crocodile

→ Maori: kokorotaera, karakotaera

→ Niuean: kirokotaili

→ Tokelauan: kolokotaila

→ Tongan: kalokataile

→ Welsh: crocodeil

From Middle English cocodrill, cokadrill, cokedril, from Old French cocodril (modern French crocodile), from Medieval Latin cocodrillus, from Latin crocodilus, from Ancient Greek κροκόδειλος (krokódeilos). The word was later refashioned after the Latin and Greek forms. Doublet of krokodil and sugar.

[ˈkʰɹɑkədaɪɫ]

Industrial and rural expansion is shrinking and destroying the Nile crocodile's natural habitat. The Nile crocodiles, in particular, have been a source of highly durable leather for a variety of products which can be crafted and manufactured.

2005, Mwelwa Musambachime, Basic Facts on Zambia, page 97:

Two species of crocodile inhabit Australian waterways: (a) the saltwater Crocodile — Crocodylus porosus, and (b) the freshwater crocodile — Crocodylus johnstoni.

2008, Walkter B. Wood, “Chapter 16: Forensic Identification in Fatal Crocodile Attacks”, in Marc Oxenham, editor, Forensic Approaches to Death, Disaster and Abuse, page 244:

One contained some brightly-coloured tropical birds, one a python and the other a large and very lively crocodile.
I told the customer that the boxes containing the crocodile and the python were not packed to my satisfaction, as there were not enough nails securing them.

2011, Sam Thaker, The Crocodile's Teeth, page 31:

Any of the predatory amphibious reptiles of the family Crocodylidae; (loosely) a crocodilian, any species of the order Crocodilia, which also includes the alligators, caimans and gavials.

Sometimes the kids from the slap-up boys' schools in Eastbourne used to be led round in crocodiles to hand out fags and peppermint creams to the 'wounded Tommies', as they called us.

1939, George Orwell, Coming Up for Air, part 2, chapter 8:

A long line or procession of people (especially children) walking together.

We have seen syllogisms, crocodiles, enthymemas, sorites, &c. explained and tried upon a boy of nine or ten years old in playful conversation[…]

1798, Maria Edgeworth, Practical Education:

(logic) A fallacious dilemma, mythically supposed to have been first used by a crocodile.


crocodile

en-verb

crocodile (third-person singular simple present crocodiles, present participle crocodiling, simple past and past participle crocodiled)

crocodiles (present singular third-person)
crocodiling (participle present)
crocodiled (participle past)
crocodiled (past)

Derived from the noun as a calque of Esperanto krokodili.

[ˈkʰɹɑkədaɪɫ]

(intransitive, slang) To speak another language than Esperanto at an Esperanto-language gathering.

krokodili

to speak another language rather than Esperanto


manatee

→ Japanese: マナティー (manatī)

→ Korean: 매너티 (maeneoti)

→ Welsh: manatî

Borrowed from Spanish manatí, from a Cariban-language term meaning ‘breast’, ultimately from Proto-Cariban *manatɨ; compare Kari'na manaty, Trió manatï, Apalaí manaty, Akawaio manatï, Pemon manatü, Macushi manatî.

The ecological importance of the manatee is clear; scientists have demonstrated the dependancy of all components of an ecosystem on one another . . .

1988, Tampa Bay Magazine (Sept–Oct 1988, page 60)

Any of several plant-eating marine mammals, of family Trichechidae, found in tropical regions.

lamantyn

any of several plant-eating marine mammals, of family Trichechidae


mountain lion

From mountain (“the animal's habitat”), + lion (“an African cat of similar size and color”).

The mountain lion may prowl here during any month.

1915 April 20, Enos A. Mills, “The Forest Frontier”, in The Rocky Mountain Wonderland, Houghton Mifflin, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 64:

Puma concolor
Puma concolor#Translingual


dugong

Australian Kriol: jugong

Torres Strait Creole: dugong

→ Finnish: dugongi

→ French: dugong

→ Indonesian: dugong

→ Italian: dugongo

→ Malay: dugong

→ Portuguese: dugongo

→ Welsh: dwgong

→ Japanese: 儒艮

→ Chinese: 儒艮 (rúgèn)

“What are those things that aren’t seals? Much worse than seals. Big, blubbery things. Dugongs.”

1988, Douglas Adams, The Long Dark Tea-Time of the Soul, William Heinemann Ltd, page 37:

A plant-eating aquatic marine mammal, of the genus Dugong, found in tropical regions.


ape

Clipping of apeshit (“ape-shit (crazy)”).

clipping

We were ape over the new look.

He went ape when he heard the bad news.


lizard

From Middle English lesarde, lisarde, from Anglo-Norman lusard, from Old French lesard (compare French lézard), from Latin lacertus, which is of obscure origin. Displaced native Middle English aske, from Old English āþexe (> modern English ask, askard).

lounge lizard; lot lizard; beach lizard; truck stop lizard

(in compounds) A person who idly spends time in a specified place, especially a promiscuous female.


horsepower

en-noun

horsepower (countable and uncountable, plural horsepowers or horsepower)

horsepowers (plural)
horsepower (plural)

/ˈhɔɹsˌpaʊɚ/

/ˈhɔːsˌpaʊə/

horse + power: the unit was originally defined as the amount of power that a horse could provide.
Both non-metric and metric units of power were derived from effectively identical measurements of the power a draught horse could sustain over several hours, with the difference in watts solely due to different rounding errors to express that power in round numbers in the original non-SI units (ft·lbf/min and kgf⋅m/s respectively).

In the past, before the widespread adoption of SI units, the work that engines were capable of doing was compared with the work that horses could do – hence the term ‘horsepower’. Various people came up with various equivalencies, but the modern agreed definition is that 1 horsepower is 746 joules per second or 746 watts.

2012 March 22nd, David Blockley, Engineering: A Very Short Introduction (309), Oxford University Press, chapter 2: “The age of gravity – time for work”, page 20

mechanical horsepower
mechanical horsepower

A nonmetric unit of power (symbol hp) with various definitions, for different applications. The most common of them is probably the mechanical horsepower, approximately equal to 745.7 watts.


duckling

From Middle English dokeling, dukling, dookelynge (“duckling”), equivalent to duck + -ling.

Good night, darling; take that kiss to your respected mother, and tell her with my compliments that we can’t afford to make ducks and drakes of the romance of our little pet’s life: she will hatch those birds for herself in due time, and remain cluck-clucking, wisely, but sadly, like a perplexed old hen, when her ducklings and drakelings have unexpectedly taken the water.

1858, “Edith Clarel: A Story from Three Points of View”, in The Money Bag: Literature, Politics, Finance, volume I, number 4, London: Daniel F. Oakey, […], page 232:

Referring to Table 1 it will be seen that if a breeding duck produces 40 marketable progeny each year (and in practice this should be achieved) half of which are ducklings and the other half drakelings, and these birds realise 2s. per lb. live weight, then that breeding duck would return approximately £15 10s. over feeding costs for the 12 months.

1951, Supplement to the Journal of the Department of Agriculture of Western Australia, volume 28, page 216:

Muscovy ducks with ducklings. This is the most popular breed for table purposes. They make weights of up to 5 lb. for ducklings at 13 to 14 weeks, and up to 9 lb. for drakelings at 16 weeks when correctly handled.

1961, Allan A[rthur] McArdle, Poultry Management and Production (Agricultural and Livestock Series), Sydney, N.S.W.: Angus and Robertson, page 563:


melon

melon (countable and uncountable, plural melons)

→ Japanese: メロン

→ Korean: 멜론 (mellon)

→ Welsh: melon

From Middle English meloun, melon, from Old French melon, from Late Latin melonem, from Latin melopeponem, from Ancient Greek μηλοπέπων (mēlopépōn), from μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”) + πέπων (pépōn, “ripe”).

(countable, Australia, New Zealand, derogatory) A member of the Green Party, or similar environmental group.


vixen

Alteration of earlier fixen, from Middle English fixen, from Old English fyxe, from Proto-West Germanic *fuhsini, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsinī; the voiced v- comes from the Southern dialectal forms of Middle English. Alternatively, from the Old English adjective fyxen (“of the fox”), as in the phrase fixen hȳd (“fox skin”; compare Middle English foxen fox).


jackrabbit

any of several large North American hares of the genus Lepus


mule

→ Hawaiian: miula

→ Irish: miúil

→ Maori: miūru

From Middle English mule, from Anglo-Norman mule and Old English mūl, both from Latin mūlus, from Proto-Indo-European *mukslós. Compare Late Latin muscellus (“young he-mule”), Old East Slavic мъшкъ (mŭškŭ, “mule”), Ancient Greek (Phocian) μυχλός (mukhlós, “he-ass”), and German Maul Maultier, Maulesel (through Latin).

Cocaine packet ingestion (these patients referred to as “mules”) may warrant surgery, Golytely or expectant passage.

2006, “Gastroenterology: Esophageal Foreign Bodies”, in Steven E. Diaz, The Little Black Book of Emergency Medicine (Jones and Bartlett's Little Black Book Series), 2nd edition, Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, →ISBN, page 101:

“Yeah, in Denver, we know about Uriarte's involvement in meth. Our Las Cruces office seized over six hundred pounds of methamphetamine from two of his mules last year.”

2007, Thomas G. Blacklock, Safe Zone: A Novel Approach to the Drug War, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 44:


witch

The noun is from Middle English wicche, from Old English wiċċe (“witch (female), sorceress”) and wiċċa (“witch (male), sorcerer, warlock”), deverbative from wiċċian (“to practice sorcery”), from Proto-Germanic *wikkōną (compare West Frisian wikje, wikke (“to foretell, warn”), German Low German wicken (“to soothsay”), Dutch wikken, wichelen (“to dowse, divine”)), from Proto-Indo-European *wik-néh₂-, derivation of *weyk- (“to consecrate; separate”); akin to Latin victima (“sacrificial victim”), Lithuanian viẽkas (“life-force”), Sanskrit विनक्ति (vinákti, “to set apart, separate out”). Possibly related to wicked; see that entry for more.
The verb is from the noun.

cog

One given to mischief, especially a woman or child.

(geometry) A certain curve of the third order, described by Maria Agnesi under the name versiera.

Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (Torbay sole), found in the North Atlantic.

Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis (megrim), found in the North Atlantic.


eelpout

From Old English ǣleputa, equivalent to eel + pout.


bar

en-noun

bar (countable and uncountable, plural bars)

→ Albanian: bar m

→ Arabic: بَار m (bār)

→ Armenian: բար (bar)

→ Bulgarian: бар (bar)

→ Burmese: ဘား (bha:)

→ Chichewa: bála

→ Cantonese: 吧 (baa¹)

→ Czech: bar m

→ Danish: bar c

→ Dutch: bar m

→ Esperanto: baro

→ Estonian: baar

→ French: bar m
→ Romanian: bar

→ Galician: bar m

→ Georgian: ბარი (bari)

→ German: Bar f

→ Greek: μπαρ n (bar)

→ Gulf Arabic: بار (bār)

→ Hebrew: בָּר (bar), בָּאר (bár)

→ Hungarian: bár (also via German)

→ Icelandic: bar m

→ Irish: beár m

→ Italian: bar m

→ Japanese: バー (bā)

→ Khmer: បារ (baa)

→ Korean: 바 (ba)

→ Lithuanian: bãras m

→ Macedonian: бар m (bar)

→ Malagasy: ba

→ Mandarin: 吧 (bā)

→ Norwegian:

Bokmål: bar m

Nynorsk: bar m

→ Persian: بار (bâr)

→ Polish: bar m

→ Portuguese: bar m

→ Russian: бар m (bar)

→ Serbo-Croatian: ба̑р m, bȃr m

→ Slovene: bȃr m

→ Spanish: bar m

→ Swahili: baa

→ Swedish: bar c (see there for further descendants)

→ Thai: บาร์ (baa)

→ Turkish: bar

→ Xhosa: íbhári

→ Zulu: ibha

From Middle English barre, from Old French barre (“beam, bar, gate, barrier”), from Vulgar Latin *barra, of uncertain origin. Doublet of barre.

der

(farriery) The part of the crust of a horse's hoof which is bent inwards towards the frog at the heel on each side, and extends into the centre of the sole.

(farriery, in the plural) The space between the tusks and grinders in the upper jaw of a horse, in which the bit is placed.


bar

From Middle English barren, from Old French barrer, from Medieval Latin barrare (“to bar”), from the noun. Cognate to Occitan barrar, Spanish barrar, Portuguese barrar.
Preposition properly imperative of the verb. Compare barring.

Leg At Each Corner is at 3/1, Lost My Shirt 5/1, and it's 10/1 bar.

(horse racing) Denotes the minimum odds offered on other horses not mentioned by name.


fish finger

“Birds Eye fish fingers,” he said, “are made from cod, and when, a short while back there was talk of some strange deep sea varieties creeping into fish fingers, we, as a company spent £500 000 reassuring the consumer[…].”

1976, Fishing News International, volume 15, page 41:

Next week will solve your problems / But now, fish fingers all in a line

1977, “Ex-Lion Tamer”, in Pink Flag, performed by Wire:

After green peas, the product that most helped Birds Eye was fish fingers.

2007, Michael Symons, chapter XX, in One Continuous Picnic: A Gastronomic History of Australia, page 242:

2009, Linda Larsen, The $7 Meals Cookbook: 301 Delicious, Nutritious Recipes the Whole Family Will Love, Adams Media, MA, page 148,
Fish fingers are usually sold in very large packages, about 3–5 pounds.

If chip butties are the king of beige, fish finger sarnies are the queen. Home-made fish fingers are super-easy to make and freeze well, so make a large batch and keep them for a rainy day.

2012, Tom Herbert, Henry Herbert, The Fabulous Baker Brothers, unnumbered page:

(chiefly UK, Ireland) A rectangular stick of processed fish coated in breadcrumbs that is cooked by frying or grilling.


xiphias

Borrowed from translingual Xiphias or Latin xiphiās (“swordfish”).

Huge Ziffius, whom Mariners eschew / No lesse, then rockes, as travellers informe […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

S. Malpighi having dissected the Head of a Xiphias or Sword Fish, which hath a very big Eye, observ'd that the middle of the Optick Nerve is nothing else, but a large Membrane, folded according to its length in many Doubles almost like a Fan, and invested by the Dura Mater.

1700, Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London, volume 3, page 38:

Trebius Niger informs us that […] the xiphias, or, in other words, the sword-fish, has a sharp-pointed muzzle, with which it is able to pierce the sides of a ship and send it to the bottom […]

1857, Bostock & Riley, “part 32.vi”, in Natural History, translation of original by Pliny:

In the xiphias, you observe, the enormous elongation of the head is produced by the elongation of the jaws proper – that is to say, of the pre-maxilla and nasal bones.

23 May 1863, Prof. Huxley, “Structure and development of the vertebrate skeleton”, in The Lancet:


tuna

en-noun

tuna (countable and uncountable, plural tuna or tunas)

→ Armenian: թունա (tʻuna)

From American Spanish alteration of the Spanish atún, from Arabic اَلتُّنّ (at-tunn, “tuna”) from Latin thunnus, itself from Ancient Greek θύννος (thúnnos). Possibly in the sense of "darter" from thynein "to dart along". Doublet of tonno.

Tuna was carried down by the flood; and when Maui saw him in the net he stretched forth his arm and with a blow of his stone axe smote Tuna and cut off his head, and it and the tail fell into the ocean. ... The head became fish, and the tail became the koiro (ngoiro—conger-eel).

1887, John White, The Ancient History of the Maori, page 84:

Any of several species of fish of the genus Thunnus in the family Scombridae.


pope

Jamaican Creole: puop

Tok Pisin: pop

→ Hindi: पोप (pop)

→ Urdu: پوپ (pop)

From Middle English pope, popa, from Old English pāpa, from Vulgar Latin papa (title for priests and bishops, esp. and by 8th c. only the bishop of Rome), from early Byzantine Greek παπᾶς (papâs, title for priests and bishops, especially by 3rd c. the bishop of Alexandria), from late Ancient Greek πάπας (pápas, title for priests and bishops, in the sense of spiritual father), from πάππας (páppas, “papa, daddy”).

der

(Roman Catholicism and generally) An honorary title of the Roman Catholic bishop of Rome as father and head of his church, a sovereign of the Vatican city state.

(US, obsolete) Pope Day, the present Guy Fawkes Day.

Byfleet-river, wherein are very large pikes, jack, and tench ; perch, of eighteen inches long ; good carp, large flounders, bream, roach, dace, gudgeons, popes, large chub, and eels.

1792, William Augustus Osbaldiston, The British Sportsman, Or, Nobleman, Gentleman and Farmer's Dictionary of Recreation and Amusement, page 176:

It resembles the perch (unfortunately for itself) in having a very long and prickly fin on its back, advantage of which is taken by the boys about Windsor, who are very fond of 'plugging a pope.' This operation consists in fixing a bung in the sharp spines on the poor pope's back fin, and then throwing him into the water.

1862, Francis T. Buckland, Curiosities of Natural History, page 230:

Popes are caught whilst gudgeon-fishing with the red worm, but they are sometimes a great nuisance to the perch-fisher, as they take the minnow.

1865 January 14, Astley H. Baldwin, “Small Fry”, in Once a Week, page 105:

Gymnocephalus cernua
Gymnocephalus cernua#Translingual

(British) The ruffe, a small Eurasian freshwater fish (Gymnocephalus cernua); others of its genus.


pope

en-verb

pope (third-person singular simple present popes, present participle poping, simple past and past participle poped)

popes (present singular third-person)
poping (participle present)
poped (participle past)
poped (past)

I'm not going to ‘Pope’ until after the war (if I'm alive).

c. 1916, in Evelyn Waugh's Life R. Knox (1959), ii. i. 142

A prominent Anglican priest had, to use the term generally employed on these occasions, ‘Poped’—that is, left the Church of England in order to become a Roman Catholic.

(intransitive, colloquial) To convert to Roman Catholicism.


diamondback

Crotalus atrox
Crotalus atrox#Translingual

(common name) Either of two species of rattlesnake having a diamond pattern on the back: Crotalus adamanteus, found in the southeastern United States, and Crotalus atrox, found in the southwestern United States and northwestern and central Mexico.

диамантена гърмяща змия

rattlesnake with diamond pattern on its back


goujon

Borrowed from French goujon (“gudgeon (fish)”). Doublet of gudgeon.

Goujons are tiny brook-fish like the white bait which are served on the sea coast in this country; but to watch a Frenchman with an untrimmed beard as he devours schools of goujons is an experience.

2018, Henri Charpentier, Life à la Henri: Being the Memories of Henri Charpentier:


goujon

Borrowed from French goujon (“dowel, pin”).

(cooking) A thin strip of food, usually fish or chicken.


drake

From Middle English drake (“male duck, drake”), from Old English *draca, abbreviated form for Old English *andraca (“male duck, drake”, literally “duck-king”), from Proto-West Germanic *anadrekō (“duck leader”). Cognate with Low German drake (“drake”), Dutch draak (“drake”), German Enterich (“drake”). More at annet.


form

en-verb

form (third-person singular simple present forms, present participle forming, simple past and past participle formed)

forms (present singular third-person)
forming (participle present)
formed (participle past)
formed (past)
form (infinitive)

From Middle English forme (“shape, figure, manner, bench, frame, seat, condition, agreement, etc.”), borrowed from Old French forme, from Latin fōrma (“shape, figure, image, outline, plan, mold, frame, case, etc., manner, sort, kind, etc.”).
In sense "division grouping school students" (now dated), derived from public school nomenclature later adopted by state schools. It is sometimes said to be from the sense of "bench", where students of certain ages would sit together, though this is disputed, or alternatively from the sense of "established method of expression or practice".

der

When icicles start to form on the eaves you know the roads will be icy.

As we age, the major arteries of our bodies frequently become thickened with plaque, a fatty material with an oatmeal-like consistency that builds up along the inner lining of blood vessels. The reason plaque forms isn’t entirely known, but it seems to be related to high levels of cholesterol inducing an inflammatory response, which can also attract and trap more cellular debris over time.

2013 July–August, Stephen P. Lownie, David M. Pelz, “Stents to Prevent Stroke”, in American Scientist:


glut

From Middle English glotien, from Old French gloter, glotir (compare French engloutir (“to devour”), glouton (“glutton”)), from Latin gluttiō, gluttīre (“I swallow”). Akin to Russian глотать (glotatʹ, “to swallow”).

Anguilla anguilla
Anguilla anguilla#Translingual

The broad-nosed eel (Anguilla anguilla, syn. Anguilla latirostris), found in Europe, Asia, the West Indies, etc.


parrot

First attested in 1525. From Middle French perrot, either a diminutive of Pierre or a shortened form of perroquet (whence also parakeet). Compare French pierrot and Occitan parrat. A number of origins have been suggested for perroquet, such as Spanish periquito and Italian parrocchetto. The relationship between these various words is disputed. Replaced earlier popinjay.


sea cow

Any of several marine mammals of the order Sirenia, including the manatee and dugong.


apricot

en-noun

apricot (countable and uncountable, plural apricots)

Alteration of apricock (with influence from French abricot), itself an alteration of abrecock (with influence from Latin apricum (“sunny place”)), from dialectal Catalan abrecoc, abricoc, variants of standard albercoc, from Arabic الْبَرْقُوق (al-barqūq, “plums”), from Byzantine Greek βερικοκκία (berikokkía, “apricot tree”), from Ancient Greek πραικόκιον (praikókion), from Late Latin (persica) praecocia (literally “(peaches) which ripen early”), (mālum) praecoquum (literally “(apple) which ripens early”). Doublet of precocious.

der

Prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca#Translingual


skunk

→ Czech: skunk

→ Danish: skunk

→ German: Skunk

→ Finnish: skunkki

→ French: skunks

→ Icelandic: skunkur

→ Japanese: スカンク (sukanku)

desc

→ Kashubian: skunk (Canada, United States)

→ Norwegian: skunk

→ Polish: skunks

→ Russian: скунс (skuns)

→ Slovak: skunk

→ Swedish: skunk

From an unattested Southern New England Algonquian word, cognate with Abenaki segôgw, segonku (“he who squirts (musk) / urinates”), from Proto-Algonquian *šeka·kwa, from *šek- (“to urinate”). Doublet of Chicago.

cog

The beaſts of offence be Squunckes, Ferrets, Foxes, vvhoſe impudence ſometimes drives them to the good vvives Hen rooſt, to fill their Paunch: ſome of theſe be blacke; their furre is of much eſteeme.

1634, William Wood, “Of the Beasts that Live on the Land”, in New Englands Prospect. A True, Lively, and Experimentall Description of that Part of America, Commonly Called New England; […], London: […] Tho[mas] Cotes, for Iohn Bellamie, […], →OCLC, 1st part, pages 22–23:

Any of various small mammals, of the family Mephitidae, native to North and Central America, having a glossy black with a white coat and two musk glands at the base of the tail for emitting a noxious smell as a defensive measure.

Coordinate term: shutout

(slang) A walkover victory in sports or board games, as when the opposing side is unable to score.


skunk

en-noun

skunk (countable and uncountable, plural skunks)

From skunkweed (“certain highly aromatic marijuana”).

Cannabis sativa
Cannabis sativa#Translingual

Cannabis indica
Cannabis indica#Translingual

Any of the strains of hybrids of Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica that may have THC levels exceeding those of typical hashish.


urchin

From Middle English yrchoun, irchoun (“hedgehog; sea urchin”), from Old Northern French irechon, from Vulgar Latin *ērīciōnem, from Latin ericius. Compare modern French hérisson, whence the English doublet herisson.

(historical) A neutron-generating device that triggered the nuclear detonation of the earliest plutonium atomic bombs.


horseshoe

/ˈhɔːɹs.ʃuː/

From Middle English horsscho, horssho, horscho, hors schoo, equivalent to horse + shoe.

almost only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

close only counts in horseshoes and darts

close only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

(Midland US) An open-faced sandwich originating from Springfield, Illinois, consisting of thick-sliced toasted bread, often Texas toast, a hamburger patty, French fries, and a cheese sauce.


hawk

Sranan Tongo: aka

From Middle English hauk, hauke, hawke, havek, from Old English hafoc (“hawk”), from Proto-West Germanic *habuk, from Proto-Germanic *habukaz, controversially derived from a Proto-Indo-European *kopuǵos, perhaps ultimately derived from *keh₂p- (“seize”).
See also West Frisian hauk, German Low German Haavke, Dutch havik, German Habicht, Swedish hök, Danish høg, Norwegian Bokmål hauk, Norwegian Nynorsk hauk, Faroese heykur, Icelandic haukur, Finnish haukka, Estonian haugas; also Latin capys, capus (“bird of prey”), Albanian gabonjë, shkabë (“eagle”), Russian ко́бец (kóbec, “falcon”), Polish kobuz (“Eurasian Hobby”)).

[…] take-out sandwich from Arnie's on Jackson, then a brisk walk to Michigan Avenue in the face of the "Hawk," blowing newspapers and skirts and the gulls wheeling over the Michigan Avenue Bridge in front of […]

2000 September 26, William Anderson, A Season of Flames, Xlibris Corporation, →ISBN, page 27:

[…] a hand-fired coal furnace that required little attention and kept the cottage coy in spite of "the hawk" blowing icy blasts outside. So in spite of Thumper's continuing discomfort we enjoyed a fairly merry Christmas. But then the base daily bulletin was published with the roster of OGs (officers of the guard) for the[…]

2002 June 25, Charles W. Dryden, A-Train: Memoirs of a Tuskegee Airman, University of Alabama Press, →ISBN, page 215:

I wanna learn by Ruby's birthday party." Pride turned up his collar against the hawk blowing from the river."

2007 December 1, Gay G. Gunn, Pride and Joi, Kensington Books, →ISBN, page 47:

[…] in Chicago […] I can't help but love winter and fall. Mostly fall, because fuck snow, and that hawk blowing off the lake is enough to make your teeth drop right out of your skull , but winter can be kind of okay if it doesn't snow a whole lot and no one asks me to go sledding or do some other Hallmark-movie nonsense.

2017 May 30, Samantha Irby, We Are Never Meeting in Real Life.: Essays, Vintage, →ISBN, page 95:

(US, especially Chicago, and nationwide in African-American, often with "the") Cold, sharp or biting wind.

especially Chicago; and nationwide in African-American; especially Chicago; and nationwide in African-American


alce

From Latin alcē (also alcēs). Doublet of Algiz.

Alces, brought for the nonce out of the great wooddes of Germany.

1541, Elyot, Image Gov., published 1556, page 81; quoted in “† Alce”, in James A. H. Murray [et al.], editors, A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volumes I (A–B), London: Clarendon Press, 1884–1928, →OCLC, page 208, column 3:

His creaſt, the beaſt Alce pꝛoper, leaning to an Oke Vert, ſet on a toꝛce de Oꝛ and Gules, mantled Sable, doubled Oꝛ, ſuppoꝛted with a Beuer argent, coloured and vnguled Sable, and an Harpie Vert, Wynged de Oꝛ. The Alce diſcribed foꝛ the creaſt of the ſaid coate Armour, is a wilde Beaſte in the woods of Germany, in faſhion and ſkinne like to a fallowe Déere, but greater, and hath no iointes in his legges: and therefoꝛe he doth neuer lye, but leans to a trée when he doth reſt him.

1572, Iohn Bossewell, Workes of Armorie Deuided into Three Bookes, Entituled, the Concordes of Armorie, the Armorie of Honor, and of Cotes and Creastes, […], London: […] Henrie Ballard, […], published 1597, folios 111, verso – 112, recto:

CAP. XXXI. of Germanie, and the wonderfull byrdes therein, and of the Bugles, Vres, and Alces. wylde Beaſtes. […] There is alſo a beaſt called Alce much reſembling a Mule, with ſuch a long vpper lippe, that he cannot féede but he muſt goe backward. […] OVer againſt Germanie is the Ilande Scandinauia, which bꝛéedeth a beaſt ∗ much reſembling an Alce, which like yͤ Oliphant boweth not the nether ioyntes of his legs, and therefoꝛe lyeth not downe when he ſléepeth, but reſteth himſelfe when he is dꝛowſie, againſt a Trée, the which is ſawne almoſt a ſunder, ready to fall, that when the beaſt leaneth to his accuſtomed ſtaie, he may fall downe: and ſo is hee caught, foꝛ otherwiſe it is a hard matter to catch hym by hand.

1587, Caius Julius Solinus, translated by Arthur Golding, The Excellent and Pleasant Worke: Collectanea Rerum Memorabilium […], Gainesville, Fla.: Scholars’ Facsimiles & Reprints, published 1955:

Moreover, a certaine beaſt, called the Alce, very like to an horſe, but that his eares are longer; and his necke likewiſe with two markes, diſtinguiſh them aſunder. Moreover, in the Iſland Scandinavia, there is a beaſt called Machlis, not much unlike to the Alce abovenamed: common he is there, and much talk we have heard of him, howbeit in theſe parts hee was never ſeene. Hee reſembleth, I ſay, the Alce, but that hee hath neither joint in the hough, nor paſternes in his hind-legs: and therefore hee never lieth downe, but ſleepeth leaning to a tree.

1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book VIII.] Of Scythian beasts, and those that are bred in the North parts.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 200:

Maclis, Plin. A beaſt in Scandinavia like to Alce, very ſwift, leaning to a tree when it ſleepeth, and beeing once fallen, cannot lift it ſelfe vp againe.

1610, Thomae Thomasii Dictionarium Summa Fide ac Diligentia Accuratissime Emendatum, Magnaque Insuper Rerum Scitu Dignarum, et Vocabvlorum Accessione, Longè Auctiùs Locupletiúsque Redditum, 8th edition, Cambridge, Cambs: Ex Officina Iohannis Legati, […]:

The alces hide cannot be pierced with cutting.

1617, Horn & Rob., Gate Lang. Unl., § 193, page xvii; quoted in “† Alce”, in James A. H. Murray [et al.], editors, A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volumes I (A–B), London: Clarendon Press, 1884–1928, →OCLC, page 208, column 3:

If you will ſee the Crocodyle, you muſt goe into Egypt; if the Oſtrich, into Barbary or Ethiopia; if the Rhinoceros, you muſt goe into India; if the Alce, vnto Polonia, &c.

a. 1625, Miles Smith, Sermons of the Right Reuerend Father in God Miles Smith, Late Lord Bishop of Glocester. Transcribed out of His Originall Manuscripts, and Now Published for the Common Good., London: […] Elizabeth Allde for Robert Allot, […], published 1632, pages 255–256:

The hoof in the Falling ſickneſs is accounted nothing inferiour to the Alce’s. […] Of the brain of an Alce in like manner may an excellent Antepileptick be prepared.

1659, John Schroder, translated by T. Bateson, Ζωολογια [Zoologia]: or, The History of Animals as They Are Useful in Physick and Chirurgery. […], London: […] E. Cotes, for R. Royston […] and Rob. Clavel […], pages 5 and 61:

Alce, a wild beaſt, in faſhion and ſkin like a fallow Deer, but greater, and hath no joynts in his legs, and therefore doth never ly down but lean to trees; the horn of it is uſeful in Phyſick.

1671, Edward Phillips, compiler, The Nevv World of Words: Or a General English Dictionary, 3rd edition, London: […] Nath. Brook, […]:

But to come to their wild Beaſts; among thoſe the Alce or Elk, leads the Van in this Country, tho’ among the Laplanders the Bear is ſtyl’d the Lord of the Forreſt, and of all the other wild Beaſts.

a. 1714, J[odocus] C[rull], A Supplement to Mr. Samuel Puffendorf’s Introduction to the History of Europe: […], 2nd edition, London: […] Aaron Ward, […], published 1726, page 551:

The Alce, or Elk, is an animal ſo differently deſcribed by the antients, that it is evident they either knew very little of it, or elſe different writers have deſcribed different animals under this name.

1753, A Supplement to Mr. Chambers’s Cyclopædia: or, Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. […], volume I, London: […] W. Innys and J. Richardson, […]:


bobby

Bro I’m booky, I’ll take your food if my belly starts rumblin
They rap about bootings, they ain’t blammed nobody
Hold that properly when I bang that dotty
I put sniff in a rex, and I slang that bobby

2017, “Next Up?”, Digga D (lyrics), performed by 1011 (Digga D x Sav'O x T.Y):


mountain goat

A sure-footed goat antelope, Oreamnos americanus, of the North American mountains, having black curved horns and a shaggy coat.

ʔəsbe

many Witsuwit'en subdialects, but used in others for "sheep"


fawn

From Middle English fawnen, from Old English fagnian, alternative form of fæġnian (“to celebrate”), whence Middle English fainen, English fain. Cognate with Old Norse fagna. See also fain.


griffin

Chinese Pidgin English: griffin

From Middle English griffoun, from Old French griffon, from Latin gryphus, from Ancient Greek γρύψ (grúps).

A large vulture (Gyps fulvus) found in the mountainous parts of Southern Europe, North Africa, and Asia Minor, supposed to be the "eagle" of the Bible.


killer

killer (countable and uncountable, plural killers)

→ German: Killer

→ Italian: killer

→ Japanese: キラー (kirā)

→ Russian: ки́ллер (kíller)

From Middle English killer, kyller. By surface analysis, kill + -er.

Digital streaming platforms are CD killers.

(figuratively) Something that is so far ahead of its competition that it effectively kills off that competition.


cygnet

From Middle English cignet, signet, from Anglo-Norman cignet, diminutive of Old French cigne (“swan”), from Latin cygnus, cycnus (“swan”), from Ancient Greek κύκνος (kúknos, “swan”).

I am the cygnet to this pale faint swan,
Who chants a doleful hymn to his own death,
And from the organ-pipe of frailty sings
His soul and body to their lasting rest.


anaconda

/ˌænəˈkɒndə/

From New Latin anacandaia (“python”) [originally referring to a species of constrictor found in Sri Lanka, from Sinhalese හෙනකඳයා (henakaⁿdayā, “whip snake”), from හෙන (hena, “lightning, thunderbolt”) + කඳ (kaⁿda, “stem, trunk, body”) or from Tamil ஆனைக்கொன்றான் (āṉaikkoṉṟāṉ, “having killed an elephant”), from ஆனை (āṉai, “elephant”) + கொன்றான் (koṉṟāṉ, “having killed”).

der

ஆனைக்கொன்றான்

Any of various large nonvenomous snakes of the genus Eunectes, found mainly in northern South America. [from 19th c.]

أَنَاكُنْدَة

any of various large nonvenomous snake of the genus Eunectes

(in particular) The green anaconda; Eunectes murinus.

My anaconda don't want none / Unless you got buns, hon

1992, Sir Mix-a-Lot, "Baby Got Back", Mack Daddy

Womack went into the bedroom and checked on his two boys. When I headed to the bathroom to drain my anaconda, I caught a profile of him standing in the doorway, smiling down on the little rascals.

2000, Eric Jerome Dickey, Liar's Game, Signet, published 2002, →ISBN:

I have chased after white women to find they only wanted to dance with my anaconda and weren't interested in me as a partner.

2006, Christopher Darrick Odom, Visa Versa: Black Men Suffer in the Dating Game Too!, iUniverse, →ISBN, page xi:

(by extension, slang, vulgar) A large penis.


anaconda

/ˌænəˈkɒndə/

ஆனைக்கொன்றான்

(card games) A particular variety of stud poker.


tigress

From French tigresse, corresponding to tiger + -ess.

So-al was a mighty fine-looking girl, built like a tigress as to strength and sinuosity, but withal sweet and womanly.

1918 September–November, Edgar Rice Burroughs, “The Land That Time Forgot”, in The Blue Book Magazine, Chicago, Ill.: Story-press Corp., →OCLC; republished as chapter IV, in Hugo Gernsback, editor, Amazing Stories, part II, number 12, New York, N.Y.: Experimenter Publishing, March 1927, →OCLC, page 1164, column 1:

Indestructibly seductive at 79, this greatest and wittiest of all singing tigresses has lasted even longer on the stage than the original glamorous grandmother, Marlene Dietrich.

2006 October 6, Stephen Holden, “Fabled Feline Charms, in Fine Working Order”, in The New York Times:


lammergeier

From German Lämmergeier, from Lämmer, plural of Lamm (“lamb”) + Geier (“vulture”).

According to the Swiss Journal of Ornithology, the Lammergeier, or Alpine vulture, may be regarded as extinct in Switzerland.

1887 November 25, “The Last Alpine Vulture”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2024-03-30:

Gypaetus barbatus
Gypaetus barbatus#Translingual

A long-winged vulture, Gypaetus barbatus, found in southern Europe, Africa and India.


monkey

en-noun

monkey (plural monkeys or (obsolete) monkies)

monkeys (plural)
monkies (obsolete plural)

→ Chukchi: маӈкы (maṇky)

→ Coeur d'Alene: moonki

→ Irish: moncaí

→ Navajo: mágí

→ Scottish Gaelic: muncaidh

→ Tumbuka: munkhwele

→ Welsh: mwnci

Uncertain. May be derived from monk + -ey (diminutive suffix), or borrowed from Middle Low German Moneke, the name of the son of Martin the Ape in Reynard the Fox (which may represent an unattested colloquial Middle Low German *moneke, *moneken), itself of uncertain origin. Possibly derived from a Romance term represented by Late Middle French monne (whence Modern French mone (“monkey”)) or earlier Old French monnekin (“monkey”), originally Monnekin, the name of a monkey in Li Dis d'Entendement. Compare also Old French and Middle French monin (“monkey”). The French terms may have been borrowed from Italian monna (“monkey”), from Old Spanish mona (“female monkey”), itself a shortening of mamona, variant of maimón, from Arabic مَيْمُون (maymūn, “baboon”)). However, Old French monnekin may alternatively be unrelated to the other terms, instead being a borrowing of Early Middle Dutch mannekin (a diminutive of a personal name or surname; hence, nickname, literally “miniature man”).

gl

whence Modern French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">mone</i> (“monkey”)

der

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

you can take the monkey out of the jungle, but you can't take the jungle out of the monkey

He had been visiting an area zoo when a monkey swung from its tree perch, swiped his glasses and hurled them into a hippo hole.

(properly) A member of the clade Simiiformes other than those in the clade Hominoidea containing apes, generally (but not universally) distinguished by small size, tails, and cheek pouches.

Chimpanzees are known to form bands to hunt and kill other monkeys.

(inexact, sometimes proscribed) Any simian primate other than hominids, any monkey or ape.

A thousandth of a million squid or two monkeys
Or a whole fifty scores

2004, The Streets (lyrics and music), “It Was Supposed to Be So Easy”, in A Grand Don’t Come for Free:

(slang) Synonym of five hundred, especially (British) 500 pounds sterling or (US, dated) 500 dollars.


monkey

en-verb

monkey (third-person singular simple present monkeys, present participle monkeying, simple past and past participle monkeyed or monkied)

monkeys (present singular third-person)
monkeying (participle present)
monkeyed (participle past)
monkeyed (past)
monkied (participle past)
monkied (past)

He winked at Liza, who monkeyed him, holding her own eye shut.

2011, Elizabeth Mosier, The Playgroup, page 83:


coyote

→ Irish: cadhóit

Borrowed from Spanish coyote, from a Nahuan language, from Proto-Nahuan *koyootl. Compare Chinook ki-o-tī.

Near Rio Frio we shot several handsome birds, and saw a cayjotte, or wild dog, which in size nearly approached the wolf.

1824, William Bullock, Six Months' Residence and Travels in Mexico, page 119:

Canis latrans
Canis latrans#Translingual

(zoology) Canis latrans, a species of canine native to North America.


caiman

From Spanish caimán or Portuguese caimão, from Kari'na acayouman.

Caimans are reptiles that are closely related to their Central and South American neighbors, the alligators. Adult caimans are usually four to six feet (1.8 m) in length.

1995, Laurie Agopian, Extended Thematic Unit: Rain Forest, page 32:

2002, International Wildlife Encyclopedia: Brown bear - Cheetah, 3rd Edition, page 358,
The caimans are found in South America, mainly in the Amazon basin, with one species extending into the southern part of Mexico and another reaching northern parts of Argentina.

Newly hatched caimans eat insects. Young caimans are eaten by Jabirus, Wood Storks, Great Egrets, and raccoons. Adult caimans have no predators except human poachers.

2010, Carrol L. Henderson, Mammals, Amphibians, and Reptiles of Costa Rica: A Field Guide, page 164:

(strictly) Any of the relatively small crocodilians of the genus Caiman, within the family Alligatoridae.

(loosely) A crocodilian of the subfamily Caimaninae, which includes the very large black caiman.

A semi-aquatic lizard, of the genus Dracaena, found in South America. To differentiate from caimans, they are referred to as caiman lizards.


sea lion

From sea + lion, named from its marine habitat and its lion-like barking roar and mane. Compare Middle English see hound, cee-hound, se hound (“beaver”, literally “sea-hound”).

(heraldry) A monster consisting of the upper part of a lion combined with the tail of a fish (a lion marined).


elephantine

en-adj

elephantine (comparative more elephantine, superlative most elephantine)

more elephantine (comparative)
most elephantine (superlative)

From Latin elephantīnus, equivalent to elephant + -ine.

The scene around them was currently plunged into gloom. Dark mists swirled round them and elephantine shapes lurked indistinctly in the shadows.

1979, Douglas Adams, The Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy, →ISBN, page 132:

This last summer Hanecki had captured Lenin’s imagination with his plans to found a trading company of his own in Europe, or take a partnership in some existing firm and make guaranteed monthly remittances to the Party out of his profits. This was not a Russian pipe dream: every move had been worked out with impressive precision. Kuba hadn’t thought of it himself, it was the brainchild of the elephantine genius Parvus, who had been writing to him from Constantinople. Parvus, once as poor as any other Social Democrat, had gone to Turkey to organize strikes, and now wrote frankly that he had all the money he needed (if rumor was right, he was fabulously wealthy) and that the time had come for the Party too to get rich.

1989, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, translated by H. T. Willetts, August 1914, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, →ISBN, page 179:

Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of elephants.


owlet

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-owlet.wav

Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve

Noticeable features found in many of the owlets are two markings that often appear on the upper forewings.

2023, John Himmelman, Discovering Moths, page 39:


carrier

но́сьбіт

person or object that carries someone or something else

(physics, electronics) A charge carrier.


viper

From Middle French vipere, from Old French vipre, from Latin vīpera, contracted from vīvipara f (“viviparous”, adj.), from vivus (“alive”, adj.) + parere (“to bear”, verb). Doublet of weever and wyvern.

affix

A venomous snake in the family Viperidae.

adder

a poisonous snake in the family Viperidae


gosling

→ Irish: góislín

From Late Middle English goslyng (“gosling”), alteration (due to Middle English goos (“goose”)) of earlier gesling (“gosling”), of North Germanic origin, from Old Norse gæsling, géslingr (“gosling”), from gás (“goose”) + -lingr (“-ling”), equivalent to goose + -ling. Cognate with Danish gæsling (“gosling”), Swedish gässling (“gosling”). Compare also Low German gossel, gössel (“gosling”), German Gänslein (“gosling”).

These Aments (we must no longer call them catkins) are composed both of male and female flowers; what Henry calls goslings in spring are the Aments of the willow tree ; his green goslings are female Aments , and , when mature , have the appearance of little tufts of wool, which appearance is caused by the downy material that crowns their feeds;

1797, Botanical Dialogues, Between Hortensia and Her Four Children, page 8:

When the oak puts on his goslings grey 'Tis time to sow barley night or day.

1893, “Tree Proverbs”, in The Journal of Education, volume 37, page 170:

The common Sallow or Goat Willow (Salix caprea) forms a small bush in rough places and the hollows left by old gravel-pits. It produces the “goslings” which children are fond of gathering at Easter .

1901, Edward North Buxton, Epping Forest, page 116:

In the afternoon: cut back the crack willow around the pool; the fluffy flowers fall on the water. Locally, the flowers are known as 'goslings'. Water. It has no motion of its own; it is the mechanic betrayer of other forces. the breeze gently drifts the goslings to the far shore.

2018, John Lewis-Stempel, The Wood: The Life & Times of Cockshutt Wood:

(dated) A catkin on willows, nut trees, and pines.


sheepfold

Inherited from Middle English shepefald, perhaps from Late Old English sċēapa falde (literally “sheep's fold”), equivalent to sheep + fold.

inh

If civilized life had covered over the ancient verities, Dumuzi learns in his tragic death that the sheepfold is still there to reclaim him.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 180:


wether

From Middle English wether, wethir, wedyr, from Old English weþer (“a wether, ram”), from Proto-West Germanic *weþru, from Proto-Germanic *weþruz (“wether”), from Proto-Indo-European *wet- (“year”).
Cognates
Cognate with Scots weddir, woddir, wadder (“wether”), Dutch weder, weer (“wether”), German Widder (“wether, ram”), Norwegian Bokmål vær (“ram”), Norwegian Nynorsk vêr (“ram”), Swedish vädur (“wether, ram”), Icelandic veður (“wether, ram”), Latin vitulus (“calf”).


wether

en-verb

wether (third-person singular simple present wethers, present participle wethering, simple past and past participle wethered)

wethers (present singular third-person)
wethering (participle present)
wethered (participle past)
wethered (past)

(transitive) To castrate a male sheep or goat.


wether

There was a great fyer in the chamber, the wether was colde, and I saw now and then a Bishop come out;

1527, George Joye, The storie of my state after the bishop had receyued the pryours letters:


piglet

From pig + -let (diminutive suffix). Attested from 1855. Displaced Old English fearh.

Very little was this piglet,
And of course was not a big pig,

1855 December 10, “Mother Goose in Trochaics”, in Buffalo Morning Express, Buffalo, NY, page 4:


Capricornus

/ˌkæpɹɪˈkɔːnəs/

/ˌkæpɹɪˈkɔːɹnəs/

From Middle English, borrowed from Latin Capricornus, from capra (“goat”) and cornū (“horn”).


lion

→ Hawaiian: liona

→ Japanese: ライオン (raion)

→ Maia: laion

→ Tokelauan: leona

From Middle English lyoun, lion, leon, borrowed from Old French lion, from Latin leō, (accusative: leōnem), from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn), of unclear origin. Doublet of Leo, leu, lev, and Lyon. Displaced Old English lēo.

March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb

(by extension) Any of various extant and extinct big cats, especially the mountain lion.


gander

From Middle English gandre, from Old English gandra, ganra (“gander”), from Proto-West Germanic *ganʀō, from Proto-Germanic *ganzô (“gander”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂éns (“goose”).
Cognates
Cognate with Dutch gander (“gander”), Low German Gander, Ganner (“gander”), dialectal German Gandert (“gander”), German Ganter (“gander”), Norwegian gasse (“gander”), Icelandic gassi (“gander”). Compare also Lithuanian gañdras (“stork”). Related to goose, gannet.

what's good for the goose is good for the gander

what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander


cob

en-noun

cob (countable and uncountable, plural cobs)

Of uncertain origin. The word has many disparate senses, which are likely of diverse origin. The specifics of these origins have long been debated, as has the question of which senses arise from which origins. At least the swan sense originated in Middle English cobbe (“male swan; gang leader; bully”). Some other senses likely originated as a variant of cop (“head, top, peak, summit”). In other senses, the word may be related to cub, itself of obscure origin but possibly from Old Norse kobbi (“seal”). However, many alternative etymologies have been proposed to account for some or all senses of cob; various sources have related it, for example, to English cot (“cottage”), Welsh cob (“top, tuft”), or German Kübel (“large container”). All these etymologies are disputed, and the exact origins of cob cannot be known with any certainty.

inh

In all common streams, and private waters, when cygnets are taken up, the owner of the cob must chuse the first cygnet, and the pen the next, and so in order….

1664, John Witherings, “The Orders, Laws, and Ancient Customs of Swans”, in The Harleian Miscellany, volume VII, published 1810, page 292:

The cob waddled out onto the island and looked in the nest.

1970, E. B. White, The Trumpet of the Swan, HarperCollins, published 2000, →ISBN, page 22:

The cob will defend the nest and the eggs.

2008, Nicole Helget, Swans, Creative Education,, →ISBN, page 22:

svanasteggi

there is no special word in Faroese for cob in this sense

cygne mâle

there is no special word in French for cob in this sense

Schwanenmännchen (cf. Schwanen-, Männchen n)

cisne macho

there is no special word in Spanish for cob in this sense

svanhane

there is no special word in Swedish for cob in this sense

Here is also the pica marina or seapye many sorts of Lari, seamewes & cobs.

1668, Thomas Browne, "Notes on Certain Birds Found in Norfolk", in Notes and Letters on the Natural History of Norfolk, Jarrold & Sons (1902), pages 8–9

On Saturday the 28th we saw a whale, two sea-wolves, and two penguins; in the afternoon there appeared great numbers of ospreys, and sea-cobs, and we met with some sea-grass, with long leaves.

1773, Antoine-Joseph Pernety, The History of a Voyage to the Malouine (or Falkland), page 178:

We found here a species of cob, with a grey head, red beak and feet, very much resembling our larus ribibundus….

1820, Sir Richard Phillips and Co. (tr.), Travels in Brazil (in New Voyages and Travels, volume III), translation of Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied, Reise nach Brasilien (1817), page 21

The Raven has a very ancient look about him, as if he could tell a lot if he thought proper, but the Cob looks weird and uncanny, as if he was continually thinking over the creatures that he had seen go down to Davy’s locker.

1895, A Son of the Marshes [Denham Jordan], The Wild-Fowl and Sea-Fowl of Great Britain, Chapman and Hall, page 312

Larus marinus
Larus marinus#Translingual

(East Anglia) A gull, especially the black-backed gull (Larus marinus); also spelled cobb.

…he put his Hand in his Pocket and pull’d out ſome Gold, ſome Broadpieces and a Gold Cob….

1701, Daniel Mac-Cay, testimony in the trial of Patrick Hurly, transcribed in A Complete Collection of State-Trials, and Proceedings upon High-Treason, and Other Crimes and Misdemeanours, volume 5, 2nd edition (1730), page 404

They fancied, that he who sold a Stone of Wool for Two Cobs, callid 9s. when Cobs were raised would sell his Stone for a Cob and a half when called 9s.

1718, Observations on raising the value of money, page 4:

As this sum was greater than ever Swift had been master of at any one time before, he pushed over, without reckoning them, a good number of the siver cobs (for it was all in that specie) to the honest sailor, and desired he would accept them for his trouble.

1774, J. Hawkesworth, “An Account of the life of Dr. Swift”, in The Works of Jonathan Swift, page xx:

He then drew out a large leathern bag, and poured out the contents, which were ſilver cobs, upon the table.

1784, Thomas Sheridan, The Life of the Rev. Dr. Jonathan Swift, Dean of St. Patrick’s, Dublin, volume I, pages 7–8:

Our fituation every day appears more alarming, there being a scarcity of almost every thing in the garrison — fire-wood a cob per hundred; flour five rials per pound; no fresh meat except an old cow, or worn-out ox, (only one perhaps killed in a month) which is sold at four and a half and five rials per pound; fowls twenty to twenty-four rials each; a goose ten dollars; a turkey twenty dollars; eggs a cob the dozen; and every other necessary in proporition.

1793, Samuel Ancell, A circumstantial journal of the blockade and siege of Gibraltar, page 24:

Several of the artillery officers, the Welch fusileers, and a few navy officers, spent the evening at a tavern, well known by the name of Miss Loftus's; on payment of our reckoning, Captain Wilcox was deficient a cob (value about four shillings and ninepence) the payment of which, was offered to him by a Mr. Funston, a lieutenant fireworker;

1795, Mark Moore, The Memoirs and Adventures of Mark Moore Late an Officer in the British Navy, page 49:

It’s absolutely possible to find an affordable ($20-$35) low to average circulated Spanish silver cob dated around or before 1692, especially if you’re willing to settle for the smaller half real or one real cobs.

2006, Todd Cook, The Lost Coins of Early Americans: Still A Secret!, Xulon Press,, →ISBN, page 90:

Cobs were usually irregularly shaped. They were a means to account for a specific amount of silver in a coin that could be used for commerce.

2008, Alvin Rabushka, Taxation in Colonial America, Princeton University Press,, →ISBN, page 154:

Any of the gold and silver coins that were minted in the Spanish Empire and valued in reales or escudos, such as the piece of eight—especially those which were crudely struck and irregularly shaped.


trunk

From Middle English tronke, trunke, from Old French tronc (“alms box, tree trunk, headless body”), from Latin truncus (“a stock, lopped tree trunk”), from truncus (“cut off, maimed, mutilated”). For the verb, compare French tronquer, and see truncate. Doublet of truncus and tronk.

der

the apple does not fall far from the trunk

The conspicuously extended, mobile, nose-like organ of an animal such as a sengi, a tapir or especially an elephant. The trunks of various kinds of animals might be adapted to probing and sniffing, as in the sengis, or be partly prehensile, as in the tapir, or be a versatile prehensile organ for manipulation, feeding, drinking and fighting as in the elephant.

en:long nose of an elephant or other animal

(in the plural) Short for swimming trunks.


trunk

en-verb

trunk (third-person singular simple present trunks, present participle trunking, simple past and past participle trunked)

trunks (present singular third-person)
trunking (participle present)
trunked (participle past)
trunked (past)

Large streames of bloud out of the truncked stocke / Forth gushed, like fresh water streame from riuen rocke.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book I, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 10:

(transitive, obsolete) To lop off; to curtail; to truncate.


cock-sparrow

Shelley was a young fool; so are these cocksparrow revolutionaries.

1881, Robert Louis Stevenson, Virginibus Puerisque:


basilisk

From Middle English basilicke, borrowed from Old French basilique, from Latin basiliscus, from Ancient Greek βασιλίσκος (basilískos) (literally "minor king or chieftain", possibly based on descriptions or rare encounters with different types of cobra which have crown-like patterns on their head; the "deadly gaze" could have been from the spitting cobra's ability to spit venom into the eyes of predators or prey from a distance), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king”). The cognitohazard/infohazard sense is by analogy with the deadly gaze of the mythical creature.

As a guide to start your collection we'd suggest either iguanas, tejus, swifts, basilisks, horned toads or alligator lizards.

Any of the tree-dwelling of lizard of the genus Basiliscus: the basilisk lizard.


tigon

Tigons, ligers and a zeedonk have also been created by miscegenating mammals.

1985, Hartson & Dawson, The Ultimate Irrelevant Encyclopedia, page 66:

A cross between a male tiger and a lioness.


gar

Gars are long, slender, predatory fishes of quiet waters east of the Rockies.

1967, George K. Reid, edited by Herbert S. Zim and George S. Fichter, Pond Life, New York: Golden Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 128:

(especially US, Canada) Any of several North American fish of the family Lepisosteidae that have long, narrow jaws.

luuhauki

a North or Central American fish of the family Lepisosteidae


leveret

From Middle English leveret(te), from Old French leveret, diminutive of lievre (“hare”), from Latin leporem, of obscure origin.

[…] Shall I die like a leveret,
Without any resistance?—Help, help, help!
I am slain!

1623, John Webster, The Duchess of Malfi, act V, scene 5:

Fair Hand that can on Virgin-paper write,
 Yet from the stain of Ink preserve it white,
Whose travel o’er that Silver Field does show,
Like track of Leveretts in morning Snow;

1686, Edmund Waller, “Of a Tree cut in Paper”, in Poems, &c. written upon several occasions, and to several persons by Edmond Waller, London: H. Herringman:

As when two skilful hounds the leveret wind;
Or chase through woods obscure the trembling hind;
Now lost, now seen, they intercept his way,
And from the herd still turn the flying prey:
So fast, and with such fears, the Trojan flew;
So close, so constant, the bold Greeks pursue.

1720, Alexander Pope, transl., The Iliad of Homer, Book 10:

They heard Marvel squeal like a caught leveret, and forthwith they were clambering over the bar to his rescue.

1897, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “chapter 16”, in The Invisible Man: A Grotesque Romance, New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:


liger

An animal born to a male lion and a tigress.


joey

Unknown. Older and more general sources state that joey comes from an Australian aboriginal language (cited as joè), but newer sources that focus on Australian English and aboriginal languages say the origin is unknown. The Australian National Dictionary includes a sense of “young possum” with citations predating the earliest “young kangaroo” citations.

Among the kangaroo words that yield the most joviality and joy are those that conceal multiple joeys.

1998, Richard Lederer, Dave Morice, The Word Circus, page 129:

Sometimes a kangaroo word has more than one joey.

2005, Anu Garg, Another Word a Day, page 132:


zona

Certain freshwater fishes of genus Bedotia (Atheriniformes), from Madagascar:


doe

From Middle English do, from Old English dā (“female deer”), from Proto-West Germanic *daijā, from Proto-Germanic *dajjǭ (“female deer, mother deer”), from Proto-Germanic *dajjaną (“to suckle”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck (milk), to suckle”).
Cognate with Scots da, dae (“female deer”), Alemannic German tē (“doe”), Danish då (“deer, doe”), Sanskrit धेनु (dhenú, “cow, milk-cow”), Old English dēon (“to suckle”), Old English delu (“teat”). Related also to female, filial, fetus.

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-doe.wav

A doe from round a spruce stood looking at them
Across the wall, as near the wall as they.
She saw them in their field, they her in hers.

1923 October, Robert Frost, “[Grace Notes.] Two Look at Two.”, in New Hampshire […], New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →OCLC, page 95:

A female deer; also used of similar animals such as antelope (less commonly a goat, as nanny is also used).


doe

(African-American Vernacular, MLE) though


hatch

From Middle English hacche, hacchen (“to propagate”), from Old English *hæċċan, āhaċċian (“to peck out; hatch”), from Proto-Germanic *hakjaną.
Cognate with German hecken ‘to breed, spawn’, Danish hække (“to hatch”), Swedish häcka (“to breed”); akin to Latvian kakale ‘penis’.

These pullets are from an April hatch.

(poultry) A group of birds that emerged from eggs at a specified time.


poke

From Middle English poken, perhaps from Middle Dutch poken or Middle Low German poken, both from Proto-West Germanic *pukōn or similar, which is itself of uncertain origin, but may be from an imitative Proto-Germanic root *puk-. Doublet of poach.

onomatopoeic

imitative

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a rusty nail

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

Well then, I declare, I'd rather see Miss Lawton in that old poke – old as it is! –than in the finest new bonnet the Squire's lady ever wore.

1857, William Platt, Mothers and sons, page 190:


chick

en-noun

chick (plural chicks or (obsolete) chicken)

chicks (plural)
chicken (obsolete plural)

From Middle English chicke, chike, variation of chiken (“chicken", also "chick”), from Old English ċicen, ċycen (“chicken”). Sense of "young woman" dates to at least 1860 (compare chit (“young, pert woman”)). More at chicken.

The Aldis lamp flashes at the underside of each aircraft. It shows that the gear is down. Diegal is relaxing. This is such low responsibility, easy night duty. All the “chicks” (fighter aircraft) are home to roost except one.

2004, Joe Welzen, The Gutsy Stomach Walker, page 50:

(military, slang) A friendly fighter aircraft.


chick

en-verb

chick (third-person singular simple present chicks, present participle chicking, simple past and past participle chicked)

chicks (present singular third-person)
chicking (participle present)
chicked (participle past)
chicked (past)

plowing in his oats with a very feet furrow; and, after they have “chicked” but before they appear aboveground

1795, William Marshall, The Rural Economy of Norfolk:

(obsolete) To sprout, as seed does in the ground; to vegetate.


chick

Borrowed from Hindustani چق (ciq) / चिक (cik), ultimately from Persian چق (čeq).

1890, Rudyard Kipling, Letter to William Canton, 5 April, 1890, in Sandra Kemp and Lisa Lewis (eds.) Writings on writing by Rudyard Kipling, Cambridge University Press, 1996, p. 34, https://books.google.ca/books?id=-AQStA5QMjwC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false
Then, through a cautiously lifted chick, the old scene stands revealed […]

It is not uncommon at meal-time to see the table servants chasing the sparrows about the room, endeavouring to drive them out while some one holds up the "chick" or bamboo net which covers the doorway.

1905, A. C. Newcombe, chapter VII, in Village, Town, and Jungle Life in India, Edinburgh and London: William Blackwood and Sons, page 106:

[…] at this time of day all the verandas were curtained with green bamboo chicks.

1934 October, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], “Chapter 2”, in Burmese Days, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, Publishers, →OCLC:

Outside I could hear the bamboo chick tapping on the door like a blind man's stick on a kerbstone.

1999, Kevin Rushby, chapter 10, in Chasing the Mountain of Light: Across India on the Trail of the Koh-i-Noor Diamond, New York: St. Martin's Press, page 216:

(India, Pakistan) A screen or blind made of finely slit bamboo and twine, hung in doorways or windows.


unicorn

From Middle English unicorne, unikorn, from Anglo-Norman unicorne, Old French unicorne, and their source, Latin ūnicornis, from ūnus (“one”) + cornū (“horn”). Other senses from either rarity (e.g., possessing multiple skills) or by physical resemblance to having a horn (e.g., howitzer). The finance sense was coined by American investor Aileen Lee and first used in a 2013 article.

But I also think, “They’re looking for a unicorn — a magical designer who can solve all their problems.” It’s too bad unicorns don’t exist. … I have never met a designer who is an expert in all those skill areas. … Even if you find a unicorn designer with all those skills, actually doing all those things at your company is a huge amount of work.

2011 November 1, Braden Kowitz, “Hiring a designer: hunting the unicorn”, in Google Ventures:

He believes that good data scientists, “otherwise known as unicorn data scientists,” have three types of expertise.

2015 October 3, Gil Press, “These Are The Skills You Need To (Eventually) Become A $240,000+ Unicorn Data Scientist”, in Forbes:

en:someone or something rare and hard to find

en:person with so much multidisciplinary expertise as to be rare

Someone or something that is rare and hard to find.

(business) A person with multidisciplinary expertise, especially a laundry list of three or more skills in a young field such as UX design or data science (e.g., domain knowledge, statistics, and software engineering).

Coordinate term: decacorn

As the price of Web hosting plummeted and PCs and cell phones proliferated, college and grad-school dropouts like Mark Zuckerberg or Larry Page and Sergey Brin could suddenly conjure unicorns on their laptops.

2016 October 3, Tad Friend, “Sam Altman’s Manifest Destiny”, in The New Yorker:

In May 2016, out of 163 global unicorns, China had 31, with a total valuation of $154 billion or about 26 percent of global unicorn valuation.

2017, Pongsak Hoontrakul, Economic Transformation and Business Opportunities in Asia, Springer, →ISBN, page 273:

(finance) A startup company whose valuation has exceeded one billion U.S. dollars, which is solely backed by venture capitalists, and which has yet to have an IPO.


unicorn

unicorn (third-person singular simple present unicorns, present participle unicorning, simple past and past participle unicorned)

unicorns (present singular third-person)
unicorning (participle present)
unicorned (participle past)
unicorned (past)

Since Waze, Soluto and Onavo, both Israeli startups, have had great exits in consumer tech, and Wix “unicorned” through its IPO.

2014 November 3, Itay Hod, “The Airbnb of Home-Cooked Meals”, in Daily Beast:

For eager investors looking to score in a future IPO, the eight still-private martech unicorns might be tempting. That list includes Domo, Slack, Sprinklr, Shopify, and EventBrite, all of which have “unicorned,” or surpassed the billion-dollar valuation mark, in the past year or two.

2015 April 30, John Koetsier, “29 martech unicorns: There are now almost 30 $1B+ marketing technology vendors”, in Venture Beat:

For instance, at the same time as Intercom was announcing its unicorning moment, a young Dublin tech company called Let's Get Checked (letsgetchecked.com) raised €10m in a funding round.

2018 April 1, Adrian Weckler, “Admit it: Irish tech is on the up”, in The Independent:

(finance) To exceed a valuation of one billion U.S. dollars, while solely backed by venture capitalists.


moccasin

John Smith (explorer)
Louisville Zoo
Musée de l'Armée
Néstor Kirchner
President of Argentina

From Powhatan makasin, mockasin, mawhcasuns (plural), from Proto-Algonquian *maxkeseni. The word is cognate with Massachusett mohkisson, mokussin, Mi'kmaq mksɨn, Munsee mahkusin, Ojibwe makizin. First appears c. 1612 in the writings of John Smith. It has been suggested that sense 4 (“North American snake”) may be derived from a different Native American word.

refn

From the collection of the Musée de l'Armée in Paris, France.

The formal moccasins belonged to the former President of Argentina Néstor Kirchner (1950–2010) and are from the collection of the Museo del Bicentenario in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

The term Chippewa, which is generaly applied to this nation, is derived from that of O̓ˊche̓pe̓ˊwa̓g, which they restrict to the Indians who reside near Fond du Lac, it signifies plaited shoes, from the fashion among those Indians of puckering their moccassins.

1824, William H[ypolitus] Keating, “Account of the Chippewa Indians. Their Usages, Manners, and Customs.”, in A Narrative of an Expedition to the Source of St. Peter’s River, Lake Winnepeek, Lake of the Woods, &c. &c. […] In Two Volumes, volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea— […], →OCLC, page 151:

At length Chingachgook turned his eyes slowly towards his son, and demanded— / "Do the Maquas dare to leave the print of their moccasins in these woods?" / "I have been on their trail," replied the young Indian, "and know that they number as many as the fingers of my two hands; but they lie hid like cowards."

1826, [James Fenimore Cooper], chapter III, in The Last of the Mohicans; a Narrative of 1757. […], volume I, Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea— […], →OCLC, page 38:

The moccasin is preëminently an Indian invention, and one of the highest antiquity. It is true to nature in its adjustment to the foot, beautiful in its materials and finish, and durable as an article of apparel. […] The moccasin is made of one piece of deer skin. It is seamed up at the heel, and also in front, above the foot, leaving the bottom of the moccasin without a seam.

1850 July, Lewis H[enry] Morgan, “The Fabrics of the Iroquois”, in James Stryker, editor, Stryker’s American Register and Magazine, volume IV, Washington, D.C.: W. M. Morrison [et al.], →OCLC, page 321:

The carving of the toes, the articulation of which is slightly arched in some cases, shows great delicacy[…]. The feet of the leaping youths of the 'Ivory Deposit' omit this feature, since, as was usual in the sports of the bull-ring, they were shod in mocassin-like gear.

1930, Arthur Evans, “§87. Chryselephantine Figurines of ‘Boston Goddess’ and Boy-god Connected with Ivory Deposit: The Mother Goddess and Child.”, in The Palace of Minos: A Comparative Account of the Successive Stages of the Early Cretan Civilization as Illustrated by the Discoveries at Knossos, volumes III (The Great Transitional Age in the Northern and Eastern Sections of the Palace: The Most Brilliant Records of Minoan Art and the Evidences of an Advanced Religion), London: Macmillan and Co., Limited […], →OCLC, page 452:

A traditional Native North American shoe, usually without a heel or sole, made of a piece of deerskin or other soft leather turned up at the edges which are either stitched together at the top of the shoe, or sewn to a vamp (a piece covering the top of the foot).


wolfling

From wolf + -ling. Compare Middle English wolfling (“a creature which is part human and part wolf”).


spout

From Middle English spouten, from Middle Dutch spoiten, spouten (> Dutch spuiten (“to spout”)), from Old Dutch *spūten, *spīuten, *spīwetten, from Proto-West Germanic *spīwattjan, from Proto-Germanic *spīwatjaną. Compare Swedish spruta (“squirt, syringe”). See also spit, spew.

(Australia) A hollow stump formed when a tree branch breaks off.


tomcat

From Tom + cat, popularised by The Life and Adventures of a Cat (1760), by an anonymous author, in which the male cat was called Tom.

(Southeast Asia) An insect of the order Coleoptera referring to certain species of rove beetles, particularly in the genus Paederus. Known for secreting a potent irritant, pederin, which can cause severe skin irritation and blistering when contacted.


turkey-hen

Coordinate term: turkeycock


kitten

From Middle English kitoun, kytton, kyton, keton (“kitten”). Seemingly from, and usually explained as being from, unattested Anglo-Norman *kitoun, *ketun (compare Old French chitoun, cheton, chaton (“kitten”), diminutive of cat, chat (“cat”)); whence Modern French chaton (“kitten”). Similar words of Germanic origin may have reinforced this word; compare English kitling (“kit, kitten”), Low German Kitten (“kitten”), Icelandic kettlingur (“kitten”), Middle English chitte ("whelp, pup", see chit). The idea that kitoun, rather than being of Anglo-Norman origin, was in fact a purely Germanic derivation from one of these words is etymologically problematic, but cannot be definitively ruled out.

gloss

"whelp, pup", see <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">chit</i>

It was supposed to have happened thus: the cat had young kittens, and frequently carried them mice, and other animals its prey, and among the rest a young rat: the kittens, not being hungry, played with it, and when the cat came to give suck to the kittens, the rat likewise sucked her.

1752 January, The London Magazine, and Monthly Chronologer, page 243&244:

To the sounds, however, I paid no attention at first as I was much interested in the subject upon which I was writing; but at length my som Richard burst into my study, exclaiming that the kitten had climbed up to the top of a young ash tree, and could not get down again.

1844, The Kitten, the Religious Tract Society, page 1 & 2:

Jailing her on Wednesday, magistrate Liz Clyne told Robins: "You have shown little remorse either for the death of the kitten or the trauma to your former friend Sarah Knutton." She was also banned from keeping animals for 10 years.

2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in Guardian:

A young cat, especially before sexual maturity (reached at about seven months).


ton

→ Tokelauan: tone, tane

Variant of tun (“cask”), influenced by Old French tonne (“ton”).

ton

various units of mass notionally equivalent to a tun

(colloquial, chiefly UK) Synonym of hundred, particularly

Synonym of hundred, particularly
100 pounds sterling.


sow

From Middle English sowe, from Old English sugu, from Proto-West Germanic *sugu, from Proto-Germanic *sugō, probably from Proto-Indo-European *su(H)kéh₂, from *suH- (“pig”).
See also West Frisian sûch, Dutch zeug, Low German Söög, German Sau, Swedish sugga, Norwegian sugge; also Welsh hwch (“pig”), Sanskrit सूकर (sūkará, “swine, boar”); also Danish so, German Sau, Latin sūs, Tocharian B suwo, Ancient Greek ὗς (hûs), Albanian thi, Avestan 𐬵𐬏 (hū, “boar”). See also swine. Doublet of soor.

In England, it was generally termed a 'sow', if the weight was above 10 cwts., if below, it was termed a 'pig' from which the present term 'pig iron' is derived.

1957, H.R. Schubert, History of the British Iron and Steel Industry, page 160:

(military) A kind of covered shed, formerly used by besiegers in filling up and passing the ditch of a besieged place, sapping and mining the wall, etc.


ook

Imitative of the cry of an ape or monkey.

onomatopoeic

Imitative

He tapped the Librarian on the shoulder. "Excuse me —" "Ook?" "Those guys just called you a monkey," said Glod.

The irate ape cries, "Ook ook! Ai ai ai!" He springs off the edge of the stone basin, clawing Cantare across the face and bursting through the door.

2004, Robert Arellano, Don Dimaio of La Plata:

Fingers pinched my eyelashes and lifted one eyelid. I looked straight into a big, leathery black face surrounded by brown fur. “Ook?” asked the monkey.

2014, Victoria Wessex, Shipwrecked with the Billionaire Rock Star:

(onomatopoeia) Used to represent the sound of the cry of an ape or monkey.

ウキー

used to represent the sound of the cry of an ape or monkey — see also oo oo aa aa


elver

Variant of eelfare, originally "brood of young eels", from Middle English *elfare, *elvare, from el (“eel”) + fare (“group of journeyers”). Equivalent to eel + fare.
Liberman instead connects the second element of this word to a putative Old English suffix *-for(e), but there is no need to posit such a suffix when the traditional etymology suffices. Furthermore, such a suffix is not securely attested, and the spelling of the word's earliest attestation (as yele fare, ell vare) implies Middle English /aː/.

af

When these glass eels enter freshwater they transform again into elvers – miniature versions of the adult eels.

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, Granta Books, published 2013, page 69:


wipe

en-verb

wipe (third-person singular simple present wipes, present participle wiping, simple past and past participle wiped)

wipes (present singular third-person)
wiping (participle present)
wiped (participle past)
wiped (past)

From Middle English wipen, from Old English wīpian (“to wipe, rub, cleanse”), from Proto-West Germanic *wīpōn (“to wipe”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyp- (“to twist, wind around”). Cognate with German wippen (“to bob”), Swedish veva (“to turn, wind, crank”), Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍀𐌰𐌽 (weipan, “to wreathe, crown”), Old English swīfan (“to revolve, sweep, wend, intervene”), Sanskrit वेपते (vépate, “to tremble”). More at swivel, swift.

cog

Some natural tears they dropped, but wiped them soon.

1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

So the plot is that he wipes half the population?

2019 April 25, Amby Vaingankar, Ambycomics (comic):

(transitive) To remove by rubbing; to rub off; to obliterate; usually followed by away, off, or out.

The English, which they thinke lye still in wayte to wipe them out of theyr landes.

1596 (date written; published 1633), Edmund Spenser, A Vewe of the Present State of Irelande […], Dublin: […] Societie of Stationers, […], →OCLC; republished as A View of the State of Ireland […] (Ancient Irish Histories), Dublin: […] Society of Stationers, […] Hibernia Press, […] [b]y John Morrison, 1809, →OCLC:

If they by coveyne [covin] or gile be wiped beside their goods.

1551, Thomas More, “(please specify the Internet Archive page)”, in Raphe Robynson [i.e., Ralph Robinson], transl., A Fruteful, and Pleasaunt Worke of the Best State of a Publyque Weale, and of the Newe Yle Called Utopia: […], London: […] [Steven Mierdman for] Abraham Vele, […], →OCLC:

(obsolete) To cheat; to defraud; to trick; usually followed by out.


wipe

A kind of film transition where one shot replaces another by travelling from one side of the frame to another or with a special shape.


wipe

Compare Swedish vipa, Danish vibe (“lapwing”).

Vanellus vanellus
Vanellus vanellus#Translingual

A lapwing, especially a northern lapwing (Vanellus vanellus).


wipe

From wipe out (verb) and wipeout (noun) by shortening.

If you try to fight that boss underprepared, you're definitely gonna wipe.

(intransitive, roleplaying games, video games) To have all members of a party die in a single campaign, event, or battle; to be wiped out.


toad

From Middle English tode, toode, tadde, tade, from Old English *tāde, a shortened variant of Old English tādie, tādiġe (“toad”).
Cognate with Scots tade, taid, taed, ted (“toad”). Compare also Danish tudse (“toad”), possibly originally from the same prehistoric root; also Swedish tåssa, tossa (“toad”), Old English tāxe (“toad”), Old English tosca (“toad”) by contrast.

Shortly he heard the trolls coming. They had a fiddler with them, and some began dancing, while others fell to eating the Christmas fare on the table - some fried bacon, and some fried frogs and toads, and other nasty things which they had brought with them.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 149:

1971, Jim Morrison, Ray Manzarek, Robby Krieger & John Densmore, "Riders on the Storm", The Doors, L.A. Woman.
There's a killer on the road / His brain is squirmin' like a toad

An amphibian, a kind of frog (order Anura) with shorter hindlegs and a drier, wartier skin, many in family Bufonidae.


she-wolf

From Middle English she wolf; equivalent to she- + wolf.


luce

From Old French lus, luis, from Latin lūcius.

As wee hunt after beasts, so Tygers and Lyons hunt after men, and have a like exercise one upon another: Hounds over the Hare; the Pike or Luce over the Tench[…].

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

The pike, Esox lucius, when fully grown.


tom

From generic use of the proper name Tom.

The male of the domesticated cat, especially if not neutered.


mango

en-noun

mango (countable and uncountable, plural mangoes or mangos)

→ Armenian: մանգո (mango) (or from Russian манго (mango))

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܵܢܓܘܿ (mango)

→ Asturian: mangu

→ Catalan: mango

→ Chichewa: bango

→ Czech: mango

→ Danish: mango

→ Dutch: mango

→ Esperanto: mango

→ Finnish: mango

→ Georgian: მანგო (mango)

→ German: Mango

→ Greek: μάνγκο (mángko)

→ Hebrew: מנגו (mango)

→ Hungarian: mangó

→ Irish: mangó

→ Italian: mango

→ Japanese: マンゴー (mangō)

→ Korean: 망고 (manggo)

→ Macedonian: манго (mango)

→ Norwegian: mango

→ Polish: mango

→ Romanian: mango

desctree

→ Russian: манго (mango)
→ Armenian: մանգո (mango) (or directly from English mango)
→ Kazakh: манго (maño)
→ Mongolian: манго (mango)

→ Slovak: mango

→ Slovene: mango

→ Spanish: mango

→ Swedish: mango

→ Turkish: mango

→ Welsh: mango

Online Etymology Dictionary
Oxford English Dictionary
mango

Borrowed from Portuguese manga, from Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa) / Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy), possibly via Malay mangga, ultimately from Proto-South Dravidian *mām-kāy (“unripe mango”), a compound of *mām (“mango tree”) + *kāy (“unripe fruit”). First used for the fruit as early as the 1580s and the tree by the 1670s. The Oxford English Dictionary says it ultimately stems from Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa, “unripe mango”) (മാവ് (māvŭ, “mango tree”) + കായ (kāya, “unripe fruit”)), while the Online Etymology Dictionary points to Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy, “unripe mango”) (மா (mā, “mango”) + காய் (kāy, “unripe fruit”)). The etymology of the -o ending is not certain.

der

Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy)

檨仔

soān-á, soǎiⁿ-á, sōaiⁿ-á, soāiⁿ--á, soān--á

Any of various hummingbirds of the genus Anthracothorax.


puppy

From earlier puppie (“a woman's pet dog”), of uncertain origin, but probably from Middle English *puppee, *poupee, from Old French poupée, popée (“a doll; puppet”). More at puppet.
Mostly displaced native Middle English whelp (“puppy”), from Old English hwelp, whence Modern English whelp and whelpie.

A young dog, especially before sexual maturity (12–18 months)


chickadee

Apparent onomatopoeia from these birds' calls having a distinctive “chick-a-dee-dee-dee” sound, possibly influenced by chick or chicken.


mackerel

en-noun

mackerel (countable and uncountable, plural mackerel or mackerels)

Sylheti: ꠝꠦꠇꠞꠥꠟ (mexrul)

From Middle English mackerell, macrell, macrelle, makarell, makerel, makerell, makerelle, makrel, makrell, makyrelle, from Old French maquerel. Further origin unknown.

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make lofty ships carry low sails

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make tall ships carry low sails

Certain smaller edible fish, principally true mackerel and Spanish mackerel in family Scombridae, often speckled,

[…] you may buy land now as cheap as stinking mackerel.

c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv]:

I am living fast, to see the Time, when a Book that misses its Tide, shall be neglected, as the Moon by Day, or like Mackarel a Week after the Season.

1704, [Jonathan Swift], A Tale of a Tub. […], London: […] John Nutt, […], →OCLC, page 215:

Philander went into the next room[…]and came back with a salt mackerel that dripped brine like a rainstorm. Then he put the coffee pot on the stove and rummaged out a loaf of dry bread and some hardtack.

1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter VIII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

He sometimes pinches the maids till their arms are as many colours as a mackerel’s back.

1926, Hope Mirrlees, chapter 6, in Lud-in-the-Mist, London: Millennium, published 2000, page 68:

1982, Audre Lorde, Zami: A New Spelling of My Name, Chapter 5, in Zami; Sister Outsider; Undersong, New York: Quality Paperback Book Club, 1993, p. 47,
“ […] if you ever so much as breathe a word about my stories, Sandman’s comin’ after you the very same minute to pluck out you eyes like a mackerel for soup.”

Scomber scombrus
Scomber scombrus#Translingual

typically Scomber scombrus in the British isles.

A true mackerel, any fish of tribe Scombrini (Scomber spp., Rastrelliger spp.)

Certain other similar small fish in families Carangidae, Gempylidae, and Hexagrammidae.


imp

(video games, slang) Synonym of god (“person who owns and runs a multi-user dungeon”)


miaow

(chiefly dated) British spelling of meow


miaow

en-verb

miaow (third-person singular simple present miaows, present participle miaowing, simple past and past participle miaowed)

miaows (present singular third-person)
miaowing (participle present)
miaowed (participle past)
miaowed (past)


dragon

→ Fijian: drekoni

→ Japanese: ドラゴン (doragon)

desc

→ Korean: 드래곤 (deuraegon), 드래건 (deuraegeon)

→ Marathi: ड्रॅगन (ḍrĕgan)

→ Marshallese: tūrāikōn

→ Niuean: tarākoni

→ Swahili: dragoni

→ Tamil: டிராகன் (ṭirākaṉ)

→ Yoruba: dírágónì

From Middle English dragoun, borrowed from Old French dragon, from Latin dracō(n), from Ancient Greek δράκων (drákōn, “a serpent of huge size, a python, a dragon”), probably from δέρκομαι (dérkomai, “I see clearly”). Displaced native Old English draca—a doublet of dragon, as are Draco, dracone, and dragoon.

taniwha

Maori mythological creature similar to a dragon

These tapestries were magnificently figured with golden dragons; and as the serpentine bodies gleamed and shimmered in the increasing radiance, each dragon, I thought, intertwined its glittering coils more closely with those of another.

1913, Sax Rohmer, chapter XIII, in The Insidious Dr. Fu Manchu:

A legendary serpentine or reptilian creature.

In Eastern Asian mythologies, a large, snake-like monster with the eyes of a hare, the horns of a stag and the claws of a tiger, usually beneficent.


lire

From Middle English lire, lyre, from Old English līra (“any fleshy part of the body, muscle, calf of the leg”), from Proto-Germanic *ligwizô, *lihwizô (“thigh, groin”), from Proto-Indo-European *lekʷs-, *lewks- (“groin”). Cognate with Dutch lies (“groin”), Swedish lår (“thigh”).

inh

(UK dialectal, Northern England, Scotland) Flesh, brawn, or muscle; the fleshy part of a person or animal in contradistinction to the bone and skin.

(UK dialectal, Scotland) The fleshy part of a roast capon, etc. as distinguished from a limb or joint.


lire

From Middle English lire, lyre, from Old Norse hlýr (“cheeks”, plural). Compare Middle English lere, from Old English hlēor (“cheek, countenance, complexion”). More at leer.

cog

(UK dialectal, Scotland) Face; appearance of the face or skin; complexion; hue.


lire

From Old Norse líri. Cognate with Norwegian lira.

(UK dialectal, Scotland, Orkney, Shetland, ornithology) The Manx shearwater (bird).


adder

From Middle English nadder, addere, rebracketing of “a naddere” as “an addere”, from Old English nǣdre (“snake”), from Proto-West Germanic *nadrā, from Proto-Germanic *nadrǭ, from pre-Germanic *néh₁treh₂, variant of Proto-Indo-European *n̥h₁trih₂, from *(s)neh₁- (“to spin, twist”).
See also West Frisian njirre, Dutch adder, German Natter, Otter; also Welsh neidr, Latin natrīx (“watersnake”), Dutch naaien.

A name loosely applied to various snakes more or less resembling the viper.

The puff adders, of Africa (genus Bitis).

(US, Canada) Any of several small nonvenomous snakes resembling adders

Heterodon spp. (hog-nosed snakes), a genus of harmless colubrid snakes found in North America

Certain venomous snakes resembling other adders

Acanthophis spp. (death adders), elapid snakes found in Southeast Asia and Australia

Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen, the northern copperhead, a venomous viper found in the eastern United States

A sea stickleback or adder fish (Spinachia spinachia).


kid

en-noun

kid (countable and uncountable, plural kids)

From Middle English kide, from Old Norse kið (“young goat”), from Proto-Germanic *kidją, *kittīną (“goatling, kid”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gʰaydn-, *ǵʰaydn- (“goat”) or Proto-Indo-European *gidʰ- (“kid, goatling, little goat”). Compare Swedish and Danish kid, German Kitz and Kitze, Albanian kedh and kec.
Sense of child since 1590s as cant, since 1840s in informal use.

der

is that what the kids are calling it these days

I have three pairs of kid gloves. I've had kid mittens before from the Christmas tree, but never real kid gloves with five fingers.

1912, Jean Webster, Daddy-Long-Legs: Letter 3:

Only '90s kids will remember this toy.

He's been living in Los Angeles for years now, but he's a Florida kid.

(informal) A person whose childhood took place in a particular time period or area.

No, kid, you didn't do anything wrong; they did!

Here's looking at you, kid.

1942, Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein, Howard Koch, Casablanca, spoken by Rick (Humphrey Bogart):

(in the vocative) Used as a form of address for a child, teenager or young adult.


minivet

Any of about 13 species of passerine birds in the genus Pericrocotus of the cuckooshrike family of southern and eastern Asia.


fairy

en-noun

fairy (countable and uncountable, plural fairies)

From Middle English faierie, fairie, from Old French faerie, from fae + -erie, from Latin fāta (“goddess of fate”). Equivalent to fey + -ry. Attested in English from about 1330, in King Alisaunder, first in the sense of "enchantment, illusion, dream" ("that thou herdest is fairye") and shortly thereafter "realm of the fays, fairy-land" and "the inhabitants of fairyland, collectively". The re-interpretation of the term as a countable noun denoting individual inhabitants of fairy-land can be traced to the 1390s, but became common only in the 16th century, perhaps due to reinterpreting phrases like faerie knight.

The cripple returned the smile and stuck out his hand. Miss Lonelyhearts clasped it, and they stood this way, smiling and holding hands, until Mrs. Doyle reëntered the room.
"What a sweet pair of fairies you guys are," she said.
The cripple pulled his hand away and made as though to strike his wife.

1933, Nathanael West, 'Miss Lonelyhearts' : [Miss Lonelyhearts is male.]:

We saw a horrible sight in the bar: a white hipster fairy had come in wearing a Hawaiian shirt and was asking the big drummer if he could sit in.

1957, Jack Kerouac, chapter 4, in On the Road, Viking Press, →OCLC, part 3:

Wimpy names—e.g., Cecil, Clarence, and Wendell—also seem to carry homosexual overtones, because we all know that fairies are meek and wimpy, just as we know that all wimps are ‘fags’ in one sense or the other.

1989, Marshall Kirk, Hunter Madsen, After the Ball: How America Will Conquer Its Fear and Hatred of Gays in the '90s, Doubleday Books, page 20:

(Northern England, US, derogatory, colloquial) A male homosexual, especially one who is effeminate.

педера́ст

(derogatory slang) effeminate male homosexual


marionette

Borrowed from French marionnette. The word originally meant a small statue of the Virgin Mary, then also a puppet of her used in religious theatrical presentations, finally generalised to any puppet.

If you think we are worked by strings,
Like a Japanese marionette,
You don't understand these things:
It is simply Court etiquette.

1885, W[illiam] S[chwenck] Gilbert, Arthur Sullivan, composer, […] The Mikado; or, The Town of Titipu, London: Chappel & Co., […], →OCLC:

A puppet, usually made of wood, which is animated by the pulling of strings.


lamb

lamb (countable and uncountable, plural lambs or (both dialectal) lamber or lambren)

lambs (plural)
lamber (dialectal plural)
lambren (dialectal plural)

From Middle English lamb, from Old English lamb, from Proto-West Germanic *lamb, from Proto-Germanic *lambaz, probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₁l̥h₁onbʰos, enlargement of *h₁elh₁én, ultimately from *h₁el-.
See also Dutch lam, German Lamm, Bavarian Lamperl, Danish lam, Swedish lamm, Finnish lammas, Scottish Gaelic lon (“elk”), Ancient Greek ἔλαφος (élaphos, “red deer”). More at elk.

cog

one may as well hang for a sheep as a lamb

Mary had a little lamb, its fleece as white as snow.

(finance, slang) One who ignorantly speculates on the stock exchange and is victimized.

Holonym: Lambily

Alternative form: Lamb

Part of me revels in the campiness of Mariah’s butterfly metaphors and puppies-and-kittens existence. […] But I also genuinely love her music, including this album. I’m one of her lambs.

Her latest album, “Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel,” is her best work yet, a warmer and more subtle album that makes her more relatable to those of us who aren’t Mariah die-hards—or “lambs,” as she refers to them.

2010 February 15, Greg Kot, “Mimi cuts loose: Mariah Carey concert at Chicago Theatre shows that the diva can laugh at herself”, in Chicago Tribune, 163rd year, number 46, section 3, page 6:

This year, Ms. Carey debuted a new Las Vegas revue, and, to celebrate, a group of 36 “lambs,” mostly in their 30s and 40s, boarded a party bus and cruised the Vegas strip for about three hours.

2019 January 3, Rich Juzwiak, “In Praise of Their Diva”, in The New York Times, section D, page 1:

But when I saw Mariah in Detroit last year during the Caution World Tour, I was a proud lamb in my tour T-shirt, my very adult body suddenly transformed into my 14-year-old self when she emerged onstage.

2020 February 25, Chris Azzopardi, “I Love You (But Do You Love Mariah Carey?)”, in The New York Times:

Pride Month begins June 1, and Mariah Carey is giving her lambs plenty of new clothes to celebrate.

2022, “Mariah Carey releases her exclusive Pride merchandise”, in WRMF:

(slang) A fan of American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer Mariah Carey (born 1969).


meerkat

→ Japanese: ミーアキャット (mīakyatto)

→ Korean: 미어캣 (mieokaet)

→ Thai: เมียร์แคต (miia-kɛ́t)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-meerkat.wav

From Afrikaans meerkat, transferred use of Dutch meerkat (“guenon [monkey]”), from Middle Dutch meercatte (literally “sea cat”), compare English mercat. Sometimes suggested to be influenced by or derived from an Indian source; compare Hindi मर्कट (markaṭ, “ape, monkey”) and Sanskrit मर्कट (markaṭa). Note however Old High German merikazza, so any influence from Indo-Aryan would have to be exceptionally early.

der

Suricata suricatta
Suricata suricatta#Translingual

Suricata suricatta, a small carnivorous mammal of the mongoose family, from the Kalahari Desert, known for its habit of standing on its hind legs.


sphinx

From Middle English Spynx, from Latin Sphinx, from Ancient Greek Σφίγξ (Sphínx), perhaps either from σφίγγω (sphíngō, “to squeeze, to strangle”) (whence also sphincter), of Pre-Greek origin, or from Egyptian Szp:p-A53-anx-n:x (šzp-ꜥnḫ, “divine image”, literally “living image”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">šzp-ꜥnḫ</i>


alewife

Unknown. Possibly from aloof, the Narragansett name of a fish. See Winthrop on the culture of maize in America, “Phil Trans.” No. 142, p. 1065, and Baddam’s “Memoirs,” vol. ii. p. 131.
Possibly from allowes (“a type of shad”), from French alose (“shad”), from Old French [Term?], from Late Latin alausa, influenced by Etymology 1 due to large belly of the fish.

Alewives are anadromous fish: Born in freshwater, they spend their lives in the ocean, returning annually to their birthplaces to spawn. Until colonial-era dams cut off their migration, hundreds of thousands of alewives would have come pouring into Rogers Lake [Connecticut, USA] every spring – and into other lakes like it along much of the Eastern Seaboard. Farmers used to apply them to their fields as fertilizer, and all along the coast, river herring festivals celebrated their arrival.

2014 April 20, Richard Conniff, “An evolutionary family drama”, in The New York Times:

1865, Henry David Thoreau, Cape Cod, Chapter I. "The Shipwreck", page 14.
I saw in Cohasset, separated from the sea only by a narrow beach, a handsome but shallow lake of some four hundred acres […] , and, after the alewives had passed into it, it had stopped up its outlet, and now the alewives were dying by thousands, and the inhabitants were apprehending a pestilence as the water evaporated.

A migrating North American fish, Alosa pseudoharengus.


gnome

From French gnome (“gnome”), from New Latin gnomus, used by Paracelsus as a synonym for pygmaeus (“pygmy”).

The mountain pygmy owl, Glaucidium gnoma, a small owl of the western United States.


allowance

en-noun

allowance (countable and uncountable, plural allowances)

→ Cebuano: alawans

→ Malay: élaun

From Middle English allouance, from Old French alouance.
Morphologically allow + -ance.

On the Flat, an apprentice jockey starts with an allowance of 7 lb.

(horse racing) A permitted reduction in the weight that a racehorse must carry.


thrush

Uncertain; perhaps compare Icelandic þröstur, Danish trøske, from Proto-Germanic *þrastuz, from Proto-Indo-European *trosdos.

Cervical cancer and recurrent vaginal thrush are both strongly linked to the presence of HIV in women.

1991 August 24, Dawn Schmitz, “AIDS Redefined In 1992?”, in Gay Community News, volume 19, number 6, page 6:

A fungal infection caused by species of genus Candida, affecting the mouth or vagina; candidiasis.


hen

From Middle English hen, from Old English henn (“hen”), from Proto-West Germanic *hannju, from Proto-Germanic *hanjō (“hen”), from Proto-Indo-European *kan-, *kana- (“to sing”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Hanne (“hen”), West Frisian hin (“hen”), Dutch hen (“hen”), German Low German Heen (“hen”), German Henne (“hen”), Danish høne (“hen”), Swedish höna (“hen”), Icelandic hæna (“hen”). Related to Old English hana (“cock, rooster”). Also cognate to Latin cicōnia (“stork”), Latin canō (“to sing”), Russian каню́к (kanjúk, “buzzard”). Compare Russian пету́х (petúx, “rooster, cock”) from Russian петь (petʹ, “to sing”).

Weibchen

generic term for the female of any animal

She was a fat, round little woman, richly apparelled in velvet and lace, […]; and the way she laughed, cackling like a hen, the way she talked to the waiters and the maid,[…]—all these unexpected phenomena impelled one to hysterical mirth, and made one class her with such immortally ludicrous types as Ally Sloper, the Widow Twankey, or Miss Moucher.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter II, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:

Coordinate term: cock

Gallus gallus
Gallus gallus#Translingual

A female chicken (Gallus gallus), particularly a sexually mature one kept for her eggs.

Coordinate term: cock

In Tain, north of Inverness, staff detected 11 males and at least seven hens – the highest number there since 2011.

2023 June 17, Severin Carrell, “Dancing Capercaillie bird makes a tentative comeback in Scotland”, in The Guardian:

A female of other bird species, particularly a sexually mature female fowl.

(UK, informal) A bride-to-be, particularly in the context of a hen night.

Don't cry, hen. Everything will be all right.

(Scotland, informal) An affectionate term of address used to women or girls.

Mercenaria mercenaria
Mercenaria mercenaria#Translingual

The hard clam (Mercenaria mercenaria), a bivalve shellfish.


cattleman

A man who raises or tends cattle, as:
A cattle rancher.


caw

"Amen," said M., in a grave and solemn tone. "Caw," croaked the jackdaw immediately, and with such a sonorous effect, that it disturbed our pious mien and upset our gravity.

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 36:

A rendering of the vocalisation of a crow or other corvid.