aid

aid (countable and uncountable, plural aids)

From Middle English aide, eide, ayde, from Old French eide, aide, from aidier, from Latin adiūtō, adiūtāre (“to assist, help”). Cognates include Spanish ayuda, Portuguese ajuda and Italian aiuto.

aide

aide-de-camp; obsolete except in sense of

(countable, chiefly in the plural, horse racing) The rider's use of hands, legs, voice, etc. to control the horse.


wisdom

en-noun

wisdom (countable and uncountable, plural wisdoms)

From Middle English wisdom, from Old English wīsdōm (“wisdom”), from Proto-Germanic *wīsadōmaz (“wisdom”), corresponding to wise + -dom or wise + doom (“judgement”). Cognate with Scots wisdom, wysdom (“wisdom”), West Frisian wiisdom (“wisdom”), Dutch wijsdom (“wisdom”), German Weistum (“legal sentence”), Danish/Norwegian/Swedish visdom (“wisdom”), Icelandic vísdómur (“wisdom”).

ᎠᎦᏙᎲᏍᏗ

ability to apply relevant knowledge in an insightful way

The ability to make a decision based on the combination of knowledge, experience, and intuitive understanding.


boar

non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger

From Middle English bor, boor, from Old English bār, from Proto-West Germanic *bair.

And drivers on local roads have encountered traveling boars, which can run at up to 30 miles an hour, according to one local resident, who said a friend’s car collided with a 132-pound animal, totaling the vehicle, as well as killing the boar.

2024 August 24, Stephen Castle, “The Loch Ness Monster Has Company in the Neighborhood: Wild Boars”, in The New York Times:

A wild boar (Sus scrofa), the wild ancestor of the domesticated pig.


frog

From frog legs, stereotypical food of the French. Compare French rosbif (“English person”), from roast beef, corresponding term for the English, likewise based on stereotypical food; and Kraut for Germans.

(Canada, offensive) A French-speaking person from Quebec.


pointer

From point + -er (agent noun suffix) or + -er (measurement suffix) (sense 10).

күрһәткес

anything that points or is used for pointing

Anything that points or is used for pointing.

A teacher's pointer, pointing stick, a rod with an arrow.

Most of the early wirehaired pointers represented a combination of Griffon, Stichelhaar, Pudelpointer, and German Shorthair. The Pudelpointer was a cross between a Poodle dog and an English Pointer bitch; the Griffon and the Stichelhaar were composed of Pointer, Foxhound, Pudelpointer, and a Polish water dog.

2007, American Kennel Club, The Complete Dog Book, Ballantine Books, →ISBN, page 30:

(hunting) A breed of hunting dog, trained to point out game.

The system notifies the user of the progress of a task by changing the appearance of the pointer. System-busy pointers usually adopt a timepiece metaphor.

1995, Aaron Marcus, Nick Smilonich, Lynne Thompson, The Cross-GUI Handbook, Addison-Wesley, →ISBN, page 231:

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(graphical user interface) An icon that indicates the position of the pointing device, such as a mouse.


grunt

From Middle English grunten, from Old English grunnettan (“to grunt”), from Proto-West Germanic *grunnattjan, from Proto-Germanic *grunnatjaną (“to grunt”), frequentative of Proto-Germanic *grunnōną (“to grunt”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrun- (“to shout”).
Cognate with German grunzen (“to grunt”), Danish grynte (“to grunt”). The noun senses are all instances of zero derivation from the verb.

der

Any fish of the perciform family Haemulidae.


spot

→ Catalan: espot

From Middle English spot, spotte, partially from Middle Dutch spotte (“spot, speck”), and partially merging with Middle English splot, from Old English splott (“spot, plot of land”), from Proto-West Germanic *splott, from Proto-Germanic *spluttaz (“segment”), from Proto-Indo-European *splt-no- (“an off-split, segment”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pel- (“to split”). Cognate with North Frisian spot (“speck, piece of ground”), Low German spot (“speck”), Old Norse spotti (“small piece”). See also splot, splotch.

cog

A food fish (Leiostomus xanthurus) of the Atlantic coast of the United States, with a black spot behind the shoulders and fifteen oblique dark bars on the sides.


neigh

From Middle English neighen, from Old English hnǣġan, from Proto-Germanic *hnaijan, from Proto-Germanic *hnajjaną (“to neigh”). Cognate with dialectal Dutch neien, Middle Low German neigen, Swedish gnägga, Icelandic hneggja.


neigh

en-verb

neigh (third-person singular simple present neighs, present participle neighing, simple past and past participle neighed)

neighs (present singular third-person)
neighing (participle present)
neighed (participle past)
neighed (past)

"I went into the stable first to see to the horse, and found him neighing and waiting for his hay, so I went up into the hay-loft for an armful[.]"

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 33:

To make a sound similar to a horse's cry.

hirnuma

to make a sound similar to a horses' cry

Yes, yes, 'tis he. I will assure you Uncle, the very he, the he your Wisdom plaid withal, I thank you for't, neighed at his Nakedness, and made his Cold and Poverty your Pastime; […]

c. 1614, John Fletcher, “Wit Without Money, a Comedy”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, Act IV, scene i:


batis

From translingual Batis, the genus in question, itself likely from Ancient Greek βατίς (batís).

Any of several passerine birds in the genus Batis, related to wattle-eyes.


kuda

(archaic) Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus)


purr

purr (third-person singular simple present purrs, present participle purring, simple past and past participle purred)

purrs (present singular third-person)
purring (participle present)
purred (participle past)
purred (past)

Onomatopoeic.

recorded purring of a cat

listen/core

recorded purring of a cat

ombox/core

recorded purring of a cat

ombox

recorded purring of a cat

mbox

recorded purring of a cat

"This is Cindy," she purred again, flashing a smile of perfect white teeth surrounded by full red lips.

2008, C. E. Osborne, Black Gold Death in the Sun, page 12:

(transitive) To say (something) in a throaty, seductive manner.

He purred like a kitten when she massaged his neck.

(intransitive) To make a vibrating throaty sound, as from pleasure.

Beverly passed the city limits sign with the Porsche's motor purring contentedly after its two hundred and fifty-mile romp.

2001, E. C. Craver, Last Reunion, page 159:

(intransitive, of an engine) To make a low and consistent rumbling sound.

бръмча

of an engine: to make a low rumbling sound


purr

listen/core

recorded purring of a cat

ombox/core

recorded purring of a cat

ombox

recorded purring of a cat

mbox

recorded purring of a cat

The trill of her purr echoed inside his mouth when he kissed her again. Clutching at his shirt, her fingers traveled the muscles in his back.

2006, Brenda Williamson, Wolverton Blood, page 53:

A throaty, seductive sound of pleasure made by a person.


purr

listen/core

recorded purring of a cat

ombox/core

recorded purring of a cat

ombox

recorded purring of a cat

mbox

recorded purring of a cat


giddyup

en-verb

giddyup (third-person singular simple present giddyups, present participle giddyuping or giddyupping, simple past and past participle giddyuped or giddyupped)

giddyups (present singular third-person)
giddyuping (participle present)
giddyupping (participle present)
giddyuped (participle past)
giddyuped (past)
giddyupped (participle past)
giddyupped (past)

Not expecting any traffic, he giddyuped them onto the main road.

2011, Janet Dailey, Foxfire Light, →ISBN, page 30:

To cause a horse or similar mount to speed up.


nya

From the Japanese onomatopoeia にゃ (nya).

(anime and manga fandom) The cry of a cat; meow, miaow.


glutton

From Middle English glotoun, from Old French gloton, gluton, from Latin gluttō, gluttōnis (“glutton”).
The use for the wolverine is a semantic loan from German Vielfraß, itself a folk etymology for Old Norse *fjallfress (literally “mountain cat”). The popular belief that the wolverine is particularly voracious only developed because of this name. See the German for more.


monk

From Middle English monk, from Old English munuc, from Proto-West Germanic *munik, from Late Latin monicus, variant of monachus, from Ancient Greek μοναχός (monakhós, “single, solitary”), from μόνος (mónos, “alone”).

der

A South American monkey (Pithecia monachus); also applied to other species, as Cebus xanthosternos.


Manx

en-adj

Manx (comparative more Manx, superlative most Manx)

more Manx (comparative)
most Manx (superlative)

Altered from Maniske, from assumed Old Norse *manskr, an adjectival form of Mǫn (“Isle of Man”), from Old Irish Mana; compare with Norwegian Bokmål mansk.
Also influenced by Manx Manninagh, an adjectival form of Mannin (“Isle of Man”), Isle of Man; cf Scottish Gaelic Manainneach and Irish Manannach.

Relating to the Manx language (also known as Manx Gaelic), a Gaelic language of the Goidelic family.


meow

en-noun

meow (countable and uncountable, plural meows)

Alteration of earlier mew, from Middle English mewen, mouwen (“to mew, meow”), of onomatopoeic origin.
Compare Saterland Frisian mauje, miauje (“to meow”), West Frisian miaukje (“to meow”), Dutch miauwen (“to meow”), Middle Low German mauwen, mawen, mouwen (“to meow”) (whence modern German Low German mauen, miauen (“to meow”)), Middle High German mouen, modern German miauen (“to meow”). Some spellings were modelled on French miaou.
Meow and its spelling variants entered widespread currency in the 19th century, mostly replacing mew. Possibly because phonetic change meant that word had ceased to approximate a cat's cry. Contrast the pronunciation of Middle English mewen /ˈmɛu̯ən/ compared to modern /ˈmjuː/).

(UK, slang, uncountable) The drug mephedrone.


brilliant

en-adj

brilliant (comparative more brilliant, superlative most brilliant)

more brilliant (comparative)
most brilliant (superlative)

Borrowed from French brillant (late 17th century), present participle of the verb briller, from Italian brillare, possibly from Latin berillus, beryllus (“a beryl, gem, eyeglass”), from Ancient Greek βήρυλλος (bḗrullos, “beryl”).

der

(of a voice or sound) Having a sharp, clear tone.

clar

of a voice or sound: having a sharp, clear tone


trace

From Middle English trace, traas, from Old French trace (“an outline, track, trace”), from the verb (see below).

An enquiry sent out for a missing article, such as a letter or an express package.

printed circuit board
printed circuit board

(electronics) A current-carrying conductive pathway on a printed circuit board.

لِوْحَة دَارَاتُ مَطَبُوعَة

(electronics) electric current-carrying conductive pathway

(geometry) The intersection of a plane of projection, or an original plane, with a coordinate plane.


hobbit

en-noun

hobbit (plural hobbits or (humorous) hobbitses)

hobbits (plural)
hobbitses (humorous plural)

Denham Tracts
Hobbit (word)
J. R. R. Tolkien
The Hobbit
The Lord of the Rings
hobbit

Coined in its current sense by J. R. R. Tolkien in the 1930s, featured in the novels The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. Jocularly etymologized by him as from a hypothetical Old English *holbytla (literally “hole-builder”), from hol (“hole”) + bytlan (“to build”) + -a (“-er”). Tolkien was possibly influenced by similar terms for house-sprites (probably from Hob, a hypocoristic form of Robert), or an isolated mention of hobbits (with hobgoblins following immediately afterwards) in a list of sprites and bogies from the 19th-century Denham Tracts.

pseudo-loan

(US, slang, uncommon) A socially unappealing, overly academic student.


shark

From Middle English shark (used by Thomas Beckington in 1442 to refer to a kind of fish), of uncertain origin. Most likely from a semantic extension of the German-derived shark (“scoundrel”), see below. The fish was originally called a dogfish or haye in English and Middle English.
alternative theories
Some older dictionaries derived the word from Latin c(h)archarias, c(h)acharus (from Ancient Greek), but admit that "the requisite [Old French] forms intermediate between E. shark and L. carcharus are not found, and it is not certain that the name [shark] was orig. applied to the fish; it may have been first used of a greedy man".
Other older authorities speculated that the word might derive from Yucatec Maya xok (“fish”) (/ʃok/), as John Hawkins brought a specimen from the area where Mayan was spoken to England in the 1560s. However, the 1442 use rules out a New World origin for the word.

shock (non-rhotic, father-bother merger)

The straunge fishe is in length xvij. foote and iij. foote broad, and in compas about the bodie vj. foote; and is round snowted, short headdid, hauing iij. rankes of teeth on either iawe, …. Also it hath v. gills of eache side of the head, shoing white. Ther is no proper name for it that I know, but that sertayne men of Captayne Haukinses doth call it a sharke.

1569, The true discripcion of this marueilous straunge Fishe, whiche was taken on Thursday was sennight, the xvi. day of June, this present month, in the yeare of our Lord God, M.D.lxix., a broadside printed in London, the second earliest known use of the term; reprinted in A Collection of Seventy-Nine Black-Letter Ballads and Broadsides: printed in the reigh of Queen Elizabeth, between the years 1559 and 1597 in 1867

He said he had spoken to a woman who was kayaking off Catalina Island, California, in 2008 when a shark slammed her kayak from underneath and sent her flying into the air. She then landed on the back of the shark, Collier said. "At that point the shark started to swim out to sea, so she jumped off its back," Collier said.

2011 October 13, AP, “Man 'surfs' great white shark”, in The Guardian:

(ichthyology) A scaleless, predatory fish of the superorder Selachimorpha, with a cartilaginous skeleton and 5 to 7 gill slits on each side of its head.


shark

en-verb

shark (third-person singular simple present sharks, present participle sharking, simple past and past participle sharked)

sharks (present singular third-person)
sharking (participle present)
sharked (participle past)
sharked (past)


shark

From German Schurke (“scoundrel”); compare Dutch schurk.

(informal) A very good poker or pool player. Compare fish (a bad poker player).


manage

From Early Modern English manage, menage, from Middle English *manage, *menage, from Old French manege (“the handling or training of a horse, horsemanship, riding, maneuvers, proceedings”), probably from Old Italian maneggiare (“to handle, manage, touch, treat”), ultimately from Latin manus (“the hand”); see manual.

der

You must draw [the horse] in his career with his manage, and turn, doing the corvetto, leaping &c..

1622, Henry Peacham (Jr.), The Compleat Gentleman:


acara

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese acará, borrowed from Old Tupi akará, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *akara.

etymon

Any of a number of Central American and South American freshwater fish in the family Cichlidae.


whale

From Middle English whale, from Old English hwæl (“whale”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwal, from Proto-Germanic *hwalaz (“whale”) (compare German Wal, Swedish val, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål hval, Norwegian Nynorsk kval; compare also Dutch walvis, West Frisian walfisk, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”) (compare German Wels, Latin squalus (“big sea fish”), Old Prussian kalis, Ancient Greek ἄσπαλος (áspalos), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”)).

The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania.[…]It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishing led to a shortage of whale blubber.

2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:


steer

Inherited from Middle English steeren, steren, stiren, sturen, steoren, from Old English stēoran, stīeran, stȳran (“to steer; guide a vessel”), from Proto-West Germanic *stiurijan (“to steer”), from Proto-Germanic *stiurijaną (“to steer”).
The noun is from Middle English steere, stere (“rudder”), steor, from Old English stēor, stȳr (“steering; guidance; direction”). Compare Dutch stuur, German Steuer, Icelandic stýri.

inh

I tried to give you the steer, but I guess I didn't get it over. Everybody knew it but you.

1939, Mark Hellinger, The Roaring Twenties:

(informal) A suggestion about a course of action.

намек

informal: suggestion about course of action


sturgeon

/ˈstɜːd͡ʒən/

From Middle English sturgiun, sturjoun, from Old French estorjoun (“sturgeon”), from Frankish *sturjō, from Proto-Germanic *sturjô (“sturgeon”).

An investigation has been carried out into the changes in blood chemistry which occur during the migration of young sturgeon and spawned adults from freshwater into saltwater and of the migration of prespawning adults in the reverse direction by Magnin (1962).

1961, W. N. Holmes, Edward M. Donaldson, “1: Body Compartments and the Distribution of Electrolytes”, in William Stewart Hoar, David J. Randall, editors, Fish Physiology, volume 1, page 57:

1997, M. L. Khrykhtin, V. G. Svirsky, Sturgeon catch and the current status of sturgeon stocks in the Amur River, Andreas Bauer, Astrid Kaiser-Pohlmann, Sturgeon Stocks and Caviar Trade Workshop: Proceedings, page 29,
Strict regulation of the catch was introduced in the Soviet Union in 1976 in order to prevent overfishing of the sexually mature sturgeons in the river.

Long and snout-nosed with rows of platelike bony protrusions, sturgeon have a dinosaur-era look.

2002, Elizabeth Grossman, Watershed: The Undamming of America, page 41:

Information on the spawning period, spawning behavior, and other details of the reproductive biology of green sturgeon in the Columbia River is lacking (Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 1995).

2006, Richard N. Williams, James A. Lichatowich, Madison S. Powell, “4: The Diversity, Structure and Status of Populations”, in Richard N. Williams, editor, Return to the River: Restoring Salmon Back to the Columbia River, page 156:

Only about one out of every 80 sturgeons caught in the Sacramento River is a Green Sturgeon, and that lopsided ratio is reversed for sturgeons taken in the Klamath River.

2006, Samuel M. McGinnis, Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of California, Revised edition, page 139:

In 2009, 120,000 Chinese sturgeons were released into the Yangtze River in an effort to boost the population of the endangered species in the wild.

2010, Molly Aloian, The Yangtze: China's Majestic River, page 22:

Any marine or freshwater fish of the family Acipenseridae that are prized for their roe and are endemic to temperate seas and rivers of the northern hemisphere, especially central Eurasia.


wren

From Middle English wrenne, wranne, from Old English wrenna, wrænna, werna, wærna, wrenne (“wren”), from Proto-West Germanic *wrandijō, from Proto-Germanic *wrandijô (“wren”).
Cognate with Old Saxon wrendilo (“wren”), Old High German rento, rentilo (“wren”), Danish rindel (“wren”), Icelandic rindill (“wren”).

acáam ccaa

lit. the one who is looking for her husband

Troglodytes troglodytes
Troglodytes troglodytes#Translingual

Troglodytes troglodytes (Eurasian wren, type species and sole Old World species of the family Troglodytidae).


root

en-verb

root (third-person singular simple present roots, present participle rooting, simple past and past participle rooted)

roots (present singular third-person)
rooting (participle present)
rooted (participle past)
rooted (past)

From Middle English wrōten (“to dig with the snout”), from Old English wrōtan, from Proto-Germanic *wrōtaną (“to dig out, to root”). Related to Old English wrōt (“snout; trunk”). Loss of initial w- probably due to influence from the related noun (Etymology 1).

furgar

coarse slang: to have sexual intercourse

(equestrianism, of a horse) To tug or pull at the reins aggressively by driving the head downwards while wearing a bit.

搶口

of a horse: to tug or pull at the reins aggressively by driving the head downwards


redhead

I like redheads. Their mouths are like a drop of strawberry jam in a glass of milk.

2007, Matthew Weiner, “Red in the Face”, in Mad Men, season 1, episode 7, spoken by Roger Sterling:

Aythya americana
Aythya americana#Translingual

A North American duck (Aythya americana) highly esteemed as a game bird.

Red-headed bunting (Emberiza bruniceps).

Sarcogyps calvus
Sarcogyps calvus#Translingual


caviar

en-noun

caviar (countable and uncountable, plural caviars)

From Middle French caviar, from Italian caviaro or Ottoman Turkish خاویار (havyar), from Persian خاویار (xâvyâr). Doublet of ajvar.

Roe of the sturgeon or of certain other large fish, considered a delicacy.

havjar

roe of the sturgeon or other large fish (black caviar)


glider

From Middle English glider, glydare, equivalent to glide + -er.

Any animal with the ability to glide, such as the marsupial gliding possums of Australia.

By the way, what happens to a beehive which is under attack by one or two gliders such as pictured:

1989 December 22, Norbert Roestel, “CA-LETTER”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

I believe it is indeed new -- I've gone back through everything I can find, as far back as the early 90's when Heisenburp devices were first invented, and there don't seem to be any reactions based on a glider suppressing a blinker.

2006 September 28, Dave Greene, “Small Heisenburp device in Conway's Life”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

In Conway's Life interesting effects can be obtained by colliding gliders.

2008, Derek Abbott, Paul C. W. Davies, Arun Kumar Pati, Quantum Aspects Of Life, page 246:

(cellular automata) In the Game of Life, a particular configuration of five cells that recurs periodically at fixed offsets and appears to "walk" across the grid.

It is a reversible rule, and an interesting one. Shortly after I implemented it, Chris and I were watching it run from a small random configuration of vants, when we noticed a structure consisting of 2 vants propagating away from the others -- it is a glider of sorts, consisting of 2 cooperating vants moving along, erasing each others' trail.

1989 June 11, David Hiebeler, comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

I wanted to test some totalistic automaton and the glider with the B024S1 rule, which Ilmari Karonen described.

2003 May 13, Frank Buss, “Totalistic Explorer and squirm”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

By contrast, consider a rule like Seeds (B2/S) that has "gliders" and oscillators and so forth, so theoretically it might support universal computation somehow.

2007 May 12, Dave Greene, “Wanted: 2D CA, "as complex" but "denser" than Life”, in comp.theory.cell-automata (Usenet):

(by extension) Any spaceship in a cellular automaton, especially one which exhibits glide reflection.

(entomology) Any of various species of dragonfly that glide on out-held wings while flying, such as the common glider, Tramea loewii, of Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia, and the Pacific.


roe

roe (countable and uncountable, plural roes)

From Middle English rowe, rowne, roun, rawne, from Old English *hrogn (“spawn, fish eggs, roe”), from Proto-Germanic *hrugnaz, *hrugną (“spawn, roe”), from Proto-Indo-European *krek- (“(frog) spawn”).
Cognate with Dutch roge (“roe”), German Low German Rögen (“roe”), German Rogen (“roe”), Danish rogn, ravn (“roe”), Swedish rom (“roe”), Icelandic hrogn (“roe”), Lithuanian kurkulaĩ (“frog spawn”), Russian кряк (krjak, “frog spawn”).

der

It was quite flavourless, except that, where its innards had been imperfectly removed, silver traces of roe gave it an unpleasant bitterness.

1988, Alan Hollinghurst, The Swimming-Pool Library, paperback edition, London: Penguin Books, →ISBN, page 40:

Today, some seafood experts say, the cheaper (though mushier) roe feeds 60 percent of the market.

2003 July 20, Jeffrey Gettleman, “Humble Paddlefish Fulfills Southerners' Caviar Dreams”, in The New York Times:


roe

From Middle English ro, roa, from Old English rā, rāha, from Proto-West Germanic *raihō, from Proto-Germanic *raihô, *raihą, from *róyko-, from Proto-Indo-European *rey- (“spotted, streaked”).
See also Saterland Frisian Räi, Dutch ree, German Reh; also Irish riabh (“tripe, streak”), Latvian ràibs (“spotted”), Russian рябо́й (rjabój, “mottled fur”).

And let his foes like flockes of feareful Roes,
Purſude by hunters, flie his angry lookes,
That I may ſee him iſſue Conquerour.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:

The lofty mountains roſe faint to the ſight and loſt their foreheads in the diſtant ſkies: the little hills, cloathed in darker green and ſkirted with embroidered vales, diſcovered the ſecret haunts of kids and bounding roes.

1769, Firishta, translated by Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi, volume I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al., page iv:

"[...] and we may, God willing, meet with a roe. The roe, Captain Waverley, may be hunted at all times alike; for never being in what is called pride of grease, he is also never out of season, though it be a truth that his venison is not equal to that of either the red or fallow deer. But he will serve to show how my dogs run [...]"

1814, Walter Scott, chapter 12, in Waverley:


knot

From Middle English knotte, from Old English cnotta, from Proto-West Germanic *knottō, from Proto-Germanic *knuttô, *knudô (“knot”); probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gnod- (“to bind”).
See also Old High German knoto (German Knoten, Dutch knot, Low German Knütte; also Old Norse knútr > Danish knude, Swedish knut, Norwegian knute, Faroese knútur, Icelandic hnútur; also Latin nōdus and its Romance descendants. Doublet of knout, node, and nodus.
* (unit of speed): From the practice of counting the number of knots in the log-line (as it is paid out) in a standard time. Traditionally spaced at one every ¹⁄₁₂₀ of a mile.

In the early stages of reentry, due to the extremely-rarefied air at these altitudes, the space shuttle flew at only one to a few knots equivalent airspeed, even when its actual speed was many thousands of knots.

(aviation) A unit of indicated airspeed, calibrated airspeed, or equivalent airspeed, which varies in its relation to the unit of speed so as to compensate for the effects of different ambient atmospheric conditions on aircraft performance.


knot

Supposed to be derived from the name of King Canute, with whom the bird was a favourite article of food. See the specific epithet canutus.

My foot-boy shall eat pheasants, calvered salmons, / Knots, godwits, lampreys: I myself will have / The beards of barbels, served instead of salads […]

Calidris canutus
Calidris canutus#Translingual

One of a variety of shore birds; red-breasted sandpiper (variously Calidris canutus or Tringa canutus).


sai

Borrowed from Hokkien 屎 (sái, “excrement; poop”).

bor+

[…]the employer of the unfortunate maid that was forced to makan sai are indonesians.

1998 February 10, Thye Hoon Lin, “SM Lee was right - Johor is notorious for muggings!”, in soc.culture.malaysia (Usenet):

It is Chek Lap Kok ho lang. You should makan sai. Are you an Orang Laut trying to speak Chinese?

1998 July 9, SimiSar, “[sangkancil] New HK airport faces barrage of criticism (fwd)”, in soc.culture.malaysia (Usenet):

go and take your morning shower and wash your arse with water and soap after pang sai

2003 April 18, Bone Toad, “Christ won”, in soc.culture.malaysia (Usenet):

(Singapore, Malaysia, colloquial, vulgar) shit


fish stick

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fish stick.wav

(US) A rectangular piece of processed fish coated in breadcrumbs that is cooked by frying or grilling.


stare

From Middle English star, ster, from Old English stær (“starling”), from Proto-Germanic *starô (“starling”), from Proto-Indo-European *stor- (“starling”).
Cognate with German Star (“starling”), Danish stær (“starling”), Swedish stare (“starling”), Norwegian Nynorsk stare (“starling”), Icelandic stari (“starling”). Compare also Old English stearn (“a type of bird, starling”).

cog

The Stares be bigger than thoſe in England, as blacke as Crovves, being the most troubleſome, and injurious bird of all others, pulling up the cornes by the roots, vvhen it is young, […]

1634, William Wood, “Of the Birds and Fowles both of Land and Water”, in New Englands Prospect. A True, Lively, and Experimentall Description of that Part of America, Commonly Called New England; […], London: […] Tho[mas] Cotes, for Iohn Bellamie, […], →OCLC, 1st part, page 29:


dachshund

en-noun

dachshund (plural dachshunds or dachshunde)

From German Dachshund (“badger dog”); Dachs (“badger”) + Hund (“dog”).

Say what you will of dachshunds, their peculiar shape makes them the easiest breed of dog to trip over in existence.

1960, P[elham] G[renville] Wodehouse, chapter XVI, in Jeeves in the Offing, London: Herbert Jenkins, →OCLC:

We had decided to take a small dog for the children and we chose a tan, short-haired, six-week-old male dachshund. We named him Fritz.

2006, Ted Freeman, Doctor in Vanuatu, Suva, Fiji: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific, →ISBN, page 35:

dashhound

spelling from a nonstandard pronunciation

A certain breed of dog having short legs and a long trunk, including standard-sized, miniature (smooth-haired, long-haired, and short-haired) varieties.


gopher

Perhaps an adaptation of Cajun French gaufre (literally “honeycomb, waffle”), based on the analogy of holes in the ground to the indentations in a honeycomb or a waffle (doublet of waffle). Alternatively, from Muskogean.

bor

A small burrowing rodent native to North and Central America, especially in the family Geomyidae (true gophers).


beagle

From Middle English *begel (begles (plural)), of uncertain origin. Possibly a corruption of Middle English bedel (“beadle”) in the sense of "constable, detective" (for change of d compare Middle English bugge from Old English budda; Middle English -inge from -inde; etc.); or alternatively from Middle French beegueule (“one who keeps their mouth open”), whence modern French bégueule (“a colloquial insult said to women of low status and accused of stupidity, who always have their mouths gaped or open; a prude”); from Old French beer, bayer (“to gape, gawk”) + Old French gueule (“gullet”). The modern French bigle (“beagle”) however is a borrowing from the English.

ncog

A small short-legged smooth-coated scenthound, often tricolored and sometimes used for hunting hares. Its friendly disposition makes it suitable as a family pet.

зайчар

small short-legged smooth-coated scenthound, often tricolored and sometimes used for hunting hares or as a family pet


runner

From Middle English rennere, rynner, urnare, equivalent to run + -er. Cognate with Old Norse rennari (“runner; messenger”). Displaced earlier Middle English runel (“runner”), from Old English rynel (“runner”; also “messenger, courier”).

махови́к

mechanical part intended to guide or aid something else to move

A leaping food fish (Elagatis pinnulatis) of Florida and the West Indies; the skipjack, shoemaker, or yellowtail.


tattoo

bor

Hindi टट्टू (ṭaṭṭū)


silvery pomfret

en-noun

silvery pomfret (plural silvery pomfrets)

Pampus argenteus
Wikispecies:Pampus argenteus


pomfret

Perhaps derived from Portuguese pampano, a kind of fish.

A fish of family Bramidae, consisting of eight genera and some twenty species.


fry

From Middle English frie (“spawn of fish, young or small fish, offspring, progeny, children”), probably from Old Norse frjó (“seed, semen”), from Proto-Germanic *fraiwą (“seed, semen, offspring”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)per-, *(s)prey- (“to strew, sow”). Cognate with Icelandic frjó (“pollen, seed”), Icelandic fræ (“seed”), Swedish frö (“seed, embryo, grain, germ”), Danish and Norwegian frø (“seed”), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍅 (fraiw, “seed”). Likely merging with Old French froiz, froie (“spawn, spawning”), from froier, freier (“to spawn”), from Latin fricō (“to rub”). The Middle English is attested earlier than the terms in Old French, and the Anglo-Norman forms frie, fry are borrowings from the Middle English.

cog

it is not possible for man to sever the wheat from the tares, the good fish from the other frie; that must be the Angels Ministery at the end of mortall things.


fry

Dialectal, of obscure origin. Perhaps related to or a corruption of frith (“a wood, forest", also "brushwood, wattle”), from Middle English fryth, frith (“forest, woodland, a fence of brush or wattle, hedge”).

unc

obscure


silverfish

en-noun

silverfish (plural silverfish or silverfishes)

silverfish (plural)
silverfishes (plural)

From silver + fish: from its appearance, in the case of the insect.

Silver fish (fish)
Silverfish (disambiguation)
silverfish

Megalops atlanticus (Atlantic tarpon, tarpum).


hoe

From Middle English howe, from Anglo-Norman houe, from Frankish *hauwā (compare Middle Dutch houwe), from Frankish *hauwan (“to hew”), from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to cut, hew”). More at hew.

It was obvious that it consisted of several blows to the head from the hoe.

An agricultural tool consisting of a long handle with a flat blade fixed perpendicular to it at the end, used for digging rows or removing weeds.


hoe

From Middle English hough, hogh, from Old English hōh.

A piece of land that juts out towards the sea; a promontory.


hoe

Squalus acanthias
Squalus acanthias#Translingual

(Orkney, Shetland) The horned or piked dogfish, Squalus acanthias.


German shepherd

German shepherd (plural German shepherds)

A more commonly used shortening of German Shepherd Dog.

A large-sized breed of dog often used as a guard dog or police dog.

ജർമൻ ഷെപ്പേർഡ്

jaṟmaṉ ṣeppēṟḍŭ


frock

From Middle English frok, frokke, from Old French froc (“frock, a monk's gown or habit”), perhaps via Medieval Latin hrocus, roccus, rocus (“a coat”), from Frankish *hrokk (“skirt, dress, robe”), from Proto-Germanic *hrukkaz (“robe, jacket, skirt, tunic”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreḱ- (“to weave”).
Cognate with Old High German hroch, roch (“skirt, dress, cowl”) – whence German Rock (“skirt, coat”) –, Saterland Frisian Rok (“skirt”), Dutch rok (“skirt, petticoat”), Old English rocc (“an overgarment, tunic, rochet”), Old Norse rokkr (“skirt, jacket”), whence Danish rok (“garment”).

cog

A dress, a piece of clothing, which consists of a skirt and a cover for the upper body.


pelican

From Middle English pellican, pellicane, from Old English pellican (“pelican”), from Latin pelecānus, from Ancient Greek πελεκάν (pelekán),
πέλεκυς (pélekus, “hatchet”).

The old have outlived that mental world we so misname in calling it a world of enjoyment;—they have outlived the feverish dreams which waste those keen hopes—the pelicans of the heart, feeding on the life-blood of their parent;—they have now no part in the excitement of success, whether in its desire or disappointment.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter III, in Romance and Reality. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 54:

Pelicans fly below us with stiffly formal strokes, and gulls wheel and keen.

1981, Gene Wolfe, chapter VIII, in The Claw of the Conciliator (The Book of the New Sun; 2), New York: Timescape, →ISBN, page 71:

Any of various seabirds of the family Pelecanidae, having a long bill with a distendable pouch.

laradash

any of various seabirds of the family Pelecanidae


pace

→ Japanese: ペース (pēsu)

From Middle English pase, from Anglo-Norman pas, Old French pas, and their source, Latin passus. Doublet of pas and fathom; compare also pass. Cognate with Spanish pasear.

походка

way of stepping: rate or style of how someone moves with their feet

(cricket) A measure of the hardness of a pitch and of the tendency of a cricket ball to maintain its speed after bouncing.

(obsolete) A passage, a route.
(obsolete) One's journey or route.

A passage, a route.
One's journey or route.


ani

Borrowed from Portuguese ani or Spanish aní, both from Old Tupi any.

Any bird of the genus Crotophaga in the cuckoo family.


gib

Only gib me some few shingles an’ a flo’, an’ dar yer hev jes ez good a church ez de ’postles ebber hed ter preach in.

1880, Albion W. Tourgee, “Red Wing”, in Bricks Without Straw, New York, N.Y.: Fords, Howard, & Hulbert; London: Sampson Low & Co.; Montreal, Que.: Dawson Bros., page 87:

I has gib you licker an’ I has gib you music, an’ wife, dar, is cookin’ supper fur you, an’ it ain’ no mo’ den reason dat I’d wanter know whut we gwine git fur it.[…]“Yo’ supper is done an’ ef you’ll jest gib me room I’ll fix de table,” the woman remarked, taking the bread off the griddle.

1896, Opie Read, chapter VIII, in The Jucklins, Chicago, Ill.: Laird & Lee, pages 105 and 107:

De kindest heartedest little boy in de worl’ would forget to gib his cat its dinner if he had a new toy to play wid, or a new suit o’ party dress to put on to show his poppy when he come home.

1902, John Kendrick Bangs, Bikey the Skicycle & Other Tales of Jimmieboy, New York, N.Y.: Riggs Publishing Company, page 181:

Please, Mars’ Gineral, do gib me dime fer snack.

1938, Hervey Allen, Action at Aquila, New York, N.Y.: Farrar & Rinehart, page 98:

Don’t your mommy gib you bacoln?

1988, Lynda Barry, The Good Times Are Killing Me, published 2020, →ISBN:

“My daddy doesn’t gib me guns, ’cause he doesn’t like dem. But Pop will gib me one when I gets ten.”

2002 July, Patricia Sprinkle, Who Invited the Dead Man?, Signet, →ISBN:

“Maybe you could jus’ gib me one, then,” she suggested sweetly.

2007, Victoria Pade, A Family for the Holidays, Silhouette Books, →ISBN, page 12:

Hooman you is nice, / You gib me bath so I no hab lice.

2021 March, Srashti Behure, Unconditional: Pets Over Peeps, Spectrum of Thoughts (an affiliate of FanatiXx), →ISBN:

“Gib us our toy bacc!” reads the caption accompanying this dog video [by @lifewithkleekai].

2022 February 8, Sohini Sengupta, “Dogs react to human freezing their favourite toys. Watch hilarious video”, in Hindustan Times:

“I be model for fotos, now you gib treats”

2022 February 10, Steve Rouge, “The Cutest Puppies of the Day”, in Medium:

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


martin

From Middle French martin (French martinet).

Roof-haunting martins warm their eggs: / In these, in those the life is stay’d.

1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Day-Dream. The Sleeping Palace.”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 150:

Any of various passerine birds of the family Hirundinidae, which also includes swallows, that catch insects whilst flying.


Devon

From Old English Defenas, which meant both "Devonians" and "Devon," exemplifying the common Anglo-Saxon practice of naming a place after the people who inhabit it.

Any of a number of places in US and Canada.

An unincorporated community in New Castle County, Delaware, United States.

New Castle County
New Castle County#English

An unincorporated community in Mingo County, West Virginia, United States.


fluke

From Old English flōc (“flatfish”), of Germanic origin, related to German flach (“flat”), Old Norse floke (“flatfish”), all ultimately from Proto-Germanic *flakaz.

A summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus)


woofer

A loudspeaker that produces low-frequency sound.


woofer

On the Big Island, for example, many samll. farming operations depend on unpaid labor such as 'woofers', to fulfill their labour needs cheaply. Woofers are those who labour on organic farms within the World Organization of Organic Farms (WOOF) Network.

2016, Marlyne Sahakian, Czarina Saloma, Suren Erkman, Food Consumption in the City, page 118:


scull

From Middle English sculle (“a type of oar”), of uncertain origin, possibly from North Germanic, from Old Norse skola (“to rinse, wash”).

A single oar mounted at the stern of a boat and moved from side to side to propel the boat forward.

рул

A light rowing boat used for racing by one, two, or four rowers, each operating two oars (sculls), one in each hand.


scull

See skull. The verb sense may derive from Danish/Norwegian/Swedish skål.

The scull is a head piece, without visor or bever, resembling a bowl or bason, such as was worn by our cavalry, within twenty or thirty years.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 11:

A skull cap. A small bowl-shaped helmet, without visor or bever.


pariah

From Tamil பறையர் (paṟaiyar), from பறையன் (paṟaiyaṉ, “drummer”), from பறை (paṟai, “drum”) or from Malayalam പറയർ (paṟayaṟ), from പറയൻ (paṟayaṉ, “drummer”), from പറ (paṟa, “drum”). Parai in Tamil or Para in Malayalam refers to a type of large drum designed to announce the king’s notices to the public. The people who made a living using the parai were called paraiyar; in the caste-based society they were in the lower strata, hence the derisive paraiah and pariah.
Alternatively, derived from Sanskrit पर (para, “distant; outsider”).

(zoology) Ellipsis of pariah dog: an Indian breed, any stray dog in Indian contexts.


brumby

Unknown; perhaps from James Brumby, early Australian soldier and pastoralist, who is said to have left horses at his abandoned property.

I'm too weak to ride. I'd have to ride, because for one thing the white-ants have eaten the wheels of my buckboard, and my one cart-horse has gone bush with the brumbies.

1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter VIII, in Capricornia, page 125:

"It could mean one of two things," he said. "Either that help is coming, or that a herd of wild brumbies is passing somewhere near."

1943, H. Lorna Bingham, The Lost Tribe, Sydney: Winn and Co., page 31, column 2:

He captures brumbies, the wild horses of the outback, running them down on motorcycles and shipping them to the city where they are butchered for pet food.

If the latter situation prevails, brumbies can be developed into valuable stockhorses, either for use on the local property or for sale in other areas.
Whatever the condition of a captured brumby, there is always the potential of selling it for pet food, fish bait, or even for human consumption.

1976, Tom Lee McKnight, Friendly Vermin: A Survey of Feral Livestock in Australia, page 17:

Harry Farquharson said there were two or three springs and that the horses were “bloody wild”. He said there were probably about 300 and they were good horses, a long way above the average brumby.


megachiropteran

(zoology) A fruit bat of suborder Megachiroptera.


eaglet

He [Christopher North] speaks in his "Second Canticle" of "the imps," "the eaglets," "the young ones," "the bursting of the shells," as though it were the commoner occurrence for there to be several eaglets in a nest. This is not the case.

1861, Charles Boner, “The Golden Eagle”, in Forest Creatures, London: Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts, page 177:

Alas! in the morning the eaglet was gone; and, full of sorrow, they stooped to pick up the shining fleece with which the floor was spread. At their touch, every feather became a golden coin.

1879 January, Ellis Clare, “The Christmas Eaglet”, in Ballou's Monthly Magazine, volume 49, number 1, Boston: Thomes & Talbot:

[A]fter the ten days Arkirie came to the king and asked him to give him two eaglets.

1900, M. Gaster, “Art. XIII.—Contributions to the History of Aḥiḳar and Nadan”, in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland, page 308:

Once the eaglets are born—tiny balls of white fuzz—the adult eagles prove that birds can be as protective and solicitous of their young as humans. They'll rip food into bite-size pieces for the eaglets and stand ceaseless watch over the eyrie.

1962 July 20, Richard Petrow, “Last chance to save the Bald Eagle”, in Popular Science, volume 181, number 1, →ISSN, page 192:

The early days and weeks of an eaglet’s life are not without risks.

2024 March 6, Francine Kiefer, “Bald eagles offer webcam lessons on patience and parenting”, in The Christian Science Monitor:

The immature young of an eagle; an eagle chick.


friar

PIE word
 *bʰréh₂tēr
From Middle English frere, from Old French frere, from Latin frāter (“brother”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr (“brother”). Doublet of bhai, brother, frater, and pal.


cross country

en-noun

cross country (countable and uncountable, plural cross countries or cross countrys)

cross countries (plural)
cross countrys (plural)

(sports) A running sport popular in US high schools, colleges, etc., where participants race over varying terrain (e.g. golf courses, roads, etc.) in approximately 5- to 10-kilometre races. Abbreviated XC.

A phase of the equestrian sport of three day eventing, which the horse and rider travel over varied terrain and jump natural obstacles.

(countable) Flight between two points or aerodromes using navigational techniques.


horsey

When he got in the house, if I'd left him to read his newspaper in quiet, then he'd play horsey with me, riding me around the house on his back; I'd put a pillow on his back for my saddle

When you get down on the floor and play “horsey”, you are giving yourself a heck of a workout – and it is fun for the kids!

2003, Bill Phillips, Eating for Life: Your Guide to Great Health, Fat Loss and Increased Energy:


Amazon

From Spanish, Río Amazonas. It is common belief that the Spanish explorer Francisco de Orellana fought a battle against a tribe of Tapuya natives, in which the women fought alongside the men, and that he derived the name from the Amazons in Greek mythology.

Amazon milk frog

(sometimes attributive) A region including much of this river; specifically, the region of the Amazon Rainforest, or of the Amazon River Basin.


howler

From howl + -er. Some senses are derivatives of the intensifier "howling", as in "howling wilderness", (Deuteronomy 32:10)

Our hansom came a howler.

(slang) A serious accident (especially to come a howler or go a howler; compare come a cropper).


toki

The Toki or Japanese crested ibis (ibis nippon) is an almost extinct kind of bird resembling the heron.

1934, Frederic de Garis, Atsuharu Sakai, We Japanese, page 354:

The few remaining toki live on Sado Island in Japan and in China.

Sado is home of the Toki (Japanese Crested Ibis), however there are no wild Ibis left in Sado[.]

2015, T. Turner, Japan Travel Guide 2017:

Nipponia nippon
Nipponia nippon#Translingual

The Japanese crested ibis, Nipponia nippon.


kit

kit (countable and uncountable, plural kits)

From Middle English kyt, kytt, kytte, from Middle Dutch kitte (“a wooden vessel made of hooped staves”). Related to Dutch kit (“tankard”) (see below). The further etymology is unknown. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *kitjō-, *kut-, which would be related to the root of Dutch kot (“ramshackle house”), itself of non-Indo-European origin.
The transfer of meaning to the contents of a soldier's knapsack dates to the late 18th century, extended use of any collection of necessaries used for travelling dates to the first half of the 19th century.
The further widening of the sense to a collection of parts sold for the buyer to assemble emerges in US English in the mid 20th century.

der

A circular wooden vessel, made of hooped staves.


kit

A short form of kitten and/or kitling. From the 16th century (spelled kytte, kitt).
From the 19th century also extended to other young animals (mink, fox, beaver, muskrat, etc.), and to a species of small fox ("kit-fox"). Later usage (for other animals) perhaps influenced by chit.


kit

A dancing master's kit.

1681, Nehemiah Grew, Musæum Regalis Societatis. Or A Catalogue & Description of the Natural and Artificial Rarities Belonging to the Royal Society and Preserved at Gresham Colledge. […], London: […] W. Rawlins, for the author, →OCLC:

Prince Turveydrop then tinkled the strings of his kit with his fingers, and the young ladies stood up to dance.

1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC:


hermit

From Middle English hermite, heremite, eremite, from Old French eremite, from Ecclesiastical Latin, Late Latin eremita, from Ancient Greek ἐρημίτης (erēmítēs, “person of the desert”) from ἐρημία (erēmía, “desert, solitude”), from ἔρημος (érēmos) or ἐρῆμος (erêmos, “uninhabited”) plus -ίτης (-ítēs, “one connected to, a member of”). Doublet of eremite. Displaced native Old English ānsetla.

Any in the subfamily Phaethornithinae of hummingbirds.


bludger

Oscar pondered for a while, then said, "Oh, but halfcastes don't seem to be any good at all. All the men here are loafers and bludgers, the women practically all whores."

1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter VII, in Capricornia, page 106:

This was the bludger or, in American parlance, the pimp, a man who lived on the earnings of prostitution. He was often the husband or boyfriend of a prostitute and could be actively involved in protecting or touting for the prostitute. Parliamentarians described the bludger as ‘the most detestable wretch on the face of the earth’ and as a man ‘worthy of no respect whatsoever’ (NSWPD 31:1675).

1997, Barbara Ann Sullivan, The Politics of Sex: Prostitution and Pornography in Australia since 1945, page 30:

(Australia, slang) A pimp, a man living off the earnings of a harlot.

If she is doing the work of two parents because her husband has died or left her or is violent and has driven her and the kids from home, then suddenly she is a bludger.

2005, Australian House of Representatives, Parliamentary Debates: House of Representatives: Official Hansard, volume 270, page 84:

(Australia, New Zealand, slang, derogatory) A person who avoids working, or doing their share of work, a loafer, a hanger-on, one who does not pull their weight.

A widespread species of large marine fish, Carangoides gymnostethus, in the jack family, Carangidae.

A ball used in the sports of Quidditch and Muggle Quidditch.


jade

en-noun

jade (usually uncountable, plural jades)

Borrowed from French le jade, rebracketing of earlier l’éjade (“jade”), from Spanish piedra de ijada (“flank stone”), via Vulgar Latin *iliata from Latin ilia (“flank”). (Jade was thought to cure pains in the side.)

Although there are dozens of different types of gems, among the best known and most important are diamond, ruby and sapphire, emerald and other gem forms of the mineral beryl, chrysoberyl, tanzanite, tsavorite, topaz and jade.

2012 March 20, Lee A. Groat, “Gemstones”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-06-14, page 128:

A semiprecious stone, either nephrite or jadeite, generally green or white in color, often used for carving figurines.


jade

From Middle English jade, chade, either a variant of yaud or merely influenced by it. Yaud derives from Old Norse jalda (“mare”), from a Uralic language, such as Moksha эльде (eľďe) or Erzya эльде (eľďe). See yaud for more.

Shee hath more qualities then a Water-Spaniell, […] Shee can fetch and carry: why a horſe can doe no more; nay, a horſe cannot fetch, but onely carry, therefore is ſhee better then a Iade.

c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 30, column 2:

[F]requent jot / Of his hard ſetting jade did ſo confound / The vvords that he by papyr-ſtealth had got, / That their loſt ſenſe the youngſter could not ſound, / Though he vvith mimical attention did abound.

1640 (date written), H[enry] M[ore], “ΨΥΧΟΖΩΙΑ [Psychozōia], or A Christiano-platonicall Display of Life, […]”, in ΨΥΧΩΔΙΑ [Psychōdia] Platonica: Or A Platonicall Song of the Soul, […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Roger Daniel, printer to the Universitie, published 1642, →OCLC, book 2, stanza 47, page 26:

Let that be as it may, as my purpoſe is to do exact juſtice to every creature brought upon the ſtage of this dramatic work,—I could not ſtifle this diſtinction in favour of Don Quixote’s horſe;—in all other points the parſon’s horſe, I ſay, was juſt ſuch another,—for he was as lean, and as lank, and as ſorry a jade, as Humility herſelf could have beſtrided.

1759, [Laurence Sterne], chapter X, in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, 2nd (1st London) edition, volume I, London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 36:

My horse would have trotted to Clifton within the hour, if left to himself, and I have almost broke my arm with pulling him in to that cursed broken-winded jade’s pace.

1803 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter X, in Northanger Abbey; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume I, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 201:

The king had no other horse to give him but an old jade, for his six brothers and their men had taken all the other horses, but Ashiepattle did not mind that; he mounted the shabby old nag.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H. L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 55:


salamandroid

Any salamander of the suborder Salamandroidea.


beater

From Middle English beter, betere, bettere, from Old English bēatere (“a beater; boxer, fighter; champion”), equivalent to beat + -er. Related to beetle (“a type of mallet”).

inh

In the sport of Quidditch or Muggle quidditch, a player who attempts to hit the opposing team's players with bludgers and to block the bludgers from hitting their own team's players.


kea

Nestor notabilis
Nestor notabilis#Translingual

Nestor notabilis, a parrot of New Zealand.

Łeesdísí Bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ tsídii yáłtiʼí diłhiłígíí


swine

From Middle English swyn, swin, from Old English swīn, from Proto-West Germanic *swīn, from Proto-Germanic *swīną, from an adjectival form of Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig”). By surface analysis, sow + -en.
Cognates
Related to West Frisian swyn, Low German Swien, Dutch zwijn, German Schwein, Danish and Swedish svin, and more distantly to Polish świnia, Russian свинья́ (svinʹjá), Latin sūinus, Latin sūs, Ancient Greek ὗς (hûs), Persian خوک (xuk).

A pig (the animal).
The Zimmerman farm introduced swine to their husbandry.


fruit bat

Any of several tropical fruit-eating bats of the family Pteropodidae; a megabat.

flying fox

flying fox; ambiguous, some sources limit the term to the genera Pteropus and Acerodon within Pteropodidae


chaser

Inherited from Middle English chaser, chacer, chasour, borrowed from Old French chaceür, chaceor, from chacier (“to chase, hunt”); later senses from or influenced by chase (“pursue”) + -er. Doublet of chasseur.

преследва́ч

person or thing (ship, plane, car, etc.) who chases

"[I]t looked like The Fellow was the best steeplechaser in many years. He'd earned the best speed rating I'd ever given a chaser."

2002, Nick Mordin, Betting for a Living, page 351:

"Wild Risk...had his greatest successes as a steeplechaser rather than a flat racer... It is rare indeed that a 'chaser - even one as good as wild risk - makes a good flat sire."

2003, Avalyn Hunter, American Classic Pedigrees 1914-2002, page 458:

Oh, that final furlong! It can be both agony and ecstasy. Anyone who doubts that should have seen the television close-up of Jim Lewis as his great chaser Best Mate came up the final hill at Cheltenham in 2004 to clich a hat-trick of Gold Cups. ... Best mate is the best steeplechaser we have seen for years and all being well will be at the Cheltenham Festival again in 2005 to try and make it four Gold Cups.

2004, Sports Ticket: Live the Action! by Sportsfile, page 179

(equestrianism) A horse trained for steeplechasing; a steeplechaser.

(equestrianism, obsolete) A hunter (a horse bred and trained for use in hunting).


chaser

From chase (“groove; decorate metal”) + -er.

bow chaser; stern chaser


vampire bat

I noticed a peculiarity which distinguished these bats from any others with which I had come in contact (and on the Rio Negro my experiences in this respect had been ghastly and terrible: men wither and die there from nightly visitations of vampire bats).

1930, Sax Rohmer, The Day the World Ended, published 1969, page xix. 172:

Any of the three small bats of the subfamily Desmodontinae, native to Central and South America, which use their teeth to cut the skin of larger animals while they are asleep and surreptitiously drink blood, their sole source of food.


fleece

en-noun

fleece (countable and uncountable, plural fleeces)

From Middle English flees, flese, flus, fleos, from Old English flēos, flīes, flȳs, from Proto-West Germanic *fleus.

The fine web of cotton or wool removed by the doffing knife from the cylinder of a carding machine.


vampire

desc

ভ্যাম্পায়ার

→ Bengali: ভ্যাম্পায়ার (bhêmpaẏar)

→ Irish: vaimpír

→ Japanese: ヴァンパイア (vanpaia), バンパイア (banpaia)

→ Marathi: व्हॅम्पायर (vhĕmpāyar)

→ Thai: แวมไพร์ (wɛm-paai)

→ Scottish Gaelic: bhampair

→ Swahili: vampiri

→ Turkish: vampir

→ Welsh: fampir

From French vampire, from German Vampir, via Hungarian from a Slavic word, probably Serbo-Croatian вампир (vàmpīr), proposed to be a variant of unattested *upir, from Proto-Slavic *ǫpyrь, q.v. Compare Russian упы́рь (upýrʹ), Polish upiór, Polish wąpierz, etc. Doublet of oupire.

(figurative, derogatory) A person who drains one's time, energy, money, etc.


dab

→ Irish: daba

Late Middle English dabbe, of unknown origin; perhaps related to sense 1 (“to press against lightly”) as in "a soft mass dabbed down."

(US) A sand dab, a small flatfish of genus Citharichthys.


hooter

Suddenly, far down and beyond the toun there came a screech as the morning grew, a screech like an hungered beast in pain. The hooters were blowing in the Segget Mills.

1933, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Cloud Howe, page 34:

When the right-away was given, Driver Gibson would give a sonorous blast on Cardean's deep-toned hooter, and amid a flurry of swirling steam the train would move majestically out, with nearly half the city of Carlisle—or so it would appear—as onlookers on the platform.

1945 May and June, Cecil J. Allen, “British Locomotive Practice and Performance”, in Railway Magazine, page 152:

A chime whistle, presented to the L.M.S.R. by American model railway enthusiasts in 1939, is installed now as a works hooter at Crewe Works, as its height precludes its use on a British locomotive.

1946 September and October, “Notes and News: Locomotive Whistle Gift”, in Railway Magazine, page 322:

(British) A siren or steam whistle, especially one in a factory and used to indicate the beginning or the end of a working day or shift.


kine

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-kine.wav

It may be well to note that a mile per hour is equal to 44.7 kines, and that accordingly a sharp walking pace may attain 200 kines […]

1890, E/MJ, Engineering and Mining Journal, volumes 49-50, page 169:

(physics) The unit velocity in the CGS system, equal to one centimeter per second.


blindworm

Inherited from Middle English blynde worme, equivalent to blind + worm due to its very small eyes.

inh+

[…] we haue a blind worme to be found vnder logs in woods, and timber that hath lien long in a place, which some also doo call (and vpon better ground) by the name of [s]low worms, and they are knowen easilie by their more or lesse varietie of striped colours, drawen long waies from their heads, their whole bodies little excéeding a foot in length, & yet is there venem deadlie.

1577, Raphaell Holinshed, “[http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A68197.0001.001 [(please specify the book title).] Chapter 6.]”, in The Firste Volume of the Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande […], volume I, London: […] [Henry Bynneman] for Iohn Harrison, →OCLC, page 228:

You spotted snakes with double tongue,
Thorny hedgehogs, be not seen;
Newts and blind-worms, do no wrong,
Come not near our fairy queen.

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

"But I'll give you a bit of advice! Take a blindworm - I'll find you one - and ram it into the barrel of your gun and then fire it, after that you may try what powder and shot will do."

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 77:

Anguis fragilis
Anguis fragilis#Translingual

Anguis fragilis (slowworm), a small species of legless lizard.


hooligan

Borrowed from Chinook Jargon ulakan, from Clatsop Chinook, with spelling and pronunciation influenced by the preceding.

Haines and Klukwan hooligan harvesters reported that they exchanged hooligan products primarily for other food items, especially those unavailable in the Chilkat and Chilkoot area or those which were inaccessible to the harvester for various reasons. Respondents reported that virtually any wild food might be obtained for hooligan oil.

1994, Martha F. Betts, The Subsistence Hooligan Fishery of the Chilkat and Chilkoot Rivers, page 59:

Low-gradient, clear water streams on the western side of Portage Pass provide spawning and rearing habitat for red salmon, silver salmon, pink salmon, chum salmon, hooligan (smelt), and Dolly Varden (U.S. Bureau of Land Management 1977b).

1995, U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration & State of Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, Whittier Access Project, Seward Highway to Port of Whittier, Alaska: Draft Environmental Impact Statement, page 4-8:

Hooligan (smelt) are often spotted from the point as they come in with the tide.

2004, Kenai Peninsula Tour Guidebook, →ISBN, page 4:

Thaleichthys pacificus
Thaleichthys pacificus#Translingual

A type of fish, an anadromous smelt, Thaleichthys pacificus, found in the North Pacific.


cabezon

A California fish (Scorpaenichthys marmoratus), allied to the sculpin.


horsy

(childish or endearing) A child's term or name for a horse.


equine

Learned borrowing from Latin equīnus (“of or pertaining to horses”).

lbor

Any horse or horse-like animal, especially one of the genus Equus.


breve

From Middle English breve, variant of bref, from Old French brieve, breve (feminine form of brief, bref), from Latin brevis (“short”).

(music) A double whole note; a note twice as long as a semibreve.


olf

A unit measuring the strength of an olfactory pollution source as detected by an average adult in typical conditions.


Channel Island fox

en-noun

Channel Island fox (plural Channel Island foxes)

Urocyon littoralis
Urocyon littoralis#Translingual

A fox of species Urocyon littoralis, native to the Channel Islands off the coast of California. Each of the six largest islands in the chain has its own native subspecies of fox.


ouroboros

ouroboros (plural ouroboroi or ouroboroses)

From Ancient Greek οὐροβόρος (ourobóros, “tail-devouring”, a compound of οὐρά (ourá, “tail”) + -βόρος (-bóros, “-devouring”, which is derived from the verb βιβρώσκω (bibrṓskō, “to eat up”))).

af

which is derived from the verb <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">βιβρώσκω</i> (bibrṓskō, “to eat up”)

bor

The alchemists were fond of picturing their opus as a circulatory process, as a circular distillation or as the uroboros, the snake biting its own tail, and they made innumerable pictures of this process.

1968 [1951], R. F. C. Hull, transl., Aion […] (The Collected Works of C. G. Jung), 2nd edition, volume 9.2, Princeton University Press, translation of original by C. G. Jung, →ISBN, page 264:

Khepera eating his own seed is a model of Romantic creativity, where the self is isolated and sexually dual. Khepera bent over himself is a uroboros, the serpent eating its own tail, a magic circle of regeneration and rebirth. The uroboros is the prehistoric track of natural cycle, from which Judaism and Hellenism make a conceptual break.

1990, Camille Paglia, Sexual Personae, Yale University Press, →ISBN, page 41:

One myth speaks of Ouroboros, a serpent-like creature that survived and regenerated itself by eating only its own tail. By neither taking from nor adding to its environment, this creature was said to be completely environmentally benign and self-sufficient.

2004, Adrian Bejan et al., Porous and Complex Flow Structures in Modern Technologies, Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 121:

First, the snake has not caught its tail—the ouroboros figure is uncompleted. Blake executed fully formed ouroboros figures for the verso of this Night Thoughts page and for a later passage (6:690-92), and was familiar with numerous full ouroboros figures from contemporary and earlier sources […]

2013, Jackie DiSalvo, G. A. Rosso, Christopher Z. Hobson eds., Blake, Politics, and History, Routledge, →ISBN:

(mythology) A serpent, dragon or worm that eats its own tail, a representation of the continuous cycle of life and death.

أوربوروس

a serpent, dragon or worm that eats its own tail


quagga

From Dutch quagga (whence also Afrikaans kwagga), from a Khoisan term, probably Haiǁom, Khoekhoe ǁkoaah, apparently of imitative origin.

I saw a rhinoceros, buffalo (a large herd), eland, quagga, and sable antelope, the most beautiful of all the bucks, not to mention many smaller varieties of game, and three ostriches which scudded away at our approach like white drift before a gale.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

A southern-African subspecies of plains zebra, Equus quagga quagga, which went extinct in 1883. The upper parts of the animal were reddish brown, becoming paler behind and beneath, while the face, neck, and fore part of the body were marked by dark stripes.


tumbler

A movable obstruction in a lock, consisting of a lever, latch, wheel, slide, or the like, which must be adjusted to a particular position by a key or other means before the bolt can be thrown in locking or unlocking.

A variety of the domestic pigeon remarkable for its habit of tumbling, or turning somersaults, during its flight.

A beverage cup, typically made of stainless steel, that is broad at the top and narrow at the bottom commonly used in India.

One of a set of levers from which the heddles hang in some looms.


quoll

From the earlier form je-quoll, from Guugu Yimidhirr dhigul. Recorded by Banks but then virtually forgotten for 150 years, with the term native cat used instead. Today readopted and gaining in popularity.

Any of the various carnivorous marsupials of the genus Dasyurus found in Australia and New Guinea, roughly the size of a cat.

دصيور

carnivorous marsupial of the genus Dasyurus


gerbil

en-verb

gerbil (third-person singular simple present gerbils, present participle gerbilling or gerbiling, simple past and past participle gerbilled or gerbiled)

gerbils (present singular third-person)
gerbilling (participle present)
gerbiling (participle present)
gerbilled (participle past)
gerbilled (past)
gerbiled (participle past)
gerbiled (past)

From French gerbille, from Latin gerbo, from Arabic جَرْبُوع (jarbūʕ) or يَرْبُوع (yarbūʕ, “jerboa”). Doublet of jerboa.

(intransitive, slang) To insert a small animal (typically a gerbil, supposedly) into one's rectum (a sexual practice in urban myth).


prion

From Prion (former genus name), from Ancient Greek πρίων (príōn, “saw”).


Komodo dragon

/kəˈmoʊdoʊ ˈdɹæɡən/

Varanus komodoensis
Varanus komodoensis#Translingual

Varanus komodoensis, an endangered species of monitor lizard native to certain Indonesian islands east of Java, the world's largest lizard, growing to 10 feet or 3 meters, known for its ability to kill prey with its septic saliva.


bachelor

From Middle English bacheler, from Anglo-Norman and Old French bacheler (modern French bachelier), from Medieval Latin baccalārius, baccalāris (compare Tuscan baccalare (“squire”)).

A kind of bass, an edible freshwater fish (Pomoxis annularis) of the southern United States.


dracunculus

Borrowed from Latin dracunculus, diminutive of draco (“dragon”).

A dragonet, a fish of families Calliomyidae or Draconettidae.


trike

Ellie: Oh, you know, if it's alright, I'd like to stay with Dr. Harding and finish with the trike. Is that okay?


girth

en-noun

girth (countable and uncountable, plural girths)

From Middle English girth, gerth, gyrth, from Old Norse gjǫrð, from Proto-Germanic *gerdō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (“to encircle, enclose; belt”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌰 (gairda), Icelandic gjörð. Also related to German Gurt, English gird, Albanian ngërthej (“to tie, bind, fasten”).

cog

He was standing on the offside of his horse, holding up the flap of his saddle, with the surcingle loosened, and was pointing to the girths. Close to their attachment to the saddle they had been almost cut through with a knife.

1929, Baldwyn Dyke Acland, chapter 8, in Filibuster:

A band passed under the belly of an animal, which holds a saddle or a harness saddle in place.

palldëm

A band or strap passed under an animal to hold a saddle in place


azurine

en-adj

azurine (comparative more azurine, superlative most azurine)

more azurine (comparative)
most azurine (superlative)


frank

frank (comparative franker, superlative frankest)

franker (comparative)
frankest (superlative)

From Middle English frank, from Old French franc (“free”), in turn from the name of an early Germanic confederation, the Franks, from Proto-West Germanic *frankō (“javelin, spear”). Doublet of Frank, franc, and farang.

der

May I be frank with you?

Honest, especially in a manner that seems slightly blunt; candid; not reserved or disguised.


frank

Buy a package of franks for the barbecue.

We had a farewell meal of franks and beans in a Seventh Avenue Riker’s, and then Dean got on the bus that said Chicago and roared off into the night.

1957, Jack Kerouac, chapter 1, in On the Road, Viking Press, →OCLC, part 1:

I want the name of this flying whatchamacallit to go with the Daily Planet like bacon and eggs, franks and beans, death and taxes, politics and corruption!

1978, Superman: The Movie, spoken by Perry White (Jackie Cooper):

I'm in my Flavmobile cold lamping. I took a G upstate cold camping. To the Poconos, we call a hideaways. A bag of franks and a bag of Frito-Lays.

1988 June 28, “Cold Lampin' With Flavor” (track 4), in It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back, performed by Public Enemy:


frank

Frank, or Franc, an ancient coin, either of gold or ſilver, ſtruck and current in France. The value of the gold frank was ſomewhat more than that of the gold crown; the ſilver frank was a third of the gold one; this coin is long out of uſe, though the term is ſtill retained as the name of a money of account; in which ſenſe it is equivalent to the livre, or twenty ſols.

1771, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1st ed., Vol. II, p. 630

(historical) Obsolete form of franc, former French coins, moneys of account, and currency.


quitter

From Middle English quitter, from Anglo-Norman quiture, quyture et al., specialised use of quiture (“burn mark, burning”), from the participle stem of cuire (“to cook”), or from Latin coctura (“cooking”).

(farriery) Alternative spelling of quittor (“fistulous wound at the top of a horse's foot”)


mona

Cercopithecus mona, a West African monkey.


aye-aye

From French aye-aye, from Malagasy aiay (also ahay, haihay or hay-hay in dialect), supposedly imitative of the animal's cry. However, this is doubted by Simons and Myers (2001) who note that the animal does not emit such a sound. They suggest a derivation from Malagasy heh heh (“I don't know”), used by the Malagasy people to avoid naming the animal, which they fear.

The other of these aberrant forms is the cheiromys, or aye-aye, which, from the peculiar form of its two lower front teeth, has been ranged with the Rodentia. In the general character, however, it is essentially a lemur; […]

1849, “Order II.—Quadrumana, [from the Latin, quatuor, four, and manus, hand; four-handed.]”, in D[avid] M[eredith] Reese, editor, Elements of Zoology; or, Natural History of Animals. From the Last Edinburgh Edition (Chambers' Educational Course; [no. 6]), 3rd American edition, New York, N.Y.: Published by A[lfred] S[mith] Barnes & Co. No. 51 John Street; Cincinnati, Oh.: H. W. Derby & Co., →OCLC, page 57:

Of the other members of this group, the Aye Aye (Cheiromys), the Tarsier (Tarsius), the Propithecus, the Indri (Lichanotus), and the Cheirogaleus, are desiderata of which we can only hope to become possessed by the future exertions of zoologists who may obtain access to the countries in which they live.

1858, D[avid] W[illiam] Mitchell, Guide to the Gardens of the Zoological Society of London, London: Bradbury and Evans, 11, Bouverie Street, and at the [Zoological] Society [of London]'s Gardens in the Regent's Park, →OCLC, page 41:

Refer the following to their respective orders and families:—anteater, ayeaye, canary, cinchilla, dodo, flamingo, flying fox, giraffe, hornbill, lyre bird, mole, paradise bird, porpoise, swift, walrus.

1864, Edward P[ercival] Wright, “Moderatorships in Experimental and Natural Science[: Zoology]”, in Dublin Examination Papers: Being a Supplement to the University Calendar for the Year 1864, Dublin: Printed at the University Press, Hodges, Smith, & Co., Grafton-Street, booksellers to the University; London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green, →OCLC, page 228:

The true position of that very rare animal the Aye-aye, seems very doubtful, some naturalists placing it in the position which it occupies in this work, and others, such as [Jan] [v]an der Hoeven, considering it to form a link between the monkeys and the rodent animals. […] It is probable that the natural food of the Aye-aye, like that of the preceding animals, is of a mixed character, and that it eats fruit and insects indiscriminately. In captivity it usually fed on boiled rice, which it picked up in minute portions, like Amine in the "Arabian Nights," using, however, its slender fingers in lieu of the celebrated bodkin with which she made her mock meal.

1865, J[ohn] G[eorge] Wood, “Quadrumana; or, The Monkey Tribe”, in The Illustrated Natural History, volume I (Mammalia), London: George Routledge and Sons, Broadway, Ludgate Hill; New York, 129, Grand Street, →OCLC, page 110:

He does look a bit odd, what with those parachute ears and the round, mad, yellow, staring pop-eyes and the oversize forepaws hung so awkwardly close to his chest. He's named the aye-aye, which probably does not improve the image. But he's a lemur, hence a primate and a cousin to man. A resident of Madagascar, he is threatened with extinction; there are no more than 50 aye-ayes in all the world.

1968 May 24, Michael Mok, “The Aye-Aye, Man’s Imperiled Cousin”, in George P. Hunt, editor, Life, volume 64, number 21, Chicago, Ill.: Time, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 102, column 1:

The lemur Daubentonia madagascariensis, a solitary nocturnal quadruped found in Madagascar and remarkable for its long fingers, sharp nails, and rodent-like incisor teeth.

International Union for Conservation of Nature


avifauna

en-noun

avifauna (usually uncountable, plural avifaunas or avifaunae)

From New Latin, from Latin avis (“bird”) + New Latin fauna (“animals”), from Latin Faunus (“god of herdsmen”).

The birds, or all the kinds of birds, inhabiting a region.


ou

From Afrikaans ou, probably from Dutch ouwe (“old man”).

Ag pleez Deddy won't you take us to the wrestling
 We wanna see an ou called Sky High Lee

1962, Jeremy Taylor (lyrics and music), “Ag Pleez Deddy”:

I couldn't care that the ous call me rooinek and sometimes whiterat because of my hair and face. At least I am not a hairyback I tell them.

1975, Sheila Roberts, Outside Life's Feast: Short Stories, Johannesburg: Ad. Donker, →ISBN, page 27:

“They're the same good and solid ous they'd been before. Because they managed not to think.”

1978, André Brink, Rumours of Rain, Vintage, published 2000, page 292:

(South Africa, colloquial) A fellow, guy, bloke.


axolotl

axolotl (plural axolotls or (nonstandard) axolots)

axolotls (plural)
axolots (nonstandard plural)

Unadapted borrowing from Classical Nahuatl āxōlōtl (from ātl (“water”) + xōlōtl (“slippery or wrinkled one, servant, slave”)).

ubor

A critically endangered salamander found in the elevated lakes of Mexico, Ambystoma mexicanum.

aksolotl

scientifically refers to the young stage, scientifically proscribed as the other stages


geep

A sheep–goat hybrid, an animal with DNA from a goat and from a sheep, whether produced artificially or by natural intermating.


rattler

/ˈɹætələ(ɹ)/


waag

The grivet (an African monkey) - Chlorocebus aethiops


soldier

From Middle English soudeour, from Old French soudier or soudeour (“mercenary”), from Medieval Latin soldarius (“soldier (one having pay)”), from Late Latin solidus, a type of coin. Displaced Old English cempa (whence obsolete kemp).
(red herring): An allusion to soldiers' red uniforms; red herring is, reciprocally, a slang term for "soldier".

der

It were meet that any one, before he came to be a captain, should have been a soldier.

1596 (date written; published 1633), Edmund Spenser, A Vewe of the Present State of Irelande […], Dublin: […] Societie of Stationers, […], →OCLC; republished as A View of the State of Ireland […] (Ancient Irish Histories), Dublin: […] Society of Stationers, […] Hibernia Press, […] [b]y John Morrison, 1809, →OCLC:

An enlisted member of a military service, as distinguished from a commissioned officer.

Beside his egg was a plate of buttered toast, already cut up into soldiers.

2008, Nicholas Drayson, A Guide to the Birds of East Africa, page 180:

(British, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand) A piece of buttered bread (or toast), cut into a long thin strip for dipping into a soft-boiled egg.

(slang, dated) A red herring (cured kipper with flesh turned red).

(xiangqi) A xiangqi piece that moves and captures by advancing one point. Once it has crossed the river, it may also move and capture one point horizontally.


soldier

en-verb

soldier (third-person singular simple present soldiers, present participle soldiering, simple past and past participle soldiered)

soldiers (present singular third-person)
soldiering (participle present)
soldiered (participle past)
soldiered (past)

(intransitive) To intentionally restrict labor productivity; to work at the slowest rate that goes unpunished.


onager

From Middle English onager, onagir (“wild ass; military catapult”), from Anglo-Norman onager, Middle French onager, onagre, Old French onager, onagre (“wild ass; military catapult”) (modern French onagre), from Late Latin onager (“large siege engine”), Latin onager (“wild ass”), from Hellenistic Ancient Greek ὄναγρος (ónagros, “wild ass”), Byzantine Ancient Greek ὄναγρος (ónagros, “large siege engine”), from ὄνος (ónos, “ass”) + ἄγριος (ágrios, “wild”) (from ᾰ̓γρός (agrós, “countryside; field”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”)) + -ῐος (-ios, suffix forming adjectives)).
The “military engine” sense alludes to the strong recoil of the engine, likened to an onager’s kick; see the 2007 quotation.

der

[I]f the czigithai is not the ſame with the zebra, it may be the Aſiatic animal called onager or wild aſs. The onager ſhould not be confounded with the zebra; but I am uncertain whether the ſame remark is applicable to the onager and czigithai; for, from comparing the relations of travellers, it appears, that there are different kinds of wild aſſes, of which the onager is the moſt remarkable. […] The ſwiftneſs of the onager is mentioned by travellers, who remark, that he runs with ſuch rapidity as to eſcape the hunters, though mounted on horſes; […]

1785, Count de Buffon [i.e., Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon], “The Zebra. [Supplement.]”, in William Smellie, transl., Natural History, General and Particular, … Translated into English. […], 2nd edition, volume VI, London: Printed for W[illiam] Strahan and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 275:

The onager, or wild aſs, is ſeen in ſtill greater abundance than the wild horſe; and the peculiarities of its kind are more diſtinctly marked than in thoſe of the tame one.

1791, Oliver Goldsmith, “Of the Ass”, in An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature. […], new edition, volume II, London: […] F[rancis] Wingrave, successor to Mr. [John] Nourse, […], →OCLC, page 345:

One of the onagers, however, having hurt its leg, could not be harnessed at present, and a few days' rest was necessary.

1875, Jules Verne, chapter VI, in W[illiam] H[enry] G[iles] Kingston [actually Agnes Kinloch Kingston], transl., The Mysterious Island: The Secret of the Island: Translated from the French, volume III, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low, & Searle […], →OCLC, pages 82–83:

Equus hemionus
Equus hemionus#Translingual

Equus hemionus onager
Equus hemionus onager#Translingual

The Asiatic wild ass or hemione (Equus hemionus), an animal of the horse family native to Asia; specifically, the Persian onager, Persian wild ass, or Persian zebra (Equus hemionus onager).


tanuki

Borrowed from Japanese 狸(たぬき) (tanuki, “raccoon dog”).

At my onboarding, I was told that one of GitHub's employees identified as a tanuki, a Japanese raccoon dog—this was fine.

2023 May 28, Nadia Asparouhova, “Remembering GitHub's Office, a Monument to Tech Culture”, in Wired, →ISSN:

Nyctereutes procyonoides
Nyctereutes procyonoides#Translingual

The raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides.


avian

Characteristic of or pertaining to birds, or to bird-like or flying creatures.


rattlesnake

Hooded rattlesnakes, horned toads, and lizards crawl in the dust and among the rocks.

1895, J[ohn] W[esley] Powell, chapter I, in Canyons of the Colorado, Meadville, PA: Flood & Vincent; republished as The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons, New York: Dover, 1961, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 22:

The country ran shuttles and posted signs encouraging visitors to enjoy the display responsibly, but those precautions didn't prevent rattlesnake bites, twisted ankles, heat exhaustion, Instacelebs and other selfie-takers lying in or otherwise trampling the delicate blooms they'd come to see.

2019 July, Jeffrey Rindskopf, “The Costs of Instatravel”, in DOPE Magazine, page 90:

Any of various venomous American snakes, of genera Crotalus and Sistrurus, having a rattle at the end of its tail.


convict

en-verb

convict (third-person singular simple present convicts, present participle convicting, simple past and past participle convicted)

convicts (present singular third-person)
convicting (participle present)
convicted (participle past)
convicted (past)

From Middle English convicten, from Anglo-Norman convicter, from Latin convictus, the past participle of convincō (“to convict”). Doublet of convince. Displaced native Old English forwyrċan (“to convict, condemn”).

ncog

He was a convicted felon.

His remarks convicted him of a lack of sensitivity.

And his subjects wrung all they could wring / Out of temple and palace and store. / But when there seemed no more to bring, / His captors convicted the king / Of once having started a war, / And strangled the wretch with a string.

1936, Robert Frost, “The Vindictives”, in A Further Range:

(transitive, law) To find guilty, as a result of legal proceedings, or (informal) in a moral sense.


convict

(law) A person convicted of a crime by a judicial body.

The convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata), also known as the zebra cichlid, a popular aquarium fish, with stripes that resemble a prison uniform.

A common name for the sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus), owing to its black and gray stripes.


coachman

/ˈkəʊt͡ʃmən/

(South Africa) A fish in the genus Heniochus, either Heniochus acuminatus or Heniochus diphreutes.


jharal

Hemitragus jemlahicus
Hemitragus jemlahicus#Translingual

The Himalayan tahr, Hemitragus jemlahicus ( <= Capra jemlaica).


capel

From Old Norse [Term?] (whence Icelandic kapall), from Latin caballus.

(obsolete) Alternative spelling of caple (horse)


capel

(mining) A composite stone (quartz, schorl, and hornblende) in the walls of tin and copper lodes.


nutcracker

The colorful bottles have popped up every summer in black and Hispanic communities — from the bodegas of Washington Heights to the stoops of Fort Greene — since the early 1990s. On beach boardwalks, at neighborhood basketball courts and block parties, New Yorkers are drinking nutcrackers, boozy homespun cocktails made from a blend of alcohol and fruit juices.

2019 August 17, Aaron Randle, “Banned on the Beach? It’s Still Nutcracker Summer”, in New York Times:

(US, New York City) A bootleg mixed drink made from a blend of alcohols and fruit juices.


piper

From Middle English piper, pipere; equivalent to pipe + -er. Piecewise doublet of fifer.

A common European gurnard (Trigla lyra), having a large head, with prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp, opercular spines.


Schomburgk's deer

en-noun

Schomburgk's deer (plural Schomburgk's deer)

Named after Sir Robert H. Schomburgk, British consul in Bangkok from 1857 to 1864.

An extinct deer (†Rucervus schomburgki) once native to south-east Asia, having a dark brown coat and lighter belly, a short mane and basket-like antlers in the male.


cavy

From obsolete Portuguese çavia (“the spiny rat, Makalata armate, Echimys armata”) (modern saviá, sauiá), from Old Tupi saujá.


dik-dik

Imitative of the sound made by the animal when alarmed.

A small antelope of the genus Madoqua, native to southern and eastern Africa, having an elongated snout, a brown or grey/gray coat with a white belly, and an upright tuft on the crown.


chimp

en-verb

chimp (third-person singular simple present chimps, present participle chimping, simple past and past participle chimped)

chimps (present singular third-person)
chimping (participle present)
chimped (participle past)
chimped (past)

(derogatory, offensive, slang, of black people) Clipping of chimp out.


springbok

en-noun

springbok (plural springbok or springboks)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-springbok.wav

Borrowed from Afrikaans springbok, from Dutch springbok, from springen (“to jump, spring”) + bok (“buck, billy goat, antelope”).

A small, fast antelope native to southern Africa, Antidorcas marsupialis.


bird of prey

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-bird of prey.wav

A carnivorous bird that hunts for its food, especially one that preys on land vertebrates.


klipspringer

Borrowed from Afrikaans klipspringer, from Dutch klipspringer, both literally meaning "rock-jumper".

A small antelope native to eastern and southern Africa having a dense, brown, speckled coat (Oreotragus oreotragus).


porcupine

From Middle English porke despyne, from Old French porc-espin, from Latin porcus (“pig”) + spinus (“spine”), hence also spine pig. Cognate with Spanish puercoespín, Italian porcospino, Portuguese porco-espinho.

I have no evidence of grizzlies killing porcupines or vice versa. However, occasionally there is contact and sometimes a grizzly is injured or a porcupine killed, but the latter is rare.

1981, Adolph Murie, The Grizzlies of Mount McKinley, page 218:

In particular, porcupines, hyenas, and leopards are known in Africa to transport bones to particular places.

2010, Richard Potts, Early Hominid Activities at Olduvai, page 81:

Old World porcupines (Hystricidae) have quills embedded in clusters, whereas in New World porcupines (Erethizontidae) single quills are interspersed with bristles, underfur, and hair. No porcupine can throw its quills, but they detach easily and will remain embedded in an attacker.

2011, John P. Rafferty, Rats, Bats, and Xenarthrans, page 113:

Any of several rodents of either of the taxonomic families Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) or Erethizontidae (New World porcupines), both from the infraorder Hystricognathi, noted for their sharp spines or quills, which are raised when the animal is attacked or surprised.

spine pig

any species of Hystricidae or Erethizontidae

Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park


monitor

From Latin monitor (“warner”), from perfect passive participle monitus (“warning”), from verb monere (“to warn, admonish, remind”). Warship sense is from USS Monitor, the first ship of this type.

The information flashed up on the monitor.

(computing) A device similar to a television set used as to give a graphical display of the output from a computer.

So, as she did not like the masters to be prying about the play-ground out of school, she chose from among the biggest and most trustworthy of her pupils five monitors, who had authority over the rest of the Boys, and kept the unruly ones in order.

1871, Henry William Pullen, The Fight at Dame Europa's School:

But it was not so—at least, not always—for though they fell out among themselves, they united their forces against the common enemy—the monitors!

1881, Talbot Baines Reed, chapter X, in The Fifth Form at St. Dominic's:

He learned that a monitor should assist the teachers in distributing worksheets, maintaining class discipline, helping classmates in need and so on.

(Can we date this quote?), Pearl Poon, Class Monitor Election, Hong Kong ICAC Comics:

(Hong Kong, Singapore, archaic in British) A student leader in a class.


kudu

Ultimately Khoekhoe kudu-b, through Afrikaans koedoe and French koudou.

Martha, on a hot, wet, steamy afternoon, had spent two hours wriggling on her stomach through the undergrowth to reach a point where she might shoot a big koodoo that was grazing in a corner of the Hundred Acres.

1952, Doris Lessing, Martha Quest, Panther, published 1974, page 72:

I watched from a distance as rangers left a kudu carcass to entice the lions to walk through the gates.

2004 December 4, Beverley Fearis, The Guardian:

A large, striped, African antelope of the species Tragelaphus imberbis (lesser kudu) or Tragelaphus strepsiceros (greater kudu).

koedoe

Tragelaphus imberbis or Tragelaphus strepsiceros


agouti

From French agouti or Spanish agutí, both from Old Tupi akuti and other Tupian languages. The name of the acouchi is probably from the same source.

Akin looked around to be certain he was unobserved, tthen went out to watch the agouti. He had not seen one close up before. Lilith claimed they looked like a cross between deer and rats.

1988, Octavia E. Butler, “Part II, Chapter 6”, in Adulthood Rites, page 99:

A rodent similar in appearance to a guinea pig but having longer legs, of the genus Dasyprocta.

agoeti

a rodent similar in appearance to a guinea pig but having longer legs


capybara

/kapɪˈbɑːɹə/

/ˌkæpiˈbɛɹə/

/ˌkæpiˈbɑɹə/

/ˌkæpiˈbæɹə/

From Spanish capibara, from Portuguese capivara, from Old Tupi kapi'iûara (literally “grass eater”).

der

“Our fires burned well,” continued Tom, “and we roasted our young capybara to perfection; we only wanted salt and pepper, and an onion or two to make it delicious.[…]"

1876, William H. G. Kingston, The Three Lieutenants, published 2010, page 430:

It was tenanted by the small caymans and by capybaras—the largest known rodent, a huge aquatic guinea-pig, the size of a small sheep.

1914, Theodore Roosevelt, Through the Brazilian Wilderness, published 2004, page 53:

The largest of all the 1,729 rodent species, the semi-aquatic capybara is extremely agile in the water, using its partly webbed toes like tiny paddles. Troops containing up to 20 animals live along riverbanks where young capybaras are sometimes preyed on by caimans.

2009, The Illustrated Atlas of Wildlife, page 106:

Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris#Translingual

A semi-aquatic South American rodent, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, the largest living rodent.


Count Branicki's mouse

en-noun

Count Branicki's mouse (plural Count Branicki's mice)

Named for Hieronim Florian Radziwill Konstanty, Count Branicki, a Polish nobleman. The species is not a mouse, but is in the order Rodentia. The genus name Dinomys comes from Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós) + μῦς (mûs, “terrible mouse”).


pacarana

A large, rare, slow-moving rodent, Dinomys branickii, with a thick, furry tail, native to South America, the second-largest rodent after the capybara.


coypu

From Spanish coipú, from Mapudungun koypu.

Myocastor coypus
Myocastor coypus#Translingual

A large, crepuscular, semiaquatic rodent (Myocastor coypus) resembling a large rat, having bright orange-yellow incisors, native to South America and introduced to Europe, Asia and North America, valued for its fur in eastern Europe and central Asia and considered a pest elsewhere.


squab

squab (countable and uncountable, plural squabs)

Unknown. Possibly descended from Swedish dialect skvabb (“fatty, flabby”). First attested in the 17th century.

a. 1744, Alexander Pope (imitating Earl of Dorset), Artemisia, 1795, Robert Anderson (editor), A Complete Edition of the Poets of Great Britain, page 86,
On her large ſquab you find her ſpread, / Like a fat corpſe upon a bed, / That lies and ſtinks in ſtate.

[H]erds of shabby vampires, Jew and Christian, over-run the house, [...] punching the squabs of chairs and sofas with their dirty fists, touzling the feather-beds, opening and shutting all the drawers, balancing the silver spoons and forks, looking into the very threads of the drapery and linen, and disparaging everything.

1846 October 1 – 1848 April 1, Charles Dickens, “Retribution”, in Dombey and Son, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1848, →OCLC, page 591:

(countable) A thick cushion, especially a flat one covering the seat of a chair or sofa.


squab

en-verb

squab (third-person singular simple present squabs, present participle squabbing, simple past and past participle squabbed)

squabs (present singular third-person)
squabbing (participle present)
squabbed (participle past)
squabbed (past)

(transitive) To furnish with squabs, or cushions.


squab

en-adj

squab (comparative more squab, superlative most squab)

more squab (comparative)
most squab (superlative)

broken limbs of trees, eggs, and young squab pigeons precipitated from above

1836, Richard King, Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Arctic Ocean:


chimpanzee

The first recorded use of the name chimpanzee dates to 1738.
The name is derived from an unspecified Bantu language of Angola (compare Vili ci-mpenzi), probably brought to the English language via French chimpanzé.

Holonym: chimpkind

Pan troglodytes
Pan troglodytes#Translingual

Pan troglodytes, a species of great ape in the genus Pan, native to Africa, and believed by biologists to be the closest extant relative to humans along with the bonobo.


jerboa

/dʒɜː(ɹ)ˈbəʊ.ə/

From Arabic جَرْبُوع (jarbūʕ) or يَرْبُوع (yarbūʕ). Doublet of gerbil.

The Arabs, who are forbidden all other kinds of mice, esteem these the greatest delicacies: as those people often are disappointed in digging after them, they have this proverb, "To buy a hole instead of a jerboa."

1814, Augustin Calmet, Charles Taylor, Edward Wells, Calmet's Great Dictionary of the Holy Bible, page 293:

The permanent burrows may have emergency exits — side tunnels ending at or near the surface — through which the jerboa "bursts" when threatened by a predator. Jerboas often lie on their side when sleeping in the burrow in order to better accommodate their long legs.

1999, Ronald M. Nowak, editor, Rodentia; Family Dipopidae: Birch Mice, Jumping Mice, and Jerboas: Walker's Mammals of the World, volume 1, page 1329:

The small mammals include typical desert forms such as the burrowing rodents of the jerboa family and the jird or gerbil subfamily. The jerboas, which are widespread across northern Africa and central Asia, are particularly well represented in China: 7 of the 10 genera and 10 of the 29 species occur in the arid, often cold deserts of the north and west.

2001, Peter Haggett, editor, China and Taiwan: Animal Life: Desert, River and Forest Specialists: Encyclopedia of World Geography, volume 24, page 2796:

Any of a number of species comprising most of the family Dipodidae, native to the deserts of Asia and northern Africa, being a small, jumping rodent with a long tufted tail, very small forefeet and very long hind legs.


bittern

From Middle English bitour, botor, from Old French butor, from Gallo-Roman *butitaurus, a blend of Latin būtiō (“bittern”) and taurus (“bull, ox”).

It is a great rock or cliff on the loneliest part of the mountains, and […] is known by the name of the Garden Rock. Near the foot of it is a small lake, the haunt of the solitary bittern, with water-snakes basking in the sun on the leaves of the pond-lilies which lie on the surface.

1819, Washington Irving, The Sketch Book, Rip Van Winkle:

Several bird species in the Botaurinae subfamily of the heron family Ardeidae.


Brer Rabbit

who believe that Microsoft actually wants to be broken up (the Brer Rabbit solution),

2000 May 9, Bill Mann, “Microsoft Ain't AT&T”, in The Motley Fool:


tra

From Vietnamese (cá) tra, from Khmer ប្រា (praa, “certain Pangasius species”).

der

iridescent shark
iridescent shark#English

Synonym of iridescent shark (“a shark catfish of species Pangasianodon hypophthalmus”)


prairie dog

prairie + dog (from their yelping alarm calls)

Any of genus Cynomys, small, stout-bodied burrowing rodents with shallow cheek pouches, native to North America and Central America.


dzo

Coordinate term: (female) dzomo

A male hybrid of a yak and a domesticated cow.


granny

The suitcase was old. The brown leather was battered and scuffed. Two hanks of clothesline had been wrapped around it and tied in large, clownish grannies.

1977, Stephen King, Children of the Corn: