trammel

From Middle English trameyle, from Old French tramail (“net for catching fish”), from Late Latin tremaculum, from tri- (“tri-”) + macula (“spot, speck; mesh, cell”). Cognate with Italian tramaglio (“trammel”), Spanish trasmallo (“drift net”).

affix

A vertical bar with several notches or chain of rings suspended over a fire, used to hang cooking pots by a hook which has an easily adjustable height.

чатал

device to suspend cooking pots over a fire

крючо́к

для подве́шивания котла́ над огнём

A kind of shackle used for regulating the motions of a horse and making it amble.

(engineering) An instrument for drawing ellipses, one part of which consists of a cross with two grooves at right angles to each other, the other being a beam carrying two pins (which slide in those grooves), and also the describing pencil.


cockapoo

Blend of cocker spaniel + poodle with influence from cockatoo.

A cross between an American cocker spaniel and a miniature poodle.


mousy

en-adj

mousy (comparative mousier, superlative mousiest)

mousier (comparative)
mousiest (superlative)

From mouse + -y (forms adjectives from nouns).


bellwether

From Middle English belwether, belleweder, equivalent to bell + wether (“castrated ram”).

Several old ladies forthwith proclaimed their intention of following him; but, as one or two of them were deaf, and another had been threatened with an attack of that mild, but obstinate complaint, dementia senilis, many thought it was not so much the force of his arguments as a kind of tendency to jump as the bellwether jumps, well known in flocks not included in the Christian fold.

1861, Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., chapter XXXI, in Elsie Venner:

The leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck.

përçór

the leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck


rug

Uncertain; probably of North Germanic origin; perhaps inherited via Middle English *rugge (suggested by Middle English ruggy (“hairy, shaggy, bristly”) and rugged (“hairy, shaggy, rugged”)), from Old Norse rǫgg (“shagginess, tuft”), from Proto-Germanic *rawwō (“long wool”), probably related to *rūhaz (“rough”), related to English rag and rough.
Cognate with dialectal Norwegian rugga (“coarse coverlet”), Swedish rugg (“rough entangled hair”), related to English rag and rough. Compare also Old English rȳhe (“rug, rough covering, blanket”).

cog

(historical, now rare) A cloak or mantle made of such a frieze.

(colloquial) A dense growth of chest hair.

We're the motherfuckers be fightin' when the rugs [black prisoners] start wasting people around here.

1980, John Irwin, Prisons in Turmoil, page 212:

(US, slang, ethnic slur) Short for rughead.


langur

Borrowed from Hindustani لنگور / लंगूर (laṅgūr, “monkey”), from Sanskrit लाङ्गूल (lāṅgūla, “tail”) (compare लाङ्गूलिन् (lāṅgūlin, “tailed; monkey”)).

Any of the Old World monkeys of the subfamily Colobinae, in the genera Simias, Trachypithecus (lutungs), Presbytis (surilis), and Semnopithecus (gray langurs).


horsehide

en-noun

horsehide (countable and uncountable, plural horsehides)


tic-tac

(British) a system of sign language used by bookmakers at racecourses to communicate odds and bets; an associated group of words for each sign


racecourse

By Savernake the train was 4½min early; we then had the thrill of sweeping through Newbury at 95 m.p.h.—and one wonders if any of the punters on the neighbouring racecourse had any eyes for our flying cavalcade as we swept by, for it was a race day—[...].

1964 June, Cecil J. Allen, “Locomotive Running Past and Present”, in Modern Railways, page 387:

(British, Australia) A racetrack where horse races are run.

хиподрум

(UK) a racetrack where horse races are run


Lucy

Lucy
Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds
Saint Lucy

From Middle English Lucy, from Old French Lucie (notably after the Christian martyr Lucia of Syracuse), from Latin Lucia (feminine of Lucius, a Roman praenomen), from lux (“light”).
The name of the Australopithecus skeleton came from the Beatles song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", which was being played repeatedly at the dig site camp at the time of the discovery. The slang term for LSD also derives from the song name, which many believe is essentially a reference to the drug.

Here is Sir William Lucy, who with me / Set from our o'ermatch'd forces forth for aid.

A surname from Old French derived from place names in Normandy based on a male personal name, from Latin Lucius.


steamer

From steam + -er. The steamer duck or steamer (sense 6.2) is apparently named for its resemblance to a paddle steamer when swimming rapidly.

(horse racing) A racehorse the odds of which are becoming shorter (that is, decreasing) because bettors are backing it.


eyra

A slender, reddish-yellow wild cat (Puma yagouaroundi eyra) ranging from southern Brazil to Texas.


vika

Borrowed from Pijin vika, from Vangunu [Term?], a Solomon Islands language.

A large, tree-dwelling rodent (Uromys vika) found in the Solomon Islands


toque

From Middle French toque (“toque”), from Arabic طَاقِيَّة (ṭāqiyya).

A variety of bonnet monkey; toque macaque, Macaca sinica.

(historical) An African nominal money of account, equal to 40 cowries.


toque

1871. Assimilated from Canadian French tuque. Likely to be a hypercorrection from the time that toque was already in the dictionaries when they did not yet list tuque as a kind of hat. The French word tuque for hat is itself not strictly a deformation of French toque: it is also related to other meanings of tuque and to its former name bonnet à la turque (lit. Turkish-style bunnet/cap).

Such is the demented nature of the universe that I was too weak to properly respond to my being hit on by carloads of Betties and Veronicas—all except for the cheeky Cheryl Anderson who gave me ‘manual release’ the day I lost my eye-brows, followed by a flood of tears and the snapping of Polaroids in which I wear a knit toque. Gush gush.

1998, Douglas Coupland, chapter 1, in Girlfriend in a Coma:

It was like entering the Millennial id. Craft beer and cucumber water poured from kitchen taps. Laptoppers in jeans and toques clacked along to MGMT in the wood-paneled common area.

2018 March, Laura Bliss, “How WeWork Has Perfectly Captured the Millennial Id”, in The Atlantic:

(Canada) A knitted hat, usually conical but of varying shape, often woollen, and sometimes topped by a pom-pom or tassel.


bez

The second tine of an antler's beam, the bezantler.


phocine

From Latin phōca (“seal”) (from Ancient Greek φώκη (phṓkē)) + -ine.

Phocines anchor their hands by flexing their fingers, digging them into the substrate, and then pulling their body forward by elbow and shoulder flexion.

2007, Brian Keith Hall, Fins into Limbs, page 313:

(zoology) A member of the subfamily Phocinae, comprising the "true" or "earless" seals.


phoca

Borrowed from Latin phōca, from Ancient Greek φώκη (phṓkē).

His charet swift in haste he thither steard,
 Which with a teeme of scaly Phocas bound
 Was drawne vpon the waues, that fomed him around.

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

With tangled fins, behind, huge Phocæ glide,
 And Whales and Grampi swell the distant tide.

1789, Erasmus Darwin, The Loves of the Plants, J. Johnson, page 68:


field mouse

One of several species of mice in genus Akodon found in South America.


pika

From French, from an Evenki word which Peter Simon Pallas transcribes as piika or peeka, but which cannot be found in modern dictionaries.

Any of several small, furry mammals, similar to guinea pigs, but related to rabbits, of the family Ochotonidae, from the mountains of North America and Asia.


maned wolf

Chrysocyon brachyurus
Chrysocyon brachyurus#Translingual

One of species Chrysocyon brachyurus, the largest canid of South America,.


canid

The jaw indicates the beginning of a long tradition of the interment of dogs with people, which reveals a deep attachment between some people and canids.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 189:

Any member of the family Canidae, including canines (dogs, wolves, coyotes and jackals) and vulpines (foxes).


South American sea lion

South American sea lion (plural South American sea lions)

A sea lion, Otaria flavescens, found on the Chilean, Peruvian, Uruguayan and Argentine coasts, with a very large head with an upturned snout.


flying squirrel

flying squirrel (plural flying squirrels)

Lord Derby's scaly-tailed flying squirrel

Any of 43 species of squirrel-like rodents, which glide from tree to tree:

The tribe Pteromyini within the family Sciuridae, which are true squirrels.

The family Anomaluridae, which are only distantly related to the squirrels.


solenodon

Any of the family Solenodontidae of small nocturnal, burrowing, insectivorous mammals, with a long snout and venomous saliva.

almiquí

small nocturnal insectivorous mammal with long snout and venomous saliva


goat antelope

Any of a group of herbivore mammals, the subfamily Caprinae, that includes domestic sheep and goats.


gaja

Audio (US)

Transliteration of Sanskrit गज (gaja, “elephant; gaja”).

translit

(Hinduism) The sacred name for the elephant


wolf dog

One grisly old wolf-dog alone, with the liberty of an indulged favourite, had planted himself close by the chair of state, and occasionally ventured to solicit notice by putting his large hairy head upon his master’s knee, or pushing his nose into his hand.

1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter III, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC:

Bayan was a dog, a tall gray wolf-dog. He could jump over the table with a single bound.

1916, Arthur Ransome, “The Hut in the Forest”, in Old Peter's Russian Tales:

The wolfdog sprawls on his back, wriggling obscenely with begging paws, his long black tongue lolling out.

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 2]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:


keep the wolf from the door

en-verb

keep the wolf from the door (third-person singular simple present keeps the wolf from the door, present participle keeping the wolf from the door, simple past and past participle kept the wolf from the door)

keeps the wolf from the door (present singular third-person)
keeping the wolf from the door (participle present)
kept the wolf from the door (participle past)
kept the wolf from the door (past)

The original saying may have been keep the wolf from the gate, which dates from at least 1470. By the 1500s the saying had become keep the wolf from the door, with the current meaning that it bears: see, for example, the 1645 quotation.
There is a suggestion that the phrase may have originated from French or German phrases. Compare the French manger comme un loup (“eat like a wolf”), and the German Wolfsmagen (literally “wolf’s stomach”) means “a keen appetite”.

nb...

in Metre, from the First Begynnyng of Englande, vnto the Reigne of Edwarde the Fourth, where He Made an End of His Chronicle. And from that Tyme is Added with a Continuacion of the Storie in Prose to this Our Tyme. Now First Emprinted, Gathered out of Diuerse and Soundrie Autours, of Most Certain Knowelage and Substanciall Credit, that either in Latin, or els in Our Mother Toungue, haue Writen of the Affaires of Englande.

Containing an Account of Public Transactions from the Earliest Period of English History to the Beginning of the Reign of King Edward the Fourth. Together with the Continuation by Richard Grafton, to the Thirty Fourth Year of King Henry the Eighth. The Former Part Collated with Two Manuscripts of the Author’s Own Time; the Last, with Grafton’s Duplicate Edition. To which are Added a Biographical and Literary Preface, and an Index, by Henry Ellis.

cog

They didn't earn much, but it was enough to keep the wolf from the door.

I'll grab a sandwich to keep the wolf from the door until dinner time.

And my calling be simple and poor, / Yet will I endeavour myself / To keep off the wolf from the door.

a. 1609, “Plain Dealing Man”, in Robert Bell, editor, Ancient Poems, Ballads, and Songs of the Peasantry of England, published 1857:

Indeed 'tis very fitting that He or She ſhould have wherewith to ſupport both, according to their quality, at leaſt to keep the Wolf from the Door, otherwiſe 'twere a meer madneſs to Marry; […]

1645 May 8 (Gregorian calendar), James Howell, “LX. To Tho. Young, Esq”, in Epistolæ Ho-Elianæ. Familiar Letters Domestic and Forren. […], 3rd edition, volume I, London: […] Humphrey Mos[e]ley, […], published 1655, →OCLC, section VI, page 284:

This pittance, with a rake-off on photographs and autographs, ought to enable the heroic Viking [Fridtjof Nansen] to meet his coal-bin unflinchingly and keep the wolf from his door next summer.

1897 December 2, Joseph Smith, “The Fakir and the Milch Cow”, in Life, volume XXX, number 780, New York, N.Y.: Life Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 465, column 3:

No first night or ball was complete without him, Sagan. The very mention of his name in their articles must have kept the wolf from the door of needy reporters.

1898, Eliot Gregory, Worldly Ways & Byways, Charles Scribner's Sons:

I keep the wolf from the door but he calls me up / Calls me on the phone, tells me all the ways that he's gonna mess me up

2003, “A Wolf at the Door”, in Hail to the Thief, performed by Radiohead:

(idiomatic) To ward off poverty or hunger.


red fox

en-noun

red fox (countable and uncountable, plural red foxes)

Vulpes vulpes
Vulpes vulpes#Translingual

(countable) A common species of fox, Vulpes vulpes native to North America, Asia, Europe and North Africa; small, with reddish fur, but larger than the arctic fox.


cottontop tamarin

cottontop tamarin (plural cottontop tamarins)

A small New World monkey with a long crest, white hairs from forehead to nape flowing over the shoulders, Saguinus oedipus


schooling

schooling (countable and uncountable, plural schoolings)

(dressage) The training of a horse at dressage.


sapiens

From translingual Homo sapiens, from Latin sapiēns, present active participle of sapiō (“discern, be capable of discerning”).

The earliest sapiens were gatherers, scavengers, and hunters of food.

2000, William H. Libaw, How we got to be human: subjective minds with objective bodies, page 277:

Even if we assume that the rate of change was slow and the evolving population large, we must still assume that sapiens was rather isolated.

2005, Sherwood L. Washburn, Classification and Human Evolution, page 335:


olifant

From Middle English olifaunt, from Old French oliphaunt, from Latin elephantus. See elephant.

And he sang them the staves of the Olifant, the magic horn,—how Roland would not sound it in his pride, and sounded it at Turpin’s bidding, but too late[.]

1866, Charles Kingsley, chapter 35, in Hereward the Wake, London: Nelson, page 479:

(historical) An ancient hunting horn, made of ivory.


sticks

It was a maiden race over the "sticks," and the trainer's instructions were to slip off and make the running throughout.

1902, Outing: Sport, Adventure, Travel, Fiction, volume 40, page 469:

Do they prefer flat or 'over the sticks' (jump races)? Does the group know what the races with jumps are called?

2009, Anni Bowden, Nancy Lewthwaite, The Activity Year Book, page 124:

(horse racing) Hurdles or other obstacles to be jumped over.


Judas goat

Referring to the traitor Judas Iscariot in the Bible.


sea horse

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sea horse.wav

From Middle English sehors (“walrus”), equivalent to sea + horse. Probably a calque of obsolete French cheval de mer or directly of Late Latin caballus marinus.

Any of various small marine fish of the genus Hippocampus that have a horselike head and swim upright.


Snoopy

Some dogs will be back porch familiars — beagles with soulful, Snoopy eyes: Dalmatians with spots; bassets with mitten ears; Siberian huskies with wolfish voices; Collies that look just like Lassie.

1978 January 20, “A Day For Dogs And Dog Lovers”, in Milwaukee Journal:

My daughter calls these "Snoopy eyes" after the childlike presentation of the beagle in Schulz's cartoon Peanuts.

2005, Russell Dale Guthrie, The nature of Paleolithic art, page 93:

Mary Mann, another sophomore, sits on the roof of a red dog house, giving her most enigmatic Snoopy look.

2006 April 14, “Good Grief! A Student Musical.”, in The Virginian Pilot:

Being excessive or overzealous only gives the patient a surprised “Snoopy” look.

2009, Douglas Hamilton with Babak Azizzadeh, Beverly Hills Beauty Secrets, page 161:

Charlie Brown's pet beagle in the comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz; often representing doggish soulfulness.


humanzee

The archetypal hybrid is the humanzee, as it has appeared in popular culture and in policy discussions. The being would be a humanzee (if the father is human) or chimphuman (if the mother is human).

2009, Andrea L. Bonnicksen, Chimeras, Hybrids, and Interspecies Research: Politics and Policymaking, Georgetown University Press, →ISBN, page 66:

A hypothetical hybrid of a human and a chimpanzee.

scimpanzuomo

a hypothetical hybrid of a human and a chimpanzee


chuman

The chuman had been sheer fantasy. Oliver was an unusual chimp, yet a chimp just the same. But what really stands in the way of a chuman? Did chumans ever exist?

2016, Itai Yanai, Lercher Martin, The Society of Genes, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 151:

A hypothetical hybrid of a male chimpanzee and a female human.


coon

(Southern US, ethnic slur) A coonass; a white Acadian French person who lives in the swamps.


welter-weight

Originally “heavyweight horseman” (1832), from welter (“heavyweight horseman”) + weight. Boxing sense 1896.

compound

(horse racing) A weight of 28 pounds (or 40 pounds: a heavy welterweight), sometimes imposed in addition to weight for age, chiefly in steeplechases and hurdle races.


sophomore

From earlier sophumer, from the obsolete sophom, sophum (“sophism or dialectical exercise”), from Ancient Greek σόφισμα (sóphisma). Likely influenced by Ancient Greek σοφός (sophós, “wise”) + μωρός (mōrós, “fool”). Compare oxymoron (literally “sharp-dull”), a similar contradiction.

Coordinate term: debut

The band’s sophomore album built upon the success of their debut release, catapulting them to megastardom.

“Blonde,” which is spelled “Blond” on the album cover and “Blonde” on Apple and elsewhere, hews more closely to what was expected from a sophomore release by one of the most lauded and enigmatic young singers in pop music.

2016 August 21, Joe Coscarelli, “Frank Ocean Finally Delivers His Album, and a Pop-Up Surprise”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

Spike Lee’s sophomore film, after his micro-budgeted and critically acclaimed debut, “She’s Gotta Have It,” was this big, bold ensemble musical set on the campus of a Historically Black College over a busy homecoming weekend.

2021 March 5, Jason Bailey, “Watch These 13 Titles on Netflix Before They Leave This Month”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(US) The second in a series, especially, the second of an artist’s albums or the second of four years in a high school (tenth grade) or university.


sophomore

She was very mature for a sophomore and had several friends who were juniors or even seniors.

(US, Philippines) A second-year undergraduate student in a college or university, or a second-year student in a four-year secondary school or high school.

The filly had looked promising as a sophomore, but concerns over her health had prompted the owner to pull her from the season’s early races.

(US, horse-racing) A three-year-old horse.


Zuchon

A breed of dog, a cross between a bichon and a Shih Tzu.


black bear

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-black bear.wav

Ursus americanus
Ursus americanus#Translingual

An American black bear, Ursus americanus, indigenous to North America.


rustle

rustle The rustle of paper (canonical)
rustles (plural)

From Middle English rustelen, russelen, of uncertain origin, but probably from Old English hrūxlian, hristlan, hrystlan, hristlian (“to make a noise”). Compare also Scots reesle (“to crackle; rattle; rustle”), West Frisian risselje, Dutch ritselen (“to rustle”), Afrikaans ritsel (“to rustle”), German rascheln (“to rustle”).

cog

He heard the silken rustle of a dressing-gown being drawn on.

1994, Stephen Fry, chapter 2, in The Hippopotamus:

A soft crackling sound similar to the movement of dry leaves.


rustle

en-verb

rustle (third-person singular simple present rustles, present participle rustling, simple past and past participle rustled)

rustles (present singular third-person)
rustling (participle present)
rustled (participle past)
rustled (past)

When at last the lumber was piled again in its rightful place, and the boxes of food had been returned to the shelter from which they had been stolen, the two friends rustled a meal, and then set off on horseback […]

1921, William M. McCoy, The Valley of the Sun, page 48:

(transitive) To make or obtain in a lively, energetic way.

(transitive) To steal (cattle or other livestock).


Angus

Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Aonghas, perhaps literally "one choice".

Angus was a great enlargement of experience for me, because he illustrated how haphazardly Fate attributes names to her unoffending children. Angus McGubbin: a Scots giant, red-haired and scowling - wouldn't you think so?

1994, RobertsonDavies, The Cunning Man, Viking, published 1995, →ISBN, page 168:

A male given name from Scottish Gaelic of mostly Scottish usage.

A former county of Scotland, which became a local government district in 1975 in Tayside Region (abolished 1996)

A council area of Scotland, one of 32 created in 1996.

(rail transport) A nickname for the 0-8-8-0 train configuration.


minke whale

Balaenoptera acutorostrata
Balaenoptera acutorostrata#Translingual

Balaenoptera bonaerensis
Balaenoptera bonaerensis#Translingual

Either of two baleen whales, Balaenoptera acutorostrata and Balaenoptera bonaerensis, found in coastal waters.

ballenatu

Balaenoptera acutorostrata or Balaenoptera bonaerensis


cama

A hybrid animal produced by breeding a camel and a llama.


zony

> Please tell us how you are doing. What do you have, zony or zorse?

1997 April 6, vicki blakslee, “Zonis zorses and zebras”, in rec.equestrian (Usenet):

the old man with the beard decided to lay his hands upon this poor lonely pony, and descended upon her a bounty, a bounty so exceedingly large, that she was blessed with a zony or a pebra, and this doth maketh lots of dosh for the zony’s owner, so that he too can be bountious ^([sic]) with the hay from the tv rights, and dost ensure the continuing success of the little darling who shall dwell in the house of hay for evermore.

2001 June 27, Bill Ramsay, “Evolution”, in nz.soc.religion (Usenet):

I am a zony. My father is a zebra and my mother is a pony.

2010, Marie Lestelle Evrard, You Look Sort of Strange, page v:

The offspring of a male zebra and a female pony.


dapple

dapple (third-person singular simple present dapples, present participle dappling, simple past and past participle dappled)

dapples (present singular third-person)
dappling (participle present)
dappled (participle past)
dappled (past)

Jt ſeemes it is in faſhion vvith you to ſugar your papers vvith Carnation phraſes, and dapple your ſpeeches vvith nevv quodled vvords.

1647, Theodore de la Guard [pseudonym; Nathaniel Ward], The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America. […], London: […] J[ohn] D[ever] & R[obert] I[bbitson] for Stephen Bowtell, […], →OCLC, page 77:

dappling black on white with uneven strokes

1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 75:

Kris awoke with a start. Sweat dappled his forehead, and he brushed it away.

To mark or become marked with mottling or spots.


gymkhana

→ Catalan: gimcana

→ Italian: gincana

→ Portuguese: gincana

→ Spanish: yincana

/d͡ʒɪmˈkɑnə/

From Hindustani گیند خانہ (gendxānā) / गेंदख़ाना (gendxānā, “racquet court”), from گیند / गेंद (gend, “ball”) + خانہ / ख़ाना (xānā, “court”). Influenced by gymnastics and gymnasium.

In the afternoon the British held athletic sports, an impromptu military tournament, and a gymkhana, all of which caused much merriment and diversion, and the Boers profited by the cessation of the shell fire to shovel away at their trenches.

1900, Winston Churchill, chapter 13, in London to Ladysmith via Pretoria:

(equestrianism) A competition where riders and horses display a range of skills and aptitudes.


moggy

Unknown, but probably originally Mog + -y, a Scots or Northern English variant of maggie (“girl”), from Maggie, a diminutive of Margaret and Margery. First attested in reference to mongrel cats in Cockney.

Cockney slang... ‘moggies’ for cats.

1911, John William Horsley, I Remember: Memories of a 'Sky Pilot' in the Prison and the Slum, page 254:

(UK, Ireland, Commonwealth) A domestic cat, especially (depreciative or derogatory) a non-pedigree or unremarkable cat.

...expect not so fair an enemy as Cromwel, nor such fair quarter as now is given thee: Jockey, Jemmy, and Moggy thy she-souldier, must than all to the sword...

1648, William Lilly, An Astrologicall Prediction of the Occurrances in England, Part of the Yeers 1648, 1649, 1650, page 60:

...in another Hut, a parcel of Scoth Pedlars and their Moggies,
Dancing a Highlanders Jig...

1699, Edward Ward, The London Spy, volume I, page 15:

(Scotland and Northern England regional, obsolete) Synonym of girl: a female child or young woman.

Moggy, a slattern, dressed out untidily: 'She did look a moggy.'

1886, Robert Eden George Cole, A Glossary of Words Used in South-west Lincolnshire, s.v. "moggy"

At Ickwell Green... the May Queen is accompanied by moggies (raggedly dressed women).

1980, Automobile Association, Book of British Villages, page 263:

(Midlands and Northern England regional, derogatory, rare) Synonym of slattern: an unkempt or badly-dressed woman.

(Midlands and Northern England regional, rare) Synonym of scarecrow.

(Yorkshire) A kind of cake made with ginger, treacle, etc.


paddock

The noun is almost certainly a variant of dialectal British parrock (“enclosure; park; croft, small field, paddock”), from Middle English parrok, parrock (“enclosed pasture, paddock; coop; feeding stall; cabin, hut”) [and other forms], from Old English pearroc, pearruc (“fence used to enclose a space; area enclosed by such a fence, enclosure”), from Proto-West Germanic *parruk (“enclosure; pen for animals”), from Proto-Germanic *parrukaz (“fence; enclosure”); further etymology uncertain, perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *barō (“bar, beam; barrier”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce; to strike”). Doublet of park.
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
* Danish park (“pond”)
* Dutch perk (“flowerbed; garden; pen”)
* German Pferch (“sheepfold, sheep-pen”)

cog

We left the carriage, bought programmes, and walked across the infield and then across the smooth thick turf of the course to the paddock. […] The paddock was fairly well filled with people and they were walking the horses around in a ring under the trees behind the grand stand.

1929 May–October, Ernest Hemingway, chapter 20, in A Farewell to Arms, 1st British edition, London: Jonathan Cape […], published 1929, →OCLC, book II, page 138:

You remind me of a two-year-old, Dinny—one of those whipcordy chestnuts that kick up their heels in the paddock, get left at the post, and come in first after all.

1931 November, John Galsworthy, chapter XXIV, in Maid in Waiting, 1st Canadian edition, Toronto, Ont.: The Ryerson Press, published 1931, →OCLC, page 211:

(horse racing) An enclosure next to a racecourse where horses are paraded and mounted before a race and unsaddled after a race.


cocker spaniel

American cocker spaniel
American cocker spaniel

English cocker spaniel
English cocker spaniel

Either of two breeds of dog, the American cocker spaniel and the English cocker spaniel.


brown bear

A species of bears native to northern America, Europe and Asia having brownish fur. (Ursus arctos)


bruin

From Middle Dutch bruun (“brown”) via William Caxton's 1485 translation of a Dutch version of the legend of Reynard the Fox. Bruin is the bear, named for his brown color. Doublet of brown.

The mother sought the one gone / astray, for the lost she longs: / she ran great swamps as a wolf / trod the wilds as a bruin / waters as an otter roamed […].

1989, Elias Lönnrot, translated by Keith Bosley, The Kalevala, section XVII:

A folk name for a bear, especially the brown bear, Ursus arctos.


Goldendoodle

Now there are dozens of mixes, most of which are a poodle blend. There is the goldendoodle, labradoodle, maltipoo, schnoodle, shihpoo, and the puggle, a mix of a pug and a beagle.

2007, Earl Mindell, Elizabeth Renaghan, Dr. Earl Mindell’s Nutrition and Health for Dogs, Basic Health Publications, Inc., →ISBN, page 117:

Pretty soon, with poodles as the go-to sire dog, there were goldendoodles, cockapoos, Airedoodles, bich-poos, bassetoodles, shih-poos.

2013, Sue Halpern, A Dog Walks into a Nursing Home: Lessons in the Good Life from an Unlikely Teacher, Riverhead Books, →ISBN:

(cynology) A mixed breed dog that is a cross between the Golden Retriever and the poodle.


manpanzee

Coordinate term: chuman


zubr

From Polish żubr, from Proto-Slavic *zǫbrъ, *izǫbrъ, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos (“tooth, horn, peg”).

der

Herberstein and Martin Cronner assert that the name of Bison is always bestowed on the animal called Zubr or Zumbr by the Poles that the name of Aurochs or Urus is improperly bestowed upon it by the Germans; that these last mentioned names apply solely to the urus or Thur of the Polish nation and they add, that the thur was at that period found only in Massovia, near Warsaw; and they even name the particular villages the inhabitants of which were charged with its conservation. During their days, the thur or wild bull appears to have been kept as a curiosity, as the zubr or modern aurochs is at this day, Anthony Schneebergen designates by the name of Thur a species of wild bull, differing from the domestic breed in few particulars, except its greater size, the uniformly black colour of the males, and the beauty of its coat; its horns were always directed forwards. This last character excludes the identity of the thur and buffalo presumed by Pallas. The forward direction of the horns, the greater size, the similarity of form to that of the domestic bull, all established and described by observers who were at the same time sufficiently familiar with the zubr or modern aurochs, prove it to have been a diiferent animal from that last named.

1829-1831, James Wilson, "Essays on the Origin and Natural History of the Domestic Animals.", "Essay III: On the origin and natural history of the domestic ox, and its allied species", The Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, Volume II, page 191

It is not improbable that the Bison mentioned by Seneca and Pliny was the Bonasus of Aristotle, and the Zubr and Auerochs of the moderns, while the Urus of these writers seems to be now extinct as a wild animal, but was perhaps the original of our present domestic cattle.* * Bojanus, however, is of a different opinion.

1832, Dr. von Jarocki, translator and abridger unknown, Arcana of Science and Art, Fifth Year, page 228

1838-05, W. Weissenborn, "On the Influence of Man in modifying the Zoological Featurs of the Globe; with Statistical Accounts respecting a few of the more important Species", The Magazine of Natural History
(page 239) The Zubr,* (Pr. Zhubr), Bos urus. * I give the preference to this name of the animal, because it is so called in the country where it now exists, and because many of its other synonyms are subject to controversy.
(page 251-252) In addition to what Bojanus alleges, as being favorable to the opinion that the turs of Masovia were a few individuals of the original wild ox, (Bos taurus), which had escaped death or domestication, such as, he says, are still found in a few parks of Scotland and England; or what Jarocki states to prove that the tur was the same animal as the zubr which he thinks was called tur in Muscovia and Samogitia, and zubr in Lithuania, I shall say, in corroboration of the latter opinion, that nearly all that Herberstein knew about the tur from hearsay, is fabulous; (for instance, that it breeds with tame cows, but that the progeny does not come to perfection, "vituli qui nascuntur non sunt vitales;" that the turs which have mixed with tame cows, are expelled from their herd, as infamous, &c.) the report which he makes respecting the carcass of a tur, given to him by King Sigismundus Augustus, bears strong evidence of his having received a zubr, which the men who delivered it called tur, whereas he himself allows that he was absent at the time the present was received.

As an appendix to our history of the bison, it will not be out of place, if we here proceed to give a short sketch of the history of its Old World relative, the little known and almost extinct aurochs or zubr, our information respecting which is derived from a valuable paper by Dr. Weissenborn of Weimar, published in the 'Magazine of Natural History for May and June 1838.'

1840, James Rennie, The Menageries: Quadrapeds, volume 3, page 352:

The Zubr, or European Bison.*—(Bison zubris.)
The bonasos, or monapos, described by Aristotle as inhabiting Pæonia (the modern province of Bulgaria, in Turkey), and the bison, which Pausanias and Oppian describe as existing in the same locality, appear to be the present species, although no longer found there; and it is, no doubt, the animal called zimbr in Moldavia, about the time of Demetrius Cantemir. It has also been called wisen, wisant, visant, ure, our, auer, auerocks, urochs, and tur; evidently originating in the more classic terms bison, urus, and taurus. There is a third species of bison (Bison Caucasica), inhabiting Mount Caucasus, and probably some districts of India and other parts of Asia.

1841, James H. Fennell, A Natural History of British and Foreign Quadrupeds, page 520:

(obsolete) One of several species of European bison or aurochs, which were unclearly delineated in the 1800s when this sense was in use.

THE European bison, wisent or zubr (Bison bonasus) seems to be coming back into circulation again, at least among menagerie keepers. The London Zoo has a pair of them...

1959-11-19, "Market in European Bison", The New Scientist, page 981

Near it is Bialowieza, the remainder of the European primeval forest. Bialowieza is home to the zubr, or Polish bison, which is a cousin of the American buffalo. In addition to the zubr, the Polish forests are also home to the wild boar, eagles, falcons, and many other animals.

1994, Don McKay, Our Global Village - Poland: A Cultural Resource Guide, Lorenz Educational Press, page 3

The zubr, or European bison (Bison bonasus bonasus), had been the Russian Empire's largest land mammal, its range limited to two widely separated, and geographically disparate, protected preserves: ...

1999, Douglas R. Weiner, A Little Corner of Freedom: Russian Nature Protection from Stalin to Gorbachëv, University of California Press, page 65:

2002-02-10, Alex, "Bison hair found in Greenland", sci.archeology, https://groups.google.com/d/msg/sci.archaeology/rIGlCbipg3Y/DGHi3djUVnEJ
A notriceable population of "zubr" (european bison) still exists in Poland and Belorus.

2003-10-14, Peter H.M. Brooks, "Aurocks, hares and warthog", uk.food+drink.misc, https://groups.google.com/d/msg/uk.food+drink.misc/vji_2hfDHAM/BhCPjJ9S9qIJ
The aurocks (Bos Urus or Bos primigenius) existed in Europe until fairly recently - Caesar called them Urus and Charlemagne hunted them. The Lithuanian Zubr (Bos Bison) is sometimes, incorrectly, called an aurock.

2004-06-01, Brian M. Scott, "Re: Plot-noodling! (following on from "Twisting the Cliche")", rec.arts.sf.composition, https://groups.google.com/d/msg/rec.arts.sf.composition/0QQYMuojZYo/oH8DtE622u8J
Aurochs? (Of which the last is thought to have died in Poland in 1627.) Probably not, since they simply were wild, but I haven't found anything else besides the wisent (zubr, European bison).

Bison bonasus
Bison bonasus#Translingual

The wisent, the European bison (Bison bonasus).


zokor

From dialectal Russian зо́кор (zókor), ultimately of Mongolic origin. See Russian цо́кор (cókor) for more.

Any of several Asiatic burrowing rodents native to Central Asia, in the spalacid subfamily Myospalacinae, related to the mole rats.


hanuman

An entellus (Semnopithecus entellus, syn. Presbytis entellus)


Ragamuffin

A domestic cat of a particular heavy, muscular, short-necked breed.


cougar

From French couguar, from Portuguese cuguardo, a deformation of Brazilian Portuguese suçuarana (earlier çuçuarana), perhaps from Old Tupi suasuarana (“deerlike animal”), from suasú (“deer”); compare sɨwasuarána (“cervine”)) or perhaps from Guaraní guaçuara).

They are found in Brasil, Paraguay, and in the country of the Amazons; and there is reason to believe that the animal, described by some travellers, under the name of the Ocorome, in Peru, is the same as the cougar, as well as that in the country of the Iroquois, which has been considered as a tiger, thought it is neither striped like that animal, nor spotted like the panther.

1792, Georges-Louis Leclerc, anonymous translator, Buffon's Natural History, volume 7, London: Printed by J.S. Barr, Bridges-Street, Covent-Garden, translation of original in French:

The Cougar has entirely disappeared, or is very rarely met with. This animal was about the size of the wolf, of a gray color, strong, active, fierce and untameable.

1831, Francis Smith Eastman, A history of the state of New York:

The only indigenous long tailed cat in America north of the parallel of 30 degrees is the cougar. The wild cats, so called, are lynxes with short tails; and of these there are three distinct species.

1854, “The cougar, and an adventure with one”, in The Anglo-American Magazine, volume 4, page 84:

Winter’s task was to illustrate cougars—also known as mountain lions—in an urban environment. His research led him to biologist Jeff Sikich, whose work with a mountain lion population in the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area on the outskirts of L.A. seemed promising.

2013 November 14, Alexa Keefe, Steve Winter, “A Cougar Ready for His Closeup”, in National Geographic, archived from the original on 2021-03-01:

Puma concolor
Puma concolor#Translingual

A wild feline, of species Puma concolor, native to the Americas.


riser

From Middle English ryser, risere, equivalent to rise + -er.

(Casting (metalworking)) a reservoir built into a metal casting mold to prevent the formation of cavities in the casting as the metal shrinks on cooling.


Samoyed

From Russian самое́д (samojéd), probably from Sami *saam-edne (“land of the people”); compare Finnish Suomi (“Finn”).
In the course of borrowing, the word was folk-etymologically reinterpreted as сам (sam, “self, own”) + есть, ед- (jestʹ, jed-, “eat”), "self-eater."

The Samoyeds are Idolaters and Witches, obſeruing diuelliſh ſuperſtitions

1613, Samuel Purchas, “[Asia.] Of other Northerne people adioyning to the Tartars.”, in Purchas His Pilgrimage. Or Relations of the World and the Religions Observed in All Ages and Places Discouered, from the Creation vnto this Present. […], London: […] William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, […], →OCLC, book IV (Of the Armenians, Medes, Persians, Parthians, Scythians, Tartarians, Chinois, and of Their Religions), page 363:

(anthropology) A member of the Samoyedic peoples of the Siberian Urals, who speak Samoyedic languages.


piebald

en-adj

piebald (comparative more piebald, superlative most piebald)

more piebald (comparative)
most piebald (superlative)

From pie (“magpie”) + bald (“having white patches or blazes”).

"Well, isn't that just like a girl. All this round you, and you only see a bit of dust. It'll brush off." He patted ineffectually at his piebald shirt.

1965, Susan Cooper, Over Sea, Under Stone, page 20:

Usually, however, the hitcher was standing exactly where she'd first passed him, his arm perhaps just marginally less erect, his clothing (if rain was setting in) just that little bit more piebald.

2001, Michel Faber, Under the Skin, page 4:

The classic example of a piebald dog is the Dalmatian.

2011, Stanley Coren, Sarah Hodgson, Understanding Your Dog For Dummies:

Spotted or blotched, especially in black and white.


clippety-cloppety

The sound a horse makes when walking on a hard surface in horseshoes


harrier

Any of several birds of prey in the genus Circus of the subfamily Circinae which fly low over meadows and marshes and hunt small mammals or birds.


spotter

contrasted with the Übungsleiter m meaning “trainer”

Stenella longirostris
Stenella longirostris#Translingual

Dolphins of the genus Stenella, and specifically Stenella attenuata distinguished from the streaker (Stenella coeruleoalba) and the spinner (Stenella longirostris).


sealskin

en-noun

sealskin (countable and uncountable, plural sealskins)

An item of clothing made from sealskin (whether real or imitation).


binturong

Arctictis binturong
Arctictis binturong#Translingual

A large species of civet, Arctictis binturong, of southern Asia.


bobcat

From bob (short hair; with reference to its tail) + cat.

compound

In the course of a single month this year, the following news reports emanated from Florida: […]A father from East Orlando punched a bobcat in the face for attacking his daughter’s dog.

2023 March 27, Helen Lewis, “How Did America’s Weirdest, Most Freedom-Obsessed State Fall for an Authoritarian Governor?”, in The Atlantic:

A North American wildcat, Lynx rufus, having tufted ears and a short tail.

чэтыушыумыш

čɛtəwušəwuməš


ruffed lemur

Ruffed lemurs inhabit the eastern rain forest from the Masoala Peninsula to just south of Ranomafana (see Figure 2).

1999, Phyllis Dolhinow, Agustín Fuentes, The Nonhuman Primates, page 128:

These ruffed lemur groups engage in loud, barking chorus vocalizations that are regarded as alarm calls, as well as catlike, long, wailing howls that are presumably territorial in nature.

2007, Friderun Ankel-Simons, Primate Anatomy: An Introduction, page 63:

Ruffed lemurs (genus Varecia) are the largest and arguably most impressive members of the Lemuridae family.

2014, Daniel Austin, Madagascar Wildlife, page 71:

Any of several nocturnal lemurs of the genus Varecia, from Madagascar that have white ruffs around the face.


bloodhound

Inherited from Middle English blodhound, blodhond; equivalent to blood + hound. Cognate with Dutch bloedhond (“bloodhound”), Middle Low German blōthunt (“bloodhound”), German Bluthund (“bloodhound”), Danish blodhund (“bloodhound”), Swedish blodhund (“bloodhound”). The detective sense follows from the dog's ability to follow a trail.

cog

Someone stole our bloodhounds, but we got the backup bloodhounds to chase the first tier of bloodhounds.

2007, Xavier: Renegade Angel, season 1, episode 4, spoken by Police Officer:

A large scenthound famed for its ability to follow a scent many days old, over vast distances. This dog is often used as a police dog to track missing people, fleeing suspects, or escaped prisoners.


shoat

A sheep–goat hybrid (whether artificially produced or the result of animals from these species naturally intermating).


brachet

From Middle English brachet, from Old French brachet, a diminutive of Old Occitan brac, from Frankish.

Ryght so as they sat ther came rennyng in a whyte hert in to the halle and a whyte brachet next hym and xxx couple of black rennyng houndes cam after with a greete crye

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter V, in Le Morte Darthur, book III:

Right so as they sat, there came running a white hart into the hall, and a white brachet next to him, and sixty black hounds came running after with a great cry

And foresters, in green-wood trim, / Lead in the leash the gaze-hounds grim, / Attentive, as the bratchet’s bay / From the dark covert drove the prey, / To slip them as he broke away.

1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Introduction to Canto Second: To the Rev. John Marriot, M.A.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, page 61:

I followed it as well as I could, I who have so often boasted of my memory now sniffing along for what seemed a league at least like a brachet and ready almost to yelp for joy at the thought of a place I knew, after so much emptiness, silence, and blackness.

1987, Gene Wolfe, chapter VI, in The Urth of the New Sun, 1st US edition, New York: Tor Books, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 38:

(obsolete) A female hunting hound that hunts by scent; a brach.


rice rat

A rat of the species Oryzomys palustris, found in rice fields and grassy marshes of Mexico, Central America and the southern United States.


Labradoodle

Now there are dozens of mixes, most of which are a poodle blend. There is the goldendoodle, labradoodle, maltipoo, schnoodle, shihpoo, and the puggle, a mix of a pug and a beagle.

2007, Earl Mindell, Elizabeth Renaghan, Dr. Earl Mindell’s Nutrition and Health for Dogs, Basic Health Publications, Inc., →ISBN, page 117:

Participating pooches must be between 12-20 weeks old at the time of taping. This year, two labradoodles, a pomsky and a corgi are among members the Central Florida contingent.

2023 January 27, Patrick Connolly, “Meet the Orlando rescue dogs playing in Puppy Bowl XIX”, in Orlando Sentinel:

A dog that is a cross between a Labrador and a poodle.


horse whisperer

en-noun

horse whisperer (plural horse whisperers)

The curious feature of the art was that "horse-whisperers" actually talked to the animal, usually from mouth to ear, in an unintelligible tongue; which, however, the horses appeared to understand.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 216:

Nothing irks me more than when people call me a Horse Whisperer. Let me say once and for all – I’m not a Horse Whisperer. There are no special gifts or secret magic powers when it comes to training horses. No-one can teach a horse by ‘whispering’ or looking into his eyes. No-one can apply some ‘secret’ process and have horses instantly understand everything forever more.

2015 July 28, Neil Davies, There’s no such thing as a ‘horse whisperer’:

A person who purportedly has a magical ability that enables them to speak to horses or to have control over horses through whispering.


cat state

(physics) A superposition of the most extreme states possible in a system, analogous with Schrödinger's cat, which is in a superposition of "dead" and "alive".


Pomeranian

Among their dialects the Rhine Franconian and Moselle-Franconian varieties prevailed, but other dialects were present as well, such as Upper German Swabian, Low German Westphalian, Pomeranian, and the Mennonite varieties, and even Volga German.

P. Rosenberg, Dialect convergence in the German language islands (Sprachinseln), in: 2005, Peter Auer, Frans Hinskens, Paul Kerswill (eds.), Dialect Change: Convergence and Divergence in European Languages, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge University Press, p. 221ff., here p. 228

… the language of everyday use is characterized by a wide panorama of local dialectal variation, ranging from Low German dialects in the north (e.g. Low Saxon, Westphalian, Pomeranian), through Central German dialects (e.g. Hessian, Thuringian, Silesian) to the High German dialects of the south (e.g. Bavarian, High Alemannic, Alsatian and Franconian) …

2011, George L. Campbell, Gareth King, The Routledge Concise Compendium of the World's Languages, 2nd ed. (1st ed. 1995), p. 238, inside the section German

A second important isogloss that separates Pomeranian from the other Low German variants, … These strong morphemes are absent in the North Sea Germanic area, as well as in Pomeranian.

2019, Gertjan Postma, A Contrastive Grammar of Brazilian Pomeranian (Linguistik Aktuell / Linguistics Today 248), p. 6


hammy

en-adj

hammy (comparative hammier, superlative hammiest)

hammier (comparative)
hammiest (superlative)

McDonald & Dodds is back, with episode one so deliberately hammy and meta that, technically, it should have been a complete horlicks. In one scene, when they were all hanging on to the balloon ropes, Mr Bean-like, to stop Jason Watkins flying away, it sort of was.

2021 March 1, Carol Midgley, “McDonald & Dodds review – cheerful escapism and filth-free distraction”, in The Times:

Amateurish; characterized by overacting.


hammy

He put his palms flat on the ground, then grabbed the back of his knees, stretching his hammies for the millionth time that morning.

1999, Melissa Lucashenko, Hard Yards, University of Queensland Press, page 129:

“A move like this would have been inpossible for me before yoga,” he said. “Flexibilty-wise, I was struggling. My hammies were tight, my groin was tight. My hips have really benefited.”

2003, John Capouya, Real Men Do Yoga: 21 Star Athletes Reveal Their Secrets for Strength, Flexibility and Peak Performance, page 150:

I've noticed that although cycling keeps me reasonably "cardio fit", I am losing general flexibility, e.g. when touching my toes. This is despite me stretching my quads, calves, and hammies during and after my training rides.

2003 June 10, Andrew Swan, “Good complementary exercise to cycling?”, in aus.bicycle (Usenet):

2004, J. L. Roberts, Braggin' Rights: Fantasy Football Rewind 2004 (2003 Season Recap), AuthorHouse USA, page 83,
A slow start and hammy injury were major contributors.

(US, Australia, New Zealand, chiefly sports, slang) The hamstring.

A: I′m only just getting fully fit now after that hammy [hamstring tear].

2000, Mark B. Andersen, Doing Sport Psychology, page 96:

Why he went back on after 3/4 time is beyond me. If he was trying to prove a point he has all season to do that not do your hammy in the first game.

2009 March 26, Phil, “So Cousins does a hammy”, in aus.sport.aussie-rules (Usenet):

(US, Australia, New Zealand, chiefly sports, slang) A hamstring injury.


cetaceous

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cetaceous.wav

Relating to whales or more generally to any marine mammal of the infraorder Cetacea.


daman

From Arabic دَمَان (damān) (إسرائيل (Isrā'īl)), literally "lamb (of Israel)."


halter

From Middle English halter, helter, helfter, from Old English hælfter, hælftre (“halter”), from Proto-West Germanic *halftrijā (“harness”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to cut”), equivalent to half- + -ter. Cognate with Scots helter (“halter”), Dutch halfter, halster (“halter”), Low German halfter, helchter, halter (“halter”), German Halfter (“halter, holster”).


Australopithecus

en-noun

Australopithecus (plural Australopitheci or Australopithecuses)

Australopitheci (plural)
Australopithecuses (plural)

In its turn the institute received from the British Museum of Natural History plaster casts of the skulls of Australopithecuses, a species of higher ape which lived over a million years ago.

1959, P[avel] Kann, translated by Robert Daglish, “Strelka of Vasilyevsky Island”, in Leningrad: A Short Guide, Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, page 86:

In his final period, Teilhard felt he saw all his own Weltanschauung confirmed by Dr. Broom’s work with the fossils of Australopitheci in South Africa; […]

1960 autumn, Herbert Musurillo, “[Book Reviews: Philosophy] The Phenomenon of Man. By Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. […]”, in Thought: Fordham University Quarterly; A Review of Culture and Idea, volume XXXV, number 138, New York, N.Y.: Fordham University Press, →ISSN, page 450:

1. Australopithecus africanus. (a) Taungs: It was found in 1924 in a cave at Taungs in Bechuanaland, South Africa. It is the oldest of all Australopitheci, about 600,000 years old.

1963, Stephen Fuchs, “The Human Race in Its Development from the Earliest Times”, in The Origin of Man and His Culture, New York, N.Y.: Asia Publishing House, page 25:

On the other, in the fossil-bearing pockets exposed in the Transvaal, in the region of Johannesburg (Taungs, Sterkfontein) by quarries opened in the limestone (exactly as at Choukoutien), a whole series of skulls and jaws, and some limb bones have, since 1925, gradually been disclosing the extremely curious group of Australopitheci.

1965, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin, translated by J[ohn] M[ichael] Cohen, “The Question of Fossil Man”, in The Appearance of Man, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row, →LCCN, pages 108–109:

In the middle of the nineteenth century there were very few paleontological data shedding light on the origin of man. During the past century many major discoveries were made in that area, among which the discovery of remains of Australopithecuses in South and East Africa was particularly important, as was the discovery of remains of Pithecanthropes and of closely related creatures (Homo erectus) in Java, China, and Africa.

1980, M[ikhail] I[vanovich] Budyko, anonymous translator, “The Origin of Man”, in Global Ecology, Moscow: Progress Publishers, section VIII (The Ecological Mechanism of the Evolution of Man), page 224:

The Australopitheci, who lived between the years - 6 million and - 1 million, perhaps mingled with the first representatives of the human race, the Homo habilis… their presence is certified in Africa as early as the year - 2.4 million, but could date back to the year - 3 million.

1995, Claudine Roland, translated by Ann MacDonald-Plénacoste, “Tools and Men”, in Prehistory (In Focus), Vic-en-Bigorre: MSM, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 9:

This stone, which was discovered, several kilometres from any possible geological source, in a cave occupied by Australopitheci in South Africa, must have been found and transported about three million years ago on account of its redness, its accidental likeness to a face and, above all, because of its ‘gaze’.

2002, Dario Gamboni, translated by Mark Treharne, “From the origins to the classical age”, in Potential Images: Ambiguity and Indeterminacy in Modern Art, London: Reaktion Books, →ISBN, pages 22–23:

In this sphere too, Homo habilis was the first species of Homo to exhibit the brain capacity crucial to sustain language: 700 ccs against the 450 ccs of the Australopitheci who preceded him, and significantly greater development in the parietal and frontal areas, which are respectively responsible for the control over language and over the hands.

2010, Bruno G. Bara, translated by John Douthwaite, “The Evolution of Communicative Competence”, in Cognitive Pragmatics: The Mental Processes of Communication, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, →ISBN, page 215:

It’s Wizard McDowl, chaos magic terrifies him. He watched his parents turn into Australopithecuses during the war. He’s never got over it.

2012, Stephen B. Pearl, “Officialdom”, in Worlds Apart, Toronto, Ont.: Dark Dragon Publishing, published 2013 July 30, →ISBN, page 25:


pinto

en-adj

pinto (comparative more pinto, superlative most pinto)

more pinto (comparative)
most pinto (superlative)

Borrowed from Spanish pinto (“painted, mottled”).

bor+

While Profane, dreamy, went on to tell of his nights with the Alligator Patrol, and how he’d hunted one pinto beast through Fairing’s Parish; cornered and killed it in a chamber lit by some frightening radiance.


cercopithecine

Any member of the taxonomic subfamily Cercopithecinae: various Old World baboons, monkeys and macaques.


trapping

An instance of ensnaring something or someone.


trappings

Ornamental coverings or harnesses for a horse; caparisons.

koristeloimi

ornamental coverings or harnesses for a horse


zibeline

en-noun

zibeline (countable and uncountable, plural zibelines)


bush pig

The commonest game animals are vervet and colobus monkey, baboon, common duiker, bush-pig and grysbok.

1969, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, volume 63, page 19:

There are two types of bohonda net hunts. One type is directed by a nkangohonda (bush pig charmer), a sorcerer-hunter who handles bush pigs as easily as if they were dogs, gathering herds of them about him and even holding them by their necks.

2006, Armin Prinz, editor, Hunting Food and Drinking Wine: Proceedings of the conference in Poysdorf, 2003, page 208:

The bush pig (Potamochoerus porcus) is an African member of the pig family, Suidae, resembling a boar but with long body hair and tassels of hair on its ears.

2011, Britannica Educational Publishing, Grazers, page 175:

An African pig of the genus Potamochoerus; Potamochoerus porcus or Potamochoerus larvatus.


pigskin

Compound of pig + skin.
The American football is a direct descendant of the ball used in the game of rugby. The rugby ball originally was made of a pig’s bladder with a leather cover; the earliest versions of the leather exterior sometimes were made of pigskin.

Those killed fighting his troops would be buried in pigskins.

2016, Robert Maddock, The 1,300 Years’ War: Volume One:


potbellied pig

A small Vietnamese domesticated pig, sometimes kept as a pet.


cat flap

Then, one Saturday when Martin was working but Yvonne wasn't, she brought a saw and other tools with which she constructed a hinged "cat flap" in a rear down-stairs door. It meant that the cats were free to come and go at any time, the effect being healthier for the pets and for the household.

1984, Arthur Hailey, Strong Medicine, Doubleday, →ISBN, page 340:

Jane had sealed up the cat flap, closed the ever-open window of the laundry, but there the cat somehow managed to be, staring up with a look of dependence.

1988, Fay Weldon, The Heart of the Country, Viking, →ISBN, page 142:

I let the cats out because they couldn't be arsed going through the cat flap. They were just sitting in front of the cat flap and yowling.

2006, Louise Rennison, Startled by His Furry Shorts, HarperCollins, →ISBN, page 104:

A small, hinged panel, usually cut into a door, with an opening just large enough for a cat to enter.

gatonera

small hinged panel cut into a door where a cat can come in


water rat

From water + rat. Compare Saterland Frisian Woaterrotte, West Frisian wetterrôt, Dutch waterrat, German Low German Waterrötte, Waterrött, German Wasserratte, Danish vandrotte, Swedish vattenråtta, Icelandic vatnsrotta.


fisher cat

From French fiche or fichet (“polecat pelt”), from Middle Dutch visse (“nasty”) (contemporary Dutch: vies (“nasty, dirty”)), influenced by fisher.

Pekania pennanti
Pekania pennanti#Translingual

Martes pennanti
Martes pennanti#Translingual

A North American carnivorous mammal (Pekania pennanti, syn. Martes pennanti) of the weasel family.


fisher

From French fichet (“polecat pelt”), probably from Dutch visse (“nasty”); modified by folk etymology to resemble Etymology 1.

In many ways the fisher resembles the pine marten, possessing many of the marten's tricks and manners.

1969, Rutherford George Montgomery, The Living Wilderness, page 13:

In the southeastern United States, Krohn et al. (1994) hypothesize that the inverse relationship between captures of fishers and martens by commercial trappers may result from an interaction between competitive displacement of marten by fisher and the avoidance of areas with deep and frequent snowfalls by fishers but not martens.

1998, Thomas E. Kucera, American Marten, Fisher, Lynx, and Wolverine: Survey Methods for Their Detection, page 62:

The term "forest carnivores" denotes a smaller group of four species - the marten, fisher, lynx, and wolverine - and is only marginally descriptive, inasmuch as it excludes many carnivores that live in forests, and includes the wolverine, which can thrive in the complete absence of trees.

2003, Cynthia J. Zabel, Robert G. Anthony, Mammal Community Dynamics, page 207:

A North American marten-like mammal (Pekania pennanti, syn. Martes pennanti), that has thick brown fur.


Tasmanian tiger

Tasmanian tiger (plural Tasmanian tigers)

Tiger refers to the stripes on the animal's back; the thylacine is not a member of the cat family.

Thylacinus cynocephalus
Thylacinus cynocephalus#Translingual

An extinct carnivorous marsupial (†Thylacinus cynocephalus), once native to Tasmania.


thylacine

From translingual Thylacinus; from Ancient Greek θύλακος (thúlakos, “pouch, sack”) + Latin -inus (-ine).

uder

[…]high up on an overhanging rock, perhaps twenty feet above the ground, a ghostly white thylacine was clearly visible. Thylacines, or Tasmanian tigers, have been extinct on the mainland of Australia for at least two thousand years.

2020, David Farrier, “The Moment Under the Moment”, in Footprints, 4th Estate, →ISBN:

A carnivorous marsupial (†Thylacinus cynocephalus) which was native to Tasmania, now extinct.


farrow

From Middle English *farow, *fargh (found only in the plural faren), from Old English fearh (“piglet”), from Proto-West Germanic *farh, from Proto-Germanic *farhaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pórḱos, from *perḱ- (“to dig”).
See also Old High German farah, Middle Irish orc (“piglet”), Latin porcus, Proto-Slavic *porsę (“pig, piglet”), Lithuanian par̃šas, Kurdish purs. Doublet of pork.

Aha! I know you, gammer! Hamlet, revenge! The old sow that eats her farrow!

1922 February, James Joyce, “[Episode 15]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

She is the womb and the tomb: the sow that eats her farrow.

1949, Joseph Campbell, The Hero with a Thousand Faces:


mustang

Mustang (horse)
Mustang (military officer)

From Mexican Spanish mestengo, from Old Spanish mesteño (“feral animal”) or mestengo (“feral animal”).

He is a product of the merchant marine and is one of the officers called "Mustangs" who entered the navy during the Civil War.

1903, James Hoyt (editor), Seen & Heard by Megargee, L.N. Megargee, page 1754

He was the son of a famous artist, and was what we termed a "mustang" officer, who had come into the navy from the merchant service during the Civil War.

1939, Fred J. Buenzle, Bluejacket, W. W. Norton & Company, page 179:

(US, military slang) A merchant marine who joined the U.S. Navy as a commissioned officer during the American Civil War.


longhorn

A breed of beef cattle, having long horns, bred in Texas and other parts of southwest United States.


woodchuck

Borrowed from Cree ocêk, otchek (“fisher”), borrowed from Ojibwe ojiig (“fisher, marten”), or a similar term in a related Algonquian language, subsequently reapplied to the groundhog.
An earlier form of this word, woodshock, still sometimes designates the marten. Also a doublet of wejack.

(Northern US) A rodent of the family Sciuridae, belonging to the group of large ground squirrels known as marmots, Marmota monax.


macropod

From macro- + -pod, after Latin Macropodidae. Compare micropod.

A marsupial of the family Macropodidae, which includes the kangaroos, wallabies, tree kangaroos and pademelons.


charger

/ˈt͡ʃɑɹd͡ʒɚ/

-ɑː(ɹ)dʒə(ɹ)

From Middle English chargere, equivalent to charge + -er.

dækketallerken

a large platter under the dinner plate in a formal dinner setting

Miller had a new executive officer, a real charger, as they're known in the trade, who was looking into all aspects of the operation up there.

1980, Bill Gulley, Mary Ellen Reese, Breaking Cover, page 161:

Synonym of hard charger (“person with a good work ethic”)


dorgi

This wasn't the first time that one of the Queen's pets had been a victim; in 1989 her dorgi Chipper was killed by the Queen Mother's Corgi Ranger.

2007, Karen Bush, Everything Dogs Expect You to Know, page 69:

Back when the dorgi had been a small puppy he had ignored the more serious lessons and only seemed to be interested in the darker animal myths and legends.

2014, Aby King, Lupo and the Secret of Windsor Castle, Book 1:

A crossbreed dog resulting from the breeding of a dachshund and a corgi.


peekapoo

Blend of Pekingese + poodle; formed as a pun on peekaboo.

A crossbreed dog resulting from the breeding of a Pekingese and a poodle.


spaniel

en-verb

spaniel (third-person singular simple present spaniels, present participle spanielling or spanieling, simple past and past participle spanielled or spanieled)

spaniels (present singular third-person)
spanielling (participle present)
spanieling (participle present)
spanielled (participle past)
spanielled (past)
spanieled (participle past)
spanieled (past)

From Middle English spaynol, from Old French espaigneul (modern French épagneul), from Old Occitan espaignol, from Vulgar Latin *Hispāniolus (“Spanish”), from Hispānia (“Spain”).

Antony: Do we shake hands.—All come to this!—The hearts / That spaniel'd me at heels, to whom I gave / Their wishes, do discandy, melt their sweets

c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

J. Sedgewick (1840) Timon, but not of Athens, page 200: “Always spanielling at the heels of power, the mitred Dignitaries displayed, from first to last, the most rancorous hostility against her.”

David S. Bell (2000) Presidential Power in Fifth Republic France, →ISBN, page 30: “Hence Duverger's famous question about de Gaulle's first spanielling Prime Minister makes political ('M. Debré, existe-t-il?'), but not constitutional sense.”

The genre which differed from the world in order to advocate a better one - or the genre which spanielled at heel the sensationalist virtual reality world we will now arguably inhabit till the planet dies - had become by 2000, in triumpth or defeat or both, an institution for the telling of story.

Edward James and Farah Mendlesohn (2003) The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction, page 65

To follow loyally or obsequiously, like a spaniel.


carabao

/kæɹəˈbeɪəʊ/

Borrowed from Spanish carabao, from Waray-Waray karabaw, from Malay kerbau, from Proto-Malayic *kAr(ə)baw, ultimately from Proto-Mon-Khmer *krpiʔ ~ *krpiiw ~ *krpuʔ ~ *(kr)puh (“buffalo”). Compare Khmer ក្របី (krɑɑbəy), Halang kơpùa, Indonesian kerbau, Javanese ꦏꦼꦧꦺꦴ (kebo), Thai กระบือ (grà-bʉʉ).

der

The weaker carabaos are slaughtered for meat, the stronger ones put to work on Golgotha, and the drivers are assimilated into the workforce.

Filipinos tell several stories about the carabao. The Tagalog, who live mainly on Luzon, tell the following story about how the carabao, one of the largest animals in the country, is tricked by one of the smallest animals, a hummingbird.

2001, Greg Nickles, Philippines: The Culture, page 30:

The Malay people who arrived in the Philippines between 1500 B.C. and 500 B.C. introduced the carabao as a work animal. Today the carabao, also known as the water buffalo, is a very important animal in the Philippines. Carabaos are popular farm animals.

2005, Cindy Fazzi, How to Draw the Philippines's Sights and Symbols, page 24:

A domesticated subspecies of water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis carabanesis.


catamount

Clipping of catamountain (“leopard, panther; ocelot; man living in the mountains”), from Late Middle English catamountain, from Middle English cat of the mountain (“leopard, panther”).

inh

Uncle Charley's voice was very soft and there was a weary note in it. "Great snarlin' catamounts, but I'm tired."

1920, Peter B[ernhard] Kyne, chapter VIII, in The Understanding Heart, Toronto, Ont.: The Copp Clark Co., →OCLC, pages 144–145:

'He would have rid that horse, too,' pa says, 'if I hadn't a stopped him. A durn spotted critter wilder than a catty-mount. A deliberate flouting of her and me.'

1930, William Faulkner, “Darl”, in As I Lay Dying (Penguin Modern Classics), Harmondsworth, Middlesex [London]: Penguin Books in association with Chatto & Windus, published 1980, →ISBN, page 81:

(US) A wild animal of the family Felidae, especially the cougar, mountain lion or puma (Puma concolor).


coy dog

A cross between a coyote and a wild or domestic dog.


Fido

From Spanish or Italian fido from Latin fīdus (“faithful”). Popularly claimed to be directly from Latin fīdō (“I trust, rely on”) instead of the Romance intermediary, but this might be folk etymology. The stereotypical dog's name is evidently very old; a newspaper from 1760 cites, "[a] small white Greyhound with a Collar, answers to the Name of Fido."

This may provide a simple explanation for the seemingly universal desire of all dogs to drink from the toilet. Since toilet water has likely been refreshed more recently than the water in Fido's bowl, it tastes better.

2019, Marc Bekoff, Jessica Pierce, Unleashing Your Dog:


crupper

From Middle English croper, crouper, from Anglo-Norman cruper, cropere, from Old French cropiere, crupiere, from the same Germanic root as croup. Doublet of croupiere.

Our knight did bear no less a pack / Of his own buttocks on his back: / Which now had almost got the upper- / Hand of his head, for want of crupper.

1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC:

he eſpied a mule's crupper, which hung to the ceiling of the room; this he took down, and tendering it to Don Quixote, went on, ſaying...

1784, Alonzo Fernandez de Avellaneda, translated by William Augustus Yardley, A continuation of the history and adventures of the renowned Don Quixote de la Mancha: The Novelist's Magazine, volume 16, page 112:

Captain went out in the cab all the morning. Harry came in after school to feed me and give me water. In the afternoon I was put into the cab. Jerry took as much pains to see if the collar and bridle fitted comfortably, as if he had been John Manly over again. When the crupper was let out a hole or two, it all fitted well. There was no bearing rein—no curb—nothing but a plain ring snaffle. What a blessing that was!

[1877], Anna Sewell, “A London Cab Horse”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part III, page 158:

I sought among the mules one with a mild expression of generosity and gentleness in its eyes, and found it in a white mule with a crupper adorned with arabesques.

1882, Edmondo de Amicis, Morocco: Its People & Places, tr. C. Rollin-Tilton

A strap, looped under a horse's tail, used to stop a saddle from slipping.


doucet

French, diminutive of doux (“sweet”). Doublet of dulcet and dolcetto.

(obsolete except in dialects) A sweetened dish.


doxy

I know one patient who couldn't take the tabs but could tolerate liquid doxy.

1996 May 7, Phyllis Mervine, “Re: Tetracycline”, in sci.med.diseases.lyme (Usenet):

(informal, pharmacology) Clipping of doxycycline.


serval

From French serval, from Portuguese (lobo) cerval (“Iberian lynx”), from Latin lupus cervārius (literally “stag wolf”), i.e. "wolf that hunts stags", from cervus (“deer, stag”).

der

Leptailurus serval
Leptailurus serval#Translingual

A medium-sized African wild cat, Leptailurus serval, formerly Felis serval.


manul

Borrowed from Russian ману́л (manúl), from Mongolian мануул (manuul)/ᠮᠠᠨᠤᠤᠯ (manuul).

A small wild cat of Central Asia, Felis manul, syn, Otocolobus manul.

Chʼah diʼilii bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ mósí ałchinígíí


sand cat

Felis margarita
Felis margarita#Translingual

A small wild cat, Felis margarita, distributed over African and Asian deserts.


margay

→ Korean: 마게이 (magei)

→ Japanese: マーゲイ (māgei)

From Old Tupi marakaîá via Spanish margay, Portuguese maracajá.

In Costa Rica margays were once widely distributed in dense forest from the coastal lowlands to about 3,000 meters elevation in the interior mountains.

2002, Mel Sunquist, Fiona Sunquist, Wild Cats of the World, University of Chicago Press, page 137:

Margays are small and slim spotted cats (60cm/40cm/3.5kg) with long bushy tails and long legs with large feet.
Typically found in mature forest, margays are nocturnal and arboreal, hunting mostly in trees (they can rotate their hind legs and descend a tree head first).

2008, Kirk Smock, Guyana, Bradt Travel Guides, page 32:

The margay has broad feet, flexible ankles, and a long tail, all adaptations for arboreality (Nowell and Jackson 1996). In captivity, the margay is well known for its climbing and jumping acrobatics.

2010, David Whyte Macdonald, Andrew J. Loveridge, Kristin Nowell, “Chapter 1: Dramatis personae: an introduction to the wild felids”, in David Whyte Macdonald, Andrew J. Loveridge, editors, The Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids, Oxford University Press, page 38:

Leopardus wiedii
Leopardus wiedii#Translingual

Leopardus wiedii, a spotted cat native to Central and South America.


jaguarundi

Borrowed from Portuguese jaguarundi, from Old Tupi yawaundí.

Felis yagouaroundi
Felis yagouaroundi#Translingual

A medium-sized Central and South American wild cat, Puma yagouaroundi, Herpailurus yagouaroundi or Felis yagouaroundi.


off like a bride's nightie

en-adj

off like a bride's nightie (not comparable)

A reference to the supposed eagerness of just-married couples to have sexual intercourse on the night of their wedding. Australian from 1960.

(Australia, slang, simile) Making a rapid departure; away.

(Australia, horse racing) Moving quickly and resolutely.

Making a rapid departure; away.
Moving quickly and resolutely.


dalgite

(Western Australia) A rabbit-eared bandicoot; a bilby.


oribi

(South Africa) Ourebia ourebi, a species of antelope.


gralloch

en-verb

gralloch (third-person singular simple present grallochs, present participle gralloching, simple past and past participle gralloched)

grallochs (present singular third-person)
gralloching (participle present)
gralloched (participle past)
gralloched (past)

From Scottish Gaelic grealach (“entrails”), from Proto-Celtic *gre-lach, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer- (“bowels”).

On our mattress in the secret nights, the girls whispered to me how he’d been watching her in a revival of Emma Bovary in an art-house in Berkeley and Tristessa’s eyes, eyes of a stag about to be gralloched, had fixed directly upon his and held them.

1977, Angela Carter, The Passion of New Eve:

Then the beasts were prised apart at the breast,
 and they went to work on the gralloching again,
 riving open the front as far as the hind-fork,
 fetching out the offal, then with further purpose
filleting the ribs in the recognised fashion.

2012, Simon Armitage, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, page 64:


hackamore

Perhaps from Spanish jáquima (“halter”).

Before they could agree or disagree he’d hauled the horse around by the hackamore and was pounding off up the track.

1992, Cormac McCarthy, All The Pretty Horses:


hamadryad

en-noun

hamadryad (plural hamadryads or hamadryades)

hamadryads (plural)
hamadryades (plural)

From Latin Hamadryas, from Ancient Greek Ἁμαδρυάς (Hamadruás), from ἅμα (háma, “together”) + δρῦς (drûs, “tree”).

af

Papio hamadryas
Papio hamadryas#Translingual

A baboon of species Papio hamadryas, venerated by the ancient Egyptians.


bonobo

/bəˈnəʊ̯ˌbəʊ̯/

/bəˈnoʊ̯ˌboʊ̯/

From Bolobo, a village on the Congo River where Europeans first made contact with the species. Bolobo is possibly imitative of the bubbling of the rapids at that section of the Congo.

A great ape, Pan paniscus, from Africa south of the Congo river.


grizzly bear

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-grizzly bear.wav

The Quantum Grizzly Bear pisses me off.

2024 May 16, very tall bart, [YTP] State of the Union, spoken by Jordan Peterson (Jordan Peterson):

Ursus arctos horribilis
Ursus arctos horribilis#Translingual

A large North American subspecies, Ursus arctos horribilis, of the brown bear.


limmer

Uncertain; perhaps from limb, or French limier; see leamer.

Thieves, limmers, and broken men of the Highlands.

1814 July 7, [Walter Scott], Waverley; or, ’Tis Sixty Years Since. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC:

A mongrel, such as a cross between the mastiff and hound.

(nautical) A manrope at the side of a ladder.


limmer

en-adj

limmer (comparative more limmer, superlative most limmer)

more limmer (comparative)
most limmer (superlative)

Then the limmer Scottes ared me, burnt my guddes, and made deadlie feede on me and my barnes.

The roote is long and very limmer, spreading his bráches both large and long under the earth and doth oftentimes let, hinder, & staye both the plough and Dren in toyling the ground, for they be so tough and limmer, that the share & colter of the plough cannot easily divide and cut them asunder.

1578, Rembert Dodoens, A Nievve Herball, Or Historie of Plantes, page 669:

Auld plenishen out by was strew'd, Guid L--d but it was limmer; Some creepy stools, an' shelfs weel scower'd Tae hide the worm pict tim'er Tae sell that day.

1844, Robert Huddleston, A Collection of Poems and Songs, on rural subjects, page 81:

If you ride with the hell-spawned reivers and live as a limmer thief then you must expect to be singed by hell's fire.

2002, Linda Lea Castle, Embrace the Sun: The Vaudrys, page 13:

Limber; flexible (either physically or morally).


malkin

From Malde, an early form of Maude or Matilda + -kin (diminutive ending). Compare grimalkin.

Ȝe ne haue na more meryte · in masse ne in houres / Þan Malkyn of hire maydenhode · þat no man desireth.
You gain no more merit from mass or your prayers / Than Malkin from her maidenhood, which no man desires.

c. 1385, William Langland, Piers Plowman (Bodleian MS Laud Misc. 581), I

We did but keep you surety for our son, / If this be he, — or a draggled mawkin, thou, / That tends her bristled grunters in the sludge[.]

1849, Tennyson, Poems, volume 2, page 224:

(now archaic, regional) A (stereotypical name for a) lower-class or uncultured woman; a kitchenmaid; a slattern.

Now she was strong enough to walk and watch them circling in the sky or to sit in the arbour at the end of the long lawn and, with the sunlight smouldering in her dark-red hair and lying wanly over the area of her face and neck, watch the multiform and snow-white convolutions of her malkins.

1946, Mervyn Peake, Titus Groan, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, →OCLC:

There was milk punch and spiced whisky, a smell of goose and maukin roasting on the spit.

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 158:


thoroughbred

Alternative letter-case form of Thoroughbred (“horse bred for racing”)

That athlete is a real thoroughbred.

A person of uncommon strength or endurance (like that of a thoroughbred horse).


Thoroughbred

He wanted to be at the white-hot center of equine sport, to become a jockey, to be able to feel the thrust and power of a Thoroughbred in its ultimate competition: racing flat out, surging to the head of the herd.

2007, Gene McCormick, The Blue Collar Thoroughbred: An Inside Account of the Real World of Racing, McFarland, →ISBN, page 103:

A horse of a breed derived from crosses between Arabian stallions and English mares, bred for racing, with its breeding history recorded in an official stud book.


red wolf

From red + wolf from being a grey wolf relative with a reddish coat.

Canis rufus, a medium-sized canine native to the southeastern United States.


jockey

The word is by origin a diminutive of jock, the Northern English or Scots colloquial equivalent of the first name John, which is also used generically for "boy" or "fellow" (compare Jack, Dick), at least since 1529. A familiar instance of the use of the word as a name is in "Jockey of Norfolk" in Shakespeare's Richard III. v. 3, 304. Equivalent to jock + -ey.
In the 16th and 17th centuries the word was applied to horse-dealers, postilions, itinerant minstrels and vagabonds, and thus frequently bore the meaning of a cunning trickster, a "sharp", whence the verb to jockey, "to outwit" or "to do" a person out of something. The current meaning of a person who rides a horse in races was first seen in 1670.

And the crime for which Nuncomar was about to die was regarded by them in much the same light in which the selling of an unsound horse, for a sound price, is regarded by a Yorkshire jockey.

1841, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Warren Hastings:

(dated) A dealer in horses; a horse trader.

(dated) A cheat; one given to sharp practice in trade.


jockey

en-verb

jockey (third-person singular simple present jockeys, present participle jockeying, simple past and past participle jockeyed)

jockeys (present singular third-person)
jockeying (participle present)
jockeyed (participle past)
jockeyed (past)

They were jockeying for position toward the end of the race.


creamy

en-adj

creamy (comparative creamier, superlative creamiest)

creamier (comparative)
creamiest (superlative)

a creamy lotion

Of any liquid, having the thick texture of cream.

cremós

of any liquid, having the texture of cream


ringtail

A small carnivorous mammal, Bassariscus astutus, somewhat like a raccoon, native to the southwestern United States and Mexico.

A ring-tailed animal, notably:
A capuchin monkey (Cebus spp.)

A ring-tailed animal, notably:
A ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)

A ringtail possum (family Pseudocheiridae)


bronco

Borrowed from Spanish bronco (“rough”), 19th c. which in Mexican usage also describes a horse that has not been broken and is still wild.

Swollen with greatness, slightly afraid lest the noble blood of Nottingham change its mind and leave him at any street corner, Babbitt paraded with Sir Gerald Doak to the movie palace and in silent bliss sat beside him, trying not to be too enthusiastic, lest the knight despise his adoration of six-shooters and broncos.

A horse of western North America that is wild or not fully broken.


Brahman

Borrowed from Sanskrit ब्रह्मन् (bráhman).

The coins of this dynasty are all marked with the figures of the Brahman Bull and a horseman; and it is remarkable that this very Hindú device was retained by the Mohammedan sovereigns who reigned over the same countries.

1846 June 20, “Asiatic Society.—June 6.—The Earl of Aukland in the chair.”, in The Athenæum, number 973, page 632:

A breed of beef cattle from India with a hump on the shoulder.


Brahman

(Hinduism) The unchanging, infinite, immanent, and transcendent reality which is the Divine Ground of all matter, energy, time, space, being, and everything beyond in this Universe. The nature of Brahman is described as transpersonal, personal and impersonal by different philosophical schools.


coatimundi

From Portuguese coatimundi, from Nheengatu kuatimu'ne, from Old Tupi kua'ti (see coati) + mu'ne (“trick, snare”).

A ring-tailed coati (Nasua nasua), a South American carnivore.


coati

From Spanish coatí, from Portuguese quati, coati, from Old Tupi kua'ti, from cua (“belt”) + tim (“nose”).

Prospectors and cowpunchers who see the animals most often, sometimes call them Mexican monkeys. Others believe the coati to be a peculiar kind of arboreal anteater. More generally in this region, coatis are called “chulo bears” or simply “chulos,” and will be so referred to hereafter.

1974, Bil Gilbert, “Chulo”, in Backpacker, page 89:

The coatis are four small, carnivorous mammals related to the raccoon, red panda and ringtail, or cacomistle. They range in size from 15 inches (38 cm) in the mountain coati, Nasuella olivacca, to 16-26 inches (41-67 cm) long in the three species Nasua nasua, N. nelsoni and N. narica.

2002, Maurice Burton, Robert Burton, Coati: International Wildlife Encyclopedia: Chickaree - crabs, page 478:

Above: Maya effigy vessel depicting a red coati or opposum with some anthropomorphic traits.

2004, Hope B. Werness, The Continuum Encyclopedia of Animal Symbolism in Art, page 88:

Any of several omnivorous mammals, of the genus Nasua or Nasuella, in order Carnivora, that live in the range from southern United States to northern Argentina.

ìì

any of several animals of the genus Nasua


eutherian

From Eutheria, from Ancient Greek εὖ (eû, “good, true”) + θηρίον (thēríon, “beast”).

Belonging or pertaining to the group Eutheria, comprising the mammals more closely related to animals like humans and rodents than to marsupials.


tortoiseshell

en-noun

tortoiseshell (usually uncountable, plural tortoiseshells)

/ˈtɔː(ɹ)təˌʃɛl/

/ˈtɔː(ɹ)təsˌʃɛl/

želvovina

covering of carapace of hawksbill turtle


tortoiseshell cat

tortoiseshell cat (plural tortoiseshell cats)

a domestic cat whose fur has black, brown and yellow markings


domestic cat

Felis silvestris catus
Felis silvestris catus#Translingual

(zoology) A domesticated cat, of the species Felis catus or Felis silvestris catus, especially one kept as a pet or for vermin control.


equestrienne

Were she but the daring equestrienne jumping through the flaming hoops, little it would matter to her if her gauzy skirts did catch.

1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 185:


Nguni

From Zulu noun stem as in umNguni (“member of Nguni people”), isiNguni (“Nguni language group”).

The group of Southern African peoples comprising the Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Mpondo and Ndebele nations.


brock

From Middle English brok, from Old English broc (“badger”), related to Danish brok (“badger”); both probably originally from a Celtic source akin to Irish broc, Welsh broch, Cornish brogh and thus ultimately from Proto-Celtic *brokkos.

Or with pretence of chasing thence the brock,
Send in a cur to worry the whole flock.

1756 [1704], Ben Jonson, “The Tale of a Tub”, in Peter Whalley, editor, The Works of Ben Jonson, page 108:


panther

From Middle English panter, panther, pantere, from Old French pantere, from Latin panthēra, from Ancient Greek πάνθηρ (pánthēr, “panther”).

der

A cougar; especially the Florida panther.


Brahma

Borrowed from Sanskrit ब्रह्मा (brahmā).


hippodrome

/ˈhɪpəˌdɹəʊm/

Borrowed from French hippodrome, from Latin hippodromos, from Ancient Greek ἱππόδρομος (hippódromos), from ἵππος (híppos, “horse”) + δρόμος (drómos, “course”). By surface analysis, hippo- + -drome.


Aberdeen Angus

en-noun

Aberdeen Angus (plural Aberdeen Anguses)

/ˌæb.ɚˈdin ˈæŋ.ɡəs/

From Aberdeen and Angus, the counties in Scotland where the breed originated.

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

One of a breed of black hornless beef cattle originating in Scotland.


retract

Partly:
* from retract (verb) (see etymology 1); and
* from Late Latin retractus (“a pulling back, retreat; refuge”), from Latin retractus (“withdrawn”), the perfect passive participle of Latin retrahō (“to draw or pull back, withdraw; to bring back; to compel to turn back; to recall; to get back, recover; to hold back, restrain, withhold; to remove, take away; to bring to light again; (Late Latin) to delay”) (see etymology 1) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs). Doublet of retrait, retreat, and ritratto.

doublet

Theſe Græcians alſo that made the retract, aduiſed Darius [III] to retire his Armie into the plaine of Meſopotamia, to the end that Alexander being entred into thoſe large fields and great Champions, he might haue inuironed the Macedonians on all ſides with his multitude; […]

1614, Walter Ralegh [i.e., Walter Raleigh], “Of Alexander the Great”, in The Historie of the World […], London: […] William Stansby for Walter Burre, […], →OCLC, 4th book, §. IIII (Of the Vnwarlike Armie Leauied by Darivs against Alexander. […]), page 179:

A pulling back, especially (military) of an army or military troops; a pull-back, a retreat; also, a signal for this to be done.

(group theory) A subgroup of a given group such that there is a surjective endomorphism from the ambient group to the subgroup which is constant on the subgroup; in this case the subgroup is a retract of the ambient group. In symbols: H in G is a retract of G if there exists a surjective homomorphism σ from G to H with σ|_H= operatorname id.


retract

en-verb

retract (third-person singular simple present retracts, present participle retracting, simple past and past participle retracted)

retracts (present singular third-person)
retracting (participle present)
retracted (participle past)
retracted (past)
retract (infinitive)

From Middle French rétracter (“to annul; to reconsider; to withdraw”) (modern French rétracter (“to retract; to contract”)), and from its etymon Latin retractāre, the present active infinitive of retractō (“to retract, withdraw; to annul, revoke; to detract from; to undertake again; to reconsider; to remember; to decline, refuse”), from re- (prefix meaning ‘again’) + tractō (“to drag, haul, tug”) (from trahō (“to drag, pull; to extract, withdraw”) (see further at etymology 1) + -tō (frequentative suffix forming verbs)).

cog

To decline or fail to do something promised; to break one's word.


mastiff

en-noun

mastiff (plural mastiffs or (archaic) mastives)

mastiffs (plural)
mastives (archaic plural)

From Middle English mastif, mastyf, an aberrant derivation (with influence from Old French mestif) from Old French mastin (modern French mâtin), from Vulgar Latin *mansuetinus (“tamed (animal)”), from Latin mansuetus (“tamed”).

der

At which time, they wryte that Demoſthenes told the people of Athens, the fable of the ſheepe and woulues, how that the woulues came on a time, and willed the ſheepe, if they woulde haue peace with them, to deliuer them their maſtiues that kept them.

1579, Plutarke of Chæronea [i.e., Plutarch], “The Life of Demosthenes”, in Thomas North, transl., The Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romaines, […], London: […] Richard Field, →OCLC, page 908:

As ſaluage Bull, whom two fierce maſtiues bayt, / When rancour doth with rage him once engore, / Forgets with wary warde them to awayt, / But with his dreadfull hornes them driues afore, / Or flings aloft or treades downe in the flore, / Breathing out wrath, and bellowing diſdaine, / That all the foreſt quakes to heare him rore: […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VIII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, page 302:

They fill’d the Capitoll, and Pompei’s Circke: / Where, like ſo many Maſtiues, biting ſtones, / As if his Statues novv vvere ſenſitiue / Of their vvild fury, firſt they teare them dovvne: / Then faſtning ropes, drag them along the ſtreetes, […]

1603 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, Seianus His Fall, London: […] G[eorge] Elld, for Thomas Thorpe, published 1605, →OCLC, Act V, signature [M4], verso:

Avaunt, you curs! Be thy mouth or black or white, Tooth that poisons if it bite; Mastiff, greyhound, mongrel grim, Hound or spaniel, brach or him.

c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vi]:

The conquering foe they soon assail’d; / First Trulla stav’d, and Cerdon tail’d, / Until their Mastives loos’d their hold: / And yet alas! do what they could, / The worsted Bear came off with store / Of bloudy wounds, but all before.

1662 (indicated as 1663), [Samuel Butler], “[The First Part of Hudibras]. Canto III.”, in Hudibras. The First and Second Parts. […], London: […] John Martyn and Henry Herringman, […], published 1678, →OCLC; republished in A[lfred] R[ayney] Waller, editor, Hudibras: Written in the Time of the Late Wars, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, 1905, →OCLC, page 63:

Soon as Ulyſſes near th’encloſure drew, / With open mouths the furious maſtives flew: […]

1725, Homer, “Book XIV”, in [Alexander Pope], transl., The Odyssey of Homer. […], volume III, London: […] Bernard Lintot, →OCLC, page 233:

Her, who did erst the lengthened fight maintain, / And heaped the death-pile red with Prankish gore, / The Vert fangs now to vassalage constrain: / The mastives old and young, Verrucchio bore, / Who in their lawless rule Montagna slew, / Make their teeth augres where they wont of yore: […]

1843, Dante Alighieri, translated by John Dayman, The Inferno of Dante Alighieri, Translated in the Terza Rima of the Original, with Notes and Appendix, London: William Edward Painter, […], page 173:

The Mastiff is a good fighter, and can kill a wildcat, taking the necessary punishment well, as we found out when we once trapped one of these small lynxes.

1896, Theodore Roosevelt, chapter 11, in Ranch Life and the Hunting-Trail, The Century Co.:

Neither of them could say how many years it had been since the week-long poisoning epidemic, which first took their father’s bulls, then his mastives, then the man himself; […]

1989, Bob Shacochis, “Les Femmes Creoles: A Fairy Tale”, in The Next New World, New York, N.Y.: Crown Publishers, Inc., →ISBN, page 22:

Milei’s allies reject his portrayal as an unbalanced powder keg, although they do not refute claims their leader takes counsel from his cloned mastiffs.

2023 November 19, Tom Phillips, “Argentina holds breath as far-right Milei seizes narrow runoff advantage”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

One of an old breed of powerful, deep-chested, and smooth-coated dogs, used chiefly as watchdogs and guard dogs.


Saint Bernard

The dogs were originally bred for rescue at the Great St Bernard Pass on the Italian-Swiss border, and Little St Bernard Pass in the Italian-French border, located close to one another.

One of a breed of large dog, famous for rescuing people on mountains.


Tonkinese

The language of Tonkin; northern Vietnamese.


Dalmatian

One of a breed of dog with a short, white coat with dark spots.

(demonym) A native or inhabitant of Dalmatia.


Dalmatian

An extinct Romance language that was once spoken in Dalmatia.


gaskin

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-gaskin.wav

That if one [lace] break, the other will hold; or, if both break, your gaskins fall.

c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene v]:


macaque

Unadapted borrowing from French macaque, from Portuguese macaco, of uncertain origin (see macaco for more). Doublet of macaco.

They are able to recall past images and apply them to current problem solving. In other words, macaques employ memory in order to survive.

2019, Ocean Vuong, On Earth We're Briefly Gorgeous, Jonathan Cape, page 43:

Any of a group of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae, especially genus Macaca.


tamarin

→ Japanese: タマリン

Borrowed from Spanish tamarín (“tamarin”), from tupi-guarani tamari.

One of a family of squirrel-sized South American monkeys.


marmoset

Borrowed from Middle French marmouset (“gargoyle; small child”), probably from marmouser (“to mumble”), of imitative origin.

bor+

A small monkey, now specifically a Central and South American monkey of the genera Callithrix, Mico, Cebuella, or Callibella, with claws instead of nails, and a rather primitive layout.


horsewhip

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-horsewhip.wav


horsewhip

en-verb

horsewhip (third-person singular simple present horsewhips, present participle horsewhipping, simple past and past participle horsewhipped)

horsewhips (present singular third-person)
horsewhipping (participle present)
horsewhipped (participle past)
horsewhipped (past)

"Dangerous things, sir—dangerous things!" exclaimed Mr. Lintot, drawing a deep breath of air from the open window: "do you know, sir, Curl published a lampoon on Lord Hervey the other day, who said that he would have horsewhipped him if he could have found his way into the city. Only think, sir, of horsewhipping a publisher!" and Mr. Lintot grew pale with excess of horror.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “Alteration”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 22:

He had told his wife that he would ask Fletcher to give up the borough, and that he would make that request with a horsewhip in his hand […] But there were difficulties. A man is not horsewhipped simply because you wish to horsewhip him.

1876, Anthony Trollope, The Prime Minister. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Chapman & Hall, […], →OCLC:

[H]e horsewhipped Sam Brewer, the well-known Curzon Street moneylender, on Newmarket Heath. He nearly killed the man.

1927 March 5, Arthur Conan Doyle, “The Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place”, in The Case Book of Sherlock Holmes, New York, N.Y.: A[lbert] L[evi] Burt Company, published June 1927, →OCLC, page 277:

Ten years ago, with the secret out, they and South African judge James Harkess arrived back in London, with the husband/father saying he wanted to have Mr Clark horsewhipped.

2004 June 12, Vikram Dodd, “Coven's footnote to Clark diaries”, in Alan Rusbridger, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC:

(transitive) To flog or lash (someone or something) with a horsewhip.


Clydesdale

Antigonish County
Antigonish County#English

A community of Antigonish County, Nova Scotia, Canada.


stirk

From Middle English stirk, sterke, styrke, from Old English stīrc, stȳrc, stȳric, stīorc (“calf, a stirk, a young bullock or a heifer”), from Proto-West Germanic *stiurik, from Proto-Germanic *stiurikaz (“bullock”), diminutive of Proto-Germanic *steuraz (“steer”), equivalent to steer + -ock. Cognate with Middle Low German sterke (“stirk”), Middle Dutch stierick ("stirk"; compare Modern Dutch sterke (“young cow”)), German Sterk, Stärke, Stark (“stirk”). More at steer.

gloss

"stirk"; compare Modern Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">sterke</i> (“young cow”)

But beware of MacPhadraick, my son; for when he called himself the friend of your father, he better loved the most worthless stirk in his herd, than he did the life-blood of MacTavish Mhor.

1827, [Walter Scott], chapter XI, in Chronicles of the Canongate; […], volume I (The Highland Widow), Edinburgh: […] [Ballantyne and Co.] for Cadell and Co.; London: Simpkin and Marshall, →OCLC, page 197:

Comprising eleven calved and in-calf cows and heifers, three barren cows, four fat cows and heifers, two sturks and three yearlings; fifteen in-lamb ewes and theaves, […]

1843 March 3, “To Be Sold by Auction, By B. Cheatle & Son”, in Leicester Journal, and Midland Counties General Advertiser, volume 92, number 4895, Leicester: James Jackson, page 2:

he could stop a running stirk by the horns, so strong he was in the wrist-bones.

1932, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Sunset Song (A Scots Quair), Polygon, published 2006, page 20:

(British, Scotland, dialectal, dated) A yearling cow; a young bullock or heifer.