duiker

→ Irish: dícear

Borrowed from Afrikaans duiker (literally “diver”), from Dutch duiker, from Middle Dutch dukere.

Next day she rose early, and went out with the gun and killed a duiker on the edge of the Big Tobacco Land (where her father had grown tobacco during his season's phase of believing in it).

1952, Doris Lessing, Martha Quest, Panther, published 1974, page 65:

Any of several species of small southern African antelopes of the Cephalophinae subfamily.


dryopithecine

(zoology) Of, or relating to, the primate genus †Dryopithecus, considered to be relatives of both humans and apes.


dryopithecine

(zoology) Any member of this genus of primates


vervet

From French vervet (1821, F. Cuvier), further origin obscure.

A small African monkey, Cercopithecus aethiops or Chlorocebus pygerythrus, having a long tail, a black face with white cheek tufts and a greenish-brown coat


sea otter

Enhydra lutris
Enhydra lutris#Translingual

A marine mammal native to the northern Pacific Ocean, of species Enhydra lutris.


Java man

en-noun

Java man (countable and uncountable, plural Java men)

From the fossils, which were found on the Indonesian island of Java.

Pithecanthropus erectus
Pithecanthropus erectus#Translingual

(taxonomy) A purported species of primate, a supposed ancient ancestor of human beings, named Pithecanthropus erectus, now considered Homo erectus.


javelina

From Spanish javalina, jabalina, feminine form of jabalí (“wild boar”), from Andalusian Arabic جَبَلِي (jabalī) (in خِنْزِير جَبَلِيّ (ḵinzīr jabaliyy, “mountain pig”)), from Arabic جَبَل (jabal, “mountain”). Cognate with Portuguese javalina, and similar in other Iberian languages.

The Javelina (Peccari) is an animal peculiar so far as I know to Spanish America.

1831, Benjamin Lundy, editor, The Genius of Universal Emancipation, page 117:

Some well-mounted heads of deer and one of an enormous black javeli projected from the walls.

1903 February, O. Henry [pseudonym; William Sydney Porter], “Hygeia at the Solito”, in Everybody’s Magazine, volume VIII, number 2, New York, N.Y.: John Wanamaker, →ISSN, page 174, column 2:

We […] were ready to send some prickly pears to the next world when the most unfortunate group of javelina on earth walked into view.

2013, Philipp Meyer, The Son, Simon & Schuster, published 2014, page 264:

(Canada, US) The peccary, especially the collared peccary.


giant armadillo

giant armadillo (plural giant armadillos)

The largest living species of armadillo, Priodontes maximus


big hairy armadillo

big hairy armadillo (plural big hairy armadillos)

A species of armadillo found in South America, Chaetophractus villosus.


beautiful armadillo

beautiful armadillo (plural beautiful armadillos)

Dasypus bellus
Dasypus bellus#Translingual

An extinct prehistoric species of armadillo, †Dasypus bellus.


whalefish

whalefish (plural whalefishes or whalefish)

From whale + fish. Compare West Frisian walfisk, Dutch walvis (“whale”), German Low German Waalfisch, German Walfisch (“whale”), Danish hvalfisk (“whale”), Icelandic hvalfiskur.

Any fish of the order Cetomimiformes of deepwater ray-finned fish.


pteropid

(zoology) Any bat of the former family Pteropidae; the fruit bats


potoroo

Potoroos resemble bettongs, both in size and lifestyle, but the potoroos have a more tapered head and pointed snout, a less robust build and a shorter tail.

1998, Terence Lindsey, Mammals of Australia, New Holland, published 2004, page 41:

A black man with his back turned to me was putting three potaroos on the fire to cook.

2001, Richard Flanagan, Gould's Book of Fish, Vintage, published 2016, page 368:

Any species of the genus Potorous of the rat kangaroo family Potoroidae, endemic to Australia.


rat kangaroo

An Australian marsupial of the species Aepyprymnus rufescens.


australopithecine

/ˌɒstɹələ(ʊ)ˈpɪθɪsiːn/

Originally in reference to a now-obsolete subfamily Australopithecinae, formed in New Latin, from Latin austrālis (“southern”) + Ancient Greek πίθηκος (píthēkos, “ape”).

It is as if there were enshrined in these legends a racial memory of the Australopithicines who came close but never did make it to full humanity.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 28:

Australopithecines came in several varieties, some slender and gracile, like Raymond Dart's Taung child, others more sturdy and robust, but all were capable of walking upright.

2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, published 2003, page 391:

Caspari and Lee carried out comparisons ranging from ancient hominins such as australopithecines through to Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons, assessing the ratios of young adults to old adults.

2011, Chris Stringer, The Origin of Our Species, Penguin, published 2012, page 151:

(anthropology, paleontology) Any of several extinct hominids, belonging to the genera Australopithecus, Paranthropus when seen as distinct, and sometimes other closely related genera.


Cleese's woolly lemur

Cleese's woolly lemur (plural Cleese's woolly lemurs)

Named after John Cleese, English comedian, who has a fondness for lemurs.


Sir David's long-beaked echidna

Sir David's long-beaked echidna (plural Sir David's long-beaked echidnas or Sir David's long-beaked echidnae)

Sir David's long-beaked echidnas (plural)
Sir David's long-beaked echidnae (plural)

Named after David Attenborough, British naturalist

Zaglossus attenboroughi, a species of long-beaked echidna.


marsupial lion

The first Australians, I reflected, will have known real monsters such as the Thylacaleo, or ‘marsupial lion’.

1987, Bruce Chatwin, The Songlines, Vintage, published 1998, page 225:

A carnivorous marsupial that lived in Australia during the Pleistocene, of the extinct genus Thylacoleo


southern elephant seal

southern elephant seal (plural southern elephant seals)

A large seal, found mainly around Antarctica of species Mirounga leonina, famous for being the largest ever carnivoran mammal.


megabat

Any of the bats in the suborder Megachiroptera consisting of one family, Pteropodidae; a fruit bat.

flying fox

flying fox; ambiguous, some sources limit the term to the genera Pteropus and Acerodon within Pteropodidae


gundi

The fact that specimens were collected and observed only in the higher portions of the gebel near Rumia is a direct result of my efforts having been concentrated there and does not indicate that gundis are most abundant at higher elevations or that they do not occur at lower elevations.

1968, Gary Laval Ranck, The Rodents of Libya: Taxonomy, Ecology and Zoogeographical Relationships, page 258:

1999, Gundi, entry in Michael A. Mares (editor), Encyclopedia of Deserts, page 258,
Gundis occur over most of North Africa, including the western Sahara Desert and Sahel west of 15° east longitude, from Mauritania to Libya and Chad.

2001, Gundis, entry in Peter Haggett (editor), Encyclopedia of World Geography, Volume 24, page 2220,
Small balls of soft fur scampering up vertical rock faces, trilling and chirping like flocks of birds: these are the gundis, a curious family of rock-dwelling rodents that are found only in northern Africa. Four species of gundi live in the Sahara, one in the Horn of Africa.

Any of the several rodents of the family Ctenodactylidae.


moke

Unknown. In the sense of a variety performer, comes from "The Lively Moke" (or "Musical Moke"), an 1860s blackface song, dance and multi-instrumental routine popularized by Johnny Thompson, William J. "Billy" Ashcroft and others.

(dated, theatrical slang) A performer, such as a minstrel, who plays on several musical instruments.


markhor

Borrowed from Urdu مارخور (mārxor), from Persian مارخور (mârxor, literally “snake-eater”), from مار (mâr, “snake”) + خور (xor) (present stem of خوردن (xordan, “to eat”)).

der

He was taught the legends of the Mess Plate, from the great grinning Golden Gods that had come out of the Summer Palace in Pekin to the silver-mounted markhor-horn snuff-mull presented by the last C.O. (he who spake to the seven subalterns).

[1889 January], Rudyard Kipling, “Only a Subaltern”, in Under the Deodars (A. H. Wheeler & Co.’s Indian Railway Library; no. 4), Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh: A[rthur] H[enry] Wheeler & Co.; London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, […], →OCLC, page 84:

A large wild goat, Capra falconeri, especially Capra falconeri megaceros, syn. Capra megaceros, having huge flattened spiral horns, found in the western Himalayas.


bowhead

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bowhead.wav

Balaena mysticetus
Balaena mysticetus#Translingual

A large baleen whale, of species Balaena mysticetus, having a large, rounded head, that inhabits Arctic waters.


notoungulate

From Notoungulata (order name), from Ancient Greek νότος (nótos, “south”) + Ungulata.

At its extreme, there are creatures whose teeth grow continuously, even as their gums recede with a lifetime of grit and grass, a strategy only known in woolly rhinos and notoungulates among larger animals.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherworlds, Penguin, published 2023, page 72:

(paleontology) Any of several extinct, hoofed, herbivorous mammals of the order †Notoungulata, from Cenozoic South America.


Old English Sheepdog

en-noun

Old English Sheepdog (plural Old English Sheepdogs)

A herding dog of a particular breed (also used as a pet), with shaggy grey and white fur also covering its face, and a docked tail.


bottlenose

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bottlenose.wav

From bottle + nose. The creatures have a bottle-shaped nose.


bottlenose whale

bottlenose whale (plural bottlenose whales)

Any whale of the two species in genus Hyperoodon, both with characteristic bottle-shaped noses.


northern bottlenose whale

northern bottlenose whale (plural northern bottlenose whales)

A bottlenose whale of species Hyperoodon ampullatus, endemic to the North Atlantic.


southern bottlenose whale

southern bottlenose whale (plural southern bottlenose whales)

Any of species Hyperoodon planifrons of bottlenose whales, found in the southern oceans.


beaked whale

When the beaked whales surfaced near the Sea Shepherd boat, the scientists scrambled to make observations, take photographs, and deploy acoustic-recording buoys: Beaked whales are notoriously skittish.

2021 March 30, J. B. MacKinnon, “An Entire Group of Whales Has Somehow Escaped Human Attention”, in The Atlantic:

Any of at least 20 species of whales in the family Ziphiidae, known to dive to great depths, but not well understood generally.

Layard's beaked whale(Mesoplodon layardii)


mesonychid

The ancestors of modern cetaceans were probably large land creatures called mesonychids [...] that lived in the Paleocene epoch.

1971 Dec, National Geographic, page 884:

(biology) An extinct carnivore of the order †Mesonychia.


beast of prey

A carnivorous animal that hunts for its food, especially one that preys on vertebrates.


whalesong

whalesong (usually uncountable, plural whalesongs)

The sounds through which whales communicate.


jill

From the female name Jill.
* (to masturbate): By analogy with jack (off). See Jack (“male name”).
* (gill): Paired with jack (from the male name Jack) as terms for alcohol measurements.
* (pelvic protector): By analogy with jock, Jock being a male name.

These complicated pieces of padding usually one-piece these days) should cover the entire chest and belly (down to the top of the jock or jill), the upper back, the collarbone, the upper arms and part of the forearms.

2000, Gary Abraham, Michael Smith, Kids’ Hockey: The Parents’ Guide, Firefly Books, →ISBN, page 91:

GOALIE JOCK OR JILL CUP AND STRAP PRICE RANGE: $10.00 - $25.00 This is a specialized piece of equipment with extra padding to protect the groin area.

2004, John Shorey, Hockey Made Easy: Canada’s Best Instructional Manual, 6th edition, →ISBN, page 141:

There’s nothing easy about being a hockey mom (or being related to me, for that matter).[…]But also know this: along this journey, you’ll learn so many valuable life – and parenting – lessons.[…]You’ll never have to be reminded again about taking the cup out of the jock or Jill before laundering it,[…].

2015, Astra Groskaufmanis, “Prologue”, in Offside by a Mile: Confessions of a Hockey Mom, FriesenPress, →ISBN:

Jock or Jill? More girls are playing hockey now than ever before. Sadly, big business hasn’t kept up. Some companies are just beginning to make hockey pants, pelvic protectors, and skates for girls.

2015, Sue Irwin, “A Dangerous Game”, in Safety Stars: Players who fought to make the hard-hitting game of professional hockey safer, Toronto, Ont.: James Lorimer & Company Ltd., →ISBN, page 14:

A pelvic protector, a woman’s equivalent of a man’s jock.


springhare

A large, tunneling rodent (Pedetes capensis) indigenous to southeast Africa, approximately 40 cm. (16 in.) long and notable for its leaping ability and physical resemblance to a miniature kangaroo.


bit lifter

piece of horse tack that lifts (raises) a bit in the horse's mouth


hystricomorph

From Latin hystrīx (“porcupine”) -o- + -morph.

Any rodent in the Hystricomorpha, a suborder of the order Rodentia


hirola

A type of antelope found in an area between Kenya and Somalia, Beatragus hunteri or sometimes Damaliscus hunteri.


pygmy hippopotamus

pygmy hippopotamus (plural pygmy hippopotamuses or pygmy hippopotami or pygmy hippopotamus)

pygmy hippopotamuses (plural)
pygmy hippopotami (plural)
pygmy hippopotamus (plural)

Choeropsis liberiensis
Choeropsis liberiensis#Translingual

A large four-toed, four-legged mammal native to western Africa of species Choeropsis liberiensis (syn. Hexaprotodon liberiensis), similar to but half the height of the common hippopotamus.


Hollander

From Middle English holander, Hollander; equivalent to Holland + -er; compare the German Holländer.


onza

From Spanish onza (“ounce, Spanish ounce”), from Latin ū̆ncia. Doublet of a, one, inch, uncia, onça, oka, ouguiya, and awqiyyah.

doublet

(historical) A traditional Spanish unit of mass, equivalent to about 28.76 g.


eared seal

A seal belonging in the Otariidae family; a fur seal or a sea lion, differing from the true seals in having small, visible ears and the ability to walk on land.


rescue dog

(chiefly British) A homeless, lost or abandoned dog which has been, or will be, re-homed by an animal rescue centre or charity; a rescued dog


shelter dog

(US) A dog temporarily resident in or obtained from an animal shelter.


cadaver dog

Of course, once trained, a cadaver dog doesn't disturb the remains at the site.

2004, Angela Eaton Snovak, Guide to Search and Rescue Dogs, page 160:

While Ferry said he could not disclose his buyers due to privacy reasons, he said the company sells to several universities for classrooms or museums and law enforcement agencies that use individual bones to train cadaver dogs.

2021 October 10, Caroline Anders, “A TikTok bone salesman’s wall of spines reignites ethical debate over selling human remains”, in The Washington Post:

A dog trained to use its sense of smell to locate remains, usually human ones.


black rhinoceros

en-noun

black rhinoceros (plural black rhinoceros or black rhinoceroses)

black rhinoceros (plural)
black rhinoceroses (plural)

Diceros bicornis
Diceros bicornis#Translingual

A rhinoceros, of species Diceros bicornis, in the family Rhinocerotidae.


ranny

From Latin mūsarāneus (“shrew, fieldmouse”).

instead of a caligation or dimness, we conclude a cecity or blindness. Which hath been frequently inferred concerning other Animals, so some affirm the Water-Rat is blind, so Sammonicus and Nicander do call the Mus-Araneus, the shrew or Ranny, blind […]

1646, Sir Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, section XVIII:

(obsolete outside dialects, East Anglia) A shrew (the animal).


desman

From French desman, German Desman, from Swedish desmanråtta (“muskrat”), from desman (“musk”, older also desma, desme), from Middle Low German dēsem, from Old Saxon desamo, alteration of *besamo (cf. Old High German bisamo), from Late Latin bisamum (“musk”), from Hebrew בושם (bāśām, bōśem). Doublet of balm and balsam.

Unlike the Russian desman, the Pyrenean species lives along fast-flowing mountain streams.

1995, R. David Stone, editor, Eurasian Insectivores and Tree Shrews: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan, page 50:

Restricted to the Old World, desmans have a diet consisting of aquatic invertebrates and fish.

2007, George A. Feldhamer, Lee C. Drickamer, Stephen H. Vessey, Joseph F. Merritt, Carey Krajewski, Mammalogy: Adaptation, Diversity, Ecology, 3rd edition, page 250:

With the aid of its Eimer's organs, the desman was able to detect engraved lines only one-fifteenth of a millimeter (0.067 mm, or 0.002 inches) in depth and width. There are two extant species of desmans: the Pyrenean desman (Galemys pyrenaicus), weighing about 65 g (2.3 oz) (fig 2.10), and the larger Russian desman (Desmana moschata), weighing 500 g (17.6 oz).

2010, Joseph F. Merritt, The Biology of Small Mammals, page 38:

Either of two species, Desmana moschata or Galemys pyrenaicus, of aquatic or semi-aquatic insectivore of the mole family, Talpidae, found in Europe.


cacomistle

Borrowed from Spanish cacomixtle, itself borrowed from Classical Nahuatl tlahcomiztli.


linsang

Any of the members of two catlike Asian animal species classified in the mammalian family Prionodontidae.

Any of the members of two superficially catlike African animal species classified in the mammalian family Viverridae.


calving jack

A device used to assist the birth of a calf when it needs to be helped out of the womb by applying traction.


come to hand

en-verb

come to hand (third-person singular simple present comes to hand, present participle coming to hand, simple past came to hand, past participle come to hand)

comes to hand (present singular third-person)
coming to hand (participle present)
came to hand (past)
come to hand (participle past)

The horse came to hand, and won first prize.

(US, horse racing) To perform well, to come under control.


sniffer dog

Network Rail has introduced sniffer dogs to try to reduce the theft of signalling cables in the North West.

2022 March 9, “Network News: Sniffer dogs hired in fight to combat metal thefts in North West”, in RAIL, number 952, page 18:

A police dog trained to sniff out illegal goods such as drugs or explosives.

探知犬 (たんちけん, tanchiken, literally “detection dog”)


outride

(equestrianism) A trip on a horse outside an enclosed area, a trip on a horse in the open.


noctule

→? Catalan: nòctul

→ Spanish: nóctulo

Borrowed from French noctule, a latinised scientific borrowing of the Italian nottola (refers to various birds or bats), inherited from Late Latin noctula, diminutive of Classical Latin noctua (“night-owl”), ultimately from Latin nox (“night”), from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. Per the OED, first attested in English in 1771.

der

A bat, of the genus Nyctalus, that lives in tree hollows.


wheelhorse

From wheel + horse. Sense 2 (“person who labors heavily for a cause”) is from the fact that a horse nearest to the wheels of a carriage that it is drawing does much of the pulling work.

The off wheel-horſe a grey, named Single Peeper, ſold for 50 [guineas] […] The near wheel-horſe cheſnut, named Chance.

1750 October, “A Description, with the Form, of the Four Wheel Carriage, which was Drawn at Newmarket, 19 Miles in 54 Minutes. […] Invented by Mr J. Wright in Long Acre.”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume XX, London: Printed by Edw[ard] Cave, at St John's Gate, published January 1755, →OCLC, page 440:

The driver […] neither knew any thing, said any thing, or did any thing but watch a dozen equine ears, and keep six reins taut in his hands, and coax the off wheel[-]horse with the belly of his whip-lash every two minutes, invariably accompanying the stroke with a tremendous solitary cluck.

1869 September, E. P. Willard, “A Night and a Day on the Sierra Nevada”, in The Western Monthly, volume II, number 9, Chicago, Ill.: Reed, Browne & Co., publishers, No. 18 Tribune Building, →OCLC, page 179, column 2:

“Ay! he med well say that,” repeated the wagoner, still digesting the pleasure of Ben Lee’s compliment, and slapping the wheel[-]horse’s vast flank, so that the fairy chime began again, and the smack resounded like an accompaniment to its music.

1886, Maxwell Gray [pseudonym; Mary Gleed Tuttiett], chapter I, in The Silence of Dean Maitland: A Novel, London: Kegan Paul & Co., →OCLC; republished New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, 1888, →OCLC, part I, page 12:

In contrast to the methods used in New England all the lumber from the high Sierras is taken out in the summer instead of the winter. Teams of about seven pairs of horses, or mules, or traction engines, are used. Teams draw two or three wagons, and are managed by one driver who rides on a wheelhorse and guides with one rein, whip and voice.

1914 April, W[illard] W[ebster] Eggleston, “A Trip to Stanislaus Forest, California. (Abstract.)”, in Bulletin, number 9, Burlington, Vt.: Published annually by the [Vermont Botanical] Club; Free Press Printing Company, →OCLC, page 23:

The cannoneer posted nearest the left wheel of the limber engages the end of the pole of his carriage in the pole ring of the neck yoke and then hitches the near wheel horse; the cannoneer posted nearest the right wheel of the limber hitches the off wheel horse.

1916, War Department, Office of the Chief of Staff, “The Driver”, in Provisional Drill and Service Regulations for Field Artillery (Horse and Light) 1916 (War Department Document; no. 538), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, part III (Mounted Instruction), section IV (Mounted Instruction), paragraph 437, page 181:

(US, dated) One of a team of horses which is nearest to the wheels of a carriage, as opposed to a leader or forward horse.

процепен кон

one of a team of horses which is nearest to the wheels of a carriage

wheeler

[F]rom his [Benjamin Ruggles'] well-known habits of industry and constant devotion to the interests of his constituents, he was called "The Wheelhorse of the Senate."

1866, Charles Lanman, “Ruggles, Benjamin”, in Dictionary of the United States Congress, Compiled as a Manual of Reference for the Legislator and Statesman, 3rd rev. edition, [Washington, D.C.]: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 326, column 1:

A medical journal, it seems to the writer, should be a medium for the propagation of useful knowledge, the instruction of the profession in the best and most scientific methods of fighting disease; and who is so well qualified for the work as the old wheelhorses, the men who have grown gray in the fight?

1905 December, E. E. Lusk, “Homeopathy ‘is Not Built that Way’”, in H. C. Allen, editor, The Medical Advance and Journal of Homeopathics: A Monthly Journal of Hahnemannian Homeopathy, volume XLIII, number 12, Batavia, Ill.: James E. Forrest, →OCLC, page 768:

I can't understand why an old wheel-horse like Elsworth should kick over the traces that way.

1910 November, Jack London, Theft: A Play in Four Acts, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., →OCLC, Act I, page 3:

He was a wheelhorse, a tower of strength, to the Park Service and to the forces that were trying to establish new parks, seashores, canoe wildernesses, and other reservations during the Kennedy and Johnson years.

1997, David Backes, A Wilderness Within: The Life of Sigurd F. Olson, Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota Press, →ISBN, page 369:

(US, figuratively) A person who labors heavily for a particular cause, without being concerned about recognition.

In 1830 a bold and vigorous attempt was made to utilize the wheel-horse. A French post-office official, M. Dreuze by name, brought forward an improvement on the old two-wheel velocipede, which bid fair to be successful. […] A number of the country letter-carriers were mounted on the wheel-horse, and whilst the roads continued dry and hard M. Dreuze could congratulate himself on the success of his invention; but with wet weather came bad roads, and to the wet succeeded frost and snow. A little extra labour was all that was required to overcome the extra friction of the bad roads, but the wheels refused to progress on the slippy frozen surface.

1869, Velox [pseudonym], “The Velocipede of the Past”, in Velocipedes, Bicycles, and Tricycles: How to Make and How to Use Them. With a Sketch of their History, Invention, and Progress, London: George Routledge and Sons, The Broadway, Ludgate; New York, 416, Broome Street, →OCLC, pages 39–40:

As in most other accomplishments, practice alone can make a skilful rider of velocipedes. The tyro can, however, profit by the experience of others, and I give a few rules for his guidance, as well as directions for his practice. The first point is to gain confidence in, and familiarity with, his wheel horse.

1869, Velox [pseudonym], “The Art of Velocipede Management”, in Velocipedes, Bicycles, and Tricycles: How to Make and How to Use Them. With a Sketch of their History, Invention, and Progress, London: George Routledge and Sons, The Broadway, Ludgate; New York, 416, Broome Street, →OCLC, page 77; reprinted in “Velocipedes. The Velocipede of the Day.”, in Edmund Routledge, editor, Routledge’s Every Boys Annual: An Entertaining Miscellany of Original Literature, London: George Routledge and Sons, The Broadway, Ludgate; New York, 416, Broome Street, 1870, →OCLC, page 414:

(obsolete or historical) A foot-propelled vehicle; a bicycle.


shearling

From Middle English scherling; equivalent to shear + -ling.

Her coat was lined with shearling.

(chiefly US) A sheepskin or lambskin that has gone through a limited shearing process so that the fibers are of uniform depth


trialling

(British spelling) (Canadian spelling, common) present participle and gerund of trial


teledu

A stink badger, a mammal endemic to the island of Java, Mydaus javanensis.


stink badger

Either of the species of mammals in the Mydaus genus, native to Southeast Asia, resembling a badger in appearance, but more closely related to skunks.


spinner

From Middle English spynnere; equivalent to spin + -er.

Stenella longirostris
Stenella longirostris#Translingual


chacma

The chacmas live in companies in the kopjes, whence they descend to forage […]

1908, H N Hutchinson, Charles John Cornish, The Standard Library of Natural History:

We sat quietly on the far side of the water as the chacmas treated us to a scene featuring a near-complete life cycle of activity.

2006, Marty Essen, Cool Creatures, Hot Planet:

A species of baboon from Southern Africa, Papio ursinus.


Baird's tapir

For Spencer Fullerton Baird, American naturalist.

A tapir, Tapirus bairdii, from Central America


Great Pyrenees

(US) A large breed of dog originating in France and often used to guard livestock.


cowfish

Common bottlenose dolphin
Ostraciidae
Risso's dolphin
Scrawled cowfish

Any of genera Acanthostracion and Lactoria, of the boxfish family Ostraciidae.

Grampus griseus
Grampus griseus#Translingual

A grampus (Grampus griseus), Risso's dolphin.

A marine plectognath fish, Acanthostracion quadricornis and allied species, having two projections, like horns, in front.


croche

Borrowed from Middle French croche, equivalent to English crochet (“hook”), croc (“hook”), from Frankish *krok (“hook”), from Proto-Germanic *krukaz, *krōkaz (“something bent, hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, bend, wind”). Cognate with Old Norse krókr (“hook”).

(obsolete) A little bud or knob at the top of a deer's antler, or as the predevelopmental stage of the antler.


blackback

The author worked with two main study groups of gorilla in that region. Each contained a fully mature male (silverback), who was the obvious leader of the group, and a younger male of around 9 years of age (blackback), who had not yet assumed full adult morphology.

1979, A. H. Harcourt, “Contrasts between Male Relationships in Wild Gorilla Groups,”, in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, volume 5, number 1, page 40:

The second-ranking silverback is also a possible sire in the sixth case, although three other lower-ranking blackback males were also not excluded.

2005, B. J. Bradley et al., “Mountain Gorilla Tug-of-War,”, in PNAS, volume 102, number 26, page 9421:

(zoology) An adolescent male gorilla or chimpanzee.


minke

From Norwegian minkehval, allegedly after a crew member of the Norwegian whaling pioneer Svend Foyn (1809–1894), named Meincke, who mistook a pod of minkes for blue whales.

Minkes can grow to 10m and are likely to approach boats, delighting passengers with acrobatics as they hurl themselves out of the water.

2005, Andrea Schulte-Peevers, Canada, →ISBN, page 55:


whistling marmot

en-noun

whistling marmot (plural whistling marmots)


harbor seal

Phoca vitulina
Phoca vitulina#Translingual

A species of true seals, Phoca vitulina.


ring-tailed macauco

ring-tailed macauco (plural ring-tailed macaucos)


ring-tailed lemur

ring-tailed lemur (plural ring-tailed lemurs)

A lemur of species Lemur catta, from Madagascar, with a long black-and-white ringed tail.


prosimian

A primate that is not a monkey or an ape, generally nocturnal with large eyes and ears. Such primates were formerly grouped in the suborder Prosimii, but are now considered a paraphyletic group and not a clade.


mudlark

Besides these, there were the mudlark and the scupple hunter: the former prowling about at low water, receiving in his small bag such petty packages as he could get from his dishonest friends on board; and the later sneaking about the wharves and quays, under the pretense of wanting work, to pick up everything and anything that came to hand.

1799, George Mogridge, Old Humphrey's walks in London and its neighbourhood, Religious Tract Society, page 286:

She removes only what the water ‘delivers’ to her – items she can see lying on the surface. Unlike some other mudlarks, she does not dig for finds.

2019 August, Neil Armstrong, “A Real Muck Raker”, in Literary Review:

Dr. Fiona Haughey, a London archaeologist who has worked on the Thames since the 1990s, said that although some mudlarks are looking for valuables, others are looking for a connection with the everyday objects of a bygone Britain.

2020 February 12, Megan Specia, “Mudlarks Scour the Thames to Uncover 2,000 Years of Secrets”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(now rare, chiefly historical) One who scavenges in river or harbor mud for items of value, especially in London.

the children were nothing like inert: a large population of junior mudlarks, so long unwashed that you could hardly make them out, climbed among the ruins, cheerfully playing the games that all children play – pushing wheels with sticks, flipping rusty lids and bottle caps in makeshift tiddlywinks.

1995, Isabel Fonseca, Bury Me Standing, Vintage, published 2007, page 104:

A child who plays in the mud; a child that spends most of its time in the streets, a street urchin.

Anthus petrosus
Anthus petrosus#Translingual

Alauda arvensis
Alauda arvensis#Translingual

(UK, regional) Any of various birds that are found in muddy places or build their nests with mud, especially Anthus petrosus and Alauda arvensis.

Grallina cyanoleuca
Grallina cyanoleuca#Translingual

(Australia) The Grallina cyanoleuca that builds its nest with mud into a bowl-like shape.


mudlark

en-verb

mudlark (third-person singular simple present mudlarks, present participle mudlarking, simple past and past participle mudlarked)

mudlarks (present singular third-person)
mudlarking (participle present)
mudlarked (participle past)
mudlarked (past)

(intransitive) To scavenge in river or harbor mud for items of value.


xiphihumeralis

The tendon of the xiphihumeralis is also connected with its inner surface near its insertion.

1901, Jacob Ellsworth Reighard, Herbert Spencer Jennings, Anatomy of the cat (2nd edition), H. Holt and Company, page 147:

The xiphihumeralis muscle (M. xiphihumeralis) is the fourth muscle the pectoralis group ^([sic]). It originates from the xiphoid process of the sternum and inserts on the humerus (hence the name xiphihumeralis).

2003, Phillip E. Cochran, Laboratory manual for comparative veterinary anatomy and physiology, Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 144:

A long, flat strip of pectoral muscle comprising a band of parallel fibres, found in felines.


Dragon Li

A domestic cat of a large shorthair breed originating from China.


hominoid

From Latin homin- + -oid, after scientific Latin Hominoidea (superfamily name).

Hominoids differ from monkeys in several ways, the most striking being the lack of an external tail.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: The First 100 Million Years, Penguin, published 2019, page 111:

Any primate (including humans and apes) belonging to the superfamily Hominoidea.


wild horse

A member of the species Equus ferus, sometimes excluding the domesticated horse.


colobus

(zoology) Any of several large arboreal African monkeys of the genus Colobus.


cynomolgus

From Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn, “dog”) + ἀμέλγω (amélgō, “to milk”). Apparently from a word coined by Aristophanes of Byzantium for a race of humans with long hair and beards who hunted with dogs and, according to Aristophanes, milked them. (See Crab-eating macaque on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).

pedia

[…]but no «mouse-virulent» virus could be recovered on passage in other mice although titration in cynomolgus renal epithelial cells showed that virus replication had occurred.

1953, “Atti del VI Congresso Internazionale di Microbiologia”, in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Microbiology, volume 3, page 157:

1978, B. J. Catley, 5: Glycoproteins, Glycopeptides, and Animal Polysaccharides, J. S. Brimacombe (editor), Carbohydrate Chemistry, Volume 10, The Chemical Society, page 305,
Similarities also exist between the antigenic properties of the β₁-glycoproteins obtained from chimpanzees, rhesus monkeys, cynomolguses, and baboons.

2019, Kira Jane Buxton, Hollow Kingdom, Hachette UK (Headline Publishing Group), unnumbered page,
MoFos never gave up on the belief that they could land on the moon, and, by thunder, they did it! (After sensibly sending up a few test subjects including cats, tortoises, mice, mealworms, a rabbit, chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, squirrel monkeys, cynomolguses and pig-tailed monkeys, a boatload of dogs, and some fruit flies.

Macaca fascicularis
Macaca fascicularis#Translingual

(often attributive) A long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), native to Asia, that feeds on shellfish.


jumpout

The few who attended Tuesday's important Lightning Stakes jumpouts at Flemington on Tuesday may have been put off by Swick's lethargic display.

2009 January 31, Matt Stewart, “Bart Cummings ready to derail Lightning match race”, in Herald Sun, archived from the original on 2009-02-05:

I did get to ride in a couple of barrier jumpouts, but even that was sprung on me. I was riding a horse towards the track when Murty said it was going for a jumpout, a sprint about 400 metres from the barriers down the home straight.

2011, David Brasch, Peter Cook, Jockeying To The Top, unnumbered page:

(Australia, horse racing) An unofficial trial race.


trackwork

McDonald described Weekend Hussler's trackwork this preparation as "frightening".

2009 January 30, Tim Habel, “Short journey to suit Hussler”, in Herald Sun:

(horse racing) Practice in racing around a track


standardbred

From standard + bred. In this context, the word "standard" refers to the fact that in the early decades of the breed's development, all breeding stock had to meet a specific performance standard, namely ability to trot or pace a mile in no more than 2 minutes, 30 seconds.

"Jockeys waste and drivers don't and maybe the breed (standardbred) might be a bit more conducive to the conditions."

2009 January 30, Tim Habel, Matt Stewart, “Heat on VRC to delay Flemington meeting”, in Herald Sun:

(horse racing) A breed of horse bred specifically for harness racing


lurcher

From lurch + -er. See lurch (“to lurk, lie in wait”).

(obsolete) One who lurks or lies in wait; one who watches in order to rob or betray; a poacher.


guereza

From the native name in Ethiopia. Compare Sebat Bet Gurage gureza, Amharic ጉሬዛ (gureza), Oromo gureezaa.

(zoology) A reddish-brown colobus monkey from Abyssinia.


hit-out

(Australia, horse racing) A fast gallop.


wagyu

en-noun

wagyu (countable and uncountable, plural wagyus or wagyu)

From Japanese 和(わ)牛(ぎゅう) (wagyū), from Middle Chinese 和 (MC hwa, “a gloss for 倭 (MC 'wa, “Japan”)”) + 牛 (MC ngjuw, “cow”).

ltc-l

Slices of wagyu beef come with spheres of root vegetables and mini-towers of polenta.

2009 January 19, Corey Mintz, “Susur and the City”, in Toronto Star:

(countable) Any of several Japanese breeds of cattle genetically predisposed to intense marbling and to producing a high percentage of oleaginous unsaturated fat.


mangabey

So called by Buffon from Mangaby, in Madagascar, where he erroneously supposed them to be native.

Any of several large, arboreal monkeys in the genera Cercocebus, Lophocebus and Rungwecebus of the family Cercopithecidae.


monodon

(zoology) Any toothed whale (such as the narwhal) of the family Monodontidae.


unplaced

The Listed John Dillon Stakes (1400m) at Caulfield on Australia Day is an option for Rok Posta, who has only been unplaced four times in his 20 starts.

2009 January 18, Adrian Dunn, “Girls combine to Posta win at Flemington”, in Herald Sun:

(horse racing) Not among the first three horses to finish a race.


dinoceratan

Any of various extinct mammals, of the order †Dinocerata, somewhat similar to the rhinoceros.


Père David's deer

en-noun

Père David's deer (plural Père David's deers or Père David's deer)

Père David's deers (plural)
Père David's deer (plural)

After Father Armand David (1826–1900), Catholic priest, zoologist and botanist.

Elaphurus davidianus, a species of deer known only in captivity, which prefers marshland and is believed to be native to the subtropics of China.


dryolestid

A dog-sized dryolestid, Peligrotherium, the ‘lazy beast’, is known from the early Paleocene of Patagonia, while another, Necrolestes, the ‘grave-robber’, is from the same part of the world, but much later, in the Miocene.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherlands, Penguin, published 2023, page 102:

(zoology) Any of a group of extinct mammals of the order †Dryolestida.


pantodont

(zoology) Any of many extinct mammals of the suborder Pantodonta


pantolest

(zoology) Any of several extinct mammals of the suborder †Pantolesta


astrochimp

1960, from astro- + chimp, following astronaut. Referring to initial space flight tests involving animals.

Ham the astrochimp is the first earthly creature to do intelligent tasks in space. He and the other astrochimps prepared for this accomplishment at machines like the one at right where they learned to push levers correctly in response to flashing lights.

1961 February 10, “Great Triple Play”, in Life, volume 50, number 6, page 22:

The real hero of the early American space programme was Ham the "astrochimp", who went up before any of the first American Mercury astronauts (India plans £1.7bn manned space mission by 2015, 24 February; Letters, passim).

2009 February 25, “Letters: Ham the 'astrochimp', the real hero of the space race”, in The Guardian:

(informal) A chimpanzee used in a spaceflight program.


sirenian

/sʌɪˈɹiːnɪən/

From the scientific name, translingual Sirenia.

The cetaceans (whales and dolphins) together with the sirenians (sea cows and manatees) are the sea mammals best-adapted to the seas of today, but it is the cetaceans that have most engaged the attention of mankind as both prey and fellow sentient being.

2011 September 22, Richard Shelton, “Sheep, pig, whale”, in Times Literary Supplement:

(zoology) Any of a group of aquatic, herbivorous mammals of the order Sirenia, a manatee or a dugong.


taeniodont

From Ancient Greek ταινία (tainía, “band, ribbon”) + -odont.

der

(zoology) Any of a group of extinct mammals of the suborder Taeniodonta


whiteface

en-noun

whiteface (countable and uncountable, plural whitefaces)

(countable) Any bird of the genus Aphelocephala.


cottontop

An arboreal, diurnal New World tamarin Saguinus oedipus


moon bear

From moon + bear, so named for the crescent shaped blaze upon its breast.

Ursus thibetanus
Ursus thibetanus#Translingual


shire horse

A draught horse of a tall British breed, usually bay, black, or grey.


placegetter

2008, Mike Keenan, The Shadows of Horses, 2009 Large 24pt Edition, Read How You Want, page 96,
I was utterly unprepared for the reception I received when I trotted up towards the stall reserved for the second placegetter, in the Saddling Enclosure.

Last year's Caulfield Cup placegetter is rated a $6 chance and will be ridden by champion Irish jockey Michael Kinane.

2009 February 13, Tim Habel, “Time to put best foot forward”, in Herald Sun:

Essentially, punters who played the placecards — usually in a local pub — had to pick a placegetter in each of the four feature races on a Saturday. So, if it was races five, seven and eight, you had to correctly select just one of the three placegetters in each race to win.

2011, Nichola Garvey, Beating the Odds, unnumbered page:

(horse racing, Australia, New Zealand) A horse that finishes among the first three of a race, or in a specified place.


whaleburger

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-whaleburger.wav

...today when "whaleburger steak" was served at a luncheon of the Institute of Refrigeration. It was part of an experimental consignment of ten tons...

1945, American Polar Society, The Polar Times:

The meat alone was enough to make 800000 "whaleburger" sandwiches. The men also took vitamin oil from the whale's liver.

1963, Paul Andrew Witty, How to Improve Your Reading:

...a blubber-packed whaleburger on a sesame seed bun instead of a flame-broiled burger. Sound unhealthy? Maybe not.

1999, Gale Maleskey, James McCommons, Nature's Medicines:


flickertail

Nickname for the North American ground squirrel, Citellus richardsoni.


Vizsla

Vizsla (plural Vizslas or Vizslak or Vizslák)

Vizslas (plural)
Vizslak (plural)
Vizslák (plural)

From Hungarian vizsla, itself probably a borrowing from a Slavic language; compare Serbo-Croatian vižao/вижао, Czech vyžle, Polish wyżeł, wyga (“old dog”), Russian выжла (vyžla).

A bird dog, according to David Smith of the National Bird Dog Museum, can include such breeds as the English pointer and setter, the American Brittany, the German short-haired pointer and the vizsla.

2008 February 24, William Safire, “Bird-Dog Minute”, in New York Times:


grice

From Middle English gris, from Old Norse gríss.

This fine Smooth bawson cub, the young grice of a gray

Further, there was of meats wheat bread, main-bread and ginge-bread with fleshes, beef, mutton, lamb, veal, venison, goose, grice, capon, coney, cran, swan, partridge, plover, duck, drake, brissel-cock and pawnies, black-cock and muir-fowl, cappercaillies;

1728, Robert Lindsay, The history of Scotland, from 21 February, 1436. to March, 1565: in which are contained accounts of many remarkable passages altogether differing from our other historians, and many facts are related, either concealed by some, or omitted by others, Mr. Baskett and Company, page 146:

Through a door to one of the galleries, left half open on purpose I was attracted to a dainty hot supper, consisting of stewed mushrooms and the fat paps and ears of very young pigs, or, as they call them, gricen.

1789, William Thomson, Mammuth: or, human nature displayed on a grand scale: in a tour with the tinkers, into the inland parts of Africa. By the man in the moon. In two volumes. publ. G. and T. Wilkie, pg.105

A model of the grice - which was the size of a large dog and had tusks - has been created after work by researchers and a taxidermist.

2006 November 17, “Extinct island pig spotted again”, in BBC News:

(now Scotland) A pig, especially a young pig, or its meat; sometimes specifically, a breed of pig or boar native to north Britain, now extinct.


Saluki

(cynology) An ancient sighthound breed of dog with a silky coat originating in the Middle East, once sacred to the Egyptians.


cervid

(zoology) Any animal (such as the deer) of the family Cervidae.


ovicaprid

A domestic sheep or goat. Also called a caprovine.


caprid

(zoology) Any member of the subfamily Caprinae.


protohuman

The research included an examination of the original fossils and a comparison with skeletons of modern humans and protohumans and also chimpanzees.

2008 March 21, John Noble Wilford, “New Analysis Suggests Earlier Start for Upright Walking”, in New York Times:

One of the earliest humans preceding Homo sapiens.


Maltese cat

Any cat of indeterminate breed, with primarily gray or blue fur.


siamang

→ Finnish: siamanki

A large black gibbon, Symphalangus syndactylus, from Sumatra


otter civet

A semi-aquatic civet found in South-East Asis, taxonomic name Cynogale bennettii


British Longhair

British Longhair (plural British Longhairs)

A medium-size, long-haired domestic cat breed, originating in Great Britain.


dauw

(South Africa) Burchell's zebra (Equus quagga burchellii).


Madidi titi monkey

Madidi titi monkey (plural Madidi titi monkeys)

From its discovery in Bolivia's Madidi National Park in 2004.

Callicebus aureipalatii
Callicebus aureipalatii#Translingual

A New World monkey from Bolivia, Callicebus aureipalatii.


golden palace monkey

golden palace monkey (plural golden palace monkeys)

Named as a result of an auction in 2005 for the naming of the newly discovered species of titi monkey. The online casino GoldenPalace.com won the auction, paying $650,000 for the privilege.

Callicebus aureipalatii, a New World monkey from Bolivia.


mulet

After that Huon and the good Abbot had deuised together of diuers things, Huon wrote a Letter vnto his men being at Tournous, that they should come vnto him to the Abbey of Cluny, hee sent a Gentleman of the Abbey to fetch them, and when hée was come to Tournous, and had deliuered his Letters vnto Barnard, they made them readie, and trussed their Somers and departed from thence, and they road so longe, that they came in at the gates of the Abbey of Cluny, the same time Huon and the Abbot were leaning out at a window, the Abbot saw fiftéene Somers charged, and seauen Mules and Mulets, whereof he had great maruaile of whence they were, and said to Huon.

1601, The Ancient, Honorable, Famous, and Delighfull Historie of Huon of Bourdeaux, One of the Peeres of Fraunce, and Duke of Guyenne Enterlaced with the Loue of Many Ladies, as Also the Fortunes and Aduentures of Knights Errant, Their Amorous Seruants, London: […] Thomas Purfoot:

Of Mules, Male and Female. Qu. VVHy is it that the Mulets beget not, nor the Mules can conceive?

1637, R[obert] B[asset], transl., Curiosities: or the Cabinet of Nature Containing Phylosophical, Naturall, and Morall Questions Fully Answered and Resolved, London: […] N. and I. Okes, page 54:

[…]; where after some difficulty having got up to the top of the Mountains, we saw Genoa, and the beautiful suburbs of St. Pietro di Arena under us at nine miles distance, and a vast tract of Sea before us, the Eastern Coast on the left hand, and the Western on the right, and descended by a broad way, and by large Windings and Turnings, upon the bare marble rock, meeting great numbers of Mules, and Mulets tossing up their Nets about their noses, which all together afforded an extraordinary prospect.

1685, Edward Brown, A Brief Account of Some travels in Divers Parts of Europe Viz Hungaria, Servia, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Thessaly, Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, and Friuli: […], London: […] Benj. Tooke, page 221:


manicou

A common opossum (Didelphis marsupialis), of the tropical Americas


Doberman Pinscher

Doberman Pinscher (plural Doberman Pinschers)

A large, domestic breed of dog originally bred as a watchdog, kept mainly as pets in modern times.


mantegar

(obsolete) mandrill (formerly thought to be a type of baboon)


pudu

From South American Spanish pudú, from Mapudungun pudu (“small deer”).

Whereas the southern pudu is more uniformly dark chestnut-brown, the northern form is light but has a very dark (aggressive) face in both sexes.

1998, Valerius Geist, Deer of the World, page 120:

In the undergrowth, native pudú deer scutter, lower than knee-height and wary of visitors; even shyer are the tall, elegant huemul deer, threatened almost to extinction and now only to be found high up the mountainsides.

2002 November 30, Chris Moss, The Guardian:

Although protected by law, pudus are hunted locally for their hide and meat.

2008, Sharon R Chester, A Wildlife Guide to Chile, page 309:

A very small South American deer of the genus Pudu (in some classifications divided to Pudu and Pudella), native to the Andes.


white rabbit

A phrase said, before saying anything else, on the first day of the month in order to bring good luck.


magot

The magot differs from the ape by having a long muzzle and large canine teeth; and from the baboon by having no actual tail; though it has an exuberance of skin which bears that appearance.

