bear

en-noun

bear (countable and uncountable, plural bears)

Belizean Creole: byaa

→ Hawaiian: pea

→ Irish: béar

→ Maori: pea

→ Niuean: pea

→ Tahitian: pea

→ Tokelauan: pea

→ Wallisian: pea

→ Xhosa: ibhere

From Middle English bere, from Old English bera, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô (compare West Frisian bear, Dutch beer, German Bär, Danish bjørn).
etymology notes
This is generally taken to be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“shining, brown”) (compare Tocharian A parno, Tocharian B perne (“radiant, luminous”), Lithuanian bė́ras (“brown”)), related to brown, bruin, and beaver.
On this theory, the Germanic languages replaced the older name of the bear, *h₂ŕ̥tḱos, with the epithet "brown one", presumably due to taboo avoidance; compare Russian медве́дь (medvédʹ, “bear”, literally “honey-eater”).
However, Ringe (2006:106) doubts the existence of a root *bʰer- meaning "brown" ("an actual PIE word of [the requisite] shape and meaning is not recoverable") and suggests that a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer- (“wild animal”) "should therefore perhaps be preferred", implying a Germanic merger of *ǵʰw and *gʷʰ (*gʷʰ may sometimes result in Germanic *b, perhaps e.g. in *bidjaną, but it also seems to have given the g in gun and the w in warm).

der

don't sell the skin till you have caught the bear

sometimes you eat the bear and sometimes the bear eats you

By the time we got into Tulsa Town
We had eighty-five trucks in all
But there's a roadblock up on the cloverleaf
And them bears was wall-to-wall.
Yeah, them smokies is thick as bugs on a bumper
They even had a bear in the air.
I says, "Callin' all trucks, this here's the Duck.
We about to go a-huntin' bear."

1975, “Convoy”, in C.W. McCall, Chip Davis (lyrics), Black Bear Road, performed by C. W. McCall:

'The bear's pulling somebody off there at 74,' reported someone else.

1976 June, CB Magazine, Oklahoma City: Communications Publication Corporation, June 40/3:

He was listening for reports of Kojaks with Kodaks, or bear sightings (cop alerts) at his front door (ahead of him), especially plain wrappers (unmarked police cars) parked at specific yardsticks (mile-markers) taking pictures […]

2015, Matt Cashion, Last Words of the Holy Ghost, page 85:

(CB radio, slang, US) A state policeman (short for Smokey Bear).


human

en-adj

human (comparative more human, superlative most human)

more human (comparative)
most human (superlative)

From Late Middle English humayne, humain, from Middle French humain, from Old French humain, umain, from Latin hūmānus m (“of or belonging to a man, human, humane”, adjective), from homo, with unclear ū. Spelling human has been predominant since the early 18th century. Not etymologically related to man.

der

hope springs eternal in the human breast

human seminal plasma protein hypersensitivity

Some powers diuine, or els infernall, mixt / Their angry ſeedes at his conception: / For he was neuer ſprong of humaine race, / Since with the ſpirit of his fearefull pride, / He dares so doubtleſly reſolue of rule.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene vi:

[N]o attempt is made to call in God to their reſcue, as if he vvere an idle unconcern'd ſpectator of humane affairs, or ſo inconſiderable an ally, as not to be vvorth the care of engaging him on their ſide.

1660, [Richard Allestree], “Sect[ion] V. Of the Second Advantage, Wealth.”, in The Gentlemans Calling, London: […] T[imothy] Garthwait […], →OCLC, page 83:

Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.

2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:

(not comparable) Of or belonging to the species Homo sapiens or its closest relatives.

mens

of or belonging to the species Homo sapiens


human

чолові́к m (čolovík) (now usually means "man", "male human")

Greetings. I am Blor-Utar from Zimtok-5. I have come to subjugate the human race. Do not resist. Why humans? Because, in addition to their value as slave labor, they are also delicious and nutritious!

1994 March 29, Bill Watterson, Calvin & Hobbes:

(strictly, biology) The tallest, most abundant and most intelligent of the primates; Homo sapiens.

(fantasy, science fiction, mythology) A human as contrasted from superficially similar but typically more powerful humanoid creatures; a member of the human race.

Greetings, human! You have stumbled into the dimension of the Snow People.[…]Flesh plows clear the streets to make them safe to drive.[…]Does this shock you, human? Do the ways of our world open your eyes to the truths of your own?

2011 December 29, Alex Culang, Raynato Castro, Buttersafe (webcomic):

(fantasy, science fiction) A term of address for any human, often implying the listener's species is their only noteworthy trait.

Humans share common ancestors with other apes.

Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola.

2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:

If I ever have to choose between a future where killer robots hunt humans or a future where bacon supplies have run out ... Let's just say you better start running.

2013 April 18, Rock Paper Cynic (webcomic):

(loosely) Any hominid of the genus Homo.


break

From Middle English breken, from Old English brecan (“to break”), from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną (“to break”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg- (“to break”). The word is a doublet of bray.
Cognates
Cognates of Germanic origin include Scots brek (“to break”), West Frisian brekke (“to break”), Dutch breken (“to break”), Low German breken (“to break”), German brechen (“to break”), French broyer (“to crush, grind”), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (brikan, “to break, destroy”), Norwegian brek (“desire, yearning”).
Also cognate with Albanian brishtë (“fragile”), Latin frangō (“break, break up, shatter”, verb), whence English fracture and other terms – fragile, frail, fraction, and fragment.

cog

Cigar was distracted at the break and let his five opponents get the jump.

1999, Jay Hovdey, Cigar: America's Horse, page 63:

Perhaps it stumbles to its knees at the break, effectively losing the race at the outset.

2010, John Alexander, Exotic Wagering the Winning Way, page 60:

(horse racing) The start of a horse race.


fire

en-verb

fire (third-person singular simple present fires, present participle firing, simple past and past participle fired)

fires (present singular third-person)
firing (participle present)
fired (participle past)
fired (past)
fire (infinitive)

From Middle English firen, fyren, furen, from Old English fȳrian (“to make a fire”), from the noun (see above). Cognate with Old Frisian fioria (“to light a fire”), Saterland Frisian fjuurje (“to fire”), Middle Dutch vûren, vueren, vieren (“to set fire”), Dutch vuren (“to fire, shoot”), Old High German fiuren (“to ignite, set on fire”), German feuern (“to fire”).

udløse

computer sciences, software engineering: to initiate an event


drove

From Middle English drove, drof, draf, from Old English drāf (“action of driving; a driving out, expulsion; drove, herd, band; company, band; road along which cattle are driven”), from Proto-Germanic *draibō (“a drive, push, movement, drove”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”). Cognate with Scots drave, dreef (“drove, crowd”), Dutch dreef (“a walkway, wide road with trees, drove”), Middle High German treip (“a drove”), Swedish drev (“a drive, drove”), Icelandic dreif (“a scattering, distribution”). More at drive.

cog

used in some regions of the US, particularly the Midwest

in droves

(figuratively, by extension, usually in the plural) A large number of people on the move.

A road or track along which cattle are habitually, used to be or coil be driven; a droveway.

karjapolku

road or track along which cattle are habitually driven — see also droveway


drove

en-verb

drove (third-person singular simple present droves, present participle droving, simple past and past participle droved)

droves (present singular third-person)
droving (participle present)
droved (participle past)
droved (past)

From earlier drave, from Middle English drave, draf, from Old English drāf, first and third person singular indicative preterite of drīfan (“to drive”).

He's droving now with Conroy's sheep along the Castlereagh.

1890, Banjo Paterson, The Man from Snowy River:

To herd cattle; particularly over a long distance.

transumare

to herd cattle, to move cattle over a long distance


bull

en-noun

bull (countable and uncountable, plural bulls)

bear

investor who sells in anticipation of a fall in prices

From Middle English bole, bul, bule, from a conflation of Old English bula (“bull, steer”) and Old Norse boli, both from Proto-Germanic *bulô (“bull”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰl̥no-, from *bʰel- (“to blow, swell up”). Cognate with West Frisian bolle, Dutch bul, German Low German Bull, German Bulle, Swedish bulla; also Old Irish ball (“limb”), Latin follis (“bellows, leather bag”), Thracian βόλινθος (“wild bull”), Macedonian вол (vol, "ox"), Slovene vol ("ox"), Albanian buall (“buffalo”) or related bolle (“testicles”), Ancient Greek φαλλός (phallós, “penis”).

rozzer. See also Thesaurus:police officer

An adult male of certain large mammals, such as whales, elephants, camels and seals.


bull

From Middle English bulle, from Old French bulle, from Latin bulla, from Gaulish. Doublet of bull (“bubble”) and bulla.

A papal bull, an official document or edict from the Pope.


sheep

sheep (countable and uncountable, plural sheep or (nonstandard, humorous or childish) sheeps)

sheep (plural)
sheeps (childish humorous nonstandard plural)

desctree

Tok Pisin: sipsip (reduplication)
→ Rotokas: sipisipi

→ Abenaki: azib (from "a sheep")

→ Chuukese: siip

→ Coeur d'Alene: sip

→ Quiripi: sheeps

Inherited from Middle English schep, schepe, from Anglian Old English sċēp (West Saxon sċēap), from Proto-West Germanic *skāp, from Proto-Germanic *skēpą , of unknown origin.
Perhaps from the same Scythian word (compare Ossetian цӕу (cæw, “goat”), Persian چپش (čapiš, “yearling goat”)) which was borrowed into Albanian as cjap, sqap (“buck”) and into Slavic (compare Polish cap). After Kroonen, *skēpą is instead from the root of Proto-Germanic *skabaną (“to scratch”) via Kluge's law.
See also West Frisian skiep, North Frisian schäip, Dutch schaap, German Schaf), beside Proto-Germanic *keppô (compare Old Norse kjappi (“buck”), dialectal German Kippe (“newborn calf”)).

don't teach your grandmother to steal sheep

one may as well hang for a sheep as a lamb

(countable) A woolly ruminant of the genus Ovis.

(countable, strictly) A member of the domestic species Ovis aries, the most well-known species of Ovis.

(countable) A timid, shy person who is easily led by others.


why

From Middle English why, from Old English hwȳ (“why”), from Proto-Germanic *hwī (“by what, how”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷey, instrumental case of *kʷis (“who”), *kʷid (“what”).
Cognate with Old Saxon hwī (“why”), hwiu (“how; why”), Middle High German wiu (“how, why”), archaic Danish and Norwegian Bokmål hvi (“why”), Norwegian Nynorsk kvi (“why”), Swedish vi (“why”), Faroese and Icelandic hví (“why”), Latin quī (“why”), Doric Greek πεῖ (peî, “where”), Ukrainian чи (čy, “if”), Polish czy, Czech či (“or”), Serbo-Croatian či (“if”). Compare Old English þȳ (“because, since, on that account, therefore, then”, literally “by that, for that”). See thy.

cog

Why is the sky blue?

Why did you do that?

I don’t know why he did that

Tell me why the moon changes phase.

Why do you have a map of the world?
Audio (US): (file)

2016, VOA Learning English (public domain)

(interrogative) For what cause, reason, or purpose.

For what cause, reason, or purpose.
Introducing a complete question.

Why don't you ask her out for dinner?

With a negative, used rhetorically to make a suggestion.

Why spend money on something you already get for free?

Why not tell him how you feel?

Introducing a verb phrase (bare infinitive clause).

Why him? Why not someone taller?

For what cause, reason, or purpose.
Introducing a noun or other phrase.


why

whys (plural)
why's (plural)
whies (plural)

A good article will cover the who, the what, the when, the where, the why and the how.

Within months of leaving, she became the new owner of Dream Body Recovery in Miami, which has three rooms that can accommodate up to six clients. “Being a part of this journey with other ladies, knowing how it changed my life, that’s my why,” she told me.

2022 May 11, Sandra E. Garcia, “Butt Lifts Are Booming. Healing Is No Joke.”, in The New York Times Magazine:


weight

en-verb

weight (third-person singular simple present weights, present participle weighting, simple past and past participle weighted)

weights (present singular third-person)
weighting (participle present)
weighted (participle past)
weighted (past)

From Middle English weight, weiȝte, weght, wight, from Old English wiht, ġewiht (“weight”), from Proto-Germanic *wihtiz ("weight"; compare *weganą (“to move”)), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵʰ- (“to move; pull; draw; drive”). Equivalent to weigh + -th.
Cognate with Scots wecht, weicht (“weight”), Saterland Frisian Wächte (“scale”), Gewicht (“weight”), West Frisian gewicht (“weight”), Dutch gewicht (“weight”), German Low German Wicht, Gewicht (“weight”), German Wucht (“massiveness, force”), Gewicht (“weight”).

gloss

"weight"; compare <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*weganą</i> (“to move”)

inh

(transitive, horse racing) To handicap a horse with a specified weight.


whistler

From Middle English whisteler, whistlar, whystelare, from Old English hwistlere (“a player on a flute; a piper”), equivalent to whistle + -er.

Any of several passerine birds of the genera Pachycephala and Coracornis, of Australasia and the western Pacific.

A goldeneye (any of certain ducks of genus Bucephala).


chalk

en-noun

chalk (countable and uncountable, plural chalks)

→ Hindi: चाक (cāk)

→ Japanese: チャコ (chako), チョーク (chōku)

→ Nepali: चक (cak)

→ Swahili: chaki

→ Swazi: íshóki

→ Thai: ชอล์ก (chɔ́k)

→ Tsonga: choko

→ Tulu: ಚಾಕ್ (cākŭ)

→ Yoruba: ṣọ́ọ̀kì

From Middle English chalk, chalke, from Old English ċealc, from Proto-West Germanic *kalk, borrowed from Latin calx (“limestone”), again borrowed from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix, “pebble”). Doublet of calx and cauk.

(US, sports, chiefly basketball, horse racing) The favorite in a sporting event.


overlay

/ˈəʊ.vəˌleɪ/

From Middle English overleyen, from Old English oferleċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *obarlaggjan, from Proto-Germanic *uberlagjaną, equivalent to over- + lay. Cognate with Saterland Frisian uurläze, úurlääse, Dutch overleggen, German Low German overleggen, överleggen, German überlegen, Swedish överlägga, Norwegian overlegge. Compare overlie.

(horse racing) A horse going off at higher odds than it appears to warrant, based on its past performances.


stick

stick (countable and uncountable, plural sticks)

→ Catalan: estic

→ Italian: stick

→ Korean: 스틱 (seutik)

→ Portuguese: stique, estique

→ Sranan Tongo: tiki

From Middle English stikke (“stick, rod, twig”), from Old English sticca (“rod, twig”), from Proto-West Germanic *stikkō, from Proto-Germanic *stikkô, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Stikke (“stick”), West Flemish stik (“stick”). Related to stigma.

der

better than a poke in the eye with a burnt stick

better than a poke in the eye with a sharp stick

better than a poke in the eye with a shitty stick

it is easy to find a stick to beat a dog

(horse racing) The short whip carried by a jockey.

A stick-like item:
The short whip carried by a jockey.


swell

en-noun

swell (countable and uncountable, plural swells)

From Middle English swelle, from the verb swellen (modern swell).

kivimbe

music: device for controlling the volume of a pipe organ

The front brow of a saddle bow, connected in the tree by the two saddle bars to the cantle on the other end.


ball

ball (countable and uncountable, plural balls)

→ Cantonese: 波 (bo¹)

→ Japanese: ボール (bōru)

→ Makah: ba·la

→ Yoruba: bọ́ọ̀lù

From Middle English bal, ball, balle, from an unattested Old English *beall, *bealla (“round object, ball”) or Old Norse bǫllr (“a ball”), both from Proto-Germanic *balluz, *ballô (“ball”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰol-n- (“ball, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to blow, inflate, swell”). Cognate with Old Saxon ball, Dutch bal, Old High German bal, ballo (German Ball (“ball”); Ballen (“bale”)). Related forms in Romance are borrowings from Germanic. See also balloon, bale.

ампыл

object, generally spherical, used for playing games

туп

ballistics: a solid nonexplosive missile

cold enough to freeze the balls off a brass monkey

The laxative alterative has not this advantage, the aloes, of which it is composed, being extremely bitter, and therefore requiring to be given in the form of a ball.

1842, James White, A compendium of the veterinary art:

(farriery, historical) A large pill, a form in which medicine was given to horses; a bolus.


goat

en-noun

goat (countable and uncountable, plural goats)

→ Abenaki: kots (from "goats")

→ Marshallese: koot

→ Rotokas: goti

→ Tongan: koti, kosi

desctree

→ Samoan: ʻoti
→ Rotuman: ʻoti
→ Tokelauan: oti

From Middle English goot, got, gat, from Old English gāt, from Proto-West Germanic *gait, from Proto-Germanic *gaits, from a substrate language.
The sense of lecherous man derives from the slang expression "horny as a goat".

(acronym) Alternative letter-case form of GOAT (“Greatest of All Time”)


flat

From Middle English flat, a borrowing from Old Norse flatr (compare Norwegian and Swedish flat, Danish flad), from Proto-Germanic *flataz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat”); akin to Saterland Frisian flot (“smooth”), German Flöz (“a geological layer”), Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), Latvian plats, Sanskrit प्रथस् (prathas, “extension”). Doublet of plat and pleyt.
The noun is from Middle English flat (“level piece of ground, flat edge of a weapon”), from the adjective.
The algebraic sense was coined by Serre in a 1956 paper, originally as French plat.

inh

This horse will do better over the flat.

flat racing, the flat season

In light of Horse Racing Ireland's Covid-19 contingency plan announcement, that whenever racing resumes the Flat will be given priority, Elliott has decided to keep a number of talented jumpers on the go during the summer, with a view towards a dual-purpose campaign.

2020, Brian Sheerin, Racing Post, "Gordon Elliott maps out summer Flat campaigns for talented jumpers" (article) https://www.racingpost.com/news/gordon-elliott-maps-out-summer-flat-campaigns-for-talented-jumpers/431475

2021 (retrieved), racing365.com, "Flat Racing Explained" https://racing365.com/flat-racing-explained/
In British horse racing, the classics are a series of horse races run over the flat (i.e. without jumps).

An area of level ground (sometimes covered with shallow or tidal water).

(horse racing, with 'the' or attributively, sometimes with capital) Level horse-racing ground, as contrasted with courses incorporating jumps, or the racing done on such ground.

As forecast, Joe suspected nothing as he pottered round the flat in the sunshine, absorbed in the task of picking winners.

1963, George Blaikie, Scandals of Australia's Strange Past, Adelaide: Rigby Limited, page 117:

(Australia, horse racing, with 'the' or attributively, sometimes with capital) the area in the centre of a racecourse.


tit

From Middle English tit, titte, tette, from Old English tit, titt, from Proto-West Germanic *titt, from Proto-Germanic *tittaz (“teat; nipple; breast”), of expressive origin.
Perhaps related to an original meaning “to suck”; compare Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-y-. Doublet of teat, which was borrowed from Old French.
Cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Tit, Dutch tiet, dialectal Dutch tet, German Zitze, Titte, Hunsrik Ditz, Yiddish ציצע (tsitse).

onomatopoeic

expressive

I have enjoyed taking to my writing bureau and writing about poverty, benefit reform and the coalition government in the manner of a shit Dickens, or Orwell, but with tits.

2012, Caitlin Moran, Moranthology, Ebury Press, published 2012, page 13:

Sanch tossed his head back, threw open his shirt, cupped his beanbag-shaped male breasts and jiggled them at us. Ford and I were laughing but Kat said, "I think they're the most beautiful tits."

Sun readers don't care who runs the country as long as she's got big tits.

1987, “A Conflict of Interest”, in Antony Jay, Jonathan Lynn, directors, Yes, Prime Minister, season 2, episode 4, spoken by Bernard Woolley (Derek Fowlds), BBC2:

(slang, vulgar, chiefly in the plural) A person's breast or nipple.

Look at that tit driving on the wrong side of the road!

I know a lot of tits, Guv'nor. But I don't know any quite as fucking stupid as these two.

2000, Guy Ritchie, Snatch (motion picture), spoken by Errol (Andy Beckwith):

“What did you say to the cops?”
“I told them everything about the smuggling ring.”
“Why the fuck did you do that?”
“They were nice to me.”
“They’re always nice to people they want to get information from, you dumb tit.”

2002, Dick Plamondon, Have You Ever Been Screwed, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 234:

John Watson (to Sherlock Holmes): It's Lestrade. Says they're all coming over here right now. Queuing up to slap on the handcuffs, every single officer you ever made feel like a tit. Which is a lot of people.

2012 January 15, Stephen Thompson, "The Reichenbach Fall", episode 2-3 of Sherlock, 00:52:46-00:52:55

“I asked Nandor and Colin Robinson to come with me on the first day because I didn't want the class to look too empty. But now I cannot get those two tits to leave.”

2023 August 17, Jeremy Levick & Rajat Suresh, “Hybrid Creatures” (5:12 from the start), in What We Do in the Shadows, season 5, episode 7, spoken by Nadja of Antipaxos (Natasia Demetriou):

(UK, Ireland, derogatory, slang) An idiot; a fool.

(UK, Ireland, slang, derogatory) A police officer; a "tithead".


tit

Probably of North Germanic/Scandinavian origin; found earliest in titling and titmouse; compare Faroese títlingur, dialectal Norwegian titling (“small stockfish”).
Wikispecies

A chickadee; a small passerine bird of the genus Parus or the family Paridae, common in the Northern Hemisphere.

Any of various other small passerine birds.


vole

Borrowed from Norn vollj, from Old Norse vǫllr (“field”), from Proto-Germanic *walþuz (“forest”). The Orkney dialectal term vole mouse, lit. “field mouse”, was introduced to general English by George Barry in 1805; John Fleming in 1828 was first to refer to the creature by the epithet vole alone. Displaced earlier names for these species which also classified them as mice, e.g. short-tailed field mouse.

Any of a large number of species of small rodents of the subfamily Arvicolinae of the family Cricetidae which are not lemmings or muskrats.

hryzec

(every genus from Arvicolinae has got its specific Czech name); genus Arvicola


American bison

en-noun

American bison (plural American bison or American bisons)

American bison (plural)
American bisons (plural)

/əˈmɛɹɪkən ˈbaɪ̯sən/

In the year 1521, when Cortez reached Anahuac, the American bison was seen for the first time by civilized Europeans, if we may be permitted to thus characterize the horde of blood thirsty plunder seekers who fought their way to the Aztec capital.

1889, William T. Hornaday, The Extermination of the American Bison:

A bovine mammal, a species of bison, Bison bison.


European bison

European bison (plural European bison or European bisons)

European bison (plural)
European bisons (plural)

Bison bonasus
Bison bonasus#Translingual

The wisent, species Bison bonasus, Europe's heaviest land animal.


wisent

Borrowed from German Wisent. Doublet of bison.

bovine

a cloven-hoofed ruminant mammal of the subfamily Bovinae, cattle

Caucasian wisent

subspecies only surviving as a hybrid, Bison bonasus caucasicus


buffalo

buffalo (plural buffaloes or buffalos or buffalo)

buffaloes (plural)
buffalos (plural)
buffalo (plural)

Borrowed from Portuguese or Spanish búfalo (“buffalo”), from Late Latin būfalus, from Latin būbalus, from Ancient Greek βούβαλος (boúbalos, “antelope, wild ox”). Doublet of bubale and buffle.

der

(slang, US, historical) A looter during the Civil War.


cattle

en-noun

cattle pl (normally plural, singular cattle)

From Middle English catel, from Anglo-Norman catel (“personal property”), from Old Northern French (compare French cheptel, Old French chetel, chatel, also English chattel) from Medieval Latin capitāle, from Latin capitālis (“of the head”) (whence also capital, from caput (“head”) + -alis (“-al”)). For the sense evolution, compare pecuniary and fee. Also compare Russian поголо́вье (pogolóvʹje, “total number of livestock”) from Russian голова́ (golová, “head”). Doublet of capital and chattel.

m+

Do you want to raise cattle?

Domesticated animals of the species Bos taurus (cows, bulls, steers, oxen etc).


camel

→ Coeur d'Alene: keemel

→ Eastern Arrernte: kamule

→ Tsonga: kamela

From Middle English camel, through Old English camel and Old Northern French camel (Old French chamel, modern French chameau), from Latin camēlus, from Ancient Greek κάμηλος (kámēlos), from a Semitic source, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *gamal-; compare Arabic جَمَل (jamal), Hebrew גמל (gamál), Aramaic ܓܡܠܐ (gamlā), Coptic ϭⲁⲙⲟⲩⲗ (camoul). As a marine device, from Dutch. As an ethnic slur, short for camelfucker, camel jockey, etc.

a camel is a horse designed by a committee

it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God

(ethnic slur) A person of Middle Eastern origin.


dromedary

→ Welsh: dromedari

/ˈdɹɒmɪdəɹi/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-dromedary.wav

/ˈdɹɑməˌdɛɹi/

From Middle English dromedari, dromedarie (“dromedary; any camel”) [and other forms], from Old French dromedaire, from Late Latin dromedārius (“kind of camel”), from Latin *dromadārius, from dromas, dromadis (“dromedary”) + -ārius (suffix forming nouns denoting agents of use). Dromas and dromadis are derived from Ancient Greek δρομᾰ́ς (dromắs, “running; dromedary”), an ellipsis of δρομὰς κάμηλος (dromàs kámēlos, “running camel”), from δρόμος (drómos, “race, running; race course, track”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *drem- (“to run”).

nb...

dromadary, dromadayr, drombodary, dromendari, dromidare, dromidarie, dromider, dromodari, dromodarie, dromodarye, dromondari, dromondarie, dromondary, dromounday, dromydary, dromyder, drowmondere

der

The duke in his schelde and dreches no lengere, / Drawes hym a dromedarie, with dredfulle knyghtez; [...]

[c. 1400, Edmund Brock, editor, Morte Arthure, or The Death of Arthur: Edited from Robert Thornton’s MS. […], new edition (in Middle English), London: Published for the Early English Text Society, by N[icholas] Trübner & Co., […], published 1871, page 87, lines 2940–2941:

The Dromedarie, Camell, Horſe, and Aſſe, / For loade and carriage doth a Sheepe ſurpaſſe: [...]

1630, John Taylor, “Taylors Pastorall, being Both Historicall and Satyricall. […]”, in All the Workes of Iohn Taylor the Water-poet. […], London: […] Iames Boler; […], →OCLC, page 52; republished in The Works of John Taylor the Water Poet […] (Publications of the Spenser Society; no. 2), [Manchester]: […] Spenser Society, 1868, →OCLC, page 536, column 2:

[T]he Dromedarie [...] who is marvellous ſwift, and will run an hundred miles in a day; but the Germanes call a dull and ſlow man a Dromedary, [...]

1650, Edward Leigh, “Δρόμος [Drómos]”, in Critica Sacra in Two Parts: The First Containing Observations on All the Radices, or Primitive Hebrevv Words of the Old Testament, in Order Alphabetical. […] The Second Philologicall and Theologicall Observations upon All the Greek Words of the New Testament, in Order Alphabetical. […], 3rd edition, London: […] Thomas Underhill […], →OCLC, page 74, column 2:

I went to see a Dromedarie, a very monstrous beaste, much like the Camel but larger.

1651 February 3 (Gregorian calendar), John Evelyn, “[Diary entry for 24 January 1651]”, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn, […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: Henry Colburn, […]; and sold by John and Arthur Arch, […], published 1819, →OCLC, page 249:

Oh, thou Dromedary, thou Founder'd Mule, without a Pack-ſaddle; or what other foul Beaſt ſhall I call thee, for Man thou art not, nor haſt not been to me, Heaven knows the time when? Art not thou aſham'd to ſee me, thou Nincompoop?

1694, [Thomas] d’Urfey, The Comical History of Don Quixote. […], part I, London: […] Samuel Briscoe, […], →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, page 6:

Here we alighted, drank ourſelves, and gave our dromedaries to drink as much as they would; then we filled all our veſſels, made on purpoſe for carriage, and took in a much greater proportion of water than we had done proviſions.

1765, [Simon Berington], The Adventures of Sig. Gaudentio di Lucca. […], Glasgow: […] James Knox, […], →OCLC, page 66:

[T]he camel has two bunches upon his back, whereas the dromedary has but one; the latter alſo, is neither ſo large, nor ſo ſtrong, as the camel. Theſe two races, however, produce with each other, and the mixed breed formed between them is conſidered the beſt, the moſt patient, and the moſt indefatigable of all the kind.

1791, Oliver Goldsmith, “The Camel, and the Dromedary”, in An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature. […], new edition, volume IV, London: […] F[rancis] Wingrave, successor to Mr. [John] Nourse, […], →OCLC, page 280:

Camelus dromedarius
Camelus dromedarius#Translingual

The single-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).

جَمَل عَرَبِيّ m (jamal ʕarabiyy, literally “Arabian camel”)

[T]hou art like a ſwift dromedarie, that runneth by his wayes.

1560, [William Whittingham et al., transl.], The Bible and Holy Scriptures Conteyned in the Olde and Newe Testament. […] (the Geneva Bible), Geneva: […] Rouland Hall, →OCLC, Ieremiáh II:23, folio 306, verso:

Thou art like a swift dromedary, that runs in his ways.

The untreated cases have been arranged in three groups according to the clinical course. The first group, called the dromedary group, shows the curious phenomenon of two different periods of illness with an interval of well-being. […] Because of the two distinct groups or humps of symptoms, the analogy to the arrangement of the dromedary’s back was taken to express the type figuratively.

1917 April 21, George Draper, “Acute Poliomyelitis: Early Diagnosis and Serum Therapy”, in The Journal of the American Medical Association, volume 68, number 16, Chicago, Ill., →DOI, page 1153:

central nervous system
central nervous system#English

(medicine, dated, attributively) Referring to a biphasic clinical course of poliomyelitis, typically occurring in children, characterized by a minor illness, followed by an asymptomatic period of several days before the onset of a major illness involving the central nervous system.


ibex

ibex (plural)
ibexes (plural)
ibices (plural)

From Latin ībex (“chamois”), possibly from Iberian or Aquitanian; akin to Old Spanish bezerro (“bull”) (modern becerro (“yearling”)).

A type of wild mountain goat of the genus Capra, such as the species Capra ibex.


roe deer

From Middle English ro der, roadeor, from Old English rāhdēor (“roe deer”), corresponding to roe + deer. Cognate with Icelandic rádýr, Swedish rådjur, Norwegian and Danish rådyr.

Frightened by the noises approaching them from the rear, and apprehensive of the human silence ahead, the five roe deer were halted, their heads high in nervous alertness.

1955, Robin Jenkins, The Cone-Gatherers, Canongate, published 2012, page 84:

Capreolus capreolus
Capreolus capreolus#Translingual

A small, nimble Eurasian deer with no visible tail, a white rump patch, and a reddish summer coat that turns grey in winter, the male having short three-pointed antlers (Capreolus capreolus and Capreolus pygargus).

kaproll

Capreolus capreolus or Capreoles pygargus


beaver

en-noun

beaver (countable and uncountable, plural beavers or (senses 1 and 4) beaver)

From Middle English bever, from Old English befer, from Proto-West Germanic *bebru, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus (“beaver”).
Cognate with West Frisian bever, Dutch bever, French bièvre, German Biber, dialectal Swedish bjur. Non-Germanic cognates include Welsh befer, Latin fiber, Lithuanian bẽbras, Russian бобр (bobr), Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬭𐬀 (bauura), and Sanskrit बभ्रु (bábhru, “mongoose; ichneumon”).

cog

Then, for the safeguard of his personage,
He did appoint a warlike equipage
Of foreign beasts, not in the forest bred,
But part by land and part by water fed;
For tyranny is with strange aid supported.
Then unto him all monstrous beasts resorted
Bred of two kinds, as Griffons, Minotaurs,
Crocodiles, Dragons, Beavers, and Centaurs:
With those himself he strengthened mightily,
That fear he need no force of enemy.

1591, Edmund Spenser, “Prosopopoia; or, Mother Hubberd’s Tale”, in Edmund Spenser, edited by Charles Cowden Clarke, The Poetical Works of Edmund Spenser, Edinburgh: William P. Nimmo, published 1868, page 112, lines 1117–1126:

(countable) A semiaquatic rodent of the genus Castor within the family Castoridae, having a wide, flat tail and webbed feet.


beaver

en-noun

beaver (countable and uncountable, plural beavers)

(uncountable, historical) A game, in which points are scored by spotting beards.


fallow deer

/ˈfæl.əʊˌdɪə/

Derived from the deer's pale brown color, fallow.

A ruminant mammal (Dama dama) belonging to the family Cervidae.


donkey

donkey (plural donkeys or (obsolete) donkies)

donkeys (plural)
donkies (obsolete plural)

→ Afrikaans: donkie

→ Northern Sotho: tonki

→ Tok Pisin: donki

desc

→ Urdu: ڈَنْکی (ḍaṅkī)

→ Urdu: ڈَنْکی (ḍaṅkī)

The origin is uncertain. Originally a slang term from the late eighteenth century. Perhaps from Middle English *donekie (“a miniature dun horse”), a double diminutive of Middle English don, dun, dunne (a name for a dun horse), equivalent to modern English dun (“brownish grey colour”) + -ock (diminutive suffix) + -ie (diminutive suffix). Compare Middle English donning (“a dun horse”), English dunnock. Became more common than the original term ass due to the latter's homophony and partial merger with arse (compare similar development between coney and rabbit).


hedgehog

/ˈhɛd͡ʒ.hɒɡ/

/ˈhɛd͡ʒ.hɔɡ/

From Middle English heyghoge; equivalent to hedge + hog. Eclipsed non-native Middle English yrchoun, irchoun (“hedgehog”), from Old French hirchoun, herichon (“hedgehog”); and Middle English il, from Old English īl, iġil (“hedgehog”).

(informal, military, historical) A spigot mortar-type of depth charge weapon from World War II that simultaneously fires a number of explosives into the water to create a pattern of underwater explosions intended to attack submerged submarines.


wildcat

From Middle English wyld cat, wylde cat (in the plural as wild cattes, wylde catis, wyle cattes), equivalent to wild + cat. Cognate with Middle Low German wiltkatte, German Wildkatze, Swedish vildkatt.
Its adjectival senses were originally American and derived from the "wildcat banks" of Michigan, following its elevation to statehood in 1837. Two laws—one easing the requirements for establishing a new bank and another occasioned by the Panic of 1837 that removed the need for payment in specie—led to the creation and collapse of around 50 banks within two years. The term is apocryphally derived from a wildcat supposedly featured on the currency printed by one of these banks, but more probably derived from the remote locations "where the wildcats roamed" chosen by these banks to avoid oversight and minimize redemption of notes.

John Audubon
bobcat
wildcat
wildcat (disambiguation)
wildcat cartridge

2003 April 24, CNN
Upon checking it out, we found a total of 13 newborn wildcats: nine newborn tigers and two newborn leopards.

A cat that lives in the wilderness, specifically:

(uncommon) Alternative spelling of wild cat, any undomesticated felid, as tigers or lions.

wildcat cartridge
wildcat cartridge#English

(firearms) Clipping of wildcat cartridge.

(obsolete) Clipping of wildcat money, notes issued by a wildcat bank.


hare

en-noun

hare (countable and uncountable, plural hare or hares)

Sranan Tongo: hei

From Middle English hare, from Old English hara (“hare”), from Proto-West Germanic *hasō ~ *haʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *hasô, from *haswaz (“grey”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱh₂s-én-.
Cognates
See also West Frisian hazze, Dutch haas, German Hase, Norwegian and Swedish hare, Icelandic heri), Old English hasu, Middle High German heswe (“pale, dull”); also Welsh cannu (“to whiten”), ceinach (“hare”), Latin cānus (“white”), cascus (“old”), Old Prussian sasnis (“hare”), Pashto سوی (soe, “hare”) and Sanskrit शश (śaśa, “hare”).

hold with the hare and run with the hounds

you can't run with the hare and hunt with the hounds

(countable) Any of several plant-eating animals of the family Leporidae, especially of the genus Lepus, similar to a rabbit, but larger and with longer ears.

(countable) The player in a paperchase, or hare and hounds game, who leaves a trail of paper to be followed.


hare

en-verb

hare (third-person singular simple present hares, present participle haring, simple past and past participle hared)

hares (present singular third-person)
haring (participle present)
hared (participle past)
hared (past)

But Wales somehow snaffled possession for fly-half Jones to send half-back partner Mike Phillips haring away with Stoddart in support.

2011 February 4, Gareth Roberts, “Wales 19-26 England”, in BBC:

Desperate, Kim hurls his phone overarm at the creature's forehead. It's a solid chunk of metal and it's a dead hit. Grey reels backwards and cracks his skull against the wall. By the time he recovers, Kim is out of sight, haring away down the left corridor, just echoing, fading footsteps on concrete.

2015–2021, qntm, “Introductory Antimemetics”, in There Is No Antimemetics Division, →ISBN, page 21:


otter

From Middle English oter, otir, otur, otyre, from Old English otor, from Proto-West Germanic *otr, from Proto-Germanic *utraz, from Proto-Indo-European *udrós (“aquatic, water-animal”), from Proto-Indo-European *wed- (“water”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Otter, Dutch otter, German Otter, Swedish utter, Norwegian oter, Icelandic otur, Sanskrit उद्र (udrá), Russian вы́дра (výdra), and Ancient Greek ὕδρα (húdra, “water snake”). Doublet of Hydra and hydra. More etymology under English water.

cog

An aquatic or marine carnivorous mammal in the subfamily Lutrinae of the family Mustelidae, which also includes weasels, polecats, badgers, and others.

(gay slang) A hairy man with a slender physique, in contrast with a bear, who is more thickset.


lynx

From Middle English lynx, linx, lenx, lynce, from Latin lynx, from Ancient Greek λύγξ (lúnx), from Proto-Hellenic *lúnks, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“white; light; bright”), because of the cat's glowing eyes and ability to see in the dark.
Eclipsed English los, loz (“lynx”); Middle English lusk (“lynx”), from Old English lox (“lynx”) as the animal died out in Britain during the Middle Ages.

der

Any of several medium-sized wild cats, mostly of the genus Lynx.


marmot

→ Japanese: マーモット (māmotto)

→ Korean: 마멋 (mameot)

→ Thai: มาร์มอต (maa-mɔ́t)

From Middle French marmote, from Old French marmotaine, marmontaine, murmontain, from Old Franco-Provençal marmotan, from Vulgar Latin *mures montani, from Latin mus monti (“mountain rat”); akin to Engadin Romansch murmont, Old High German muremunto (dialectal German Murmentel, standard Murmeltier).

Any of several large ground-dwelling rodents of the genera Marmota and Cynomys in the squirrel family.


marten

From Middle English martren, martryn, from Old French martrine (“marten fur”), from Old Dutch *marthrīn (“of marten fur”), from *marthar (“marten”). Displaced Old English mearþ, from Proto-Germanic *marþuz.

Any carnivorous mammal of the genus Martes (family Mustelidae).

نِمْس m (nims, literally “mustelid”) (many distinguish not further)

nyest

beech marten and other species of the genus Martes


badger

From Middle English bageard (“marked by a badge”), from bage (“badge”), referring to the animal's badge-like white blaze, equivalent to badge + -ard. Displaced earlier brock, from Old English brocc.

inh

A native or resident of the American state, Wisconsin.


weasel

From Middle English wesele, from Old English weosule, from Proto-West Germanic *wisulā, from Proto-Germanic *wisulǭ.
The verb is from c. 1900, from the supposed cunningness of the weasel.

Any of the carnivorous mammals of the genus Mustela, having a slender body, a long tail and usually a light brown upper coat and light-coloured belly.

mustela

any of the carnivorous mammals of the genus Mustela


least weasel

From least + weasel, from the fact that it is the smallest member of its genus.

The range of the Least Weasel extends entirely across the continent on this hemisphere; but its north and south dispersion are less definite, in the present state of our knowledge.

1877, Elliott Coues, “MUSTELINÆ—Continued: The Weasels. [The Weasel. Putorius (Gale) vulgaris.]”, in Fur-bearing Animals: A Monograph of North American Mustelidæ, […] (United States Geological Survey of the Territories, Department of the Interior, Miscellaneous Publications; no. 8), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 105:

Two other interesting animals may have lived in that tree, the least weasel and his sanguinary cousin the ermine, or large weasel. Both are brown, after the snow finally disappears, and both turn white with the first snow-storm.

1884, Edward P[ayson] Roe, “An Old Tenement”, in Nature’s Serial Story, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead, and Company, →OCLC, page 342:

The least weasels are also circumpolar in distribution, but are limited to the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and North America. [...] Least weasels are characterized by the same swift alertness and boldness so marked in the larger species. In fact they are, if possible, even quicker in their movements.

1918 May, Edward W[illiam] Nelson, “Smaller Mammals of North America”, in Gilbert H[ovey] Grosvenor, editor, National Geographic, volume XXXIII, number 5, Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 471:

The least weasel is active both summer and winter, and although primarily nocturnal, it frequently hunts in the daytime. It neither hibernates nor migrates, though it may move from area to area to find available food.

1961, Hartley H. T. Jackson, “Family Mustelidae, Weasels and Allies”, in Mammals of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, →ISBN, page 344, column 2:

[S]he had hoped against hope that he would be a least weasel—smallest of all carnivores. She had never seen one. The least weasel diets almost exclusively on tiny, selected mice.

1973, John McPhee, “Travels in Georgia”, in Pieces of the Frame, 1st paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, published 1979, →ISBN, page 28:

Ounce for ounce, few creatures who hunt can match the relentless little least weasel. Driven by hunger and nervous energy, this tiny bundle of muscle and nerves is an efficient killer. [...] The least weasel can't squirt its foul fume like a skunk, but it can raise a pretty good stink. In summer, the male wears a coat which a chocolate brown top and white belly. In winter, the entire coat becomes white to match the snow.

1978 January, Steve Maslowski, “The Least Weasel”, in Boys’ Life: The Magazine for All Boys, volume LXVIII, number 1, North Brunswick, N.J.: Boy Scouts of America, →OCLC, page 18, column 1:

Least weasels kill prey much larger than themselves. [...] Least weasels kill small prey, such as voles, with a bite to the skull's occipital region or neck to disarticulate cervical vertebrae. [...] Least weasels do not dig dens, but nests^([sic – meaning nest]) in abandoned burrows of other species, such as moles or rats, in crevices among tree roots, hollow logs, or stone walls.

2018 December 20, Yeong-Seok Jo, John T. Baccus, John L. Koprowski, “Carnivora [Mustela nivalis Linnaeus 1766—Least Weasel]”, in Mammals of Korea, Incheon: National Institute of Biological Resources, →ISBN, page 209:

Mustela nivalis
Mustela nivalis#Translingual

The common weasel, little weasel, or simply weasel (Mustela nivalis), the smallest member of the weasel genus Mustela, native to Eurasia, North America, and North Africa.


ermine

en-noun

ermine (countable and uncountable, plural ermines or ermine)

From Middle English ermine, ermin, ermyn, from Old French ermin, ermine, hermine.
There are two main theories for the origin of Old French ermine. Germanic origin is suggested via Old Dutch *harmino (“stoat skin”), from *harmo (“stoat, weasel”) (compare Dutch hermelijn and dialectal herm), from Proto-Germanic *harmǭ, *harmô (compare Old English hearma, Old High German harmo (harmin (adjective), obsolete German Harm), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱormō (compare Romansch carmun, obsolete Lithuanian šarmuõ). Romance sources identify the animal with the corresponding word for Armenian, possibly from Medieval Latin mūs Armenius (“Armenian mouse”) or a posterior compound.

der

Mustela erminea
Mustela erminea#Translingual

A weasel found in northern latitudes (Mustela erminea in Eurasia, Alaska, and the Arctic, Mustela haidarum in Haida Gwaii, Mustela richardsonii in the rest of North America); its dark brown fur turns white in winter, apart from the black tip of the tail.

ermelina

Mustela erminea, M. richardsonii, M. haidarum


stoat

From Middle English stote (“the ermine, especially in its brown summer coat”), of uncertain origin. The word bears some resemblance to Old Norse stutr (“bull”), Swedish stut (“bull, steer”) and Danish stud (“steer”) (see also English stot), but the semantic link is difficult unless a common origin is from “(brown?) male mammal”. First attested in the mid 1400s.

inh

I have never seen Stoats hunt in packs, but it is certain both Weasels and Stoats do so.

1886, Transactions of the Edinburgh Naturalists' Field Club, volume 1, page 135:

In 1953 it was reported that the stoat had increased to a high population level, but that the weasel introduced at the same time had disappeared (de Vos et al. 1956).

2003, John Long, Introduced Mammals of the World: Their History, Distribution and Influence, page 272:

European stoats were long ago introduced to New Zealand (along with ferrets and weasels!) in the mistaken belief that they would control the burgeoning populations of introduced rabbits.

2005, T. C. R. White, Why Does the World Stay Green?: Nutrition and Survival of Plant-eaters, page 91:

Mustela erminea, the ermine or short-tailed weasel, a mustelid native to Eurasia and North America, distinguished from the least weasel by its larger size and longer tail with a prominent black tip.


polecat

From Middle English polcat, pulkat, of uncertain origin. Perhaps from Middle English *pole, *poule (“hen”), from Old French poule (“hen”) + Middle English cat. Compare English foulmart.

A weasel-like animal of the genus Mustela.

For a long time the dormouse and polecat had seemed to him overfeeble enemies for his restless valour, even as the granary floor seemed to afford too narrow a field. Every day he read the papers of the previous day in the servants' hall of the houses he visited, and it appeared to him that this war in America, which was hailed as the awakening of the spirit of liberty and justice in the New World, ought to produce a revolution in France.

1837, George Sand, translated by Stanley Young, Mauprat, Cassandra Editions, published 1977, →ISBN, page 237:

By the little garden pergola open to the winds some fluttered peacocks were blotted nervelessly amid the dripping trees, their heads sunk back beneath their wings: while in the pergola itself, like a fallen storm-cloud, lolled a negress, her levelled, polecat eyes semi-veiled by the nebulous alchemy of the rainbow.

1919, Ronald Firbank, Valmouth, Duckworth, hardback edition, page 61

Mustela putorius
Mustela putorius#Translingual

notably, the European polecat, Mustela putorius.

This is adjustable telescopic tubing, wedged securely between floor and ceiling (vertical pole) or wall-to-wall (horizontal pole), within corridors, arches, window openings, doorways, etc. It may be held in position by a strong internal spring or end-screws. Designs include polecat, varipole, barricuda, jack tube, Acrow.

1991, Gerald Millerson, The Technique of Lighting for Television and Film, page 323:

This uses a battery-operated HMI/MSR 200 W rigged on a magic arm fastened to a vertical 'pole-cat'. Check that the car roof is suitable for this application and remember to include a clean card (beer mat) between the top of the pole-cat and the car roof!

2013, Alan Bermingham, Location Lighting for Television, page 196:

(television) A tubular device used to support lights on a set.


ferret

From Middle English furet, ferret, from Old French furet, from Vulgar Latin *furittum (“weasel, ferret”), diminutive of Latin fūr (“thief”).

der

Mustela putorius furo
Mustela putorius furo#Translingual

An often domesticated mammal (Mustela putorius furo) rather like a weasel, descended from the polecat and often trained to hunt burrowing animals.

A black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes).


ferret

en-verb

ferret (third-person singular simple present ferrets, present participle ferreting, simple past and past participle ferreted)

ferrets (present singular third-person)
ferreting (participle present)
ferreted (participle past)
ferreted (past)

Master Fer! I'll fer him, and firk him, and ferret him.

1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene iv]:

I confess that we were so unpopular with the outrageous mob, that I only got away from England at the risk of being ducked to death, and that Cly was so ferreted up and down, that he never would have got away at all but for that sham.

1859, Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities:

He had been piqued by the failure of all his endeavors to ferret out the assassins.

1842, Edgar Alan Poe, The Mistery of Marie Roget:

She ferreted in her bag; then held it up mouth downwards; then fumbled in her lap, all so vigorously that Charles Steele in the Panama hat suspended his paint-brush.

1922, Virginia Woolf, chapter 1, in Jacob's Room:

(by extension, transitive, intransitive) To uncover and bring to light by searching; usually to ferret out.


dormouse

From Middle English dormowse, of uncertain origin. Possibly from a dialectal *dor-, from Old Norse dár (“benumbed”) + mous (“mouse”). More at doze, mouse.
The word is sometimes conjectured to come from an Anglo-Norman derivative of Old French dormir (“to sleep”) (as *dormouse (“tending to be dormant”), with second element mistaken for mouse), but no such Anglo-Norman term is known to have existed.

(figuratively) A person who sleeps a great deal, or who falls asleep readily (by analogy with the sound hibernation of the dormouse).


muskrat

Perhaps so called for its musky odour and because it resembles a rat, or perhaps called by an Algonquian name like the Abenaki moskwas, with the spelling altered under the influence of the English words musk and rat.


rabbit

en-noun

rabbit (countable and uncountable, plural rabbits)

From Middle English rabet, rabette, from Anglo-Latin rabettus, from dialectal Old French rabotte, probably a diminutive of Middle Dutch or West Flemish robbe (“rabbit, seal”), of uncertain origin; possibly some imitative verb, maybe robben, rubben (“to rub”) is used here to allude to a characteristic of the animal. See rub.
Related forms include Middle French rabouillet (“baby rabbit”) and in French rabot (“plane”)), coming via Walloon Old French (reflected nowadays as Walloon robète (“rabbit”)), from Middle Dutch robbe ("rabbit; seal"; whence Modern Dutch rob (“seal", also "rabbit”)); also Middle Low German robbe, rubbe (“rabbit”), and the later German Low German Rubbe, Robb (“seal”), West Frisian robbe (“seal”), Saterland Frisian Rubbe (“seal”), North Frisian rob (“seal”), borrowed into German Robbe (“seal”).
Meant "young rabbit" until the 19th c., when it came to replace the original general term coney, owing to the latter's resemblance to and use as a euphemism for cunny, "vulva" (compare ass and donkey).

onomatopoeic

imitative

gl

"rabbit; seal"; whence Modern Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">rob</i> (“seal", also "rabbit”)

The pioneers survived by eating the small game they could get: rabbits, squirrels and occasionally a raccoon.

Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], “The Old Punt: A Curious ‘Turnpike’”, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC, pages 19–20:

A mammal of the family Leporidae, with long ears, long hind legs and a short, fluffy tail.

тхьэкӏумэкӏэхьы

tḥɛkʷʼumɛkʼɛḥə


mouflon

Unadapted borrowing from French mouflon, from Italian muflone. From 1765–1775.

One of the most modified domesticates is the sheep, the various breeds of which bear little resemblance to its wild ancestor, the mouflon.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 237:

A species of wild sheep, Ovis orientalis musimon, syn. Ovis aries musimon, endemic to Sardinia and Corsica.


squirrel

From Middle English squirel, squyrelle, from Anglo-Norman esquirel and Old French escurel (whence French écureuil), from Vulgar Latin *scūriolus, diminutive of *scūrius, variant of Latin sciūrus, from Ancient Greek σκίουρος (skíouros) "shadow-tail", from σκιά (skiá, “shadow”) + οὐρά (ourá, “tail”).
Displaced native Middle English acquerne, aquerne, from Old English ācweorna.

even a blind squirrel can find a nut once in a while

even a blind squirrel finds an acorn every now and then

even a blind squirrel finds an acorn every once in a while

One of the small rollers of a carding machine which work with the large cylinder.


pig

en-noun

pig (countable and uncountable, plural pigs)

Torres Strait Creole: pig

Tok Pisin: pik

→ Abenaki: piks (from "pigs")

→ Malecite-Passamaquoddy: piks (from "pigs")

Pronunciation example of the word Pig in British English.ogg

From Middle English pigge (“pig, pigling”) (originally a term for a young pig, with adult pigs being swyn), apparently from Old English *picga (attested only in compounds, such as picgbrēad (“mast, pig-fodder”)), from Proto-West Germanic *piggō, *puggō (“piglet”). Compare Middle Dutch pogge, puggen, pigge, pegsken (“pigling”), Middle Low German pugge, pûke (“piglet”). Pokorny suggests this root might be somehow related to *bū-, *bew- (“to blow; swell”), which could account for the alternation between "pig" and "big".
A connection to early modern Dutch bigge (contemporary big (“piglet”)), West Frisian bigge (“pigling”), and similar terms in Middle Low German is sometimes proposed, "but the phonology is difficult". Some sources say the words are "almost certainly not" related, others consider a relation "probable, but not certain".
The slang sense of "police officer" is attested since at least 1785.

cuto (Northern Spain - specifically Aragon, La Rioja and Navarra)

even a blind pig can find an acorn once in a while

The man kept a pen with two pigs that he fed everything from carrots to cabbage.

[…]and at the back a rambling courtledge of barns and walls, around which pigs and bare-foot children grunted in loving communion of dirt.

1855, Charles Kingsley, “How Salvation Yeo Slew the King of the Gubbings”, in Westward Ho!: Or, The Voyages and Adventures of Sir Amyas Leigh, Knight, […], volume II, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC, page 113:

Any of several mammalian species of the genus Sus or the family Suidae, having cloven hooves, bristles and a nose adapted for digging; especially the domesticated animal Sus domesticus.

Weanlings grow into feeder pigs, and feeder pigs grow into slaughter hogs. […] Ultimately the end use for virtually all pigs and hogs is to be slaughtered for the production of pork and other products.

2005 April, Live Swine from Canada, Investigation No. 731-TA-1076 (Final), publication 3766, April 2005, U.S. International Trade Commission, →ISBN, page I-9:

(specifically) A young swine, a piglet (contrasted with a hog, an adult swine).

Unfortunately, the pig sent to clear the obstruction got lodged in a tight bend, adding to the problem.

(engineering) A device for cleaning or inspecting the inside of an oil or gas pipeline, or for separating different substances within the pipeline. Named for the pig-like squealing noise made by their progress.

porsas

device to clean or inspect a pipe from inside


wild boar

wild boar (plural wild boars or wild boar)

The San Juan market is Mexico City's most famous deli of exotic meats, where an adventurous shopper can hunt down hard-to-find critters such as ostrich, wild boar and crocodile.

2013 July 26, Nick Miroff, “Mexico gets a taste for eating insects […] ”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 7, page 32:

A wild swine native to Eurasia and North Africa (Sus scrofa), now widely distributed elsewhere and ancestor of most domestic pig breeds.


mole

Calqued from German Mol; spelled as if it had come directly from molecule or Latin moles (the ultimate source of Mol and molecule in any event).

International System of Units
International System of Units

(chemistry, physics) In the International System of Units, the base unit of amount of substance; the amount of substance of a system which contains exactly 6.02214076×10²³ elementary entities (atoms, ions, molecules, etc.). Symbol: mol. The number of atoms is known as Avogadro’s number. [from 1897]


fox

fox (plural foxes or (nonstandard, dialectal) foxen)

foxes (plural)
foxen (dialectal nonstandard plural)

→ Cheyenne: vóhkéso

→ Japanese: フォックス (fokkusu)

→ Maori: pōkiha

From Middle English fox, from Old English fox (“fox”), from Proto-West Germanic *fuhs, from Proto-Germanic *fuhsaz (“fox”), from Proto-Indo-European *púḱsos (“the tailed one”), possibly from *puḱ- (“tail”).
Cognate with Scots fox (“fox”), West Frisian foks (“fox”), Fering-Öömrang North Frisian foos and Sölring and Heligoland fos, Dutch vos (“fox”), Low German vos (“fox”), German Fuchs (“fox”), Icelandic fóa (“fox”), Tocharian B päkā (“tail, chowrie”), Russian пух (pux, “down, fluff”), Sanskrit पुच्छ (púccha) (whence Torwali پوش (pūš, “fox”), Hindi पूंछ (pūñch, “tail”)).

inh

the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog


shrew

From Middle English *schrewe, from Old English sċrēawa (“shrew”), from Proto-Germanic *skrawwaz (“thin; meagre; frail”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut; shorten; skimp”). Cognates include Old High German scrawaz (“dwarf”), Norwegian skrugg (“dwarf”).

otter shrew

subfamily Potamogalinae in family Tenrecidae in order Afrosoricida

treeshrew

families Tupaiidae and Ptilocercidae in order Scandentia

West Indies shrew

genus †Nesophontes in family Solenodontidae

Any of numerous small, mouselike, chiefly nocturnal, mammals of the family Soricidae (order Eulipotyphla).

Certain other small mammals that resemble true shrews.

The clerk had, I'm afraid, a shrew of a wife—shrill, vehement, and fluent. 'Rogue,' 'old miser,' 'old sneak,' and a great many worse names, she called him.

1863, Sheridan Le Fanu, The House by the Churchyard:

His wife was a shrew with warts on her face and she spoke to him sharply when others were present, but Simcha did not complain.

1959, Mordecai Richler, The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz:

(derogatory) An ill-tempered, nagging woman: a scold.


ram

From Middle English ram, rom, ramme, from Old English ramm (“ram”), from Proto-Germanic *rammaz (“ram”), possibly from *rammaz (“strong”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Rom (“ram”), Dutch ram (“a male sheep”), German Ramm, Ramme (“ram”). Possibly akin also to Danish ram (“sharp; acrid; rank”), Swedish ram (“strong; perfect”), Faroese ramur (“strong; competent”), Icelandic rammur (“strong; sturdy”).

(zoology, agriculture) A male sheep, typically uncastrated.

A battering ram; a heavy object used for breaking through doors.

He describes the operation thus: "The heavy ram employed to impart the finishing strokes, hoisted up with double purchase and snail's pace to the summit of the Piling Engine, and then falling down like a thunderbolt on the head of the devoted timber, driving it perhaps a single half inch in to the stratum below, is well calculated to put to the test the virtue of patience, while it illustrates the old adage of—slow and sure."

1952 July, W. R. Watson, “Sankey Viaduct and Embankment”, in Railway Magazine, page 487:

A weight which strikes a blow, in a ramming device such as a pile driver, steam hammer, or stamp mill.


ram

en-adj

ram (comparative more ram, superlative most ram)

more ram (comparative)
most ram (superlative)

Likely from Old Norse ramr, rammr (“strong, rank, bitter”), from Proto-Germanic *rammaz (“strong, overbearing; acrid, rank”), perhaps ultimately related to Etymology 1 above. Compare Scots ram (“a rank odour”). Compare also Middle English rammish (“rank, offensive in smell”).

cog

(Northern England) Rancid; offensive in smell or taste.


pull

en-verb

pull (third-person singular simple present pulls, present participle pulling, simple past and past participle pulled)

pulls (present singular third-person)
pulling (participle present)
pulled (participle past)
pulled (past)

push

antonym(s) of “apply force to (something) so it comes towards one”

-ʊl (accents with foot–goose merger or full–fool merger)

Verb from Middle English pullen, from Old English pullian (“to pull, draw, tug, pluck off”), of uncertain ultimate origin. Related to West Frisian pûlje (“to shell, husk”), Middle Dutch pullen (“to drink”), Middle Dutch polen (“to peel, strip”), Low German pulen (“to pick, pluck, pull, tear, strip off husks”), Icelandic púla (“to work hard, beat”).
Noun from Middle English pul, pull, pulle, from the verb pullen (“to pull”).

cog

it's not the whistle that pulls the train

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire

'I never liked Bowler, and I had my suspicions when Captain Ferndale persuaded you to put him up in that race. I did not discover until some time after that he pulled the horse.'

1897, Nat Gould, Not So Bad After All, page 200:

(horse racing, transitive) To impede the progress of (a horse) to prevent its winning a race.


roebuck

From Middle English roobukke; equivalent to roe + buck (“male deer”). Doublet of rhebok.

From the thick copse the roebucks bound,
The startled red-deer scuds the plain […]

1807, “Cadyow Castle”, in The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, volume 4, Walter Scott:


empress

From Middle English emperice, emperesse, from Anglo-Norman and Old French empereriz, from Latin imperatrix, equivalent to emperor + -ess. Doublet of imperatrix. Compare modern French impératrice.


monarch

From Middle French monarque, from Late Latin monarcha, from Ancient Greek μονάρχης (monárkhēs), variant of μόναρχος (mónarkhos, “sole ruler”), from μόνος (mónos, “only”) + ἀρχός (arkhós, “leader”), equivalent to mono- + -arch.
* (butterfly): See monarch butterfly.

But I know the monarchs are close by, their orange-and-black wings folded, dusted, and baked by heat, ready to flee south.

2019, Ocean Vuong, On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous, Jonathan Cape, page 223:

Danaus plexippus
Danaus plexippus#Translingual

A monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) and others of genus Danaus, found primarily in North America.


tissue

en-noun

tissue (countable and uncountable, plural tissues)

From Middle English tissu, from Old French tissu (“woven”), past participle of tistre (“to weave”), from Latin texō (“to weave”).

Pricing the first show is a matter of the bookmaker's individual judgment, relying upon advice from all quarters, particularly the tissue; but very soon in the betting exchanges it becomes clear that the sole criterion for the fixing of a horse's price is demand.

2016, Gerald Hammond, The Language of Horse Racing:

(horse racing, slang) The scratch sheet or racing form.


handle

desctree

→ Japanese: ハンドル (handoru)
→ Hokkien: 捍多路 (hăn-tó͘-luh)
→ Sakizaya: handulu

From Middle English handel, handle, from Old English handle (“a handle”), from handlian (“to handle, feel, deal with, discuss”). See verb below. Cognate with Danish handel (“a handle”).

(horse racing, gambling) The amount wagered in the various pari-mutuel pools for a particular event or events.


drill

]
Probably of African origin; compare mandrill.

An Old World monkey of West Africa, Mandrillus leucophaeus, similar in appearance to the mandrill, but lacking the colorful face.


mare

Borrowed from Latin mare (“sea”). Doublet of mar and mere.

Kraken Mare (a lake of liquid hydrocarbons on Titan which is slightly larger than the Caspian Sea)

(planetology) On Saturn's moon Titan, any of several lakes which are large expanses of what is thought to be liquid hydrocarbons.


stallion

From Middle English stalion, from Middle French estalon (whence modern French étalon), of Germanic origin, akin to stall. Displaced native Old English henġest.

An adult male horse.
A male horse kept primarily as a stud.


foal

From Middle English fole, from Old English fola, from Proto-West Germanic *folō, from Proto-Germanic *fulô, from pre-Germanic *pl̥Hon-, from Proto-Indo-European *pōlH- (“animal young”) (cognate with Saterland Frisian Foole, West Frisian fôle, foalle, Dutch veulen, German Low German Fohl, German Fohlen, Fohle, Swedish fåle; compare also Ancient Greek πῶλος (pôlos), Latin pullus, Albanian pelë (“mare”), Old Armenian ուլ (ul, “kid, fawn”). Related to filly.

inh

(mining, historical) A young boy who assisted the headsman by pushing or pulling the tub.


filly

From Old Norse fylja (whence Danish føl), related to foal. Cognate with Dutch veulen, German Fohlen.


colt

en-verb

colt (third-person singular simple present colts, present participle colting, simple past and past participle colted)

colts (present singular third-person)
colting (participle present)
colted (participle past)
colted (past)

From Middle English colt, from Old English colt, from Proto-Germanic *kultaz (“plump; stump; thick shape, bulb”), from Proto-Indo-European *gelt- (“something round, pregnant belly, child in the womb”), from *gel- (“to ball up, amass”). Cognate with Faroese koltur (“colt, foal”) Norwegian kult (“treestump”), Swedish kult (“young boar, boy, lad”). Related to child.

der

Never talk on't: / She hath been colted by him.

1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv], line 133:

(obsolete, transitive) To horse; to get with young.


calf

en-noun

calf (plural calves or (nonstandard) calfs)

calves (plural)
calfs (nonstandard plural)

From Middle English calf, from Anglian Old English cælf, calf (West Saxon ċealf); also cognate with German Kalb (“calf”), Dutch kalf (“calf”) and Danish kalv (“calf”), from Proto-Germanic *kalbaz, further etymology unknown.

New York, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Baltimore

Leather made of the skin of the calf; especially, a fine, light-coloured leather used in bookbinding.

A young deer, elephant, seal, whale or giraffe (also used of some other animals).

دَغْفَل

young deer, elephant, seal or whale (also used of some other animals)

kalv

of other animals, e.g., moose or antelope

1915 (published), 1848 (first written), Elisha Kent Kane, Adrift in the Arctic Ice Pack
Our swell ceases with this wind, and the floes seem disposed to come together again; but the days of winter have passed by, and the interposing calves prevent the apposition of the edges

A chunk of ice broken from a larger glacier, ice shelf, or iceberg.

kalv

chunk of ice broken off of a larger glacier, ice shelf, or iceberg

the Calf of Man


calf

From Middle English calf, kalf, from Old Norse kalfi, possibly derived from the same Germanic root as English calf (“young cow”) (above). Cognate with Icelandic kálfi (“calf of the leg”).

Sure, his calves are a little weak, but the rest of his physique is so overwhelming, he should place high.

1988, Steve Holman, “Christian Conquers Columbus”, in Ironman, 47 (6): 28-34:

The muscle in the back of the leg below the knee.


blower

From Middle English blowere, blower, from Old English blāwere; equivalent to blow + -er.

Any device that blows; often, especially, a furnace component or a supercharger.

A ducted fan, usually part of a heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning system.


ewe

From Middle English ewe, from Old English eowu, from Proto-West Germanic *awi, from Proto-Germanic *awiz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ówis (“sheep”).
Cognates
See also Old English ēow (“sheep”), West Frisian ei, Dutch ooi, German Aue); also Old Irish oí, Latin ovis, Tocharian B ā(ᵤ)w, Lithuanian avìs (“ewe”), Russian овца́ (ovcá).

This twentie yeeres haue I bene with thee: thy ewes and thy ſhee goates haue not caſt their yong, and the rammes of thy flocke haue I not eaten.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 31:38, column 2:


squash

squash (countable and uncountable, plural squashes)

→ Catalan: esquaix

→ Czech: squash

→ Dutch: kwast

Afrikaans: kwas

→ Finnish: squash

→ French: squash

→ Japanese: スカッシュ (sukasshu)

→ Korean: 스쿼시 (seukwosi)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: squash

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: squash

→ Polish: squash

→ Portuguese: squash

→ Russian: сквош (skvoš)

→ Swedish: squash

From Middle English squachen, squatchen, from Old French esquacher, escachier, from Vulgar Latin *excoāctiāre, from Latin ex + coāctāre. Probably influenced by Middle English quashen, quassen, from Old French esquasser, escasser (“to crush, shatter, destroy, break”), from Vulgar Latin *exquassare, from Latin ex- + quassare (“to shatter”) (see quash).

Ivor had acquired more than a mile of fishing rights with the house; he was not at all a good fisherman, but one must do something; one generally, however, banged a ball with a squash-racket against a wall.

1922, Michael Arlen, “3/19/2”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days:

(uncountable) A sport played in a walled court with a soft rubber ball and bats like tennis racquets.


squash

squash (countable and uncountable, plural squash or squashes)

Shortening of Narragansett askutasquash (“[a vegetable] eaten green (or raw)”), from askut (“green, raw”) + asquash (“eaten”).

wasawa

plant and its fruit of the genus Cucurbita

Cucurbita maxima
Cucurbita maxima#Translingual

(botany, countable) A plant and its fruit of any of a few species of the genus Cucurbita, or gourd kind.

Cucurbita maxima, including hubbard squash, great winter squash, buttercup squash, and some varieties of pumpkins.

Cucurbita moschata
Cucurbita moschata#Translingual

Cucurbita moschata, butternut squash, Barbary squash, China squash.

Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita pepo#Translingual

Cucurbita pepo, most pumpkins, acorn squash, summer squash, zucchini.


want

en-noun

want (countable and uncountable, plural wants)

From Middle English wanten (“to lack”), from Old Norse vanta (“to lack”), from Proto-Germanic *wanatōną (“to be wanting, lack”), from *wanô (“lack, deficiency”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“empty”). Cognate with Middle High German wan (“not full, empty”), Middle Dutch wan (“empty, poor”), Old English wana (“want, lack, absence, deficiency”), Latin vanus (“empty”). See wan, wan-.

cog

(UK, mining) A depression in coal strata, hollowed out before the subsequent deposition took place.


rhinoceros

en-noun

rhinoceros (plural rhinoceros or rhinoceroses or (uncommon) rhinocerosses or (nonstandard) rhinoceri or (nonstandard) rhinoceroi or (now rare) rhinocerotes)

rhinoceros (plural)
rhinoceroses (plural)
rhinocerosses (plural uncommon)
rhinoceri (nonstandard plural)
rhinoceroi (nonstandard plural)
rhinocerotes (archaic plural)

/ɹɑɪˈnɔs.ə.ɹəs/

From Latin rhīnocerōs, from Ancient Greek ῥῑνόκερως (rhīnókerōs, “nose-horned”), composed of ῥῑ́ς, ῥῑνός (rhī́s, rhīnós, “nose, of (the) nose”) + κέρας (kéras, “horn”).

Rhinos

cf. also the homophones: RINO, RINOs, Republican(s) In Name Only

Rhinoceros Party English Wikipedia has an article on:Rhinoceros Party

Herein therefore to draw up our determinations beside the several pieces of Scripture mentioning this Animal (which some may well contend to be only meant of the Rhinoceros) we are so far from denying there is any Unicorn at all, that we affirme there are many kinds thereof. In the number of Quadrapedes we will concede no less then five; that is the Indian Oxe, Indian Ass, Rhinoceros, the Oryx, and that which is more eminently termed Monoceros, or Unicornis.

1658, Thomas Brown, “Of Unicorns Horn”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: Or Enquiries Into Very many Received Tenents And commonly Presumed Truths. The Fourth Edition, page 203:

Any of several large herbivorous ungulates native to Africa and Asia of the five extant species in the three extant genera in the family Rhinocerotidae, with thick, gray skin and one or two horns on their snouts.

(paleontology) A member of the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea, including hornless members of the extinct genus Paraceratherium.


upeygan

Diceros bicornis
Diceros bicornis#Translingual

(zoology) A borele or two-horned black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis).


rodent

From Latin rōdēns, rōdēnt- (“gnawer; one who gnaws”), present participle of rōdō (“I gnaw”).

uder

(dated, bulletin board system slang, leetspeak, derogatory) A person lacking in maturity, social skills, technical competence or intelligence; lamer.


hart

en-noun

hart (countable and uncountable, plural hart or harts)

From Middle English hert, from Old English heorot (“stag”), from Proto-West Germanic *herut, from Proto-Germanic *herutaz (compare Dutch hert, German Hirsch, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish hjort), from Pre-Germanic *kerudos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).
Cognates
Compare Welsh carw (“deer”), Latin cervus (“deer”), cervīx (“nape of the neck”), Lithuanian kárvė (“cow”), Russian коро́ва (koróva, “cow”), Ancient Greek κόρυδος (kórudos, “crested lark”), κορυφή (koruphḗ, “summit, crown of the head”), κορύπτω (korúptō, “to butt with horns”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬏 (srū), 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (sruuā, “horn; claw, talon”), Sanskrit शरभ (śarabhá, “mythical antelope”). More at horn.

cog

Coordinate term: hind (the female)

With milke-white Hartes vpon an Iuorie ſled,
Thou ſhalt be drawen amidſt the froſen Pooles,
And ſcale the yſie mountaines lofty tops:
Which with thy beautie will be soone reſolu’d.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:

Then, finding Herds of luſtie Deare, / She Huntreſſe-like the Hart purſues; […]

1612, Michael Drayton, “The thirteenth Song”, in [John Selden], editor, Poly-Olbion. Or A Chorographicall Description of Tracts, Riuers, Mountaines, Forests, and Other Parts of this Renowned Isle of Great Britaine, […], London: […] [Humphrey Lownes] for M[athew] Lownes; I[ohn] Browne; I[ohn] Helme; I[ohn] Busbie, →OCLC, page 213:

(countable) A male deer, especially the male of the red deer after his fifth year.


wolverine

1619; alteration of earlier wolvering (1574), diminutive of wolver (“ravenous or savage animal; person who behaves like a wolf”) (1593), ultimately from wolf.

“Wish I'd been more polite to that girl,” the sheriff remarked regretfully. “ I ain't had a bite to eat since four o'clock this morning, and I'm hungry as a wolverine. … I know she'd have give me another drink of that old moonshine she has.”

1920, Peter B. Kyne, chapter IV, in The Understanding Heart:

A solitary, fierce mammal of the Mustelidae family, Gulo gulo.


classic

From French classique, from Latin classicus (“relating to the classes of Roman citizenry, especially the highest”), from classis. By surface analysis, class + -ic. Piecewise doublet of classy.

der

The goal of the top horses was to win a Classic (or preferably three, thus claiming the Triple Crown) or the Ascot Gold Cup, […]

2012, Dr Joyce Kay, Professor Wray Vamplew, Encyclopedia of British Horse Racing, page 316:

(horse racing) Any of the British Classic Races, five long-standing Group 1 horse races run during the traditional flat racing season.


bullet

en-noun

bullet (countable and uncountable, plural bullets)

From Middle English bullet (“an official tag or badge of registration or identification”), from Old French bullete, diminutive of boule (“ball”). Later influenced by Middle French boulette and French boulet.

inh

Nakamura is a different animal at 15-minute rapid and five-minute blitz and even more so at one-minute bullet, and in this match he adopted a psychological approach which paid off brilliantly.

2020 August 21, Leonard Barden, “Chess: Carlsen fights back from brink to overcome Nakamura in 38-game epic”, in The Guardian:

Carlsen also has been engaging in online marathons of "bullet chess," exactly the kind of attention-disrupting, energy-draining stunt contenders are supposed to avoid. In a bullet game, each player has only one minute for all the moves. The pace is so rapid the games are hard to watch, much less play.

2021 November 24, Tyler Cowen, “Chess Is an Esport Now. Get Used to It.”, in The Washington Post:

Even today, when they're home, the siblings indulge in a friendly game or two. "We love playing bullet games. It's a format where we make really quick moves," he says, pausing to add, "Think of it like a super over in cricket."

2022 July 27, Srinivasa Ramanujam, “'Feels like a festival': Praggnanandhaa on Chess Olympiad and meeting Rajinikanth”, in The Hindu:

(chess, uncountable) Short for bullet chess.


passage

From French passager, from Italian passeggiare.

(dressage) A movement in classical dressage, in which the horse performs a very collected, energetic, and elevated trot that has a longer period of suspension between each foot fall than a working trot.


passage

en-verb

passage (third-person singular simple present passages, present participle passaging, simple past and past participle passaged)

passages (present singular third-person)
passaging (participle present)
passaged (participle past)
passaged (past)

After a spring or two, the horse passaged and reared, and lighting on a flat slab of rock which cropped up in the middle of the road, slipped sideways and fell with a loud crash […]

1915, Cunninghame Graham, Hope, page 18:

(intransitive, dressage) To execute a passage movement.


rein

From Middle English rein, reyne, from Anglo-Norman reyne, resne, from Early Medieval Latin retina, ultimately from Classical Latin retineō (“hold back”), from re- + teneō (“keep, hold”). Compare modern French rêne.
Displaced native Old English brīdel (“bridle, rein”), Old English wealdleþer, ġewealdleþer (“rein, bridle”, literally “control strap”), Old English sāl (“cord, rein”), Old English tyġel (“rein”), and Old English lādtēah, lāttēh (“leash, rein”).

A strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control a horse, animal or young child.

The government is attempting to keep a rein on rising prices.

Let their eyes rove without rein.

1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

(figurative) An instrument or means of curbing, restraining, or governing.


rein

From Anglo-Norman reines, Middle French reins, and their source, Latin rēnēs. Doublet of ren.

My reins rejoice, when thy lips speak right things.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Proverbs 23:16:

I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Revelation 2:23:

The inward impulses; the affections and passions, formerly supposed to be located in the area of the kidneys.


ham

Uncertain, though it is generally agreed upon that it first appeared in print around the 1880s. At least four theories persist:
* It came naturally from the word amateur. Deemed likely by Hendrickson (1997), but then the question would be why it took so long to pop up. He rejects the folk etymology of Cockney slang hamateur because it originated in American English.
* From the play Hamlet, where the title character was often played poorly and/or in an exaggerated manner. Also deemed likely by Hendrickson, though he raises the issue that the term would have likely been around earlier if this were case.
* From the minstrel's practice of using ham fat to remove heavy black makeup used during performances.
* Shortened from hamfatter (“inferior actor”), said to derive from the 1863 minstrel show song The Ham-fat Man. William and Mary Morris (1988) argue that it's not known whether the song inspired the term or the term inspired the song, but that they believe the latter is the case.


jaguar

/ˈd͡ʒæɡ.jʊə/

/ˈd͡ʒæɡ.juː.ə/

/ˈd͡ʒæɡ.juː.ɑː/

/ˈd͡ʒæɡ.wɑɹ/

/ˈd͡ʒæɡ.waɪɚ/

From Portuguese jaguar, from Old Tupi îagûara.

Panthera onca
Panthera onca#Translingual

A carnivorous spotted large cat native to South and Central America, Panthera onca.


sei

From sei whale, from Norwegian seihval, seikval, from sei (“pollock”) + hval (“whale”). Doublet of saithe.

Seis also feed by engulfing small schooling fish.

2005, Wayne Ledwell, Whales and Dolphins of Newfoundland and Labrador:


void

From Middle English voide, voyde, from Old French vuit, voide, vuide (modern vide), in turn from Vulgar Latin *vocitum, ultimately from Latin vacuus.

üreg

fluid mechanics: a pocket of vapour inside a fluid flow, created by cavitation

(materials science) A collection of adjacent vacancies inside a crystal lattice.

hézag

materials science: a collection of adjacent vacancies inside a crystal lattice

My little void is so sweet sometimes.

(Internet, humorous, endearing) A black cat.


void

Late on the final evening, as the customary ‘void’ – spiced wine and sweetmeats – was served, more elaborate disguisings in the great hall culminated in the release of a flock of white doves.

2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin, published 2012, page 68:


giraffe

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.?
Classical Persian سرنا
Proto-Indo-European *ped-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *pṓds
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pā́ts
Proto-Iranian *pā́dah
Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎭 (p-a-d)
Classical Persian پَا (pā)
Classical Persian زُرْنَاپَا (zurnāpā)bor.
Classical Syriac ܙܪܝܦܐbor.
Arabic زُرَافَة (zurāfa)bor.
Italian giraffabor.
Middle French giraffebor.
English giraffe
Borrowed from Middle French giraffe, from Italian giraffa. Displaced camelopard.

etymon

A ruminant, of the genus Giraffa, of the African savannah with long legs and highly elongated neck, which make it the tallest living animal; yellow fur patterned with dark spots, often in the form of a network; and two or more short, skin-covered horns, so-called; strictly speaking the horn-like projections are ossicones.


bishop

en-verb

bishop (third-person singular simple present bishops, present participle bishoping or bishopping, simple past and past participle bishoped or bishopped)

bishops (present singular third-person)
bishoping (participle present)
bishopping (participle present)
bishoped (participle past)
bishoped (past)
bishopped (participle past)
bishopped (past)

From Middle English bischop, bishop, bisshop, biscop, from Old English bisċop (“bishop”), from Proto-West Germanic *biskop, from Vulgar Latin (e)biscopus, from classical Latin episcopus (“overseer, supervisor”), from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos, “overseer”), from ἐπί (epí, “over”) + σκοπός (skopós, “watcher”), used in Greek and Latin both generally and as a title of civil officers. Cognate with all European terms for the position in various Christian churches; compare bisp.

der

1727, R. Bradley, Family Dict. at "Horse"
This way of making a Horse look young is... called Bishoping.

Bishopped, or To bishop. A term among horſe dealers, for burning the mark into a horſe's tooth, after he has loſt it by age... It is a common ſaying of milk that is burnt to, that the biſhop has fet his foot in it. Formerly, when a biſhop paſſed through a village, all the inhabitants ran out of their houſes to ſolicit his bleſſing, even leaving their milk, &c. on the fire, to take its chance; which, when burnt to, was ſaid to be biſhopped.

1788, A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, 2nd edition, Francis Grose:

I found his teeth had been filed down and bishoped with the greatest neatness and perfection.

1840, E. E. Napier, Scenes & Sports Foreign Lands, I. v. 138:

(by extension, of equestrianism) To make a horse seem younger, particularly by manipulation of its teeth.


okapi

[page 498, column 1] [I]n leading them [African Pygmies] back to the forests where they dwelt, I obtained much information from them on the subject of the horse-like animal which they called the "Okapi." […] [page 499, column 1] The coloration of the Okapi is quite extraordinary. […] The hind quarters, hind and fore legs are either snowy white or pale cream color, touched here and there with orange. They are boldly marked, however, with purple-black stripes and splodges, which give that zebra-like appearance to the limbs of the Okapi that caused the first imperfect account of it to indicate the discovery of a new striped horse.

1901 September, Harry [i.e., Henry] H[amilton] Johnston, “The Okapi: The Newly-discovered Beast Living in Central Africa”, in McClure’s Magazine, volume XVII, number 5, New York, N.Y., London: S[amuel] S[idney] McClure Co., →OCLC, pages 498 and 499:

Personally I esteem it a more fascinating and a more important task to investigate the relations of the Okapi with the Giraffe on the one hand, and its fossil relatives on the other.

1902 November 18, C[harles] I[mmanuel] Forsyth Major, “On a Specimen of the Okapi Lately Received at Brussels”, in Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, volume I, London: […] [Zoological] Society [of London]; Messrs. Longmans, Green, and Co., […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 344:

[O]ne day I quite modestly gave the dimensions of an okapi I had shot in the Lincolnshire fens. The Major turned a beautiful Tyrian scarlet (I remember thinking at the time that I should like my bathroom hung in that colour), and I think that at that moment he almost found it in his heart to dislike me.

1904, Saki [pseudonym; Hector Hugh Munro], “Reginald’s Christmas Revel”, in Reginald, London: Methuen & Co. […], →OCLC, page 98:

Dr. [Cuthbert] Christy adds his testimony to that of his predecessors in the same quest as to the "invisibility" of the okapi, whose markings and coloration—pace Colonel Theodore Roosevelt—so break up the surface of its large body and long legs as to cause it to fuse with the dark-brown, russet, while and yellow-white of the twigs and stems and leaf-stalks amongst which it moves. He also points out that the hoofs of the okapi are so closely pressed together that the footprint is almost like that of the single-toed donkey.

1915 August 26, H[enry] H[amilton] Johnston, “Life Habits of the Okapi”, in Nature: A Weekly Illustrated Journal of Science, volume 95, number 2391, London: Macmillan and Co.; New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 714, column 1:

I also took out a licence to shoot small game, costing fifty francs, which can be obtained on the spot, and under which I was able to shoot all kinds of game, excepting elephants, chimpanzis, gorillas and okapis.

1922 May, T[homas] Alexander Barns, “To the Game-haunted Solitudes of Ruchuru and Ruindi Plains”, in The Wonderland of the Eastern Congo: The Region of the Snow-crowned Volcanoes, the Pygmies, the Giant Gorilla and the Okapi, London, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC, page 99:

A large ruminant mammal, of species Okapia johnstoni, found in the rainforests of the Congo, related to the giraffe but with a much shorter neck, a reddish-brown coat, and zebra-like stripes on its hindquarters.


dag

From Middle English dagge, of uncertain (probably Germanic) origin, cognate with (Middle) Dutch dag, dagge, dagh. The sense "dangling lock of wool, matted with dung" (originally from the dialect of Kent) is also termed "daglock" (derived from the "hanging end" sense of "dag") or "daggle-lock" and some sources consider the sense a shortening of that longer word rather than a mere evolution of the "hanging end" sense.

A hanging end or shred, in particular a long pointed strip of cloth at the edge of a piece of clothing, or one of a row of decorative strips of cloth that may ornament a tent, booth or fairground.


dag

Perhaps a back-formation from daggy, or, a specialised sense of British dialect dag, a daring feat amongst boys.

(Australia slang, New Zealand, obsolete) An odd or eccentric person; someone who is a bit strange but amusingly so.


dag

Abbreviations
* Initialism of directed acyclic graph.
* Clipping of dagwood.

partial ordering relation
partial ordering relation

(graph theory) A directed acyclic graph; an ordered pair (V,E) such that E is a subset of some partial ordering relation on V.


dag

Mickey: Dags! D' ya like dags?

2000, Guy Ritchie, Snatch, quoted in, Miguel Á. Bernal-Merino, Translation and Localisation in Video Games: Making Entertainment Software Global, Routledge →ISBN, page 68

There it was again, that old Gaelic verb pronounced 'scriss,' that those involved in fighting talk apparently exuded on occasion. It could have been 'D'ya wanna buy a dag?' it was all the same.

2014, John P Brady, Back to the Gaff, Roadside Fiction, →ISBN, page 131:

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(chiefly Ireland) Pronunciation spelling of dog.


Persian

en-noun

Persian (countable and uncountable, plural Persians)

/ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/

From Middle English percynne, from Middle French persien, from Italian persiano, from Medieval Latin Persiānus, from Latin Persia, from Ancient Greek Περσίς (Persís), from Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿 (p-a-r-s /Pārsa/, “Persia”) (compare Early Classical Persian پارس (pārs) or modern Iranian Persian فارس (fârs), where the shift p > f. Equivalent to Persia + -ian.


milkshake

(slang, horse racing) An alkaline supplement administered to a horse to improve its racing performance.


milkshake

en-verb

milkshake (third-person singular simple present milkshakes, present participle milkshaking, simple past and past participle milkshaked)

milkshakes (present singular third-person)
milkshaking (participle present)
milkshaked (participle past)
milkshaked (past)

(transitive, slang, horse racing) To administer an alkaline supplement to (a horse) to improve its racing performance.


roadster

(UK, dated, slang) A hunter who keeps to the roads instead of following the hounds across country.


Brittany

Inherited from Middle English Bretany, Brytany, itself borrowed from Medieval Latin Britannia, applied to Brittany from at least the 6th century, and reinforced by Middle French Bretagne. See Britannia for more. Doublet of Britain and Britannia.

- - - No one has family names. These girls with rooster hair I see on the streets. They pick the names. They're the mothers." "I have a granddaughter named Brittany," Hazel said. " And I have heard of a little girl called Cappuccino." "Cappuccino! Is that true? Why don't they call one Cassaulet? Fettuccini? Alsace-Lorraine?"

1990, Alice Munro, Friend of My Youth, →ISBN, page 102:

Names of the times. Borrowed from soap opera characters of prominence fifteen years ago, who have since been replaced by spiffy new models: the social-climbing Brittany now an unscrupulous Burke, the generous Pamela a refitted, urbanized Parker.

1999, Andrew Pyper, chapter 10, in Lost Girls:

A female given name transferred from the place name, of 1980s and 1990s American usage.


fork

Sranan Tongo: forku

→ Dutch: fork

→ Japanese: フォーク (fōku)

→ Kannada: ಫೋರ್ಕ್ (phōrk)

→ Korean: 포크 (pokeu)

→ Maori: paoka

→ Tamil: போர்க் (pōrk)

→ Telugu: ఫోర్క్ (phōrk)

From Middle English forke (“digging fork”), from Old English force, forca (“forked instrument used to torture”), from Proto-West Germanic *furkō (“fork”), from Latin furca (“pitchfork, forked stake; gallows, beam, stake, support post, yoke”), of uncertain origin. The Middle English word was later reinforced by Anglo-Norman, Old Northern French forque (= Old French forche whence French fourche), also from the Latin. Cognate also with North Frisian forck (“fork”), Dutch vork (“fork”), Danish fork (“fork”), German Forke (“pitchfork”). Displaced native gafol, ġeafel, ġeafle (“fork”), from Old English.
In its primary sense of “fork”, Latin furca appears to be derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰerk(ʷ)-, *ǵʰerg(ʷ)- (“fork”), although the development of the -c- is difficult to explain. In other senses this derivation is unlikely. For these, perhaps it is connected to Proto-Germanic *furkaz, *firkalaz (“stake, stick, pole, post”), from Proto-Indo-European *perg- (“pole, post”). If so, this would relate the word to Old English forclas pl (“bolt”), Old Saxon ferkal (“lock, bolt, bar”), Old Norse forkr (“pole, staff, stick”), Norwegian fork (“stick, bat”), Swedish fork (“pole”).

tienhaara

figurative: point in time of making a decision

afsplitsing

computer science: splitting of a process

odnož

computer science: copying and separately developing a project

bifurcació

computer science: a separately developed project based upon a copy of an existing project

a three-prong spear somewhat resembling a pitchfork

The upper front brow of a saddle bow, connected in the tree by the two saddle bars to the cantle on the other end.


laughing hyena

Crocuta crocuta
Crocuta crocuta#Translingual

(informal) The spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta); so called because of the resemblance of its call to human laughter.


buffle

From Middle French buffle. Doublet of bubale and buffalo.

[the Malayan tongue word list] An Oxe or Buffle: Cambi

1634, T[homas] H[erbert], A Relation of Some Yeares Trauaile, Begunne Anno 1626. into Afrique and the Greater Asia, […], London: […] William Stansby, and Jacob Bloome, →OCLC:


buffle

en-verb

buffle (third-person singular simple present buffles, present participle buffling, simple past and past participle buffled)

buffles (present singular third-person)
buffling (participle present)
buffled (participle past)
buffled (past)


must

must (third-person singular simple present must, no present participle, simple past must, no past participle)

must (present singular third-person)
must (past)

From Middle English moste ("must", literally, "had to", the past tense of Middle English moten (“to have to”)), from Old English mōste (“had to”), 1st & 3rd person singular past tense of mōtan (“to be allowed, be able to, have the opportunity to, be compelled to, must, may”), from Proto-Germanic *mōtaną. Cognate with Dutch moest (“had to”), German musste (“had to”), Swedish måste (“must, have to, be obliged to”). More at mote.

gloss

"must", literally, "had to", the past tense of Middle English <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">moten</i> (“to have to”)

cog

the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must

You must arrive in class on time. (the requirement is an imperative)

This door handle must be rotated fully. (the requirement is a directive, necessary to operate the handle)

Arise, and go into the city, and it shall be told thee what thou must do.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 9:6:

en:modal auxiliary, for requirement, necessity, etc

(modal auxiliary, defective) To do as a requirement; indicates that the sentence subject is required as an imperative or directive to execute the sentence predicate, with failure to do so resulting in a failure or negative consequence.

...なければならない (...nakereba naranai) (conditional negative form + "naranai")

...なくてはいけない (...nakutewa ikenai) (conditional negative form + "ikenai")

...ないと駄目だ (...nai to dame da) (conditional negative form + "dame da")

futurus sum

use a verb in the periphrastic conjugations

If it has rained all day, it must be very wet outside.

You picked one of two, and it wasn't the first: it must have been the second.

en:modal auxiliary, for probability or certainty about past event

(modal auxiliary, defective) To do with certainty; indicates that the speaker is certain that the subject will have executed the predicate.


must

en-noun

must (countable and uncountable, plural musts)

From Middle English must, from Old English must and Old French must, most, both from Latin mustum.

No sweet grape lies hidden here in the shade of its vine-leaves,
No fermenting must fills and o'erflows the deep vats.

c. 1874, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Ovid in Exile:

Fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes.

musht

fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes


vulpine

Borrowed from Latin vulpīnus (“foxy, fox-like”), from vulpēs, earlier volpēs (“fox”), from Proto-Indo-European *wl(o)p- (“fox”). Cognate with Welsh llywarn (“fox”), Ancient Greek ἀλώπηξ (alṓpēx), Armenian աղուէս (aġuēs), Albanian dhelpër, Lithuanian vilpišỹs (“wildcat”), Sanskrit लोपाश (lopāśa, “jackal, fox”).

The family Canidae consists of two main subgroups, the vulpines (foxes) and the canines (wolves, coyotes, jackals, and dogs), and some intermediate “fox-dog” forms from South America.

1980, Michael Wilson Fox, The Soul of the Wolf, unnumbered page:

Any of certain canids called foxes (including true foxes, arctic foxes and grey foxes), distinguished from canines, which are regarded as similar to dogs and wolves.