jade

From Middle English jade, chade, either a variant of yaud or merely influenced by it. Yaud derives from Old Norse jalda (“mare”), from a Uralic language, such as Moksha эльде (elde) or Erzya эльде (elde). See yaud for more.

Shee hath more qualities then a Water-Spaniell, […] Shee can fetch and carry: why a horſe can doe no more; nay, a horſe cannot fetch, but onely carry, therefore is ſhee better then a Iade.

c. 1590–1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 30, column 2:

[F]requent jot / Of his hard ſetting jade did ſo confound / The vvords that he by papyr-ſtealth had got, / That their loſt ſenſe the youngſter could not ſound, / Though he vvith mimical attention did abound.

1640 (date written), H[enry] M[ore], “ΨΥΧΟΖΩΙΑ [Psychozōia], or A Christiano-platonicall Display of Life, […]”, in ΨΥΧΩΔΙΑ [Psychōdia] Platonica: Or A Platonicall Song of the Soul, […], Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Roger Daniel, printer to the Universitie, published 1642, →OCLC, book 2, stanza 47, page 26:

Let that be as it may, as my purpoſe is to do exact juſtice to every creature brought upon the ſtage of this dramatic work,—I could not ſtifle this diſtinction in favour of Don Quixote’s horſe;—in all other points the parſon’s horſe, I ſay, was juſt ſuch another,—for he was as lean, and as lank, and as ſorry a jade, as Humility herſelf could have beſtrided.

1759, [Laurence Sterne], chapter X, in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, 2nd (1st London) edition, volume I, London: […] R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley […], published 1760, →OCLC, page 36:

My horse would have trotted to Clifton within the hour, if left to himself, and I have almost broke my arm with pulling him in to that cursed broken-winded jade’s pace.

1803 (date written), [Jane Austen], chapter X, in Northanger Abbey; published in Northanger Abbey: And Persuasion. […], volume I, London: John Murray, […], 20 December 1817 (indicated as 1818), →OCLC, page 201:

The king had no other horse to give him but an old jade, for his six brothers and their men had taken all the other horses, but Ashiepattle did not mind that; he mounted the shabby old nag.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H. L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 55:


Devon

From Old English Defenas, which meant both "Devonians" and "Devon," exemplifying the common Anglo-Saxon practice of naming a place after the people who inhabit it.

Any of a number of places in US and Canada.

An unincorporated community in New Castle County, Delaware, United States.

New Castle County
New Castle County#English

An unincorporated community in Mingo County, West Virginia, United States.


vampire

desc

ভ্যাম্পায়ার

→ Bengali: ভ্যাম্পায়ার (bhêmpaẏar)

→ Irish: vaimpír

→ Japanese: ヴァンパイア (vanpaia), バンパイア (banpaia)

→ Marathi: व्हॅम्पायर (vhĕmpāyar)

→ Thai: แวมไพร์ (wɛm-paai)

→ Scottish Gaelic: bhampair

→ Swahili: vampiri

→ Turkish: vampir

→ Welsh: fampir

From French vampire, from German Vampir, via Hungarian from a Slavic word, probably Serbo-Croatian вампир (vàmpīr), proposed to be a variant of unattested *upir, from Proto-Slavic *ǫpyrь, q.v. Compare Russian упы́рь (upýrʹ), Polish upiór, Polish wąpierz, etc. Doublet of oupire.

[I]n the Village of Medreyga in Hungary, certain dead Bodies (call'd there Vampyres) had kill'd several Persons by sucking out all their Blood: That Arnold Paul, an Heyduke, having kill'd four Persons after he was dead, his Body was taken up 40 Days after, which bled at the Nose, Mouth and Ears: That, according to Custom, they drove a Stake thro' his Heart, at which he gave horrid Groan, and lost a great deal of Blood. And that all such as have been tormented or kill'd by Vampyres, become Vampyres when they are dead.

1732 May 20, The London Journal, page 76, column 1:

The universal belief is, that a person sucked by a vampyre becomes a vampyre himself, and sucks in his turn.

1819, John William Polidori, The Vampyre, London: Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, page xxi:

From my laboratory in the Castle east
To the master bedroom, where the vampires feast
The ghouls all came from their humble abodes
To get a jolt from my electrodes
They did the Mash
They did the Monster Mash.

1962, “Monster Mash”, Bobby "Boris" Pickett and Lenny Capizzi (lyrics), performed by Bobby (Boris) Pickett and The Crypt-Kickers:

I'm a vampire, baby, sucking blood from the earth / Well, I'm a vampire, baby, sell you twenty barrels worth

1974, Neil Young (lyrics and music), “Vampire Blues”, in On the Beach:

A mythological creature (usually humanoid and undead) said to feed on the blood or life energy of the living.

مَصَّاص دِمَاء

maṣṣāṣ dimāʔ

(colloquial) A person with the medical condition Porphyria cutanea tarda, colloquially known as vampirism, with effects such as photosensitivity and brownish-red stained teeth.

(figurative, derogatory) A person who drains one's time, energy, money, etc.

Vampire. Vampire. Vampire. Battle stations.

anti-ship missile
anti-ship missile#English

(US naval jargon) Synonym of anti-ship missile (ASM), particularly an incoming hostile one.


pariah

From Tamil பறையர் (paṟaiyar), from பறையன் (paṟaiyaṉ, “drummer”), from பறை (paṟai, “drum”) or from Malayalam പറയർ (paṟayaṟ), from പറയൻ (paṟayaṉ, “drummer”), from പറ (paṟa, “drum”). Parai in Tamil or Para in Malayalam refers to a type of large drum designed to announce the king’s notices to the public. The people who made a living using the parai were called paraiyar; in the caste-based society they were in the lower strata, hence the derisive paraiah and pariah. Alternatively, derived from Sanskrit पर (para, “distant; outsider”).

(zoology) Ellipsis of pariah dog: an Indian breed, any stray dog in Indian contexts.


woofer

A loudspeaker that produces low-frequency sound.


woofer

On the Big Island, for example, many samll. farming operations depend on unpaid labor such as 'woofers', to fulfill their labour needs cheaply. Woofers are those who labour on organic farms within the World Organization of Organic Farms (WOOF) Network.

2016, Marlyne Sahakian, Czarina Saloma, Suren Erkman, Food Consumption in the City, page 118:


fleece

en-noun

fleece (countable and uncountable, plural fleeces)

From Middle English flees, flese, flus, fleos, from Old English flēos, flīes, flȳs, from Proto-West Germanic *fleus.

The fine web of cotton or wool removed by the doffing knife from the cylinder of a carding machine.


megachiropteran

(zoology) A fruit bat of suborder Megachiroptera.


brumby

Unknown; perhaps from James Brumby, early Australian soldier and pastoralist, who is said to have left horses at his abandoned property.

I'm too weak to ride. I'd have to ride, because for one thing the white-ants have eaten the wheels of my buckboard, and my one cart-horse has gone bush with the brumbies.

1938, Xavier Herbert, chapter VIII, in Capricornia, page 125:

"It could mean one of two things," he said. "Either that help is coming, or that a herd of wild brumbies is passing somewhere near."

1943, H. Lorna Bingham, The Lost Tribe, Sydney: Winn and Co., page 31, column 2:

He captures brumbies, the wild horses of the outback, running them down on motorcycles and shipping them to the city where they are butchered for pet food.

If the latter situation prevails, brumbies can be developed into valuable stockhorses, either for use on the local property or for sale in other areas.
Whatever the condition of a captured brumby, there is always the potential of selling it for pet food, fish bait, or even for human consumption.

1976, Tom Lee McKnight, Friendly Vermin: A Survey of Feral Livestock in Australia, page 17:

Harry Farquharson said there were two or three springs and that the horses were “bloody wild”. He said there were probably about 300 and they were good horses, a long way above the average brumby.


cross country

cross country (countable and uncountable, plural cross countries or cross countrys)

cross countries (plural)
cross countrys (plural)

(sports) A running sport popular in US high schools, colleges, etc., where participants race over varying terrain (e.g. golf courses, roads, etc.) in approximately 5- to 10-kilometre races. Abbreviated XC.

A phase of the equestrian sport of three day eventing, which the horse and rider travel over varied terrain and jump natural obstacles.

(countable) Flight between two points or aerodromes using navigational techniques.


howler

From howl + -er. Some senses are derivatives of the intensifier "howling", as in "howling wilderness", (Deuteronomy 32:10)

Our hansom came a howler.

(slang) A serious accident (especially to come a howler or go a howler; compare come a cropper).


horsey

When he got in the house, if I'd left him to read his newspaper in quiet, then he'd play horsey with me, riding me around the house on his back; I'd put a pillow on his back for my saddle

When you get down on the floor and play “horsey”, you are giving yourself a heck of a workout – and it is fun for the kids!

2003, Bill Phillips, Eating for Life: Your Guide to Great Health, Fat Loss and Increased Energy:


chaser

Inherited from Middle English chaser, chacer, chasour, borrowed from Old French chaceür, chaceor, from chacier (“to chase, hunt”); later senses from or influenced by chase (“pursue”) + -er. Doublet of chasseur.

преследва́ч

person or thing (ship, plane, car, etc.) who chases

"[I]t looked like The Fellow was the best steeplechaser in many years. He'd earned the best speed rating I'd ever given a chaser."

2002, Nick Mordin, Betting for a Living, page 351:

"Wild Risk...had his greatest successes as a steeplechaser rather than a flat racer... It is rare indeed that a 'chaser - even one as good as wild risk - makes a good flat sire."

2003, Avalyn Hunter, American Classic Pedigrees 1914-2002, page 458:

Oh, that final furlong! It can be both agony and ecstasy. Anyone who doubts that should have seen the television close-up of Jim Lewis as his great chaser Best Mate came up the final hill at Cheltenham in 2004 to clich a hat-trick of Gold Cups. ... Best mate is the best steeplechaser we have seen for years and all being well will be at the Cheltenham Festival again in 2005 to try and make it four Gold Cups.

2004, Sports Ticket: Live the Action! by Sportsfile, page 179

(equestrianism) A horse trained for steeplechasing; a steeplechaser.

(equestrianism, obsolete) A hunter (a horse bred and trained for use in hunting).


chaser

From chase (“groove; decorate metal”) + -er.

bow chaser; stern chaser


beater

From Middle English beter, betere, bettere, from Old English bēatere (“a beater; boxer, fighter; champion”), equivalent to beat + -er. Related to beetle (“a type of mallet”).

inh

In the sport Quidditch or Muggle quidditch, a player a who attempts to hit the opposing team's players with bludgers and to block the bludgers from hitting their own team's players.


swine

From Middle English swyn, swin, from Old English swīn, from Proto-West Germanic *swīn, from Proto-Germanic *swīną, from an adjectival form of Proto-Indo-European *suH- (“pig”). By surface analysis, sow + -en.
Cognates
Related to West Frisian swyn, Low German Swien, Dutch zwijn, German Schwein, Danish and Swedish svin, and more distantly to Polish świnia, Russian свинья́ (svinʹjá), Latin sūinus, Latin sūs, Ancient Greek ὗς (hûs), Persian خوک (xuk).

A pig (the animal).
The Zimmerman farm introduced swine to their husbandry.


vampire bat

I noticed a peculiarity which distinguished these bats from any others with which I had come in contact (and on the Rio Negro my experiences in this respect had been ghastly and terrible: men wither and die there from nightly visitations of vampire bats).

1930, Sax Rohmer, The Day the World Ended, published 1969, page xix. 172:

Any of the three small bats of the subfamily Desmodontinae, native to Central and South America, which use their teeth to cut the skin of larger animals while they are asleep and surreptitiously drink blood, their sole source of food.


fruit bat

Any of several tropical fruit-eating bats of the family Pteropodidae; a megabat.

flying fox

flying fox; ambiguous, some sources limit the term to the genera Pteropus and Acerodon within Pteropodidae


kine

(television) Short for kinescope (“type of recording”).


mona

Cercopithecus mona, a West African monkey.


place

en-noun

place (countable and uncountable, plural places)

Pijin: ples

Tok Pisin: ples

From Middle English place, conflation of Old English plæċe (“place, an open space, street”) and Old French place (“place, an open space”), both from Latin platea (“plaza, wide street”), from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa), shortening of πλατεῖα ὁδός (plateîa hodós, “broad way”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“to spread”), extended form of *pleh₂- (“flat”). Displaced native Old English stōw, stede, and -ern. Compare also English pleck (“plot of ground”), West Frisian plak (“place, spot, location”), Dutch plek (“place, spot, patch”). Doublet of piatza, piazza, and plaza.

pleace

some English dialects: 18th–19th centuries; Scots: until the 17th century

all over the place like a mad woman's custard

lightning does not strike twice in the same place

lightning doesn't strike twice in the same place

lightning never strikes twice in the same place

there is a place and time for everything

there is a time and place for everything

there's a time and a place for everything

to win a bet on a horse for place

(social) A responsibility or position in an organization.

(horse racing) The position of first, second, or third at the finish, especially the second position.


equine

Learned borrowing from Latin equīnus (“of or pertaining to horses”).

lbor

Any horse or horse-like animal, especially one of the genus Equus.


horsy

(childish or endearing) A child's term or name for a horse.


girth

en-noun

girth (countable and uncountable, plural girths)

From Middle English girth, gerth, gyrth, from Old Norse gjǫrð, from Proto-Germanic *gerdō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰerdʰ- (“to encircle, enclose; belt”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌰 (gairda), Icelandic gjörð. Also related to German Gurt, English gird, Albanian ngërthej (“to tie, bind, fasten”).

cog

He was standing on the offside of his horse, holding up the flap of his saddle, with the surcingle loosened, and was pointing to the girths. Close to their attachment to the saddle they had been almost cut through with a knife.

1929, Baldwyn Dyke Acland, chapter 8, in Filibuster:

A band passed under the belly of an animal, which holds a saddle or a harness saddle in place.

palldëm

A band or strap passed under an animal to hold a saddle in place


gerbil

en-verb

gerbil (third-person singular simple present gerbils, present participle gerbilling or gerbiling, simple past and past participle gerbilled or gerbiled)

gerbils (present singular third-person)
gerbilling (participle present)
gerbiling (participle present)
gerbilled (participle past)
gerbilled (past)
gerbiled (participle past)
gerbiled (past)

From French gerbille, from Latin gerbo, from Arabic جَرْبُوع (jarbūʕ) or يَرْبُوع (yarbūʕ, “jerboa”). Doublet of jerboa.

(intransitive, slang) To insert a small animal (typically a gerbil, supposedly) into one's rectum (a sexual practice in urban myth).


tumbler

A beverage cup, typically made of stainless steel, that is broad at the top and narrow at the bottom commonly used in India.


onager

From Middle English onager, onagir (“wild ass; military catapult”), from Anglo-Norman onager, Middle French onager, onagre, Old French onager, onagre (“wild ass; military catapult”) (modern French onagre), from Late Latin onager (“large siege engine”), Latin onager (“wild ass”), from Hellenistic Ancient Greek ὄναγρος (ónagros, “wild ass”), Byzantine Ancient Greek ὄναγρος (ónagros, “large siege engine”), from ὄνος (ónos, “ass”) + ἄγριος (ágrios, “wild”) (from ᾰ̓γρός (ăgrós, “countryside; field”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”)) + -ῐος (-ĭos, suffix forming adjectives)).
The “military engine” sense alludes to the strong recoil of the engine, likened to an onager’s kick; see the 2007 quotation.

der

[I]f the czigithai is not the ſame with the zebra, it may be the Aſiatic animal called onager or wild aſs. The onager ſhould not be confounded with the zebra; but I am uncertain whether the ſame remark is applicable to the onager and czigithai; for, from comparing the relations of travellers, it appears, that there are different kinds of wild aſſes, of which the onager is the moſt remarkable. […] The ſwiftneſs of the onager is mentioned by travellers, who remark, that he runs with ſuch rapidity as to eſcape the hunters, though mounted on horſes; […]

1785, Count de Buffon [i.e., Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon], “The Zebra. [Supplement.]”, in William Smellie, transl., Natural History, General and Particular, … Translated into English. […], 2nd edition, volume VI, London: Printed for W[illiam] Strahan and T[homas] Cadell, […], →OCLC, page 275:

The onager, or wild aſs, is ſeen in ſtill greater abundance than the wild horſe; and the peculiarities of its kind are more diſtinctly marked than in thoſe of the tame one.

1791, Oliver Goldsmith, “Of the Ass”, in An History of the Earth, and Animated Nature. […], new edition, volume II, London: […] F[rancis] Wingrave, successor to Mr. [John] Nourse, […], →OCLC, page 345:

One of the onagers, however, having hurt its leg, could not be harnessed at present, and a few days' rest was necessary.

1875, Jules Verne, chapter VI, in W[illiam] H[enry] G[iles] Kingston [actually Agnes Kinloch Kingston], transl., The Mysterious Island: The Secret of the Island: Translated from the French, volume III, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low, & Searle […], →OCLC, pages 82–83:

Equus hemionus
Equus hemionus#Translingual

Equus hemionus onager
Equus hemionus onager#Translingual

The Asiatic wild ass or hemione (Equus hemionus), an animal of the horse family native to Asia; specifically, the Persian onager, Persian wild ass, or Persian zebra (Equus hemionus onager).


quagga

From Dutch quagga (whence also Afrikaans kwagga), from a Khoisan term, probably Haiǁom, Khoekhoe ǁkoaah, apparently of imitative origin.

I saw a rhinoceros, buffalo (a large herd), eland, quagga, and sable antelope, the most beautiful of all the bucks, not to mention many smaller varieties of game, and three ostriches which scudded away at our approach like white drift before a gale.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

A southern-African subspecies of plains zebra, Equus quagga quagga, which went extinct in 1883. The upper parts of the animal were reddish brown, becoming paler behind and beneath, while the face, neck, and fore part of the body were marked by dark stripes.


quoll

From the earlier form je-quoll, from Guugu Yimidhirr dhigul. Recorded by Banks but then virtually forgotten for 150 years, with the term native cat used instead. Today readopted and gaining in popularity.

Any of the various carnivorous marsupials of the genus Dasyurus found in Australia and New Guinea, roughly the size of a cat.

دصيور

carnivorous marsupial of the genus Dasyurus


quitter

From Middle English quitter, from Anglo-Norman quiture, quyture et al., specialised use of quiture (“burn mark, burning”), from the participle stem of cuire (“to cook”), or from Latin coctura (“cooking”).

(farriery) Alternative spelling of quittor (“fistulous wound at the top of a horse's foot”)


Channel Island fox

en-noun

Channel Island fox (plural Channel Island foxes)

Urocyon littoralis
Urocyon littoralis#Translingual

A fox of species Urocyon littoralis, native to the Channel Islands off the coast of California. Each of the six largest islands in the chain has its own native subspecies of fox.


waag

The grivet (an African monkey) - Chlorocebus aethiops


aye-aye

From French aye-aye, from Malagasy aiay (also ahay, haihay or hay-hay in dialect), supposedly imitative of the animal's cry. However, this is doubted by Simons and Myers (2001) who note that the animal does not emit such a sound. They suggest a derivation from Malagasy heh heh (“I don't know”), used by the Malagasy people to avoid naming the animal, which they fear.

The other of these aberrant forms is the cheiromys, or aye-aye, which, from the peculiar form of its two lower front teeth, has been ranged with the Rodentia. In the general character, however, it is essentially a lemur; […]

1849, “Order II.—Quadrumana, [from the Latin, quatuor, four, and manus, hand; four-handed.]”, in D[avid] M[eredith] Reese, editor, Elements of Zoology; or, Natural History of Animals. From the Last Edinburgh Edition (Chambers' Educational Course; [no. 6]), 3rd American edition, New York, N.Y.: Published by A[lfred] S[mith] Barnes & Co. No. 51 John Street; Cincinnati, Oh.: H. W. Derby & Co., →OCLC, page 57:

Of the other members of this group, the Aye Aye (Cheiromys), the Tarsier (Tarsius), the Propithecus, the Indri (Lichanotus), and the Cheirogaleus, are desiderata of which we can only hope to become possessed by the future exertions of zoologists who may obtain access to the countries in which they live.

1858, D[avid] W[illiam] Mitchell, Guide to the Gardens of the Zoological Society of London, London: Bradbury and Evans, 11, Bouverie Street, and at the [Zoological] Society [of London]'s Gardens in the Regent's Park, →OCLC, page 41:

Refer the following to their respective orders and families:—anteater, ayeaye, canary, cinchilla, dodo, flamingo, flying fox, giraffe, hornbill, lyre bird, mole, paradise bird, porpoise, swift, walrus.

1864, Edward P[ercival] Wright, “Moderatorships in Experimental and Natural Science[: Zoology]”, in Dublin Examination Papers: Being a Supplement to the University Calendar for the Year 1864, Dublin: Printed at the University Press, Hodges, Smith, & Co., Grafton-Street, booksellers to the University; London: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, & Green, →OCLC, page 228:

The true position of that very rare animal the Aye-aye, seems very doubtful, some naturalists placing it in the position which it occupies in this work, and others, such as [Jan] [v]an der Hoeven, considering it to form a link between the monkeys and the rodent animals. […] It is probable that the natural food of the Aye-aye, like that of the preceding animals, is of a mixed character, and that it eats fruit and insects indiscriminately. In captivity it usually fed on boiled rice, which it picked up in minute portions, like Amine in the "Arabian Nights," using, however, its slender fingers in lieu of the celebrated bodkin with which she made her mock meal.

1865, J[ohn] G[eorge] Wood, “Quadrumana; or, The Monkey Tribe”, in The Illustrated Natural History, volume I (Mammalia), London: George Routledge and Sons, Broadway, Ludgate Hill; New York, 129, Grand Street, →OCLC, page 110:

He does look a bit odd, what with those parachute ears and the round, mad, yellow, staring pop-eyes and the oversize forepaws hung so awkwardly close to his chest. He's named the aye-aye, which probably does not improve the image. But he's a lemur, hence a primate and a cousin to man. A resident of Madagascar, he is threatened with extinction; there are no more than 50 aye-ayes in all the world.

1968 May 24, Michael Mok, “The Aye-Aye, Man’s Imperiled Cousin”, in George P. Hunt, editor, Life, volume 64, number 21, Chicago, Ill.: Time, Inc., →ISSN, →OCLC, page 102, column 1:

The lemur Daubentonia madagascariensis, a solitary nocturnal quadruped found in Madagascar and remarkable for its long fingers, sharp nails, and rodent-like incisor teeth.

International Union for Conservation of Nature


piper

From Middle English piper, pipere; equivalent to pipe + -er. Piecewise doublet of fifer.

A common European gurnard (Trigla lyra), having a large head, with prominent nasal projection, and with large, sharp, opercular spines.


geep

A sheep–goat hybrid, an animal with DNA from a goat and from a sheep, whether produced artificially or by natural intermating.


leopardess

It was the story of the wicked leopardess who wanted to eat the young lambs of her old friend the sheep.

1963, Chinua Achebe, No Longer at Ease, Penguin Classics (2010), page 47:


tanuki

Borrowed from Japanese 狸(たぬき) (tanuki, “raccoon dog”).

At my onboarding, I was told that one of GitHub's employees identified as a tanuki, a Japanese raccoon dog—this was fine.

2023 May 28, Nadia Asparouhova, “Remembering GitHub's Office, a Monument to Tech Culture”, in Wired, →ISSN:

Nyctereutes procyonoides
Nyctereutes procyonoides#Translingual

The raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides.


capel

From Old Norse [Term?] (whence Icelandic kapall), from Latin caballus.

(obsolete) Alternative spelling of caple (horse)


capel

(mining) A composite stone (quartz, schorl, and hornblende) in the walls of tin and copper lodes.


jharal

Hemitragus jemlahicus
Hemitragus jemlahicus#Translingual

The Himalayan tahr, Hemitragus jemlahicus ( <= Capra jemlaica).


porcupine

From Middle English porke despyne, from Old French porc-espin, from Latin porcus (“pig”) + spinus (“spine”), hence also spine pig. Cognate with Spanish puercoespín, Italian porcospino, Portuguese porco-espinho.

I have no evidence of grizzlies killing porcupines or vice versa. However, occasionally there is contact and sometimes a grizzly is injured or a porcupine killed, but the latter is rare.

1981, Adolph Murie, The Grizzlies of Mount McKinley, page 218:

In particular, porcupines, hyenas, and leopards are known in Africa to transport bones to particular places.

2010, Richard Potts, Early Hominid Activities at Olduvai, page 81:

Old World porcupines (Hystricidae) have quills embedded in clusters, whereas in New World porcupines (Erethizontidae) single quills are interspersed with bristles, underfur, and hair. No porcupine can throw its quills, but they detach easily and will remain embedded in an attacker.

2011, John P. Rafferty, Rats, Bats, and Xenarthrans, page 113:

Any of several rodents of either of the taxonomic families Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) or Erethizontidae (New World porcupines), both from the infraorder Hystricognathi, noted for their sharp spines or quills, which are raised when the animal is attacked or surprised.

spine pig

any species of Hystricidae or Erethizontidae

Porcupine Mountains Wilderness State Park


Schomburgk's deer

Schomburgk's deer (plural Schomburgk's deer)

Named after Sir Robert H. Schomburgk, British consul in Bangkok from 1857 to 1864.

An extinct deer (†Rucervus schomburgki) once native to south-east Asia, having a dark brown coat and lighter belly, a short mane and basket-like antlers in the male.


beak

beak (countable and uncountable, plural beaks)

From Middle English bec, borrowed from Anglo-Norman bec, Old French bec, from Latin beccus, from Gaulish *bekkos, from Proto-Celtic *bekkos (“beak, snout”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bak-, *baḱ- (“pointed stick, peg”). Cognate with Breton beg (“beak”). Compare Saterland Frisian Bäk (“mouth; muzzle; beak”); Dutch bek (“beak; bill; neb”).


cavy

From obsolete Portuguese çavia (“the spiny rat, Makalata armate, Echimys armata”) (modern saviá, sauiá), from Old Tupi saujá.


chimp

en-verb

chimp (third-person singular simple present chimps, present participle chimping, simple past and past participle chimped)

chimps (present singular third-person)
chimping (participle present)
chimped (participle past)
chimped (past)

(derogatory, offensive, slang, of black people) Clipping of chimp out.


chimpanzee

The first recorded use of the name chimpanzee dates to 1738.
The name is derived from an unspecified Bantu language of Angola (compare Vili ci-mpenzi), probably brought to the English language via French chimpanzé.

Holonym: chimpkind

Pan troglodytes
Pan troglodytes#Translingual

Pan troglodytes, a species of great ape in the genus Pan, native to Africa, and believed by biologists to be the closest extant relative to humans along with the bonobo.


granny

The suitcase was old. The brown leather was battered and scuffed. Two hanks of clothesline had been wrapped around it and tied in large, clownish grannies.

1977, Stephen King, Children of the Corn:


agouti

From French agouti, from Old Tupi akuti. The name of the acouchi is probably from the same source.

Akin looked around to be certain he was unobserved, then went out to watch the agouti. He had not seen one close up before. Lilith claimed they looked like a cross between deer and rats.

1988, Octavia E. Butler, “Part II, Chapter 6”, in Adulthood Rites, page 99:

A rodent similar in appearance to a guinea pig but having longer legs, of the genus Dasyprocta.

agoeti

a rodent similar in appearance to a guinea pig but having longer legs


dik-dik

Imitative of the sound made by the animal when alarmed.

A small antelope of the genus Madoqua, native to southern and eastern Africa, having an elongated snout, a brown or grey/gray coat with a white belly, and an upright tuft on the crown.


kudu

Ultimately Khoekhoe kudu-b, through Afrikaans koedoe and French koudou.

Martha, on a hot, wet, steamy afternoon, had spent two hours wriggling on her stomach through the undergrowth to reach a point where she might shoot a big koodoo that was grazing in a corner of the Hundred Acres.

1952, Doris Lessing, Martha Quest, Panther, published 1974, page 72:

I watched from a distance as rangers left a kudu carcass to entice the lions to walk through the gates.

2004 December 4, Beverley Fearis, The Guardian:

A large, striped, African antelope of the species Tragelaphus imberbis (lesser kudu) or Tragelaphus strepsiceros (greater kudu).

koedoe

Tragelaphus imberbis or Tragelaphus strepsiceros


klipspringer

Borrowed from Afrikaans klipspringer, from Dutch klipspringer, both literally meaning "rock-jumper".

A small antelope native to eastern and southern Africa having a dense, brown, speckled coat (Oreotragus oreotragus).


springbok

en-noun

springbok (plural springbok or springboks)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-springbok.wav

Borrowed from Afrikaans springbok, from Dutch springbok, from springen (“to jump, spring”) + bok (“buck, billy goat, antelope”).

A small, fast antelope native to southern Africa, Antidorcas marsupialis.


marsupial

From Latin marsupium, marsuppium (“pouch, purse”), from Ancient Greek μαρσύπιον (marsúpion) or μαρσύππιον (marsúppion), variants of μαρσίππιον (marsíppion), diminutive of μάρσιππος (mársippos, “bag, pouch”); with English -al.

der

Any member of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia, including those where the female has a pouch in which it rears its young through early infancy, such as kangaroos, koalas, wombats and opossums, as well as the pouchless shrew opossums.

buideldier

mammal of which the female typically has a pouch


mink

From Late Middle English mynk (“fur of the European mink”), apparently from Swedish mink, mänk, menk (“stinking animal in Finland, mink”). Compare Danish mink (“mink”), Icelandic minkur (“mink”).

der

The Minx […] frequents the water like the Otter, and very much reſembles it in ſhape and color, but is leſs; will abide longer under the water than the muſk quaſh, muſk rat, or little beaver: […]

1771, Thomas Pennant, quoting John Bartram, “Otter”, in Synopsis of Quadrupeds, Chester, Cheshire: […] J. Monk, →OCLC, page 240:

[Friday 7.] I ſhot three brace of grouſe, and found a mink in one of the traps which I tailed yesterday. [Saturday 8.] The ſame trap caught another mink to-day.

1792, George Cartwright, “The First Voyage”, in A Journal of Transactions and Events, during a Residence of nearly Sixteen Years on the Coast of Labrador; […] In Three Volumes, volume I, Newark, Peterborough: Printed and sold by Allin and Ridge; […], →OCLC, page 33:

Many of these birds are destroyed by Weasels and Minxes.

1831, John James Audubon, “The Great Carolina Wren. Troglodytes ludovicianus, Ch. Bonaparte. […]”, in Ornithological Biography, or An Account of the Habits of the Birds of the United States of America; […], Edinburgh: Adam Black, […], →OCLC, page 401:

He also said that minks, muskrats, foxes, coons, and wild mice were found there, but no squirrels.

1865, Henry David Thoreau, “The Sea and the Desert”, in Cape Cod, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 187:

The Mink, so highly valued for its fur, being an amphibious animal, is equally at home upon the land or in the water. […] The relentlessness with which trapping has been pursued has threatened, in some localities, the extermination of the Mink, and the legislature of at least one State has properly made it punishable by fine to kill a mink between the months of March and November following.

1873 March, O. S. Bayley, “Trapping the Mink”, in American Agriculturist: For the Farm, Garden, and Household, volume XXXII, number 3 (New Series; number 314 overall), New York, N.Y.: Orange Judd Company […], →OCLC, page 93, column 1:

Scientists are wondering if otters might help control the mink. Otters live in the same habitats that American mink do. They like to be near water, just as mink do. They also eat the same foods that mink eat.

2008, Susan H. Gray, “Scrambled Eggs”, in American Mink (Animal Invaders), Ann Arbor, Mich.: Cherry Lake Publishing, →ISBN, page 26:

Neovison vison
Neovison vison#Translingual

Mustela lutreola
Mustela lutreola#Translingual

(plural mink or minks) Any of various semi-aquatic, carnivorous mammals in the Mustelinae subfamily, similar to weasels, with dark fur, native to Europe and America, of which two species in different genera are extant: the American mink (Neovison vison) and the European mink (Mustela lutreola).

At one point, money was stolen from one of the bedrooms. […] Afte that, the family employees were often tested. [Katherine] Jackson would leave the alarm on the closet unarmed, the one in which she kept her minks, chinchillas, and other expensive furs.

2010, J[ohn] Randy Taraborrelli, “Son vs. Father”, in Michael Jackson: The Magic, the Madness, the Whole Story, updated paperback edition, London: Pan Books, →ISBN, part 5, page 255:

He had noticed Marilyn putting a flask into the coat of her mink after she talked to the Gent, and he was sure there had been nothing in the pockets earlier, when he helped her into it before she sang "Happy Birthday."

2014, Anna Godbersen, “Chapter Thirty-six: Los Angeles, June 1962”, in The Blonde: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Weinstein Books, →ISBN, page 313:

(plural minks) An article of clothing made of mink.

(Scotland, slang, derogatory, plural minks) A person with poor personal hygiene; a smelly person.


bulldog

→ French: bouledogue

→ German: Bulldogge

→ Portuguese: buldogue

From bull + dog, in reference to bullbaiting.

A breed of dog developed in England by the crossing of the bullbaiting dog and the Pug to produce a ladies' companion dog, having a very smooth coat, a flattened face, wrinkly cheeks, powerful front legs, and smaller hind legs.

The original form of this breed, the British bulldog.

The bulldog's just gone to press.

"... playing bulldog in the yard so I know you're fit enough to fight. Have you decided when you're coming back?”

2008 08, Christ Kennedy, Two Sons Nelson, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 304:

[…] playing bulldog on the plaza in front of the meeting hall.

2010 April 29, Bill Svelmoe, Spirits Eat Ripe Papaya, Wipf and Stock Publishers, →ISBN, page 138:

[…] playing bulldog, that game where you have two teams, one team runs and the other one catches. You have to run from […]

2018, Avril Brock, Pam Jarvis, Yinka Olusoga, Perspectives on Play: Learning for Life:

Once Tyson skidded on some wet leaves when he and his friends were playing Bulldog in the park. As he lay on the ground they all laughed at him, even Ajay, and although he'd twisted his ankle, what hurt most was his pride.

2018 June 14, Irvine Welsh, A.L. Kennedy, Meera Syal, John Niven, Pauline Melville, Daisy Buchanan, Christopher Brookmyre, Zoe Venditozzi, Nina Stibbe, Mike Gayle, Murray Lachlan Young, Barney Farmer, 24 Stories: of Hope for Survivors of the Grenfell Tower Fire, Random House, →ISBN:

(chiefly UK, sometimes capitalized) The children's game of British Bulldog or Red Rover.


Arab

From Arabic عَرَب (ʕarab, “Arabs”) or back-formation from Arabic.

a. 1892, Charles Spurgeon, a sermon
You Christian people often see the little gutter children — the poor little arabs in the street — and you feel much pity for them, as well you may.

The other day I heard you complaining of the nuisance that small ragged street-boys are to you whenever you go out. […] You wished that some one would do something to clear away these little Arabs, as you are pleased to call them, so that a fine old English gentleman—as you are pleased to think yourself—might take his exercise in peace.


orc

From Middle French orque, Italian orca, and their source, Latin orca (“type of whale”). Doublet of orca.

(archaic) Any of several large, ferocious sea creatures, now especially the killer whale.


capybara

/kapɪˈbɑːɹə/

/ˌkæpiˈbɛɹə/

/ˌkæpiˈbɑɹə/

/ˌkæpiˈbæɹə/

From Spanish capibara, from Portuguese capivara, from Old Tupi kapi'iûara (literally “grass eater”).

A large semi-aquatic South American rodent of the genus Hydrochoerus.


slut

From Middle English slutt, slutte, slute (“a dirty or slovenly person, usually a woman, scullery maid; messy animal to prepare as food; slush, mud”), probably from Old English *slȳte (“sleet”), from Proto-West Germanic *slautijā, from Proto-Germanic *slautijǭ (“sleet, hail”), related to Proto-West Germanic *slaut (“puddle, ditch”). Compare Dutch slodder and slet, dialectal Swedish slata (“idle woman”), Norwegian sludd (“sleet”), and the dialectal Norwegian slutr (“sleet, impure liquid”). Doublet of sleet.

cog

(obsolete) A rag soaked in a flammable substance and lit for illumination.


venison

en-noun

venison (countable and uncountable, plural venisons)

From Middle English venisoun, venesoun, from Anglo-Norman veneisun, venesoun, venesun (“meat of large game, particularly deer or boar; hunt”), from Latin vēnātiō, vēnātiōnem (“hunt; meat from a hunt”), formed on vēnātus, perfect participle of vēnor (“I hunt”). Doublet of venatio and venation.

der

2007, Gregory Simon Bull, Marketing fresh venison in the Eastern Cape Province using a niche marketing strategy (thesis), page xcix


chinchilla

en-noun

chinchilla (countable and uncountable, plural chinchillas)

/t͡ʃɪnˈt͡ʃɪlə/

It's important to put a lot of thought into owning a chinchilla since they have a considerably long lifespan of 10 to 20 years.
Chinchillas are most widely known for their exceptional fur coat.

2004, Jamie Huggins, Chinchillas - from Pets to Profession, page 3:

Chinchillas inhabit high elevations (3,000–5,000m) of the Chilean Andes Mountains. The chinchillas kept as pet or research animals in North America are all descendents^([sic]) of 13 founders wild caught in 1927.

2008, Jeff Wyatt, “Chapter 17: Anesthesia and Analgesia in Other Mammals”, in Richard E. Fish, Marilyn J. Brown, Peggy J. Danneman, Alicia Z. Karas, editors, Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals, page 469:

Chinchillas are long-lived rodents that are native to South America, primarily Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. The chinchilla is a hystricomorph (hedgehoglike) rodent closely related to guinea pigs, porcupines, and agoutis (Hrapkiewicz et al., 1998).

2009, Ron E. Banks, Julie M. Sharp, Sonia D. Doss, Deborah A. Vanderford, Exotic Small Mammal Care and Husbandry, page 125:

(countable) Either of two small, crepuscular rodents of the genus Chinchilla, native to the Andes, prized for their very soft fur and often kept as pets.

A variety of Persian cat with white fur and green eyes.


chipmunk

desc

→ Kashubian: szczipniôk (Canada, United States)

1832; alteration (influenced by chipping squirrel) of earlier chitmunk, from older Ojibwe ačitamo˙nˀ (“squirrels”) (modern ajidamoo), literally ‘those who descend headlong’, from ačit- (“headfirst, face-down”) (compare modern ajijibizo (“he falls headfirst”), ajidagoojin (“he hangs upside down”)). The English verb developed due to the high-pitched voices of the American puppet and cartoon chipmunks in the group Alvin and the Chipmunks, who later starred in a popular children's TV show in the 1980s.

A squirrel-like rodent of the genus Tamias, native mainly to North America.


coypu

From Spanish coipú, from Mapudungun koypu.

Myocastor coypus
Myocastor coypus#Translingual

A large, crepuscular, semiaquatic rodent (Myocastor coypus) resembling a large rat, having bright orange-yellow incisors, native to South America and introduced to Europe, Asia and North America, valued for its fur in eastern Europe and central Asia and considered a pest elsewhere.


nutria

en-noun

nutria (countable and uncountable, plural nutrias)

→ Danish: nutria

→ Japanese: ヌートリア (nūtoria)

→ Korean: 뉴트리아 (nyuteuria)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-nutria.wav

From Spanish nutria (“otter”), from Latin lutra.

1986, Identifying and Managing Aquatic Rodents in Texas, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, page 13,
Nutria are native to South America and were successfully established in North America in the early 1930s as a new furbearing species.

Furthermore, nutria engage in the outright destruction of muskrat lodges to create nesting habitat for themselves.

2000, National Wetlands Newsletter, Volumes 22-23, Environmental Law Institute, page 8:

(chiefly Canada, US) The coypu, Myocastor coypus.


jerboa

/dʒɜː(ɹ)ˈbəʊ.ə/

From Arabic جَرْبُوع (jarbūʕ) or يَرْبُوع (yarbūʕ). Doublet of gerbil.

The Arabs, who are forbidden all other kinds of mice, esteem these the greatest delicacies: as those people often are disappointed in digging after them, they have this proverb, "To buy a hole instead of a jerboa."

1814, Augustin Calmet, Charles Taylor, Edward Wells, Calmet's Great Dictionary of the Holy Bible, page 293:

The permanent burrows may have emergency exits — side tunnels ending at or near the surface — through which the jerboa "bursts" when threatened by a predator. Jerboas often lie on their side when sleeping in the burrow in order to better accommodate their long legs.

1999, Ronald M. Nowak, editor, Rodentia; Family Dipopidae: Birch Mice, Jumping Mice, and Jerboas: Walker's Mammals of the World, volume 1, page 1329:

The small mammals include typical desert forms such as the burrowing rodents of the jerboa family and the jird or gerbil subfamily. The jerboas, which are widespread across northern Africa and central Asia, are particularly well represented in China: 7 of the 10 genera and 10 of the 29 species occur in the arid, often cold deserts of the north and west.

2001, Peter Haggett, editor, China and Taiwan: Animal Life: Desert, River and Forest Specialists: Encyclopedia of World Geography, volume 24, page 2796:

Any of a number of species comprising most of the family Dipodidae, native to the deserts of Asia and northern Africa, being a small, jumping rodent with a long tufted tail, very small forefeet and very long hind legs.


pacarana

A large, rare, slow-moving rodent, Dinomys branickii, with a thick, furry tail, native to South America, the second-largest rodent after the capybara.


Count Branicki's mouse

Count Branicki's mouse (plural Count Branicki's mice)

Named for Hieronim Florian Radziwill Konstanty, Count Branicki, a Polish nobleman. The species is not a mouse, but is in the order Rodentia. The genus name Dinomys comes from Ancient Greek δεινός (deinós) + μῦς (mûs, “terrible mouse”).


paca

Via Spanish paca and Portuguese paca, from Guaraní paka.

Any of the large rodents of the genus Cuniculus (but see also its synonyms), native to Central America and South America, which have dark brown or black fur, a white or yellowish underbelly and rows of white spots along the sides.


prairie dog

prairie + dog (from their yelping alarm calls)

Any of genus Cynomys, small, stout-bodied burrowing rodents with shallow cheek pouches, native to North America and Central America.


Brer Rabbit

who believe that Microsoft actually wants to be broken up (the Brer Rabbit solution),

2000 May 9, Bill Mann, “Microsoft Ain't AT&T”, in The Motley Fool:


dzo

Coordinate term: (female) dzomo

A male hybrid of a yak and a domesticated cow.


primate

From French primate, from Latin primas (“one of the first, chief, excellent, noble”). So named due to the belief that primates are the highest order of mammals or animals. First attested in 1876.

der

Primates range from lemurs to gorillas.

(zoology) A mammal of the order Primates, including apes, monkeys, lemurs, tarsiers, lorisids, and galagos.


gibbon

Reborrowing from French gibbon, folk etymology (compare English Gibbon) ultimately from a Northern Aslian language (compare Batek kəboɲ).

'[…] Suppose that in years to come, when the Church's troubles seem to be over, there should come an apostate of my own trade, a false historian, with the mind of Cicero or Tacitus and the soul of an animal,' and he nodded towards the gibbon who fretted his golden chain and chattered for fruit.

A small ape of the family Hylobatidae with long limbs, which it uses to travel through rainforests by swinging from branch to branch.


tarsier

From French tarsier, from Latin tarsus, from Ancient Greek ταρσός (tarsós, “wickerwork mat"; "broad, flat surface"”).

An insectivorous primate of the family Tarsiidae, having very large eyes and long feet, native mainly to several islands of Southeast Asia.


Kerry

* As an English surname, from a personal name derived from Old Norse Kári.
* As an Irish surname, from Ó Ciardha (“descendant of Ciardha”), from ciar (“black”).

A ticket of John Kerry and John Edwards with, effectively, four first names, would send the wrong message to the world. Also no candidate has ever been elected president, with a girl's name like "Kerry" for a "surname".

2004 The Bulletin, Australia, "Hustling Hustings", February 25, 2004

A surname from Middle English derived from the place name, or from the Middle English given name Kendrick.

Kerry O'Leary - for so was he called to distinguish him from those of the name in the adjoining county - soon made his appearance in the court-yard beneath.

1845, Charles James Lever, The O' Donoghue: A Tale of Ireland Fifty Years Ago, W. Curry, published 1845, page 26:

A male given name transferred from the surname or place name.

A female given name transferred from the surname or place name, originally of Australian usage, also spelled Keri, Kerri and Kerrie.


Kerry

An animal belonging to a rare breed of dairy cattle, native to Ireland.


dolphin

From Middle English delphyn, from Latin delphīnus, from Ancient Greek δελφίς (delphís), from δελφύς (delphús, “womb”); the modern form in -ol- is probably influenced by the pronunciation of Middle French dauphin. Compare Swedish delfin. Doublet of dauphin. Displaced native Old English mereswīn (literally “sea pig”).

ncog

A carnivorous aquatic mammal in one of several families of infraorder Cetacea, famed for its intelligence and occasional willingness to approach humans.

Tursiops truncatus
Tursiops truncatus#Translingual

Tursiops truncatus, (Atlantic bottlenose dolphin) the most well-known species.

(nautical) A mooring post on a wharf or beach.

(US, slang) A person who buys shares on the primary market only to resell them immediately at a high profit.


porpoise

From Middle English porpeys, purpeys, borrowed from Anglo-Norman porpeis, purpeis, Old French pourpois, porpois, pourpais, porpeis (“porpoise”), from Vulgar Latin *porcopiscis (“porpoise”, literally “pig-fish”), from Latin porcus (“pig”) + piscis (“fish”). Compare (in transposed order) obsolete Italian pesce porco and Portuguese peixe porco; also Latin porcus marinus (“sea hog”), akin in formation to German Meerschwein, English mereswine. More at mereswine.

der

They captured 25 porpoises and set them free back into the Yangtze after raising them for a month in Puqi County, Hubei.

1991, Kaiya Zhou, Zhang Xingduan, translated by Luo Changyan, Baiji: The Yangtze River Dolphin and Other Endangered Animals of China, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 76:

A small cetacean of the family Phocoenidae, related to dolphins and whales.


rank

en-adj

rank (comparative ranker or more rank, superlative rankest or most rank)

ranker (comparative)
more rank (comparative)
rankest (superlative)
most rank (superlative)

From Middle English rank (“strong, proud”), from Old English ranc (“proud, haughty, arrogant, insolent, forward, overbearing, showy, ostentatious, splendid, bold, valiant, noble, brave, strong, full-grown, mature”), from Proto-West Germanic *rank, from Proto-Germanic *rankaz (“straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“straight, direct”). Cognate with Dutch rank (“slender, slim”), Low German rank (“slender, projecting, lank”), Danish rank (“straight, erect, slender”), Swedish rank (“slender, shaky, wonky”), Icelandic rakkur (“straight, slender, bold, valiant”).

cog

If Safford happens to be driving a "rank" horse, one that insists on getting away fast, he goes along with the rest, […]

1949, The New Yorker (volume 25, part 3, page 46)

(obsolete) Strong; powerful; capable of acting or being used with great effect; energetic; vigorous; headstrong.

(horse racing) Headstrong; difficult to control.


seal

→ Punjabi: ਸੀਲ (sīl)

→ Sotho: sili

→ Swahili: sili

From Middle English sele, from an inflectional form of Old English seolh, from Proto-West Germanic *selh, from Proto-Germanic *selhaz (compare Scots selch,selkie, North Frisian selich, Middle Dutch seel, zēle, Old High German selah, Danish sæl, Middle Low German sale), either from Proto-Indo-European *selk- (“to pull”) (compare dialectal English sullow (“plough”)) or from early Proto-Finnic *šülkeš (later *hülgeh, compare dialectal Finnish hylki, standard hylje, Estonian hüljes).

The seals in the harbor looked better than they smelled.

A pinniped (Pinnipedia), particularly an earless seal (true seal) or eared seal.


silk

en-noun

silk (countable and uncountable, plural silks)

From Middle English silk, sylk, selk, selc, from Old English sioloc, seoloc, seolc (“silk”). The immediate source is uncertain; it probably reached English via the Baltic trade routes (cognates in Old Norse silki (> Danish silke, Swedish silke (“silk”)), Russian шёлк (šolk), obsolete Lithuanian zilkaĩ), all ultimately from Late Latin sēricus, from Ancient Greek σηρικός (sērikós), ultimately from an Oriental language (represented now by e.g. Chinese 絲 /丝 (sī, “silk”)). Compare Seres. Doublet of seric and serge.

you can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear

(horse racing, usually in the plural) The garments worn by a jockey displaying the colors of the horse's owner.


bay

From Middle English baye, baie, from Old English beġ (“berry”), as in beġbēam (“berry-tree”), conflated with Old French baie, from Latin bāca (“berry”).

(US, dialect) A tract covered with bay trees.


bay

From Middle English, from Old French baee, beee, from the verb beer (“gape open”), from Early Medieval Latin batāre. Compare Modern French baie. More at bevel, badinage.

There is a short bay at the west end of each platform, but neither is used for passenger trains.

1946 May and June, G. A. Sekon, “L.B.S.C.R. West Coast Section—3”, in Railway Magazine, page 149:


boxer

internal combustion engine
internal combustion engine

A type of internal combustion engine in which cylinders are arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft.


loaf

en-verb

loaf (third-person singular simple present loafs, present participle loafing, simple past and past participle loafed)

loafs (present singular third-person)
loafing (participle present)
loafed (participle past)
loafed (past)

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: loffe

→ Swedish: luffa

loaf about, loaf around

2015, Elizabeth Royte, Vultures Are Revolting. Here’s Why We Need to Save Them., National Geographic (December 2015)https://web.archive.org/web/20151213095110/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2016/01/vultures-text
They don’t (often) kill other animals, they probably form monogamous pairs, and we know they share parental care of chicks, and loaf and bathe in large, congenial groups.

(intransitive) To do nothing, to be idle.


rack

From Middle English rakke, rekke, from Middle Dutch rac, recke, rec (Dutch rek), see rekken.

rappel rack

abseil rack

(climbing, caving) A friction device for abseiling, consisting of a frame with five or more metal bars, around which the rope is threaded.


blue whale

But there are a rabble of uncertain, fugitive half-fabulous whales, which as an American whaleman, I know by reputation, but not personally....the Iceberg whale; the Quog Whale; the Blue Whale. But I omit them as altogether obsolete and can hardly help suspecting them for mere sounds full of leviathanism, but signifying nothing.

1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick, page 131:

Balaenoptera musculus
Balaenoptera musculus#Translingual

A whale (Balaenoptera musculus), blue in color and the largest known living animal.


bud

en-noun

bud (countable and uncountable, plural buds)

From Middle English budde (“bud, seed pod”), from Proto-Germanic *buddǭ (compare Dutch bot (“bud”), German Hagebutte (“hip, rosehip”), regional German Butzen (“seed pod”), Swedish dialect bodd (“head”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bu- (“to swell”).

Hey bro, want to smoke some bud?

(usually uncountable, slang) Potent cannabis taken from the flowering part of the plant (the "bud"), or marijuana generally.

(US, Canada, Australia, slang, uncountable) Marijuana.


hoary marmot

A rodent of the species Marmota caligata.


hurdle

→ Japanese: ハードル (hādoru)

From Middle English hurdel, hirdel, herdel, hyrdel, from Old English hyrdel (“frame of intertwined twigs used as a temporary barrier”), diminutive of *hyrd, from Proto-Germanic *hurdiz, from Pre-Germanic *kr̥h₂tis, from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₂-. Cognate with Dutch horde, German Hürde.

inh

He ran in the 100 metres hurdles.

(athletics, equestrianism) An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which athletes or horses jump in a race.

حَاجِز

artificial barrier over which people or horses jump in a race


charge

en-noun

charge (countable and uncountable, plural charges)

From Middle English chargen, from Old French chargier, from Late Latin carricō (“to load”), from Latin carrus (“a car, wagon”); see car. Doublet of cargo.

(farriery) A sort of plaster or ointment.


jail

jail (countable and uncountable, plural jails)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जेल (jel)

Urdu: جیل (jel)

→ Punjabi: ਜੇਲ੍ਹ (jelh)

→ Welsh: jêl, jael

From Middle English gayole, gaylle, gaille, gayle, gaile, via Old French gaiole, gayolle, gaole, from Medieval Latin gabiola, for Late Latin caveola, a diminutive of Latin cavea (“cavity, coop, cage”). Doublet of caveola and related to cage. More at cajole.

(horse racing, uncountable) The condition created by the requirement that a horse claimed in a claiming race not be run at another track for some period of time (usually 30 days).

horse racing: condition of not being able to run at another track for some period of time

väliaikainen kilpailurajoitus myynnin jälkeen


stretch

→ Esperanto: streĉi

→ Finnish: stretch-

→ French: stretch

From Middle English strecchen, from Old English streċċan (“to stretch, hold out, extend, spread out, prostrate”), from Proto-West Germanic *strakkjan (“to stretch, make taut or tight”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)treg-, *streg-, *treg- (“stiff, rigid”). Cognate with West Frisian strekke, Dutch strekken (“to stretch, straighten”), German strecken (“to stretch, straighten, elongate”), Danish strække (“to stretch”), Swedish sträcka (“to stretch”), Dutch strak (“taut, tight”), Albanian shtriqem (“to stretch”). More at stark.

cog

time stretch analog-to-digital converter

(horse racing) The homestretch, the final straight section of the track leading to the finish.


bounce

en-verb

bounce (third-person singular simple present bounces, present participle bouncing, simple past and past participle bounced)

bounces (present singular third-person)
bouncing (participle present)
bounced (participle past)
bounced (past)

From Middle English bounsen, bunsen (“to beat, thump”), cognate with Scots bunce, bonce (“to bounce”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps imitative, related to bump, or related to Middle English bonchen (“to pound, beat”) and Dutch bonken (“to bump”).
Compare Saterland Frisian bumzje (“to pound, bang, bounce”), West Frisian bûnzje (“to throb, bounce, pulsate”), Dutch bonzen (“to thump, knock, throb, bounce”), German Low German bunsen, bumsen (“to beat, bounce”), German bumsen (“to thud, bang, pound”).

unc

uncertain

onomatopoeic

imitative

cog

(horse racing, slang) To race poorly after a successful race.


bounce

en-noun

bounce (countable and uncountable, plural bounces)

unc

uncertain

onomatopoeic

imitative

(horse racing, slang) The situation where a horse races poorly after a successful race.


placer

(slang) One who deals in stolen goods; a fence.


oink

Mom swallowed a spoonful of pudding and looked Daddy straight in the eye. "Oink, oink," she said, to let him know he was being a male chauvinist pig.

"The tub is too small!" "Then, I'll go first and you'll have to wait!" "Chauvinist pig!" "Oink, oink!"

2003, Robert N. Mansfield, Randy Maas, The Assassin: Attack on America:

You are such a male chauvinist oink, oink. You think that you are the only one who can drive a car or fly an airplane.

2005, Alinka Zyrmont, Forbidden Passion:

Drawing attention to male chauvinism (from the term male chauvinist pig).


nyala

Probably borrowed from Tsonga nyala. The alternative form inyala is from Zulu inyala.

A southern African antelope, Tragelaphus angasii (syn. Nyala angasii), with thin white stripes in the grey or brown coat, a ridge of tufted hair running all along the spine, and long horns with a spiral twist.


barb

PIE word
 *bʰardʰéh₂
From Middle English barbe, from Middle French barbe, from Old French barbe (“beard, beard-like element”). Doublet of beard.

der

(US) The sciaenid fish Menticirrhus americanus, found along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the United States.


poitrinal

The Poitrinal, Pectoral, or Breast Plate was formed of plates of metal rivetted together, which covered the breast and shoulders of the horse, it was commonly adorned with foliage, or other ornaments engraved or embossed.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 30:

Synonym of poitrel (“chest-armor for a horse”)


calver

As the adjective predates the verb, possibly from Middle English calver (“interspersed with flakes”), from Old English calwer. Cognate with Scots caller.

inh

calver salmon


calver

en-verb

calver (third-person singular simple present calvers, present participle calvering, simple past and past participle calvered)

calvers (present singular third-person)
calvering (participle present)
calvered (participle past)
calvered (past)

[A Grayling's] flesh will so easily calver that […][it] is very good meat at all times.

1676, Izaak Walton, Charles Cotton, The Compleat Angler:

(obsolete, intransitive) To bear, or be susceptible of, being calvered.


dingo

Borrowed from Dharug dingu (“tame dingo”).

Dan was beginning to feel very depressed when suddenly the eerie howl of a dingo rang out[.]

1943, H. Lorna Bingham, The Lost Tribe, Sydney: Winn and Co., page 13, column 2:

Canis familiaris
Canis familiaris#Translingual

A wild dog native to Australia (Canis familiaris, Canis familiaris dingo, Canis dingo, or Canis lupus dingo).

Nahatʼeʼiitsoh Bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ łééchąąʼí ałchiní

(Australia, informal) A cowardly or otherwise despicable person.


dingo

dingo (third-person singular simple present dingoes, present participle dingoing, simple past and past participle dingoed)

dingoes (present singular third-person)
dingoing (participle present)
dingoed (participle past)
dingoed (past)

(Australia, informal, transitive, intransitive) To behave in a cowardly or treacherous manner.

(Australia, informal, transitive, intransitive) To renege on an agreement or situation.

(Australia, informal, transitive, intransitive) To let down another individual.


agrimi

A type of goat with long horns that curl back, native to Crete, subspecies Capra hircus cretica, sometimes Capra aegagrus cretica et al.


silver fox

Vulpes vulpes
Vulpes vulpes#Translingual

A melanistic red fox (Vulpes vulpes) with silver to black fur.


lepper

(cattle) A type of Texas Longhorn, a subgroup of Butler cattle.


polo

en-noun

polo (usually uncountable, plural polos)

From Balti پولو (polo, “ball”). Cognate with Tibetan པོ་ལོ (po lo), ཕོ་ལོང (pho long), སྤོ་ལོ (spo lo, “ball”).

There were polo fields – sometimes green, sometimes brown – where in the old days, people had actually played that strange game that seems like a drunken bet about golf and horse riding.

2019, Namwali Serpell, The Old Drift, Hogarth, page 227:

(uncountable) A ball game where two teams of players on horseback use long-handled mallets to propel the ball along the ground and into their opponent's goal.

The game of ice polo, one of the ancestors of ice hockey; a similar game played on the ice, or on a prepared floor, by players wearing skates.


polo

From Spanish, an air or popular song in Andalusia.

A Spanish gypsy dance characterized by energetic movements of the body while the feet merely shuffle or glide, with unison singing and rhythmic clapping of hands.


peccary

From Kari'na pakira (“collared peccary”), from Proto-Cariban *pakira.

He says he drank rainwater collected in his shoes and ate worms and insects while hiding from jaguars and peccaries, a type of pig-like mammal.

2023 March 1, “Amazon jungle: Man survives 31 days by eating worms”, in BBC News:

Any of the family Tayassuidae of mammals from the Americas, related to pigs.

بِيكَارْيَة

a family of mammals related to pigs and hippos

javelina

Southwest US, from Mexican Spanish 'jabalina'


possum

(US) An opossum, a marsupial of the family Didelphidae of the Americas.

Any of the marsupials in several families of the order Diprotodontia of Australia and neighboring islands.


tarpan

Borrowed from Russian тарпа́н (tarpán), from Turkic (Kazakh or Kyrgyz тарпан (tarpan)).

It’s possible that wild horses, known as tarpans, survived in southern Russia until the nineteenth century, but these may have been hybrids, with genes from domestic horses.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 256:

An extinct Northern European wild horse, Equus ferus ferus.


plug

→ Gulf Arabic: بلاك (blāk)

→ Burmese: ပလတ် (pa.lat)

→ Japanese: プラグ (puragu)

From Dutch plug, from Middle Dutch plugge (“peg, plug”), from Old Dutch *pluggi, from Proto-West Germanic *plugi. Further origin unknown. Possibly from Proto-Germanic *plugjaz, but the word seems originally restricted to northern continental West Germanic. Perhaps ultimately from the same source as Dutch plag (“cut-out sod”), itself considered to be from a substrate.
Compare German Low German Plüg, Norwegian plug (“peg, wedge”, probably borrowed from Middle Low German), German Pflock (“peg”, restricted to Central German and phonetically divergent). Possibly akin to Lithuanian plúkti (“to strike, hew”).

unk

unknown

cog

I pushed the plug back into the electrical socket and the lamp began to glow again.

(electricity) A pronged connecting device which fits into a mating socket, especially an electrical one.

(loosely) An electric socket: wall plug.


tyke

From Middle English tike, tyke, from Old Norse tík (“bitch”), from Proto-Germanic *tīkō (“female dog”). Compare modern Icelandic tík (“bitch, female dog”), Faroese tík (“bitch, female dog”), Swedish tik (“bitch, female dog”). For sense 5, early 20th century: alteration of Taig.

(Australia, New Zealand, informal, derogatory) A Roman Catholic.


piggy

(derogatory, slang, UK, Ireland) A member of the police.


billy

Uncertain, but probably extracted from Scots billypot (“a type of cooking pot”), perhaps originally from the name Billy, a diminutive of William.
The condom sense from the E-Rotic song Willy, Use a Billy... Boy, referring in turn to Billy Boy, a German brand of condoms.

A term applied to various machines or implements:

Let's get the billy and cook some beans.

We had been absent from civilisation, so long, that our tin billies, the only boiling utensils we had, got completely worn or burnt out at the bottoms, and as the boilings for glue and oil must still go on, what were we to do with billies with no bottoms?

1889, Ernest Giles, Australia Twice Traversed, published 2004, page 239:

Oh there once was a swagman camped in the billabong,
Under the shade of a coolibah tree,
And he sang as he looked at the old billy boiling,
'Who'll come a'waltzing Matilda, with me.'

1895, “Waltzing Matilda”, Banjo Paterson (lyrics):

Mother prepared a splendid picnic. […] Rugs, food and the black billy for making tea, were packed into the old baby buggy and we trundled it straight down Simcoe Street.

1942, Emily Carr, “Loyalty”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:

Over the fence, in a shallow gully 100 metres away, this guy and his wife were living on the dirt in the open weather with just a blanket, billies, a dog and a transistor radio. They didn't even have water.

2011, Rod Moss, The Hard Light of Day: An Artist's Story of Friendships in Arrernte Country, unnumbered page:

(Australia, New Zealand) A tin with a swing handle used to boil tea over an open fire; a billycan; a billypot.

kēna

A billycan, a small pot for heating water over a fire

(Australia, slang) A bong for smoking marijuana.


cocktail

→ Catalan: còctel

→ Czech: koktejl

→ Dutch: cocktail

→ Esperanto: koktelo

→ Finnish: cocktail

→ French: cocktail

→ Galician: cóctel

→ German: Cocktail

→ Greek: κοκτέιλ (koktéil)

→ Hungarian: koktél

→ Italian: cocktail

→ Japanese: カクテル (kakuteru)

→ Korean: 칵테일 (kakteil)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: cocktail

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: cocktail

→ Polish: koktajl

→ Portuguese: coquetel

→ Russian: кокте́йль (koktéjlʹ) (see there for further descendants)

→ Spanish: cóctel, coctel

→ Swedish: cocktail

→ Thai: ค็อกเทล (kɔ́k-teel)

→ Turkish: kokteyl

→ Vietnamese: cocktail

Early 17th century, from cock (“male bird”) + tail, in the sense “(a horse with its) tail standing up, like a cock’s”. The origin of the extension to “an alcoholic mixed drink” is unknown. One theory is that it refers to a simulant (gingering), hence a simulating drink; compare pick-me-up. Another attested use is for non-thoroughbred racehorses: these were considered "cock-tailed" due to their docked tails. This may have led to the term "cocktail" (sense 1) being used for an adulterated spirit.

A species of rove beetle, so called from its habit of elevating the tail.


leporine

/ˈlɛpəˌɹaɪn/

The adjective is a learned borrowing from Latin leporīnus + English -ine (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). Leporīnus is derived from leporis (the genitive singular form of lepus (“hare”)) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).
The noun is derived from the adjective.

The most frequent intestinal parasite of rodents is probably Oxyuris ambigua, but Strong. retortæformis is tolerably abundant in the hare, and Trichocephalus unguiculatus is liable to occur in all leporines. […] Acari infest rats and mice, and especially leporines.

1879, T[homas] Spencer Cobbold, “Parasites of Animals”, in Parasites; a Treatise on the Entozoa of Man and Animals, including Some Account of the Ectozoa, London: J[ohn] & A[ugustus] Churchill, […], →OCLC, book II, page 319:

It will be seen that the variability in any one formula (excepting the anomaly of m. ⁴⁄₄) is confined to the premolars; that these only vary in one instance in the Hystricines; and that the incisors only vary from ²⁄₂ to ⁴⁄₂ in the Leporines.

1888, Elliott Coues, “Order II.—Rodentia.”, in John Sterling Kingsley, editor, The Riverside Natural History, volume V (Mammals), London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co., […], →OCLC, page 70:

+Trischizolagus has been proposed as a probable Oryctolagus ancestor, as well as for Lepus and other leporines, although no transitional populations have yet been found.

2008, Nieves Lopez-Martinez, “The Lagomorph Fossil Record and the Origin of the European Rabbit”, in Paulo C[élio] Alves, Nuno Ferrand, Klaus Hackländer, editors, Lagomorph Biology: Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, page 41:

The western Balearic Islands (Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera) have an insular history since the Miocene, and are famed for the unique caprine Myotragus (a goat relative) and endemic leporines (rabbits). […] [R]aptors coevolved with the insular radiations of rodents, leporines, and larger mammals.

2009, Trevor H[enry] Worthy, “Fossil Birds”, in Rosemary G. Gillespie, David A. Clague, editors, Encyclopedia of Islands (Encyclopedias of the Natural World; 2), Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif., London: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 321, column 1:

They [the Mexican volcano rabbit and the South African red rock hare] may be leftovers of a primitive stock because their distribution is peripheral to that of the advanced leporines.

2021, Alexandra van der Geer, George Lyras, John de Vos, “Japan: the Southern and Central Ryukyu Islands”, in Evolution of Island Mammals: Adaptation and Extinction of Placental Mammals on Islands, 2nd edition, Hoboken, N.J., Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell, →ISBN, page 370:

Synonym of leporid (“any mammal of the family Leporidae: the hares and rabbits”)


cervine

From Latin cervīnus, from cervus (“deer”).

The cervines are arguably Europe's greatest mammalian success story: the earliest type, Cervavitus, first appeared about 10 million years ago—in Europe.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: The First 100 Million Years, Penguin, published 2019, page 106:

A deer of the subfamily Cervinae; an Old World deer.


lazy

Attested since 1540, origin uncertain. Probably from Low German and Middle Low German lasich (“slack, feeble, lazy”), from las, from Proto-Germanic *lasiwaz, *laskaz (“feeble, weak”), from Proto-Indo-European *las- (“weak”).
Akin to Dutch leuzig (“lazy”), Old Norse lasinn (“limpy, tired, weak”), Old English lesu, lysu (“false, evil, base”). More at lush.
An alternate etymology traces lazy to Early Modern English laysy, a derivative of lay (plural lays + -y) in the same way that tipsy is derived from tip. See lay.

der

To strenuous minds there is an inquietude in overquietness, and no laboriousness in labour; and to tread a mile after the slow pace of a snail, or the heavy measures of the lazy of Brazilia, were a most tiring pennance, and worse than a race of some furlongs at the Olympicks.

1716, Thomas Browne, edited by Samuel Johnson, Christian Morals, 2nd edition, London: J. Payne, published 1756, pages 49–50:


leonine

The adjective is derived from Late Middle English leonin, leonine (“of or pertaining to a person named Leo; specifically Pope Leo IV”), from Latin leōnīnus, from Leo (“man’s name”) (from leo (“lion”): see etymology 1) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’).
Sense 2 (“being or relating to a kind of verse with internal rhyme”) is said to refer to a (possibly apocryphal) medieval monk named Leo or Leonius who composed verse with this characteristic; his identity is uncertain, but the composer Léonin (also known as Leo, Leoninus, or Leonius; flourished 1135s–1201) has been suggested. Alternatively, the word may refer to Pope Leo II (c. 611–683): see the c. 1760–1761 quotation.
The noun is derived from the adjective.

The Nineteenth and Tvventieth Days vvere ſpent in ſeeing the Monuments of the Leonine City, the Vatican Church, the Palace and Library.

1712, [Bernard de] Montfaucon, “The Nineteenth and Twentieth Days. […]”, in [John Henley?], transl., The Travels of the Learned Father Montfaucon from Paris thro’ Italy. […], London: […] D. L. for E[dmund] Curll […], E[gbert] Sanger […], R[obert] Gosling […], and W. Lewis […], →OCLC, page 319:

Of or pertaining to one of the popes named Leo; specifically (in Leonine City), to Pope Leo IV (790–855) who ordered the building of a wall around Vatican Hill to protect what is now Vatican City.

Leon

of or pertaining to one of the popes named Leo


compound

en-verb

compound (third-person singular simple present compounds, present participle compounding, simple past and past participle compounded)

compounds (present singular third-person)
compounding (participle present)
compounded (participle past)
compounded (past)

From Middle English compounen, from Middle French componre, compondre (“to put together”), from Latin componō, from Latin com- (“together”) + ponō (“to put”).

At the hill, the Warrior must have been at least ten lengths in front of Wild Dayrell; but he compounded about 200 yards on the T. Y. C. side of the Red House.

1855, The Sporting Review, volume 34, page 240:

(horse racing, intransitive) Of a horse: to fail to maintain speed.


tigrine

en-adj

tigrine (comparative more tigrine, superlative most tigrine)

more tigrine (comparative)
most tigrine (superlative)

/ˈtaɪˌɡɹaɪn/

Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the tiger.


cinch

en-verb

cinch (third-person singular simple present cinches, present participle cinching, simple past and past participle cinched)

cinches (present singular third-person)
cinching (participle present)
cinched (participle past)
cinched (past)

Borrowed from Occitan cencha, from Latin cincta, or from Spanish cincha (“a belt or girth”), from Late Latin cingula, from Latin cingulum. Doublet of cingle.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-cinch.wav

[Ostriches] also lack the tiny hooks, or barbicels, that cinch feathers together in most other birds.

2020 August 4, Richard Conniff, “They may look goofy, but ostriches are nobody’s fool”, in National Geographic Magazine:


corgi

en-noun

corgi (plural corgis or corgies or (rare) corgwn)

corgis (plural)
corgies (plural)
corgwn (plural rare)

PIE word
 *ḱwṓ
Borrowed from Welsh corgi, a compound of cor (“dwarf”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off”)) + gi (the soft mutation of ci (“dog”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ (“dog”), perhaps from *peḱ- (“livestock; wealth”)). The rare plural form corgwn is borrowed from Welsh corgwn.

der

By this time the Pembrokeshire—the short-tailed corgwn—were increasing in popularity very rapidly. The Cardiganshire variety lagged behind their more numerous cousins, but, even so, almost all the larger shows of this country had classes […]

1966 July 14, S. M. Lampson, “Sturdy Farm Dogs from Wales”, in John Adams, editor, Country Life, volume 140, London: George Newnes […], →OCLC, page 69:

[W]hich news item do we have to worry about and have a view on? Not, presumably, the fact that the Queen is going cool on corgies; probably not how space exploration is getting on; townies can maybe skip the fates of either cows or badgers.

2015 July 27, Katharine Whitehorn, “Need we follow all the news?”, in The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2016-03-09:

While larger, longer corgwn with tails were found in the lowland and hill farms of central and northern Cardiganshire, in the south a shorter, lighter corgi was more common.

2016, Janet Vorwald Dohner, “Herding Dogs”, in Deborah Burns, Lisa H. Hiley, editors, Farm Dogs: A Comprehensive Breed Guide to 93 Guardians, Herders, Terriers, and Other Canine Working Partners, North Adams, Mass.: Storey Publishing, →ISBN, page 200, column 1:

Participating pooches must be between 12-20 weeks old at the time of taping. This year, two labradoodles, a pomsky and a corgi are among members the Central Florida contingent.

2023 January 27, Patrick Connolly, “Meet the Orlando rescue dogs playing in Puppy Bowl XIX”, in Orlando Sentinel:

Short for Welsh corgi (“a type of herding dog originating from Wales, having a small body, short legs, and fox-like features such as large ears; two separate breeds are recognized: the Cardigan Welsh Corgi and the Pembroke Welsh Corgi”).

korgi

short for Welsh corgi — see also Welsh corgi


briard

A sturdy, rough-coated dog of an ancient French breed.


chug

Onomatopoeic, in imitation of a working steam engine. The racial slur sense derives from the stereotype of Native Americans chugging alcohol.

A homemade Cuban boat, built to carry emigrants to the USA, and often abandoned upon arrival.

(derogatory, ethnic slur) A person of Native American descent.


chug

en-verb

chug (third-person singular simple present chugs, present participle chugging, simple past and past participle chugged)

chugs (present singular third-person)
chugging (participle present)
chugged (participle past)
chugged (past)

Chug! Chug! Chug!

I can't believe he chugged three beers.

(transitive, colloquial) To drink a large amount (especially of beer) in a single action/without breathing; to chugalug. Usually chanted at the person who is drinking.

一口氣喝完

to drink a large amount in a single action


chug

A dog that is a cross between a pug and a chihuahua.


chug

I got chugged in the town centre today.

(transitive, UK slang, derogatory) To solicit charitable donations on the street, particularly in a persistent manner.


civet

en-noun

civet (countable and uncountable, plural civets)

From French civette, from Italian zibetto, from Medieval Latin zibethum, from Arabic زَبَاد (zabād).

(countable, US) Any of several species of spotted skunk, in the genus Spilogale.


coney

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-coney.wav

Coney Island hot dog
Coney Island hot dog#English


cony

From Middle English cony, back formation from conies (plural), from Anglo-Norman conis, the plural of connil (“rabbit”), from Latin cunīculus, of unknown origin. Cognate to Dutch konijn, German Kaninchen, Spanish conejo, and Portuguese coelho. The original pronunciation was /ˈkʌni/ (for the spelling, compare honey and money), but the similarity to cunt (and particularly homophony with cunny) led through taboo avoidance both to the word's displacement in the main by rabbit and bunny and to the spelling-pronunciation /ˈkəʊni/ becoming standard.

An edible West Indian fish, a grouper given in different sources as: Epinephelus apua, the hind of Bermuda; nigger-fish, Epinephelus punctatus; Cephalopholis fulva.


dobbin

dobbin (countable and uncountable, plural dobbins)

From Dobbin, a common name given to workhorses.

(UK, dialect, uncountable) Sea gravel mixed with sand.


dun

From Middle English dun, donn, dunne, from Old English dunn (“dun, dingy brown, bark-colored, brownish black”), from Proto-West Germanic *duʀn, from Proto-Germanic *duznaz, *dusnaz (“brown, yellow”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Cognate with Old Saxon dun (“brown, dark”), Old High German tusin (“ash-gray, dull brown, pale yellow, dark”), Old Norse dunna (“female mallard; duck”).
Alternative etymology derives the Old English word from Brythonic (compare Middle Welsh dwnn (“dark (red)”)), from Proto-Celtic *dusnos (compare Old Irish donn and Scottish Gaelic donn (“brown”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (compare Old Saxon dosan (“chestnut brown”)). More at dusk.

cog

dun:


eland

Borrowed from Afrikaans eland, from Dutch eland (“elk”), from Middle Dutch elant, from obsolete early modern German elend, from Middle High German elen, see German Elen for more. Doublet of elk.

As a matter of fact, however, I had never seen an eland in a wild state before.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

A genus of large South African antelope (Taurotragus), valued both for its hide and flesh.


flange

From dialectal English flange (“to project”), flanch (“a projection”), from Middle French flanche, from Old French flanche (“flank, side”), from Frankish *hlanka, from Proto-Germanic *hlankō (“bend, curve; side, flank”). See flank. As a term for a group of baboons, it was popularized in the comedy TV series Not the Nine O'Clock News.

der

[The] enduring problem with the Gathering is that [players] can't affect anything that happens ... whatever they do, the LT just flange it back to the original plot line.

1998, Mr MI Pennington, “Can the Players be Trusted?”, in rec.games.frp.live-action (Usenet):

2007, "balor", Changing the metaphysics on Rule 7 https://web.archive.org/web/20071014193135/http://forums.rule7.co.uk/Topic28357-44-2.aspx
'Oh look, the amulet of flange has been activated, this means all Paladins now only have one heal per day instead of two.'

(roleplaying games) An ability in a role-playing game which is not commonly available, overpowered or arbitrarily imposed by the referees.


gait

From Middle English gate (“way”), from Old Norse gata (“road”), from Proto-Germanic *gatwǭ. Compare gate.

(equestrianism) One of the different ways in which a horse can move, either naturally or as a result of training.


gam

Uncertain but surely formed within English; etymons may include game or gammon.

But what is a Gam? You might wear out your index-finger running up and down the columns of dictionaries, and never find the word, Dr. Johnson never attained to that erudition; Noah Webster’s ark does not hold it. Nevertheless, this same expressive word has now for many years been in constant use among some fifteen thousand true born Yankees. Certainly, it needs a definition, and should be incorporated into the Lexicon. With that view, let me learnedly define it. Gam. NOUN—A social meeting of two (or more) Whaleships, generally on a cruising-ground; when, after exchanging hails, they exchange visits by boats’ crews, the two captains remaining, for the time, on board of one ship, and the two chief mates on the other.

1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 53”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:

There is still that yearning for news from Nantucket that there was when the whale-ships stopped for a gam out in the far-distant Pacific Ocean […]

1916, Harry B. Turner, “Nantucket's Early Telegraph Service”, in Proceedings of the Nantucket Historical Association, page 50:

If time was available, whaling prospects poor, and the weather gentle, a gam might last all day and include tea and dinner.

1997, Gillies Ross, Margaret Penny, This Distant and Unsurveyed Country, →ISBN, page 14:

Twice each year, the Russian Navy sent out such ships to provision Russian whalers in the Sea of Okhotsk. In sailing toward the supposed Russian ship, the Abigail’s captain, Ebenezer Nye, was hoping for a gam with the ship's officers […]

2007, Tom Chaffin, Sea of Gray: The Around-the-World Odyssey of the Confederate Raider Shenandoah, →ISBN, page 230:

(by extension) A social gathering of whalers (whaling ships).


ganger

From Middle English ganger, from Old English gangere (“a ganger, footman”), equivalent to gang + -er. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Gunger, West Frisian gonger, Dutch ganger, German Gänger, Danish gjænger, ganger, Swedish gängare, Icelandic gangari.

inh

(nautical) A length of chain, one end of which is fastened to an anchor when let go, when the other end is fastened to a hawser.


gaur

Borrowed from Hindi गौर (gaur), from Sanskrit गौर (gaura). Attested in English since the early 19th century.

[…] I am sure that the American bison is the grandest of them all. His only rivals for the kingship are the Indian bison, or gaur (Bos gaurus), of Southern India, and the aurochs, or European bison, both of which really surpass him in height, if not in actual balk also.

1889, William T. Hornaday, The Extermination of the American Bison:

Of the other ruminants the ox, buffalo, yak, goat, sheep and a few others are domestic animals, while the bison and the gaur, or so-called Indian bison, and a large number of wild goats and sheep have been neglected.

1914, Edward Hamilton Aitken, Concerning Animals and Other Matters:

An Asian species of wild bovine (Bos gaurus), of large size and an untamable disposition.


gilt

From Middle English gilt, gylt, from Old Norse gyltr; compare geld and yelt.

(UK, regional) A young female pig, at or nearing the age of first breeding.


goer

From Middle English goere, equivalent to go + -er. Compare German Geher (“goer, walker”).

[…] multiple calls on Southwark's ground. From the radio traffic it sounded like they had a goer.

2023, A. J. Taylor, Firefighting: Better than Working for a Living:

(firefighting, slang) A fire incident in progress.


heeler

(US) A student journalist at Yale University.


hod

Probably an alteration of hot (“(Northern England, Scotland) large basket for carrying earth, etc.”), from Middle English hott, hote, hotte (“large basket or pannier for carrying earth, etc.; unit of measure for grain; hut or shed (perhaps originally of wattlework); lump of dirt (?)”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman and Old French hote, hotte (“large basket carried on the back”) (modern French hotte (“carrying basket”)), from Frankish *hotta (“basket”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *hud- (“to shake”) (see further at etymology 1), ultimately an onomatopoeia of the swaying movement of such a basket (compare Middle Dutch hotten (“to jolt; shake”)).
(Cognates):
German Hotte (“wooden basket carried on the back; (specifically) basket for collecting grapes from a vineyard”) (Rhineland, Swabia), Hutte (“basket for collecting grapes from a vineyard”) (Alsace, Switzerland)
Late Latin hotta, hottus (“hod”)

col

Cognates

'Clerking' is perhaps the most difficult and most admired job on a racecourse. The next time you see a bookmaker at his hod, waving his ticket-filled hands, shouting the odds, look to his left, just back a bit—out of the limelight. The bloke sitting there with his head buried deep in a ledger is the clerk.

2006, Tommy Steele, chapter 6, in Bermondsey Boy: Memories of a Forgotten World, large print edition, Bath, Somerset: Windsor Paragon; BBC Audiobooks, published 2007, →ISBN, page 64:


jigger

→ Catalan: gigre

From jig + -er (agent suffix). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary suggests a possible link to Old High German gīga (“fiddle”).

(horse racing) An illicit electric shock device used to urge on a horse during a race.


keddah

From Assamese খেদা (kheda, “to pursue; to chase away”).

der

(India) An elephant trap; an enclosure constructed to entrap wild elephants.


lop

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-lop.wav

"He's a lop; it mentions here about his getting up to the stand with his crippled leg but it doesn't say which one."

1935, Rex Stout, The League of Frightened Men, page 5:

(US, dated, slang) (usually offensive) A disabled person, a cripple.


macho

Borrowed from Spanish macho (“male”), from Latin masculus. Doublet of male.

You can tell a macho, he has a funky walk / His western shirts and leather, always look so boss

1978, “Macho Man”, performed by Village People:

A macho person; a man who is masculine in an overly assertive or aggressive way.


mort

en-noun

mort (countable and uncountable, plural morts)

From Middle English mort, from Old French mort (“death”).

(UK, Scotland, dialect) The skin of a sheep or lamb that has died of disease.

(card games) A variety of dummy whist for three players.


mort

(Internet, informal) A player in a multi-user dungeon who does not have special administrator privileges and whose character can be killed.


mort

UK circa 1560–1890. Unknown. Documented possibilities include:
* From mort (“A three-year-old salmon”), by equation of women with fish.
* From Welsh modryb (“aunt”)
* From Welsh morwyn (“maid, virgin”)
* From French amourette (“a crush”)
* From, or cognate with, Dutch mot (“pig, lewd woman”), from Middle Low German mutte.
* From French motte (“mound, esp. mons veneris”)
* From Romani mintš (“female genitals”). Cognate with English minge.

unk

Unknown

der

Male gypsies all, not a mort among them.

1621, Ben Jonson, The Gypsies Metamorphosed:

"Yes, master! I and my mort worships something besides good ale; don't we, Sue?" and then he leered at the mort, who leered at him, and both made odd motions backwards and forwards, causing the baskets which hung round them to creak and rustle, and uttering loud shouts of laughter, which roused the echoes of the neighbouring hills.

KINCHIN-MORTS, the Twenty-seventh and last Order of the Canting Crew, being girls of a year or two old whom the Morts (their Mothers) carry at their Backs in Slates (Sheets) and if they have no children of their own they[…]

1896, John Stephen Farmer, Slang and Its Analogues Past and Present: A Dictionary ... with Synonyms in English, French ... Etc. Compiled by J.S. Farmer [and W.E. Henley], page 109:

(obsolete, UK, thieves' cant) A woman; a female.


ocelot

From French ocelot, a word formed by Buffon from Nahuatl ōcēlōtl (“jaguar”).

Leopardus pardalis
Leopardus pardalis#Translingual

Felis pardalis
Felis pardalis#Translingual

An American feline carnivore (Leopardus pardalis, syn. Felis pardalis) covered with blackish ocellated spots and blotches which are variously arranged.


pard

From Middle English parde, from Old French, from Latin pardus, from Ancient Greek πάρδος (párdos), possibly of Iranian origin and related to other Sanskrit and Ancient Greek terms (see leopard).

Then a soldier,
Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel …

c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vii], lines 1047-49:

Ten Brace, and more, of Greyhounds, snowy fair,
And tall as Stags, ran loose, and cours'd around his Chair,
A Match for Pards in flight, in grappling, for the Bear

1700, John Dryden, Palamon and Arcite, Book III:

In a mistake of the gall-bladder for some part of South America it is mostly found in the pard […]

1813, John Mason Good, Pantologia. A new (cabinet) cyclopædia, by J.M. Good, O. Gregory, and N. Bosworth assisted by other gentlemen of eminence, page 41:

St. Jerome takes the pard of Jeremiah to mean the onslaught of Alexander upon India. His contemporary, St. Ambrose, avers that the pard’s variety of hue signifies the various impulses of the soul.

1902, Richard Thayer Holbrook, Dante and the Animal Kingdom:

Centuries ago it was believed that the leopard was a cross between a lion and a pard, hence its title of leo-pard. Some authorities said that a pard was another name for a panther and others stated that a panther was a female leopard. The relationship between the pard, the panther and the leopard kept changing until, at last, the great Dr Johnson in his 1760 dictionary declared bluntly that a panther was a pard and that a pard was a leopard. In other words, the three animals were one and the same. After Johnson's time the pard faded into history, but the panther managed to survive […].

2014 June 15, Desmond Morris, Leopard, Reaktion Books, →ISBN:

(archaic, literary) A leopard; a panther.


pug

Origin unknown, possibly related to West Flemish pugge (“(adjective) small; (noun) short person; pet name derived from the first name Pugge”); though it is uncertain whether sense 1 (“senses relating to someone or something small”) and sense 2 (“senses relating to people”) are derived from the same source.
Sense 1.8 (“small demon”) was probably influenced by, though not a variant of, puck.

pentu

It is to be observed in this experiment, […] that the loss of weight by feeding (tegs or pugs) on turnips, is remarkable: […]

1808, Thomas Batchelor, “Live Stock”, in General View of the Agriculture of the County of Bedford. […], London: […] [B. MᶜMillan] for Richard Phillips, […], →OCLC, section 2 (Sheep), page 541:

Senses relating to someone or something small.

(UK, regional, archaic) Also used as a proper name: any of various animals, such as a ferret, hare, squirrel, or young salmon.

(specifically) Synonym of teg (“a sheep (originally a ewe) in its second year, or from the time it is weaned until it is first shorn”)

teg

[…] I heard her call him dear pug, and found him to be her favourite monkey.

1712 October 13 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “THURSDAY, October 2, 1712”, in The Spectator, number 499; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, […], volume V, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 454:

Its proper Povver to hurt, each Creature feels, / Bulls aim their Horns, and Aſſes lift their Heels, / 'Tis a Bear's Talent not to kick, but hug, / And no Man vvonders he's not ſtung by Pug: […]

1733, Alexander Pope, The First Satire of the Second Book of Horace, […], London [actually Edinburgh]: […] L[awton] G[illiver] and sold by A. Dodd […], E[lizabeth] Nutt […], →OCLC, page 13:

Take avvay the pug, ſaid I, to the attendants—Take it avvay vvhile any of it is left—They reſcued the ſtill ſmiling babe, and run avvay vvith it.

1753 (indicated as 1754), [Samuel Richardson], “Letter XLIII. Lady G. to Lady Grandison.”, in The History of Sir Charles Grandison. […], 2nd edition, volume VI, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; [a]nd sold by C. Hitch and L. Hawes, […], →OCLC, page 211:

Or, is the Monkey sick, he takes his bed; / Old Slop is sent for, to prescribe for Pug.— […]

1812, Peter Pindar [pseudonym; John Wolcot], “Tristia; or, The Sorrows of Peter: […]. Elegy.”, in The Works of Peter Pindar, Esq. […], new edition, volume V, London: […] J[ohn] Walker, G. Wilkie and J. Robinson, G. Robinson, […]; and G. Goulding and Co. […], →OCLC, page 297:

(specifically, obsolete) An ape, a monkey; also (by extension) a human child.

[T]here is a dead silence, till pug is well out of cover, and the whole pack well in: then cheer the hounds with tally ho! till your lungs crack. Away he goes in gallant style, and the whole field is hard up, till pug takes a stiff country: […]

1812, [Maria] Edgeworth, “The Absentee. Chapter VIII.”, in Tales of Fashionable Life (2nd series), volume VI, London: […] [Heney] for J[oseph] Johnson and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 93–94:

That spell was broken by the sight of poor wearied pug, his once gracefully-floating brush all draggled and drooping, as he toiled up the sheep-paths toward the open down above.

1848, [Charles Kingsley], “The Philosophy of Fox-hunting”, in Yeast: A Problem. […], London: John W[illiam] Parker, […], published 1851, →OCLC, page 16:

Dear, delicate Madam, I am your little Paraquit, your Sparrovv, your Shock, your Pugg, your Squirrel.

1685 July (first performance), N[ahum] Tate, Cuckolds-Haven: Or, An Alderman No Conjurer. A Farce. […], London: […] J. H. and are to be sold by Edward Poole, […], published 1685, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, page 5:

Squirrels / Are not uncommon in the plantings on the broad edges, where they may be seen feeding on the deal-apples, as the Broadsmen call the fir-cones; nuts and acorns too they are fond of. […] Stoats sometimes chase them, but "pug" generally manages to escape, an[d] he can get to a tree first—he is a much more daring jumper.

1895, P[eter] H[enry] Emerson, “Shrew Mouse, or Rana, and Squirrels”, in Birds, Beasts and Fishes of the Norfolk Broadland, London: David Nutt, […], →OCLC, page 363:


rhesus

From New Latin rhēsus, arbitrary formation from Latin Rhēsus, from Ancient Greek Ῥῆσος (Rhêsos), mythical Thracian king.


sambar

Borrowed from Hindi सांभर (sāmbhar), साँभर (sāmbhar), from Sanskrit शम्बर (śambara, “a kind of deer”).

der

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sambar.wav

(zoology) A Southeast Asian deer (Rusa unicolor).


spavin

en-noun

spavin (countable and uncountable, plural spavins)

The noun is derived from Middle English spavein, spaveine (“swelling on horse’s leg causing lameness; disease causing lameness in horses”), from Old French espavain, a variant of esparvain, esprevain, esprevin (modern French éparvin, épervin). The further etymology is unknown; one suggestion is that it is from Frankish *sparwan (“sparrow”), though this is seen as quite tenuous.
The verb is derived from the noun.

[H]is horſe hip'd vvith an olde mothy ſaddle, and ſtirrops of no kindred: beſides poſſeſt vvith the glanders, and like to moſe in the chine, troubled vvith the Lampaſſe, infected vvith the faſhions, full of VVindegalls, ſped vvith Spauins, raied vvith the Yellovvs, […]

c. 1590–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Taming of the Shrew”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 219, column 1:

Of ſpauens, there be tvvo kindes, the bone Spauen and the blood: for the bone Spauen, you ſhall dreſſe it in all things like the ſplent, and it vvil heale it. For the bloud ſpauen you ſhall take vp the veane, and vvhen it hath bled vve pull out the bladder vvhich holdes the ſpauen, and ſtop the vvound vvith Sage and ſalt, and it vvill heale it.

1607, Gervase Markham, “Of Spauens”, in Cauelarice, or The English Horseman: […], London: […] [Edward Allde and W[illiam] Jaggard] for Edward White, […], →OCLC, 7th book, page 78:

Doubtleſſe a Spauen is an euil ſorance, and cauſeth a horſe to haule principally in the beginning of his griefe, it appeareth on the hinder Legges vvithin, and againſt the ioynt, and it vvill bee a little ſvvolne, and ſome horſes haue a thorough Spauen, vvhich appeareth both vvithin and vvithout. Of the Spauen there are tvvo kindes, the one hard the other ſoft: That is: bone-Spauen, and a blood-Spauen, […] Caſt the horſe and vvith a hot yron ſlitte the fleſh that couereth the Spauen, and then lay vpon the Spauen, Cantharides and Euforbium boyled together in oile de Bay, […]

1607, Conradus Gesnerus [i.e., Conrad Gessner], Edward Topsell, “Of the Horsse. [Of the Spauen, both Bone and Blood.]”, in The Historie of Foure-footed Beastes. […], London: […] William Iaggard, →OCLC, page 407:

Mr. Field had seen the same horses brought to his forge from day to day, and year to year, with large spavins, yet continuing perfectly sound.

1829 November 19, “Veterinary Medical Society, 21st Oct. 1829. Discussion on Mr. W. Percivall’s Paper on Soundness.”, in [William] Percivall, [William] Youatt, editors, The Veterinarian, volume II, number 24, London: […] Compton and Ritchie, […] [for] Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, & Green, […], published December 1829, →OCLC, page 509:

(countable) A bony swelling which develops in a horse's leg where the shank and splint bone meet, caused by inflammation of the cartilage connecting those bones; also, a similar swelling caused by inflammation of the hock bones.

[N]ovv the Bots, the Spauin, and the Glanders, and ſome doſen diſeaſes more, light on him, & his Moyles.

1601, Ben Jonson, Poetaster or The Arraignment: […], London: […] [R. Bradock] for M[atthew] L[ownes] […], published 1602, →OCLC, Act I, scene ii, signature B2, verso:

(uncountable) A disease of horses caused by this bony swelling (sense 1.1).