1800, The Lady's Magazine Or Entertaining Companion for the Fair Sex, volume 31, page 16:

Macaca sylvanus
Macaca sylvanus#Translingual

(archaic) The Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus) native to the Atlas Mountains of Algeria and Morocco along with a small population of uncertain origin in Gibraltar.


cave lion

After the arrival of humans in Europe, cave lions began to decrease in size.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: The First 100 Million Years, Penguin, published 2019, page 202:

Panthera leo spelaea
Panthera leo spelaea#Translingual

An extinct subspecies of lion, Panthera leo spelaea, known from fossils and multiple examples of prehistoric art.


tamaraw

The habitat requirements of the tamaraw appear to be fairly flexible, and present habitat use reflects human pressures rather than the animal's preferences. In the past, tamaraw were found in virtually all parts of Mindoro, from sea level to mountain tops.

1983, National Research Council (U.S.) Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation, Managing Tropical Animal Resources: Little-Known Asian Animals with a Promising Economic Future, page 61:

1994, Mary Emanoil, Encyclopedia of Endangered Species, Volume 1, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, page 364,
In the early 1900s, there were an estimated 10,000 tamaraws on Mindoro; because of excessive hunting and loss of habitat, the population had decreased to less than 150-200 animals by 1971.

If that person explains that a tamaraw is a bovine animal, brown in color, found in the Philippines, I can take tamaraw to designate something like my idea of a brown cow. As a matter of fact, though, tamaraw are actually more like small water buffalo.

2010, Patricia Sheridan, Locke: A Guide for the Perplexed, page 57:

A small, dark brown, hoofed buffalo, Bubalus mindorensis, found only in Mindoro in the Philippines.


colocolo

From Spanish colocolo (“colocolo (cat)”), from Mapudungun Colo Colo (a creature in Mapuche mythology).

der

Leopardus colocolo, a small striped cat native to western central South America.


Geoffroy's cat

Named after the 19th-century French zoologist Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (1772–1844).

Leopardus geoffroyi
Leopardus geoffroyi#Translingual

Leopardus geoffroyi, probably the most common wild cat in South America.


marbled cat

Pardofelis marmorata
Pardofelis marmorata#Translingual

Pardofelis marmorata, a cat similar in size to the domestic cat, with a longer, more thickly furred tail.


anthracothere

From scientific Latin Anthracotherium (genus name; see Anthracotherium § Etymology). By surface analysis, anthraco- + -there from Ancient Greek θηρίον (thēríon, “beast”).

One mysterious anthracocthere known as Diplopus […] entered Europe just before la grande coupure, presumably by swimming the Turgai Strait.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: The First 100 Million Years, Penguin, published 2019, page 86:

(paleontology) Any of several artiodactyl ungulates, of the extinct family Anthracotheriidae, related to the hippopotamus.

antracotério

any of several artiodactyl ungulates of the extinct family Anthracotheriidae


fishing cat

A medium-sized cat whose habitat range extends through Indochina, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Sumatra and Java; (Prionailurus viverrinus).


desert cat

Felis silvestris
Felis silvestris#Translingual

Felis silvestris lybica, a subspecies of the wildcat (Felis silvestris).


African wildcat

en-noun

African wildcat (plural African wildcats)

Felis silvestris lybica, a subspecies of Felis silvestris (wildcat).


cetartiodactyl

Cetartiodactyls are by far the most populous of the two ungulate groups today, but it wasn’t always so.

2018 March 7, Elsa Panciroli, The Guardian:

(zoology) Any of a large group of animals, of the clade Cetartiodactyla, including the whales and even-toed ungulates.


gomphothere

From Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos, “nail, peg, fastener, joint”) + θηρίον (thēríon, “beast”).

uder

The main lineage, the bunodont gomphotheres (called bunomastodonts by some authors), can be traced from Phiomia (from the Oligocene of North Africa) to Gomphotherium (a widespread Miocene genus), Tetralophodon (from the Old World and North America), and Stegomastodon (from the late Tertiary and early Pleistocene of North and South America).[…]Compared to the simple molars of the mastodonts, gomphothere molars are complex, with additional rounded cusps and accessory conules that wear to a complicated trefoil pattern.

1980, Björn Kurtén, Elaine Anderson, Pleistocene Mammals of North America, page 346:

In contrast, the early gomphotheres have lowcrowned bunodont cheek teeth that are adapted for crushing and grinding rather than cutting.[…]The elephantids emerged from gomphothere stock near the end of the Miocene.

2006, Thure Cerling, John M. Harris, Meave G. Leakey, “12: Environmentally Driven Dietary Adaptations in African Animals”, in James R. Ehleringer, Thure Cerling, M. Denise Dearing, editors, A History of Atmospheric CO₂ and Its Effects on Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems, page 263:

These now-extinct animals would have included the gomphotheres, massive extinct relatives of modern elephants, that were obviously plant eaters and flourished in Central America for most of the past five million years.

2013, Peter Crane, Ginkgo: The Tree That Time Forgot, page 159:

Any of the extinct proboscideans of the family Gomphotheriidae, that lived in North America and Eurasia during the Miocene and Pliocene (12—1.6 million years ago), and latterly also in South America (around 3 million to 9100 years ago).


proboscidean

Any of various large, herbivorous mammals, of the order Proboscidea, that have a trunk; an elephant.


mesonychian

Any of several extinct carnivorous mammals of the order Mesonychia.


pakicetid

Any of a group of extinct mammals of the family †Pakicetidae.


Nubian lion

East African lion
East African lion#English


Barbary lion

Barbary lions had been believed extinct in the wild since the mid-twentieth century, survived only by a few odds and bods of DNA carried in captive individuals descended from Haile Selassie's private collection.

Panthera leo leo
Panthera leo leo#Translingual

(zoology) Any of the North African population, now extinct in the wild, of the lion subspecies Panthera leo leo.


plains zebra

The most common species of zebra, Equus quagga (formerly Equus burchellii)


riverine rabbit

en-noun

riverine rabbit (plural riverine rabbits)

A critically endangered species of rabbit from South Africa, Bunolagus monticularis.


Etruscan bear

1968 [Transaction Publishers], Björn Kurtén, Pleistocene Mammals of Europe, 2017, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), page 120,
The first Etruscan bears were small, about the size of the modern Asiatic black bear; but they tended to increase in size and the terminal forms were as large as a brown bear.

About 2.5 million years ago the Auvergne bear gave rise to the Etruscan bear. Fossil remains from Spain, France, Italy, and China suggest that Etruscan bears were about the size of modern American black bears and were gradually increasing in size.[…]The Etruscan bear, about 2 million years ago, gave us the grizzly bear.

2012, Andrew E. Derocher, Polar Bears, Johns Hopkins University Press, page 36:

It^([the Auvergne bear]) appears to have given rise to the Etruscan bear (Ursus etruscus), which is so similar to the Asian black bear that some researchers consider them to be one and the same. In a fairytalelike twist, the Etruscan bear gave rise to Europe's three bears of yore: the brown bear, the cave bear and the polar bear.

2018, Tim Flannery, Luigi Boitani, Europe: A Natural History, Text Publishing, page 140:

An extinct species of bear, †Ursus etruscus, endemic to Europe, Asia and North Africa during the Pliocene and Pleistocene (approximately 5.3 million to 100,000 years ago).


Ethiopian wolf

Ethiopian wolf (plural Ethiopian wolves)

The Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) is Africa’s most endangered carnivore, and arguably the world’s most endangered canid.

2018 May 25, Eric Hilaire, The Guardian:

Canis simensis
Canis simensis#Translingual

Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ mąʼiiłchííʼ


red-shanked douc

red-shanked douc (plural red-shanked doucs)

Pygathrix nemaeus
Pygathrix nemaeus#Translingual

A colorful Southwest Asian monkey, Pygathrix nemaeus.


silvery gibbon

A gibbon (Hylobates moloch), found in Java.


pygmy giant panda

pygmy giant panda (plural pygmy giant pandas)

The earliest known ancestor of the giant panda, †Ailuropoda microta, now extinct.


bear cat

Arctictis binturong
Arctictis binturong#Translingual

A binturong (Arctictis binturong, in the family Viverridae).


cat bear

Next the Red Foliot called for his Cat-bears, that stood before him foxy-red above but with black bellies, round furry faces, and innocent amber eyes, and soft great paws, and tails barred alternately with ruddy rings and creamy; and he said, “O Cat-bears, dance before us, since dearly we delight in your dancing.”

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros, London: Jonathan Cape, page 34:

Ailurus fulgens
Ailurus fulgens#Translingual

(obsolete) A red panda (Ailurus fulgens).


lesser panda

→ Japanese: レッサーパンダ (ressā panda)

→ Korean: 레서판다 (reseopanda)


Portuguese Water Dog

Portuguese Water Dog (plural Portuguese Water Dogs)

/ˌpɔːtʃəɡiːz ˈwɔːtə dɒɡ/

/ˌpɔɹtʃəɡiːz ˈwɔtɚ dɔɡ/

A water spaniel breed of gun dog originating in Portugal.


water dog

A retriever type of gun dog bred to flush and retrieve game from water.


Komondor

Komondor (plural Komondors or Komondorok)

The coat of the Komondor is extraordinarily profuse and generally matted into a veritable fleece of extreme density.

1948, Brian Seymour Vesey-FitzGerald, The Book of the Dog, page 551:

In 1981 there were 36 known ranchers in North Dakota that had 52 Great Pyrenees (44 working and 8 training) and 2 working Komondor dogs.

1982, Proceedings - Vertebrate Pest Conference, page 56:

For example, the Komondor has a naturally long white coat of matted hair while a Labrador Retriever has short hair that can be sand colored, black or brown.

2010, Barry Eaton, Dominance in Dogs: Fact Or Fiction?, unnumbered page:

A large Hungarian breed of livestock guard dog with a long, corded coat.


Bergamasco

Bergamasco (plural Bergamascos or Bergamaschi)

Bergamascos (plural)
Bergamaschi (plural)

A medium-sized breed of herding dog originating in the Italian Alps, known for its heavily matted coat resembling dreadlocks.


Lithuanian Hound

Lithuanian Hound (plural Lithuanian Hounds)

A large, powerful scenthound originating in Lithuania.


American Bulldog

American Bulldog (plural American Bulldogs)


Alaskan Malamute

Alaskan Malamute (plural Alaskan Malamutes)

(zoology) A relatively large breed of sled dog, sometimes mistaken for the Siberian Husky.

阿拉斯加馬拉穆 /阿拉斯加马拉穆

Ālāsījiā mǎlāmù


Bullmastiff

A breed of very large mastiff originally bred to immobilize poachers.


Basenji

From Lingala mbwá na basɛ́nzi (“dogs of the savages; dogs of the villagers”). First use appears c. 1906.

der

(zoology) A hunting dog of a particular African breed.


Kuvasz

From Hungarian kuvasz (“Kuvasz”), from Turkish kavas (“guard”). Attested in English from 1935.

A large, usually white breed of dog with its ancient origins in Hungary.


barbet

→ Irish: bairbéad

From French barbe (“beard; long hair of certain animals”).

bor

1839 John Obadiah Westwood: An Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects
Réaumur, in his account of the insects which attack the aphides, has described the larva of a Coleopterous insect, which he names "l'hérisson blanc", or "le barbet blanc", of small size, and remarkable for having the body clothed with small bundles of oblong, white, cotton-like "touffes" ... I have met with this larva ... it evidently ... belongs to some species of the genus Scymnus.

Any larva of an indefinite number of species of the beetle family Coccinellidae, that is covered in waxy threads and feeds on aphids and similar small prey.


Hungarian Kuvasz

en-noun

Hungarian Kuvasz (plural Hungarian Kuvasz or Hungarian Kuvaszok)

Hungarian Kuvasz (plural)
Hungarian Kuvaszok (plural)


Mudi

A breed of herding dog originating in Hungary.


Hungarian hound

Hungarian hound (plural Hungarian hounds)

A breed of hunting dog originating in Hungary.


Spanish Water Dog

Spanish Water Dog (plural Spanish Water Dogs)

/ˌspænɪʃ ˈwɔːtə dɒɡ/

/ˌspænɪʃ ˈwɔtɚ dɔɡ/

A herding water dog originating in Spain.


spider monkey

brown-headed spider monkey

black-headed spider monkey, Ateles fusciceps

hooded spider monkey

Geoffroy's spider monkey, Ateles geoffroyi

Any New World monkey of the genus Ateles, with long, spindly limbs.

A muriqui, New World monkey of the genus Brachyteles, closely related to Ateles.


brush wolf

a small wolf found in western North America


steenbok

From Afrikaans steenbok, from Dutch steenbok.

A common small antelope of southern and eastern Africa, Raphicerus campestris.


Bichon Frisé

A small bichon with white fur and dark eyes and nose, originating in Spain, Belgium and France.


musteloid

(zoology) Any of many mammals of the superfamily Musteloidea, including the weasels, raccoons, red pandas, and skunks.


suricate

The meerkat, a member of the mongoose family.


macropodine

Any marsupial of the subfamily Macropodinae


Kodiak bear

The largest brown bear, Ursus arctos middendorffi, found on Kodiak Island off the south coast of Alaska, United States.


Kodiak

From Russian Кадьяк (Kadʹjak), from Aleut qikertaq (“island”).

A town in Alaska: see Wikipedia:Kodiak, Alaska


sun bear

A species of relatively small bears, Helarctos malayanus, found in Southeast Asia.


furze-pig

Wherever there be a gate, or even an apology for one, consisting of a gapway jammed full of a combination of what are mostly called brambles, the near neighbourhood of the same where it opens, or should open, on the field, is always a good place, and one that may well be taken advantage of, more especially if the furze-pig be the bait employed; while a nest of eggs neatly arranged on the top of an adjacent portion of the hedgerow, devoid of bushes, is equally likely to bring the crows into the gins set about for them.

1884, William Carnegie, “Winged Vermin”, in Practical Game Preserving, page 457:

For mowdewart and marmot; for furze-pig / and parmaceti; for feline / and anserine; for Lawrence the tod.

1982, Sheenagh Pugh, “I think someone might write an elegy”, in Poetry Wales, volume 17, number 4, archived from the original on 2015-10-31:

It's not only writers who require creative accounts or an ability to connect discordant events, but most of the rest of everyone else, too, wants to sort fiends into parsimonious piles. In view of those desires, Can I be Rare, Toos sixty-four tales are one part canard, one part forced teleology, and several parts enthusiastic furze-pig'. They are, also, one hundred per cent fun.

2017, KJ Hannah Greenberg, “Preface”, in Can I Be Rare, Too?, Bards and Sages Publishing:


pygmy chimpanzee

pygmy chimpanzee (plural pygmy chimpanzees)


oolacunta

The fabulous oolacunta, a rat kangaroo that is now extinct, streaked across the desert at speeds that made it seem to float above the ground.

2007 July 25, William Grimes, “A Zoologist With a Pouch of Stories”, in New York Times:

An extinct marsupial, the desert rat kangaroo (Caloprymnus campestris), that lived in a sand-ridge and gibber-plain habitat in south-western Queensland and north-eastern Australia.


elephant polo

(sports) A variety of polo played while riding elephants rather than horses.


bluely

The Sussex fishermen call the porpoise 'Bluely'.

(UK dialectal, Sussex, obsolete) Porpoise.


blesbuck

A type of damalisk (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi), an African antelope closely related to the hartebeest.


cattelo

cattelo (usually uncountable, plural cattelo or catteloes)

“They purposely crossed bison with domestic cattle to make a better beef animal,” which they called cattelo, said James Derr, a geneticist at the Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine.

2007 January 9, Jim Robbins, “Strands of Undesirable DNA Roam With Buffalo”, in New York Times:

A cross between domestic cattle and buffalo.


Southdown

I saw a Southdown or two among the others in the flock.

One of a particular English breed of small sheep with short wool and no horns.


quaddie

From quadrella + -ie (“diminutive suffix”).

2003 March 22, Craig Sherborne, Footy′s Man of Passion, The Herald Sun, republished in 2003, Garrie Hutchinson (editor), The Best Australian Sports Writing 2003, page 82,
He was a footballer, hard-boned, smart-mouthed, with an eye on the quaddie at Flemington.

I had the quaddie in Melbourne if Alinghi won.

2004 November 21, Josh Button, “Cup tips”, in aus.sport.rugby-league (Usenet):

2006, Mike Dillon, From The Horses Mouth: The Keith Haub Story, 2010, HarperCollins Publishers (New Zealand), unnumbered page,
With only the last race to run the trio each had a $1 quaddie unit if Brent Thomson managed to get over the line in front.

For the Fourth week in a row I have had 3 live legs of the Quaddie only to be dudded by West Coast the last two!

2007 July 16, gF, “Screw Fremantle”, in aus.sport.aussie-rules (Usenet):

(Australia, gambling, horse racing, colloquial) A quadrella, a type of bet requiring the bettor to pick the winners of four nominated races at the same track; a bet requiring the selection of four winners of specified matches in a given round of a sporting competition.


hedgepig

Thrice, and once the hedge-pig whined.

a. 1606, William Shakespeare, Macbeth, act 4, scene 1, line 2:

That sheeted heifer of Prowse’s is all wrong; her coat stares like a hedgepig's. Tell Jewell to go up and bring her in before night.

1855, Charles Kingsley, “Clovelly Court in the Olden Time”, in Westward Ho!, 4th edition, Boston: Ticknor and Fields, published 1857, page 91:


habiline

By around 2.3 million years ago, the first tentative record emerges of a new species, a habiline. Habilines, still poorly understood, are the “missing link” between apes and humans.

2009, Richard Wrangham, Catching Fire: How Cooking Made Us Human, Basic Books, page 4:

A specimen of the now extinct species Homo habilis.


habiline

Finally, new finds from Olduvai prompted Leakey, Tobias and Napier (1964) to recognize a new form, Homo habilis. Although the post-cranial elements of this find are no longer believed to be habiline, further finds[…]suggest that there is indeed a reality to this species.

1985, Charles E. Oxnard, Humans, Apes and Chinese Fossils: New Implications for Human Evolution, Hong Kong University Press, page 7:

Sexual division of labor may be as old as the habiline hominids (H. habilis, ± 2.5 mya), who in all probability practiced a flexible subsistence strategy of "ecological opportunism optimized by tool use"[…].

1995, Johan Matheus Gerardus van der Dennen, The Origin of War: The Evolution of a Male-Coalitional Reproductive Strategy, Origin Press, page 572


heffalump

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-heffalump.wav

Probably a childish mispronunciation of elephant, perhaps influenced by half a lump (as in "I'll have half a lump of sugar in my tea"), coined by the English author Alan Alexander Milne (1882–1956) as the name of an imaginary animal in his book Winnie-the-Pooh (1926). The animal was not described in the book, but the illustrator Ernest Howard Shepard (1879–1976) depicted it as an elephant.
Sense 2 (“something which is elusive”) refers to the fact that in Milne’s book the characters Winnie-the-Pooh and Piglet set a trap for, but are unable to capture, a heffalump.

coinage

We went to the zoo and saw some heffalumps.

Mrs. Jumbo stood at the door with the baby heffalump in her arms. She waved a large blue handkerchief and heffalump waved his little white paws. "Goodbye, Daddy Jumbo, Goodbye" they cried. "Goodbye Mummy Jumbo, goodbye baby heffalump."

1973, The Malahat Review, Victoria, B.C.: University of Victoria, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 82:

From time to time to time, bones clearly recognized as those of elephants have been found in the North Temperate Zone. In Western Europe the explanation always was, "These are the remains of the army-elephants of Hannibal the Carthaginian." […

1983 January, Avram Davidson, “Adventures in Unhistory: What Gave All Those Mammoths Cold Feet?”, in [George H. Scithers], editor, Amazing Science Fiction Stories, volume 28, number 9, Lake Geneva, Wis.: Dragon Publishing, TSR Hobbies, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 90:

Yeees, we're going to the zoo to see animals. There are lions and tiggers and snakes and heffalumps.

2007, Nuno Morais, chapter 1, in Margaret Hart, transl., Spare Parts (Unholy Commerce; 1), Chicago, Ill.: Babelcube, published April 2020, →ISBN:

In the "Heffalumps and Woozles" ditty from Winnie the Pooh, elephants—those would be the heffalumps—wear tuxedos and use their trunks as accordions and suddenly turn blue. Fantastical, to be sure, but it's downright unimaginative compared to what European natural historians used to believe about the elephant: That it has no knees and it can't have sex until it eats the ridiculously toxic mandrake root, and even when it successfully mates, dragons eat its baby.

2014 May 11, Matt Simon, “Fantastically Wrong: History’s Most Hilarious Misconceptions About the Elephant”, in Wired, San Francisco, Calif.: Condé Nast Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2020-07-20:

(chiefly childish, humorous) (A child's name for) an elephant.


shar-pei

Borrowed from Cantonese 沙皮 (saa¹ pei⁴, “sandpapery skin”).

bor

A dog of a distinctive breed with deep wrinkles, especially when young, a blue-black tongue, and a rough short coat.


elephantry

From elephant + -ry, by analogy with infantry and cavalry.

But, juſt before we took the Field, we demoliſhed our Elephantry, and to be more on a Level with the Baboons, introduced Monkies upon lean Cats, and thoſe too a little wild, becauſe we could maintain them very cheap, Monkies being content with Nuts, and Cats with any Thing.

1747 February 5, “Nº 83. Thursday, February 5, 1747”, in The Fool: Being a Collection of Essays and Epistles, Moral, Political, Humourous^([sic]), and Entertaining. Published in the Daily Gazetteer. With the Author's Preface, and a Complete Index, volume II, London: Printed, and sold, by Nutt, Cooke and Kingman, at the Royal Exchange; [et al.], published 1748, →OCLC, pages 258–259:

The king replied in a proclamation to his subjects that he was going to appear in person "with large forces of infantry, artillery, elephantry, and cavalry, by land and water, and with the might of his army efface these heretic Kalas, and annex their country."

1889, William W[otherspoon] Ireland, Through the Ivory Gate: Studies in Psychology and History, Edinburgh: Bell & Bradfute, 12 Bank Street; London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co., and Hamilton, Adams & Co., →OCLC, page 309:

The elephantry always preceded the army and was primarily used to clear the road, demolish enemy forts, launch night attacks and for defending their own forts and in transporting war materials.

2003, Jyoti Prasad Rajkhowa, Generalissimo Chilarai and His Times: A Historical Biography, 2nd edition, Ghy, Assam, India: Vikram Publishers, →OCLC, page 390:

Ashok maintained a large army (infantry) more than nine lakhs, a few thousand cavalries and elephantries.

2005, K. K. Sinha, “A Brief History of the Ancient Indian Achievements”, in Oriental and Western Science and Cosmology, Mumbai: Allied Publishers, →ISBN, page 31:

(military, historical) That branch of an army that uses elephants.

Battle of Zama
Henri-Paul Motte
Second Punic War


hippotigrine

en-adj

hippotigrine (comparative more hippotigrine, superlative most hippotigrine)

more hippotigrine (comparative)
most hippotigrine (superlative)

From the Ancient Greek ἵππος (híppos, “horse”) + τίγρις (tígris, “tiger”), describing a 'tiger-like striped' equine, + -ine.

Hippotigrine black and white stripe patterns are fairly popular on cushions and furniture


beardy

The fascinating "beardie" is not a tit at all, but belongs to an Asian family, the parrotbills.

1988, Michael Cady, Rob Hume, editors, The Complete Book of British Birds, page 242:

(informal) A bearded person or animal:
A bearded reedling.

But she always kept her distance whenever one of my beardies was out of its cage, as if Moose merely acted like a good-natured lap lizard to throw her off[…].

It is impossible to determine the sex of beardies as babies or juveniles, so if you are thinking of breeding them, you may have to buy four or five and raise them in individual enclosures.

2007, Steve Grenard, Bearded Dragon, page 52:

The bearded dragon will reach its adult length by one year. Baby beardies quickly grow into long, strong lizards!

2008, Suzanne Buckingham, Meet the Bearded Dragon, page 20:

(informal) A bearded person or animal:
A bearded dragon.

Beardies grow fast. They grow like a weed and can be as unsightly as one.

1996, Andrew De Prisco, James Burris Johnson, Choosing a Dog for Life, page 73:

Beardies take two to three years to mature, so be prepared for typical puppy activity during this time.

2005, Don Burke, The Complete Burke's Backyard: The Ultimate Book of Fact Sheets, page 754:

(informal) A bearded person or animal:
A bearded collie.

Loaches (or beardies) often also thinned our preserves, and in this they were occasionally helped by small eels. Whenever beardies got within an enclosure containing only creepers and caddis worms, in a very short space of time the beardies alone were left, so rapacious are these small fishes.

1864, John Younger, River Angling for Salmon and Trout : With a Memoir and List of the Tweed Salmon Casts, page 180:

(informal) A bearded person or animal:
Any of several kinds of fish; a loach.


pocket gopher

The pocket gophers are New World endemics for which the fossil history commences in the late Miocene (Kurtén and Anderson, 1980).

1998, B. J. Verts, Leslie N. Carraway, Land Mammals of Oregon, page 223:

Produced by pocket gophers, which push soil upward as they burrow along under the surface, soil tubes are most apparent where the soil is rocky.

2005, Ernest H. Williams Jr., The Nature Handbook : A Guide to Observing the Great Outdoors, page 158:

Four species of pocket gophers are currently found within the Great Basin, all of which belong to the genus Thomomys.

2011, Donald K. Grayson, The Great Basin: A Natural Prehistory, page 196:

Any of the burrowing rodents of the family Geomyidae, regarded as the "true" gophers.


blackbuck

en-noun

blackbuck (plural blackbucks or blackbuck)

Antilope cervicapra
Antilope cervicapra#Translingual

An Indian antelope, Antilope cervicapra.


testiere

From Middle English tester, from Old French testier(e), whence also French têtière (older testière).

(historical) Complete armour for a horse's head.


mehari

From Arabic مَهَارٍ (mahārin, “a mehari camel or dromedary”), from مَهَرَ (mahara, “to be deft or skillful”)

der

A type of fast-running dromedary camel, which can be used for racing or transport.


xenarthran

/zəˈnɑɹθɹən/

From Ancient Greek ξένος (xénos, “strange”) + ἄρθρον (árthron, “joint”).

Elephant-shrews, xenarthrans, hystricognathous rodents, cetaceans, some pinnipeds, and primates depart sharply from this trend, however.

1978, Terry A. Vaughan, James M. Ryan, Nicholas J. Czaplewski, Mammalogy, page 355:

Xenarthrans appear to have originated in South America and to have undergone their major adaptive radiation there (Reig 1981).

2000, John F. Eisenberg, Kent H. Redford, Mammals of the Neotropics, volume 3, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, page 90:

Only four xenarthran families are extant today, providing little indication of the past richness of the order.

2008, Christine Argot, “3: Changing Views in Paleontology: The Story of a Giant (Megatherium, Xenarthra)”, in Eric J. Sargis, Marian Dagosto, editors, Mammalian Evolutionary Morphology: A Tribute to Frederick S. Szalay, page 37:

2010, Ana Maria Jansen, André Luiz Rodrigues Roque, 11: Domestic and Wild Mammalian Reservoirs, Jenny Telleria, Michel Tibayrenc, American Trypanosomiasis: Chagas Disease: One Hundred Years of Research, page 249,
Marsupials and xenarthrans, which represented the autochthonous mammalian fauna, were T. cruzi’s first hosts.

(zoology) Any mammal of the superorder Xenarthra, of the Americas; an anteater, armadillo or sloth.


softly-softly

(regional, western or central Africa) The potto, Perodicticus potto, a primate in the family Lorisidae.


Shiba Inu

/ˌʃiːbə ˈiːnuː/

Even Dogecoin, a cryptocurrency that began as a joke with a perpetually surprised Shiba Inu dog for its symbol, has soared almost 1,000 percent over the last week to set a record.

2021 February 8, Nathaniel Popper, “Elon Musk and Snoop Dogg Push Cryptocurrencies to Record Highs”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

A dog of a small, agile Japanese breed originally used for hunting.


American mink

en-noun

American mink (plural American minks or American mink)

American minks (plural)
American mink (plural)

Mustela vison
Mustela vison#Translingual

(uncountable) A species of small mustelid, Mustela vison, that lives near water.


mantled guereza

mantled guereza (plural mantled guerezas)

A colobus monkey, a kind of Old World monkey, Colobus guereza


goldie

Incredibly, the reactions of the dogs differed between the instances. […] "It's the pursed lips that do it for me," said another comment: "My goldie used to do the same."

2022 July 5, Alice Gibbs, “Golden Retriever's Reaction to Missing Snack Time Delights Internet”, in Newsweek:

Something which is golden in color.
(informal) A Golden Retriever.

Something which is golden in color.
A Golden Retriever.


lemuroid

In M. laniger the canine and most anterior premolar are more equal than in any other Lermuroid, or indeed than in any other Primate except Man.

1832, Zoological society of London, “Mr. St. George Mivart On Microrhynchus.”, in Proceedings of the Zoological society of London (1832), page 155:

Supernumary or vestigal mammae may occur anywhere along the mammary line extinding from axilla to groin. Among lemuroids, however (cf. Shultz 1948), usually one but frequently up to three well-developed mammary pairs are pectoral (including axial), one pair abdominal and one or two pairs inguinal.

1977, Philip Hershkovitz, “4 Some Descriptive, Diagnostic, Quasi-diagnostic, and Primitive Mammalian Characters of Living Primates”, in Living New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) - with an introduction to Primates, volume 1, →ISBN, Mammae, page 18:

At a meeting of the Royal Society held on June 15, 1893, C.I. Forsyth Major descirbed the skull of an extinct Malagasy primate, the first to come to scientific attention (Major, 1894). Since that time, the subfossil remains of some six genera and 12 species of extinct lemuroids have been recovered in Madagascar, many of them represented by quite abundant material.

1987, Russell L. Ciochon, John G. Fleagle, “10 Notes on the Cranial Anatomy of the Subfossil Malagasy Lemurs”, in Primate evolution and human origins, →ISBN, page 72:

A member of the Lemuroidea superfamily of strepsirrhine primates, including lemurs


sabino

Any of various trees:
bald cypress (Taxodium distichum).

Taxodium distichum
Taxodium distichum#Translingual

Any of various trees:
ahuehuete (Taxodium mucronatum)

Any of various trees:
rock cedar (Juniperus ashei)

Any of various trees:
Magnolia splendens


sable antelope

I saw a rhinoceros, buffalo (a large herd), eland, quagga, and sable antelope, the most beautiful of all the bucks, not to mention many smaller varieties of game, and three ostriches which scudded away at our approach like white drift before a gale.

1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:

A large antelope, of species Hippotragus niger, of eastern and southern Africa.


catloaf

And Gary never got to see him do the full catloaf, where he curled up face-down so that all that stuck out were the tips of his ears. I never got a picture of that, either.

1999 December 3, Ailsa N Murphy, “Re: RIP, Silver-The-Cat”, in rec.arts.sf.fandom (Usenet), archived from the original on 2024-07-12:

One must often attend to the tail and ensure it remains tucked and not become flippant, so as to maintain a catloaf of presentable form.

2004 January 9, Franz Bestuchev, “Re: catloaf”, in alt.support.depression (Usenet), archived from the original on 2024-07-12:

"Catloaf" position with paws and tail tucked under the body: "Please do not disturb!"

2009, Brigitte Eilert-Overbeck, Cats, →ISBN, page 47:

I love the ‘catloaf’ expression, so one evening I just had to see if I could bake it for real. Thus catloaf [a loaf shaped like a catloaf] was born, simple as that.

2015 July 15, Lou Lou P., quotee, “Behold the Catloaf, Your Adorable Edible Friend”, in ABC News, archived from the original on 2023-03-18:

(slang) The loaflike form of a domestic cat in which it sits with its paws and tail tucked underneath its body.


sacred baboon

Papio hamadryas
Papio hamadryas#Translingual

A baboon (Papio hamadryas) which was worshiped in ancient Egypt, now found in Yemen and the Horn of Africa.


strepsirrhine

From Strepsirrhini (“a taxon of Primates”), itself formed from Ancient Greek στρέψις (strépsis, “a turning [inward]”) + ῥινός (rhinós, “nose”), referring to the sinuous (comma-shaped) appearance of the nostrils on the rhinarium (wet nose).

uder

(zoology) Any member of the clade Strepsirrhini, one of the two suborders of primates, besides haplorhines (which includes monkeys and apes).


saddle horse

I shall expect a new saddle horse, a suit of fine lace, and an infinite number of the most valuable Jewels.

[c. 1792], [Jane Austen], “The Three Sisters: a novel”, in Volume the First, page 161:

A horse that has been specially trained for riding, specifically the American Saddlebred.

кон за езда

a horse that has been specially trained for riding


sagoin

From a Tupian word, related to sai and apparently saki (from a Tupian word sagui).

A marmoset, especially of the genus Callithrix.


Sahiwal

Any of a breed of short-horned dairy cattle originating from the Sahiwal district.


hebra

The offspring of a cross between a horse sire and a zebra dam.


saimiri

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese saí-mirim (literally “little monkey”).

bor+

Any member of Saimiri, a taxonomic genus of South American arboreal monkeys comprising the squirrel monkeys.


Przewalski's horse

en-noun

Przewalski's horse (plural Przewalski's horses)

Named after Nikolai Przhevalsky (1839–1888), Russian geographer and explorer of Polish origin. Compare the taxonomic name Equus ferus przewalskii.

named-after

Gray wolves, red foxes, raccoon dogs, lynx and boars all reside in the exclusion zone, as do endangered Przewalski’s horses, which were introduced to the area about two decades ago.

2022 April 13, Emily Anthes, “A ‘Silent Victim’: How Nature Becomes a Casualty of War”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Equus ferus przewalskii
Equus ferus przewalskii#Translingual

A rare, endangered horse, Equus ferus przewalskii, native to the steppes of Central Asia.


batutut

John MacKinnon, studying orangutan ecology in the Malaysian state of Sabah, found footprints of the batutut […]

1988, Jeffrey A McNeely, Paul Spencer Sochaczewski, Soul of the tiger:

[…] the batutut was described as a type of ghost, a shy nocturnal creature about four feet tall, which walks upright like a man and has a long black mane.

2007, Jeff Meldrum, Sasquatch: Legend Meets Science:

From the guide's description, however, the batutut seems more aggressive […]

2009, Gregory Forth, Images of the Wildman in Southeast Asia:

A folkloric hairy hominid said to inhabit wilderness areas of Vietnam, Laos, and northern Borneo.


smilodon

From the sound of the smilodon’s roar, I knew he was far off.

1980, Gene Wolfe, chapter XX, in The Shadow of the Torturer (The Book of the New Sun; 1), New York: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 180:

Any member of the extinct genus Smilodon, the saber-toothed tigers.


bayard

From French bayard, from Middle French bayard, from Old French béart, bayart, baiart, boieart, boyart, bayard (“stretcher”), of uncertain origin. By surface analysis, bay + -ard.


bayard

coloured bay, reddish brown, notably said of equines


European wildcat

en-noun

European wildcat (plural European wildcats)

Felis silvestris silvestris, a subspecies of the wildcat.


Scottish wildcat

Scottish wildcat (plural Scottish wildcats)

Most at risk are the Scottish wildcat and the once-widespread black rat, while there is only a single male greater mouse-eared bat left.

2018 June 13, Damian Carrington, The Guardian:

A subspecies of European wildcat, Felis silvestris grampia, found in Scotland.


wild ass

Any of several wild equine mammals closely related to donkey, endemic to Asia and northeast Africa.


fed cattle

Even though the empirical analysis used here cannot formally test which of several possible factors is the cause of any asymmetry, it is important to establish theoretical reasons to expect spatial price adjustments for fed cattle to be asymmetric.

1989 December, DeeVon Bailey, B. Wade Brorsen, “Price Asymmetry in Spatial Fed Cattle Markets”, in Western Journal of Agricultrual Economics, volume 8, number 2, page 246:

(agriculture) Cattle leaving a feedlot, after fattening on a concentrated ration, that are ready to be sold to a packinghouse for slaughter.


esquilax

Coined in a 1995 episode of the animated TV show The Simpsons named "Lisa's Wedding", in which a Renaissance fair sideshow falsely promotes a normal rabbit as "a horse with the head of a rabbit and the body of a rabbit".
Possibly inspired by fanciful names for creatures from Medieval Latin (e.g. basilisk, cockatrice).

Yeah, well I get to run the Circus Sideshow, and the esquilaxes.

1997, Powdered TOAST Man, “TAN: The Weasel Strikes Back”, in aus.tv.x-files (Usenet):

In fact, I am also "really weakly omnipotent," because it is logically impossible for me to fly unaided, or transform myself into an esquilax, because I am a being who cannot do those things. But I can do anything which it is logically possible for me to do.

1999, Cabrutus, “is lack of evidence a reason to lack belief?”, in alt.atheism (Usenet):

I wasn't thinking of gray elephants in Denmark, I was thinking of white esquilaxes in the Domincan ^([sic]) Republic.

2001, Anonymous Weirdo, “Have a rest”, in sk.forsale (Usenet):

Could be worse... couldve ^([sic]) been an Esquilax.

2008, Jeßus, “Found some Hydrox”, in rec.food.cooking (Usenet):


lusern

Ne also weare in any maner apparell of his body or on his Hors[…]any Furres of Blake Jenettes or Luserns[…]

1532-3, The Statutes of the Realm, 24 Hen. VIII c. 13, page 430:

The Wild-cat, Lusern or luceret, or Ounce as some call it, is not inferiour to Lamb[…]

1674, John Josselyn, An account of two voyages to New-England:

[…]the King whereof being desirous of my friendship, sent vnto mee a quiuer made of a Luserns skinne full of arrowes[…]

1600, Richard Hakluyt, The principal nauigations, voyages, traffiques and discoueries of the English nation, page 333:


bettong

Recorded in English since 1830–40; from Dharug badang.

Bettongs rather resemble rats, having short noses, short, rounded ears, long hind feet and a naked muzzle tip.

Any of the marsupial genera Bettongia and Aepyprymnus; closely related to kangaroos.


jird

Probably from Arabic جُرَذ (juraḏ, “a rat”) in a vulgar pronunciation.

The jirds are treated with the suspension or solution obtained by this method. Only one jird is used for each compound for the primary screen.

1982, D. A. Denham, “6: Experience with a Screen for Macrofilaricidal Activity Using Transplanted Adult Brugia pahangi in the Peritoneal Cavities of Meriones unguiculatus”, in Dawn Owen, editor, Animal Models in Parasitology, The Macmillan Press Ltd, page 96:

1997, Harold Townson, Chapter 9: Infection of mosquitoes with filaria, J. M. Crampton, C. B. Beard, C. Louis, The Molecular Biology of Insect Disease Vectors, World Health Organization, Chapman & Hall, page 105,
The jird need not be anaesthetized prior to inoculation.

Escherichia coli has been isolated from jirds that have died of septicemia.

2012, Stephen A. Felt, Nancy L. Merrill, Fady I. Guirguis, Hussein I. Hussein, “Chapter 53: Egyptian Fat-Tailed Jird”, in Mark A. Suckow, Karla A. Stevens, Ronald P. Wilson, editors, The Laboratory Rabbit, Guinea Pig, Hamster, and Other Rodents, Elsevier (Academic Press), page 1165:

Any of various agricultural pest rodents of genus Meriones or rodents of certain species in the genera Sekeetamys, Brachiones, and sometimes Pachyuromys.


sajou

From French sajou, from a Tupian word sai wassu, sai-guaçū (literally “big monkey”).


sakeen

From Tibetan སྐྱིན (skyin, “Tibetan ibex”).


viverrid

(zoology) Any member of the family Viverridae


bezoar goat

Capra aegagrus
Capra aegagrus#Translingual

A wild goat, Capra aegagrus, native to Asia Minor and the Middle East and also found on Crete, now believed ancestral to the domestic goat.


haplorrhine

From Neo-Latin Haplorrhini, from Ancient Greek ἁπλόος (haplóos, “simple”) + ῥίς (rhís, “nose”).

uder

Any primate of the evolved clade (half of the order) which comprises all apes (including hominoids), monkeys and even (prosimian) tarsiers


gigster

(dated) A horse that pulls a gig (a two-wheeled carriage).


coywolf

Canis latrans
Canis latrans#Translingual

A hybrid of a coyote (Canis latrans) and a wolf.


piaffe

(dressage) A calm, composed, elevated trot in place.


adapoid

Any member of the genus †Adapoides of extinct primates.


omomyid

In Europe, beavers, hamsters, hedgehogs and rhinoceroses are migrating in from Asia, wiping out native European groups like omomyids, the nocturnal relatives of tarsiers and monkeys, and several families of hoofed mammal.

2022, Thomas Halliday, Otherworlds, Penguin, published 2023, page 64:

(zoology) Any member of the family †Omomyidae, a diverse group of extinct primates.


apeman

Only above the eyebrows, where the sloping forehead and low, curved skull of the ape-man were in sharp contrast to the broad brow and magnificent cranium of the European, could one see any marked difference.

1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

A prehistoric man resembling an ape, especially one held to be a precursor to modern humans; a non-human australopithecine.


stinkard

A teledu or stink badger, endemic to the island of Java, Mydaus javanensis.


douroucouli

From an unidentified South American Indian language, 19th c.

A New World monkey of the genus Aotus, which is active at night and has no pinna of the outer ear.


musk shrew

Suncus murinus
Suncus murinus#Translingual

A house shrew (Suncus murinus, syn. Sorex indicus)


otary

From Ancient Greek ὠτάριον (ōtárion, “little ear”), diminutive of οὖς (oûs, “ear”).


ailurophiliac

/ˌaɪljʊəɹəˈfɪlɪ.æk/

/aɪˌlʊɹəˈfɪliæk/

From ailuro- (“cat”, from Ancient Greek αἴλουρος (aílouros)) + -philiac.

confix

from Ancient Greek <i class="Polyt mention" lang="grc">αἴλουρος</i> (aílouros)

The year 1927 also produced a splendidly ailurophiliac Black Cat, with woodcuts by Gyula Zilzer, in Middle European style.

1981, American Book Collector, volume 2, Moretus Press, page 15:

She dies, he dies. They become transfigured in some sort of ailurophiliac heaven and live happily ever after.

1989, Nicolas Slonimsky, Lectionary of Music, McGraw-Hill, →ISBN, page 126:

Gautier’s love of cats was notable even in his ailurophiliac time and place: Nadar made a famous caricature of him sitting plump and happy in his study with a crowd of cats occupying every inch of available space.

2001, Katharine M. Rogers, The Cat and the Human Imagination: Feline Images from Bast to Garfield, University of Michigan Press, →ISBN, archived from the original on 2011-05-24, page 95:

Théophile Gautier’s love of cats was notable even in his ailurophiliac time and place. One of his favourites, Madame Théophile, was ‘so called because she lived with me on a footing of conjugal intimacy’, following him everywhere and at mealtime often hooking morsels ‘on their way from my plate to my mouth’.

2006, Katharine M. Rogers, Cat, Reaktion Books, →ISBN, archived from the original on 2006-09-29, page 91:

Appropriate or pleasing to ailurophiles.


pick six

(horse racing) A wager in which the bettor must correctly predict the winners of six consecutive races.


Neanderthal

→ Spanish: neandertal

Joachim Neander
Kalmbach Media
Neanderthal 1

From obsolete German Neanderthal, now spelled Neandertal, the name of a valley (German Tal, older also spelled Thal) near Düsseldorf where the first Neanderthal was discovered in 1856. A hollow near the valley was known as Neanderhöhle (“Neander Hollow”) and Neandershöhle (“Neander’s Hollow”) in the early 19th century, and the valley had been renamed to Neanderthal in 1850, in honour of the German Calvinist theologian and hymn writer Joachim Neander (1650–1680). Before, the valley was known as das Gesteins (literally “The Rocks [sg.]”) and Hundsklipp (literally “Dog Cliff”).
The name of Joachim Neander is based on the Ancient Greek translation (νέος (néos) + ᾰ̓νήρ (ănḗr)) of his original surname Neumann (“Newman”).
The pronunciation with the "th" sound (/θ/) is a spelling pronunciation; the original German word is pronounced with a "t" sound (/t/).

These injuries may reflect the rigors of hunting with the Neanderthals' limited repertoire of weapons; the Neanderthals never seem to have developed projectiles, so they would have to have gotten more or less on top of their prey in order to kill them.

2014, Elizabeth Kolbert, The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History, Picador, →ISBN, pages 250–251:

Homo neanderthalensis
Homo neanderthalensis#Translingual

A specimen of the now extinct species Homo neanderthalensis.


Akita

Borrowed from Japanese 秋(あき)田(た) (Akita).

The capital city of Akita Prefecture, Japan.


arni

Besides these three species and the zebu, the yak, the gayal, and the arni (not to mention the buffalo or genus Bubalus) have been domesticated; making altogether seven species of Bos.

1868, Charles Darwin, The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Vol. I.:

In the arni of India they are enormously long.

1904, Arthur Erwin Brown, “The Zoology of North American Big Game”, in American Big Game in Its Haunts:

Bubalus arnee
Bubalus arnee#Translingual


tsebe

[…] the Tsebe, or Spring-Boc, Prong-Boc, or Showy Goat, is perhaps the most graceful in its proportions, and beautifully varied in its colours, of all the antelope tribe.

c. 1856, Natural History, Charles Knight:

Pair of Antlers of Axis Deer and Horns of Spring-Boc, or Tsebe, Antidorcas Euchore.

1888, Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Natural History Transactions of Northumberland and Durham: Being Papers Read at the Meetings of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne and the Tyneside Naturalists' Field Club, page 275:


procyonid

(zoology) Any member of the family Procyonidae, a New World family of the order Carnivora, including the raccoons, coatis, kinkajous, olingos, ringtails and cacomistles.


olingo

Bassaricyon medius
Bassaricyon medius#Translingual

A small procyonid, of species Bassaricyon medius, resembling the kinkajou, native to the rainforests of Central and South America.


Japanese sea lion

en-noun

Japanese sea lion (plural Japanese sea lions)

A sea lion, of species †Zalophus japonicus, inhabiting the Sea of Japan, thought to have become extinct in the 1950s.


kaama

For, in the morning one of the Hottentots found at some distance from our station, the remains of a kaama or hartebeest, which had been devoured by a lion [...].

1824, William John Burchell, Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa, volume 2:

Very great numbers of the large game, buffaloes, zebras, giraffes, tsessébes, kamas or hartebeests, kokongs or gnus, pallahs, rhinoceroses, etc., congregated at some fountains near Kolobeng, and the trap called ‘hopo’ was constructed, in the lands adjacent, for their destruction.

1858, David Livingstone, Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa: