the waterfowl, also large quantities of a hideous black water-snake, of which the bite is very dangerous, though not, I gathered, so deadly as a cobra's or a puff adder's.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

especially, a common puffadder (Bitis arietans), found in Southern Africa.


mossie

From Afrikaans, from Dutch mus (“a sparrow”).

Our four baby mossies have left the nest.

1963, Lady Joy Petersen Packer, Home from Sea, page 221:

Another highly successful species, which has become a serious pest of fruit, is the Mossie or Cape Sparrow. The male mossie, with his black and white head and rufous mantle, is rather a handsome little bird; his wife lacks the head markings, being grey-brown with a pale eye-stripe.

1969, J. M. Winterbottom, Cornelis Janse Uys, Some Birds of the Cape, page 93:

He laughs a deep laugh that rumbles up from somewhere in his drumskin stomach. It spooks the mossies on the overhead telegraph wire.

2004, Troy Blacklaws, Karoo Boy, page 78:

(South Africa) Any of various species of sparrow, especially Passer melanurus.


mahout

en-verb

mahout (third-person singular simple present mahouts, present participle mahouting, simple past and past participle mahouted)

mahouts (present singular third-person)
mahouting (participle present)
mahouted (participle past)
mahouted (past)

PIE word
 *méǵh₂s
The noun is borrowed from Hindustani (Hindi महौत (mahaut)/Urdu مَہَوت (mahaut)), महाउत (mahāut), variants of महावत (mahāvat)/مَہاوَت (mahāvat), from Sanskrit महामात्र (mahāmātra, “elephant keeper; high official; king’s minister”), from महा (mahā, “great”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“big, great”)) + मात्र (mātra, “measure; quantity”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.

ref

From the collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, England, United Kingdom.

der

First a team of six ponied pulling a miniature fire engine jumping with midget firefighters, then a dozen scantily mahouted elephants painted pink, came out of the arc light and sawdut into neon glow and mirroring asphalt.

1957 July, Edward Wellen, “Sweet Dreams”, in Larry T[aylor] Shaw, editor, Infinity Science Fiction, volume 2, number 4, New York, N.Y.: Royal Publications, →OCLC, pages 67–68:

Traditionally they are hunters and gatherers but today they are agricultural labourers. […] They are experts at collecting honey and mahouting.

2010, Rajeevan R., “A Socio-political Analysis of the Tribes in Kerala”, in Towards Political Empowerment: Political Socialization and Political Participation of Tribal Community in Kerala, Delhi: Kalpaz Publications, →ISBN, page 41:


ziege

From German Ziege, from Middle High German zige, from Old High German ziga, from Proto-West Germanic *tigā. Compare Old Armenian տիկ (tik, “wineskin”), Albanian dhi (“she-goat”), Ishkashimi dec (“goatskin bag”), and further German Zicke, which is cognate with English tick (“goat”).

An edible freshwater fish, Pelecus cultratus, of the order Cypriniformes, with an oblique mouth, a low wavy lateral line and a sharp-edged belly.


yellowbelly

The creeks gave us lots of food, too—yellow belly and jew, perch and eel.

1994, Rita Huggins & Jackie Huggins, Auntie Rita, in Heiss & Minter, Macquarie PEN Anthology of Aboriginal Literature, Allen & Unwin 2008, p. 151

(Australia) The golden perch, Macquaria ambigua.


goonie

Phoebastria nigripes
Phoebastria nigripes#Translingual

Any of several albatrosses, especially the black-footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes) and the Laysan albatross, that dwell primarily on islands in the Pacific Ocean, often near naval bases.


stone curlew

Any of several species of large terrestrial birds in the family Burhinidae.


leghorn

en-noun

leghorn (countable and uncountable, plural leghorns)

Mid 18th century: from Leghorn (“Livorno”), the place the straw and fowls were imported from.

(countable) A small white chicken of a hardy breed.


soare

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger


tombo

From Japanese トンボ (tonbo, “dragonfly”, a nickname for the albacore tuna).

bor

Thunnus alalunga
Thunnus alalunga#Translingual

(Hawaii) Albacore, longfin tuna (Thunnus alalunga)


brotula

A family of ophidiiform fishes, of the taxonomic family Bythitidae, who bear live young.


elkhound

Norwegian Elkhound, a breed of dog from Norway for hunting elk (US: moose).


bocaccio

A venomous marine fish, taxonomic name Sebastes paucispinis, in the subfamily Sebastinae found in the subtropical Eastern Pacific.


dolphinfish

en-noun

dolphinfish (plural dolphinfishes or dolphinfish)

dolphinfishes (plural)
dolphinfish (plural)

A large food and game fish of the Coryphaenidae family which is commonly found in tropical and subtropical waters.


burbot

Borrowed from French barbote, from Latin barba (“a beard”). Displaced native eelpout.

A freshwater fish, taxonomic name Lota lota, which is similar to the ling and the cusk and spawns in the winter.


mahi-mahi

mahi-mahi (plural mahi-mahis or mahi-mahi)

A large food and game fish of the family Coryphaenidae which is commonly found in tropical and subtropical waters.


lumpfish

lumpfish (plural lumpfishes or lumpfish)


futurity

futurity (countable and uncountable, plural futurities)

/fjuːˈt͡ʃʊəɹɪti/

(horse racing) A race for two-year-old horses, nominated to run when still foals.


cale

(Australia) Any of a number of marine fish in the family Odacidae


pitted tubeshoulder

pitted tubeshoulder (plural pitted tubeshoulders)

The palegold searsid (Maulisia argipalla).


lumpsucker

Any of the scorpaeniform fish in the family Cyclopteridae, with adhesive pelvic discs.


teardrop tubeshoulder

teardrop tubeshoulder (plural teardrop tubeshoulders)

A deep-water ray-finned fish, Holtbyrnia innesi.


shining tubeshoulder

shining tubeshoulder (plural shining tubeshoulders)

A ray-finned fish, Sagamichthys abei, native to the Pacific Ocean.


palegold searsid

palegold searsid (plural palegold searsids)

A deep-water ray-finned fish, Maulisia argipalla.


streaklight tubeshoulder

streaklight tubeshoulder (plural streaklight tubeshoulders)

A dark-colored deep-water ray-finned fish, Holtbyrnia latifrons, found near the coasts of America.


spanner barb

A freshwater, open-water, substrate egg-scatterer fish commonly found in the Malay Peninsula and Borneo, Systomus lateristriga syn. Puntius lateristriga.


brilliant rummynose tetra

brilliant rummynose tetra (plural brilliant rummynose tetras)


azoturia

azoturia (usually uncountable, plural azoturias)

(veterinary medicine) A condition that affects the muscles of horses, ranging from stiffness and mild cramps to the horse becoming unable to stand, with discoloured urine


rummy-nose tetra

rummy-nose tetra (plural rummy-nose tetras)


firehead tetra

A freshwater ray-finned fish, Hemigrammus bleheri, native to South America.


thornfish

thornfish (plural thornfishes or thornfish)

A dragonet, any of the small perciform marine fish of the family Callionymidae.


jarbua terapon

An edible omnivorous fish of species Terapon jarbua, fawn in color on top, cream-colored below, with a dark nape, and three or four curved dark brown bands run from the nape to the hind part of the body, the lowermost continuing across the middle of the caudal fin, of the Actinopterygii order.

பாலீன் கீசசான்

pālīṉ kīcacāṉ

சாவாதீன்னீகீளீ

cāvātīṉṉīkīḷī


grubby

(US, dialect) Any species of Cottus; a sculpin.


bleeding-heart

Any of several species of bird in the genus Gallicolumba of the pigeon family, native to the Philippines, characterised by a red patch on the plumage of the breast.


bonefish

bonefish (plural bonefish or bonefishes)

Any of various game fish, of the family Albulidae, found in shallow, tropical waters.

Albula vulpes, the type of the genus and family.

A surgeonfish of the family Acanthuridae, especially genus Acanthurus.


inconnu

A large salmonid fish, Stenodus leucichthys, with a large mouth with a protruding lower jaw and a high and pointed dorsal fin


honu

Chelonia mydas
Chelonia mydas#Translingual


snowcap

A layer of snow covering a mountain top.


mountaineer

[ˌmãʊ̯̃(n)ʔn̩ˈiəɹ]

[ˌmæ̃ʊ̯̃(n)ʔn̩ˈiəɹ]

(obsolete)

This was my master,
A very valiant Briton and a good,
That here by mountaineers lies slain.

1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

No savage fierce, bandite, or mountaneer
Will dare to soyle her virgin puritie

1634 October 9 (first performance), [John Milton], edited by H[enry] Lawes, A Maske Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634: […] [Comus], London: […] [Augustine Matthews] for Hvmphrey Robinson, […], published 1637, →OCLC; reprinted as Comus: […] (Dodd, Mead & Company’s Facsimile Reprints of Rare Books; Literature Series; no. I), New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1903, →OCLC, page 15:

A mountaineer can tread firm upon a precipice and walk erect without tottering along the path, that winds itself about the craggy cliff, on which he has his dwelling; whilst the inhabitant of the valley travels with affright and danger over the giddy pass […]

1786, Richard Cumberland, The Observer, volume 1, number 20, London: C. Dilly, page 184:

The mountaineer will not leave his rock, nor the savage his hut; neither are we willing to give up our present mode of life, with all its advantages and disadvantages, for any other that could be substituted for it.

1822, William Hazlitt, “On the Fear of Death”, in Table-Talk, volume 2, London: Henry Colburn, page 388:

My formal Spanish must have sounded as pretentious to the ears of the paisano as “Whither goeth my sire?” would have sounded to a semi-literate Ozark mountaineer.

1969, Maya Angelou, chapter 30, in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, New York: Random House, published 2002, page 228:

(now rare) A person who lives in a mountainous area (often with the connotation that such people are outlaws or uncivilized).

He first took me into Switzerland, and had he kept me there till now, amidst the scenery with which his pen and pencil brought me acquainted, I should have looked on myself as a very happy mountaineer, and him as a delightful guide!

1795, Samuel Jackson Pratt, edited by T. N. Longman and L. B. Seeley, Gleanings through Wales, Holland and Westphalia, volume 1, London, Supplementary Letters, Letter 3, page 408:

These green and sweetly smelling crops
They led in waggons home;
And they piled them here in mountain tops
For mountaineers to roam.

1885, Robert Louis Stevenson, “The Hayloft”, in A Child’s Garden of Verses, London: Longmans, Green, page 48:

[…] zigzagging precipices with mountaineers ascending roped together […]

1925, Virginia Woolf, Mrs. Dalloway, New York: Modern Library, page 223:

A person who climbs mountains for sport or pleasure.

ալպինիստ

one who climbs mountains for sport or pleasure

A bird of the genus Oreonympha; also called the bearded mountaineer or eastern mountaineer


fossa

→ Portuguese: fossa

→ Translingual: Fossa

[Alt: Cryptoprocta ferox
Borrowing from Malagasy fosa which likely once referred to the Malayan weasel (Mustela nudipes) prior to a semantic shift, thus cognate with Malay pusak and Tagalog pusa both meaning "cat".

Cryptoprocta ferox
Cryptoprocta ferox#Translingual

A large nocturnal reddish-brown catlike mammal (Cryptoprocta ferox) of the civet family, endemic to the rainforests of Madagascar. It is slender, long-tailed and has retractile claws and anal scent glands.


platanna

[…]leading medical pathologist, Dr Louis P. Bosman, became so concerned at the depletion of the local platanna population that he petitioned the Provincial Administration to introduce protective legislation and to investigate the possibility of the artificial culture of these animals at the Jonkershoek Hatchery.[…]For many years scientists observed that there was only one species of platanna, Xenopus laevis. Dr Walter Rose, who devoted many years of study to the amphibians of the Western Cape, had questioned this, and had eventually became convinced that there was another species, similar in appearance, but smaller, shyer and less aggressive. This he named X. gilli after Dr L. Gill, director of the South African Museum.

1977, Douglas Hey, Water: Source of Life, Oxford University Press, pages 109–110:

Some frogs, like the Platanna (Xenopus laevis), are wholly aquatic, living, feeding and breeding under water.

1990, Louis Liebenberg, A Field Guide to the Animal Tracks of Southern Africa, David Philip Publishers, page 81:

Platannas are found almost permanently in water and can remain submerged for hours without needing to surface.

2008, Rael Loon, Hidden Wonders: The Small 5005 of Southern Africa, Insects, Spiders, Frogs, Reptiles, Jacana Media, page 269:

Xenopus laevis
Xenopus laevis#Translingual

Any of several clawed frogs of the genus Xenopus which spend most of their time in water and rarely emerge onto land, especially the common platanna, Xenopus laevis.


packrat

en-verb

packrat (third-person singular simple present packrats, present participle packratting, simple past and past participle packratted)

packrats (present singular third-person)
packratting (participle present)
packratted (participle past)
packratted (past)

(colloquial, transitive, intransitive) To hoard things.


kiang

A large wild ass, Equus kiang, native to the Tibetan Plateau.


scratch

en-noun

scratch (countable and uncountable, plural scratches)

From Middle English scracchen, of uncertain origin. Probably a blend of Middle English scratten (“to scratch”) and cracchen (“to scratch”). More at scrat and cratch.

There were two scratches in race 8, which reduced the field from nine horses to seven.

(horse racing) A horse withdrawn from a race prior to the start.


yarraman

Uncertain. Suspected to be from an Australian language of coastal New South Wales, but the term was used by white settlers as a pidgin for communicating with the indigenous people and was rapidly adopted into their languages (preceding actual arrival of horses in some cases), making an origin difficult to ascertain. Each may well have believed they were using the other's word! (Reference: R. M. W. Dixon, Australian Aboriginal Words, Oxford University Press, 1990, →ISBN.)


ratite

A bird of the order of Struthioniformes, a diverse group of large running, flightless birds, mostly extinct, but including the cassowary, elephant bird, emu, kiwi, moa, ostrich, rhea and tinamou


mado

mado (usually uncountable, plural mados)

(Australia, New Zealand) Any fish in the genus Atypichthys, in Australia mostly Atypichthys strigatus and in New Zealand Atypichthys latus.


rorqual

From Norwegian Nynorsk røyrkval, from Old Norse reyðarhvalr (“fin whale”).

Now then, the biggest whales, those rorqual whales that frequent the waterways of the Aleutian Islands, have never exceeded a length of 56 meters--if they reach even that.

2001 [1873], Frederick Paul Walter, transl., 20,000 Leagues Under the Seas, Wikisource / Project Gutenberg, translation of Vingt mille lieues sous les mers by Jules Verne:

Any whale of family Balaenopteridae, with longitudinal skin folds running from below the mouth to the navel, allowing the capacity of the mouth to expand greatly when feeding.


cairn

From Scots cairn, from Scottish Gaelic càrn, from Old Irish carn, from Proto-Celtic *karnos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).
Compare Welsh carn, Cornish carn. Doublet of carn and horn.


saddle bow

From Middle English sadel-bowe, sadel-boȝe, from Old English sadulboga, sadolboga, equivalent to saddle + bow. Displaced non-native arson (“saddle bow”), from Middle English arsoun.

the Prince […] stroke the Pagan with his steely brand / So sore, that to his saddle-bow thereby / He bowed low, and so a while did lie […].

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IV, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

The Government mobilized the full force of 18,000 mounted gendarmes and sent them picking their way over the sand about as heavily armored as any policeman could be: a long lance in one hand, a sabre at the saddle bow, a rifle across the back, a pistol on the hip.

1931 October 12, “Sand in the Streets”, in Time:

The front part of the saddle that is arched up like a bow.


palfrey

From Middle English palfrey, from Anglo-Norman palefrei (“steed”), from Old French palefroi, palefreid, from Late Latin paraverēdus (“post horse, spare horse”), from Ancient Greek παρά (pará) + Latin verēdus (“post horse”), from Gaulish *werēdos (“horse”) (compare Welsh gorwydd (“horse”)), from Proto-Celtic *uɸoreidos (“horse”). Doublet of prad. Compare Dutch paard and German Pferd.

der

Five warriors seiz'd me yestermorn, / Me, even me, a maid forlorn: / They choked my cries with force and fright, / And tied me on a palfrey white. / The palfrey was as fleet as wind, / And they rode furiously behind.

1797, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, “Christabel. Part I.”, in Christabel: Kubla Khan, a Vision: The Pains of Sleep, London: […] John Murray, […], by William Bulmer and Co. […], published 1816, →OCLC, page 8:

The eye of father and sister alike forgot every other object while watching the evolutions of the young and graceful boy, who realised the descriptions of romance as, his golden curls dancing on the wind, his cheek flushed with exercise, and his large blue eyes dilated and flashing with triumph, he ruled the snow-white palfrey by a wave of the hand and an imperceptible pressure of the knee. It seemed as if the docile creature intuitively divined his will.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, pages 154–155:

(historical) A small horse with a smooth, ambling gait, popular in the Middle Ages with nobles and women for riding (contrasted with a warhorse).


White Cloud Mountain minnow

en-noun

White Cloud Mountain minnow (plural White Cloud Mountain minnows)

After the White Cloud Mountain in Canton, China. The Latin name is in honour of Tan, a boy scout who first discovered the minnows in the 1950s and brought them to the attention of ichthyologist Lin Shu Yen.

A popular aquarium fish, Tanichthys albonubes.


neon fish

neon fish (plural neon fishes or neon fish)


back straight

He got boxed in amongst four African runners in the back straight of the last lap, and was only able to get out into the clear coming into the home straight.

(athletics, horse racing) The straight part of a racetrack, running track, etc., opposite the finishing line; the backstretch.


wobbegong

From Dharug wabigang. A parallel in Tharawal dhabigang suggests a common Yuin-Kuric origin.

refn

In its early recording, transcribed wahbegong.

In its early recording, transcribed thubbegong.

The wobbegong is of little use; the liver will make some oil, and which is particularly good for parasites on animals, but the fish is not sought after, and the natives attack it when in their way, but do not meddle with it otherwise. South, as far as Jervis Bay, they call this fish thubbegong.

1882, Julian Edmund Tenison-Woods, “Sharks”, in Fish and Fisheries of New South Wales, Thomas Richards, page 95:

The Shark Attack File lists only one authenticated wobbegong attack, but contains fourteen "unauthoritative" attacks, and given the distinctive appearance of these sharks, it is very likely that at least some of the sharks were wobbegongs.

1983, Richard Ellis, The Book of Sharks, Knopf, →ISBN, page 98:

Any of several species of bottom-dwelling carpet sharks in the family Orectolobidae, distinguished by their small vegetation-like flaps of skin around the mouth.

Edward Smith Hill
Tharawal language
Yuin-Kuric languages
wobbegong


wolfhound

A dog of various breeds originally developed to hunt wolves.


willow grouse

Lagopus lagopus
Lagopus lagopus#Translingual

Lagopus lagopus, a medium-sized bird in the grouse family.


tiercel

From Middle English tercel, from Old French terçuel, from Late Latin tertiolus, the diminutive of Latin tertius (“third”). Sources disagree whether the connection is that the males of most species of birds of prey favoured in falconry are smaller than the females by about a third, or whether it refers to the supposition that only one egg in three yields a male.

In this wise, the glossy bright-eyed kestrel, whom tiercels’ training could not reclaim, shook off silver bells, and velvet hood, and broidered jesses; and fled away—to consort, henceforward for evermore, with gleds, and hawks, and such birds of prey as make their nests deep in Bohemian forests, or in the desolate places of the Wilderness that girdles the frontier of the reputable world.

1866, [George Alfred Lawrence], “Evasit”, in Sans Merci; or, Kestrels and Falcons, volume III, London: Tinsley Brothers, […], page 126:

He is a tiercel, lean and long and supple-winged, the first of the year.

1967, J. A. Baker, The Peregrine, page 39:


bull shark

Carcharhinus leucas
Carcharhinus leucas#Translingual

A shark, Carcharhinus leucas, that is common in both temperate and tropical coastal waters.


forester

Inherited from Middle English forester, a borrowing from Old French forestier, from forest + -ier; equivalent to forest + -er. Displaced native Old English wuduweard.

(obsolete or colloquial) A person who lives in a forest.

eastern grey kangaroo
eastern grey kangaroo

(Australia) Any of various species of kangaroo that inhabit bushland, especially the eastern grey kangaroo.

Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Lethe. Other members of this genus are called tree browns and wood browns.


curiosity killed the cat

One should not be curious about things that can be dangerous.

tanto va la gatta al lardo, che ci lascia lo zampino

la troppa curiosità spinge l'uccello nella rete

nysgjerrig høne får enten korn eller knuff

ljubopýtnoj Várvare na bazáre nos otorváli

любопы́тной Ва́рваре на база́ре нос оторва́ли

мно́го бу́дешь знать — ско́ро соста́ришься (mnógo búdešʹ znatʹ — skóro sostárišʹsja)

ме́ньше зна́ешь — кре́пче спишь (ménʹše znáješʹ — krépče spišʹ)


heiferette

A female bovine, usually more than six months of age and less than two years of age, that has had no more than one calf.


weanling

Any young mammal that has been recently weaned.


garron

Borrowed from Scottish Gaelic gearran, Irish gearrán.

To the west Ollo Lophand and Tim Stone were moving through the horselines, feeding and watering the remaining garrons.

2000, George R.R. Martin, A Storm of Swords, Bantam, published 2011, page 445:

For transport they might keep short, sturdy garrons: and the chief went nowhere on foot.

2009, John Sadler, Glencoe, Amberley, published 2009, page 37:

A small and usually disdained type of horse, typically bred in Scotland and Ireland.


destrier

I am resolved to share or avert the danger; which, that I may the better do, I would crave of thee the use of some palfrey whose pace may be softer than that of my destrier.

1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 236:

Dark and the Desert and Destriers me ken, And the Glaive and the Joust, and Paper and Pen.

1855, Al-Mutanabbi, translated by Richard Francis Burton, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

(historical) A large warhorse, especially of a medieval knight.


ling

en-noun

ling (countable and uncountable, plural lings or ling)

From Middle English lenge, lienge, from Middle French leynge (compare French lingue), from Middle Dutch *lenge. Cognate with Old Norse langa. Probably related to long.

Other deep creatures now being harvested or targeted as seafood include rattails, skates, squid, red crabs, orange roughy, black oreos, smooth oreos, hoki, blue ling, southern blue whiting, sablefish, black scabbard fish and spiny dogfish.

1995 December 26, William J. Broad, “Creatures of the Deep Find Their Way to the Table”, in The New York Times:

Any of various marine food fish, of the genus Molva, resembling the cod.


leguaan

From French l’iguane, "the iguana", through Dutch and Afrikaans.

2001 : Finally, a help plea yesterday from Debbie Thompson of Gonubie -- what to do about a small leguaan that had taken up residence in her "somewhat wild" garden with big trees, dense shrubs and hedges? http://www.dispatch.co.za/2001/01/18/editoria/CHIEL.HTM

2006 : This is the view of Sazi Mhlongo, chair of the Traditional Healers's Association of SA (Thasa). It follows the recent court appearance of a sangoma and five others after police discovered the skins of various protected animals in the sangoma's house. The skins included that of a lion, leopard, puff adder and water leguaan. https://web.archive.org/web/20060926093033/http://www.pawtal.co.za/pages/article.asp?ID=337


native companion

native companion (plural native companions)

Grus rubicunda
Grus rubicunda#Translingual

(dated) The brolga or Australian crane (Antigone rubicunda, syn. Grus rubicunda).


English saddle

Any of several saddles which, unlike a Western saddle, do not have a horn, but have padded panels so do not need a separate saddle blanket.


comber

Serranus cabrilla, the gaper, a fish found in European waters.

comber wrasse

comb wrasse, Labrus bergylta, syn. Labrus comber


eaglehawk

As they turn a wedge-tail and black body shows. They are eaglehawks.

1934, Henry G. Lamond, An Aviary On The Plains, page 128:

We needed to hear the birds chirping, the eaglehawk crying out something from the thermals high above, but the eery silence lingered on.

2006, Alexis Wright, Carpentaria, Giramondo, published 2012, page 412:

(Australia) Any large bird of prey, especially the wedge-tailed eagle, Aquila audax.


brolga

But he did not value Red Ochre simply as a grazing-lease. At times it was to him six hundred square miles where grazing grew and brolgas danced in the painted sunset and emus ran to the silver dawn […].

1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter VII, in Capricornia, page 90:

We wade through the delicate water, the moon spilling on our colourless bodies. Brolgas ruffling their wings against water ribbons, making the muddy bath flinch in coiling waves.

2006, Tara June Winch, Swallow the Air, in Heiss & Minter, Macquarie PEN Anthology of Aboriginal Literature, Allen & Unwin 2008, p. 241

A large grey crane (Antigone rubicunda, syn. Grus rubicunda), of northern and eastern Australia.


puggle

en-verb

puggle (third-person singular simple present puggles, present participle puggling, simple past and past participle puggled)

puggles (present singular third-person)
puggling (participle present)
puggled (participle past)
puggled (past)

British dialect (Hertfordshire, Essex), from pug (“to poke”) + -le (“frequentative suffix”).

suffix

1828, "Philip Fidget," The Confessions of Philip Fidget, in The Spirit and Manners of the Age, New Series, Volume 1, page 417,
I am no sooner seated by a fire, but my hand instinctively fumbles after the poker, and I proceed to puggle the glowing embers, until (except timely warning prevent) I have displaced the whole into the fender.

He puggled around in the oil cavity with his little lead pencil until it slipped out of his fingers and went down into the oil cavity.

1919, James Francis Hobart, Millwrighting, McGraw-Hill, page 222:

(UK, regional) To poke around a hole with a stick, as to explore, remove obstacles, etc.


puggle

Transferal of trademarked name of a range of soft toys from the mid-1970s which superficially resemble baby echidnas.

Larger furred/spined puggles can be held in a wooden box with shredded paper.

2003, Stephen Jackson, Australian Mammals: Biology and Captive Management, unnumbered page:

2003, Robert Burton, The International Wildlife Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition, Volume 18: SOL-SWA, page 2488,
The puggle, which grows rapidly, remains in the pouch until its spines are sufficiently developed that the mother must eject it.

Hatching takes 10 days; the young echidna, called a puggle, then sucks milk from the pores of two milk patches and remains in the pouch for 45 to 55 days, at which time the spines develop. The mother digs a nursery burrow and deposits the puggle, returning every 5 days to suckle it until it is weaned at 7 months.

2012, Joseph Springer, Dennis Holley, An Introduction to Zoology, page 498:

(chiefly Australia) A baby monotreme (echidna or platypus).


prill

Unknown. OED mentions Cornish pryl (“sheep-droppings”) as a likely loan from English.

rich copper ore remaining after removal of low-grade material; a droplet of copper suspended in molten slag


fitchew

From Middle English fitchewes (mistaken as a plural), variant of Middle English fichouse, ficheux, from Old French fissiauls (plural) and fichau, fissel (“polecat”), from Middle Dutch vitsche, visse, fisse (“polecat”), ultimately (via a Northern French dialect) from Latin vissiō (“stench”). Compare French vison (“mink”).


pajock

Unknown. First attested in the 16th century, in the writing of William Shakespeare and possibly coined by him.

(archaic) A peacock, a male peafowl, noted for its large and extravagantly coloured tail.


ure

From Middle French ure or its etymon Latin ūrus. Doublet of urus.

The Vre therefoꝛe ryſeth in the fardeſt partes of all Richmondeſhyꝛe, among the Coterine hilles, in a moſſe, towarde the weſt fourtéene myles beyonde Mydleham.

1577, William Harrison, “[An Historicall Description of the Islande of Britayne, […].] Of such Riuers as fall into the Sea, betweene Humber to the Thames.”, in The Firste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande […], volume I, London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Iohn Harrison, →OCLC, folio 31, verso, column 1:

The Auer or Ure ox or European Bison, (bos urus, bonasus, bison,) is one of the largest oxen, and distinguished by a curly manelike product about the head and neck, by a very broad, arched forehead, and by moderate horns situated far apart, and being curved inward and upward in the shape of a crescent.[…]Some extracts from his work are here presented, because the opinion hitherto prevailing in certain circles that our common cattle were the offspring of the Ure; but according to these extracts it will be seen that several striking anatomical differences are found to exist between the Ure and our common cattle.[…]The Ure has fourteen vertebræ, and as many pairs of ribs, or one pair more than common cattle, but has only five lumbar vertebræ of which the common cattle have six.[…]In the old Ure, there was found in the midst of the two seminal passages, vessels, a single duct, shaped somewhat like a bag, one inch in diameter and four and a half inches in length, which is divided in front and at the top into two arching branches, like the horns of the uterus of the cow, extending as channels of 3 to 4 inches in width to the testicle, and there terminating in a cul-de-sac.[…]From the above it appears that the origin of the domesticated cattle and their original native country is, as yet, not fully ascertained. Formerly the ure was considered the parent of the same, but this is improbable on account of the anatomical differences between the ure and the common cattle.

1864, “Species of Cattle, and Origin of the Domesticated Cattle”, in Eighteenth Annual Report of the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, with an Abstract of the Proceedings of the County Agricultural Societies: to the General Assembly of Ohio, for the Year 1863, Columbus: Richard Nevins, pages 365, 366, 368:

In the Nibelungen Lied both beasts, also the giant elk, are spoken of as not extinct when that poem was written:— / Then slew he speedily a Wisent and an Elk, / Strong Ures and a giant stag (Schelch). / Cæsar describes the ure as “little smaller than an elephant, but in appearance like an ox, of great strength and speed; it never suffers itself to be tamed, and spares no man it sees. To have killed an ure is held in highest honour among the Germans, and its horns, set in silver, serve as drinking vessels at their carouses.”

1911, S. Baring-Gould, “Chapter VIII. The Fils Thal”, in The Land of Teck and Its Neighbourhood; […], London: John Lane, The Bodley Head; New York: John Lane Company, pages 176–177:

The history of extinction of an animal has rarely been so rich in documents of all kinds as the history of the Ure or Aurochs, the second big-game representative of the bovine family in Europe, and one of the most remarkable species of wild oxen in the world. The special high interest attached to this animal is due to the fact that it is generally admitted to be the ancestral form of most European cattle breeds. The Ure ceased to exist in early historical times, though a small number of individuals survived in Poland as late as the XVII century.[…]From the very early times, the first mention being that of 1510, the herds of Bos primigenius were under the protection and custody of special game-rangers who were free of all other occupation, as well as of all tax-paying, and were to look only after the wild Ures, feeding them in winter with hay collected from the adjoining meadows, and bringing back to the forest the individuals that occasionally went astray.

1952, Ochrona przyrody, volume 20, pages 32, 33:


racer

→ Japanese: レーサー (rēsā)

An animal known for its fast speed, or suitable for racing; applied especially to a number of North American snakes, certain kinds of lake trout, etc.


baldie

"Baldies. Baldchin gropers. Tastiest fish I've caught this week," I replied.

(slang) The baldchin groper (Choerodon rubescens).


Shikoku

From Japanese 四国 (しこく, Shikoku, “four provinces”), from Middle Chinese 四 (sìj, “four”) + 國 (kwok, “state”, “country”).
(dog): < Japanese 四国犬 (shikoku-inu, “Shikoku dog”), named after the island where they originated.


herring gull

European herring gull
European herring gull

Larus argentatus
Larus argentatus#Translingual

Any of a group of large seagulls in the Larus genus.

Specifically the European herring gull (Larus argentatus).

American herring gull

Larus smithsonianus or Larus argentatus smithsonianus


hot-blooded

en-adj

hot-blooded (comparative more hot-blooded or hotter-blooded, superlative most hot-blooded or hottest-blooded)

more hot-blooded (comparative)
hotter-blooded (comparative)
most hot-blooded (superlative)
hottest-blooded (superlative)

For my own part, judging from experiments ranging from the cold-blooded to the hottest-blooded animals—from the alligator to the common fowl—I am constrained to say, that after decapitation, the sensational phenomena and voluntary motion are far more strongly indicated in the headless body, than in the separated head.

1851 June, Bennet Dowler, Experimental Researches, Illustrative of the Functional Oneness, Unity, and Diffusion, of Nervous Action; in Opposition to the Anatomical Assumption, of Four Sets of Nerves, and a Fourfold Set of Functions, and Transmitted Impressions; […], New Orleans, La.: […] Joseph Cohn, […], pages 16–17:

By taking little or no exercise, in passing most of the time in sleep, and residing in a tropical climate, or in a temperate one during the hottest summer months, while the experiment lasts, it will be found that the system needs but little food, the waste of the tissues being reduced to a minimum, and there being but little need for the heat produced on account of the high temperature of the surroundings. By living in this way, man can transform himself almost into a cold-blooded or hot-blooded hibernating animal.

1887, Henry C[adwalader] Chapman, “Food”, in Treatise on Human Physiology. For the Use of Students and Practitioners of Medicine., Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea Brothers & Co., page 85:

Most hot-blooded animals cannot sweat as we do to get rid of excess body heat, so big “radiator” ears are a common desert adaptation.

1992, Diana Kappel-Smith, Desert Time: A Journey Through the American Southwest, Tucson, Ariz.: The University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, page 109:


scombral

From Latin scomber, scombri (“mackerel”).


Hokkaido

From Japanese 北(ほっ)海(かい)道(どう) (Hokkaidō, “North Sea Circuit”), from Middle Chinese 北海 (pək-hʌi˧˥, “Northern sea”) + 道 (dáu, “Circuit”, a province-like administrative unit from Tang dynasty China).

com

I took another look at the map, impressed by how useful random modern Earth knowledge was in this world. Tsia Mountain, which contained our dungeon, was within the Empire’s territory. Using the size of the mountain to estimate distance… Yeah, the Empire was pretty huge. How many Hokkaidos could even fit in here? More than a few. Not to mention that there’s dozens of dungeons marked on the map.

2019, Supana Onikage, translated by Quof, edited by K. “Kitty-tama” Jordan, Lazy Dungeon Master, volume 5, J-Novel Club, →ISBN:

The second largest island of Japan, capital Sapporo.

Hokkaido

a northern largest island of Japan, or a prefecture based in itself


Hokkaido

[…] Hokkaidos or Ainus (smaller versions of the Akita); Akitas, Japanese Spitz, Japanese Chin, Nippon Terriers and Kai Ken.

1983, Pure-bred Dogs, American Kennel Gazette, page 11:

A breed of dog originating from Japan, resembling a spitz dog breed, although not officially ranked as a spitz dog breed.


sparrow hawk

Falco sparverius
Falco sparverius#Translingual

The American kestrel or American sparrowhawk (Falco sparverius), a small falcon found in North and South America that preys on grasshoppers and small animals.


skulk

From Middle English skulke, skulken, of North Germanic origin; compare Danish skulke (“shirk”), Swedish skolka (“play truant”).

A skulk of foxes, a cowardice of curs are tonight’s traffic whispering in the yards and lanes.

1973, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 1, in Gravity's Rainbow, 1st US edition, New York: Viking Press, →ISBN:

A skulk of fox padded daintily over a stream-slashed meadow, and a herd of deer like iron ornaments stood stock still in their winter pelage.

2007, Millard Kaufman, chapter 19, in Bowl of Cherries, San Francisco: McSweeney’s Books, page 128:


chucklehead

/ˈt͡ʃʌkl̩ˌhɛd/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chucklehead.wav

From chuckle + -head, from chuckle (“clumsy”).

A coastal rockfish of California, Sebastes chlorostictus.


killdeer

onom

Imitative

A kill-deer, flying so low as to dip its wings, ever and anon alighted on the margin, its stilt-like legs half submerged as it ran hither and thither, now and then bending to dig in the sand with its long slender bill.

1891, Mary Noailles Murfree, In the "Stranger People's" Country, Nebraska, published 2005, page 50:

Charadrius vociferus
Charadrius vociferus#Translingual

A North American plover (Charadrius vociferus) with a distinctive cry and territorial behavior that includes feigning injury to attract predators and spare the young in the nest.


tinamou

Borrowed from French tinamou, from Kari'na inamu (“great tinamou”).

Any of the birds belonging to the South American family Tinamidae, the only family in the order Tinamiformes. They are related to the ratites, together with which they form the superorder Paleognathae.


piet-my-vrou

From Afrikaans piet-my-vrou, literally ‘Peter my wife’, supposed representation of the bird’s call.

(South Africa) A red-chested cuckoo, of species Cuculus solitarus.


wallaroo

Any of three closely related species of moderately large macropods, intermediate in size between the kangaroos and the wallabies.

yuru

any of three intermediate-size macropods


bullbat

So called from the loud noise it makes while feeding on the wing, in the evening.

bullbats peened overhead and dived on roaring wings.

1963, Hal Borland, When the Legends Die:

Chordeiles minor
Chordeiles minor#Translingual

A New World bird, common nighthawk (Chordeiles minor).


right whale

From right + whale, but the sense of right in the name is unknown. The commonly given etymology based on these whales being for various reasons the "right" whales to hunt (e.g. easy to hunt and docile) is questionable but highly plausible and therefore not necessarily a folk etymology, as Eric Jay Dolin writes in 2007 in his history of American whaling: The earliest references to the right whale offer no indication why it was called that, and some who have studied the issue point out that the word "right" in this context might just as likely be intended "to connote 'true' or 'proper,' meaning typical of the group." The scientific name of the whale's genus is Eubalaena, which means "good or true whales".

The previous night, they’d received a call from the federal Department of Oceans and Fisheries (DFO): a right whale was tangled up in crab trap lines near their location.

2018 June 20, Chelsea Murray, The Guardian:

Any of certain baleen whales of the family Balaenidae, in the genera Eubalaena (three species) and Balaena (one species, the bowhead whale, also called Greenland right whale).

balena franca

any of certain baleen whales of the family Balaenidae


nighthawk

Caprimulgus europaeus
Caprimulgus europaeus#Translingual

(UK, regional) A nightjar, especially Caprimulgus europaeus (Eurasian nightjar).

The swallows circled around and I watched them and the night-hawks flying above the roofs and drank the Cinzano.

1929, Ernest Hemingway, A Farewell to Arms, Folio Society, published 2008, page 91:

(US) A New World nightjar of the genus Chordeiles, especially Chordeiles minor.

A person whose preference or custom is to remain awake and active during the night and the early morning hours.

night owl

person who remains awake and active during the night

A nighthawker (metal detectorist who works illegally at night).


Jacky Hangman

(South Africa) The Fiscal shrike Lanius collaris


Jacky Hanger

(South Africa) The fiscal shrike Lanius collaris


butcherbird

From butcher + bird, from its habit of hanging its prey.

A butcher bird has stirred, tuned its flute with a few preparatory notes.

1934, Henry G. Lamond, An Aviary On The Plains, page 47:

A short way off, two male butcher birds, black and white like magpies, were calling antiphonally across a ravine.

1987, Bruce Chatwin, The Songlines, Vintage, published 1998, page 224:

Any of the magpie-like birds in the genus Cracticus, family Artamidae, of Australia and New Guinea.


American kestrel

en-noun

American kestrel (plural American kestrels)

Any of a species of small falcon, Falco sparverius; a kestrel.


waterbuck

waterbuck (plural waterbucks or waterbuck)

From Afrikaans waterbok, after the animal's habit of escaping to waterways.
Wikispecies

A species of antelope endemic to Africa, Kobus ellipsiprymnus.


taha

yellow-crowned bishop
yellow-crowned bishop

(obsolete) The yellow-crowned bishop, Euplectes afer, especially the southern subspecies taha.

(obsolete) The village weaver, Ploceus cucullatus.


bateleur

Borrowed from French bateleur (“juggler”).

Terathopius ecaudatus
Terathopius ecaudatus#Translingual

A species of eagle, Terathopius ecaudatus, endemic to Africa and Arabia.


brekekekex

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek βρεκεκεκέξ (brekekekéx), coined by Aristophanes in the comedy The Frogs.

lbor

Brekekekex! co-ax! co-ax! O happy, happy frogs!
How sweet ye sing! would God that I
Upon the sweet bubbling pool might lie,
And sun myself to-day
With you! No curtained bride, I ween,
Nor pillowed babe, nor cushioned queen,
Nor tiny fay on emerald green,
Nor silken lady gray,
Lies on a softer couch. O Heaven!

1871, John Stuart Blackie, The Musical Frogs:

Iris:
He warbled a plaintive rondo —
Of brekekekex koax —
Chorus:
Koax!
Iris:
The other frogs thought it splendid,
Most splendid —
Chorus:
Most splendid!
Iris:
Applauding him when he ended
With brekekekex koax —
Chorus:

1898, Harry Greenbank, Adrian Ross (lyrics), “A Frog he lived in a Pond”, in A Greek Slave

(nonce word) Nonsense word supposedly imitative of frogs.


blackhead

en-noun

blackhead (countable and uncountable, plural blackheads)

Coordinate term: whitehead

See there! A son is born
And we pronounce him fit to fight
There are blackheads on his shoulders
And he pees himself in the night.

1972, “Thick As A Brick”, Ian Anderson (lyrics), performed by Jethro Tull:

Wallace sees a cluster of tiny blackheads at the corner of his nose.

2020, Brandon Taylor, Real Life, Daunt Books Originals, page 215:

(countable, medicine) A comedo, a skin blemish, a type of acne vulgaris, where a pore becomes clogged with a dark, hard, cheesy keratin-filled substance forming a hard black "head" on the skin's surface.

(uncountable) A form of histomoniasis in poultry, characterized by cyanotic discoloration on the bird's head.

(countable) A scaup: any of various ducks of the genus Aythya.


packsaddle

From pack + saddle. Compare Dutch pakzadel, German Packsattel.

A saddle designed to secure and carry goods on the back of an animal.


coronet

From Middle French couronnette, from Old French coronete, diminutive of corone (“crown”), from Latin corona, from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “a type of sea-bird, perhaps shearwater; a crow; anything curved or hooked (like a door handle or the tip of a bow); a type of crown”).

ensign

infantry equivalent of the cavalry coronet

first NATO commissioned officer grade above OF-0 trainee officer

The traditional lowest regular commissioned officer rank in the cavalry.

Any of several hummingbirds in the genus Boissonneaua.

Any of species Craniophora ligustri of moths.


rhinocerot

en-noun

rhinocerot (plural rhinocerots or (archaic) rhinocerotes)

rhinocerots (plural)
rhinocerotes (archaic plural)

/ɹaɪˈnɒsəɹɒt/

From the inflected stem of Latin rhinoceros. Compare Middle French rhinocerote, obsolete Italian rinocerote.

Antoninus Pius the Emperor, did give many gifts unto the people, amongst which were both Tigers and Rhinocerots, (saith Iulius Capitalinus in his life).

1551, Edward Topsell, The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes, translation of Historiae Animalium de Quadrupedibus viviparis by Conrad Gesner, published 1607:

Beyond that Country of Birds, is another wilde and mountainous, where abide many creatures much worse than those Birds, Elephants, Rhinocerotes, Lions, Wild-swine, Buffals, and Wild-kine.

1625, Samuel Purchas, Hakluytus Posthumus, J MacLehose, published 1905, page 63:

I lately observ'd, that all the teeth of a Rhinocerot, which grow on either side of its mouth, are join'd into one large bone, the weight of one of which I found to be neer eleven pound Haverdupois.

1665, Robert Hooke, Micrographia, section XL:

The Indians have a kind of Crocodile in Ganges, which hath a horn growing out of his nose like a Rhinocerot

1896, HW Seager, editor, Natural History in Shakespeare’s Time, Kessinger, published 2004, page 76:


spuggy

(Geordie, Teesside, Scotland) A sparrow.


redcap

From red + cap.
In sense of "porter", 1890s US; compare contemporary Japanese 赤帽 (akabou), Chinese 小紅帽／小红帽 (Xiǎo Hóng Mào). On Labor Day, 1890, John Williams, an African-American railway porter, tied a red ribbon to his black uniform cap to stand out from the crowd at Grand Central Terminal. The strategy was so successful that it was soon adopted by others in the profession, leading to the synecdochic use of redcap as a term for all railway porters.

Carduelis carduelis
Carduelis carduelis#Translingual

(British, archaic) A European goldfinch, Eurasian goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis).


groundhog

→ Kashubian: grańdółk (Canada)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-groundhog.wav

A red-brown marmot, Marmota monax, native to North America.


catnip

catnip (countable and uncountable, plural catnips)

Audio (US)

Compound of cat + nep, nip (“catnip”), from Middle English nep, from Old English nepte, from Proto-West Germanic *nepetā, from Latin nepeta (“catnip”). Compare earlier catmint (“catnip”), from Middle English catt mynte, which very likely existed in Old English (as *cattes minte) as well.

Any of the about 250 species of flowering plant of the genus Nepeta, family Lamiaceae, certain of which are said to have medicinal qualities.


elephant in the room

elephant in the room (plural elephants in the room)

Likely US origin, or possibly from Ivan Andreyevich Krylov's 1814 fable, The Inquisitive Man, which tells of a man going to a museum and noticing all sorts of things apart from an elephant.

There is an elephant in the room that nearly every politician and green campaigner is ignoring. It’s called population growth.

2008 January 6, Nicholas Rufford, “Motormouth: The car of the future, at £1,300”, in Sunday Times (UK):

While the Swiss bank remained positive on the sector through 2022, the coronavirus situation remained “the elephant in the room,” he added.

2022 January 17, Martin Choi, “Macau’s gaming law reforms positive for casino industry, but outlook clouded by Covid-19 uncertainty, UBS, JPMorgan analysts say”, in South China Morning Post:

(idiomatic) A problem or difficult issue that is very obvious, but is ignored for the convenience or comfort of those involved.


selkie

(Celtic mythology) A seal which can magically transform into a human by shedding its skin.


borzoi

Borrowed from Russian борзо́й (borzój), from бо́рзый (bórzyj, “swift”), from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus (whence English brief, brace and merry).

Pia loves Rob, she had written it with her lipstick on the walls of the vespasienne in the Rue Colombe, waiting for him to finish, holding her pampered borzoi on the leash.

1974, Lawrence Durrell, Monsieur, Faber & Faber, published 1992, page 171:

A dog of a particular breed, similar in shape to a greyhound but with longer silkier hair.


Keeshond

Keeshond (plural Keeshonden or Keeshonds)

A spitz bred in the Netherlands and Germany, characterized by a fluffy coat of silver and black fur.


kidskin

kidskin (countable and uncountable, plural kidskins)


bullhead

(Canada, US) any of a variety of related species of generally dark-colored catfish in the family Ictaluridae.

(Canada, US) The black bullhead, Ameiurus melas.

Ameiurus nebulosus
Ameiurus nebulosus#Translingual

(Canada, US) The brown bullhead, Ameiurus nebulosus.

(Canada, US) The yellow bullhead, Ameiurus natalis.

(New Zealand) A fish of species Gobiomorphus gobioides.


malamute

So called because the dogs were bred by the Malamute people of western Alaska. The people's name derives from Inupiaq malimiut.

An ancient northern breed of dog of the husky type, particularly used as a sled dog.


karakul

Named after the town Qorakoʻl, from Uzbek, meaning black lake.


pastern

From Middle English pastron, pastroun, pasturne, from Old French pasturon, diminutive of pasture (“shackle for a horse in pasture”), from Vulgar Latin pastōriā.

It was quite impossible to ride over the deeply-ploughed field; the earth bore only where there was still a little ice, in the thawed furrows the horse's legs sank in above its pasterns.

1918, Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina, translated by Louise and Aylmer Maude (Oxford 1998), page 158

Below me, somewhere in the horse-lines, stood Cockbird, picketed to a peg in the ground by a rope which was already giving him a sore pastern.

1928, Siegfried Sassoon, Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man, Penguin, published 2013, page 227:

The part of a horse's leg between the fetlock joint and the hoof.

Edward H[enry] Knight
w:Edward H. Knight

(obsolete) A shackle for horses while pasturing.

Upright he walks, on pasterns firm and straight;
His motions easy; prancing in his gait
So straight she walk'd, and on her pasterns high.

1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC:


whitetail

Odocoileus virginianus
Odocoileus virginianus#Translingual

A deer, Odocoileus virginianus, family Cervidae, perhaps the most popular game animal in North America.


crappie

If it's crappies you like, they're biting in 45-degree water.

2008 December 18, Gene Mueller, “More and more stripers making their way up Bay”, in Washington Times:

A member of either of two species of North American sunfish of the genus Pomoxis. Both are silvery-white with black speckles, and prized as gamefish.


bluegill

Lepomis macrochirus
Lepomis macrochirus#Translingual

A North American sunfish; Lepomis macrochirus.


dropper

(mining) A branch vein which drops off from, or leaves, the main lode.

(Australia) A batten fixed to a post-and-wire fence to keep the wires apart.

A seat post whose height can be adjusted while riding.


alligator gar

Alligator Gar of South grows 10 feet long, 100 pounds.

1967, George K. Reid, edited by Herbert S. Zim and George S. Fichter, Pond Life, New York: Golden Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 128:

A species of gar native to the US, Atractosteus spatula, known for its extremely large size (in excess of 200 lbs).


whoop-de-doo

When Shoemaker wins or loses by a nose, it is an odds-on bet that a whoop-de-doo rider would have lost by lengths, having wasted the horse prematurely.

1988, Tom Ainslie, Ainslie's Complete Guide to Thoroughbred Racing, →ISBN, page 203:

(horse racing) A style of racing in which the jockey establishes an early lead and then runs as fast as possible.


tui

[A]ll was quiet, beautiful, and serene; the only sounds which broke the calm were the wild notes of the tooe (or New Zealand blackbird), the splashing of our own oars, or the occasional flight of a wild duck (or shag), disturbed by our approach.

1832, Augustus Earle, A Narrative of a Nine Months’ Residence in New Zealand, in 1827; […], London: […] [A. & R. Spottiswoode] for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman, […], →OCLC, page 174:

The most frequently visible of these feathered denizens of the forest is the Tui (Prostemadera novæ Zelandiæ), called 'the parson' by Captain [James] Cook, in consequence of its having two white feathers in the lower part of its neck resembling bands. In colour and shape it is very like the kingfisher, and its melodious notes present great variety.

1863, Karl [von] Scherzer, “Auckland”, in Narrative of the Circumnavigation of the Globe by the Austrian Frigate Novara, […], volume III, London: Saunders, Otley, and Co., […], →OCLC, page 159:

Mr. Charles Enderby showed us a New Zealand Tui, or parson-bird, in a glass case, which he had kept alive in England for two years.

1884, R[obert] McCormick, chapter XVI, in Voyages of Discovery in the Arctic and Antarctic Seas, and Round the World: […], volume II, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, and Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 297:

The Pigeon (Carpophaga Novæ Zealandiæ) and Tui or Parson Bird (Prosthemadera Novæ Zealandiæ) are certain also to become rare birds. Elsewhere on the run food-supply and breeding accommodation alike will have been swept clear. A few pair of each will nevertheless maintain themselves in the gorges. The Tui will then as now haunt the homestead and shelter-belts when in mid-winter the eucalypts break into flower.

1921, H[erbert] Guthrie-Smith, “The Future of Native Avifauna”, in Tutira: The Story of a New Zealand Sheep Station, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, page 216:

But it was the Tui Marina end that lingers in the memory. It was haunted by tuis, great insolent Carusos, who would half throw a note and then break off in the middle in sheer delight at their own marvellousness or in sudden greed.

a. 1973, Eileen Duggan, “[Appendix: Selected Prose] A Few New Zealand Roads”, in Peter Whiteford, editor, Selected Poems, Wellington: Victoria University Press, published 1994, →ISBN, page 107:

On these two large islands [New Zealand], the native biota lacks many angiosperm and insect groups found routinely elsewhere, and the native flowers (about 80% endemic) are strongly dominated by rather dull white generalist forms, with flies, small moths, and beetles visiting: there are just a few bee- and bird-pollinated examples (visited mainly by bellbirds and tuis), and no native butterfly flowers.

2011, Pat Willmer, “Pollination in Different Habitats”, in Pollination and Floral Ecology, Princeton, N.J., Woodstock, Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press, →ISBN, part IV (Floral Ecology), page 601, column 2:

A species of honeyeater, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae, a bird which is endemic to New Zealand.


muscardine

muscardine (countable and uncountable, plural muscardines)

(countable, uncountable) A fungal disease, caused by Beauveria bassiana and other species, that affects silkworms, their bodies becoming white and covered with spores.


betta

Rather than simply waiting for a clockwise turn and then presenting the mirror, past experience with another betta suggested that the turning behavior could be established more rapidly using a shaping procedure.

2005, Russell A. Powell, Introduction to Learning and Behavior, page 245:

"Do you know that Siamese fighting fish—bettas—excrete ammonia in their waste, and that ammonia is toxic to fish? Twenty-four hours flapping their little gills in the same, unfiltered water, and they're history.[…]"

2006, Kasey Michaels, Everything's Coming Up Rosie, page 82:

I had previously bought a bright red betta fish from the Chinese spiritual store, which I also sense had been sent for Aurayah.

2010, Nicole M. Jenkins, Glass Rock, page 163:

Betta splendens
Betta splendens#Translingual

Siamese fighting fish
Siamese fighting fish

Any fish of the genus Betta, especially Betta splendens (the Siamese fighting fish).


muskie

As is the case with northerns, the female muskie, trailed by her attendant males, may broadcast eggs over several hundred yards.

1993, Barry Reynolds, John Berryman, Pike on the Fly: The Flyfishing Guide to Northerns, Tigers, and Muskies:

(informal) muskellunge; a large freshwater gamefish of the pike family.


olm

O is for Olm. The Olm has teeny-weeny legs. Its eyes are covered with skin and it can barely see. Olms live in caves where there is hardly any light.

1990, Jerry Pallotta, The Frog Alphabet Book, unnumbered page:

A fully grown olm is around 30 cm with a sinuous body and long tail. There are two pairs of stumpy legs and three pairs of feathery gills behind the head. In its natural environment, the olm is pink with semitranslucent skin.

2007, Ross Piper, Extraordinary Animals: An Encyclopedia of Curious and Unusual Animals, page 266:

Also known as the proteus, the olm is a blind amphibian found only in the underwater caves of southern Europe, specifically parts of Italy, Croatia, and Slovenia.

2012, Michael Hearst, Unusual Creatures, page 74:

Olms have special sensors inside their ears that detect sound waves in the water as well as vibrations from the ground.

2012, Ana Maria Rodriguez, Vampire Bats, Giant Insects, and Other Mysterious Animals of the Darkest Caves, page 32:

Proteus anguinus, a cave-dwelling neotenous salamander with external gills, found along the coast from northeastern Italy to Montenegro.


murine

From Latin stem, mur-, of mus (“mouse”) + -ine.


chital

From Hindi चीतल (cītal), from Sanskrit चित्रल (citrala, “variegated, spotted”) from Sanskrit चित्र (citra, “spotted, bright; spot, mark”).

der

a large spotted deer, of genus Axis, native to India and Sri Lanka


cribbing

en-noun

cribbing (countable and uncountable, plural cribbings)

After the Loma Prieta earthquake, they had to put cribbing under portions of San Francisco's Embarcadero Freeway, for fear it would collapse.

US Army Corps of Engineers site
If the structure is to be raised in place without relocation, once it is raised to the desired elevation the jacks are replaced with timber cribbing.

As a whole, the heavy structure built to support an existing structure from underneath, as with a mineshaft or when raising a building off its foundation, as for moving to another location,

obsessive-compulsive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder

(ethology, equestrianism) A self-injurious tendency of certain horses to swallow air while slobbering and biting onto objects in and about their enclosure; cribbing and windsucking are regarded as equine forms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.


mannikin

From Dutch manneken, Middle Dutch mannekijn.

Any of several passerine bird species of the genus Lonchura, family Estrildidae, of Asia and Australasia.


bearded vulture

bearded vulture (plural bearded vultures)

Gypaetus barbatus
Gypaetus barbatus#Translingual

a long-winged vulture, Gypaetus barbatus, found in southern Europe, Africa and India.


bokmakierie

The remarkable Bokmakierie is endemic to the Southern African region, and is found on broken ground in the cooler parts of the country. It has adapted to the urban environment, and is a common garden bird in many towns and cities. The Bokmakierie has a wide range of ringing duets.

1998, Andy Swash, http://www.birding.co.za/gallery/746.htm

A shrike endemic to Southern Africa, with olive upper parts, a yellow underside, and a deep black gorget.


mandarin fish

mandarin fish (plural mandarin fishes or mandarin fish)

mandarin fishes (plural)
mandarin fish (plural)

A carnivorous freshwater fish, Siniperca chuatsi, from China.


footballer

/ˈfʊtbɔːləɹ/

(Australia) Any fish in the kyphosid subfamily Microcanthinae, so named for the resemblance of their stripes to football uniforms.


ailurophile

/aɪˈljʊəɹəˌfaɪl/

/aɪˈlʊɹəˌfaɪl/

/eɪˈlʊɹəˌfaɪl/

From ailuro- (“cat”) + -phile (“lover”), from Ancient Greek αἴλουρος (aílouros, “cat”) + φίλος (phílos, “dear, beloved”).

der

He played the piano well, was an enthusiastic ailurophile, and persistently played solitaire while talking and writing.

1971, E. F. Bleiler, “Introduction”, in Ghost Stories of an Antiquary, Montague Rhodes James, page 4:

When the archbishop would send Philip on an assignment, he would leave the cat in the care of the archbishop, who apparently was not an ailurophile.

2001, Woodeene Koenig-Bricker, Praying With the Saints: Making Their Prayers Your Own, page 192:

Alicia is not a serious ailurophile, however; she neglects Chestnut, and Chestnut knows it.

Your identity as an ailurophile (cat lover) is confirmed by cat hair on your clothes, but that is a distinction that most of us will gladly forfeit.

2005, Dan Rice, Bengal Cats: Everything about Purchase, Care, Nutrition, Breeding, Health Care and Behavior, page 53:

A person with ailurophilia; a cat-lover.


weh

oh weh ! oh weh ! " — Sweetest mother, you have the illness ; oh weh ! oh weh ! It was so

1864, Flora Dawson, Princes, Public Men, and Pretty Women: Episodes in Real Life:

"Oh, weh! oh, weh!" The Child-Who-Was-Tired pushed and pulled them apart, muffled them into their coats, and drove them out of the house.

1910, Katherine Mansfield, The Child-Who_Was-Tired:

Perhaps it's in Lausanne, at the shore of Lake Leman, and in the widow's arms that Wolf wrote Oh weh! Perhaps she whispered it into his ear, when they first slept together, or when he parted from her. Perhaps it was her oh weh! he could never forget.

1992, Ewa Kuryluk, Century 21, →ISBN, page 307:

I tell you that it's true compassion, baby, oh weh.

"Kill one village, But leave another. Kill one village, But leave another. On the lake: weh weh weh weh weh.

2012, Regina F. Bendix, Galit Hasan-Rokem, A Companion to Folklore, →ISBN, page 90:

At last one night the Master of Sorcerers in secret places raised his voice and cried: “Weh-h-h-h! Weh-h-h-h-h-h!”

2017, Frank Hamilton Cushing, Zuñi Folk Tales:


silver dollar

Several species of tropical freshwater fish of the genus Metynnis, of the family Characidae or Serrasalmidae, of which Metynnis argenteus is one; popular for aquariums; so named from their shape and flashing silver color.


pink snapper

These traps are used in southern Australia to take leatherjackets (Monocanthidae) in deeper waters of the continental shelf and pink snappers (Pagridae) and other bottom-dwelling fish in shallower waters.

2001, R. J. Slack-Smith, Fishing with Traps and Pots, Food and Agriculture Organization, page 33:

Like the dhufish, the pink snapper is high up on the list of popular species that anglers love to catch.

2006, Kurt Blanksby, Fishing Guide to Western Australia, Revised edition, page 52:

(Australia, Western Australia) The fish Chrysophrys auratus (or Pagrus auratus).


roughshod

The horses fell down three times, the roads being slippery, and we walked three miles to Linlithgow. There we waited two hours, to have the fresh horses roughshod.

1814 November 10, Miss Berry [Mary Berry], edited by Lady [Maria] Theresa Lewis, Extracts of the Journals and Correspondence of Miss Berry from the year 1783 to 1852. … In Three Volumes, volume III, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1865, →OCLC, page 36:

Those who have followed a French army well know that their horses are always rough-shod. [...] Horses can bear cold when properly fed, and if they had not been rough-shod there were farriers attached to the army.

1875, C. Joyneville [pseudonym; Catherine Laura Johnstone], “The French Retreat and the Russian Pursuit”, in Life and Times of Alexander I. Emperor of All the Russias. … In Three Volumes, volume II, London: Tinsley Brothers, 8, Catherine Street, Strand, →OCLC, page 227:

A horse is roughshod when the nails are left protruding out of its shoes so that the animal does not slip and fall. Consequently, being ridden over by a roughshod horse would be quite agonizing.

1996, Sandra L. Olsen, “Introduction”, in Sandra L. Olsen, editor, Horses through Time, Boulder, Colo.: Roberts Rinehart Publishers for Carnegie Museum of Natural History, →ISBN, page 8:

(farriery) Of a horse: having hooves shod with horseshoes that have calks or projecting parts to prevent slipping.


silverback

(mammalogy) A mature male gorilla, so named from the silver streaking on its back.


sergeant baker

Probably named after Governor Phillip's orderly sergeant, William Baker. https://australianmuseum.net.au/Sergeant-Baker-Hime-purpurissatus-Richardson-1843/

The fish Latropiscis purpurissatus, of Australia.


luderick

A borrowing into English of the Australian aboriginal name for the fish. (Reference: Australian Fish and How to Catch Them, Richard Allan, Landsdowne Publishing, 1990, →ISBN.)


snapper

Heigh-ho ye trawler men come on, forget the snapper and the prawn,

1971, Harry Robertson, “Ballina Whalers” (lyrics)

And it’s out of Ballina we’ll sail, a-fishing for the Humpback whale.

Any of approximately 100 different species of fish.

(Australia, New Zealand) The fish Chrysophrys auratus, especially an adult of the species.


yellowtail

en-noun

yellowtail (plural yellowtails or yellowtail)

yellowtails (plural)
yellowtail (plural)

Any of various fish with yellow tails, including:

yellowtail amberjack
yellowtail amberjack

Seriola lalandi
Seriola lalandi#Translingual

Japanese amberjack (Seriola quinqueradiata), native to the northwest Pacific, often used in sushi, .

Atlantic bumper (Chloroscombrus chrysurus).

yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea).

whitespotted devil (Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus).

yellowtail horse mackerel (Trachurus novaezelandiae).

yellow-tailed black cockatoo
yellow-tailed black cockatoo

Calyptorhynchus funereus
Calyptorhynchus funereus#Translingual

A yellow-tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus funereus), a large cockatoo native to the south-east of Australia.

A yellow-tailed woolly monkey (Oreonax flavicauda), a New World primate endemic to Peru.


sweetfish

sweetfish (plural sweetfishes or sweetfish)

Plecoglossus altivelis
Plecoglossus altivelis#Translingual

An amphidromous fish, the ayu of East Asia (Plecoglossus altivelis), the only member of its genus and family Plecoglossidae, named and prized for its sweet-tasting flesh, especially in Japan, as a game fish, and is also subject to extensive aquaculture.


hembra

Borrowed from Spanish hembra. Doublet of feme, femina, and femme.


Homo sapien

Back-formation from translingual Homo sapiens, treated as if an English plural form.

A child possesses no human nature at birth. At this time he is only a raw homo sapien with human nature potentials, ...

1953, T. R. Schaffler, A Formula for the Process of Socialization, in Journal of Educational Sociology, Vol. 27, No. 2

I think I'm sophisticated / 'Cause I'm living my life like a good homo sapien

1970, The Kinks (lyrics and music), “Apeman”, in Lola Versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One:

1982, Emmett Davis, The Ethics of Information Serving Homo Sapiens Vs. Homo Biblios, in Ethics and Reference Services
In designing the institutions called libraries, we have underemphasized both the contribution each homo sapien, indeed each element of creation, is offering the universe and the support that records of knowledge can provide each homo sapien during portions of their lives to maximize those contributions.

2000, Lauretta Lueck, The Many Waters
As we know, there were many types of hominids, and in various stages of development, but none were modern, or completely Homo sapien.

2003, Danny Pate, Creation
The Anatomically modern Homo sapien was merely a beast who looked exactly like Man. That’s because God used this Anatomically modern Homo sapien as a prototype in creating Adam and Eve.

(proscribed) A member of the species Homo sapiens.


horsebox

On October 31 [...] Laira "Grange" No. 6871 passed through Wolverhampton with a Holyhead-Didcot horsebox special.

1960 January, “Motive Power Miscellany: Western Region”, in Trains Illustrated, page 58:

(UK, rail transport, obsolete) A van-type railway vehicle specially built for the carriage of horses.


like a cat on a hot tin roof

A simile developed from the behaviour of a cat observed on a hot tin roof.

(simile, colloquial, chiefly US) Jumpy, nervous.


crapaud

Borrowed from French crapaud (“toad”). Doublet of crappo.

(derogatory, ethnic slur, offensive, slang) A French person.


sunperch

sunperch (plural sunperches or sunperch)

All Bill caught were two smallish sunperch, barely worth the effort to clean and cook.

(US) Regional name for any of various North American sunfish caught as panfish.


gray jay

Perisoreus canadensis
Perisoreus canadensis#Translingual

A mostly gray bird, Perisoreus canadensis, that inhabits coniferous forests of North America.


moosebird

From moose + bird. They have been observed landing on moose to eat engorged ticks.

(US) The gray jay, Perisoreus canadensis.


mulloway

I clawed my way up a long, evil hissing slope and saw the light on the lonely beach and my father with a mulloway slung across his back like an aura […].

1993, Tim Winton, Land's Edge, Picador, published 2012, page 79:

To us, a rainy day may mean that we have to rug up and stay inside out of the elements, but the coming of a storm or the rising swell will find a mulloway that lives and feeds along the beaches, waiting around a river entrance for the mullet...

2005, Gary Brown, Beach and Rock Fishing:

Any of the species Argyrosomus japonicus of large fish, found along the eastern coast of Africa and the coasts of Australia, prized for sport.


frilled lizard

The lizard Chlamydosaurus kingii, native to northern Australia and southern New Guinea, which has a large contractile membranous frill around its neck that usually stays folded against its body but is extended in territorial and courtship display.


Siberian

[saɪˈbɪəɹɪən]


spangled kookaburra

spangled kookaburra (plural spangled kookaburras)

A kookaburra of the Aru Islands, with blue wings and tail, a white chest and belly, dark eyes, and a striking white-spotted black head, Dacelo tyro.

Chooyééł Dineʼé Bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ tábąąh naalzheehiitsoh bitsiiʼ yistłʼinígíí


jaybird

Belinda was a jaybird and could prattle on for hours about the latest gossip.

(US, colloquial) One who talks incessantly.


Norway rat

The common name was popularised (and perhaps coined) by English naturalist John Berkenhout, in his Outlines of the Natural History of Great Britain (1769). Berkenhout believed the species migrated to England from Norwegian ships in 1728; he is also responsible for the scientific name.

Rattus norvegicus
Rattus norvegicus#Translingual


brown rat

A rat of species Rattus norvegicus, common worldwide.


silverside

Any of several small fish, mostly in families Atherinidae and Atherinopsidae, both in order Atheriniformes, that are characterized by bright, silvery scales.

ateriinlane

fish of the families Atherinidae and Atherinopsidae


redback

Modelled after greenback, the currency of the United States of America, except using Communist Red

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China

(slang) the yuan (CNY), the currency of the People's Republic of China (Red Chinese money)


sand whiting

A fish of species Sillago ciliata, found in tidal waters off Australia.


corydoras

Any of the genus Corydoras of small freshwater tropical catfish often kept in aquariums.


Hereford

en-proper noun

Hereford (countable and uncountable, plural Herefords)

From Middle English Hereford, from Old English Hereford, from Old English here (“army”) + ford (“ford”). Compare Herford, North Rhine-Westphalia.

A number of places in the United States:

A locality in Cochise County, Arizona, named after Frank Hereford.

An unincorporated community in Weld County, Colorado.

Baltimore County
Baltimore County#English

An unincorporated community in Baltimore County, Maryland.

An unincorporated community in Callaway County, Missouri.

Deaf Smith County
Deaf Smith County#English

A city, the county seat of Deaf Smith County, Texas, United States, named for Hereford cattle raised there.


punkie

Possibly an alteration of the first two syllables of pumpkinseed (“the North American sunfish Lepomis gibbosus”) + -ie (diminutive suffix).

But, although anything but a wary fish, the sunfish is not easy to catch because of its small mouth. Unless a small hook is used, meager results are secured in proportion to the antics of the cork or bobber, which in good "punkie" territory is likely to jiggle, stand on end and depart bottomward on short notice.

1949 October–November, John R. Greeley, “Sunfishes”, in P. W. Fosburgh, editor, New York State Conservationist, volume 4, number 2, Albany, N.Y.: State of New York Conservation Department, →OCLC, page 14, column 2:

(US) Synonym of pumpkinseed (“a North American sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus”).


silver trevally

en-noun

silver trevally (plural silver trevallies)

A silver-coloured fish with a dark back, of speciesPseudocaranx dentex, found in warm waters worldwide.


silver bream

Blicca bjoerkna (white bream), a freshwater species of cyprinids from Europe and Western Asia.


snowshoe rabbit

snowshoe rabbit (plural snowshoe rabbits)


whitehead

A species of passerine bird, endemic to New Zealand (Mohoua albicilla)


snowshoe hare

Lepus americanus
Lepus americanus#Translingual

(zoology) A North American hare (Lepus americanus) that has large, furry feet; its fur is white in winter and brown in summer.


cushat

From Middle English cowshott, cowschote, quyshte, from Old English cūsċeote (literally “cow shoot”), although it is difficult to understand why such a name would be given to these birds. Doublet of quist.

inh

[A]nd no sound falls on my ears, except the distant roar of a passing train, the song of linnets, and croodle of turtle-dove and cushat.

1888, Gordon Stables, In Touch with Nature: Tales and Sketches from the Life, page 46:

(Geordie or literary) A pigeon, wood pigeon or ring dove.

гривяк

informal: pigeon; wood pigeon; ring dove


Barbary dove

Streptopelia risoria
Streptopelia risoria#Translingual

Eurasian collared dove
Eurasian collared dove

Streptopelia decaocto
Streptopelia decaocto#Translingual

A domesticated dove with an unclear taxonomic classification, often treated as its own species as, Streptopelia risoria, sometimes as a subspecies of either the Eurasian collared dove, Streptopelia decaocto, or the African collared dove, Streptopelia roseogrisea, and sometimes not as a separate accepted taxon at all, freely breeding with the above species.


ringneck dove

A domesticated dove with an unclear taxonomic classification, often treated as its own species as, Streptopelia risoria. Other sources place it in a subspecies of either Streptopelia decaocto (Eurasian collared dove), or Streptopelia roseogrisea (African collared dove).


merrigan

1980, P. Pepper, You Are What You Make Yourself
’Course, they had the merrigarn with them—that’s their dingo.

1993, J. Janson, Gunjies
Merrigans barkin’.


fathead

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fathead.wav

California sheephead
California sheephead

A labroid food fish of California; the California sheephead. Semicossyphus pulcher.


bunning

1988, R. Langford, Don’t Take Your Love to Town
Old folk hunted for bandicoot and bunning in this grass.


Black Angus

Any of a breed of black, hornless cattle from Scotland.


blue eye cod

A fish, Hyperoglyphe antarctica, found in deep offshore waters off southern Australia.


sled dog

Any dog, such as a husky, that pulls a sled as part of a team.


caparison

en-verb

caparison (third-person singular simple present caparisons, present participle caparisoning, simple past and past participle caparisoned)

caparisons (present singular third-person)
caparisoning (participle present)
caparisoned (participle past)
caparisoned (past)

From Middle French caparasson (Modern French caparaçon), from Old Spanish caparazón, from Old Occitan capairon.

Come, bustle, bustle; caparison my horse

1593, Shakespeare, Richard III, Act 5, Scene 3:

To dress up a horse or elephant with ornamental coverings.


gemfish

A bottom-dwelling fish of the family Gempylidae, inhabiting deep waters off southern Australia.


scalawag

Of obscure origin, perhaps from the name of the Shetland village of Scalloway (from Old Norse Skálavágr), known for its dwarf ponies and dwarf cattle.

“And you, Hugh Elsing, I’m ashamed of you! What will your poor mother say? Drunk and out with a—a Yankee-loving Scallawag like Captain Butler![…]”

1936 June 30, Margaret Mitchell, Gone with the Wind, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, 1944, →OCLC, part IV, page 803:

(derogatory, US, archaic or historical) Any white Southerner who supported the federal plan of Reconstruction after the American Civil War or who joined with the black freedmen and the carpetbaggers in support of Republican Party policies.


anole

Any of the genus Anolis of chiefly arboreal dactyloid lizards native to the Americas, which feature a brightly colored dewlap and the ability to change color.


solitaire

en-noun

solitaire (countable and uncountable, plural solitaires)

Borrowed from French solitaire, ultimately from Latin sōlitārius. Doublet of solitary.

The early French solitaire boards were marked with thirty-seven holes instead of the modern board's thirty-three; and the problems were more difficult.

1979, R. C. Bell, Board and Table Games from Many Civilizations, revised edition, New York: Dover Publications, →ISBN, page 100:

(board games) A game for one person, played on a board with pegs or balls, in which the object is, beginning with all the places filled except one, to remove all but one of the pieces by "jumping", as in draughts.

Mr. Greenwood said yesterday that he always finished his work in a timely fashion, and that he played solitaire only when there was nothing else left to do, usually a few times a week or during lunch breaks.

2006 February 10, Winnie Hu, “Solitaire Costs Man His City Job After Bloomberg Sees Computer”, in The New York Times:

I learned to play solitaire as a child. Its advantages over other games were obvious, even then. No need to persuade a friend to play or explain the boring rules, no hard feelings when someone won or lost, no lessons required, no costly equipment to badger my parents into buying. I could play whenever and wherever I wanted. All I needed was a deck of cards.

2013 February 23, Francine Prose, “Solitaire: Me vs. Me”, in The New York Times:

(card games, chiefly US) Any of various card games that can be played by one person.

Rodrigues solitaire
Rodrigues solitaire#English

Ellipsis of Rodrigues solitaire (Pezophaps solitaria), an extinct bird related to the dodo.

Rodrigues solitaire

The fellow wears a ſolitaire, uſes paint, and takes rappee with all the grimace of a French marquis.

1771, [Tobias Smollett], The Expedition of Humphry Clinker […], volume II, London: […] W. Johnston, […]; and B. Collins, […], →OCLC, page 88:

(obsolete) A black neck ribbon worn with a bag wig in the 18th century.


timber wolf

timber wolf (countable and uncountable, plural timber wolves)


coach horse

(nautical, slang) A member of the crew who rowed the admiral's barge or a state barge


warhorse

Among other accidents of that year was a Democratic president. Judge Atwood was a warhorse of Democracy.

1904 November, O. Henry [pseudonym; William Sydney Porter], “Cupid’s Exile Number Two”, in Cabbages and Kings, New York, N.Y.: McClure, Phillips & Co., page 93:

Certainly this was a bold proposal to an old warhorse like Ecuyer, and, like a true English bulldog, he voiced a reply which made the Indians wince.

1909, Charles H. L. Johnston, Famous Indian Chiefs, Boston: L. C. Page & Company, page 188:

“I don't know. I never notice much. Oh, they do kid me about not being in the army—especially the old warhorses, the old men that aren't going themselves. And this Bogart boy. And Mr. Hicks's son—he's a horrible brat. But probably he's licensed to say what he thinks about his father's hired man!”

1920, Sinclair Lewis, Main Street: The Story of Carol Kennicott, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt, Brace and Howe, →OCLC, page 344:

Srinath: India's warhorse [title]

2002 June 2, Kashif Qamar, “Srinath: India's warhorse”, in BBC News:

(figurative, informal) An experienced person who has been through many battles, situations or contests; someone who has given long service.


ferine

en-adj

ferine (comparative more ferine, superlative most ferine)

more ferine (comparative)
most ferine (superlative)

From Latin ferīnus, from fera (“wild animal”). The zoological sense was coined by William Whewell in 1840.

the season of rutting (an uncouth phrase, by which the vulgar denote that gentle dalliance, which in the well-wooded forest of Hampshire, passes between lovers of the ferine kind) […]

1749, Henry Fielding, Tom Jones, Folio Society, published 1973, page 162:

(now rare) Pertaining to wild, menacing animals; feral.


splint

From Middle English splint, splent, splente, from Middle Low German splinte, splente or Middle Dutch splint, splinte. Cognate with Old High German splinza (“bar, bolt, latch”). All ultimately from Proto-Germanic *splintǭ, *splintō (“piece of wood, splinter”), from Proto-Germanic *splint-, *splind- (“to split”), from a nasalized form of *splītaną (“to split”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pley- (“to split, splice”).

der

(zootomy, veterinary medicine) A disease affecting the splint bones, as a callosity or hard excrescence.


sulfur cockatoo

en-noun

sulfur cockatoo (plural sulfur cockatoos)

sulfur-crested cockatoo
sulfur-crested cockatoo


sulfur-bottom whale

sulfur-bottom whale (plural sulfur-bottom whales)


tomfool

(Caribbean, colloquial) Any of various tyrant flycatchers viewed as foolishly confiding.


sulphur-crested cockatoo

sulphur-crested cockatoo (plural sulphur-crested cockatoos)

[A] mob of sulphur-crested cockatoos took roost above her inspiration of Wordsworth's latest rewriting of The Prelude […].

2001, Richard Flanagan, Gould's Book of Fish, Vintage, published 2016, page 223:

Cacatua galerita
Cacatua galerita#Translingual

A large Australian cockatoo, Cacatua galerita, with a yellow erectile crest.


sulfur parakeet

sulfur parakeet (plural sulfur parakeets)

From the bright yellow sulfur-like colour of some specimens.

ring-necked parakeet
ring-necked parakeet

Psittacula krameri
Psittacula krameri#Translingual

The ring-necked parakeet, Psittacula krameri


papillon

From French papillon (“butterfly”), from Latin pāpiliō (“butterfly, moth”). Doublet of pavilion.

The researchers tested various breeds, including border collies, golden retrievers, pit bulls, labradors and even Jackson's own little papillon.

2014 November 29, Rachel Nuwer, “Lassie gets an upgrade”, in New Scientist, number 2997, page 47:

A small dog of a certain breed having large ears.


Australian pelican

Australian pelican (plural Australian pelicans)

Pelecanus conspicillatus
Pelecanus conspicillatus#Translingual

a species of pelican, Pelecanus conspicillatus, found primarily in Australia and New Guinea.


Asian elephant

Coordinate term: African elephant

Elephas maximus
Elephas maximus#Translingual

An elephant, Elephas maximus, found in Asia.

aasiannorsu

an elephant, Elephas maximus, found in Asia


Indian elephant

Indian elephant (plural Indian elephants)

The Indian Elephant is endemic to the region of interest, using both the Ganges and the Mekong Rivers as resources for water and bathing.

2021, Alice A. Horton, Isobelle Blissett, Impacts of Plastic Pollution on Freshwater Aquatic, Terrestrial and Avian Migratory Species in the Asia and Pacific Region, Convention on Migratory Species, page 22:

A subspecies of the Asian elephant, Elephas maximus indicus, distributed across India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, the Malay Peninsula, Laos, southern China, Cambodia, Vietnam, and formerly Pakistan.


kaka

Any of four taxa of birds in the genus Nestor in the parrot family confined to New Zealand and adjacent islands.


African elephant

African elephant (plural African elephants)

Coordinate term: Asian elephant

Loxodonta africana
Loxodonta africana#Translingual

Loxodonta cyclotis
Loxodonta cyclotis#Translingual

Either of two species of elephant, Loxodonta africana or Loxodonta cyclotis, found in Africa.

afrikannorsu

Loxodonta africana or Loxodonta cyclotis found in Africa


oaks

(horse racing) A stakes race in which entry is restricted to 3-year-old fillies.


snoek

Borrowed from Afrikaans snoek, from Dutch snoek, from Middle Dutch snoec. Some senses come from or are influenced by Dutch zeesnoek (“barracuda”, literally “sea pike”), a word that Van Riebeeck applied to the Thyrsites atun.

cog

2003, Oceanographic Literature Review, Volume 50, Issues 1-2600, page 348,
Snoek (Thyrsites atun) is a valuable commercial species and an important predator of small pelagic fishes in the Benguela ecosystem. The South African population attains 50% sexual maturity at a fork length of ca.73.0 cm (3 years). Spawning occurs offshore during winter-spring, along the shelf break (150-400 m) of the western Agulhas Bank and the South African west coast

My friend Jeffrey Jowell, who grew up in Cape Town, has lived away from South Africa for more than forty years, yearning for snoek the entire time. He thinks about fried snoek and grilled snoek and dried snoek and snoek made into pâté. He may miss smoked snoek most of all. Any mention of snoek—a long, bony fish that looks like a second cousin of a barracuda—triggers memories in Jeffrey of his childhood.

2004, Calvin Trillin, The strange attraction of snoek: The New Yorker, volume 80, page lxxxvi:

Snoek need not be scaled. The scales are very fine and usually slip off during handling.

2005, Alicia Wilkinson, Complete South African Fish & Seafood Cookbook, page 58:

(South Africa) An edible fish, Thyrsites atun, native to South African (Cape), South American and Australian waters, often smoked or salted.


kangaroo rat

Any of many different species in genus Dipodomys, rodents that move about by hopping.


requin

From French requin (“shark”); see below.

The big gullet of the requin shark, for example, could do so. It has been killed with men inside whole.

1893, Rev. H. J. Foster, “Jonah”, in The Thinker, volume 9, page 124:

Carcharodon carcharias
Carcharodon carcharias#Translingual

(dated) The great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias).


macaca

From the genus name Macaca, from Portuguese macaca, feminine of macaco (“monkey”). Doublet of macaque and macaco.

This process of the temporal bone varies in size, and may occur on one or both sides. A similar formation is common among gorillas, chimpanzees, macacas, magots (Inuus), and baboons.* It is less frequent among orangs,† gibbons, marmosets, and American species (howlers, hooded apes, etc.).

1886, Robert Hartmann, Anthropoid Apes (The International Scientific Series; 52), New York: D. Appleton and Company, page 111:

(dated) Any of a group of Old World monkeys of the genus Macaca; a macaque.


boa constrictor

en-noun

boa constrictor (plural boa constrictors)

Unadapted borrowing from New Latin Boa constrictor.

ubor

After him followed a blesbok, then an impala, then a koodoo, then more goats, and many other animals, including a girl sewn up in the shining scaly hide of a boa-constrictor, several yards of which trailed along the ground behind her.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

Boa constrictor
Boa constrictor#Translingual

A large tropical American snake, Boa constrictor, that kills its prey by squeezing them.


modern pentathlon

en-noun

modern pentathlon (usually uncountable, plural modern pentathlons)

Dwindling interest and a reputation for being outdated couldn’t change modern pentathlon. A brief video clip of a coach punching a horse at the Tokyo Olympics has altered it forever.

2021 March 11, Victor Mather, “Modern Pentathlon Drops Equestrian Competition After Abuse Claims”, in The New York Times:

An athletics event where athletes compete in épée fencing, shooting, freestyle swimming, show jumping and cross country.


jewing

In allusion to the curvation stereotypically associated with the noses of Jews.

The carunculation of the base of the beak of some varieties of the domestic pigeon; the lobes or wattles of the lower mandible, often in the form of three small fleshy processes, one at each side and a third beneath and before the others.


blue-tongue lizard

blue-tongue lizard (plural blue-tongue lizards)

Any of several species of Australian skinks in the genus Tiliqua.


mahseer

An endangered large-scaled carp of the family Cyprinidae, found in rivers and lakes of India, Malaysia, and Southern Asia generally, valued as a game fish.


bernard

Shortened form of Saint Bernard (the dog).


kittie

Alternative spelling of kitty (“young cat”)


chinkara

Gazella bennettii, a species of gazelle found in India, Pakistan and Iran


kunga

Learned borrowing from Sumerian 𒀲𒋙𒀭 (^(anše)kunga₂ /kunga/).

lbor

A kind of equid in ancient Mesopotamia (probably a donkey-onager cross).


cockscomb

From Middle English cokkes comb; equivalent to cock + -s- + comb.

A yellow rattle, Rhinanthus minor (flowering plant native to Eurasia)


aigrette

Borrowed from French aigrette (“egret”). Doublet of egret.

Birds of many kinds skimmed the weedy flats. George pointed out a flock of aigrets, the beautiful wild fowl with the priceless plumes.

1912, Zane Grey, chapter 3, in Ken Ward in the Jungle, New York: Grosset & Dunlap, page 31:


edible dormouse

A European edible dormouse or fat dormouse (Glis glis), especially when considered as a food.

(not universally accepted) An Iranian edible dormouse or fat dormouse (Glis persicus)


corbie

From Middle French corbeau, from Old French corb (from Latin corvus (“raven”)) or Old French corbel (“crow”) (from Late Latin corbellus, from Latin corvus). See also Norman corbin.

The eastern quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus), a species believed to be extinct on mainland Australia, is common in the run and front country, where it consumes corbie grubs and cockchafers, among slightly larger prey and carrion.

2007, J. B. Kirkpatrick, “Chapter 5: Sheep and nature on the run country”, in Jamie Kirkpatrick, Kerry Bridle, editors, People, Sheep and Nature Conservation: The Tasmanian Experience, page 158:

(Australia) Either of two moth species of genus Oncopera, whose larvae feed on grasses, especially Oncopera intricata.


cachalot

/ˈkæ.ʃəˌlɑt/

From French cachalot, from Portuguese cachalote, from cachola (“big head”).

A flexible rib cage facilitates the collapse of the lungs of a diving cachalot (a synonym derived from an old French word for tooth), so reducing the nitrogen uptake which is responsible for decompression sickness in diving humans, while high levels of haemoglobin in the blood and myoglobin in the skeletal muscles carry the oxygen required to sustain long periods between breaths.

2011 September 22, Richard Shelton, “Sheep, pig, whale”, in Times Literary Supplement:


fennec

Etymology tree
Proto-Mongolic *hüne-
Proto-Mongolic *-gan
Proto-Mongolic *hünegender.
Persian فنکbor.
Arabic فَنَك (fanak)der.
French fennecbor.
English fennec
Borrowed from French fennec, from Arabic فَنَك (fanak).

etymon

A small fox of the species Vulpes zerda, found in the Sahara (excluding the coast) and having distinctive oversized ears.


stot

Likely derived from Middle Dutch stoten (“to push”) or Middle Low German stôten, from Old Saxon stōtan, from Proto-West Germanic *stautan, from Proto-Germanic *stautaną (“to push, jolt, bump”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd-, from *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”).
Also compare Middle English steten (“to thrust, strike, push, knock down”), Old Norse stauta and steyta (whence Danish støde), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰𐌽 (stautan), Old Saxon stotan.

cog

Instead of dropping the golden cones safely into his bag he let them dribble out of his hands so that, in the expectancy before the violence of the storm, the tiny stots from one transfigured branch to another could be clearly heard.

1955, Robin Jenkins, The Cone-Gatherers, Canongate, published 2012, page 148:

(Scotland, Northern England) A bounce or rebound.

(zoology, of quadrupeds) A leap using all four legs at once.


stot

en-verb

stot (third-person singular simple present stots, present participle stotting or stottin, simple past and past participle stotted)

stots (present singular third-person)
stotting (participle present)
stottin (participle present)
stotted (participle past)
stotted (past)

‘I've plenty of money in my bank – and I have my cheque book here – could one of you cash a cheque for five pounds? – I promise it won't stot.’

1996, Alasdair Gray, “Lack of Money”, in Every Short Story 1951-2012, Canongate, published 2012, page 285:

(intransitive, Scotland and Northern England) To bounce, rebound or ricochet.

(transitive, Scotland and Northern England) To make bounce, rebound or ricochet.

(transitive, Scotland and Northern England) To stumble.

This vigorous and conspicuous leaping in front of a predator is analogous to bird alarm calls, in that it seems to warn companions of danger while apparently calling the predator’s attention to the stotter himself. We have a responsibility to explain stotting Tommies and all similar phenomena, and this is something I am going to face in later chapters.

1976, Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene, Kindle edition, OUP Oxford, published 2016, page 14:

(intransitive, zoology, of quadrupeds) To leap using all four legs at once.


pademelon

Although Pademelons are solitary and territorial by nature, it is not uncommon to witness small groups feeding in close proximity to one another.

2007, Scott Alexander King, Animal Dreaming: The Symbolic and Spiritual Language of the Australasian Animals, page 57:

Kangaroos and their relatives that live in the rainforest include pademelons, wallabies, and tree kangaroos. Pademelons are small kangaroo-like marsupials that prefer solitary nocturnal life in the rainforest.

2008, Barbara A. Holzman, Tropical Forest Biomes, page 122:

Pademelons are a distinct group of small wallabies, considerably smaller than both the giant kangaroos and the other, larger wallabies. When foraging slowly, pademelons usually move on all fours.

2013, Iain Campbell, Sam Woods, Wildlife of Australia, page 32:

Any species of the genus Thylogale of small macropods.


cocker

From cock (“a male bird, especially a rooster”) and its derivative cocking (“the hunting of gamecocks”), + -er (occupational suffix) or + -er (agent noun suffix).

(colloquial) A cocker spaniel, either of two breeds of dogs originally bred for hunting woodcocks.


cetology

en-noun

cetology (usually uncountable, plural cetologies)

The branch of zoology concerned with the infraorder Cetacea, which includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises.


Azawakh

A sighthound bred in Western Africa around Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso.


Golden Retriever

Golden Retriever (plural Golden Retrievers)


sounder

From Middle English soundar, sownere, equivalent to sound + -er.

An instrument used in telegraphy in place of a register, the communications being read by sound.


long-tailed tit

long-tailed tit (plural long-tailed tits)

Aegithalos caudatus
Aegithalos caudatus#Translingual

Any of many subspecies of small passerine birds with long tails, Aegithalos caudatus, found throughout Europe and Asia


native cat

1907, New South Wales Department of Agriculture, The Agricultural Gazette of New South Wales, Volume 17, page 154,
We have found the greatest enemies to be rats, native cats, hawks and crows.

The Native Cat, or Tjilpa, is not a real cat but a small marsupial (Dasyurus geoffreyi) with outsize whiskers and a banded tail held vertically above its back.

1987, Bruce Chatwin, The Songlines, Vintage, published 1998, page 290:

The mesonephros of the native cat is a functional excretory organ at birth which begins to degenerate on day 15 and is completely repressed by day 30 post partum. In this regard, the native cat does not differ markedly from other marsupials,[…].

1992, Acta Anatomica, volumes 143-144, page 341:

Widjingara, the native cat or quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus), made the spring by shaking his shoulders and flinging water from his fur.

2010, Robert Layton, Australian Rock Art: A New Synthesis, page 43:

(Australia) The quoll; any member of the genus Dasyurus of carnivorous marsupials.