acai

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese açaí.

etymon

acai berry, the fruit of these trees, harvested for its juice.


kundru

A gherkin-like vegetable, Coccinia grandis, from Southern India and Indo-China.


heal-all

en-noun

heal-all (countable and uncountable, plural heal-alls)

Widely used in Argentina as a heal-all, propoleum is found in a variety of forms, from candies to syrups.

1996, Public Health Reports, volume 111, number 4, page 554:


selfheal

Inherited from Middle English selfhele, selfehale, sylfhele, from Old English self-hǣlu, equivalent to self + heal.

Prunella vulgaris
Prunella vulgaris#Translingual

A small, herbaceous European plant with blue-violet flowers from any species of genus Prunella.


pollard

From poll (“head, scalp”) + -ard. The coin sense derives from the original penny's uncrowned obverse bust, as opposed to the laurel-wreathed form appearing on the rosary. The verb derives from the noun.

The enclosure was indeed little beyond that of a good-sized paddock – its boundaries were visible on every side – but swelling uplands, covered with massy foliage sloped down to its wild irregular turf soil – soil poor for pasturage, but pleasant to the eye; with dell and dingle, bosks of fantastic pollards – dotted oaks of vast growth – here and there a weird hollow thorn-tree – patches of fern and gorse.

1857, Pisistratus Caxton [pseudonym; Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter I, in What will He Do with It? (Collection of British Authors; CCCCVII), Tauchnitz edition, volume I, Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, →OCLC, book II, page 140:

Only a little pollard hedge kept us from their blood-shot eyes.

1869, Richard Doddridge Blackmore, “Chapter 65”, in Lorna Doone:

Nothing was to be seen save flat meadows, cows feeding unconcernedly for the most part, and silvery pollard willows motionless in the warm sunlight.

1898, H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds, London: William Heinemann, page 98:

And at this place there was a long, straight causeway, with two long rows of pollard willows, one upon either hand.

1903, Howard Pyle, The Story of King Arthur and His Knights, Part III, Chapter Third, page 116

(often attributive) A pruned tree; the wood of such trees.

Squalius cephalus
Squalius cephalus#Translingual

Leuciscus cephalus
Leuciscus cephalus#Translingual

(obsolete, rare) A European chub (Squalius cephalus, syn. Leuciscus cephalus), a kind of fish.

(now Australia) A fine grade of bran including some flour. The fine cell layer between bran layers and endosperm, used for animal feed.

(numismatics, historical) A 13th-century European coin minted as a debased counterfeit of the sterling silver penny of Edward I of England, at first legally accepted as a halfpenny and then outlawed.


pollard

en-verb

pollard (third-person singular simple present pollards, present participle pollarding, simple past and past participle pollarded)

pollards (present singular third-person)
pollarding (participle present)
pollarded (participle past)
pollarded (past)

I didn't know one could pollard elms. I thought one only pollarded willows.

1910, Edward Morgan Forster, chapter 11, in Howards End:

As well as coppicing, other trees were pollarded, or lopped about 6 ft up the trunk so that the resulting growth was beyond the reach of grazing animals. Pollarding lengthens the life of trees, and the frequently made estimate '1,000 years old' could well be true of some sturdy old trunks.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 118:

Cutting back to the same position annually is usually referred to as pollarding; cutting nearly to the ground is usually called stooling. Both are good methods of controlling height and maintaining vigor on plants that would normally grow to a large size.

2011, Edward F. Gilman, An Illustrated Guide to Pruning, 3rd edition, Clifton Park, N.Y.: Delmar, Cengage Learning, →ISBN, page 411:

I walked up the path, passing under a heavily pollarded oak.

2019, Ian McEwan, Machines Like Me, Jonathan Cape, page 287:

(horticulture) To prune a tree heavily, cutting branches back to the trunk, so that it produces dense new growth.


scrog

en-noun

scrog (countable and uncountable, plural scrogs)

Compare scrag, or Scottish Gaelic sgrogag (“anything shriveled”), from sgrag (“to compress, shrivel”).

cog

(Scotland, countable) The crab-apple tree.


Barbados cherry

en-noun

Barbados cherry (plural Barbados cherries)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Barbados cherry.wav


acerola

/æ.səˈɹəʊ.lə/

From Spanish acerola. Doublet of azarole.

Any tree of species Malpighia glabra, of the West Indies and northern South America.


cowbane

cowbane (usually uncountable, plural cowbanes)

Cicuta virosa
Cicuta virosa#Translingual

Cicuta virosa, type species of this genus.


Orin

A male given name from Irish of obscure origin, possibly a variant of Oren or Oran.


pulpwood

pulpwood (countable and uncountable, plural pulpwoods)

Wood, usually softwood, used for pulping to make paper.


guayaba

Etymology tree
Taíno *wayababor.
Spanish guayababor.
English guayaba
From Spanish guayaba, from Taíno *wayaba. Doublet of guava, by which it has been largely displaced.


black cardamom

An Asiatic plant of species Amomum subulatum, whose pods are used as a spice in Indian cuisine.


pippin

Probably from Middle English pipin (“a seed”), as being raised from the seed.

Any of several varieties of eating apple that have a yellow or green skin with patches of red.


piñon

en-noun

piñon (countable and uncountable, plural piñons or piñones)

They planted a few piñons.

The hills were covered with clusters of piñon.

On the mountains a few junipers and piñons are found, and cactuses, agave, and yuccas, low, fleshy plants with bayonets and thorns.

1895, J[ohn] W[esley] Powell, chapter I, in Canyons of the Colorado, Meadville, PA: Flood & Vincent; republished as The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons, New York: Dover, 1961, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 22:

Anglos call it a “kiva fireplace” and put several in every Santa Fe style building, carefully burning piñon firewood upright in the approved local manner.

1994, Stewart Brand, How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They’re Built, New York: Viking, →ISBN, page 146:

(uncountable, countable) Any of several species of North American pines in Pinus subsect. Cembroides that bear edible seeds (pine nuts), especially Pinus edulis; the nut pine.


horsewoman

A woman who is skilled with horses; a female equestrian.


muscatel

muscatel (countable and uncountable, plural muscatels)

From Middle English muskadel, from Old Occitan muscadel, originally a diminutive of muscat.

A muscat grape or raisin, especially one from southern Spain.


muscat

muscat (countable and uncountable, plural muscats)

A white grape variety; used as table grapes and for making raisins and sweet wine.


manège

manège (countable and uncountable, plural manèges)

From French manège; cognate with French manier and English manage.


drupelet

From drupe (“stone fruit”) + -let (diminutive suffix). Compare Late Latin drupella (“small ripe olive”).

cog

It is best to pick the berries while all drupelets are of a consistent, dark red coloration.

The passengers on the chock-full boat were packed across the deck like drupelets.

Aggregated Fruits are close clusters of simple fruits all of the same flower. The raspberry and blackberry are good examples. In these, each grain is a drupelet or stone-fruit, like a cherry or peach on a very small scale.

1858, Asa Gray, “How Plants are Propagated or Multiplied in Numbers”, in Botany for Young People and Common Schools. How Plants Grow, a Simple Introduction to Structural Botany. […], New York, N.Y.: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, & Co., →OCLC, section IV (Fruit and Seed), § 1 (Seed-vessels), paragraph 244, page 81:

The fruits of the genus Rubus (blackberry, raspberry) are aggregates of small drupes (drupelets) upon the receptacle of a single flower, each drupelet from a single pistil.

1931, A[lbert] S[pear] Hitchcock, “Fruits and Seeds”, in Field Work for the Local Botanist, Washington, D.C.: Published by the author […]; composed and printed at the Waverley Press, Inc. […], →OCLC, page 22:

Each fertilized pistil/ovule will develop into a fleshy drupelet containing one seed (a pyrene). Erect and semi-erect blackberry cultivars produce fruit with relatively large pyrenes compared to those of trailing blackberries.

2017, Bernadine C. Strik, “Growth and Development”, in Harvey K. Hall, Richard C. Funt, editors, Blackberries and Their Hybrids (Crop Production Science in Horticulture; 26), Wallingford, Oxfordshire, Boston, Mass.: CABI, →ISBN, page 29:

(botany) One of the small drupe-like subdivisions which compose the outer layer of certain fruit such as blackberries or raspberries.

drupennig

one of the small drupe-like subdivisions which compose the outer layer of certain fruit


bakeapple

Supposedly from French baie, qu'appelle which roughly translates as "what's the name of that berry". This is very liably folk etymology, though—the more obvious derivation bake + apple, influenced by bake in composite words, is suggested by the Oxford English Dictionary.

Rubus chamaemorus
Rubus chamaemorus#Translingual

(Atlantic Canada) The cloudberry, Rubus chamaemorus


epos

From Shasta ip'-haws (“Perideridia spp tubers”).

der

The tuber of any one of several edible species of Perideridia spp.


arborio rice

/ɑːˈbɔːɹɪ.əʊ ˈɹaɪs/

/ɑɹˈbɔɹi.oʊ ˈɹaɪs/

Borrowed from Italian arborio, from Arborio, a town in Piedmont; the toponym is most likely linked to Latin arboreus (“wooden, tree-like”). Compare English arboreous.

A tasting of risottos prepared with different rices — including arborio, carnaroli and vialone nano — will be on the menu, at $45 a person: (212) 265-5959.

2007 February 28, Florence Fabricant, “Food Calendar”, in New York Times:

A northern Italian variety of short-grained starchy rice with a white dot at the center of each grain, commonly used in risotto.


Hermann

From the German and Jewish surname, from Hermann. Compare Harman, Herman.

Gasconade County
Gasconade County#English

A city, the county seat of Gasconade County, Missouri, United States.


cow parsley

For the trip over the grass-covered sleepers and between the cow-parsley and briars, an open wagon was added to the usual combination of locomotive and coach, for the benefit of those who wanted to take photographs.

1954 April, A. R. G. Hawkins, “The Easingwold Railway”, in Railway Magazine, page 271:

Anthriscus sylvestris
Anthriscus sylvestris#Translingual

Anthriscus sylvestris, a weedy biennial umbellifer native to the Old World.


malvasia

en-noun

malvasia (countable and uncountable, plural malvasias)

From Italian, from Ancient Greek Μονεμβασία (Monembasía, “Monemvasia”, a city on the Peloponnese), from μόνος (mónos, “only one”) + ἔμβασις (émbasis, “entering into”, ἐν + βάσις). Doublet of malvoisie.

der

A variety of grape, originally from the region of the Aegean, now used to make malmsey wine.


trebbiano

en-noun

trebbiano (countable and uncountable, plural trebbianos)

/tɹɛbiˈɑːnəʊ/

A variety of dry white wine made from this grape.


pinto bean

From Spanish pinto (“painted”), named for its mottled skin.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual

(US, usually in the plural) Any bean of several varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), common in the US and Mexico.


pudina

A form of mint, Mentha arvensis, found in parts of India and Pakistan and used in tea and cooking.


pulegone

(organic chemistry) A monoterpenoid ketone, found in pennyroyal, that is toxic to dogs and cats


danewort

danewort (countable and uncountable, plural daneworts)

From Dane + wort, since it was traditionally believed to grow on battlegrounds of the Danes.

Sambucus ebulus
Sambucus ebulus#Translingual

A European dwarf version of the elder, Sambucus ebulus, that has a bad smell


matki

(India) The plant Vigna aconitifolia, moth bean.


dusty miller

Silene coronaria
Silene coronaria#Translingual

Lychnis coronaria
Lychnis coronaria#Translingual

Any of several species of plants with leaves of a dusty appearance: Centaurea cineraria, Jacobaea maritima, Artemisia stelleriana, Spyridium parvifolium, and Silene coronaria, syn. Lychnis coronaria.


chilli pepper

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chilli pepper.wav

(British spelling) Alternative form of chili pepper


tokay

The tokay gecko, a spotted lizard native to Asia and some Pacific islands.


lote

From Latin lotus, from Ancient Greek λωτός (lōtós, “lotus”). Doublet of lotus.

Then they led him to the sheikh of the tribe , a tall , lean , old man who held an elegant cane made of lote wood crowned by leather straps embossed with delicate patterns

2008, Elliott Colla (translator), Ibrahim al-Koni, Gold Dust:

Celtis australis
Celtis australis#Translingual

European nettle tree
European nettle tree

A large tree, of species Celtis australis (European nettle tree), found in the south of Europe, with a hard wood and cherry-like fruit.


bog bilberry

Vaccinium uliginosum
Vaccinium uliginosum#Translingual

A shrub native of the cool temperate areas of northern hemisphere, Vaccinium uliginosum, and the berry of that shrub.


northern bilberry

northern bilberry (plural northern bilberries)


lingonberry

From Swedish lingon (“cowberry, lingonberry”) + berry.

af

Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vaccinium vitis-idaea#Translingual

A berry-bearing shrub, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, native to the cool temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere.


serrano

From Spanish serrano (“mountainous”), because it originated in the sierras (“mountains”) of the Mexican states of Puebla and Hidalgo.

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

Ellipsis of serrano pepper, a chili pepper, a cultivar of Capsicum annuum which originated in the mountainous regions of the Mexican states of Puebla and Hidalgo and is used in cooking.


kangaroo apple

The fruit of Solanum aviculare or Solanum vescum; the plants bearing such fruit.


zaatar

From Arabic زَعْتَر (zaʕtar), صَعْتَر (ṣaʕtar, “wild thyme; condiment made from this herb”), probably from Classical Syriac ܨܬܪܐ (ṣāṯrā), related to Hebrew צַתְרָה (ṣátrā).

cog

Hebrew צַתְרָה (ṣátrā)

Origanum syriacum
Origanum syriacum#Translingual

A particular herb, similar in flavor to thyme or oregano, used in Middle Eastern cuisine (Origanum syriacum).

A Middle Eastern seasoning, having this herb or a mixture of herbs as the main ingredient, with sumac (or other tart-flavored equivalent) and sesame seeds.


saba

Musa acuminata
Musa acuminata#Translingual

A triploid hybrid banana cultivar from the Philippines (Musa acuminata × Musa balbisiana).


youngberry

From Young + berry, named for its cultivator, Byrnes M. Young.

A hybrid between a blackberry and a dewberry of the rose family, first cultivated in the western United States.


French bean

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-French bean.wav

A haricot bean or kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).


woody nightshade

en-noun

woody nightshade (plural woody nightshades)

Solanum dulcamara
Solanum dulcamara#Translingual


rowanberry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-rowanberry.wav

Sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia#Translingual

The small spherical fruits of the rowan or European rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), a species of rowan (Sorbus subg. Sorbus), native to most of Europe except for the far south, and northern Asia; the fruits are bitter and inedible if uncooked, but may be used in the making of jellies and jams.


teaberry

Gaultheria procumbens
Gaultheria procumbens#Translingual

A berry which is the fruit of a small shrub native to northeastern North America, Gaultheria procumbens (eastern teaberry, American wintergreen, boxberry, checkerberry).

lamosalali

shrub Gaultheria procumbens and its berry


checkerberry

From the chequer tree, which has fruits of a similar appearance.


boxberry

A teaberry bush (Gaultheria procumbens).


petit pois

Borrowed from French petit pois (literally “little pea”).


coralberry

en-noun

coralberry (countable and uncountable, plural coralberries)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-coralberry.wav

American winterberry
American winterberry

Ilex verticillata
Ilex verticillata#Translingual

American winterberry, Ilex verticillata.


farkleberry

farkleberry (countable and uncountable, plural farkleberries)

(uncountable) A species of Vaccinium (Vaccinium arboreum) native to the southeastern United States, from southern Virginia west to southeastern Missouri, and south to Florida and eastern Texas, and taking the form of a shrub (rarely a small tree) growing to 3-5 m (rarely 9 m) tall.


Savagnin

A variety of white wine grape with green-skinned berries grown mostly in the Jura region of France, where it makes the famous vin jaune and vin de paille.


claiming race

In a claiming race, each horse is in a sense up for sale. That is, any owner who has raced a horse at the track during the meet in progress may put in a claim to buy any horse racing in a claiming race.

1968, Marvin B. Scott, The Racing Game, page 15:

(horse racing) A race in which the competing horse can be claimed by anyone at the specified claiming price for the race.


solanum

(botany) Any plant in the genus Solanum.


Chinese cabbage

Chinese cabbage (usually uncountable, plural Chinese cabbages)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Chinese cabbage.wav

Brassica rapa
Brassica rapa#Translingual

Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis#Translingual

Any East Asian leafy vegetable related to the Western cabbage, especially subspecies or varieties of Brassica rapa.

Napa cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis).


corn-dodger

A cake made of the meal of Indian corn, wrapped in a covering of husks or paper, and baked under the embers.


mukula

Borrowed from various Bantu languages, where the mu- or m- represents the noun class prefix.

(Zambia, Malawi) Transvaal teak, the timber tree Pterocarpus angolensis, or its substitute of comparable properties Pterocarpus tinctorius syn. Pterocarpus chrysothrix


proso

Examples are corn, sorghum, wheat, oats, millet, soybeans, and proso.

1973, Dan Herndon Jordan, Soil Survey of Cherokee, Gilmer, and Pickens Counties, Georgia:

Panicum miliaceum
Panicum miliaceum#Translingual

Panicum miliaceum, a grass used as a crop.


chewing tobacco

chewing tobacco (countable and uncountable, plural chewing tobaccos)

→ Kashubian: czułingtobaczi (Canada)

Coordinate term: snuff

(US) Tobacco, cut or ground finely, placed between cheek and gum to allow nicotine absorption through the mucous membranes.


saddlecloth

A blanket placed under a saddle, a saddle blanket.

çul

blanket placed under a saddle — see also saddle blanket


nopal

From Spanish nopal, from Classical Nahuatl nohpalli (“Opuntia cactus”). Compare nopales.

der

Nopal is a prickly pear native to arid areas of North and South America.[…]Nopal is high in fiber, vitamins, protein, and mucilage.

2010, Vincent Morelli, Roger Zoorob, Integrative Medicine in Primary Care, Part II, Elsevier Health Sciences, page 245:

A prickly pear cactus from the genus Opuntia, especially Opuntia cochinellifera; the edible pads (fleshy leaves) of the cactus, considered as food.


opopanax

en-noun

opopanax (countable and uncountable, plural opopanaxes)

Borrowed from Latin opopanax, from Hellenistic Greek ὀποπάναξ (opopánax), from Ancient Greek ὀπός (opós, “vegetable juice”) + πάναξ (pánax, “any of several plants believed to have medicinal benefits”).

der

(obsolete) A gum resin obtained from the root of Opopanax chironium, formerly used in medicine.

جَاوَشِير

gum from the root of Opopanax chironium or what is equal


diviner's sage

The psychoactive plant Salvia divinorum.


hushpuppy

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hushpuppy.wav

Perhaps because they were once thrown to hungry dogs to quieten them.

(Southern US) A small deep-fried cornmeal cake.


jump off

en-verb

jump off (third-person singular simple present jumps off, present participle jumping off, simple past and past participle jumped off)

jumps off (present singular third-person)
jumping off (participle present)
jumped off (participle past)
jumped off (past)

(sports, equestrianism) To participate in the final round of an equestrian showjumping event.


Swiss chard

en-noun

Swiss chard (countable and uncountable, plural Swiss chards)

The origin of the adjective might be linked to Swiss botanist Gaspard Bauhin who classified the plant in his work Phytopinax in 1596.

(cooking) Beta vulgaris var. cicla: an edible leafy vegetable; chard.


deadnettle

Any plant of a species in genus Lamium, which closely resembles the nettle, but does not possess stinging hairs.


water chestnut

water chestnut (countable and uncountable, plural water chestnuts)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-water chestnut.wav

Chinese water chestnut
Chinese water chestnut

Eleocharis dulcis
Eleocharis dulcis#Translingual

(uncountable) Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis), grown for its edible corm, used in Asian cooking.


lady's mantle

The herb Alchemilla vulgaris, or any plant in the genus Alchemilla.


lavender cotton

Ground cypress (Santolina chamaecyparissus).


sloe gin

sloe gin (countable and uncountable, plural sloe gins)

/ˈsləʊ ˌdʒɪn/

A dark red liqueur made from sloe berries.


thimbleberry

Rubus parviflorus, a species of Rubus, native to western and northern North America, from Alaska east to Ontario and Minnesota, and south to northern Mexico.


sugi

Cryptomeria japonica
Cryptomeria japonica#Translingual

Wood of the Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica).


chokeberry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chokeberry.wav

From choke + berry, describing the astringency of the fruits, which are inedible when raw.

Either of two species in Aronia, formerly and sometimes in Photinia, deciduous shrubs, native to Russia and eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps.


jeera

The vegetarian menu had [...] pizza speckled with jeera.

2020, Avni Doshi, Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, page 148:


samphire

samphire (countable and uncountable, plural samphires)

Originally sampiere, from French Saint Pierre, the patron saint of fishermen who often harvested the plant.

One of several salt-tolerant plants, some edible

Plants of genus Salicornia (syn. Salicornia)

Marsh samphire, glasswort, pickleweed (Salicornia europaea), a plant once burned to produce ash used to make soda glass.

Crithmum maritimum
Crithmum maritimum#Translingual


silverberry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-silverberry.wav

A plant in the genus Elaeagnus, of about 50-70 species of deciduous or evergreen shrubs or small trees with alternate leaves, primarily native to temperate and subtropical regions of Asia.


thistle sage

A North American herb, Salvia carduacea, the seeds of which were once a staple food similar to chia


pozole

pozole (countable and uncountable, plural pozoles)

From Spanish pozole, from Classical Nahuatl pozolli (“stew of maize kernels”).

der

A traditional Mexican soup, made from hominy, pork, chilli and other ingredients.


kernel corn

(US) Kernels of maize, either frozen or canned


ajwain

en-noun

ajwain (countable and uncountable, plural ajwains)

Trachyspermum ammi
Trachyspermum ammi#Translingual

A plant in the family Apiaceae (Trachyspermum ammi), and its seed-like fruit, which is used (especially in South Asian cooking) for its thyme-like flavor.


Baical skullcap

A herb, Scutellaria baicalensis, used in Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of dysentery and diarrhea etc.


saddle tree

(equestrianism) The base on which the rest of the saddle is built, usually based on wood or a similar synthetic material, and is eventually covered in leather or a leatherlike synthetic.


DSLD

suspensory ligament
suspensory ligament#English

(pathology, equestrianism) Initialism of degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis, an equine skeletal disorder characterized by a hyperabundance of a certain proteoglycan in equine connective tissue which causes degeneration and eventually death.

equine systemic proteoglycan accumulation


Rambo

* The name "Rambo" is of unknown origin. It can be dated back to the 17th-century Swedish immigrant Peter Gunnarsson Rambo. According to folk legend it is derived from the mountain Ramberget ("Raven’s Hill") in Gothenburg, whence the Swedish immigrants to Delaware originated in the 17th century.
* "Rambo" is also the name of an old farm in Vestfold county, Norway ("Rambøe" 1664, "Ramboe" 1723) - and about 65 people in Norway have Rambo as a family name. The Old Norse form of the name might have been *Hrafnabú. The first element is then the genitive plurals of hrafn m. 'raven', and the last element is bú n. 'farm'. The name was brought to the US by Norwegian settlers.
* "Rambo" became widely known after John Rambo, a fictional Vietnam War veteran and protagonist of the film series Rambo.
See also Japanese 乱暴 (rambō, “rude; violent; rough; reckless”).

ncog

(figuratively) One who is reckless, disregards orders, uses violence to solve all problems, and bravely charges headlong into the teeth of the enemy.


mâche

Valerianella locusta
Valerianella locusta#Translingual

Valerianella locusta, a small dicot annual plant of the family Caprifoliaceae often cultivated as a salad green or herb.


creamed corn

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-creamed corn.wav

A food consisting of cooked, partially pureed, sweet corn.


sweet corn

en-noun

sweet corn (countable and uncountable, plural sweet corns)

Any of many varieties of corn (specifically maize) most suitable for eating by humans, as distinguished from corn raised as animal feed; usually with higher sugar content than field corn.


samp

samp (countable and uncountable, plural samps)

From Massachusett nasamp, nasaump (“softened with water”); compare suppawn.

1675, The Captivity of Mary Rowlandson, included in The Portable North American Indian Reader, New York: Penguin Books, 1977, page 341,
I asked him to give me a little of his Broth, or Water they [Horses feet] were boiling in; he took a dish, and gave me one spoonful of Samp, and bid me take as much of the Broth as I would.

The meal, coarse or fine, is then used for samps, mushes, or batters, and cakes, thick or thin, and of many varieties and degrees of wholesomeness.

1882, The Atlantic Monthly, volume 50, page 549:

'You kids have everything but you don't appreciate it. Mom must cook you beans and samps. Do you hear? Just beans and samps. That's all. Beans and samps.'

1975, Sheila Roberts, Outside Life's Feast: Short Stories, page 18:

We remained in class until 12.45, and then had a lunch of samp, sour milk and beans, seldom meat.

1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 44:

Abigail taught her the use of the samp mortar. Samp was corn broken into coarse grains and boiled as porridge.

2004, Louise Cabral, A Pageant of Shadows, page 327:

In the area of cuisine, the Xhosa have contributed many corn recipes, most famously samp and beans (umngqusho).

2005, Fran Osseo-Asare, Food Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa, page 74:

(chiefly US) An article of food consisting of coarse ground maize, or a porridge made from it.


poached egg

With adolescent perversity, he turned up his nose at all of the elegant French items on the Closerie's menu and scandalized the waitron by demanding corned-beef hash—fried extra crisp—with poached eggs, a slice of fresh papaya with lime, banana-walnut bread, and a pitcher of Mexican chocolate.

1992, Julian May, Jack the Bodiless, Knopf, →ISBN, →OL:

An egg that has been cooked by gently breaking it into simmering or very hot water.


cobnut

From earlier cobylle nut; see cobble, nut.

filbert

usually the American hazel, Corylus americana or Corylus maxima, which is common in Oregon


kamut

Taken from kamut, a transcription found in E. A. Wallis Budge's dictionary (where it was translated as "wheat") of Egyptian kꜣmwtt (“ear of barley”), in hieroglyphic form:
k-A-m-w-t:t-M2:Z2-!

If you hear the name Kamut get excited. It's wheat. Yes, there are thousands of wheats, all members of the triticum family, but Kamut is different. It's 4,000 years old.

1999, Steve Meyerowitz, Sprouts, the Miracle Food: The Complete Guide to Sprouting, Sproutman Publications, →ISBN, page 75:

A commercial cultivar of Khorasan wheat.


souring

souring (countable and uncountable, plural sourings)

The process by which fabric is soured, washing out the lime by means of acid.


Roma

From Latin and Italian Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Rome and Rum.

A female given name from Latin of English-speakers.


musclewood

musclewood (countable and uncountable, plural musclewoods)

From muscle (“from the sinewy appearance of the trunk and branches”) + wood.

compound

Carpinus caroliniana
Carpinus caroliniana#Translingual

Carpinus caroliniana, a deciduous tree of eastern North America.


blue beech

en-noun

blue beech (countable and uncountable, plural blue beeches)

blue (from the color of the bark) + beech (from the smooth bark or the form of the leaves)


American hornbeam

American hornbeam (countable and uncountable, plural American hornbeams)

American + hornbeam (from the hardness of its wood)


cornflour

cornflour (usually uncountable, plural cornflours)

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(British) A very fine starch powder derived from maize (US corn) used in cooking as a thickener, to keep things from sticking, or as an anti-caking agent.

A flour for baking and cooking that is ground from maize (US corn).

maisijahu

a flour for baking and cooking that is ground from maize (US corn)


washed out

en-adj

washed out (comparative more washed out, superlative most washed out)

more washed out (comparative)
most washed out (superlative)

a washed out horse

(US, horse racing) Synonym of washy (“tending to sweat profusely”)


grande wormwood

From French grande (“grand, great”) + wormwood.

Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium#Translingual

The herb wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), which is used in the production of absinthe and vermouth, and as a tonic.


glutinous rice

A variety of short-grain rice popular in Southeast and East Asia, known for its stickiness when cooked.


Chinese gooseberry

en-noun

Chinese gooseberry (plural Chinese gooseberries)

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Chinese, as the tree is native to central and eastern China + gooseberry, from superficial resemblance of the fruit.


globe artichoke

globe artichoke (plural globe artichokes)

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Cynara cardunculus
Cynara cardunculus#Translingual

A variety of artichoke, Cynara cardunculus cultivated for food.


horse bean

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So called because of use in feeding horses.


Gewürztraminer

Gewürztraminer (countable and uncountable, plural Gewürztraminers)

[ɡəˈvɝtstɹəˌmiːnɚ]

Borrowed from German Gewürztraminer, from Gewürz (“spice”) + Traminer that is from "Tramin an der Weinstraße" in South Tyrol.

(uncountable) An aromatic white wine grape variety that grows best in cooler climates.


lúcuma

Borrowed from Spanish lúcuma, from Quechua rukma, luqma.


cherry tree

From Middle English cherietree, cheritree, chery-tre, cherytre, chiri tre, chiritre, chyrytree.

Prunus subg. Cerasus
Prunus subg. Cerasus#Translingual

A tree of the subgenus Prunus subg. Cerasus, the members of which are valued agriculturally for their fruit, the cherry, and the wood of the tree, cherrywood, used in woodworking.


show jumper

(equestrianism) A (human or horse) participant in show jumping


corn oil

A light oil extracted from corn (maize) kernels, used mainly for cooking.


battery cage

(agriculture) A small cage in which a hen is kept to lay eggs.


pinewood

pinewood (countable and uncountable, plural pinewoods)

Near-synonyms: pinery, pinetum; pineland

en:forest or grove of pine trees, natural or cultivated

(countable) A forest or grove of pine trees, either natural or as a plantation.


bug boy

From the "bug" (asterisk) used to denote their weight allowance.


pignoli

From Italian pinoli (“pine nuts”) (by confusion with pignoli (“fussy people”)?).


morello

May be connected to ἀμαυρός (amaurós, “dark, dim, faint”), compare Polish chmura (“dark cloud, darken”).

A variety of cultivated cherry, Prunus cerasus var. austera, having a dark skin


corvina

A red Italian grape variety, used in wines from Valpolicella and the wider region around the city of Verona.


capsaicinoid

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of irritant compounds, related to capsaicin, that are responsible for the heat of chilli peppers.


grenadillo

The wood of a tropical American tree. It is used in the making of clarinets, flutes and other wind instruments.


Scoville scale

Named for American chemist Wilbur Scoville, who devised it in 1912.

A measure for the piquancy (“heat, burn, spiciness”) of various chili peppers, indicating the level of capsaicin.


ramson

Back-formation from ramsons; compare Middle English ramson (originally plural, taken as singular); Old English hramesan, plural of hramsa (“onion, broad-leafed garlic”), from Proto-West Germanic *hramusō, from Proto-Germanic *hramusô (“onion, leek”), from Proto-Indo-European *kermus-, *kremus- (“wild garlic”). Cognate with Scots ramps (“wild garlic”), Dutch rams (“ramson”), Danish rams (“ramson”), Swedish ramslök (“wild garlic”). See buckrams.

Allium ursinum
Allium ursinum#Translingual

A plant, Allium ursinum, a wild relative of chives and garlic.


ramsons

ramsons pl (normally plural, singular ramson)

From Middle English ramsons, ramsens, rampsons, ramesones, ramsouns, plural of Middle English ramson, ramsen (“wild garlic”), reinterpreted as a singular form, from Old English hramsan, nominative plural of Old English hramsa (“wild garlic”), from Proto-West Germanic *hramusō, from Proto-Germanic *hramusô (“onion; leek”), from Proto-Indo-European *kremus-, *kermus- (“wild garlic; onion”).

A wild relative of chives, of species Allium ursinum, having edible leaves and roots.


breeching

breeching (countable and uncountable, plural breechings)

/bɹiːt͡ʃiːŋ/

Beside this, he has to learn to wear a collar, a crupper, and a breeching, and to stand still whilst they are put on; then to have a cart or a chaise fixed behind him, so that he cannot walk or trot without dragging it after him: and he must go fast or slow, just as his driver wishes.

[1877], Anna Sewell, “My Breaking In”, in Black Beauty: […], London: Jarrold and Sons, […], →OCLC, part I, pages 16–17:

(equestrianism) A component of horse harness or tack, enabling the horse to hold back a vehicle.


white currant

A deciduous shrub, a less sour and colourless cultivar of Ribes rubrum (red currant), though sometimes named Ribes sativum or Ribes silvestre, and sold as a different fruit.


bearberry

Any of four dwarf shrubs of formerly all members of the genus Arctostaphylos, three now assigned to genus Arctous, which principally grow in arctic and subarctic regions and bear edible berries.

alpine bearberry, mountain bearberry, black bearberry (Arctous alpina, syn. Arctostaphylos alpinus)


snap bean

Their Sunday dinner always included snap beans cooked with fatback.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual

The unripe or green edible fruit pod of a bean plant such as the legume Phaseolus vulgaris.


water mint

water mint (countable and uncountable, plural water mints)

A herb in the mint family, Mentha aquatica.


juniper berry

The berrylike female seed cone produced by the various species of junipers.


virgalieu

If "Virgalieu" is the term by which the White Doyenne pear is most generally known, (and this can not be denied) then to adopt the latter will produce just the confusion against which Mr. Eaton protests; and this is really the fact; for not half those who grow this pear will know what you mean, if you call it the White Doyenné.

1861, Peter B. Mead, The Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste, volume XVI, page 280:

A valuable kind of pear, of an obovate shape and with melting flesh of delicious flavor; also called White Doyenne.


hogweed

From hog + weed, so named because of its use as feed for pigs.

An umbelliferous plant, of genus Heracleum, most species of which are phototoxic.

Certain plants from the genera Ambrosia, Erigeron, or Heracleum.


anigre

The tree Pouteria superba and (especially) its wood.


masterwort

masterwort (countable and uncountable, plural masterworts)

Aegopodium podagraria
Aegopodium podagraria#Translingual


tatie

Shortened form of potato + -ie; compare tater.


germander

/d͡ʒɚˈmændɚ/

/d͡ʒəˈmændə/

Late Middle English, from French germandrée, itself from Latin chamaedrys, from Ancient Greek χαμαίδρῡς (khamaídrūs, literally “ground-oak”).

der

Any plant of the genus Teucrium, some with small, pink, white, or pale purple flowers and a small upper lip.


herb bennet

From Middle English herbe-benet, from Old French herbe beneite (“blessed herb”) (because of its medicinal properties).

(dated) The avens (Geum urbanum) or the common avens (Geum aleppicum).


quandong

Arnhem Land quandong, bony quandong (Elaeocarpus arnhemicus)

‘A spieler,’ Leah gently loosened the painful crab hold of the boy's hand. ‘[…] A trickster. A quandong. A ripperty man. A con-man.’

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 228:

confidence trickster
confidence trickster

(Australia slang, now rare) A confidence trickster.


dragon fruit

→ Dutch: drakenvrucht (calque)

desc

→ Thai: แก้วมังกร (gɛ̂ɛo-mang-gɔɔn) (calque)

/ˈdɹæɡ.ən ˌfɹuːt/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dragon fruit.wav

From dragon + fruit; most likely a calque or literal translation of a term in a Southeast Asian language (compare Chinese 火龍果 /火龙果 (huǒlóngguǒ, literally “fiery dragon fruit”). Initial English texts cite Vietnamese thanh long; however, this was constructed differently, being a Sino-Vietnamese term for "Azure Dragon" (青龍) re-used to reference the green, "unripe" color of the fruit. First attributed in 1963.

cog

The fruit of certain cacti of the genus (Stenocereus (syn. Hylocereus) spp.), cultivated in Southeast Asia and Central and South America, having cerise-pink- or yellow-coloured skin and a white or pink sweet fleshy interior with black seeds.


pitaya

From American Spanish pitahaya, from Taíno [Term?].

dragon fruit (Stenocereus (syn. Hylocereus) spp.).


strawberry pear

en-noun

strawberry pear (plural strawberry pears)

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guarri

From Khwe gwarri (which also derived Zulu umgwali).

(South Africa) A shrub or tree, Euclea divinorum; its fruit can be fermented to produce vinegar.


sweetwater

sweetwater (countable and uncountable, plural sweetwaters)

en:water with very little salts dissolved

Alternative form of sweet water (“fresh water”).

A variety of white grape, better known as Chasselas.

en:water with residual sugar during sugar refining process

Water that still contains sucrose after filtration by a sugar cane refinery, usually one of the main by-products of a sugar cane refining process.

(economics) neoclassical, in reference to U.S. macroeconomics and economics departments around the Great Lakes.


shado beni

Shado beni is similar to cilantro but has a stronger flavor. Look for it in ethnic grocery stores that feature Hispanic or West Indian foods. If not found, it is not a problem—just substitute with cilantro (add a little extra cilantro if you want the stronger flavor you would have gotten with the shado beni).

2011, John Cavazos, Ann Marie Cavazos, “Main Courses and Cooked Sides”, in The Daniel Fast Made Delicious, Lake Mary, Fla.: Siloam, →ISBN, section I (Healthy Eating on the Daniel Fast), page 35:


red bean

red bean (countable and uncountable, plural red beans)

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Vigna angularis
Vigna angularis#Translingual

(countable) The azuki bean (Vigna angularis), most common in East Asia.

Vigna umbellata
Vigna umbellata#Translingual

(countable) The rice bean (Vigna umbellata).

(countable) Any of various red varieties of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), including the kidney bean, Honduran red bean, and Salvadoran red bean.

China’s dragon-boat festival ensures fishermen’s safety through consumption of meat, lotus seed (Nelumbo spp., Nelumbonaceae), date, water chestnut (Trapa spp., Trapaceae), and zongzi, which are glutinous-rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves (Poaceae) and filled with red bean (Luard 2001).

2009, Nina Lilian Etkin, Foods of Association: Biocultural Perspectives on Foods and Beverages that Mediate Sociability, Tucson, Ariz.: The University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, page 135:

Freshly made red bean treats hot from the griddle are popular here: crispy-hot snapper-shaped taiyaki cakes filled with red bean; dorayaki (red bean sandwiched between two hand-held, pancake-esque cakes); the famous ningyōyaki (doll-shaped bite-sized red bean cakes traditional to the old neighbourhood Asakusa).

2018, Eat Like a Local TOKYO, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 26:

Griselda returns, holding a bag full of wasabi peas and anpans. She knows I like the ones filled with custard rather than red bean, so I’m grateful she got my favorites.

2018, Peter Tieryas, Mecha Samurai Empire, New York, N.Y.: Ace, →ISBN:

In the book, the protagonist is a Korean American girl, and a lot of her favorite things—from her love of walnut cakes filled with red bean to the Korean drama Boys Over Flowers—were my favorite things growing up as well.

2020, Erin Yun, Pippa Park Raises Her Game, New York, N.Y.: Fabled Films LLC, published 2021, →ISBN:

Buns filled with sweet custard, buns filled with red bean, savory buns with spinach and minced meat, sticky rice and pork belly wrapped in bamboo leaves and tied with string.

2022, Weike Wang, Joan Is Okay, New York, N.Y.: Random House, published 2023, →ISBN, page 164:

Manju originated from Chinese mantou, that deep fried bread thing you dip in condensed milk that you can get in Binondo. But this is Japanese. And the Japanese version is made with red bean instead of chocolate or custard.

2022, Carla de Guzman, Some Bali to Love, Midnight Books:

(uncountable) A paste made of azuki beans.


rocoto

Borrowed from Spanish rocoto, from Quechua ruqutu.

Capsicum pubescens
Capsicum pubescens#Translingual

(cooking) A kind of chili pepper of the species Capsicum pubescens grown in Peru and Bolivia.


agarwood

agarwood (countable and uncountable, plural agarwoods)

From agar + wood (agar ultimately from Dravidian, probably Tamil அகில் (akil)).

Aquilaria malaccensis
Aquilaria malaccensis#Translingual

Heartwood from trees of genus Aquilaria, especially Aquilaria malaccensis (syn. A. agallocha), infected with mold (Phialophora parasitica), which produce an aromatic resin in response to this infestation.


clingstone

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-clingstone.wav

A stone fruit having a stone (pit) that clings to the flesh.


soopolallie

Borrowed from Chinook Jargon, from soop (“soap”) (from English) + olallie, ollalie (“berry”) (from a Kwak'wala or Chinook word for berries). Compare soapberry.

A variety of deciduous shrub (Shepherdia canadensis), the Canadian buffaloberry, the red fruit/berries of which may be used in the production of a frothy, aromatic drink.


finger millet

finger millet (usually uncountable, plural finger millets)

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana#Translingual

A plant of species Eleusine coracana, grown as a cereal in parts of Africa and Asia.


farro

farro (countable and uncountable, plural farros)

Borrowed from Italian farro. Doublet of far.

At the Fountain restaurant in the Four Seasons Hotel, near the institute, squab stuffed with fava beans and farro, an Egyptian grain, comes gilded with gold leaf[…].

2007 February 14, Florence Fabricant, “For a Chilly Winter Day, Beef Pie With Polenta Crust”, in New York Times:

All three farros are sold as a whole grain.

2019, Irma S. Rombauer, Marion Rombauer Becker, Ethan Becker, Joy of Cooking: 2019 Edition, page 338:

Triticum turgidum
Triticum turgidum#Translingual


tarata

Synonym of lemonwood (“the tree Pittosporum eugenioides”)


goutweed

From gout + weed, from having formerly been used to treat gout.


Concord grape

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Concord grape.wav

Named after the town of Concord, Massachusetts.

The current flavors, are, left to right, ginger and kaffir lime; hibiscus and rhubarb; cola with a base of kukicha, a kind of Japanese tea made from twigs and stalks; and Concord grape and thyme.

2008 June 4, Florence Fabricant, “Homemade Sodas Dressed for a Night Out”, in New York Times:

Vitis labrusca
Vitis labrusca#Translingual

A cultivar of grapes from the species Vitis labrusca.


galbanum

galbanum (countable and uncountable, plural galbanums)

From Latin galbanum (“galbanum”), from Ancient Greek χαλβάνη (khalbánē, “galbanum”).

der

And the Lord said to Moses: Take unto thee spices, stacte, and onycha, galbanum of sweet savour, and the clearest frankincense, all shall be of equal weight.

These following bodies do not draw: smaragd, achates, corneolus, pearl, jaspis, chalcedonius, alabaster, porphyry, coral, marble, touchstone, haematites, or bloodstone; smyris, ivory, bones, ebontree, cedar, cypress, pitch, softer rosin, camphire, galbanum, ammoniac, storax, benzoin, loadstone, asphaltum.

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

A bitter, aromatic resin or gum, extracted from plants of the genus Ferula, that resembles assafoetida and has been used in incense and in aromatherapy


yampee

(Jamaica) A variety of yam, Dioscorea trifida, smaller than a regular yam.


yautia

Via Spanish, from Taíno [Term?] or more broadly some Arawakan language.

Xanthosoma sagittifolium
Xanthosoma sagittifolium#Translingual

An edible plant commonly found in the Caribbean: Xanthosoma sagittifolium, new cocoyam.


superfruit

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-superfruit.wav

Goji berries are often marketed as a superfruit.

This lemon, grown by Robert Jennings of Downey, California, weighs five pounds and is eight inches tall and twenty-three inches around. Genetic engineering could produce such superfruits consistently.

1986, Walter G. Oleksy, Miracles of Genetics, Childrens Press, →ISBN, page 17:

Among his picks: Superfruits. With summer long gone, it may not seem a good time to be pitching fruit. But three of Pratt's new power foods are fruits that are currendy in season — pomegranates, kiwis and apples.

Pomegranates, those cheerful round red fruits often seen in wintertime fruit bowls, have quickly gained a reputation as superfruits, so thoroughly packed are they with antioxidants, especially deep red anthocyanins.

2009, Nancy Harmon Jenkins, The New Mediterranean Diet Cookbook: A Delicious Alternative for Lifelong Health, Bantam Books, →ISBN, page 410:

A superfood that is a fruit; any fruit supposed to confer remarkable health benefits.


joe-pye weed

Any plant of the genus Eutrochium, native to eastern North America.


moxa

en-noun

moxa (countable and uncountable, plural moxas)

From Japanese 艾 (mogusa, “mugwort”). The u is not strongly pronounced in Japanese, leading to its disappearance and the devoicing of the plosive. First used by Hermann Buschoff, a Dutch minister in Batavia, who wrote the first book about this remedy in 1674.

And thereupon she burned with her Moxa (of which hereafter) on my feet and knees, (to my best remembrance) about twenty little Escars, which looked like lit∣tle gray specks, without raising any blisters, or causing any after-pain; whereupon also all the pain of the Gout vanish’d.

1676, Two Treatises, The one Medical, Of the Gout, And its Nature more narrowly search’d into than hitherto; together with a new way or discharging the same. By Herman Busschof Senior, of Utrecht, residing at Batavia in the East-Indies, in the service of the Dutch East-India Company. The Other Partly Chirurgical, partly Medical; Containing Some Observations and Practises relating both to some extraordinary cases of Women in Travel; and to some other uncommon cases of Diseases in both Sexes. By Henry van Roonhuyse, Physitian in Ordinary at Amsterdam. Englished out of Dutch by a careful hand. […] , London: Printed by H.C. and are to be sold by Moses Pitt, page A3:

Moxa is celebrated in the eastern countries, for preventing and curing many disorders, by being burnt on the skin: a little cone of moxa, laid on the part previously moistened, and set on fire at top, burns down with a temperate glowing heat, and produces a dark coloured spot, the exulceration of which is promoted by applying a little garlic, and the ulcer either healed up when the eschar separates, or kept running for a length of time, as different circumstances may require.

1761, William Lewis, An Experimental History of the Materia Medica, or of the Natural and Artificial Substances Made Use of in Medicine: Containing a Compendious View of Their Natural History, an Account of Their Pharmaceutic Properties, and an Estimate of Their Medicinal Powers, so Far as They Can Be Ascertained by Experience, or by Rational Induction from Their Sensible Qualities, London: Printed by H. Baldwin, for the Author; and sold by R. Willock, page 380:

A woolly material obtained from the dried leaves of an Asian species of mugwort, such as Artemisia argyi, as used in moxibustion.

艾絨 /艾绒

woolly material obtained from mugwort leaves


kutjera

An Australian plant, Solanum centrale, with pungent edible fruits that resemble raisins when dried.


citrangequat

/ˈsɪtɹənd͡ʒˌkwɑːt/

Blend of citrange + kumquat — since citrange is itself a blend of citrus and orange, this is a triple blend.

A trigenic hybrid cross of two types of orange and a kumquat (Citrus × georgiana).


citrange

Citrus × insitorum, a hybrid of the sweet orange and the trifoliate orange.


sweet orange

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Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis#Translingual

Citrus sinensis, a species of citrus fruit, commonly known as the orange.


alunqua

From Eastern Arrernte alangkwe, the name for the fruit.

Another common bush delicacy was the alunqua, some call it the bush cucumber.

1937, Michael Terry, Sand and Sun: Two Gold-hunting Expeditions with Camels in the Dry Lands of Central Australia:

The fruit of the alunqua; bush cucumber, bush banana.


chili powder

chili powder (countable and uncountable, plural chili powders)

Pulverized dry chilis used for culinary purposes.


acha

Digitaria exilis
Digitaria exilis#Translingual

fonio, esp. Digitaria exilis (white fonio) (a cereal cultivated in western Africa)


feijoa

João da Silva Feijó
Otto Karl Berg
feijoa

/ˈfiːd͡ʒɐʉ.ɐ/

From the New Latin former genus name Feijoa, which was named after Portuguese botanist João da Silva Feijó by the German botanist Otto Karl Berg.

A South American evergreen shrub, Acca sellowiana (syn. Feijoa sellowiana).


sesame leaf

Calque of Korean 깻잎 (kkaennip, “sesame leaf”).


saskatoon

From Cree ᒥᓵᐢᑿᑑᒥᐣ (misaaskwatoomin, “saskatoon berry”), from ᒥᓵᐢᑿᐟ (misaaskwat, “saskatoon shrub”) + ᒥᐣ (min, “berry”).

der

(Canadian Prairies) A shrub inhabiting western North America (Amelanchier alnifolia).


yangmei

Borrowed from Mandarin 楊梅 /杨梅 (yángméi).

The edible crimson fruit of the subtropical tree Myrica rubra.


yumberry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-yumberry.wav

While yumberries are edging into popular recognition, new antioxidant fruits such as Kakadu plums are in the very initial stages of commercialization.

2008, Prepared Foods, volume 177, numbers 7-12, page 91:

Cranberries, Yumberries & Blackcurrants

2011, Juliette Kellow, Lyndel Costain, Laurence Beeken, The Calorie, Carb and Fat Bible 2011, page 363:

The yangmei, especially in commercial products where it is promoted as a superfruit.


dropwort

From drop + wort, referring to its hanging tubers.


winter cherry

Solanum pseudocapsicum (Jerusalem cherry)


fiddlehead

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The furled fronds of a young fern harvested for food consumption.


sea holly

sȉkavica

these two forms are Chakavian and also mean Carthamus, Picnomon, Scolymus, Echinops, Dipsacus

Eryngium maritimum
Eryngium maritimum#Translingual

More generally, any of several species of plants in the genus Eryngium.


wineberry

From Middle English wynberie, wynberie (“a grape or some other kind of berry”), from Old English wīnberġe (“grape”, literally “wine-berry”), from Proto-West Germanic *wīnabaʀi, from Proto-Germanic *wīnabasją (“wineberry; grape”), equivalent to wine + berry. Doublet of whimberry (“bilberry”).
Cognate with Dutch wijnbeer, West Frisian wynbei (“grape”), wiemer (“currant”), German Weinbeere (“grape”), Swedish vinbär (“currant”), Icelandic vínber (“grape”), Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌰𐍃𐌹 (weinabasi, “grape”).

inh

The plant Rubus phoenicolasius, the Japanese wineberry.


verjuice

en-verb

verjuice (third-person singular simple present verjuices, present participle verjuicing, simple past and past participle verjuiced)

verjuices (present singular third-person)
verjuicing (participle present)
verjuiced (participle past)
verjuiced (past)

From Middle English verjous, vergeous, from Old French vertjus, verjus (French verjus), from vert + jus. First appears c. 1302.

There are few names to which a jingle or a joke cannot be fitted—witness, Twining, banker and tea-dealer: / ‘Twining would be whining / Were’t not for his tea;’ / and the ex-Lord Mayor, Sir John Key, where the inherent rhyme to ‘donkey’ verjuiced the baronetcy.

1892, W[illiam] G[eorge] Thorpe, “Early Life and School Days”, in The Still Life of the Middle Temple with Some of Its Table Talk Preceded by Fifty Years’ Reminiscences, London: Richard Bentley and Son […], page 3:

(transitive) To render something sour; to embitter.


blet

blet (third-person singular simple present blets, present participle bletting, simple past and past participle bletted)

blets (present singular third-person)
bletting (participle present)
bletted (participle past)
bletted (past)

Borrowed from French blettir, coined by John Lindley.

c. 1835, B. Maund, The Botanic Garden, Or, Magazine of Flowering Plants, Volume 6, Simpkin & Marshall, page 115,
Bletting is in particular a special alteration; it appears that the more austere a fruit is before this is brought on, the more it is capable of bletting regularly.

You can also hasten the bletting process by giving firm medlars a night in the freezer. I usually pick some medlars early to blet a little indoors, as this is perfect for making jelly, whereas fully soft fruit is ideal for any other use.

2011, Mark Diacono, Fruit: River Cottage Handbook No.9, Bloomsbury Publishing, unnumbered page:

For example, you wouldn't be happy if you bit into a medlar. They need to be bletted (left to go over-ripe) before you can eat them but, once bletted, medlars taste sweet – a little bit like dates.[…]To be frank, bletting is a more polite word for "rotting".

2021, Adele Nozedar, The Tree Forager, Watkins Media, unnumbered page:

To undergo or cause to undergo bletting, a fermentation process in certain fruit beyond ripening.

ndulket

To undergo bletting, a fermentation process in certain fruit beyond ripening


smallage

From Middle English smalache, equivalent to small + ache (“celery, parsley”).

Chop the smallage exceeding small and put it in a good half hour before you are to take your posset from the fire: You are to season your Gruel with a little Salt, at the due time; and you may put in a little Nutmeg, and Mace to it.

1922, Eleanour Sinclair Rohde, A Garden of Herbs: Being a Practical Handbook to the Making of an Old English Herb Garden, page 123:


brazilwood

en-noun

brazilwood (usually uncountable, plural brazilwoods)

A Brazilian timber tree (Paubrasilia echinata, syn. Caesalpinia echinata), used primarily to make bows for string instruments.


dyewood

dyewood (countable and uncountable, plural dyewoods)

Cochineal was cultivated in individual households, indigo was common, and several dyewoods were indigenous.

1979, Kax Wilson, A History of Textiles, Westview Press, →ISBN, page 336:

He would take with him red brasilwood from the East Indies – a dye-wood that was so valued that when a few years later the Portuguese found it in the New World, they would name a country after it.

2002, Victoria Finlay, Colour, Sceptre, published 2003, page 198:

Any wood from which colouring matter is extracted for dyeing.


rampion

rampion (countable and uncountable, plural rampions)

Ultimately from Medieval Latin rapuntium from Latin rapunculus, diminutive of rapum (“turnip”)

Any of several flowering plants of the genus Phyteuma, within the family Campanulaceae.


garlic chive

Allium tuberosum
Allium tuberosum#Translingual

A plant, Allium tuberosum, with long, thin, white-flowering stalks, related to chives.


bladdernut

Any of several species of large shrubs or small trees, of the genus Staphylea, in the family Staphyleaceae


salep

salep (countable and uncountable, plural saleps)

Borrowed from French salep, from Turkish salep, from Arabic سَحْلَب (saḥlab, “type of orchid”). According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the Arabic word is said to be a contraction of خُصَى الثَعْلَب (ḵuṣā aṯ-ṯaʕlab, “fox testicles”) (الثَعْلَب (aṯ-ṯaʕlab, “fox”) + خُصًى (ḵuṣan, “testicles”)), referring to the testicle-like root tubers.

der

Where finally the draining of marſhy grounds can not be effected at a reſponſible expence, ſome plants may perhaps be cultivated with profit to the cultivator; as in ſome ſituations the feſtica fluitans, floating feſcue, callitriche, ſtar-graſs; or in others the orchis for the purpoſe of making ſaloop by drying the peeled roots in an oven.

1800, Erasmus Darwin, “Sect. XI. Of Draining and Watering Lands.”, in Phytologia: Or The Philosophy of Agricuture and Gardening. With the Theory of Draining Morasses and with an Improved Construction of the Drill Plough, Dublin: Printed for P. Byrne, 108, Grafton-Street, →OCLC, section XI.2.4.5, page 245:

The tubers of one [orchid] species, Orchis mascula, produce a flour called salep, which was made into a drink known as "saloop" in 18th-century London, as an alternative to coffee (Charles Lamb thought it the ideal breakfast for chimney sweeps). Salep is a Turkish word with an even more precise derivation (it's from the Arabic for "fox's testicles"). Despite this, the Turks still use it to make a strange elastic ice cream, eaten with a knife and fork, which carries a pungent aftertaste compared by one commentator to the scent of "goats on a rainy day". Salep ice cream is so popular that O. mascula is now a protected species in Turkey.

2014 April 5, “Quite interesting: A quietly intriguing column from the brains behind QI, the BBC quiz show. This week; QI orchids you not”, in The Daily Telegraph (Weekend), page W22:

A starch or jelly made out of plants in the Orchidaceae family, such as the early-purple orchid (Orchis mascula).

Alternative form of saloop (“aromatic drink originally made with salep”)


logwood

en-noun

logwood (countable and uncountable, plural logwoods)

Any of various trees of the genus Xylosma in the willow family.


teosinte

teosinte (countable and uncountable, plural teosintes)

From French téosinte, from Spanish teocinte, from Classical Nahuatl teocintli, apparently from teōtl (“god”) + cintli (“dried maize”).

类蜀黍

any of several wild maize-like grasses of the genus Zea

Any of a few species of maize-like grasses of the genus Zea found in Mexico, Guatemala and Nicaragua.


mirabelle plum

The sweet, edible drupaceous fruit of the mirabelle prune tree, a cultivar of the plum tree of the subspecies Prunus domestica subsp. syriaca, often used in pies, wines, and brandy


laserwort

laserwort (countable and uncountable, plural laserworts)

An umbelliferous plant (Laserpitium latifolium) from which the resin laser was obtained.


navy bean

So called because the United States Navy has served the beans as a staple to its sailors since the mid-1800s.

Beans—Very scarce Navy Beans 112 a 115c.

1851 May 10, “The Markets”, in North Carolina Standard, volume 1, no. 53, Raleigh, N.C., archived from the original on 2016-09-25, page 3:

Janie […] baked big pans of navy beans with plenty of sugar and hunks of bacon laying on top.

1937, Zora Neale Hurston, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Amistad, published 2013, page 132:

A white bean of a variety of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).


come to hand

en-verb

come to hand (third-person singular simple present comes to hand, present participle coming to hand, simple past came to hand, past participle come to hand)

comes to hand (present singular third-person)
coming to hand (participle present)
came to hand (past)
come to hand (participle past)

The horse came to hand, and won first prize.

(US, horse racing) To perform well, to come under control.


outride

(equestrianism) A trip on a horse outside an enclosed area, a trip on a horse in the open.


boniato

Borrowed from Spanish boniato (“sweet potato”).

bor+

Ipomoea batatas
Ipomoea batatas#Translingual

(US) A Cuban type of sweet potato with light-colored flesh that is drier and less sweet than the varieties typical in the US (Ipomoea batatas).


applejohn

From apple + John, possibly from the fact that it can be eaten on St. John's Day, June 24th, of the year after it was picked.

What the devil hast thou brought there? apple-johns? / thou knowest Sir John cannot endure an apple-john.

a. 1599, William Shakespeare, II Henry IV, act II scene IV:

(obsolete) A variety of apple which can be kept for a long period, gradually becoming dry and withered; known today as the French crab.


Venus comb

Scandix pecten-veneris
Scandix pecten-veneris#Translingual

An umbelliferous plant (Scandix pecten-veneris).


shepherd's needle

en-noun

shepherd's needle (plural shepherd's needles)


malbec

malbec (countable and uncountable, plural malbecs)

Borrowed from French malbec, said to be named after a Hungarian winemaker who brought it to France.

A variety of grape used in making red wine, originally from France, but now predominantly grown in Argentina.


elderflower

Ethel was yet bathing her eyes with elderflowers, preparatory to going, when her departure was again delayed by another visitor.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Disclosure”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 303:

Sambucus nigra
Sambucus nigra#Translingual

The blossom of the elderberry, often specifically the European species Sambucus nigra


trialling

(British spelling) (Canadian spelling, common) present participle and gerund of trial


alexanders

From French alisander, apparently named for Alexander the Great, for one or more species thought to be endemic to Macedonia.

/ˌælɪɡˈzændɚz/

/ˌælɪɡˈzɑːndəz/

(chiefly Canada, US) Various plants of genus Zizia or Angelica thought to resemble European alexanders.


hemp-nettle

Any weed of the genus Galeopsis in the Lamiaceae family.

бударица

any weed of the genus Galeopsis in the Lamiaceae family


purple yam

Dioscorea alata
Dioscorea alata#Translingual

A yam used in a variety of desserts, Dioscorea alata.


cabernet

cabernet (countable and uncountable, plural cabernets)


beautyberry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-beautyberry.wav

A genus of shrubs, Callicarpa, which produce berries.


kabocha

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-kabocha.wav

From Japanese 南瓜 (kabocha, “pumpkin, squash”).

bor

Cucurbita maxima
Cucurbita maxima#Translingual

A variety of Japanese winter squash, from species Cucurbita maxima.


syrah

en-noun

syrah (countable and uncountable, plural syrahs)

Borrowed from French syrah. The derivation from the Persian city name of Shiraz (شیراز) is today believed to be a legend. The same goes for derivations from Syria, Syracuse or the Greek island of Syros. The name might be connected to the Celtic root Proto-Celtic *serrā, "billhook", referring to the method of harvesting.

A dark-skinned variety of grape, used to produce red wines.


poblano

/pəˈblɑːnəʊ/

/pəʊˈblɑːnəʊ/

In our times of popular gourmetism, the Anaheim chili is easy to find year round in the supermarket, but the poblano remains seasonal in spring and fall.

1993, Huntley Dent, Feast of Santa Fe: Cooking of the American Southwest, page 62:

A mild green chile pepper native to Mexico; when dried, the chilis are called anchos or chiles anchos (“wide chilis”).


jostaberry

From German Jostabeere, itself derived from Johannisbeere and Stachelbeere.

A fruit made by crossing several members of the Ribes genus, including blackcurrant and gooseberry.


anet

Inherited from Middle English anet, anete, annet, annete, from Middle French anet, from Latin anēthum (“dill; anise”).


cherrywood

A hardwood obtained from the cherry tree, valued for use in furniture and other woodworking applications.


xynisteri

This crisp, lemony white is made using xynisteri grapes, imported centuries before from the Greek mainland.

2009 January 24, Gord Stimmell, “Greece, France, Australia shine in this release”, in Toronto Star:

A white grape indigenous to the island of Cyprus.


potato cake

(Scotland, England) A savory flat cake made from flour and mashed potatoes, often fried or baked.


chili oil

chili oil (countable and uncountable, plural chili oils)

A spicy condiment in which crushed dried red chili peppers (and sometimes other ingredients) have been macerated in oil


jumpout

The few who attended Tuesday's important Lightning Stakes jumpouts at Flemington on Tuesday may have been put off by Swick's lethargic display.

2009 January 31, Matt Stewart, “Bart Cummings ready to derail Lightning match race”, in Herald Sun, archived from the original on 2009-02-05:

I did get to ride in a couple of barrier jumpouts, but even that was sprung on me. I was riding a horse towards the track when Murty said it was going for a jumpout, a sprint about 400 metres from the barriers down the home straight.

2011, David Brasch, Peter Cook, Jockeying To The Top, unnumbered page:

(Australia, horse racing) An unofficial trial race.


trackwork

McDonald described Weekend Hussler's trackwork this preparation as "frightening".

2009 January 30, Tim Habel, “Short journey to suit Hussler”, in Herald Sun:

(horse racing) Practice in racing around a track


standardbred

From standard + bred. In this context, the word "standard" refers to the fact that in the early decades of the breed's development, all breeding stock had to meet a specific performance standard, namely ability to trot or pace a mile in no more than 2 minutes, 30 seconds.

"Jockeys waste and drivers don't and maybe the breed (standardbred) might be a bit more conducive to the conditions."

2009 January 30, Tim Habel, Matt Stewart, “Heat on VRC to delay Flemington meeting”, in Herald Sun:

(horse racing) A breed of horse bred specifically for harness racing


cherry laurel

Prunus sect. Laurocerasus
Prunus sect. Laurocerasus

An evergreen cherry in the section Prunus sect. Laurocerasus, some of which are cultivated as ornamentals.

Prunus caroliniana, native to the southeastern United States.


basmati

basmati (countable and uncountable, plural basmatis)

From Hindi बासमती (bāsmatī, literally “fragrant”).

bor

Diwaniya is the capital of the almost completely Shiite farming province of Qadisiya, known for its marshy fields where farmers grow aromatic ambar rice, similar to India’s basmati.

2007 June 21, Alissa J. Rubin, “Shiite Rivalries Slash at a Once Calm Iraqi City”, in New York Times:

A variety of long-grain rice, notable for its fragrance.


hit-out

(Australia, horse racing) A fast gallop.


arborio

en-noun

arborio (usually uncountable, plural arborios)

/ɑːˈbɔːɹɪ.əʊ/

/ɑɹˈbɔɹi.oʊ/


viognier

viognier (countable and uncountable, plural viogniers)

Though the red we drank was fine with the dish, a white, like a rich viognier with a pedigree — a Condrieu, of course — suits it in far better style.

2007 April 4, Florence Fabricant, “Chicken Meets Fingerlings, and Trumps Lobster”, in New York Times:

A white wine made chiefly from viognier grapes.


muscadet

Unconventionally, he recommends a Loire red with fresh oysters, a dish the French customarily consume with muscadet, a piercing Loire white.

2007 July 22, Howard G. Goldberg, “Loire to Order: Offbeat Choice”, in New York Times:

A white grape grown chiefly in the Loire valley of France, or a dry white wine made from this grape.


iroko

iroko (countable and uncountable, plural irokos)

Milicia excelsa
Milicia excelsa#Translingual

A hardwood obtained from several African trees, especially of the species Milicia excelsa.

イロコ

hardwood obtained from several trees of the genus Chlorophora

odum

Milicia excelsa (syn. Chlorophora excelsa)


mizuna

mizuna (usually uncountable, plural mizunas)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mizuna.wav

His cold sesame chicken seasoned with chili is finely shredded and served in carefully wrought clusters around a salad of mizuna.

2007 June 20, Florence Fabricant, “From a Japanese Chef, Chinese, but Not Takeout”, in New York Times:

One of several tangy green vegetables used in Japanese cuisine, usually Brassica rapa var. nipposinica


einkorn wheat

einkorn wheat (countable and uncountable, plural einkorn wheats)

Borrowed from German Einkorn (literally “single grain”).

bor

2001, Bruce D. Smith, Chapter 6: The Transition to Food Production, Gary M. Feinman, T. Douglas Price (editors), Archaeology at the Millennium: A Sourcebook, Springer, 2007, Softcover, page 207,
A team of researchers from Norway, Germany, and Italy, for example, has recently pinpointed the particular populations of modern wild einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum subsp. boeoticum) that best fit the profile of those stands that probably gave rise about 10,000 years ago in the Near East to domesticated einkorn (Heun et al., 1997).

In Southwest Asia, cereals were among the first plants to be domesticated, with einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.), emmer wheat (T. dicoccum Schiibl.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) present at farming sites dating to the 9th millennium BC (Bell, 1987; Kislev, 1992; Zohary and Hopf, 2000).

2006, Terence A. Brown, Sarah Lindsay, Robin G. Allaby, “Chapter 9: Using Modern Landraces of Wheat to Study the Origins of European Agriculture”, in Timothy J. Motley, Nyree Zerega, Hugh Cross, editors, Darwin's Harvest: New Approaches to the Origins, Evolution, and Conservation of Crops, Columbia University Press, page 197:

Nevertheless, since some plants and animals were more amenable to domestication and more useful (the “founder crops” of emmer and einkorn wheat, barley, lentil, pea, chickpea, bitter vetch (Zohary and Hopf 2000); and sheep, goats, and pigs), its origin and spread within that region can be traced.

2011, Nancy H. Demand, The Mediterranean Context of Early Greek History, Wiley (Wiley-Blackwell), page 17:

If and when you do eat carbohydrate-rich foods like noodles, try to choose those made with Einkorn wheat or a wheat alternative, and be sure to eat them with protein and healthy fat, so they don't raise your blood sugar too much.

2013, Winnie Abramson, One Simple Change: Surprisingly Easy Ways to Transform Your Life, Chronicle Books, page 56:

Wheat refers to genus Triticum, of which a great number of species are cultivated. Einkorn wheat is one of them and refers to the genus^([sic – meaning species]) Triticum monococcum. It is one of the earliest cultivated forms of wheat and its husks enclose the grains tightly. The husking process of Einkorn wheat is shown in Figure 2.1.

2014, Anne Bergeret et al., “2: Valorization of Agricultural By-Products in Poly(Lactic Acid) to Develop Biocomposites”, in Vijay Kumar Thakur, editor, Green Composites from Natural Resources, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 14:

A type of wheat, characterised by the presence of a single grain in each spikelet, that was cultivated in the Fertile Crescent and was one of the first grains to be domesticated; any subtype of said wheat, considered as a unit; in particular, the domesticated form.


winegrowing

Nine riders […] dropped out with injuries sustained in two crashes during the 136km trip from suburban Adelaide through the Clare Valley winegrowing region to Victor Harbour on the coast.

2009 January 23, Ron Reed, “Winds cause crash carnage”, in Herald Sun, archived from the original on 2009-01-29:

Synonym of viticulture, the cultivation of grape vines for wine production.


unplaced

The Listed John Dillon Stakes (1400m) at Caulfield on Australia Day is an option for Rok Posta, who has only been unplaced four times in his 20 starts.

2009 January 18, Adrian Dunn, “Girls combine to Posta win at Flemington”, in Herald Sun:

(horse racing) Not among the first three horses to finish a race.


pasilla

From the Spanish pasilla, diminutive of pasa (“raisin”).

Is it worth $9.99 to have someone buy and cook short ribs, shred them, season them with chipotle, arbol and pasilla chilies, mix them with slices of nopales (cactus paddles), fill two soft tortillas with the mixture and slather them with a rich sauce so you can have beef short rib enchiladas with salsa mestiza and cactus for dinner?

2007 April 18, Florence Fabricant, “A Serving of Kalderetang, and a Guy to Explain It”, in New York Times:

A variety of chili (a dried chilaca), used especially in sauces.


mountain bearberry

en-noun

mountain bearberry (plural mountain bearberries)

Arctostaphylos alpina
Arctostaphylos alpina#Translingual

A species of bearberry (Arctous alpina, syn. Arctostaphylos alpina).


arctic raspberry

arctic raspberry (plural arctic raspberries)

A species of slow-growing bramble belonging to the rose family and bearing a dark red, sweet fruit; Rubus arcticus, native to arctic, subarctic, and alpine regions.


over easy

(US) Of an egg prepared as food, fried on one side until most of the whites have cooked, then lightly fried on the other to finish cooking the whites, leaving the yolk unbroken and slightly soft (runny).


Cox's Orange Pippin

Cox's Orange Pippin (plural Cox's Orange Pippins)

First grown in 1830 by English horticulturist Richard Cox.


furmint

furmint (countable and uncountable, plural furmints)

From Hungarian furmint, from Middle French fromenté (“a type of grape”). Doublet of frumenty.


roma

Swap the vegetables for roma tomatoes (seeded), steamed new potatoes, carrots, and chickpeas (rinsed and drained); add a pinch of curry to the vinaigrette.

2008 January–February, Mark Bittman, “The only 7 meals you need for 2008”, in Men's Health, volume 23, number 1, →ISSN, page 138:

Alternative letter-case form of Roma (“a variety of tomato”).


comfrey

en-noun

comfrey (countable and uncountable, plural comfreys)

From Middle English cumfiria, from Latin (herba) cōnfirma in Pseudo-Apuleius, also called cōnsolida, cōnserva, cōnferva, from conferveo (“to boil together”); from the use of the plant in tea to aid in healing bones.

It thrives on compost and natural fertilizers brewed from comfrey or seaweed and uses only rain, natural groundwater or wastewater purified through a system of reed beds.

2007 April 25, Kim Severson, “Farmer, Cookie Maker, Ecologist and, Yes, the Future King”, in New York Times:

Any of several species of perennial herbs of the genus Symphytum, often specifically Symphytum officinale.


grenache

grenache (countable and uncountable, plural grenaches)

From French grenache, from Italian vernaccia, from Vernazza, a town in Italy. Cognate to Catalan garnatxa, Spanish garnacha, Portuguese garnacha.

A five-course pork dinner paired with grenache wines from several countries will be held on Monday […].

2007 September 26, Florence Fabricant, “Calendar”, in New York Times:

A specific, widely-planted variety of red wine grape, or a wine made from such grapes.


eggless

You can vary eggless ice cream with flavors of your choice.

2007 August 1, Mark Bittman, “From Eggless Custard, Summer’s Iced Treat”, in New York Times:

無蛋的 /无蛋的 (wú dàn de, literally “having no animal eggs”)

無卵的 /无卵的 (wú luǎn de, literally “having no ova”)


maizena

From Spanish in many contexts. In German contexts, from Maizena.


placegetter

2008, Mike Keenan, The Shadows of Horses, 2009 Large 24pt Edition, Read How You Want, page 96,
I was utterly unprepared for the reception I received when I trotted up towards the stall reserved for the second placegetter, in the Saddling Enclosure.

Last year's Caulfield Cup placegetter is rated a $6 chance and will be ridden by champion Irish jockey Michael Kinane.

2009 February 13, Tim Habel, “Time to put best foot forward”, in Herald Sun:

Essentially, punters who played the placecards — usually in a local pub — had to pick a placegetter in each of the four feature races on a Saturday. So, if it was races five, seven and eight, you had to correctly select just one of the three placegetters in each race to win.

2011, Nichola Garvey, Beating the Odds, unnumbered page:

(horse racing, Australia, New Zealand) A horse that finishes among the first three of a race, or in a specified place.


teakwood

teakwood (countable and uncountable, plural teakwoods)

In addition to stained-glass windows and a graceful chandelier over the grand staircase, the boat was festooned with elegant teakwood handrails that encircle the decks, red mahogany that graces the walls in common areas, and rare Siamese ironwood floors.

2007 October 25, Sean D. Hamill, “A Riverboat Could Be Cruising to the End of the Line”, in New York Times:

An item of craftsmanship made from teak.


malagueta

/ˌmɑləˈɡweɪdə/

/ˌmɑləˈɡeɪdə/

From Portuguese malagueta, probably via Middle French malaguette, from Italian meleghetta, from Italian melega (“sorghum”) and -etta (diminutive suffix).
There are various paths by which the name could have become applied to the African pepper. Medieval Latin melegeta was an Indonesian spice called after millet on the basis of the supposed resemblance of their grains. By the mid-15th century, the West African Grain Coast was known in Portuguese as costa da malagueta, whence the place name was borrowed into other languages and applied to its local products. Early English use reports that it was the local name of the spice, long preserved around Cape Palmas, which may indicate a Mande or Kwa origin, although such use is usually attributed to loanwords from Portuguese.
The unrelated Brazilian pepper acquired the name from its similar piquancy.

In Ginney the fruit that is most rife and common... is named Maniguetta.

1568, André Thevet, translated by Thomas Hacket, The New Found Worlde, or Antarctike, Wherein Is Contained Woderful and Strange Things, 26v:

The people of the Gold Coast, when suffering from headache, rub over the forehead a paste of Malaguetta pepper.

1863, Richard F. Burton, Wanderings in West Africa, Dover Publications 1991 edition, volume II, page 37:

Grains of Paradise, Guinea Grains, Melegueta or Mallaguetta Pepper, from Ampelopsis Grana Paradisi, or Habzeli of Ethiopia... Two kinds of these grains are known in the English markets, one plumper than the other... They resemble Pepper in their effects, but are seldom used except in veterinary practice and to give strength to spirits, wine, beer, and vinegar.

1931, Maud Grieve, A Modern Herbal, volume II, page 628:

grains of paradise
grains of paradise#English

Aframomum melegueta
Aframomum melegueta#Translingual

Synonym of grains of paradise, the seeds or seed capsules of the West African Aframomum melegueta; the plant itself.


half-timbered

From half- (prefix meaning ‘half, partial; not complete’) + timbered.

prefix

Having ideally supposed that the County Town must be superior to all others in point of beauty and extent, we were disappointed to find it a small place, consisting of about a hundred half-timbered houses forming a miserable street.

1800, J[ohn] Evans, “Letter II”, in A Tour through Part of North Wales, in the Year 1798, and at Other Times; […], London: […] J. White, […], →OCLC, page 26:

The construction here described, is exactly similar to that followed in the old half timbered houses of England.

1820, James Loch, An Account of the Improvements on the Estates of the Marquess of Stafford, in the Counties of Stafford and Salop, and on the Estate of Sutherland. […], London: […] Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […], footnote *, page 87:

Some of the streets are very narrow, with old half timbered houses on each side; Crown-street is a specimen of the early style of its street architecture.

1837, Thomas Moule, “The West Riding”, in The English Counties Delineated; or, A Topographical Description of England. […], volume II, London: George Virtue, […], →OCLC, page 469, column 2:

The Tullivers had lived on this spot for generations, and he had sat listening on a low stool on winter evenings while his father talked of the old half-timbered mill that had been there before the last great floods which damaged it so that his grandfather pulled it down and built the new one.

1860, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “An Item Added to the Family Register”, in The Mill on the Floss […], volume II, Edinburgh, London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book III (The Downfall), pages 135–136:

The old houses, however, were left until the great fire of 1666 swept them away: it was these charming half-timbered dwellings which afforded the chief fuel for that huge bonfire.

1901, J[ohn] Alfred Gotch, “Miscellaneous Work— […]”, in Early Renaissance Architecture in England: A Historical & Descriptive Account of the Tudor, Elizabethan, & Jacobean Periods, 1500–1625 […], London: B. T. Batsford, […], →OCLC, page 203:

Modeled upon a style popular in England in the middle of the seventeenth century, the many-gabled, half-timbered house still stands, testimony to the skill of its builder.

1980, Gerald H. Clarfield, “For Loyalist to Whig”, in Timothy Pickering and the American Republic, Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press, →ISBN, page 3:

This half-timbered building is the birthplace of William Shakespeare. In this house, he and his brothers and sisters were born and raised.

2005, David Hilliam, “Shakespeare in the Twenty-first Century”, in William Shakespeare: England’s Greatest Playwright and Poet (Rulers, Scholars, and Artists of the Renaissance), New York, N.Y.: Rosen Publishing, →ISBN, page 92:

We pass Much and Little Marcle, and Dymock, all ancient sounding and through the waking up heart of the half-timbered market town of Ledbury, dating to the Doomsday Book.

2014, Colin Rees, Derek Thomas, “4th April: Elgar”, in Birth of a Feather: Seasonal Changes on both Sides of the Atlantic, Kibworth Beauchamp, Leicestershire: Matador, →ISBN, page 97:

(architecture) Of a building: constructed using a load-bearing timber frame with the spaces (panels) between the timbers filled with bricks, stone, or wattle and daub, etc. (the infill), especially if the timber frame is visible on the outside of the building.

bindingsværks-

constructed using a load-bearing timber frame with the spaces between the timbers filled with bricks, etc.


bitter orange

en-noun

bitter orange (countable and uncountable, plural bitter oranges)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bitter orange.wav

Citrus aurantium
Citrus aurantium#Translingual

A citrus tree of the species Citrus ×aurantium, also called Citrus aurantium.


nigger toe

(colloquial, offensive, dated) A brazil nut.


huanghuali

His proudest offering is a matched pair of 17th-century huanghuali tapered cabinets formerly in the Museum of Classical Chinese Furniture in Renaissance, Calif.

2008 March 14, Wendy Moonan, “Rare Works by Eminent Britons”, in New York Times:

Dalbergia odorifera
Dalbergia odorifera#Translingual

The Chinese tree Dalbergia odorifera, or the wood of this tree, which is often used in Chinese woodworking.


mamaliga

From Romanian mămăligă, itself of unknown origin.

A maize porridge originating in Romania.


pennywort

pennywort (countable and uncountable, plural pennyworts)

From Middle English penywort; equivalent to penny + wort.

Umbilicus rupestris
Umbilicus rupestris#Translingual

Any of several not closely related plants around the world, generally with round leaves of about the shape and size of a penny.

(in Europe) A succulent, perennial flowering plant (Umbilicus rupestris; penny-pies, wall pennywort, kidney wort, navelwort) in the stonecrop family (Crassulaceae).

Centella asiatica
Centella asiatica#Translingual

(in Asia) The edible Asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica)

Aquatic or semi-aquatic plants in the genus Hydrocotyle (water pennywort, Indian pennywort, marsh penny, thick-leaved pennywort, and white rot).

such as the edible dollarweed (Hydrocotyle umbellata)


mamey

Borrowed from Spanish mamey, from Taíno.

An evergreen tree of species Mammea americana, or its edible fruit.

Pouteria sapota
Pouteria sapota#Translingual

A tree of species Pouteria sapota, or its fruit.

A flowering plant of species Magnolia guatemalensis


goober

Conscripts by the dozen...
Come pouring in the Castle...
Some from Mississippi state and “Goobers” from Tar river.

1863, anonymous author, “Castle Thunder”, in Louis Napoléon Boudrye, editor, Historic Records of the Fifth New York Cavalry..., Appendix, page 339:

The peanuts or earth-nuts known in North Carolina and the adjoining States as Goober peas, so that during the late Civil War a conscript from the so-called ‘piney woods’ of that State was apt to be nick-named a Goober.

1871, Maximilian Schele de Vere, Americanisms, page 57:

(chiefly Southern US, dated slang) A Georgian or North Carolinian, particularly one from the pine forests of the Sandhills region.


cornhusk

Holonym: ear

Comeronyms: corncob, kernel


onion grass

onion grass (usually uncountable, plural onion grasses)

Allium vineale
Allium vineale#Translingual

Wild or feral chives, garlic, or other species with grass-like leaves in the genus Allium, particularly Allium vineale, a wild herb native to Europe and western Asia, naturalised elsewhere; a common lawn weed.


tasselseed

A mutation of maize characterized by irregular branching in its inflorescences, tassels, and ears, in addition to feminization of the tassel


goji

Marketing coinage, likely an altered pronunciation of Mandarin 枸杞 (gǒuqǐ). The earliest known usage in print was in a 1996 publication. The first usage in the LexisNexis database is a 2002 newspaper article. Wider usage began in 2003 and 2004.

A fruit in the genus Lycium, especially in commercial products where it is promoted as a superfruit.


Granny Smith

Named after Australian orchardist Maria Ann "Granny" Smith, who developed the variety.

A very tart, green-skinned apple cultivar originating in Australia.


yardlong bean

Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis#Translingual

A vigorous climbing annual vine (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) grown primarily for its strikingly long (35-75 cm) immature pods with uses very similar to that of a green bean.


caperberry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-caperberry.wav

Capparis spinosa
Capparis spinosa#Translingual

Capparis spinosa, a perennial winter-deciduous plant that bears rounded, fleshy leaves and large white to pinkish-white flowers, often eaten as pickled buds (capers).


maracock

They plant also Maracocks a wild fruit like a lemmon, which also increase infinitely.

1612, John Smith, Map of Virginia, Kupperman, published 1988, page 139:

(historical) The fruit of various American passionflowers, probably Passiflora incarnata and Passiflora lutea.


raspberrying

The thought of July raspberrying brings recollections of heat, bugs, thorns, dead brush, nettles, and great stalks of wild tiger lilies scattered among the brambles.

1933, American Forests, volume 39, page 347:

Sitting down is the secret of good raspberrying. It is also easier on your pants and nerves, by the way. Raspberries call for a sitting posture.

1944, Robert P. Tristram Coffin, Mainstays of Maine, The Macmillan Company, published 1944, page 88:

During July and August, church, Sunday School, and prayer meeting returned, and there were strawberrying, swimming, the Pondlily Walk, blueberrying, raspberrying, blackberrying, […]

1957, Lura Beam, A Maine Hamlet, Yankee Books, page 138:


posho

posho (usually uncountable, plural poshos)

Borrowed from Swahili posho, itself from English portion.

(East Africa) A food product made of cornmeal.


American ginseng

American ginseng (usually uncountable, plural American ginsengs)

Panax quinquefolius
Panax quinquefolius#Translingual

Panax quinquefolius, source of an herb used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic.


zingiberene

(biochemistry) A monocyclic sesquiterpene, the predominant constituent of the oil of ginger.


marua

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana#Translingual

A type of small-grained cereal from India, Eleusine coracana, similar to millet.


mash potato

mash potato (countable and uncountable, plural mash potatoes)

Lexicalization of a reduced pronunciation of mashed potato with regular deletion of d before p, from mashed + potato. Compare ice cream (from iced cream).

I ate a mash potato today.

1995, Conan O’Brien et al., “Foreword —Carl “Oldy” Olson”, in If They Mated?, New York, N.Y.: Hyperion, →ISBN:

Roasted Vegetables topped with a mash potato with a cheese herb crust

2008 November 9, The Wealden Hall, “Evening Brasserie Set Menu”, in Kent on Sunday, number 320, Ashford, Kent: KOS Media Ltd., page 32:

I cooked fisherman’s pie, with white fish and prawns, in a cheese sauce, with a mash potato on top.

2010, John Stewart, Twin Gap Valley, Kennoway, Fife: Spiderwize, →ISBN, page 26:

Pan Fried Lambs Liver and Bacon served on a mash potato with chives, with onion gravy

2010 April 27, The Windwhistle Inn, “Windwhistle Menu”, in Pulman’s View from Seaton & Beer, number 248, Axminster, Devon: Tindle, page 50:

Tha’ll help me make a bit of dinner for tonight with a few mash potatoes.

2011, Kathleen Doyle, “Fish and Chips”, in What Ma Always Said: […], Dublin: Poolbeg Books Ltd, →ISBN, page 145:

Interestingly enough, while Gilly usually tries do the mash potato, this time he went with a waltz.

2009, Jarrod Kimber, The Year of the Balls 2008: A Disrespective, page 39:


mashua

A type of simple fishing vessel found on the coast of East Africa.


salal

Borrowed from Chinook Jargon from Chinook.

Down below, a ragged line of wolves ran silently, in single file, following a deer trail through the salal.

2013, Ruth Ozeki, A Tale for the Time Being, Canongate Books (2019), page 186:

A leathery-leaved North American shrub, Gaultheria shallon, with edible sepals and leaves.


tromboncino

tromboncino (plural tromboncinos or tromboncini)

tromboncinos (plural)
tromboncini (plural)

A kind of squash, that grows on a vine, has a shape reminiscent of a trombone, is eaten as a summer squash, and often exceeds two feet in length when mature as a winter squash.


ashwood

ashwood (countable and uncountable, plural ashwoods)

Easily as a sailor handling a blasphemy, the African reached behind him for the Viking ax (whose name, cut in runes along its ashwood haft, translated roughly as “Defiler of Your Mother”), but three little words preserved the cordial relations between the head and neck of the intruder, a wiry old party armed with a short sword, Persian by the look of him, with a knob of scar tissue where his right eye had been and a curious sneer.

2007 February 4, Michael Chabon, “‘Gentlemen of the Road’”, in New York Times:


pearwood

pearwood (usually uncountable, plural pearwoods)


bitternut

The bitternut hickory, Carya cordiformis, a common hickory tree native to the eastern United States and southeast Canada.


tayberry

From Tay + berry, after the River Tay in Scotland.

A cultivated shrub of the genus Rubus fruticosus x idaeus, a cross between the blackberry (R. fruiticosus) and raspberry (R. idaeus).

Taybeere

cross between the blackberry and raspberry


horoeka

Horoekas inch their way skyward like this for as many as 20 years before maturing, flowering profusely, and bearing black berries.

2000 December 12, Fodor's, New Zealand: Where to Stay, Eat, and Explore, Smart Travel Tips from A to Z Plus Maps and Color Photos, Fodor's, →ISBN:

(New Zealand) The lancewood tree, Pseudopanax crassifolius.


kouse

A plant or herb with edible roots, in the genus Lomatium, used in traditional Native American foods and medicines.


Malabar nightshade

Malabar nightshade (usually uncountable, plural Malabar nightshades)


climbing nightshade

climbing nightshade (plural climbing nightshades)


rösti

rösti (countable and uncountable, plural röstis)

Borrowed from Alemannic German, from the same root as English roast.

The border between German- and French-speaking Switzerland is known as the “Röstigraben” because only the first traditionally serves rösti at breakfast.

A traditional breakfast dish in Germanophone Switzerland (originally from Bern canton) made from potatoes, fried in a pan with butter or fat and widely varying other ingredients such as bacon, onions, cheese, apples or fresh herbs.

رُوسْتِي

traditional dish in Germanophone Switzerland made from fried potatoes


bluecurls

Any plant in genus Trichostema, with blue flowers.


culantro

From Spanish culantro, whence also the doublet cilantro, which see for more. Both words are doublets of coriander.

A painting of a woman wearing a burgundy shawl over a flamenco-style dress hangs on a wall, and in the garden, tomatoes, peppers, corn and culantro, an herb used in Caribbean cooking, grow in the summer.

2007 January 21, Timothy Williams, “As East Harlem Develops, Its Accent Starts to Change”, in The New York Times:

Eryngium foetidum
Eryngium foetidum#Translingual

The tropical herb Eryngium foetidum, native to Mexico, Central America and South America but cultivated worldwide, used medicinally and in Caribbean cuisine. (See Usage notes below for this sense.)


partridgeberry

Mitchella repens
Mitchella repens#Translingual

Any of various plants, including
squaw vine, Mitchella repens


foxberry

Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vaccinium vitis-idaea#Translingual

The plant cowberry or lingonberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea.


whimberry

From earlier winberry, apparently a variant of wineberry (Middle English winberie) with regular shortening of the first vowel before a consonant cluster; in wineberry, this was prevented or reversed due to analogy.
The assimilation of /nb/ to /mb/ seen in some forms is to be expected (compare hemp < Old English henep). Other forms show the influence of unrelated words; the consonantism of forms with initial wh- is probably due to the influence of whin, while windberry clearly represents remodelling as wind + berry.

Another variable species: when fed upon whimberry or cowberry it is a most distinct-looking insect, often with the white patches placed in a triangle, one on the disk, one on the hind margin, and the usual one: no band.

1871, C. S. Gregson, “Varieties and Aberrations of Lepidoptera”, in Edward Newman, editor, The Entomologist, volume V, London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., page 75:

The lovely pink bloom of the whimberry stalk drops on the turf as the inner part knits itself into hard, green, beady fruit, whilst the leafage changes from a soft green to yellowish brown.

1900, Helen Brierley, Morgan Brierley, a Memoir: With a Selection from His Writings, Rochdale: James Clegg, page 260:

She made whimberry tarts and we ate them with thick, yellow cream until we were tight as drums.

2011 December 30, Nina Bawden, In My Own Time: Almost an Autobiography, Little, Brown Book Group, →ISBN, page 38:

Vaccinium myrtillus
Vaccinium myrtillus#Translingual

(dialectal) The bilberry or whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus).


twinberry

A North American species of honeysuckle, Lonicera involucrata.


brambleberry

From Middle English brymbyll bery, from Old English brǣmelberġe, from Proto-West Germanic *brāmilabaʀi, equivalent to bramble + berry.


hagberry

From hag + berry.
According to Some Folklore of Trees, Animals, and River-fishing from the N.E. of Scotland, "The wood of the 'hackberry' or bird-cherry (Prunus padus) is not used as a staff or for any other purpose, as it is looked on as the witch's tree."

Prunus padus, a species of cherry native to northern Europe and northern Asia, the bird cherry.


sunberry

A historic heirloom shrub, Solanum retroflexum.

The dark blue-purple fruit of Solanum retroflexum, often combined with sugar in desserts.

European black nightshade
European black nightshade

Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum#Translingual

The European black nightshade, Solanum nigrum.

The dark poisonous berry of Solanum nigrum.


wonderberry

The sunberry (in all senses: Solanum retroflexum, Solanum nigrum, and their respective berries).


sparkleberry

From sparkle + berry, apparently a rhyme of farkleberry.


pokeberry

I said that ink made from pokeberries was better than that made from inkballs. I said that inkballs on oak trees were scarce. All the other students laughed. They bought commercial ink at the stores.

considerin in her mind ... iffen the pleasure o gatherin some pokeberries an drawin dark purple picthures on a flat rock wi em would be worth the trouble...

2014, Lewis Carroll, Byron W. Sewell, Victoria J. Sewell, Alice's Adventures in an Appalachian Wonderland, Evertype, →ISBN, page 5:

Phytolacca americana
Phytolacca americana#Translingual

Synonym of pokeweed (the plant Phytolacca americana or its dark red or purple fruit).


hindberry

From Middle English *hindberie, from Old English hindberie, hindberġe, hindberiġe, equivalent to hind + berry. Compare Dutch hennebes, hinnebes, German Himbeere, Danish hindbær.

[…] they made considerable progress in the art of embalming the wild fruits of their native land, so that they might command cranberries and hindberries at all times and seasons.

1834, The Hobart Town Magazine, volume 2, page 323:


hurtleberry

From Middle English hurtil-beri (“bilberry or blue whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus); berry of this shrub”); further etymology unknown, compare Middle English horten, hurten (“bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)”), and Old English horte (“bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)”).


cackleberry

From cackle + berry, from the sound of a hen and the rounded shape of an egg.

He had returned with a chipped bowl full of hen's eggs. ‘Nice fresh cackleberries for your mum and dad.’

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 254:

Kestrels they hunted down for their clusters of mottled cackleberries.

2017, Benjamin Myers, The Gallows Pole, Bloomsbury, published 2019, page 218:


sheepberry

Viburnum lentago
Viburnum lentago#Translingual

The plant Viburnum lentago, native to the northeastern and midwestern United States and southern Canada.


redberry

(Canada, Labrador) The lingonberry or cowberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea.