hood

From Middle English hood, hod, from Old English hōd, from Proto-Germanic *hōdaz (cognate with Saterland Frisian Houd, West Frisian/Dutch hoed, German Low German Hood, German Hut). Cognate with Proto-Iranian *xawdaH (“hat”) (compare Avestan 𐬑𐬂𐬛𐬀 (xåda), Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭 (x-u-d /xaudā/)), from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to cover”). More at hat.

kapuç

covering for the head attached to a larger garment such as a jacket or cloak

(ophiology) An expansion on the sides of the neck typical for many elapids e.g. the Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) and Indian cobra (Naja naja).

huppu

expansion on the sides of the neck typical for many elapids e.g. the Egyptian cobra and Indian cobra

Platysma myoides […] which sends attenuated fibres and slips to the gular region of the hood and is lost dorsad in the fascia covering the trapezius but acquires thickness over the sternum and cervix. Thyromandibularis […] Two distinct muscles may bear this name, an externus and an internus. The latter rises by two slips from about the middle of the inner surface of the mandible and is inserted into the middle of the inner side of the thyrohyal. The greatly elongated thyrobyal passes between the two layers of integument constituting the hood, at its middle fold, and so forms a “yard” to which the lower half of the hood is bent. This inner division of the Thyromandibularis being an adductor of the bone, is the chief agent in lowering the hood and bracing its lower moiety to the side of the neck—it is antagonised by the greater part of the outer division which rises fleshy immediately behind the inner one, but nearly on the lower edge of the jaw, the origin of the mylohyoideus being between them. It immediately divides into two superposed fascicles, the deeper one being inserted into the lower surface of the thyrohyal, a little behind the insertion of the inner division—the other sub division is inserted posteriorly to the former one into the outer side of the bone for the rest of its length and acting thus advantageously is an efficient erector of the lower part of the hood.

1883, Charles W. De Vis, “Myology of Chlamydosaurus kingii”, in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, volume 8, pages 301–302:

(colloquial) The osseous or cartilaginous marginal extension behind the back of many a dinosaur such as a ceratopsid and reptiles such as Chlamydosaurus kingii.

huppu

In the human hand, over the extensor digitorum, an expansion of the extensor tendon over the metacarpophalangeal joint (the extensor hood syn. dorsal hood syn. lateral hood)

(colloquial) The prepuce; the foreskin or clitoral hood.


peahen

From Middle English pehenne, equivalent to pea (“peafowl”) + hen. Compare Icelandic páhæna (“peahen”). See also peacock, peafowl, peachick, etc.

It shows the peahens that the peacock is strong.

2014, Bill Nye, Corey S. Powell, Undeniable: Evolution and the Science of Creation:


warble

From Middle English werble (at least for the noun), from Frankish *werbel (mole cricket), cognate to Walloon waerbea.

A lesion under the skin of cattle, caused by the larva of a bot fly of genus Hypoderma.

varron

lesion under the skin of cattle, caused by by the larva of a bot fly


stoner

From Middle English stoner, stonere, stonare, staner, equivalent to stone + -er (agent noun suffix) or -er (measurement suffix).

"You're useless when you're high on catnip, you know that?" "Mewww mew?" "No I will NOT put on Dark Side of the Moon and the Wizard of Oz for you. Goddamned stoner cat."

2006, Jeph Jacques, Questionable Content (webcomic), Number 538: Also Some Nachos Please:


flipper

From flip + -er. Compare Saterland Frisian Flappert (“flipper, wing”).

cog

In marine mammals such as whales (or other aquatic animals such as sea turtles), a wide flat, limb adapted for swimming.


larynx

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-larynx.wav

Borrowed from New Latin larynx, from Ancient Greek λᾰ́ρῠγξ (lắrŭnx, “larynx; windpipe; gullet, throat”).

bor

Meronyms: epilarynx, hypolarynx, orolarynx

There is one thing, among abundance of others, in Anatomy, which has always much affected me with Admiration, [...] It is the Situation and Elaſticity of the Epiglottis, a ſoft Cartilaginous Cover to the Larynx, or Orifice of the Wind-pipe; that this Epiglottis ſhould, all a Man's life, be drawn up, for the Benefit of Reſpiration, and fall down and ſhut, whilſt every bit we eat, and every drop we drink, paſſes over it into the Gullet and Stomach; and that we ſhould ſo ſeldom have Occaſion to cough up a crum, or drop, that may accidentaly ſlip into the Larynx; [...]

1727, Walter Harris, “Section II. Of the Wonderful Works of God.”, in The Great and Wonderful Works of God Humbly Represented: And the Just and Equal Distributions of Providence Demonstrated. […], London: James Roberts […], →OCLC, pages 29–30:

The larynx is the instrument of the voice, of which the rima glottidis is the immediate organ. [...] The change of the voice from acute to grave at the time of puberty, when the larynx undergoes a remarkable development, as well as its acuteness in females, whose glottis is less by one third than that of man, shew that the size of the aperture has a great influence.

1809, William Nicholson, “PHYSIOLOGY”, in The British Encyclopedia, or Dictionary of Arts and Sciences; […], volume V (N … R), London: Printed by C[harles] Whittingham, […]; for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], →OCLC:

The differences in the voices of man and woman cannot but have been always obſerved; and their larynxes exhibit, on a merely ſuperficial inſpection, a great diſproportion in ſize.

1819, Abraham Rees, “LARYNX”, in The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature. [...] In Thirty-nine Volumes, volume XX, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, […] [et al.], →OCLC, column 1:

I hope to be understood as not implying that there is no peculiarity of the larynges and tracheæ, except in some genera; for I believe all have the admirable mechanism of the organ of voice differently constructed, with corresponding muscles, and distribution of nerves, producing those various modulations of sound so familiar to us, and destined for the excitement of love, as well as for other purposes.

1830 March 16, Joshua Brookes, “XXIX. On the Remarkable Formation of the Trachea In the Egyptian Tantalus”, in The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, volume XVI, London: Richard Taylor, […]; Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, […]; William Wood, […], published 1833, →OCLC, page 502:

The work on larynx transplantation has been discussed in the previous paragraphs. Corollary to this is the possible development of an artificial larynx which can be implanted just as an artificial heart might be implanted. Design of such larynxes might permit a quick solution to the problem of tissue rejection.

1968 April 25, John E. Bordley (witness), Departments of Labor, and Health, Education, and Welfare Appropriations for 1969: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Ninetieth Congress, Second Session: […], part 7 (Members of Congress, Interested Individuals and Organizations), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 259:

The ability of Red Deer stags to lower their larynx when roaring appears to be one of the exaggerators of formant dispersal, since the resting position of the male larynx is already lower than the typical mammalian position. [...] Size exaggeration provides an intriguing, non-linguistic explanation for the descent of the human larynx [...].

2003, John Maynard Smith, David Harper, “Indices of Quality”, in Animal Signals, Oxford, Oxforshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 2004, →ISBN, 4.2 Are Mammalian Sounds Reliable Indices of Size?, page 47:

Study of intubated larynges from infants of 22 to 40 weeks' gestation who survived a few hours to 300 days showed acute injury was almost invariable, and up to 100% of the subglottic epithelium was lost within a few hour of intubation, but progression of injury was relatively short-lived.

2015, George H. Zalzal, Robin Thomas Cotton, “Glottic and Subglottic Stenosis”, in Marci M. Lesperance, Paul W. Flint, Cummings Pediatric Otolaryngology, Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders, Elsevier, →ISBN, 6: Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, and Esophagus, page 350, column 2:

(anatomy, zootomy) A hollow muscular organ of the neck of mammals situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the oesophagus. It is involved in breath control and protection of the trachea, and, as it houses the vocal cords, sound production.

laring

organ involved in breath control, protection of the trachea, and sound production

បំពង់កក្នុង

bɑmpʊəŋ kɑɑ knoŋ


moss

en-noun

moss (countable and uncountable, plural mosses)

From Middle English mos, from Old English mos (“bog, marsh, moss”), from Proto-West Germanic *mos (“marsh, moss”), from Proto-Germanic *musą (“marsh, moss”), from Proto-Indo-European *mews- (“moss”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Moas (“moss”), West Frisian moas (“moss”), Dutch mos (“moss”), German Low German Moss (“moss”), German Moos (which shows the same polysemy of "moss" and "bog, fen"), Danish mos (“moss”), Swedish mossa (“moss”), Icelandic mosi (“moss”), Latin muscus (“moss”), Russian мох (mox, “moss”), Polish mech. Doublet of mousse.

cypress moss

Hypnum cupressiforme; Lycopodium alpinum

flowering moss (Pyxidanthera barbulata; Portulaca grandiflora;

moss crop

Eriophorum vaginatum; Eriophorum polystachion; Argentina anserina, syn. Potentilla anserina; Eleocharis palustris, syn. Scirpus caespitosus

willow moss

Hypnaceae, possibly Taxiphyllum barbieri

Any of various small, green, seedless plants growing on the ground or on the surfaces of trees, stones, etc.; now specifically, a plant of the phylum Bryophyta (formerly division Musci).

(countable) A kind or species of such plants.

the mosses of the Scottish border

Loynton Moss


moss

en-verb

moss (third-person singular simple present mosses, present participle mossing, simple past and past participle mossed)

mosses (present singular third-person)
mossing (participle present)
mossed (participle past)
mossed (past)

Although I really shouldn't... I feel like cracking this stout and just mossing in the sun with a splif. Shit, maan. Its^([sic]) relaxation time!

2014 August 29, @7oneZ_FuckTDSB, Twitter:

The Huffington Post Canada
w:The Huffington Post Canada

(intransitive, MTE, slang) To relax, chill out.


curb

curb (third-person singular simple present curbs, present participle curbing, simple past and past participle curbed)

curbs (present singular third-person)
curbing (participle present)
curbed (participle past)
curbed (past)
kerb (alternative)
kirb (alternative)

From Middle French courbe (“curve, curved object”), from Latin curvus (“bent, crooked, curved”). Doublet of curve.


frontal

Borrowed from New Latin frontālis, from frons (“the forehead, brow, front”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix), equivalent to front + -al; cognate of French frontal. Doublet of frontalis.

af

(zootomy) Any of the scales of a reptile that lie in the general region of the forehead, more specifically between the eyes and to the anterior of this area.


dorsal

en-adj

dorsal (comparative more dorsal, superlative most dorsal)

more dorsal (comparative)
most dorsal (superlative)
dossal (alternative)

From Late Middle English dorsal/dorsale, borrowing from Medieval Latin dorsālis (“of or relating to the back”), from dorsum (“the back”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to dorsum + -al.

ظَهْرِيّ

relating to the side in which the backbone is located

(anatomy, zootomy) With respect to, or concerning the side in which the backbone is located, or the analogous side of an invertebrate.

(anatomy) Relating to the top surface of the foot or hand.

背側 /背侧

relating to the top surface of foot or hand

(linguistics, of a sound) Produced using the dorsum of the tongue.


dorsal

(zootomy, in snakes) Any of the longitudinal series of plates that encircle the body, excluding the ventral scales.


blackleg

en-noun

blackleg (countable and uncountable, plural blacklegs)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-blackleg.wav

(uncountable, agriculture, veterinary medicine) A fatal cattle disease caused by the soil-borne bacterium Clostridium chauvoei; symptomatic anthrax.

In the autumn there was a row at some cement works about the unskilled labour men. A union had just been started for them and all but a few joined. One of these blacklegs was laid for by a picket and knocked out of time.

1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XLIV, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, pages 364–365:

It's in the evening after dark when the blackleg miner creeps to work. With his moleskin pants and his dirty shirt, there goes the blackleg miner.

1970 June 27, traditional (lyrics and music), “The Blackleg Miner” (track 4), in Hark! The Village Wait, performed by Steeleye Span:

(countable) A person who takes the place of striking workers.


boomer

(UK) A Eurasian bittern (subfamily Botaurinae).


spliff

spliffs (plural)
spiff (alternative)
spleef (alternative)
splif (alternative)

From Jamaican Creole, possibly a blend of split, referring to the ready-made wrap + whiff, referring to the smell of the smoke.

smoke a spliff

Pablo switched off the wipers and struck a match to light the spliff he had just finished building.

1992, Victor Headley, Yardie, New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, published 1993, page 167:

Danny takes another toke on the spliff and then passes it over to Griff, who accepts it and draws deep on it and then points with the lit end across the room at Gwenno like some strange weatherman indicating a pocket of high pressure.

2001, Niall Griffiths, Sheepshagger, New York: Thomas Dunne, published 2002, page 104:

“Well, well, well,” Ma Taffy says, sitting back and returning the spliff to her mouth. She exhales a cloud of ganja that envelops herself and the boy.

2016, Kei Miller, “Chapter 1”, in Augustown, New York: Pantheon, pages 14–15:

(slang, UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, Jamaica) A cannabis cigarette.


sucker

From Middle English souker, sokere, sukkere, soukere, equivalent to suck (verb) + -er. Compare Saterland Frisian Suuger, West Frisian sûker (“sucker”), Dutch zuiger (“sucker”), German Sauger (“dummy; vacuum”).

An organ or body part that does the sucking; especially a round structure on the bodies of some insects, frogs, and octopuses that allows them to stick to surfaces.


whisker

Middle English wisker, whisk (verb) + -er

One of the long, projecting hairs growing at the sides of the mouth of a cat, or other animal.

snor

long projecting hair at the sides of the mouth of a cat

(nautical) Spreaders from the bows to spread the bowsprit shrouds.

(statistics) A graphic element that shows the maxima and minima in a box plot.

Whisker

a graphic element that shows the maxima and minima in a box plot

One who, or that which, whisks, or moves with a quick, sweeping motion.

(metallurgy) A small tendril that forms on metal.


measly

en-adj

measly (comparative measlier, superlative measliest)

measlier (comparative)
measliest (superlative)
measley (alternative)

From measle (“singular of measles”) + -y; the word measle is either from Middle Dutch masel (“a blister filled with blood; a pustule, a skin blemish”), or Middle Low German masel (“a red skin blemish”), from Proto-Germanic *masuraz (“a knot or scar in wood; a knarl”), from *mas-, *mēs- (“a spot; a sore; a scar”), from Proto-Indo-European *mos- (“a skin sore”).

suffix

singular of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">measles</i>

der

For one whole day's work all I was given was twenty measly pounds.

The visiting tourists eagerly forked over a measly two dollars per group to their guides as payment for their services. This amount was measly sum to the givers, but a princely sum to the takers.

2004, Richard Rizun, Ora, Trafford Publishing, →ISBN:

So it wasn't a hotel, as I said in my novel, just a measly motel. But to me it was like the First measly motel, and I remember laughing about the things I was saying straight from my unconscious to both his and God's ear.

2010, Marylee Daniel Mitcham, Blacktime Song by Rosalie Wolfe, Strategic Book Publishing, →ISBN, page 127:

(figuratively, informal) Small (especially contemptibly small) in amount.


munchies

en-noun

munchies pl (normally plural, singular munchie or munchy)

We were given the first name of the host, the address of the apartment and told to bring whatever toys we wanted. Beer and munchies would be on hand.

1988 May 7, Christopher Wittke, “It Takes Two To Tango”, in Gay Community News, page 8:

(slang) Food, especially convenience snack foods.

I've got the munchies.

I got the munchies, we got the Mary Jane in the Dungeon / Just to let you niggas know in '93, that's how we coming

1993, “Player’s Ball”, performed by OutKast:

The girl, who has not been publicly identified, sold more than 300 boxes in six hours, her father told ABC 10. Boxes now sell for as much as $5 in parts of the country, so she probably raised more than $1,500. Yes, there’s money in the munchies.

2018 February 8, Daniel Victor, “A Girl Scout Sold 300 Boxes of Cookies Near a Marijuana Shop”, in New York Times:

(slang, with the definite article) Hunger, especially a craving for food as a result of cannabis or alcohol consumption.

boefkik

craving for food as a result of use of cannabis


flyer

→ Finnish: flaijeri

→ French: flyer

→ German: Flyer

→ Korean: 플라이어 (peullaieo)

→ Portuguese: flyer

From fly + -er (agent noun suffix).
With regard to the sense "female kangaroo": because of the high speed at which they move.

طَيَّار

someone who pilots or rides in an airplane

A female kangaroo; a roo; a doe; a jill.


velvet

velvet (countable and uncountable, plural velvets)

From Middle English velvet, velwet, veluet, from Old Occitan veluet, from Late Latin villutittus, diminutive of villūtus, from Latin villus (“shaggy hair, tuft of hair”). Cognate with French velours.

uder

(rare, countable) A female chinchilla; a sow.


pizzle

pizzles (plural)
pizzel (alternative)
pizzell (alternative)
pisle (alternative)

From Dutch Low Saxon pesel or West Flemish pezel, diminutive of Middle Dutch pese (“a sinew, tendon, string, pizzle”), from Old Dutch *pisa (“sinew, string, fibre”), possibly ultimately related to vezel (“fiber”), from Proto-West Germanic *fas-il-, from Proto-Indo-European *pē̆s- (“to blow”) (see Old High German faso (“fiber”)); in which case this alternation *pes- / *fes- may indicate a repeated borrowing from a (non-Indo-European?) substrate language.
Cognate with Dutch pees, Middle Low German pese (“tendon, bowstring”), Dutch pees (“sinew, tendon”), German Low German Peserick, Pesel (“pizzle”), dialectal German Pisel (“penis”).

cog

A baton made from the penis of an ox, once used to beat men and animals.


schwag

Unknown. Possibly related to shag (“shredded tobacco”). The "marijuana" noun sense is attested since the 1980s in the United States, the adjective since the 1990s. The "trinkets or items given away" sense is a variant of swag from 19th century thieves' cant.

National pride deserves something more than a fistful of freebies from a governmental schwag bag or the wearing of any one of the staggering array of commercially available pins.

2004, Blaise Cronin, Jeremiad Jottings, Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, →ISBN, page 91:

(slang) Alternative form of swag (“trinkets or promotional items given away at an event”).


farcical

(veterinary medicine, obsolete, rare) Pertaining to farcy.


pharynx

Borrowing from New Latin pharynx, from Ancient Greek φᾰ́ρῠγξ (phắrŭnx, “throat”).

der

(zootomy) The part of the alimentary canal immediately behind the mouth in invertebrates that may be thickened and muscular, eversible and toothed, or adapted as a suctorial organ.


brandy

en-noun

brandy (countable and uncountable, plural brandies)

→ Abenaki: blandi

→ Basque: brandy

→ Cebuano: brandi

→ Chinese:

Cantonese: 拔蘭地 /拔兰地 (bat⁶ laan⁴⁻¹ dei⁶⁻²), 白蘭地 /白兰地 (baak⁶ laan⁴⁻¹ dei⁶⁻²)

Mandarin: 白蘭地 /白兰地 (báilándì)

Min Nan: 物蘭池 /物兰池 (bu̍t-lân-tî)

→ Czech: brandy

→ Danish: brandy

→ Dutch: brandy

→ Esperanto: brando

→ Estonian: brändi

→ Finnish: brandy

→ Galician: brandy

→ German: Brandy

→ Greek: μπράντι (bránti)

→ Hungarian: brandy

→ Icelandic: brandí

→ Irish: branda

→ Italian: brandy

→ Japanese: ブランデー (burandē)

→ Korean: 브랜디 (beuraendi)

→ Lower Sorbian: brandy

→ Norwegian: brandy

→ Occitan: brandy

→ Polish: brandy

desc

→ Portuguese: brande, (unadapted form) brandy

→ Romanian: brandy

desctree

→ Russian: бренди (brendi)
→ Armenian: բրենդի (brendi)

→ Scottish Gaelic: branndaidh

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бренди

Latin script: brendi

→ Spanish: brandy

→ Swahili: brandi

→ Swedish: brandy

→ Tagalog: brandi

→ Thai: บรั่นดี (bà-ràn-dii)

→ Turkish: brendi

→ Vietnamese: brandy, branđi

→ Welsh: brandi

Shortened form of brandywine, from Dutch brandewijn (“burnt wine”). Compare German Brantewein, Branntwein.

(uncountable) An alcoholic liquor distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice.


brandy

en-verb

brandy (third-person singular simple present brandies, present participle brandying, simple past and past participle brandied)

brandies (present singular third-person)
brandying (participle present)
brandied (participle past)
brandied (past)

(transitive) To preserve, flavour, or mix with brandy.

säilöä brandyyn

to preserve, flavour, or mix with brandy


measles

en-noun

measles pl (normally plural, singular measle)

measle (singular)
measle (alternative)
the measles (alternative)

Either from Middle Dutch masels (“blood blisters, measels”) or Middle Low German maselen (“red blemishes, measels”), both from Old High German masala (“blood blister, phlegmon”). Doublet of measlings. Cognate with mazer & mase and Middle Low German masele & māsel. Influenced in pronunciation and some senses by mesel (“leprous, leper”).

der

The Swyne dyed of the Measils.

Porcine measles, thought by classical writers to be leprosy, is actually the result of tapeworm cysts which cause ulcerations of the pig's tongue.

1992, Maguelonne Toussaint-Samat, translated by Anthea Bell, The History of Food, page 416:

(veterinary medicine) Synonym of cysticercosis: A disease of livestock or meat caused by the presence of tapeworm larvae.


plumage

en-noun

plumage (countable and uncountable, plural plumages)

From Old French plumage (14c.), itself from plume (“feather”) (from Latin plūma (“feather, down”), from a Proto-Indo-European base *plews- (“to pluck, a feather, fleece”) + -age.

Somewhat like a heron she was, but stouter, and shorter of leg, and her beak shorter and thicker than the heron’s; and so long and delicate was her pale gray plumage that hard it was to say whether it were hair or feathers.

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros, London: Jonathan Cape, page 33:

[Owner]: No no he's not dead, he's, he's restin'! Remarkable bird, the Norwegian Blue, idn'it, ay? Beautiful plumage!
[Mr. Praline]: The plumage don't enter into it. It's stone dead.

1969, Monty Python, “Monty Python’s Flying Circus”, in Dead Parrot sketch:

(ornithology, collective noun) Layer or collection of feathers covering a bird’s body; feathers used ornamentally; feathering.


cuttlefish bone

cuttlefish bone (plural cuttlefish bones)

/ˌkʌtl̩fɪʃ ˈbəʊn/

The calcareous, oval-shaped internal shell of a cuttlefish (order Sepiida), originally used in powdered form as an antacid and for absorbing moisture or polishing objects, and now chiefly as a dietary supplement for cage birds.


THC

thermohaline circulation
thermohaline circulation#English

Abbreviation of thermohaline circulation.


fetlock

fetlocks (plural)
fetterlock (alternative)
fewterlock (alternative)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fetlock.wav

From Middle English fitlokes, feetlakkes pl, equivalent to foot + lock (“tuft of hair”). Cognate with Middle Low German fitlok, fitlock (“fetlock”), Dutch vitlok, vittelokke, vitslok, German Fissloch, Fisloch, Fislach (“fetlock; pastern”).

The tuft of hair that grows at this joint.


stifle

The verb is derived from Late Middle English stuflen (“to have difficulty breathing due to heat, stifle; to suffocate by drowning, drown”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain, perhaps from stuffen (“to kill by suffocation; to stifle from heat; to extinguish, suppress (body heat, breath, humour, etc.); to deprive a plant of the conditions necessary for growth, choke”) + -el- (derivational infix in verbs, often denoting diminutive, intensive, or repetitive actions or events). Stuffen is derived from Old French estofer, estouffer (“to choke, strangle, suffocate; (figuratively) to inhibit, prevent”) [and other forms] (modern French étouffer), a variant of estoper, estuper (“to block, plug, stop up; to stiffen, thicken”) (modern French étouper (“to caulk”)), influenced by estofer (“to pad, stuff; to upholster”) (modern French étoffer). Estoper is derived from Vulgar Latin *stuppāre, from Latin stuppa (“coarse flax, tow”) (as a stuffing material; from Ancient Greek στύπη (stúpē), στύππη (stúppē) (compare στυππεῖον (stuppeîon)); probably from Pre-Greek) + -āre. According to the Oxford English Dictionary a derivation from Old Norse stífla (“to dam; to choke, stop up”) “appears untenable on the ground both of form and sense”.
The noun is derived from the verb.

noncog

(rare) An act or state of being stifled.


stifle

The noun is derived from Middle English stifle (“joint between the femur and tibia of a quadruped”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain, probably derived from Anglo-Norman estive (“leg”), and Old French estive (“leg”) (compare Old French estival (“boot, shoe”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.

ref

From C[harles] J[ames] Korinek, A[lbie] W[illiam] Korinek (1915) “Diseases of the Horse: Cause, Symptoms and Treatment”, in Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry: Their Cause, Symptoms and Treatment, Portland, Or.: Korinek Remedy Company, →OCLC, page 10.

inh

(zootomy) The joint between the femur and tibia in the hind leg of various four-legged mammals, especially horses, corresponding to the knee in humans.

polvi

(veterinary medicine) A bone disease of this region.


cloaca

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cloaca.wav

Borrowed from Latin cloāca (“sewer”), from cluō (“cleanse; purge”).

In birds the rectum, at the termination of its canal, forms an oval or elongated pouch […] and then expands into a cavity, which has been named cloaca.

1822, John Mason Good, The Study of Medicine, volume I, page 7:

(anatomy, zoology) The opening in reptiles, amphibians and birds, as well as elasmobranchians, lobe-finned fishes, marsupials and monotreme mammals, which serves as the common outlet for the urogenital ducts and rectum.

клоа́ка

anatomical feature of birds, reptiles, etc.

総排出腔

そうはいしゅつこう, sōhaishutsukō, そうはいしゅつくう, sōhaishutsukū

排出腔

はいしゅつこう, haishutsukō, はいしゅつくう, haishutsukū

Across this shell [sc. of bone] small holes are eaten, by which the matter escapes, and which are called cloacae (Weidmann).

1846, Joseph François Malgaigne, translated by Frederick Brittan, Manual of Operative Surgery, page 172:

(anatomy) A duct through which gangrenous material escapes a body.

(embryology) Structure in the embryo during the development of the reproductive and urinary systems.


floating

(veterinary medicine) A veterinary dental procedure involving the filing down of sharp surfaces on a horse's teeth.


gobbler

One who gobbles:
(slang) A turkey.
Especially, a male turkey.

One who gobbles:
A turkey.
Especially, a male turkey.


heterodont

/ˈhɛtəɹəʊdɒnt/

/ˈhɛtəɹəˌdɑnt/

From hetero- (prefix meaning ‘different’) + -odont (suffix meaning ‘tooth; toothed’). Hetero- is derived from Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros, “one or the other of two; different”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together; one”); while -odont is from Ancient Greek ὀδούς (odoús, “tooth; tusk”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to bite”) + *-ónts (suffix forming nouns denoting body parts). By surface analysis, hetero- + -odont.

der

"On the Homologies and Notation of the Teeth of Mammalia," by W[illiam] H[enry] Flower, F.R.S. […] The classification and special homologies of the teeth of the heterodont mammals was next discussed.

1868, “Quarterly Chronicle of Microscopical Science”, in Edwin Lankester, George Busk, editors, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, volume VIII (New Series; volume XVI overall), London: John Churchill and Sons, […], →OCLC, pages 277–278:

The adaptation of the form of the teeth on both sides to this position, and the accurate adjustment of their contiguous surfaces, shows that it is a natural conformation. They are, moreover, of very nearly even height throughout the series, and in their configuration present a remarkable and gradual transition from the first incisor to the last molar, easily traced in both jaws, and more even and regular than in any other known heterodont mammal.

1873 June 19, William Henry Flower, “VI. On a Newly Discovered Extinct Ungulate Mammal from Patagonia, Homalodontotherium Cunninghami.”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, volume 164, London: […] Taylor and Francis, […], published 1874, →OCLC, page 175:

The few common characters by which the Edentata are associated are too well known to need repetition. The principal one is the abseance of any trace of the typical heterodont and diphyodont dentition, found in a more or less modified form in all other placental mammals.

1882 April 18, William Henry Flower, “On the Mutual Affinities of the Animals Composing the Order Edentata”, in Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, number XXV, London: […] [Zoological] Society [of London]; Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 359:

[I]n many heterodont forms the teeth at the anterior end of the series of premolars and molars are small teeth, standing to the teeth behind them as the first terms of a series more or less regularly progressing in size.

1894, William Bateson, “Linear Series—continued”, in Materials for the Study of Variation Treated with Especial Regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 269:

The process of evolution of the specialised heterodont dentition of the Mammalia, or of the Theriodontia, from the simple homodont and polyphyodont dentition of the lower Reptilia would, I think, necessarily cause a reduction in number of the successional sets of teeth, due to an enlargement of one set and a consequent abstraction of growth, energy and material from the underlying sets.

1894 August 1, M. F. Woodward, “On the Succession and Genesis of Mammalian Teeth”, in W. H. Dolamore, editor, The Dental Record: A Monthly Journal of Dental Science, Art, and Literature, Devoted to the Interests of the Profession, volume XIV, number 8, London, Manchester: Dental Manufacturing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 375:

Finally the structure of the palate in ?Acrodus (and to a lesser extent, Hybodus and Asteracanthus) shows certain general resemblances to that of modern heterodont sharks, particularly in the lower postorbital ramus, absence of an orbital process, well-developed ethmoidal articulations and absence of a basal angle.

1981 April 2, Keith Stewart Thomson, “An Early Triassic Hybodont Shark from Northern Madagascar”, in Postilla, number 186, New Haven, Conn.: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, published 15 February 1982, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 13, column 1:

Mammalian teeth are characteristically heterodont, i.e. teeth are dissimilar in shape and size.

2007 March, “Dentition in Mammals”, in Mahendra Jain, editor, Competition Science Vision: A Specialized Magazine for Medical Entrance & 10+2 Exams, volume 10, number 109, Agra, Uttar Pradesh: Mahendra Jain for Pratiyogita Darpan, →OCLC, page 76, column 2:

The first cetaceans were heterodont and had multicusped cheek teeth. […] The earliest odontocetes were heterodont, and the earliest mysticetes retained teeth[…], though vascular grooves on their palates suggest baleen too[…].

2010, Peter S. Ungar, “Cenozoic Mammalian Evolution”, in Mammal Teeth: Origin, Evolution, and Diversity, Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, part II (The Evolution of Mammal Teeth), page 120, column 1:

(zootomy) Having teeth of different types (like most mammals).


heifer

Inherited from Middle English heyfre, hayfre, heyfer, from Old English hēahfore, hēahfru, of disputed origin; see the Old English entry for more discussion.

And the Lord ſpake vnto Moſes and vnto Aaron, ſaying, This is the ordinance of the Law, which the Lord hath commaunded, ſaying, Speak vnto the childꝛen of Iſrael, that they bꝛing thee a red heifer without ſpot, wherein is no blemiſh, and vpon which neuer came yoke.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Numbers 19:1–2:

We muſt be neat; not neat, but cleanly, Captaine: / And yet the Steere, the Heycfer^([sic]), and the Calfe, / Are all call'd Neat.

c. 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Winters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 278:

The breath of the mountain heifer was fragrant as the gales of Sirendiep, by feeding on ſpicy herbs.

1769, Firishta, translated by Alexander Dow, Tales translated from the Persian of Inatulla of Delhi, volume I, Dublin: P. and W. Wilson et al., page iv:

A young female cow, (particularly) one over one year old but which has not calved.


gill

From Middle English gille, gylle (“gill”), of North Germanic origin, akin to Danish gælle, Swedish gäl, Norwegian gjelle, and further to Old Norse gjǫlnar (“lips”), which also may have had the meaning of "gills" (based on Old Danish fiskegæln (“gills”)). The Old Norse word has been suggested as deriving from Proto-Germanic *gelunō (“jaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-, which would make it root-cognate to Ancient Greek χελύνη (khelúnē, “lip, jaw”), χεῖλος (kheîlos, “lip”).
Displaced native Old English ċīe.

cog

Fishes […] perform their respiration under water by the gills.

1691, John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation. […], London: […] Samuel Smith, […], →OCLC:

(zootomy) A breathing organ of fish and other aquatic animals.


gill

Clipping of gillian, from the female name Gillian.


ampelography

From French ampélographie, from ampelo- (“vine”) + -graphy.

She is the American apostle of Pierre Galet, a Frenchman whose internationally recognized contribution to ampelography, or the science of classifying grape vines, rests on identifying leaf design and the appearance of a vine's growing tips.

1986 August 6, Howard G. Goldberg, “Wine Talk”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, page C18:

Scientists are just now devising a genetic test to distinguish one rootstock from another. Until they do, the only recourse is the arcane art of ampelography, in which the vines are identified by physical appearance. Like art authenticators, ampelographers practice a craft that they would have others think is a science.

1993 October 17, Arthur Lubow, “What's Killing the Grapevines of Napa?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The mainstay of grapevine identification is the science of ampelography, and manuals of ampelography (Galet 1971) are the major resource for grapevine identification.

1993, Proceedings of the Eighth Australian Wine Industry Technical Conference, Volume 8, Australian Wine Research Institute, page 78:

(botany, oenology) The discipline within botany concerned with the taxonomy of cultivars in the grapevine genus, Vitis.


roach clip

A clip or holder, usually a 1 inch alligator clamp, used to hold the end of a hand-rolled marijuana cigarette so it can be smoked without burning the smoker's fingers.


hashish

en-noun

hashish (usually uncountable, plural hashishes)

hashishes (plural)
hasheesh (alternative)
haschisch (alternative)

From Arabic حَشِيش (ḥašīš, “hay, dried herb”).

bor

Coyly at first, but less guardedly as we grew bolder, we smoked the forbidden weed "Hashísh," conversing lengthily the while about that world of which I had seen so much.

1855, Sir Richard Burton, Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah, Dover, published 1964, page 44:

You know hasheesh is the extract of hemp?

1875, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, chapter 4, in Eight Cousins:

The leaves and tender parts of the Indian hemp plant (which are intoxicating), which are dried for either chewing or smoking.


bloat

en-verb

bloat (third-person singular simple present bloats, present participle bloating, simple past and past participle bloated)

bloats (present singular third-person)
bloating (participle present)
bloated (participle past)
bloated (past)

Perhaps from Middle English blot, blout (“soft; flexible; pliable”), from Old Norse blautr (“soft”). Akin to Danish blød, Dutch bloot (“nude”) and German bloß (“nude”).

(intransitive, veterinary medicine) To get an overdistended rumen, talking of a ruminant.


bloat

en-noun

bloat (countable and uncountable, plural bloats)

(veterinary medicine) Pathological overdistention of rumen with gas in a ruminant.


scrapie

scrapie (countable and uncountable, plural scrapies)

From scrape + -ie, from the tendency of affected animals to scrape themselves against solid objects.

This incurable disease, called scrapie, became a large problem, often killing one ewe in ten.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 272:

central nervous system
central nervous system

A degenerative prion disease of sheep and goats that attacks the central nervous system.


garget

/ˈɡɑː(ɹ)ɡɪt/

From Middle English garget, gargate (“throat”), from Old French gargate. Compare gorge.


vintage

vintage (countable and uncountable, plural vintages)

From Middle English vendage, vyndage, from Anglo-Norman vendenge, from Old French vendage, vendenge (cognate with French vendange), from Latin vindēmia (“a gathering of grapes, vintage”), from vīnum (“wine”) + dēmō (“take off or away, remove”), from de (“of; from, away from”) + emō (“take”).

der

I had this story from one who had no business to tell it to me, or to any other. I may credit the seductive influence of an old vintage upon the narrator for the beginning of it, and my own skeptical incredulity during the days that followed for the balance of the strange tale.

1914, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter 1, in Tarzan of the Apes:

Wine, especially high-quality, identified as to year and vineyard or district of origin.

вино́ урожа́я

определённого го́да


gelding

From Middle English geldyng (“eunuch”), from Old Norse geldingr (“wether, eunuch”), from gelda (“to castrate”). By surface analysis, geld (“to castrate”) + -ing (diminutive suffix).


dystocia

en-noun

dystocia (countable and uncountable, plural dystocias)

From Ancient Greek δυστοκία (dustokía, “difficult childbirth”), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + τόκος (tókos, “childbirth”), from τίκτω (tíktō, “I give birth”).

uder

In macaques, baboons and chimpanzees, dystocia because of breech birth is the commonest category of fetal death.[…]Breech dystocia is rarely a problem for mother or neonates in small, multitocus species like marmosets and tamarins.

2005, James Mahoney, “Primate Management: Medical Care”, in Sonia Wolfe-Coote, editor, The Laboratory Primate, page 256:

Dystocia is defined as difficult delivery. Pelvic dystocia is due to aberrations of the pelvic architecture and its relationship to the presenting fetal part.[…]Fetal dystocia may be due to excessive fetal size from gestational diabetes or congenital anomalies.

2006, Richard Aghababian, Essentials of Emergency Medicine, page 480:

Although fetal dystocias are sometimes relieved by manipulation and instrumentation, cesarean sections are often the only practical methods of treatment.

2008, Dan Rice, The Complete Book of Dog Breeding, 2nd edition, page 96:

It is an appropriate way to allow resolution of the dystocia, after clearing the airway and checking for a nuchal cord.
The prevailing thinking is that the time window in which to resolve a shoulder dystocia before asphyxial insult (not injury) is about 4 minutes.

2009, James A. O′Leary, Shoulder Dystocia and Birth Injury: Prevention and Treatment, page 102:

(medicine, veterinary medicine) A slow or difficult labour or delivery.


pullet

From Middle English polet, pulet, from Anglo-Norman pullet, Old French poulet (“young chicken”); polette (“young hen”), from poule (“hen”). Doublet of poult. Compare also Middle English pulle.


robe

→ Irish: róba

→ Scottish Gaelic: ròb

From Middle English robe, roobe, from Old French robe, robbe, reube (“booty, spoils of war, robe, garment”), from Frankish *rouba, *rauba (“booty, spoils, stolen clothes”, literally “things taken”), from Proto-Germanic *raubō, *raubaz, *raubą (“booty, that which is stripped or carried away”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to tear, peel”).
cognates and related terms
Akin to Old High German roup (“booty”) (Modern German Raub (“robbery, spoils”)), Old High German roubōn (“to rob, steal”) (Modern German rauben (“to rob”)), Old English rēaf (“spoils, booty, dress, armour, robe, garment”), Old English rēafian (“to steal, deprive”). Cognate with Spanish ropa (“clothing, clothes”). More at rob, reaf, reave.

cog

Through tattered clothes small vices do appear; / Robes and furred gowns hide all.

c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vi]:

A long loose outer garment, often signifying honorary stature.

A wardrobe, especially one built into a bedroom.

The largest and strongest tobacco leaves.


robe

en-verb

robe (third-person singular simple present robes, present participle robing, simple past and past participle robed)

robes (present singular third-person)
robing (participle present)
robed (participle past)
robed (past)

(intransitive) To put on official vestments.


croup

From Scots croup, croop (“the croup”), from Scots croup, crowp, croop (“to croak, speak hoarsely, murmur, complain”), from Old Scots crowp, crope, croap (“to call loudly, croak”), alteration of rowp, roup, roip, rope (“to cry, cry hoarsely, roop”), from Middle English roupen, ropen, from Old English hrōpan (“to shout, proclaim; cry out, scream, howl”), from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną (“to shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker-, *kor- (“to caw, crow”). More at roop.

der

(pathology) An infectious illness of the larynx, especially in young children, causing respiratory difficulty.


winegrower

A person or company that owns a vineyard and produces wine, a vinedresser.


rictus

His face was a rictus of sheer delight.

Amid a thick, bristling beard, a nose like an owl's beak and a mouth whose corners were drawn by a wild-beast-like rictus were just discernible.

1899, Victor Hugo, translated by Paul Maurice, The Memoirs of Victor Hugo:

A rictus of cruel malignity lit up greyly their old bony faces.

1916, James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man:

Sword and shield, bone and steel / Rictus grin / Deaf forever to the battle's din

1986, “Deaf Forever”, performed by Motörhead:

Valves plugs pumps to erase/ rictus from my face.

1990, “Nothingface”, performed by Voivod:

The absolute incarnation of evil, Adolf Hitler, lies at your feet in a pool of his own blood. His wrinkled, crimson-splattered visage still strains, a jagged-toothed rictus trying to cry out. Insane even in death. Your lips pinched in bitter victory, you kick his head off his remains and spit on his corpse.

1993, Wolfenstein 3D, scene: after defeating Hitler (episode 3), level/area: 9:

It squinted at her through the hated light, its brow a rictus of pain and fear.

2001, Eoin Colfer, Artemis Fowl, page 56:

The apprentice watched his Master, pain twisting his features into a rictus.

2008, Sean Williams, Star Wars: The Force Unleashed, page 81:


wattle

en-noun

wattle (countable and uncountable, plural wattles)

From Middle English wattel, watel, from Old English watel, watul (“hurdle”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, wind, bend”).

der

A single twig or rod laid on a roof to support the thatch.


ventricle

From late Middle English, from Latin ventriculus (“the belly”), diminutive of venter (“the belly”). Doublet of ventriculus.

Coordinate term: atrium

Meronyms: left ventricle, right ventricle

The muscular ventricles pump blood by contracting their fibers in response to electrical stimulation.

2018, Sandeep Jauhar, Heart: a History, →ISBN, page 47:

(anatomy, zootomy) Any small cavity within a body; a hollow part or organ, especially:

Meronyms: fourth ventricle, lateral ventricle, third ventricle

the ventricle of memory

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

(neuroanatomy) One of four fluid-filled cavities in the brain, that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.

[On birds] Where omitting the more general Properties, of having two Ventricles, and picking up stones to conveigh them into their second Ventricle, the Gizzern, (which provision and instinct is a supply for the want of teeth;) […]

1662, Henry More, An Antidote Against Atheism, Book II: A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings of Dr. Henry More, page 72:

(archaic) A ventriculus; especially, a stomach.


veterinary surgeon

en-noun

veterinary surgeon (plural veterinary surgeons)

A doctor who practices veterinary medicine; a vet.


Mary Jane

Mary Jane, you're always in my brain, and you help me ease the pain.

1995, “Mary Jane”, in Headsex, performed by Technohead, Mokum Records:

Mary Jane, since I have met you, girl, you've ruined my brain.

2005, “Stay Fly”, in Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, Willie Hutchinson (lyrics), Most Known Unknown, performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, and MJG), Sony BMG:


mandible

mandibles (plural)
mandibula (alternative)

From late Middle English, from Late Latin mandibula (“a jaw”), from mandō (“to chew, masticate”) + -bula (instrument noun suffix).

af

Coordinate term: maxilla

The jaw or a jawbone, especially the lower jawbone in mammals and fishes.

Either of the upper and lower segments of a bird's beak.

Any of various invertebrate mouthparts serving to hold or bite food materials.

One of the anterior pair of mouthparts of an arthropod, designed for holding and cutting food.


frass

en-noun

frass (countable and uncountable, plural frasses)

(entomology) The droppings or excrement of insect larvae.

Examine the stalk, especially behind the sheaths, for holes and sawdustlike frass where the larvae have entered to tunnel in the stalk.

1968, United States. Dept. of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin, number 2190, page 5:

The sawdust-like byproduct of wood-boring insects like woodworm, termites, old-house borers or powderpost beetles.


frass

en-adj

frass (comparative frasser, superlative frassest)

frasser (comparative)
frassest (superlative)
frassed (alternative)

Where’s that chap from earlier? Hop that fence fantastic hurdler
You must be frassed, there ain’t no burner.

2017, “Fire in the Booth”, performed by Taze, reused in ”Usual Suspects”:

Under the influence of marijuana, stoned.


patent

patent (comparative more patent, superlative most patent)

more patent (comparative)
most patent (superlative)

From Middle English patent, patente (“wide open; clear, unobstructed; unlimited; of a document: available for public inspection”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman and Middle French patent (modern French patent), and directly from their etymon Latin patēns (“open; accessible, passable; evident, manifest; exposed, vulnerable”), the present active participle of pateō (“to be open; to be accessible, attainable; to be exposed, vulnerable; of frontiers or land: to extent, increase”), from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread out; to fly”).

der

[ˈpʰæ̝ʔn̩t̚]

[ˈpʰe̞ɪʔn̩t̚]

(medicine, veterinary medicine) Of an infection: in the phase when the organism causing it can be detected by clinical tests.


claw

From Middle English clawe, from Old English clawu, from Proto-Germanic *klawō. Compare West Frisian klau, Dutch klauw, German Klaue, Danish klo, Norwegian klo, and Swedish klo.

(colloquial) A human fingernail, particularly one extending well beyond the fingertip.


claw

en-verb

claw (third-person singular simple present claws, present participle clawing, simple past and past participle clawed)

claws (present singular third-person)
clawing (participle present)
clawed (participle past)
clawed (past)

From Middle English clawen, from Old English clawan, clāwan, *clēn, clawian, from Proto-Germanic *klawjaną.

De Gea was United's hero again within seconds of Hernandez's equaliser, diving to his left to claw away Dirk Kuyt's shot as he got on the end of a superb cross from Stewart Downing.

2011 October 15, Phil McNulty, “Liverpool 1 - 1 Man Utd”, in BBC Sport:


wacky baccy

whacky baccy (alternative)
wacky tabaccy (alternative)
whacky tabaccy (alternative)
wacky tabacky (alternative)
wacky tobaccy (alternative)
whacky tobacky (alternative)


giddy

en-adj

giddy (comparative giddier, superlative giddiest)

giddier (comparative)
giddiest (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Middle English gidi, gedy, gydy (“demonically controlled or possessed; crazy, insane; foolish, idiotic, ridiculous, unwise; unsure; (rare) dizzy, shaky; (rare) of an animal: crazed, out of control; a fool”) [and other forms], from Old English gidiġ, gydiġ (“possessed by a demon or spirit, insane, mad”), from Proto-West Germanic *gudīg (“ghostly, spirited”, literally “possessed by a god or spirit”), from *god (“god”) + *-ig, *-g (suffix forming adjectives with the senses of being, doing, or having). The English word is analysable as god + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’, forming adjectives).
The noun and the verb are derived from the adjective.

nb...

gedi, gidie, gidy, gudi, gudiʒe, guidi, guydi, gydi, gydie

лекомислен

unable to concentrate or think seriously; easily excited — see also impulsive

лекомислен

lightheartedly silly — see also frivolous

(British, dialectal, agriculture, veterinary medicine) Of an animal, chiefly a sheep: affected by gid (“a disease caused by parasitic infestation of the brain by tapeworm larvae”), which may result in the animal turning around aimlessly.

pyörimistautia poteva

of an animal, chiefly a sheep: affected by gid


giddy

(British, agriculture, veterinary medicine) Synonym of gid (“a disease caused by parasitic infestation of the brain by tapeworm larvae”)


bubbler

(US) A freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens), of central North America.


cercus

From New Latin cercus, from Ancient Greek κέρκος (kérkos, “tail”).

(entomology) A structure on the end of the abdomen of most insects, sometimes long, hairlike sensory organs and sometimes smaller and rigid.


hind leg

hind legs (plural)
hindleg (alternative)

Coordinate term: foreleg

“Can you hop on your hind legs?” asked the furry rabbit.
That was a dreadful question, for the Velveteen Rabbit had no hind legs at all! The back of him was made all in one piece, like a pincushion. He sat still in the bracken, and hoped that the other rabbits wouldn’t notice.

1921 June, Margery Williams, “The Velveteen Rabbit: Or How Toys Become Real”, in Harper’s Bazar, volume LVI, number 6 (2504 overall), New York, N.Y.: International Magazine Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Either of the two legs towards the rear of a four-legged animal.


foreleg

forelegs (plural)
fore (alternative)
leg (alternative)

Coordinate term: hind leg

For example, the foreleg of the mole is admirably suited for digging underground. A similar modification is found in an entirely different group of the animal kingdom, namely, in the mole cricket[…] In both of these cases the adaptation is the more obvious, because, while the leg of the mole is formed on the same general plan as that of other vertebrates, and the leg of the mole cricket has the same fundamental structure as that of other insects, yet in both cases the details of structure and the general proportions have been so altered, that the leg is fitted for entirely different purposes from that to which the legs of other vertebrates and of other insects are put.

1903, Thomas Hunt Morgan, Evolution and adaptation:

Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great foreleg[…]

1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:

Either of the two legs towards the front of a four-legged animal such as a horse, or towards the front of a many-legged animal such as most insects, or of a piece of furniture, etc.

前腳 /前脚

either of the two legs towards the front of a four-legged animal


oral cavity

(zootomy, in haustellate insects, rare) The hollow on the lower surface of the head from which the proboscis protrudes.


heartworm

en-noun

heartworm (countable and uncountable, plural heartworms)

(veterinary medicine) A parasitic organism that afflicts dogs, of species Dirofilaria immitis of roundworms.

(veterinary medicine) (uncountable) The condition caused by this organism.


Panama Red

A type of marijuana, originally from Panama.


bucket bong

A type of bong for smoking marijuana, usually consisting of a bucket or similar device for holding water, a large bottle with its bottom cut off, and a socket for holding the marijuana in the cap.


maxilla

maxilla (plural maxillae or (obsolete) maxillæ or maxillas)

maxillae (plural)
maxillæ (obsolete plural)
maxillas (plural)

From Middle English, from Latin māxilla (“the jawbone, jaw”), diminutive of māla (“the cheekbone, jaw”).

Coordinate term: mandible

An upper jaw especially of humans and other mammals in which the bony elements are closely fused.

(anatomy) Either of the two bones that lie with one on each side of the upper jaw lateral to the premaxilla and that in higher vertebrates bear most of the teeth.

(zootomy) One of the first or second pair of mouthparts posterior to the mandibles in many arthropods that are used for tasting and manipulating food.


hyoid

Borrowing from French hyoïde, from New Latin hȳoīdēs, from Ancient Greek ῡ̔οειδής (hūoeidḗs, “shaped like the letter "υ"”), from ὖ (û, “the Greek letter upsilon”) + -ο- (-o-) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

af

(anatomy, zootomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the hyoid bone.


stapes

From Medieval Latin stapēs (“stirrup”). Doublet of step.

The tympanic cavity is spanned by the three smallest bones in the body: the auditory ossicles[…] These bones, named for their shape, are the malleus (malʹe-us; "hammer"); the incus (ingʹkus; "anvil"); and the stapes (staʹpēz; "stirrup"). The "handle" of the malleus is secured to the eardrum, and the base of the stapes fits into the oval window.

2010, Elaine Nicpon Marieb, Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8th edition, page 576:

(anatomy, zootomy) A small stirrup-shaped innermost ossicle of the middle ear of mammals, transmitting vibrations from the incus to the inner ear.


tarsus

kitax̂

the part of the foot between the main part of the hindlimb and the metatarsus

(anatomy, zootomy) The part between the main part of the hindlimb and the metatarsus in terrestrial vertebrates.

(anatomy) A group of small bones in this part of the foot. The seven bones of the human tarsus form the ankle and upper part of the foot.

глезен

any of the seven bones in this part of the foot

On the ledge, the guillemots shuffle awkwardly about on their tarsi, the long bone connecting the ‘ankle’ to the feet.

2020, Tim Ecott, The Land of Maybe, Short Books, published 2021, page 99:

(zootomy) The shank or tarsometatarsus of the leg of a bird or reptile.

(zootomy) The true foot or the fifth joint of the leg of an insect or other arthropod, typically consisting of several small segments and ending in a claw.


tarsal

From tarsus + -al, cognate to New Latin tarsālis.

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or relating to the tarsus.


tarsal

(anatomy, zootomy) Ellipsis of tarsal bone.


jimmy

*
* (chocolate sprinkles): Unknown. There is much speculation that they were named after Jim Crow, but there is little, if any, evidence to support this theory.

chocolate jimmies; rainbow jimmies

“What kind of sissy eats strawberry-frosted donuts?” I said. ¶ “With jimmies,” Belson said. ¶ “I had too much respect for you,” I said, “even to mention the jimmies.”

2009, Robert B. Parker, The Professional, Berkley Books, published 2010, →ISBN, page 232:

The crispy pastry tube was overflowing with sweetened, whipped ricotta and dotted with chocolate jimmies.

2017 September 22, Suzanne Loudermilk, “Dining review: At Giovanni's, hearty Italian fare and an old-fashioned feel”, in The Baltimore Sun, archived from the original on 2018-11-18:

(plural only, dialectal, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Maine, Mid-Atlantic US) Sprinkles used as a topping for ice cream, cookies, or cupcakes.

Rhode Island; Massachusetts; Rhode Island; Massachusetts

(US) A jemmy; a crowbar used by burglars to open windows and doors.

(slang, Royal Navy) First Lieutenant (Executive Officer)

We moved to the futon and started fooling around. He rolled on a jimmy and I sat on top of him.

1999, Amy Sohn, Run Catch Kiss, Simon & Schuster, published 2000, →ISBN, page 111:

"The next time you hook up with somebody," Lovie was saying, "you better wear a jimmy, boy. With spermicide on it. […]

2004, Murad Kalam, Night Journey, Simon & Schuster, published 2004, →ISBN, page 158:

Coordinate term: sook

For quotations using this term, see Citations:Jimmy.

(rare) A male crab, especially a mature male; a cock. (Sometimes capitalized.)


jimmy

en-verb

jimmy (third-person singular simple present jimmies, present participle jimmying, simple past and past participle jimmied)

jimmies (present singular third-person)
jimmying (participle present)
jimmied (participle past)
jimmied (past)
jemmy (alternative)

The kitchen window had been jimmied.

(transitive, informal) To pry (something, especially a lock) open with or as if with a crowbar.


nasal bone

nasal bones (plural)
nasal (alternative)

(anatomy, zootomy) Either of two bones of the skull of vertebrates above the fishes which lie in front of the frontal bones and in humans are oblong in shape forming by their junction the bridge of the nose and partly covering the nasal cavity.


vertebral

-ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹəl

(zootomy) Any of the large dorsal scales along the top of a snake's back.


billy goat

billy goats (plural)
billy-goat (alternative)
billygoat (alternative)
buck (alternative)

There were once upon a time three Billy-goats, who were going up into the hills to get fat.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 141:


withers

en-noun

withers pl (normally plural, singular wither)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-withers.wav

From dialectal English wither (“against”) (compare wither-) + -s; see with. So-named because it is the part of the horse that pushes against a load. Compare German Widerrist (“withers”), from wider (“against”) + Rist (“wrist”).

The part of the back of a four-legged animal that is between the shoulder blades; in many species the highest point of the body and the standard place to measure the animal's height.


mastoid

Borrowed from New Latin mastoīdēs, from Ancient Greek μᾰστοειδής (măstoeidḗs, “like a breast”), from μᾰστός (măstós, “a woman's breast”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

af

(anatomy) Being the process of the temporal bone behind the ear.

(zootomy) Being any of several bony elements that occupy a similar position in the skull of lower vertebrates.


ADR

en-noun

ADR (countable and uncountable, plural ADRs)

/eɪ diː ˈɑː/

Coordinate term: BAR

Anytime you notice your horse is ADR instead of BAR, it's time to get on the phone to your vet.

2018, Kendra Gale, The Big Book of Miniature Horses, Trafalgar Square Books, →ISBN:

(veterinary medicine, slang, uncountable) Initialism of ain't doin' right. (the situation where an animal appears unwell but has not yet been diagnosed with any specific illness).


doober

Can you light my doober, please?


uropod

/ˈjʊəɹəˌpɒd/

Coordinate term: pleopod

(anatomy) either of the two posterior abdominal appendages of the lobster, shrimp and some other crustaceans.


sinus

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus (“a bent surface, curve, hollow”). Doublet of sine.

lbor

(anatomy, zootomy) A pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).


talon

From Middle English talon, taloun, from Old French talon (“heel, spur”), from Medieval Latin tālōnem, from Vulgar Latin *tālōnis, from Latin tālus (“ankle”).

and now doth gaſtly death
With greedie talients gripe my bleeding hart,
And like a Harpye tires on my life.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene vii:

It may be tried also whether birds may not have something done to them when they are young , whereby they may be made to have greater or longer bills , or greater and longer talons ?

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “VIII. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

A sharp, hooked claw of a bird of prey or other predatory animal.


scurvy

en-noun

scurvy (usually uncountable, plural scurvies)

The adjective is derived from Late Middle English scurvi, scurvy, variants of scurfi (“having scurf, scabby”), from scurf (“skin disease causing scabs or scales; flakes of skin that fall off due to a skin disease, etc.”) + -i (suffix forming adjectives). Scurf is derived from Old English scurf, from Proto-Germanic *skurf- (“to gnaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off, sever; to divide, separate”). By surface analysis, scurf (“skin disease; flakes of skin that fall off due to a skin disease; crust-like formations on the skin”) + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives).
The noun is derived from the adjective. It was used to translate the similar-sounding Dutch scheurbuik, French scorbut, Middle Low German schorbūk (“scurvy (disease)”), etc.

cog

(uncountable, by extension, veterinary medicine, obsolete) A cattle disease, perhaps affecting the skin.


stripper

(automotive, informal) A base or entry-level trim level of a car model, lacking amenities or features found in higher trim levels.

(manufacturing) Short for stripper plate.


incisor

Borrowing from New Latin incīsor, from incīdō (“to cut into, cut through”) + -tor (“-er, -or”, agent noun suffix).

af

(anatomy, zootomy) A narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth of mammals, between the canines and adapted for cutting; in humans there are four in each jaw.


philtrum

philtra (plural)
philtrums (plural)
filtrum (alternative)

Borrowed from the Latin philtrum (“a love potion”), from Ancient Greek φῐ́λτρον (phĭ́ltron, “a love charm; the dimple in the upper lip”). Doublet of philter.

bor

(zootomy) The junction between the two halves of an animal's upper lip or nose.


spinal

Borrowed from Late Latin spīnālis (“of or belonging to the spine”), from spīna (“a prickle, spine”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, spine + -al.

af

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or relating to the spine.

Of or relating to the spine.
Of or pertaining to the spinal cord.

(zoology) (of a frog or other experimental animal) Having a pithed brain, but an intact surgically isolated spinal cord.


petiole

Borrowed from French pétiole, and its source, Late Latin petiolus (“little foot”), diminutive form of Latin pēs (“foot”).

(entomology, insect anatomy) A narrow or constricted segment of the body of an insect; especially, the metasomal segment of certain Hymenoptera, such as wasps.


sinsemilla

From Spanish sin semilla (literally “without seeds”).

bor

‘One day he’s Allah this, Allah that. Next minute it’s big busty blondes, Russian gymnasts and a smoke of the sinsemilla.’

2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Penguin Books, published 2001, →ISBN, page 284:

[…] Tatum, who wears a different color Danskin every day, or Wayne, who grows sinsemilla in his actual closet, or Boomer, who's always hugging everyone since his family did EST.

2010, Jennifer Egan, “Ask Me if I Care”, in A Visit from the Goon Squad:

A form of cannabis where only the female is allowed to blossom. Without pollen from the male plant, the female blossoms produce no seeds, forming large panicled flowers.


anthrax

en-noun

anthrax (usually uncountable, plural anthraxes)

From Ancient Greek ἄνθραξ (ánthrax, “abscess, boil”).

der

Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis#Translingual

(pathology) An acute infectious disease of herbivores, especially sheep and cattle, caused by Bacillus anthracis.

The human disease that can occur in humans through contact with infected herbivores, tissue from infected animals, or high concentrations of anthrax spores, but is not usually spread between humans, with symptoms including lesions on the skin or in the lungs, often fatal.


chela

In fact, Gilgamesh's instructions are still-valid directions from the guru to the chela.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 184:

The guru had insight. He understood his chela. The relationship between a guru and his chela was as a father to a son, as a whole person to a whole person, individual and unique.

1987, Phirozshah Dorabji Mehta, The Heart of Religion, page 36:

The guru-chela relationship was a theme in many of Nicholas's paintings. In Pearl of Searching, the guru is looking thoughtfully at a pearl necklace with his chela. This symbolizes the "pearl of great price" that gives purpose to life.

2002, Warrior of Light: The Life of Nicholas Roerich: Artist, Himalayan Explorer, and Visionary, page 52:

This, of course, is done by the guru as the result of a long process in which his consciousness must merge with that of the chela and wherein the chela is absorbed essentially into the guru.

2007, Michael Bertiaux, The Voudon Gnostic Workbook: Expanded Edition, page 455:

A pupil or disciple, especially in Hinduism. [from 19th c.]


mota

Thurston... I think it's 10:30. We're calling from Providence, Rhode Island. Did you find your shit? You gotta watch the mota, Thurston, your fuckin memory just goes out the window.

1988, “Providence”, in Mike Watt (lyrics), Sonic Youth (music), Daydream Nation, performed by Sonic Youth, Enigma Records:


gladius

From Latin gladius (“Roman short sword, gladius”). Doublet of glaive.

bor

From the Cretaceous of North America fossilised gladii in the enigmatic genus Tusoteuthis have been estimated to give a mantle length (body size) of 1.8m, just less than that of the giant squid’s.

2017 October 31, Mark Carnall, The Guardian:

(zoology) A pen, a hard internal bodypart of certain cephalopods, made of chitin-like material.


jake

en-noun

jake (countable and uncountable, plural jakes)

The spring turkey woods are occupied by roaming bands of jakes — year-old males with strong mating urges but inferior body size.

1998, Jerome B Robinson, In the Turkey Woods:


pronotum

Phycosecids are small, ovate, convex beetles with a prognathous head, partly covered by a semicircular projection of the pronotum and a dorsal vestiture of whitish scales or scalelike setae.

2013, Adam Slipinski, Australian Beetles Volume 1: Morphology, Classification and Keys:

The dorsal plate of the prothorax in insects


tinta

tinta (countable and uncountable, plural tintas)


cockle

From Middle English cokel, cokkel, kokkel, cocle, of uncertain origin. Perhaps a diminutive of Middle English cokke, cok (“cockle”), from Old English cocc (found in sǣcocc (“cockle”)) + -le; or perhaps from Old French coquille, from Vulgar Latin *cocchilia, from conchylia, from Ancient Greek κογχύλιον (konkhúlion), diminutive of κογχύλη (konkhúlē, “mussel”), of Pre-Greek substrate origin.

(directly from French coquille) A wrinkle, pucker

Rossiter W[orthington] Raymond
w:Rossiter W. Raymond

(mining, UK, Cornwall) The mineral black tourmaline or schorl.


cockle

en-verb

cockle (third-person singular simple present cockles, present participle cockling, simple past and past participle cockled)

cockles (present singular third-person)
cockling (participle present)
cockled (participle past)
cockled (past)

(transitive) To cause to contract into wrinkles or ridges, as some kinds of cloth after a wetting; to pucker.


cockle

Israel Wilde arrived last, his ankle swollen and already berry-blue after cockling at the top of Hatherself Scout.

2017, Benjamin Myers, The Gallows Pole, Bloomsbury, published 2019, page 32:

(Scotland, Northern England, Midlands) To wobble, shake; to be unsteady.


Chardonnay

en-noun

Chardonnay (countable and uncountable, plural Chardonnays)

Chardonnays (plural)
chardonnay (alternative)

/ˌʃɑː(ɹ)dəˈneɪ/

French, believed to be named after the village of Chardonnay in the Mâconnais region of France, where Pouilly-Fuissé is currently produced; it is possible that the variety was first bred there
The place name Chardonnay is from Late Latin Cardonnacum, from Latin carduus (“wild thistle, artichoke”), a name from the Roman period describing the surrounding area.

der

(countable) A green-skinned grape variety used to make a white wine.


Isabella

Latinate and Italian form of Isabel. The grape cultivar is popularly thought to have been discovered by a Mrs Isabella Gibbs of South Carolina in 1816.

Vitis labrusca
Vitis labrusca#Translingual

A grape cultivar popular in the former USSR derived from the grape species Vitis labrusca.


bryophyte

/ˈbɹʌɪ̯.əˌfʌɪt/

From Bryophyta, from Ancient Greek βρύον (brúon, “moss”) + φυτόν (phutón, “plant”) ( + -phyte).

Without going into their reasons, Bold, Alexopoulos, & DelBevoryas (1980) and Crandall-Stotler (1980) believe that there are at least three independent lines of bryophytes and that this is best reflected by establishing three divisions - the Bryophyta (mosses), Hepatophyta (liverworts), and Anthocerotophyta (hornworts).

1993, Wilson Nichols Stewart, Paleobotany and the Evolution of Plants, page 77:

2002, William R. Buck, Bryophytes, entry in Niles Eldredge (editor), Life on Earth, page 202,
Because of their small size and often delicate structure, bryophytes have a poor fossil record, dating back only about 290 million years.

And so it was that I was introduced to Len Ellis and the quiet world of bryophytes – mosses to the rest of us.

2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, published 2003, page 312:

(botany) Any plant of the division Bryophyta, defined sensu lato to comprise the mosses, liverworts and hornworts and corresponding to all embryophytes that are not vascular plants.

briofito

member of the Bryophyta; moss, liverwort, or hornwort


viticulture

en-noun

viticulture (usually uncountable, plural viticultures)

/ˈvɪtɪˌkʌltʃə/

From viti- + culture, from Latin vītis + cultūra (“cultivation of the vine, vine-growing”). Compare agriculture.

The old French farmer practiced viticulture and raised some of the best grapes in the world.
He is knowledgeable in viticulture.

The agricultural practice of growing vines, particularly grape vines.

vneshtari

practice or science of growing vines, particularly grape vines for wine production


equine rhabdomyelosis

(veterinary medicine) A condition that affects the muscles of horses, ranging from stiffness and mild cramps to the horse becoming unable to stand and producing discoloured urine.


dorsal fin

A fin located on the backs of fish and some marine mammals.


pectoral fin

(ichthyology) Either of two fins located on each side of a fish just behind the head.


anal fin

(ichthyology) A fin located on the underside of a fish behind the anus.


caudal fin

The tailfin of a fish and other aquatic vertebrates.

ফিছা

the tailfin of a fish and other aquatic vertebrates


pelvic fin

(ichthyology) Either of a pair of fins on either side and towards the rear of a fish.


nicotine

Borrowed from French nicotine, equivalent to Nicot + -ine, named after Jean Nicot (1530–1604), the French ambassador to Portugal, who sent tobacco seeds back to France in 1561. The etymology of the surname itself is unclear.

He is addicted to nicotine.

The website calls a vote for Alyona a vote against "beauties who do not look natural and who cannot be distinguished from each other" and rails against the "imposed standards" of 90-60-90 vital statistics, and "cigarettes with out nicotine and coffee without caffeine".

2004 April 13, Nick Paton Walsh, “Ample Alyona shakes up Russian pageant”, in The Guardian:

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid (C₁₀H₁₄N₂), commonly occurring in the tobacco plant.

He's got nicotine stains on his fingers.


dugout

The key unit of life here is the dugout – what the soldiers call a ‘blindage’ – an underground burrow where half a dozen men share the narrow space between the bunks with weapons, ammunition, biscuits, tea bags, and a jumble of other essentials (there is also usually a cat, not to mention the mice).

2017 January 14, Roland Oliphant, “Special report: Loose cannons at the frontline of Ukraine's forgotten war”, in The Telegraph:

(military) A pit dug into the ground as a shelter, especially from enemy fire.


merus

From Ancient Greek μηρός (mērós, “thigh”).

(zoology) The meropodite; the first segment of the raptorial appendage of a crustacean.

(architecture) The plane surface between the channels of a triglyph.


Gamay

Yet the 2016 Éxilé rosé from Lise et Bertrand Jousset in the Loire Valley, made mostly of gamay, was yeasty let light and lithe, while the 2016 Indigeno from Ancarani in Emilia-Romagna, made of trebbiano, was taut and earthy.

2018 March 8, Eric Asimov, “Bubbles, With Joy: Pétillant Naturel’s Triumphant Return”, in The New York Times:

Any of several varieties of red grape used for making Beaujolais and other red wines.


redshank

Saltings ringing with the redshank's cry.

1967, J. A. Baker, The Peregrine, page 41:

Any of two species of Old World wading bird in the genus Tringa that have long red legs.


barbel

PIE word
 *bʰardʰéh₂
From Middle English barbel, from Old French barbel, from Vulgar Latin *barbellus, from Late Latin barbulus, diminutive of Latin barbus.

The Barble fishes, if one of them chance to be engaged, will set the line against their backes, and with a fin they have, toothed like a sharp saw, presently saw and fret the same asunder.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

A freshwater fish of the genus Barbus or other closely related genera.

(biology) Whisker-like sensory organs, located around the mouth of certain fish, including catfish, carp, goatfish, sturgeon, and some types of shark.

barbo

whisker-like sensory organs of certain fish

A barb or pap under the tongues of horses and cattle.


brachet

brachets (plural)
bratchet (alternative)

From Middle English brachet, from Old French brachet, a diminutive of Old Occitan brac, from Frankish.

Ryght so as they sat ther came rennyng in a whyte hert in to the halle and a whyte brachet next hym and xxx couple of black rennyng houndes cam after with a greete crye

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter V, in Le Morte Darthur, book III:

Right so as they sat, there came running a white hart into the hall, and a white brachet next to him, and sixty black hounds came running after with a great cry

And foresters, in green-wood trim, / Lead in the leash the gaze-hounds grim, / Attentive, as the bratchet’s bay / From the dark covert drove the prey, / To slip them as he broke away.

1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Introduction to Canto Second: To the Rev. John Marriot, M.A.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, page 61:

I followed it as well as I could, I who have so often boasted of my memory now sniffing along for what seemed a league at least like a brachet and ready almost to yelp for joy at the thought of a place I knew, after so much emptiness, silence, and blackness.

1987, Gene Wolfe, chapter VI, in The Urth of the New Sun, 1st US edition, New York: Tor Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 38:

(obsolete) A female hunting hound that hunts by scent; a brach.


toker

I'm a joker, I'm a smoker / I'm a midnight toker

1973, “The Joker”, performed by Steve Miller Band:

Before leading the coronavirus lockdown that worked and becoming New Zealand’s unifier-in-chief after the deadly shootings last year at two mosques in Christchurch, Ms. Ardern was, it seemed, like most of her constituents: a toker, at least once or twice.

2020 October 1, Damien Cave, “Jacinda Ardern Admits Past Cannabis Use. New Zealanders Shrug: ‘Us, Too.’”, in The New York Times:

You could take a few steps down the sidewalk and enter Friendly Stranger, which trades on nostalgia for tokers who picked up their first bong here, long before cannabis was legalized three and a half years ago.

2022 April 18, Catherine Porter, “A ‘Wild West’ of Marijuana Shops Grows in Toronto”, in The New York Times:


lamina

lamina (plural laminae or (archaic) laminæ or laminas)

laminae (plural)
laminæ (archaic plural)
laminas (plural)

Borrowed from Latin lāmina (“a thin piece of metal, wood, marble; a plate, leaf, layer”). Doublet of lame.

bor

A thin layer, plate, or scale of material.

(zootomy) One of the narrow thin parallel plates of soft vascular sensitive tissue that cover the flesh within the wall of a hoof.


hotbox

One of the ex-L. & Y.R. "pugs" displaced by diesels at Bank Hall, No. 51232, is going to Preston for employment on the dock lines there, but when en route on December 31 it ran out of water and also sustained a hot box, as a result of which it was detained at Bank Hall.

1961 March, “Motive Power Miscellany”, in Trains Illustrated, page 181:

In particular, hot boxes on freight trains are a persistent problem.

1963 July, “News and Comment: Roller bearings for freight stock”, in Modern Railways, page 6:

Experience with infrared hotbox detector installations has demonstrated the validity of the analysis.

1964, RSC, Railway Signaling and Communications - Volume 57, page 18:

(engineering) An overheated shaft bearing.

(rail transport) An overheated axle box, bearing and bearing enclosure.

While you can do everything you wish in Maya without ever using the hotbox, once you get used to the way the hotbox conserves space and puts nearly all of Maya's tools in easy reach, you'll wonder how you ever got along without it .

2000, Perry Harovas, John L. Kundert-Gibbs, Peter Lee, Mastering Maya Complete 2 - Volume 1, page 63:

Another way to easily access menus is by using the hotbox, which appears when you press the spacebar.

2006, George Maestri, Maya 8 at a Glance, page 4:

The features available in the hotbox further depend on the type of the object that is under the cursor when the hotbox is invoked.

2012, Kang Zhang, Software Visualization: From Theory to Practice, page 122:

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(graphical user interface) A context-sensitive dialog that duplicates many of the commands on the menu for users of the Maya Embedded Language.


pigtail

pigtails (plural)
pig-tail (alternative)

One person […] continued constantly to ply him with the very best pig-tail tobacco, which he had most carefully cut in very small pieces purposely for him.

1828, JT Smith, Nollekens and His Times, Century Hutchinson, published 1986, page 265:


pecker

From Middle English pekker, equivalent to peck (“to pick at something in the manner of a bird”) + -er (“forming agent nouns”).

af

Rice mills, called pecker, cog, and water mills... The first... so called, from the pestle's striking... in the manner of a wood pecker.

1802, J. Drayton, A view of South Carolina, as respects her natural and civil concerns, page 121:

After being thrashed by flail or whipped off, the rice was milled and dressed wholly by hand or by a crude machine called a ‘pecker’.

1949, S. C. Murray, This Our Land: the Story of the Agricultural Society of South Carolina, page 41:

Someone who or something that pecks, striking or piercing in the manner of a bird's beak or bill, particularly:

(uncommon) Any machine or machine part moving in a pecking fashion, particularly:

(US regional, historical) Clipping of pecker mill, a rice mill.


tomacco

A tomato plant grafted onto a tobacco plant.


cavernous

en-adj

cavernous (comparative more cavernous, superlative most cavernous)

more cavernous (comparative)
most cavernous (superlative)

Late Middle English cavernous, cavernose, borrowing from Old French caverneux or Latin cavernōsus (“full of hollows or cavities”), from caverna (“a hollow, cavity, cave”) + -ōsus (“-ous, -ose”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to cavern + -ous.

af

(anatomy, zootomy) Composed largely of vascular sinuses and capable of dilating with blood to bring about the erection of a body part.


murrain

en-noun

murrain (countable and uncountable, plural murrains)

murrains (plural)
murrein (alternative)
murrion (alternative)

The noun is derived from Late Middle English morein, morine, moreyn (“(widespread) death; widespread sickness, plague; fatal disease; carnage; carrion”), from Anglo-Norman morine, mourine, moreyn (“death; widespread sickness, plague; carrion; cattle disease”), Middle French morine, and Old French morine, mourine, murine (“widespread sickness, plague; animal which has died from a disease”), from Late Latin morina (“plague”), probably from Latin morī, the present active infinitive of morior (“to die; to decay, wither”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mer- (“to die”).
The adjective and adverb are derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Italian morìa (“plague”)
* Latin morticīnus (“that has died naturally, dead; (relational) carrion”) (Medieval Latin morticinium)
* Occitan moria (“death; plague”)
* Old French morie (“death”) mourie (“flesh of animals that have died of disease”) (Middle French murie)
* Portuguese morrinha (“cattle plague”)
* Spanish morriña (“cattle plague”)

cog

water murrain

Il'e ſtrike thee [Earth] vvith a laſting barrenneſſe. / No more ſhall plenty crovvne thy fertill brovves, / Il'e breake thy plovves, thy Oxen murren-ſtrike: […]

1613, Thomas Heywood, The Silver Age, […], London: […] Nicholas Okes, and are to be sold by Beniamin Lightfoote […], →OCLC, Act III, signature H, verso:

[A] Church-mans Juriſdiction is no more but to vvatch over his Flock in ſeaſon, and out of ſeaſon, to deal by ſvveet and efficacious Inſtructions, gentle Admonitions, and ſometimes rounder Reproofs; […] againſt a perſiſting ſtubbornes, or the fear of a reprobate ſenſe, a timely ſeparation from the Flock by that interdictive Sentence, leſt his Converſation unprohibited, or unbranded, might breath a peſtilential murrein into the other Sheepe.

1642 April, John Milton, An Apology for Smectymnuus; republished in A Complete Collection of the Historical, Political, and Miscellaneous Works of John Milton, […], volume I, Amsterdam [actually London: s.n.], 1698, →OCLC, page 159:

The murrain among Bees is very rare: other diſeaſes they are ſubject too, eſpecially to a ſcovvring, by gathering, or feeding on Tithymal, […]

1657, Samuel Purchas, “Of Bees, Enemies and Sicknesses”, in A Theatre of Politicall Flying-Insects. […], London: […] R. I. for Thomas Parkhurst, […], →OCLC, page 122:

The next year vvas calamitous, bringing ſtrange fluxes upon men, and murren upon Cattel.

1670, John Milton, “The Sixth Book”, in The History of Britain, that Part Especially now Call’d England. […], London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for James Allestry, […] , →OCLC, page 245:

[page 47] [B]ecauſe Murreins among the Larger Cattle, and Rots among the Smaller, are the moſt Fatal of Diſeaſes, and ſvveep them avvay by Herds and Flocks, I ſhall (from Long Experience) ſhovv the neareſt vvay to fore-ſee the approaching Danger, […] [page 48] To prevent therefore this Murrein, Long-ſought; or as ſome call it, Gurget: If you are conſtrained to Paſture your Beaſts, bleed them as ſoon as ever the Leaf begins to fall; peg their Ears and Devv-laps vvith Helebore, or Bears-foot, a Plant ſo called; […]

1700, C. P. [pseudonym], “Signs of Murrein, Rot, or Such Like Destroying Diseases in Cattle; how to Prevent or Remedy Them”, in The Sheepherd’s New Kalender: or, The Citizen’s & Country Man’s Daily Companion: […], London: […] A. M. for J. Blare, […], →OCLC, pages 47–48:

(countable, veterinary medicine, chiefly historical) Any of several highly infectious diseases of cattle or other livestock, such as anthrax, babesiosis, or rinderpest; or a particular epizootic thereof; also, an infectious disease affecting other animals, such as poultry.

مَوْتَان

any of several highly infectious diseases of cattle, etc.; or a particular epizootic thereof


magistery

en-noun

magistery (countable and uncountable, plural magisteries)

/ˈmæd͡ʒɪstəɹi/

/ˈmæd͡ʒəˌstəɹi/

PIE word
 *méǵh₂s
From Middle English magisteri, magistery (“academic degree of Master”), from Latin magisterium (“office of a chief, director, president, or superintendent; teaching office or authority of the Roman Catholic Church; authoritative statement”) (compare Late Latin magisterium (“philosopher’s stone”)), from magister (“master (title for a person in authority or one having a licence from a university to teach liberal arts and philosophy); teacher”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *méǵh₂s (“big, great”) + *-teros (contrastive or oppositional suffix forming adjectives)) + -ium (suffix forming abstract nouns, sometimes denoting groups and offices). Doublet of magisterium. Cognate with French magistère, Old French magisteire.

der

(countable, pharmacology, veterinary medicine) A medicine prepared for a specific use.


bake sale

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bake sale.wav

We try to do our part, and whenever there is a bake sale, we try to participate.

2007, Louise Fritz, Living with Big Dogs, page 99:

Funds were also raised through LNER staff volunteering their time to participate in a range of activities, including sporting events, bake sales and raffles.

2019 November 6, “Network News”, in Rail, page 23:

A fundraising activity where baked goods are sold, with profits going to charity or some other good cause.


dub sack

(US, slang) A bag of marijuana worth twenty dollars.


crupper

From Middle English croper, crouper, from Anglo-Norman cruper, cropere, from Old French cropiere, crupiere, from the same Germanic root as croup. Doublet of croupiere.

Our knight did bear no less a pack / Of his own buttocks on his back: / Which now had almost got the upper- / Hand of his head, for want of crupper.

1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:

he eſpied a mule's crupper, which hung to the ceiling of the room; this he took down, and tendering it to Don Quixote, went on, ſaying...

1784, Alonzo Fernandez de Avellaneda, translated by William Augustus Yardley, A continuation of the history and adventures of the renowned Don Quixote de la Mancha: The Novelist's Magazine, volume 16, page 112:

Captain went out in the cab all the morning. Harry came in after school to feed me and give me water. In the afternoon I was put into the cab. Jerry took as much pains to see if the collar and bridle fitted comfortably, as if he had been John Manly over again. When the crupper was let out a hole or two, it all fitted well. There was no bearing rein—no curb—nothing but a plain ring snaffle. What a blessing that was!

[1877], Anna Sewell, “A London Cab Horse”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part III, page 158:

I sought among the mules one with a mild expression of generosity and gentleness in its eyes, and found it in a white mule with a crupper adorned with arabesques.

1882, Edmondo de Amicis, Morocco: Its People & Places, tr. C. Rollin-Tilton

A strap, looped under a horse's tail, used to stop a saddle from slipping.


dagga

en-noun

dagga (countable and uncountable, plural daggas)

South Africa

Borrowed from Afrikaans dagga, from Khoekhoe daxab.

He started to supplement them by smuggling dagga, and soon found it so profitable that he left the factory altogether.

1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 217:

A few basic points, Sir. First, no unnatural Activities. Second, no Opium, no Dagga, no Ardent Spirits, no Wine, and so on.

1997, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 7, in Mason & Dixon, 1st US edition, New York: Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN, part One: Latitudes and Departures, page 65:

(South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia) Indian hemp, Cannabis sativa subsp. indica, or a similar plant of the species Leonotis leonurus.


swimmer

From Middle English swimmere, equivalent to swim + -er. The dumplings are so called because they are often served in stew.


kif

From Moroccan Arabic كيف (kīf, “opiate”), from Arabic كَيْف (kayf, “joy”).

kaif (alternative)
keef (alternative)
kef (alternative)
kief (alternative)

The kief, which is the flower and seeds of the plant, is the strongest, and a pipe of it half the size of a common English tobacco-pipe, is sufficient to intoxicate.

1809, James Grey Jackson, chapter VIII, in An Account of the Empire of Marocco:

I perceived the odour of kif, and recognised the voices of Selam the Second, Abd-el-Rhaman, and others; it was an Arab orgie in full swing.

1882, Edmondo de Amicis, translated by C. Rollin-Tilton, Morocco: Its People & Places:

The trade goods – Persian rugs, salt, muskets, kif – trailed out behind them over the dunes, still lashed to the backs of rotting animals.

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 80:

[…]then hung around the special Silver-Key-Members’ Lounge with the other ladies[…]smoking kif and making extremely delicate and oblique fun of their husbands’ sexual idiosyncrasies, […]

1996, David Foster Wallace, Infinite Jest […], Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and Company, →ISBN, page 54:

‘Some taxi driver, a Maghrebian…he suddenly swerved. They smoke kief, you know.’

2000, JG Ballard, Super-Cannes, Fourth Estate, published 2011, page 52:

Kif melts the brain; dexemyl sharpens the edges. (Kif makes you drift—makes you forget what someone said a minute before–hard to follow a long story or joke, […])

2012, Susan Sontag, “9/5/65 Tangier, Tetouan”, in edited by David Rieff, As Consciousness Is Harnessed to Flesh, Farrar, Straus and Giroux:

A kind of cannabis smoked in Morocco and Algeria, for narcotic or intoxicating effect.

The state of relaxed stupor induced by cannabis.

The trichome of marijuana, a green powdery substance that falls from dry marijuana, high in THC and other cannabinoid compounds.


kif

en-adj

kif (comparative more kif, superlative most kif)

more kif (comparative)
most kif (superlative)
kaif (alternative)
keef (alternative)
kef (alternative)
kief (alternative)


ganja

en-noun

ganja (usually uncountable, plural ganjas)

ganjas (plural)
ganga (alternative)
gunja (alternative)
gunga (alternative)
gunjah (alternative)

→ Afrikaans: ganja

→ English: gunja

→ Tiwi: kanja

→ French: ganja

→ German: Ganja

→ Italian: gangia

→ Japanese: ガンジャ (ganja)

→ Portuguese: ganja

desc

→ Serbo-Croatian: га̑нџа, gȃndža, га̏нџа, gȁndža

→ Spanish: ganya

Borrowed from Hindi गांजा (gāñjā), ultimately from Sanskrit गञ्जा (gañjā, “hemp”). First use appears c. 1800.

It must be the ganja, it's the marijuana / That's creeping up on me, why I'm so high

2009, “Must Be the Ganja”, in Relapse, performed by Eminem:

(slang, especially India, Singapore, Caribbean) Marijuana, as used for smoking.


insangu

(South Africa) Any particular plant which is smoked as a recreational drug, especially (wild) hemp.


mavrodaphne

en-noun

mavrodaphne (usually uncountable, plural mavrodaphnes)

mavrodaphnes (plural)
mavrodafni (alternative)
Mavrodaphne (alternative)

From Greek μαυροδάφνη (mavrodáfni), from Medieval Greek μαῦρος (maûros, “dark”) + δάφνη (dáphnē, “laurel”) (see also Daphne).

He^([Gustav Clauss]) established vineyards in the area, using local grapes, especially the “black grape of Dafne,” mavrodaphne. He created the sweet style of mavrodaphne known today.

2012, Joel Butler, Randall Heskett, Divine Vintage: Following the Wine Trail from Genesis to the Modern Age, page 223:

A variety of grape native to Achaea, northern Peloponnese, Greece, from which the wine is made.


doobie

YO! Youse guys need to turn those frowns upside down, and I got just the thing for that… we call it… DOOBIE SNACKS!

2001, Kevin Smith, Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back, spoken by Jay (Jason Mewes):

In parts of the state, enjoying an occasional doobie is nowadays considered little different from sipping a Pinot Noir.

2010 October 14, “An altered state”, in The Economist:

[The] atmosphere […] was one part oxygen, four parts nitrogen, and seventeen parts doobie vapor.

2012 April 20, Dave Barry, Classic Dave Barry:


sour grapes

From Aesop's fable The Fox and the Grapes, in which a fox, unable to reach grapes it is seeking, convinces itself that they must have been unripe (therefore, sour) all along and so not worth trying for in the first place.

I think his comments about that new car are just sour grapes because he can't afford it.

Despite the egos of individual scientists, the jealousies and the sour grapes, science had worked pretty much the way it was supposed to.

2010, Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway, chapter 2, in Merchants of Doubt:

His absence was a grievous setback for Liverpool, who had looked the more dangerous team until that point, and it would not be sour grapes for the losers to think that was the moment the game started to swing away from them.

2018 May 26, Daniel Taylor, “Liverpool go through after Mohamed Salah stops Manchester City fightback”, in The Guardian (London):

(idiomatic) A putting down or expression of disdain about something that one desires but cannot have.

sure rønnebær

expression of disdain for something one cannot have


pincers

From Middle English pynsours, from Old French pinceure, pinchure, from pincier (“to pinch”).

Milk formed their chief diet, and this they were supposed to imbibe from the witch herself, from a third "teat" which had been made beneath the arm by a nip from the Devil's pincers.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 107:

A gripping tool, pivoted like a pair of scissors, but with blunt jaws.


brock

From Middle English brok, from Old English broc (“badger”), related to Danish brok (“badger”); both probably originally from a Celtic source akin to Irish broc, Welsh broch, Cornish brogh and thus ultimately from Proto-Celtic *brokkos.

Or with pretence of chasing thence the brock,
Send in a cur to worry the whole flock.

1756 [1704], Ben Jonson, “The Tale of a Tub”, in Peter Whalley, editor, The Works of Ben Jonson, page 108:


stum

stum (countable and uncountable, plural stums)

From Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”). Compare French vin muet, German stummer Wein. Doublet of shtum.

bor

Drink ev'ry letter on't in stum,
And make it brisk champaign become.

1664, Samuel Butler, Hudibras; with notes by T. R. Nash, volume 1, published 1835, Part II, Canto 1, page 265:

To each hogshead of genuine Bordeaux wine, there are four gallons of Benicarlo, half a gallon of stum wine, and a small quantity of Hermitage added, which mixture undergoes a slight fermentation, and is then exported under the name of claret.

1859, The family manual and servants' guide, 9th edition:

But stum wine was not intended for drinking.

1987, André Bustanoby, The Wrath of Grapes: Drinking and the Church Divided, →ISBN, page 36:

(obsolete) Wine revived by new fermentation, resulting from the admixture of must.


roaring

en-noun

roaring (countable and uncountable, plural roarings)

An affection of the windpipe of a horse, causing a loud, peculiar noise in breathing under exertion.


frenulum

frenula (plural)
frenulums (plural)
fraenulum (alternative)
frænulum (alternative)

Borrowed from New Latin frēnulum, diminutive of frēnum (“a bridle, curb, bit”).

(entomology, zootomy) A bristle or row of bristles on the edge of the hindwings of some lepidoptera which unites the wings by interlocking with a catch on the posterior part of the forewings.


horsefeathers

The "nonsense" sense, a euphemism for horseshit, is horse + feathers, a nonexistent item as only birds have feathers. Compare hen’s teeth.
The "horse hair" sense notes the similarity of that hair to bird feathers.
Regarding the roofing sense, compare feathering strip and horsefeathers.

The exterior of the court is entirely of sheathing and wood shingles applied over "horsefeathers."

1940, New York lumber trade journal, volumes 108-9, page 26:

In summary, the record establishes that to produce horsefeathers one starts by sawing a log (longitudinally) into boards or planks, which are then likewise center resawn (longitudinally); that the original boards, as well as the center resawn boards, have at least two approximately parallel longitudinal sawed surfaces; that the resawn boards are simply resawn again longitudinally at an angle or bevel to produce horsefeathers; and that the only other sawing required is the crosscutting of the boards to length.

1968 United States Customs Court, First Division, A. N. DERINGER, INC. v. UNITED STATES 287 F.Supp. 1016 (1968) August 8, 1968

Feathering strips, called horsefeathers, can be used to level cedar-shingle roof before reroofing with asphalt shingles

1978 April, Joseph R. Provey, “How to reroof your house like a pro”, in Popular Mechanics, page 160:

To install shakes or shingles over beveled siding, fill in the low points of the existing wall with lumber or plywood strips (called horse feathers).

2005, Daniel Benn Atcheson, Roofing Construction and Estimating, Craftsman Book Company, page 192: