peppermint

peppermint (countable and uncountable, plural peppermints)

→ French: paparmane

→ Gujarati: પિપરમીટ (piparmīṭ)

→ Japanese: ペパーミント (pepāminto)

→ Korean: 페퍼민트 (pepeominteu)

A hybrid herb of the mint family (Mentha × piperita), formed by crossing watermint and spearmint, which has a high menthol content and a sharp flavor and is used in cooking, especially in herb teas and in confections.

In the hissing flames, Greenhill and Travers boiled the bark from peppermint gums and roasted their kangaroo-skin jackets.

2004, Nicholas Shakespeare, In Tasmania, Harvill Press, p. 76

(Australia) Any of various eucalypts of southeastern Australia whose leaves yield peppermint-like essential oils.

(countable) Any of various sweets containing extract of the peppermint herb; peppermint confectionery.


menthol

en-noun

menthol (countable and uncountable, plural menthols)

(organic chemistry) A cyclic monoterpene alcohol; the major component of the essential oil of peppermint; used in pharmaceutical preparations as an antitussive and antipruritic agent, as a nasal decongestant, and in menthol cigarettes.


spearmint

spearmint (countable and uncountable, plural spearmints)

From spear (“sprout of a plant, spire”) + mint, so named due to its spiry blooms.

af

Mentha spicata
Mentha spicata#Translingual

A herb of the mint family (Mentha spicata), commonly used in herb tea, candy and to treat mild stomach ache.


green pepper

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-green pepper.wav

A green variety of dried peppercorn, made from the unripe berries by treating them in a manner that retains the green color.


century egg

Almonds, parched watermelon seeds—esteemed as a great delicacy—spareribs covered with a mixture of molasses sugar, fried fish, chicken livers and century eggs were put on the table at once.

1912 November 15, “Chop suey hoax exposed”, in The Mixer & Server, volume 21, number 11, page 35:

More or less is heard about the Chinese "century eggs." These are duck eggs which have been preserved by a coating of mud, rice hulls, lime and wood ashes.

1922 December 20, E. C. Heinsohn, “Eggs and Poultry in China”, in The Egg Reporter, page 28:

In the middle of the platter were century eggs, eggs which have been left in lime for a long, long time until the yolk has become dark and the white gelatinous.

1953, Dorothy Snapp McCammon, We tried to stay, page 95:

There are many varieties of congee but the most common is this salted pork with century egg.

2015, Deborah Lowe Kwok Yun, The Little Cantonese Cookbook:

King Chef (2F Main Mall, 0932 323 1871) serves healthy food and authentic Cantonese cuisine in a fine dining setup. For Father's Day, treat the whole family to its dim sum platters! It has a roasted platter which includes soyed chicken, roast duck, barbecued pork asado, fried five-spice roll, and soyed cucumber with century egg. Another option is the steamed dim sum platter, where you can devour a spread of hakaw, pork & shrimp siomai, Japanese siomai, beancurd roll, and Taosi spareribs.

2022 June 18, “Go on a Binondo food trip this Father's Day at Lucky Chinatown”, in Manila Bulletin, Manila: Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-06-22:

A Chinese delicacy made by preserving a duck, chicken or quail egg in a mixture of clay, ash, salt, quicklime and rice hulls for several weeks to several months, depending on the method of processing.


allheal

From all + heal. Compare Latin panax and panacea.

Prunella vulgaris
Prunella vulgaris#Translingual

Any of several plants supposed to have broad healing powers.

Prunella vulgaris, a species in the mint family.

Stachys, a genus of plants in the mint family, heal-all, self-heal, woundwort, betony, lamb's ears, hedgenettle.

Along the river Neb, at Ballig, the common valerian (Valeriana officinalis) is blooming thickly; tall, slender, pale pink, beautifully scented, moving in the wind. Also called ‘all-heal’, ‘cut-finger’ and ‘cat's love’.

[1986, Richard Adams, A Nature Diary, Penguin Group, →ISBN, page 82:

Valeriana officinalis
Valeriana officinalis#Translingual

Valeriana officinalis, a species in the valerian family.


skeg

From a dialectal term for a stump, branch, or wooden peg; compare Swedish skog. Compare also shaw.

Some take them for Damascen plums, or rather for Bullois, Skegs, or such like wilde Plums.

1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book II.]”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], (please specify |tome=1 or 2), London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:

Prunus spinosa
Prunus spinosa#Translingual

(obsolete) A sort of wild plum (Prunus spinosa or Prunus domestica subsp. insititia (syn. Prunus institia)).


disseminule

A seed fruit that has been modified for migration.


masa

en-noun

masa (usually uncountable, plural masas)

From Spanish masa (“dough”). Doublet of mass.

The chef Fermín Núñez of Suerte, in Austin, Texas, considers masa “the canvas of what Mexican cooking is all about.” “Without masa,” he said, “there’s no tortillas, and, without tortillas, there’s no tacos!”

2023 July 7, Rick A. Martínez, quoting Fermín Núñez, “For the Best Tortillas (and Gorditas and Tetelas), You Need Fresh Masa”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

(US) Maize dough made from freshly prepared hominy, used for making tortillas, tamales, etc.


eddo

Colocasia esculenta
Colocasia esculenta#Translingual

Colocasia antiquorum
Colocasia antiquorum

A plant (Colocasia esculenta, but often identified as Colocasia antiquorum, among numerous other synonyms), which is usually considered a variety of C. esculenta, with edible starchy tubers.


phaseolus

any of several domesticated beans, of the genus Phaseolus, native to the Americas


Gamay

Yet the 2016 Éxilé rosé from Lise et Bertrand Jousset in the Loire Valley, made mostly of gamay, was yeasty let light and lithe, while the 2016 Indigeno from Ancarani in Emilia-Romagna, made of trebbiano, was taut and earthy.

2018 March 8, Eric Asimov, “Bubbles, With Joy: Pétillant Naturel’s Triumphant Return”, in The New York Times:

Any of several varieties of red grape used for making Beaujolais and other red wines.


kaoliang

kaoliang (countable and uncountable, plural kaoliangs)

From the Wade-Giles romanization of the former pronunciation of Mandarin 高粱 (gāoliáng).

高粱酒

こうりゃんしゅ, kōryanshu, こうりょうしゅ, kōryōshu


chico

Perhaps from Spanish choclo, influded by chico.

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chico.wav

(American Southwest, chiefly in the plural) Sweet corn that has been cooked and dried on the cob.


mahogany

mahogany (countable and uncountable, plural mahoganies)

→ German: Mahagoni

A word of unknown origin concocted in either English or Middle Dutch from one or more exotic phytonyms and common European words.

bastard mahogany

Eucalyptus botryoides or Matayba apetala

Brazilian mahogany

Cariniana legalis; Plathymenia foliolosa, Plathymenia reticulata

A very neat old woman, still in her good outdoor coat and best beehive hat, was sitting at a polished mahogany table on whose surface there were several scored scratches so deep that a triangular piece of the veneer had come cleanly away[…].

1963, Margery Allingham, “Foreword”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

(uncountable) The valuable wood of any of various tropical American evergreen trees, of the genus Swietenia, mostly used to make furniture.

(countable) Any of the trees from which such wood comes.


mahogany

en-adj

mahogany (comparative more mahogany, superlative most mahogany)

more mahogany (comparative)
most mahogany (superlative)


apple of Sodom

apple + of + Sodom; compare the common assumption that the forbidden fruit of the Garden of Eden was an apple. Possibly also imitative of Hebrew תַּפּוּחַ (tapuah, “apple”) + סְדוֹם (Sdom, “Sodom”).

(botany) Any of various plants, often bearing bitter or poisonous fruit.

Any of certain species of plants of the genus Solanum (nightshades).

A bitter apple, bitterball, or bitter tomato (Solanum incanum), a plant native to sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and India.


ramp

(Appalachia, derogatory) A worthless person.


butter bean

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-butter bean.wav

Any bean of certain species, including:
A wax bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual


blackcap

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-blackcap.wav

Other times the cat would run off to the hunting grounds, either the swamps or the Astroni, and when the hunters shot down an oriole or a great tit or a blackcap [translating capofuscolo], she collected them and presented them to the king with the same message.

2007, Giambattista Basile, translated by Nancy L. Canepa, Tale of Tales, Penguin, II.4:

black-capped chickadee
black-capped chickadee

(obsolete, UK, US, dialectal) Any of various species of titmouse (of the family Paridae), including the black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus, syn. Parus atricapillus).


string bean

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-string bean.wav

Any long, slender green bean.
A common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Phaseolus coccineus
Phaseolus coccineus#Translingual

An immature runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus)

Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis#Translingual

A yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis)

Lablab purpureus
Lablab purpureus#Translingual

Any long, slender green bean.
A hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus)


grapple

From Middle English *grapple, *graple, from Old French grappil (“a ship's grapple”) (compare Old French grappin (“hook”)), from Old French grape, grappe, crape (“hook”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *krappō (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *grep- (“hook”), *gremb- (“crooked, uneven”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to turn, bend, twist”). See further at grape. Influenced in some senses by grapple (“seize”, verb) (see above).

derived

A tool with claws or hooks which is used to catch or hold something.

(nautical) A device consisting of iron claws, attached to the end of a rope, used for grasping and holding an enemy ship prior to boarding; a grappling iron.


shrub celery

The crisp, thick leafstalk of the celery plant; used as a vegetable, or eaten raw.

bleekselderij

the crisp thick leafstalk of the celery plant


blood orange

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-blood orange.wav

Derives its name from the crimson-colored flesh.

Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis#Translingual

A type of orange (a variety of Citrus sinensis) notable for its dark, crimson red flesh.


buckwheat

en-noun

buckwheat (usually uncountable, plural buckwheats)

Ultimately from Middle Low German bōkwête (“beech-wheat”) (so called because of its triangular seeds, which resemble the much larger seeds of the beech nut from the beech tree, and the fact that it is used like wheat), probably via Middle Dutch boecweit, boecweite. Compare German Buchweizen.
Despite the name, buckwheat is not related to wheat, as it is not a grass.

der

(Western US) Any of the wild buckwheats in the genus Eriogonum.


blackthorn

/ˈblækˌθɔːn/

/ˈblækˌθɔɹn/

A large shrub or small tree, Prunus spinosa, that is native to Europe, western Asia, and north Africa. It has a dark bark and bears thorns.

إِجَّاص شَائِك

ʔijjāṣ šāʔik


gean

From Middle French guine (modern French guigne).

Thus in the early year the blue pearl clusters of the grape hyacinth bloomed, and in autumn the geans rejoiced us with the red Chinese lantern gleam of their fruit.

1947 [1939], Ernst Jünger, translated by Stuart Hood, On the Marble Cliffs, New Directions, translation of Auf den Marmorklippen (in German), →LCCN, →OCLC, page 12:

‘Given the circumstances, Effie,’ he whispered, ‘I could blossom again like a gean-tree.’

1955, Robin Jenkins, The Cone-Gatherers, Canongate, published 2012, page 45:

(now dialectal) A wild cherry tree, Prunus avium, native to Europe and western Asia or its small, dark fruit.


hawthorn

From Middle English hawthorn, from Old English hagaþorn, hæguþorn, from Proto-West Germanic *haguþorn; equivalent to haw (“hedge, enclosure”) + thorn.

Proust, an author to whom Humboldt had introduced me and in whose work he gave me heavy instruction, said he was often attracted to people whose faces had something in them of a hawthorn hedge in bloom.

1976 September, Saul Bellow, Humboldt’s Gift, New York, N.Y.: Avon Books, →ISBN, page 59:

Any of various shrubs and small trees of the genus Crataegus having small, apple-like fruits and thorny branches


hickory

en-noun

hickory (countable and uncountable, plural hickories)

A shortening of pockerchicory/pokickery/pohickery, from Powhatan pawcohiccora.

[H]e came across this young man sawin' on a fiddle and playin' it hot
And the devil jumped up on a hickory stump
And said, "Boy, let me tell you what."

1979, “The Devil Went Down to Georgia”, in Charlie Daniels, Tom Crain, "Taz" DiGregorio, Fred Edwards, Charles Hayward, James W. Marshall (lyrics), Million Mile Reflections, performed by The Charlie Daniels Band:

(countable) Any of various deciduous hardwood trees of the genera Carya and Annamocarya, one species of which, Carya illinoinensis, is the source of pecan nuts.


sunny side up

(US) Of an egg: fried on one side, served with the unbroken relatively soft yolk on the top.

(of a newborn) Born with one's head facing upward, as opposed to the normal downward-facing birth.


poplar

poplar (countable and uncountable, plural poplars)

From Middle English popler, from Anglo-Norman popler and Old French poplier (compare French peuplier), from Latin pōpulus, with a suffix later added.

American poplar

Populus tremuloides; Liriodendron tulipifera

balsam poplar

Populus balsamifera; Populus sect. Tacamahaca

They are gathered under the low-hanging branches of a poplar, its gold and green leaves glittering on the breeze like tinsel.

2020, Paul Mendez, Rainbow Milk, Dialogue Books (2021), page 285:

Any of various deciduous trees of the genus Populus.

аӷш

any of various deciduous trees of the genus Populus


redwood

a redwood grove

This redwood deck will last forever.

Sequoia sempervirens
Sequoia sempervirens#Translingual

(countable, uncountable, USDA-preferred term) A tree of the species Sequoia sempervirens.

This planter is made of redwood.

(uncountable) Wood of the species Sequoia sempervirens.

Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris#Translingual

(uncountable, British, obsolete) Wood of the species Pinus sylvestris.

Manilkara bidentata
Manilkara bidentata#Translingual

(countable) A tree of species Manilkara bidentata harvested for timber and latex.


sandalwood

sandalwood (countable and uncountable, plural sandalwoods)

From sandal + wood, the first component being from Middle English sandal (“sandalwood”), from Medieval Latin sandalum, from Byzantine Greek σάνδανον (sándanon), σάνταλον (sántalon), from Arabic صَنْدَل (ṣandal), from Middle Persian [script needed] (cndl /čandal/, “sandalwood”), from Sanskrit चन्दन (candana, “sandalwood”).

der

Any of various tropical trees of the genus Santalum, native or long naturalized in India, Australia, Hawaii, and many south Pacific islands.

صَنْدَل

any of various tropical trees of the genus Santalum

صَنْدَل

the aromatic heartwood of the trees of the genus Santalum


Indian corn

→ Welsh: india-corn

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Indian corn.wav

a variety of candy corn that contains chocolate in addition to honey-based candy


abdelavi

From Arabic عَبْد اللَّاوِي (ʕabd al-lāwī, “a variety of melon”).

عَبْد اللَّاوِي

A variety of muskmelon from North Africa and Arabia, Cucumis melo.


fava bean

An edible bean (Vicia faba) native to Africa and Southwest Asia with a long tradition of cultivation.


broad bean

The term 'bean' originally referred to the seed of the broad bean.

An edible bean that has broad seeds (Vicia faba).


yarrow

en-noun

yarrow (usually uncountable, plural yarrows)

Friedrich Kluge
John Francis Davis
Nicoline van der Sijs

From Middle English ȝarowe, yarowe, yarwe, from Old English ġearwe, from Proto-West Germanic *garwā (“yarrow, yarrow-like herbs”), perhaps derived from *garu (“prepared, ready (of food)”), as the plant was used medicinally for digestion.
Cognate with Dutch gerw (“yarrow”) and German (Schaf-)garbe.

inh

The Yarrow, where-with-all he stops the wound-made gore:

1612, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, song 13 p. 218:

“Oh, yarrow! This is it,” she said, extracting a single long stemmed ferny grass with clusters of small white flowers from the bouquet in her hand.

1979, Victor Kaplan, The Woman who Gathered Yarrow; The Box; Miss Vesey's Other Leg, →ISBN, page 11:

Achillea millefolium
Achillea millefolium#Translingual

Common yarrow, Achillea millefolium, the type species of the genus.


breadfruit

en-noun

breadfruit (plural breadfruits or breadfruit)

breadfruits (plural)
breadfruit (plural)

From bread + fruit, from the texture of the fruit.

African breadfruit (Artocarpus treculianus and Treculia africana

There is also a fine tract of guano, inland, where grow limes, oranges, breadfruit and mummy-apples.

1929, Robert Dean Frisbee, The Book of Puka-Puka, Eland, published 2019, page 53:

Artocarpus altilis
Artocarpus altilis#Translingual

An evergreen tree, Artocarpus altilis, native to islands of the east Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean.


damson

From Middle English damascene, damasyn, damacene, from Latin prūnum damascēnum (“Damascene plum, plum of Damascus”). Doublet of damascene.

der

A subspecies of plum tree, Prunus domestica subsp. insititia, native to Eurasia.


chervil

en-noun

chervil (countable and uncountable, plural chervils)

/ˈt͡ʃɜː(ɹ)vɪl/

From Middle English chervell, from Old English cerfille, from Anglo-Norman chervele (compare Jèrriais chèrfi), from Latin chaerephylla, plural of chaerephyllum, from Ancient Greek χαιρέφυλλον (khairéphullon).

der

The life of one plant would be affected by another. Rue was definitely hostile to basil, rosemary to hyssop, but coriander, dill and chervil lived on the friendliest of terms[.]

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 253:

Anthriscus cerefolium
Anthriscus cerefolium#Translingual

(countable) A leafy herb, Anthriscus cerefolium, resembling parsley.


lovage

en-noun

lovage (countable and uncountable, plural lovages)

From Middle English loveache, a folk-etymological alteration, after love and ache (“parsley”), of Anglo-Norman luvasche and Old French luvache, loveche et al., and Middle French levesche, from Latin levisticum, probably alteration of Latin ligusticum, substantivization of the neuter of Ligusticus (“Ligurian”), ultimately from Ancient Greek Λιγυστικός (Ligustikós, “Ligurian”), from Λίγυς (Lígus, “Ligurian”). This replaced the Old English name lufestiċe (literally “love-stitch”), which was also derived from levisticum and altered by folk-etymology.

der

Levisticum officinale
Levisticum officinale#Translingual

A perennial Mediterranean herb, of species Levisticum officinale, with odor and flavor resembling celery.


blaeberry

From Middle English bloberi; equivalent to blae (“bluish gray”) + berry.

Vaccinium myrtillus
Vaccinium myrtillus#Translingual

(Northern England, Scotland, dialect) The bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus.


cantaloupe

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cantelope.wav

From French cantaloup, from Italian Cantalupo (a place name), from Italian canto + lupo, literally "howl of the wolf".
Named after a former Papal summer estate near Rome, where the melons were first grown after being introduced to Europe.

Cucumis melo Cantalupensis Group, a cultivar group melon with sweet aromatic orange flesh, including two main types:

(UK, Ireland) Cantalupensis Group sensu stricto, with non- or slightly netted rind, also known as true cantaloupe or European cantaloupe, found in the Middle East and Europe.


dewberry

Rubus caesius
Rubus caesius#Translingual

Small brambles of the genus Rubus which have stems that trail along the ground.

American dewberry, species of Rubus sect. Flagellares

The purple to black berries of these plants.


sweet basil

Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicum#Translingual

An herb used for seasoning (Ocimum basilicum)


Spartan

From Middle English Spartan, Spertan, from Latin Spartānus, from Sparta + -ānus, equivalent to Sparta + -an.

A red apple cultivar from British Columbia, Canada


soursop

/ˈsaʊəɹˌsɒp/

Annona muricata
Annona muricata#Translingual

A small tropical evergreen tree, Annona muricata.

Bermuda buttercup (Oxalis pes-caprae), an edible wood sorrel native to South Africa

(by extension) any wood sorrel, especially when used as food


codling

From Middle English codling, codeling, equivalent to cod + -ling.

A hake (cod-related food fish), notably from the genus Urophycis.


rockmelon

1998, FAO, Pesticide Residues in Food, 1998, Evaluations: Part 1: Residues, Volume 1, page 459,
Australia reported trials on cucumbers, zucchini, rockmelons and watermelons. […] Twenty-four rockmelons were dipped, followed by 24 cucumbers. The dimethoate dip solution was analysed before and after the dippings and contained 409 mg/l and 404 mg/l respectively. Four samples each of rockmelon and cucumber were taken 0, 3 and 7 days after treatment and homogenized.

rockmelon ginger whip
Put 280 g (10 oz/2 cups) chopped ripe rockmelon (or other orange-fleshed melon), 125 ml (4 fl oz/1/2 cup) orange juice, 1 tablespoon chopped fresh ginger and 8 ice cubes in a blender. Blend until smooth and pour into tall glasses.

2004, Michele Cranston, Marie Claire Kitchen, page 41:

Also called ‘netted’ melon (because of the raised webbing on its skin) or muskmelon on account of its glorious smell when ripe, rockmelon has deep, peachy-coloured flesh which is rich in beta carotenes (vitamin A).

2006, Leanne Kitchen, Grower′s Market, page 148:

(Australia, New Zealand) A type of melon, Cucumis melo var. reticulatus, with sweet orange flesh and a rough skin resembling netting.


beech mast

en-noun

beech mast (usually uncountable, plural beech masts)

the fruit or mast of the beech tree; beechnuts


slivovitz

slivovitz (countable and uncountable, plural slivovitzes)

From Serbo-Croatian šljȉvovica, шљи̏вовица (“slivovitz”), from šljȉva, шљи̏ва (“plum”) + -ica, -ица (suffix forming a feminine noun, often a diminutive). Šljȉva may be derived from Proto-Indo-European *sliwo-, the suffixed form of *(s)leh₃y- (“bluish”), describing the colour of the fruit.

The spirit called Sirmischer Slivovitz is met with at Trieste. It is distilled from fermented plums, and is made in Sirmia near Belgrade. This kind of spirit is also in use at Vienna and Prague.

1820, W[illiam] A[rchibald] Cadell, chapter I, in A Journey in Carniola, Italy, and France, in the Years 1817, 1818, […] In Two Volumes, volume I, Edinburgh: Printed for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. Cheapside, →OCLC, page 18:

Four fairs are held at Pest annually; and while they last, it is calculated that 20,000 strangers and 14,000 waggons pass the outer lines. 8000 large barges unload at the quay in the course of the year: the principal trade lies in wines, raw hides, honey, wax, and a vile spirit, called Slivovitz, made from plums.

1850, “Route 282. The Danube (F[rance]).—Presburg to Pest.”, in A Hand-book for Travellers in Southern Germany; […], 5th corrected and enlarged edition, London: John Murray, […] ; Paris: A[nthony] & W[illiam] Galignani & Co.; Stassin and Xavier; Leipzig: Longman, →OCLC, section XV (Hungary), page 420, column 1:

There is a great abundance of all the necessaries of life and even many of its luxuries, as game, fish, very good wine, tobacco, plum brandy (‘slivovitz’), an excellent spirit, and silk in considerable quantity.

1872 September, “D.”, “Servia”, in James Anthony Froude, editor, Fraser’s Magazine, volume VI, number XXXIII (New Series), London: Longmans, Green, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 351, column 1:

"There is a flask of slivovitz (the plum brandy of the country) underneath the seat, if you should require it."

1897, Bram Stoker, Dracula, published 1899, page 11:

We went in the hotel bar, sat down and proceeded to order some Slivovitz. When I first tasted it I thought that it was nice, but it tasted so much like apple cider that I said to myself, "This stuff ain't so bad," and, before long, I had ordered many of these bad drinks.

1986, Buck Clayton, assisted by Nancy Miller Elliott, “Humphrey Lyttelton and My English Tours”, in Buck Clayton’s Jazz World, Basingstoke, Hampshire, London: The Macmillan Press, →ISBN, page 176:

[W]hen I reach the bridge and begin to run across it, I will pray that the sniper who killed old man Samir yesterday and little Lejla the day before, is looking the other way, or moving position as the snipers do, or warming his fingers round a mug of hot coffee, or glancing up and downing a slivovic.

1996, Gordon Stevens, chapter 1, in Kara’s Game, London: HarperCollins, →ISBN, page 31:

It is almost impossible to attend a meeting, visit someone at home, or even call upon the sisters at the monastery and not be offered slivovic. Morning, noon, or night … it doesn't matter. When my meeting with the pcelari ended, Mesam presented me with a gift. It was a bottle of slivovic.

2008, Frank E. Wismer III, “The Reverend Canon Andrew White”, in War in the Garden of Eden: A Military Chaplain’s Memoir from Baghdad, New York, N.Y.: Seabury Books, →ISBN, pages 33–34:

(countable, uncountable) A type of rakija made mostly in Eastern European countries from distilled, fermented plum juice.

Schligowitz

rakija made from distilled, fermented plum juice


taro

taro (usually uncountable, plural taros)

Tok Pisin: taro

Borrowed from Maori taro. Doublet of kalo, from Hawaiian.

The Jiasian region is famous for taro ice cream. Even though taro is the key ingredient in the ice cream, people in this area bought taro from other regions. During the post-Typhoon Morakot reconstruction process, JCA and other local organisations encouraged large numbers of farmers in Jiasian to grow taro. The Agriculture Bureau then started investing in Jiasian taro farming. Local taro ice cream makers are now using local taro to support local agriculture.

2018, Lena Dominelli, editor, The Routledge Handbook of Green Social Work, Routledge, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 134:

Colocasia esculenta
Colocasia esculenta#Translingual

Colocasia esculenta, raised as a food primarily for its corm, which distantly resembles potato.

Any of several other species with similar corms and growth habit in Colocasia, Alocasia etc.


ladyfinger

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-ladyfinger.wav

Ladyfingers soaked in liqueur are the base of tiramisu, but I suppose you could just cut up a sponge cake instead.

A small sponge cake, shaped approximately like a finger.


fauxtatoes

Blend of faux (“artificial, fake”) + potatoes.

blend

Cauliflower Purée (a.k.a. "Fauxtatoes") This is a wonderful substitute for mashed potatoes with any dish that has a gravy or sauce.

2010, Dana Carpender, “Sides”, in 1,001 Low-Carb Recipes: Hundreds of Delicious Recipes from Dinner to Dessert that Let You Live Your Low-Carb Lifestyle and Never Look Back, Beverly, Mass.: Fair Winds Press, →ISBN, page 209:

Are your kids begging for mashed potatoes with their grilled chicken and Brussels sprouts (hooray for you if your kids eat Brussels sprouts!)? Make a healthier choice by switching to faux-tatoes, a blend of pureed cauliflower and coconut milk.

2014, J. J. Virgin, “Top Swaps and the Virgin Plate”, in The Virgin Diet Cookbook: 150 Easy and Delicious Recipes to Lose Weight and Feel Better Fast, New York, N.Y.: Grand Central Life & Style, →ISBN:

Fauxtatoes are a great stand-in for mashed potatoes, especially if you have a super tasty gravy to soak up.

2015, Dana Carpender, “Hot Vegetable Sides”, in Paleo/Primal in 5 Ingredients or Less: More than 200 Sugar-Free, Grain-Free, Gluten-Free Recipes, Beverly, Mass.: Fair Winds Press, →ISBN, page 128:

A dish of mashed cauliflower used as an alternative to potatoes by followers of a low-carbohydrate diet.


stevia

From the Latin genus name Stevia, after 16th century Spanish botanist Pedro Jaime Esteve (latinized as Petrus Jacobus Stevus).

A naturally sweet herb called stevia is gaining in popularity as a sugar substitute, especially in beverages. Food additives must provide evidence of their safety and effectiveness before receiving FDA approval, and stevia lacks this approval for use as a sweetener because so little is known about its effects on human health, save that it can be absorbed by the human digestive tract.

2006, Frances Sizer, Ellie Whitney, Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies, 10th edition, page 49:

Another natural sweetener comes from the stevia plant. In December 2008, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gave a “generally recognized as safe” status to Truvia and PureVia, both of which are wholly derived from the stevia plant and have no calories.

2010, Rita Girouard Mertig, What Nurses Know...Diabetes, page 18:

My absolute preference for a sweetener is the herb stevia—not the white crystalline extract, but the chopped green leaves. Stevia has no calories and does not cause any insulin response.

2010, Sam Graci, The Food Connection: The Right Food at the Right Time, page 139:

Any of the sweet herbs of genus Stevia, native to tropical and subtropical regions of South America and western North America.


pigtail

One person […] continued constantly to ply him with the very best pig-tail tobacco, which he had most carefully cut in very small pieces purposely for him.

1828, JT Smith, Nollekens and His Times, Century Hutchinson, published 1986, page 265:


nonpareil

en-noun

nonpareil (countable and uncountable, plural nonpareils)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-nonpareil.wav

/ˌnɑnpəˈɹɛl/

From Late Middle English non-parail (“unparalleled, nonpareil”) [and other forms], from Middle French nonpareille, nonpareil (“unparalleled”) (obsolete), from non- (prefix meaning ‘not’) + pareil (“alike, like, same”). Pareil is derived from Old French pareil, from Late Latin pāriculus (“equal; like; of a number: even”), from Latin pār (“equal; like; of a number: even; suitable”) + -culus (a variant of -ulus (suffix forming diminutives)). Doublet of umpire.
Noun sense 4 (size of type standardized at 6-point) is usually taken to derive from the attractive type cut by the brothers Giovanni and Gregorio De Gregori (fl. 1482–1503 and 1496–1527 respectively) for their 1498 edition of the divine offices in Venice; it was for a long time the smallest-sized type in use.

nb...

nonparaille, nonpareyl, nounparalle, nowimparaile

nonpareillo

quasi-Italian, obsolete, chiefly 17th–18th c.

I believe that letters which are less than a millimetre and a half (1/17 inch) high, will finally prove injurious to the eye. How little attention has hitherto been paid to this important subject is exemplified in the fact that even oculistic journals and books frequently contain nonpareil, or letters only a millimetre (1/25 inch) high.

1881 May 19, Hermann Cohn, “Eyes and School-Books”, in Popular Science Monthly:

A Handbook of Astronomy (cover, brown leather, detached, 5 plates, antique letterpress long primer, author’s footnotes nonpareil, marginal clues brevier, captions small pica).

1922 February, James Joyce, “[17]”, in Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, […], →OCLC:

(uncountable, typography, chiefly historical) A size of type between ruby and emerald (or, in the United States, between agate and minion), standardized as 6-point; (countable) a slug of this size.

nonparej

size of type standardized at 6-point; slug of this size


chaya

A large, fast-growing leafy perennial Mexican shrub which is popular in Mexico and Central America as a leafy vegetable, cooked and eaten like spinach, from species Cnidoscolus aconitifolius or Cnidoscolus chayamansa.


okra

en-noun

okra (countable and uncountable, plural okras)

→ Irish: ocra

→ Korean: 오크라 (okeura)

→ Welsh: ocra

From an unknown West African language, probably Igbo ọ́kụ̀rụ̀ but cf. Akan ŋkrũmã and ŋkrakra (“broth”).

der

Igbo ọ́kụ̀rụ̀

Ocra, this has a round green stem, which rises straight up to ten or twelve foot high.

1707, Hans Sloane, A Voyage to the Islands Madera, Barbados..., volume I, page 222:

Okra does not do well in tight, waterlogged soils, but will tolerate a soil pH range of from 6.0 to 7.5.

1989, Ib Libner Nonnecke, Vegetable Production, page 610:

We planted some truck crops like watermelons and okra, which was risky.

2011, Leon Neel et al., The Art of Managing Longleaf: A Personal History of the Stoddard-Neel Approach, page 36:

Abelmoschus esculentus
Abelmoschus esculentus#Translingual

The flowering mallow plant Abelmoschus esculentus itself, now commonly grown in the tropics and warmer parts of the temperate zones.


ladies' fingers

From a supposed resemblance to women's fingers.

Synonym of okra: the edible capsules of the okra plant.


sweet pepper

en-noun

sweet pepper (countable and uncountable, plural sweet peppers)

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

(UK) The fruit of a nonspicy cultivar of pepper, Capsicum annuum, marketed in green-, red-, yellow- and orange-skinned varieties.


red pepper

A red-colored, ripe, bell or sweet pepper. Unripe peppers of this variety are green and edible but not as sweet.


hackberry

hackberry (countable and uncountable, plural hackberries)

Lindheimer's hackberry (Celtis lindheimeri

Any of several deciduous trees of the genus Celtis, widespread over the Northern Hemisphere, having small fruit.

Prunus padus, a species of cherry tree, of Eurasia, or its berry.


tomacco

A tomato plant grafted onto a tobacco plant.


pickled egg

Jars of pickled eggs are seen in British pubs, where they are served as bar snacks.

(British) An egg, usually from a hen, that has been pickled in vinegar, giving the outside a brown colour.


macadamia

macadamia (countable and uncountable, plural macadamias)

An evergreen tree, of the genus Macadamia, native to Australia and cultivated in Hawaii.


macadamia nut

The hard-shelled edible seed of the macadamia tree.


madnep

(obsolete) The masterwort (Peucedanum ostruthium).


chia

chia (countable and uncountable, plural chias)

Borrowed from Spanish chía, from Classical Nahuatl chiyan (“seed of the chia plant”).

der

Salvia columbariae, a sage with similar seeds, native to the southwestern US and northwestern Mexico.


biffin

Possibly from beef, because of the red colour.

A deep-red cooking apple native to Britain.


old woman

en-noun

old woman (countable and uncountable, plural old women)


corn dog

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-corn dog.wav

A hot dog coated in cornbread batter and deep-fried in hot oil.


pimpernel

From Anglo-Norman pimpernele et al., Middle French pimpinelle (“burnet saxifrage”) et al., from Medieval Latin pimpinella, pipinella, most likely from piper (“pepper”) because its fruit resembled peppercorns, although variants may suggest other derivations, bipinnella the bipennis (“two-winged”).

der

Pimpinella saxifraga
Pimpinella saxifraga#Translingual

(now rare) A plant of the genus Pimpinella, especially burnet saxifrage (Pimpinella saxifraga).

Common Pimpernel has diverse weak square stalks lying on the ground, beset all along with two small and almost round leaves at every joint [...].

1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society, published 2007, page 221:

Pimpernel (poor man's weather glass) was also a protection, but as the gatherer collected the herbs, he must chant a certain incantation and continue to do so twice a day for 15 days[.]

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 272:

Anagallis arvensis
Anagallis arvensis#Translingual

Any of various plants of the genus Anagallis, having small red, white or purple flowers, especially the scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis).

Sanguisorba spp.
Great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis)

Sanguisorba minor
Sanguisorba minor#Translingual

Sanguisorba spp.
Salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor).


off like a bride's nightie

en-adj

off like a bride's nightie (not comparable)

A reference to the supposed eagerness of just-married couples to have sexual intercourse on the night of their wedding. Australian from 1960.

(Australia, slang, simile) Making a rapid departure; away.

(Australia, horse racing) Moving quickly and resolutely.

Making a rapid departure; away.
Moving quickly and resolutely.


sakura

Borrowed from Japanese 桜(さくら) (sakura, “cherry tree”).

In his hand, he holds a sakura. He plans to give it to his daughter, marking a milestone in her life and protection for the future.

2022, Rajah E. Smart, Felicia M. Banks, The Sakura Cloud, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN:

cherry blossom (blossom of the Japanese cherry tree)

سَاكُورَا

blossom of the Japanese cherry tree — see also cherry blossom


ganna

en-noun

ganna (usually uncountable, plural gannas)

(South Africa) A plant formerly used to provide alkaline ashes for soap-making, Salsola aphylla.


guarriboom

From Khwe gwarri (whence also Zulu umgwali) + Afrikaans boom, from Dutch boom (“tree”).

(South Africa) A shrub, Euclea divinorum; its fruit can be fermented to produce vinegar.


glair

glair (countable and uncountable, plural glairs)

From Middle English glaire, from Old French glaire, from Vulgar Latin *clāria, a substantive use of Latin clārus (“clear”).

If you beat an egg white until a froth forms on the surface, the clear liquid below the froth is glair.

2021, Hana Videen, The Wordhord, Profile Books, published 2022, page 65:

Egg white, especially as used in various industrial preparations.


malic

(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to malic acid or its derivatives.


mavrodaphne

mavrodaphne (usually uncountable, plural mavrodaphnes)

From Greek μαυροδάφνη (mavrodáfni), from Medieval Greek μαῦρος (maûros, “dark”) + δάφνη (dáphnē, “laurel”) (see also Daphne).

He^([Gustav Clauss]) established vineyards in the area, using local grapes, especially the “black grape of Dafne,” mavrodaphne. He created the sweet style of mavrodaphne known today.

2012, Joel Butler, Randall Heskett, Divine Vintage: Following the Wine Trail from Genesis to the Modern Age, page 223:

A variety of grape native to Achaea, northern Peloponnese, Greece, from which the wine is made.


cayenne pepper

cayenne pepper (countable and uncountable, plural cayenne peppers)

From Old Tupi ky'ynha (“hot pepper”), later associated with Cayenne.

A powder condiment or spice formed from the dried chilli pepper varieties above.


capsicum

Borrowed from New Latin capsicum, from Ancient Greek καψικός (kapsikós, “like a box”), from Latin capsa (“box”).

der

Capsicum frutescens
Capsicum frutescens#Translingual

Any of several tropical American plants, of the genus Capsicum, principally the species Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens, that are cultivated as edible peppers.

نَبَات فُلْفُل

plant of the genus Capsicum (only terms covering capsicum in general apply, NOT species-specific)


jockey

The word is by origin a diminutive of jock, the Northern English or Scots colloquial equivalent of the first name John, which is also used generically for "boy" or "fellow" (compare Jack, Dick), at least since 1529. A familiar instance of the use of the word as a name is in "Jockey of Norfolk" in Shakespeare's Richard III. v. 3, 304. Equivalent to jock + -ey.
In the 16th and 17th centuries the word was applied to horse-dealers, postilions, itinerant minstrels and vagabonds, and thus frequently bore the meaning of a cunning trickster, a "sharp", whence the verb to jockey, "to outwit" or "to do" a person out of something. The current meaning of a person who rides a horse in races was first seen in 1670.

And the crime for which Nuncomar was about to die was regarded by them in much the same light in which the selling of an unsound horse, for a sound price, is regarded by a Yorkshire jockey.

1841, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Warren Hastings:

(dated) A dealer in horses; a horse trader.

(dated) A cheat; one given to sharp practice in trade.


jockey

en-verb

jockey (third-person singular simple present jockeys, present participle jockeying, simple past and past participle jockeyed)

jockeys (present singular third-person)
jockeying (participle present)
jockeyed (participle past)
jockeyed (past)

They were jockeying for position toward the end of the race.


cocus wood

The wood from the tree, used for making flutes and other musical instruments


sour grapes

From Aesop's fable The Fox and the Grapes, in which a fox, unable to reach grapes it is seeking, convinces itself that they must have been unripe (therefore, sour) all along and so not worth trying for in the first place.

I think his comments about that new car are just sour grapes because he can't afford it.

Despite the egos of individual scientists, the jealousies and the sour grapes, science had worked pretty much the way it was supposed to.

2010, Naomi Oreskes, Erik M. Conway, chapter 2, in Merchants of Doubt:

His absence was a grievous setback for Liverpool, who had looked the more dangerous team until that point, and it would not be sour grapes for the losers to think that was the moment the game started to swing away from them.

2018 May 26, Daniel Taylor, “Liverpool go through after Mohamed Salah stops Manchester City fightback”, in The Guardian (London):

(idiomatic) A putting down or expression of disdain about something that one desires but cannot have.

sure rønnebær

expression of disdain for something one cannot have


equestrienne

Were she but the daring equestrienne jumping through the flaming hoops, little it would matter to her if her gauzy skirts did catch.

1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 185:


dasheen

From a language of the West Indies. Probably from Antillean Creole dachine or another French creole, from French (chou) de Chine (literally “(cabbage) of China”), as the species originated in China.

der

He say tell your people [...] to boil more banana, and roast more yam, fry more potato and dig up more dasheen.

2014, Marlon James, A Brief History of Seven Killings, Oneworld Publications (2015), page 151:

Old cocoyam; the edible starchy yellow tuber of the taro plant.


stum

en-noun

stum (countable and uncountable, plural stums)

From Dutch stom (“unfermented”, literally “mute; dull”). Compare French vin muet, German stummer Wein. Doublet of shtum.

bor

Drink ev'ry letter on't in stum,
And make it brisk champaign become.

1664, Samuel Butler, Hudibras; with notes by T. R. Nash, volume 1, published 1835, Part II, Canto 1, page 265:

To each hogshead of genuine Bordeaux wine, there are four gallons of Benicarlo, half a gallon of stum wine, and a small quantity of Hermitage added, which mixture undergoes a slight fermentation, and is then exported under the name of claret.

1859, The family manual and servants' guide, 9th edition:

But stum wine was not intended for drinking.

1987, André Bustanoby, The Wrath of Grapes: Drinking and the Church Divided, →ISBN, page 36:

(obsolete) Wine revived by new fermentation, resulting from the admixture of must.


hippodrome

/ˈhɪpəˌdɹəʊm/

Borrowed from French hippodrome, from Latin hippodromos, from Ancient Greek ἱππόδρομος (hippódromos), from ἵππος (híppos, “horse”) + δρόμος (drómos, “course”). By surface analysis, hippo- + -drome.


basil balm

A perennial herb, Monarda clinopodia, found in eastern North America, which has aromatic foliage and white- or yellowish- pink flowers.


plum brandy

en-noun

plum brandy (usually uncountable, plural plum brandies)

A distilled alcoholic drink made with plums.


serviceberry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-serviceberry.wav

Compound of service (“sorb tree”) + berry. (The first part is from Latin sorbus, not English service (“assistance”).)

com+

Sorbus domestica
Sorbus domestica#Translingual

Sorbus torminalis
Sorbus torminalis#Translingual

(Europe) Several species of trees in the genus Sorbus, especially Sorbus domestica and Sorbus torminalis.

(Canada, US) Any plant of the genus Amelanchier of small deciduous trees and large shrubs in the family Rosaceae.


frijol

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual

Any cultivated bean of the genus Phaseolus, especially the black seed of a variety of Phaseolus vulgaris.


sagebrush

/ˈseɪd͡ʒˌbɹʌʃ/

From sage + brush, from resemblance in odor and appearance to Salvia officinalis.

Any of several North American aromatic shrubs of the genus Artemisia, having silvery-grey, green leaves.


zinfandel

en-noun

zinfandel (countable and uncountable, plural zinfandels)

Unknown origin; wine sense used from 1896, grape sense from 1880. Possibly a transmission of German Zierfandler, a different wine grape, through a Hungarian intermediary such as czirifandli (now Cirfandli).

A small black grape from which zinfandel wine is made.


yearling

From Middle English yerling, yerlyng, equivalent to year + -ling. Cognate with Dutch jaarling (“yearling”), German Jährling (“yearling”).

"But is a plebe forbidden to stroll here?"
"If a plebe did have the brass to try it," replied Anstey slowly, "I reckon he would have to fight the whole yearling class in turn."

1910, H. Irving Hancock, Dick Prescott's Second Year at West Point, page 84:

As a yearling, he admitted to doing his part in ensuring that plebes knew their place at the Academy, […]

2014, Michael E. Haskew, West Point 1915 (page 57)

(US) A sophomore at West Point military academy.


silverbeet

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-silverbeet.wav

From silver + beet (from the colour of the leaf stalks).

[H]e had, not long after their angry struggle, stationed her (with geographic cunning) to set out some silver-beet in a patch he had dug just below the window of the bigger shack.

1979, Thea Astley, Hunting the Wild Pineapple, Nelson, page 132:

(Australia, New Zealand) The vegetable Beta vulgaris cicla; chard.


sunchoke

Jerusalem artichoke
Jerusalem artichoke#English

(chiefly US) Synonym of Jerusalem artichoke


Jerusalem artichoke

Jerusalem artichoke (plural Jerusalem artichokes)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Jerusalem artichoke.wav

Uncertain, possible corruption of Italian articiocco girasole (“sunflower artichoke”), with girasole mistaken for the word Jerusalem.

der

Helianthus tuberosus
Helianthus tuberosus#Translingual

A variety of sunflower, Helianthus tuberosus, native to North America, having yellow flower heads and edible tubers.


tansy

en-noun

tansy (countable and uncountable, plural tansies)

Benedict (bishop of Milan)
de:Poematium Medicum
tansy

From Old French tanesie, tanoisie, tanasie, tanaisie, from Medieval Latin tanacetum, atanacetum, attested since the 8th century, of obscure origin, speculated from Ancient Greek ἀθανασία (athanasía, “immortality”) owing to hallucinations from the thujone in the plant, else from taenia (“tapeworm”) due to its primary use against parasites by which reason it is called in Arabic حَشِيشَة الدُود (ḥašīša ad-dūd, literally “worm herb”), otherwise a Berber borrowing like tagetes.

unk

obscure

noncog

حَشِيشَة الدُود

I had a pretty dinner for them; viz., a brace of stewed carps, six roasted chickens, and a jowle of salmon, hot, for the first course; a tanzy and two neats' tongues, and cheese the second; and were very merry all the afternoon, talking and singing and piping upon the flageolette.

(uncountable, obsolete) A dish common in the seventeenth century, made of eggs, sugar, rose water, cream, and the juice of herbs (including tansy), baked with butter in a shallow dish. "Originally flavoured with tansy, but by Pepys's time generally having spinach as its predominant flavouring."


bull ring

(US, horse racing) An unusually short track, typically six furlongs or less for one lap.


persimmon

From Powhatan pichamins, pushemins, pasimenan (“dried fruit”), from the same Proto-Algonquian root *-imin (“fruit, berry”) as Unami ximin.

Diospyros kaki
Diospyros kaki#Translingual

The tree this fruit grows on, generally one of two species of ebony: Diospyros kaki (Asian) or Diospyros virginiana (North American).


star fruit

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-star fruit.wav

Averrhoa carambola
Averrhoa carambola#Translingual

The fruit of the carambola tree, Averrhoa carambola.


mickey

* (potato): From the common Irish name; compare murphy (“a potato”).
* (computer mouse resolution): An allusion to the cartoon character Mickey Mouse.

(Australia, informal) A well-known honeyeater, the Noisy Miner, Manorina melanocephala, of eastern Australia.


Golden Delicious

en-noun

Golden Delicious (plural Golden Deliciouses)

Now this is quality produce, and you know what they say – you’ll never get tired of a good old Granny Smith, no matter how many of those horrible Golden Deliciouses you get rammed down your throat.

1998 November, “Fanzine Farm”, in James Ashton, editor, N64 Magazine, number 21, Bath: Future Publishing Ltd, →ISSN, page 18:

Sure, they’re just adding animal hormones to fruit at parties on the weekend right now, but soon, they’ll be adjusting some apple DNA every night, staying out late and hanging out with seedy (unintentional but highly awesome pun!) characters. They’ll ignore their responsibilities, turn on their families, and resort to a life of crime to support this filthy habit.. And where does that leave us, your average student apple aficionados? Eating cow-infused Golden Deliciouses, that’s where.

2009 September 15, Stacey McLachlan, “Secret Meat”, in D’Arcy Bresson, editor, The Lance, volume 82, number 6, Windsor, Ont.: University of Windsor, page 14:

The committee certainly spent a morning in an orchard, and there was a nice young apple-farmer with a beard who knew his Granny Smiths from his Golden Deliciouses.

2016, Sarah Winterton, “The Awkward Squad in Their Pomp”, in The Wintertons Unmuzzled: The Life & Times of Nick & Ann Winterton, Two Westminster Mavericks, London: Biteback Publishing, →ISBN, page 232:

A variety of apple which is pale yellow/green in color, and has a mild sweet flavour


argan

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-argan.wav

When pressed, the argan tree’s fruit produces a luxurious oil which is rich in fatty acids, omega-6 and vitamin E. Argan is said to help treat many skin and hair conditions.

2016 June 7, Celeste Hicks, “'Free, local and special': argan oil co-ops booming in Morocco”, in The Guardian:

A tree of species Sideroxylon spinosum (formerly Argania spinosa), of southwestern Morocco, particularly prized for its oil.


gooranut

Uncertain. Compare Hausa gōr̃ò, Bambara goro, Mandinka guro (“kola nut”).


African cherry orange

African cherry orange (plural African cherry oranges)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-African cherry orange.wav

A small tree or shrub of species Citropsis articulata, bearing a small citrus fruit about three inches in diameter, native to Africa.


Buddha's hand

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Buddha's hand.wav

Citrus medica var. sarcodactylus, a fragrant variant of citron whose fruit is segmented into finger-like sections.


oroblanco

/ˌɔːɹoʊˈblɑːŋkoʊ/

From Spanish oro + blanco literally "white gold".

A hybrid fruit developed by crossing a pomelo and a white grapefruit. When fully developed, it is approximately the size of a grapefruit.


pomelo

→ French: pomélo, pomelo

→ German: Pomelo

→ Italian: pomelo

→ Polish: pomelo

→ Portuguese: pomelo

→ Spanish: pomelo

Of uncertain etymology, though possibly a variant of earlier pampelmoes, from French, Dutch, Portuguese sources ultimately equivalent to "thick lemon" or transcribing the Tamil பம்ப ளிமாசு (pampa ḷimācu, “big citrus”). Alternatively, possibly from pome (“apple”) + melon or some cognate; though such a compound is currently unattested, some early variant spellings seem to show influence from pome.

Citrus maxima
Citrus maxima#Translingual

The large fruit of the Citrus maxima (syn. C. grandis), native to South Asia and Southeast Asia, with a thick green or yellow rind, a thick white pith, and semi-sweet translucent pale flesh.


olallieberry

From Chinook Jargon olallie ("berry"), probably from Lower Chinook úlali ("camas patch"), from úlal ("camas") + -i, a deictic suffix; + berry.

A hybrid berry with a tart taste created by crossing a loganberry and a youngberry.


dekopon

Borrowed from Japanese デコポン (dekopon), from でこ (凸, deko, “uneven”) + ポンカン (ponkan, “a kind of tangerine”).

A large, sweet hybrid citrus fruit, made by crossing a kiyomi and a ponkan.


boysenberry

/ˈbɔɪzn̩ˌbɛɹi/

From Boysen + berry, named after its creator Rudolph Boysen.

A hybrid berry created from crossing blackberry, red raspberry, and loganberry.


kaffir lime

Citrus hystrix
Citrus hystrix#Translingual

Citrus hystrix, a species of fragrant, small lime native to Southeast Asia, the leaves of which are used in cooking for their citrus flavor.


ashwagandha

/ˌʌʃwəˈɡʌndə/

From Sanskrit अश्वगन्ध (aśvagandha, “horse’s smell”).

bor

Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera#Translingual

Withania somnifera, a stout shrub that produces red berry-like fruit, native to India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.


bison grass

Hierochloe odorata
Hierochloe odorata#Translingual

Anthoxanthum nitens
Anthoxanthum nitens#Translingual

Hierochloe odorata (syn. Anthoxanthum nitens), an aromatic herb native to North America and Eurasia, so called principally when used to flavor a Polish vodka.


snuff

en-noun

snuff (countable and uncountable, plural snuffs)

Late Middle English, from Middle Dutch snuffen (“to snuff, sniff, snuffle”).
Related to Dutch snuiven (“to sniff”), Middle Low German snûve (“pose, head-cold”), German Schnupfen (“head-cold”). The noun is probably from Dutch snuf (“snuff”), an abbreviation of snuftabak, snuiftabak (“snuff”). Related to sniff (compare Dutch snuffen (“snuff”), German schnupf (“snuff”), French schnouff (“junk”)).

cog

en:tobacco product for sniffing or snorting

Finely ground or pulverized tobacco intended for use by being sniffed or snorted into the nose.

Dry snuffs are often adulterated with quicklime, and moist snuffs, as rappee, with ammonia, hellebore, pearl-ash, etc.

1896, Universal Dictionary of the English Language:

[…] most of the women dipped snuff and of course had a spit-cup in the house.

1937, Zora Neale Hurston, chapter 5, in Their Eyes Were Watching God, University of Illinois Press, published 1978, page 76:

Fine-ground or minced tobacco, dry or moistened, intended for use by placing a pinch behind the lip or beneath the tongue.


rodeo

/ˈɹəʊ.di.əʊ/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-rodeo.wav

From Spanish rodeo, from rodear (“to surround”), which refers to a cattle roundup.

(sports) A North American sport involving skills with horses, cows and other livestock.


arrowroot

en-noun

arrowroot (countable and uncountable, plural arrowroots)

/ˈæɹə(ʊ)ɹuːt/

From Lokono aru-aru (literally “meal of meals”), influenced by arrow + root because the plant’s “roots” (more accurately rhizomes) are used on wounds from poison darts to absorb the poison.

refn

In the Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha, in Toowong, Queensland, Australia.

der

The East India arrowroot was considered the best; and the French West India arrowroot not so good. The East India arrowroot had the finest grains; the second finest were those from the potato; and third the tous les mois or French West India arrowroot; […]

1845, Edwin Lankester, “Lecture II. Starch—Potato—Arrow-root—Tapioca—Protein—Wheat—Maize—Rice.”, in Report of Lectures on the Natural History of Plants Yielding Food; […], London: John Churchill, […], →OCLC, page 16:

Arrowroots were introduced into the area in early 1983 by an elderly citizen known as Mr. Awondo, who brought it from Central Kenya where it is planted in the moist river beds. […] Arrowroots thrive where there is enough moisture in the soil for its normal growth and development.

2018, Serena A. A. Nasongo, Charlotte de Fraiture, J. B. Okeyo-Owuor, “Trade-offs between Crop Production and Other Benefits Derived from Wetland Areas: Short-term Gain versus Long-term Livelihood Options in Ombeyi Watershed, Kenya”, in John Abbink, editor, The Environmental Crunch in Africa: Growth Narratives vs. Local Realities, Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, →DOI, →ISBN, page 68:

Maranta arundinacea
Maranta arundinacea#Translingual

(countable, uncountable) Maranta arundinacea from the Marantaceae family, a large perennial herb native to the Caribbean area with green leaves about 15 centimeters long.


freedom fries

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-freedom fries.wav

Originated at Cubbie's, a restaurant in Beaufort, North Carolina (owner Neal Rowland) in February 2003.
"It was never about politics," Rowland said of his initial decision to rename french fries "freedom fries." "It was about supporting our troops. Nothing has changed here. We still support our troops, and we still call them freedom fries."

[Q.]“Freedom fries” is a symbol of anti-French feeling. Does that sort of thing gall you?
[A.]Higonnet: […] Again, one has to distinguish between the public situation, in which a sense of hostility to things French is quite severe, and the private situation inside the university world where, when people talk about freedom fries, it's a big joke.

2003 March 22, Joseph Rosenbloom, quoting Patrice Higonnet, “Europeans in America: Freedom fries and raw nerves”, in International Herald Tribune:

Upset by the failure of the French government to support the war, however, the chairman of the House Administration Committee announced on March 11 that he had ordered “French toast” and “French fries” stricken from the menu of the House cafeteria. In their place would be “freedom toast” and “freedom fries.”

2006, Andrew Rudalevige, The New Imperial Presidency, page 3:

French Toast Egg Bagels Served as French Toast
Freedom Fries
Irish Nachos Freedom Fries, Bacon Bits, Chedder^([sic]) & Jack Cheese

2013 June 24, Dave Lieberman, quoting the menu of Bagel Me! restaurant, “Restaurant in Villa Park Still Sells “Freedom” Fries, But Doesn't Have a Problem with “French” Toast”, in OC Weekly:

Republican House members then ordered that “French fries” on the menus of all congressional restaurants be renamed “Freedom fries.” In response, a French Embassy spokesperson noted that fries had originated in Belgium.

2021 September 17, Karen DeYoung, “France recalls its ambassadors to the United States and Australia over submarine dispute”, in Washington Post:

(rare, US politics, sometimes humorous) French fries.


Brussels sprout

en-noun

Brussels sprout (plural Brussels sprouts)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Brussels sprout.wav

Recorded since 1748. Named after Brussels, where they were cultivated in the current form perhaps as early as the 13th c. Sprout is from Old English -sprutan (in asprutan (“to sprout”); cognate with Old Saxon sprutan, Old Frisian spruta, Middle Dutch spruten, modern Dutch spruit (“sprout; Brussels sprout”), Old High German spriozan, German sprießen (“to sprout”), from Proto-Germanic *spreutaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sper- (“to strew”).

cog

Brussels sprouts reach a length of 4 centimeters and resemble clusters of miniature cabbages.

(chiefly in the plural) The green vegetable Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera, a cabbage variety native to Belgium.


rapini

From Italian rapini, diminutive of rapo, variant of rapa (“turnip”).

Bitter and salty foods often go very well together and here the slight bitterness of rapini (also known as broccoli rabe) complements the savoriness of pork sausage. Use either the homemade sausage on page 163 or a plain pork […]

2012, Giuliano Hazan, Giuliano Hazan's Thirty Minute Pasta: 100 Quick and Easy Recipes, Open Road Media, →ISBN:

Brassica rapa subsp. ruvo
Brassica rapa#Translingual

A vegetable native to China, Brassica rapa subsp. ruvo, with green spiky leaves and a bitter taste.


kailan

Borrowed from Cantonese 芥蘭／芥兰 (gaai3 laan4-2).

Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra

Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra, a long, blue-green vegetable with thick, glossy stems and leaves typically eaten in Chinese and particularly Cantonese cooking.


celtuce

en-noun

celtuce (countable and uncountable, plural celtuces)

A cultivar of lettuce harvested primarily for its 15- to 20-centimeter stem.


Otaheite apple

Spondias dulcis
Spondias dulcis#Translingual

The tree that bears this fruit, Spondias dulcis (syn. S. cytherea)


syboe

(Scotland) A spring onion or green onion.


double bridle

(equestrianism) A Weymouth bridle, which uses both a bradoon, held by a sliphead, and a curb bit, and is used with two reins.


curb bit

(equestrianism) A type of bit used on a bridle, which works by leverage and has shanks and a curb chain.


lovestone

From love + stone, in reference to the way that ivy grows over and clings to stone walls, etc.


sanicle

Any of several plants, of the genus Sanicula, having palmate compound leaves and small flowers arranged in umbels; the snakeroot.


lotus

Unadapted borrowing from Latin lōtus, from Ancient Greek λωτός (lōtós). Doublet of lote. First attested in the 1540s

A water lily, genus Nymphaea, especially those of Egypt or India.

A legendary plant eaten by the Lotophagi of the Odyssey that caused drowsiness and euphoria.

Diospyros lotus
Diospyros lotus#Translingual

A number of other plants bearing lotus in their scientific or common names (see Derived terms below).

Diospyros lotus, date plum or Caucasian persimmon.

Lotus, a terrestrial genus with small flowers that includes bird's-foot trefoils and deervetches.

Ziziphus lotus
Ziziphus lotus#Translingual

Ziziphus lotus, a shrub species with edible fruit.

Since the '60s ended abruptly on January 1, 1970, everyone, protestors, police and all, fell to the ground in a full lotus.

1979, Charlie King (lyrics and music), “Vaguely Reminiscent of the Sixties (The Story)”:


papaya

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-papaya.wav

Borrowed from Spanish papaya, from Lokono papáia.

but strictly speaking this refers to a different tree

Carica papaya
Carica papaya#Translingual

A tropical American evergreen tree, Carica papaya, having large, yellow, edible fruit.


pawpaw

Via Portuguese and Spanish papaya (which is botanically unrelated) from Kari'na kapaja; the reason for the change in spelling is unknown.
Via Yuchi pahpah

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Any of several types of trees having edible fruit:

Mountain pawpaw (Vasconcellea pubescens), a fruit tree native to South America.


lemongrass

lemongrass (usually uncountable, plural lemongrasses)

(colloquial, US) Sourgrass, Oxalis pes-caprae.


marionberry

Named for Marion County, Oregon, where it was developed, + berry.

A member of the blackberry family, a cross between the Chehalem berry and olallieberry blackberries.


buffaloberry

Any of several shrubs, of the genus Shepherdia, native to North America.


pull up

en-verb

pull up (third-person singular simple present pulls up, present participle pulling up, simple past and past participle pulled up)

pulls up (present singular third-person)
pulling up (participle present)
pulled up (participle past)
pulled up (past)

In this May 20, 2006, Barbaro is steadied[sic, "by" is missing] a track worker as jockey Edgar Prado looks on after he pulled up the horse with a fractured right rear leg during the 131st running of the Preakness Stakes horse race at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore.

2016 May 19, Paul Vigna, “Barbaro's ill-fated run 10 years ago in the Preakness: A look back”, in PennLive:

(transitive, horse racing) To intentionally take a racehorse out of a race, usually as a result of the horse's tiredness or concerns of potential injury (in reference to the act of pulling up the reins).


new potato

A potato harvested before fully developed for its tender, less starchy texture and more delicate flavor.


Good King Henry

1640; alteration (influenced by the name of Henry VII (1457–1509), King of England) of Good-Henry (1578), from the name Henry.

Blitum bonus-henricus
Blitum bonus-henricus#Translingual

A goosefoot of species Blitum bonus-henricus (syn. Chenopodium bonus-henricus), native to Britain and much of Europe, cultivated as a vegetable.


Ichang lemon

A slow-growing citrus plant hybrid (Citrus cavaleriei × Citrus maxima), noted for its unusual hardiness, native to East Asia.


shoo-in

From a sense of the verb shoo, where racehorses would fall back and allow a chosen rider to win a fixed race. See 1910 quotation.

Little Pete was a member of the delegation that were in on the "shoo" in the third race. He had several commissioners placing his coin on Model. If the race was to have been a "shoo-in" for Model, there must have been one or two owners that were not in on the deal.

1895, “Pointers from the Paddock”, in The San Francisco Call:

Most of the "regulars" are deeply suspicious of all steeplechase races of late years, and, whenever the favorite falls at one of the obstacles and a long priced leaper wins the race, they loudly call the race a "shoo-in" (a fixed affair, that is, in which the steeplechase racers have arranged to drop to the rear of the "meant" jumper and "shoo" him to the wire, they previously, of course, having got their money down on the horse thus generously treated).

1910, “Vernacular of the Race Track”, in New-York Tribune:

[it was] wondered whether Chris Chenery's Virginia flyer would be a shoo-in for the Belmont Stakes […]

(horse racing) The winner of a fixed race, a fixed race.


take the field

take the field (third-person singular simple present takes the field, present participle taking the field, simple past took the field, past participle taken the field)

takes the field (present singular third-person)
taking the field (participle present)
took the field (past)
taken the field (participle past)

(horse racing) To stake one's money against the favourite, taking the chances of the field against the chance of one horse.


moly

en-noun

moly (countable and uncountable, plural molies)

From Latin mōly, from Ancient Greek μῶλυ (môlu) (probably a loanword).

Any plant associated with the mythological moly, especially the European allium, Allium moly.


racehorse

They were bosker horses. Until I went to work for Bill I didn't know how good racehorses are.

1946, Frank Sargeson, That Summer, and Other Stories, page 31:

Long before you see the lean, handsome heads peering mildly over the half-doors of the loose boxes, you know that East Ilsley's business is training racehorses.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 164:

Picture yourself betting on a racehorse, seeing the animal take the lead, and then watching the horse suddenly stop because it pulled a muscle not properly warmed up by its trainers. You’d get pretty heated under the collar, and that’s not the kind of warm-up that’s very beneficial. Horseflesh and humanflesh alike need to be warmed up before strenuous activity.

1984, Steven Adcock, “[Breathing and Form, Warm-up, and Freebody Exercises] Warm-up”, in Steve Adcock’s Partner Workout: A Two-Person Exercise System that Provides Aerobic Benefits, Strength Building, and Flexibility Techniques Without the Need for a Gym or a Single Piece of Equipment, New York, N.Y.: M. Evans and Company, Inc., →ISBN, page 27:

Clearly, it’s that Secretariat is overrated. OK, exhale. I’m not trolling you. I’m just being extremely nitty about the marginal shades of “really, really great.” By “overrated,” I certainly don’t mean to imply that Secretariat isn’t the best 3-year-old American racehorse in history – he is.

2015 June 12, Benjamin Morris, “Where Have You Gone, Secretariat?”, in FiveThirtyEight, archived from the original on 2016-12-20:


galingale

galingale (countable and uncountable, plural galingales)

/ˈɡælɪŋɡeɪl/

From Middle English galingale, from Old French galingal, from Arabic خَلَنْجَان (ḵalanjān), from Persian قولنجان (qulenjân, qulanjân), from Sanskrit कुलञ्जन (kulañjana), perhaps from Chinese 高良薑／高良姜 (gāoliángjiāng), from 高涼 /高凉 (Gāoliáng) (a prefecture or county in China) + 薑 /姜 (jiāng, “ginger”).

One of several species of Cyperus sedges with aromatic rhizomes.


driftwood

driftwood (usually uncountable, plural driftwoods)

Every wave on the Atlantic was like a dead seagull dragging its driftwood artillery from horizon to horizon.

1967, Richard Brautigan, Trout Fishing in America:

A floating piece, or pieces, of wood that drifts with the current of a body of water.


hing

(India) Asafoetida, especially when used as a seasoning.


mikan

From Japanese 蜜柑 (ミカン, mikan), short for 温州蜜柑 (うんしゅうミカン, Unshū mikan, literally “honey citrus of Wēnzhōu”).

Citrus unshiu
Citrus unshiu#Translingual

An orange seedless citrus fruit Citrus unshiu, originating from Japan, about the size of a tangerine.


pace egg

A hard-boiled coloured egg traditionally made at Easter, often given to relatives and friends as a token of goodwill. It was traditional to jarp with the eggs before eating them.

County Durham website dedicated to preservation of dialect terms


jarp

Borrowed from Scots jaup (“(noun) dash or splash of mud, water, etc.; broken piece, fragment; light blow, slap; (verb) of water: to dash; to splash; to cause a splash by striking the surface of or throwing water; to bespatter or splash (mud, water, etc.); (obsolete) to knock about, manhandle”), perhaps from jalp, jilp (“to spill, splash, squirt”), probably originally imitative of a splash.

bor

Making these Easter or anytime decorated hard-boiled eggs is a tradition in northern England where they are known as paste eggs (or pace eggs as they are called in other areas). They are used in jarping competitions, in which each child holds an egg pointy end up and tries to crack their opponent's egg with one jarp, without breaking their own. Then everyone eats the eggs.

2017, Linda Tubby, “Flower-power Paste Eggs”, in Cracked: Creative and Easy Ways to Cook with Eggs, London: Kyle Books, →ISBN:

(Cumbria, Ireland, Northumberland, Yorkshire, games) The act of knocking one's pace egg (“a coloured hard-boiled egg traditionally made at Easter”) against that of an opponent, with the aim of cracking the other's egg and leaving one's own intact, an Easter custom in many countries.

pääsiäismunien yhteen napautus

act of knocking one’s pace egg against that of an opponent, with the aim of cracking the other's egg and leaving one’s own intact, an Easter custom in many countries


ume

Japanese apricot, a species of Asian plum, Prunus mume.


pysanka

Borrowed from Ukrainian пи́санка (pýsanka), from писа́ти (pysáty, “to write”), referring to writing on an egg with a stylus in a wax-resist dyeing process, from Proto-Slavic *pьsati, related to *pьstrъ (“feathered”), + feminine ending -ка (-ka).

A hand-decorated Ukrainian Easter egg with intricate designs.

пі́санка

Easter egg decorated with intricate designs


quinella

From American Spanish quiniela (“sporting bet or pool”); US from 1942.

1954, Michigan Department of State Compilation Commission, 1954 Michigan Administrative Code, page 38,
All tickets on the quinella will be calculated in an entirely separate pool.

A few tracks offer exactas and quinallas on the same races.

1989, Charles S. Romanelli, How to Make Money in One Day at the Track, page 166:

The track quinella paid $38.00 for a $2 wager, the track exacta paid $70.60 for a $2 wager.

2004, Jim Kilby, Jim Fox, Anthony F. Lucas, Casino Operations Management, page 355:

(gambling, horse racing) A form of bet in which the bettor predicts the first two finishers in a race, without concern for the order of finishing.


drawmaster

(horse racing) The person who determines the post positions for races.


horsemanship

en-noun

horsemanship (usually uncountable, plural horsemanships)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-horsemanship.wav

The retired cowboy showed off his horsemanship by doing tricks in the saddle.

The skill of horseriding, and sometimes of training and managing horses.


cashew

Reanalysis of French acajou as a + cajou, from Old Tupi akaîu. Doublet of acajou.

wild cashew

Anacardium excelsum or Anacardium giganteum

Soft-wood grafting and veneer grafting are successful in cashew.

2002, P. K. Ray, Breeding Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, page 221:

Also known as the Native Cashew, it is a member of the Anacardiaceae, the same plant family to which the Cashew and Mango trees belong.

2005, Roger Martin, Tree-Kangaroos of Australia and New Guinea, page 106:

Cashew (Anacardium occidental L.) is an export-oriented crop grown for its nuts, a true drupe.

2007, Alice Kurian, K. V. Peter (series editor), Commercial Crops Technology (Horticulture Science; 8), page 63:

Anacardium occidentale
Anacardium occidentale#Translingual

A tree, Anacardium occidentale, native to northeastern Brazil, now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew nuts and cashew apples.


cashew nut

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cashew nut.wav

Cashew nut is made up of a fruit in which the kernel is embedded. The real fruit of the cashew is commonly a nut. It is a kidney- or heart-shaped achene, in any normal variety.

2015, Encyclopedia of Food and Health, Academic Press, →ISBN, page 683:

The seed of the cashew tree, often viewed as a nut in the culinary sense.


cashew apple

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cashew apple.wav

The cashew apple is really the swollen flower stalk to which the nut is attached.[…]Generally, not more than two or three cashew apples are eaten at a time because the apple is fibrous and has an astringent and acrid taste due to the presence of tannins and substances of a phenolic nature which will irritate the throat. That is why the bulk of cashew apples in this country is wasted.

1995, “Appendix III: Cashew Apple Preparations”, in Regional Meeting on Cashew Research and Development, page 44:

2000, L. R. Verma, V. K. Joshi (editors), Postharvest Technology of Fruits and Vegetables, Volume 1: General Concepts and Principles, page 1091,
In Brazil, cashew apple wine is prepared and marketed on a commercial scale, but its sale is declining. Another fascinating product is bottled cashew-apple-in-sugarcane brandy.

2008, Anacardiaceae, entry in Jules Janick, Robert E. Paull (editors), The Encyclopedia of Fruit & Nuts, page 9,
In Brazil, the cashew apple is sold fresh and the juice is widely available. […] In 16th-century Brazil, cashew apples and their juice were taken by Europeans to treat fever, to sweeten breath and to 'conserve the stomach'.

An ovoid to pear-shaped accessory fruit or false fruit that develops from the receptacle of the cashew flower (the true fruit being the cashew nut).


zinziberaceous

Belonging to or resembling the ginger family, the Zingiberaceae.


chilihead

(slang) Someone who enjoys eating chili peppers or chili con carne.


greengage

/ˈɡɹiːnɡeɪd͡ʒ/

By surface analysis, green + gage.
alternative etymology
The legend goes that Sir William Gage, 2nd Baronet of Hengrave, (c. 1656–1727), had a shipment of plums from France, in which the labels of the reine-claude got lost, by which reason his gardener called it after his master. Horticulturist Peter Collinson reports in his notes edited by L. W. Dillwyn in 1843, page 60: I was on a visit to Sir William Gage, at Hengrave, near Bury; he was then near 70; he told me that he first brought over, from France, the Grosse reine Claude, and introduced it into England, and in compliment to him the Plum was called the Green Gage; this was about the year 1725. Contrary to the common story however here the French name is known to the baronet, and it could consequentially completely be a running joke, in that he exploited a coincidental likeness of his name to a plant name to become part of history. An older term denoting the very same plum cultivar, which ultimately derives from the Near East, via the Sublime Porte under Kanuni Süleyman, is found in Persian گوجه سبز (gowje sabz)

named-after

The apricot rarely produces any fruit, except in a few places, and then very scantily. The greengage plum is nearly equally unproductive.

1834, John Forbes, “Sketch of the Medical Topography of the Hundred of Penwith”, in Transactions of the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association, volume 2, page 66:

Just where the horse trams trundled across the market was a row of fruit stalls, with fruit blazing in the sun—apples and piles of reddish oranges, small greengage plums and bananas.

1913, D. H. Lawrence, chapter 5, in Sons and Lovers:

A plum cultivar with greenish-yellow flesh and skin, Prunus domestica subsp. italica var. claudiana.

Hengrave
Peter Collinson (botanist)
Rokewode-Gage baronets
Sublime Porte
Suleiman the Magnificent

جَانَرِك

a plum with greenish-yellow flesh and skin


kenning

From Middle English kenning, kening (“instruction, teaching; experience, knowledge; sight, view”), from kennen (“to make known, point out, reveal; to direct, instruct, teach; to know, perceive”) + -ing. Kennen is derived from Old English cennan (“to make known, declare”), from Proto-West Germanic *kannijan, from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną (“to make known”), the causative form of *kunnaną (“to know, be familiar with, recognize; to be able to, know how”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).
Compare Danish kending (“acquaintance”), and see further at ken. By surface analysis, ken + -ing.

inh

Scylley is a Kenning, that is to ſay about an xx. Miles from the very Weſteſte Point of Cornewaulle.

1711, John Leland, edited by Thomas Hearne, The Itinerary of John Leland the Antiquary. … Publish’d from the Original MS. in the Bodleian Library by Thomas Hearne M.A. To which is Added Antoninus’s Itinerary through Britain, with Various Readings and Dʳ. Robert Talbot’s Annotations upon It, volume III, Oxford: Printed at the Theater for the publisher, →OCLC, page 7:

The obſcure text, of which the light is only to be ſeen by groping our way through "antres vaſt," and at times through "deſarts idle" of earth beneath, is frequently ſo highly elevated in the page, that it is barely entitled to [John] Milton's appellation of darkneſs viſible; and now and then it ſoars even above this, mounting (to uſe an old phraſe,) beyond a kenning.

1793 September, “Art. XII. The Plays and Poems of William Shakspeare; Collated Verbatim with the Most Authentic Copies, and Revised: [...] By Edmund Malone. Crown 8vo. 10 Vols. about 600 Pages in each. The First Volume Divided into Two. 3l. 17s. Boards. Cadell, &c. 1790. [book review]”, in The Monthly Review; or, Literary Journal, Enlarged, volume XII, London: Printed for R[alph] Griffiths; and sold by T[homas] Becket, in Pall Mall, published 1794, →OCLC, footnote, page 56:

If a person hires a ship and loads her or not entirely, and wishes to unload her, before she sets sail, he shall pay half the ship’s freight. But if the ship has sailed a kenning’s way seawards, he shall pay the shipmaster his full freight. [Footnote: kenning […] This phrase is applied in the Rutter of the Sea to signify the distance from one headland to another in sight. Vol. I., p. 115.]

1876, “Jus Maritimum Lubecense, in Usus Osterlingorum Descriptum, Anno 1299 = Code of Maritime Law, Drawn Up at Lubeck for the Use of the Osterlings, A.D. 1299”, in Travers Twiss, editor, Momenta Juridica. The Black Book of the Admiralty. Appendix.—Part IV. [...] Published by the Authority of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury, under the Direction of the Master of the Rolls (Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores, or Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland during the Middle Ages), volume IV, London: Longman & Co., Paternoster Row; Trübner & Co., Ludgate Hill; …, →OCLC, paragraph XVIII, page 369:

(obsolete) The range or extent of vision, especially at sea; (by extension) a marine measure of approximately twenty miles.


kenning

From ken (“to beget, bring forth”), from Middle English kennen (“to beget, conceive (offspring); to give birth to”), from Old English cennan, gecennan (“to beget (offspring); to give birth to; to bring forth, produce”); see further at etymology 1.

The ſtreine or kenning of the egge.

1585, “Oui vmbilicus”, in Iohn Higins, transl., The Nomenclator, or Remembrancer of Adrianus Iunius, London: Ralph Newberie and Henrie Denham, page 54:

(zoology, obsolete, rare) A chalaza or tread of an egg (a spiral band attaching the yolk of the egg to the eggshell); a cicatricula.


kenning

A learned borrowing from Old Norse kenning, from kenna (“to know; to perceive”), from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną (“to make known”); see further at etymology 1. Compare can, keen, ken.

lbor

[A]s we are all aware, the Skalds used all sorts of kennings from Jewels, Gold, Silver, &c., to betoken Women, &c. Gold is called "The Sea's Blink (Blik)", and so on, and a female is "Gold's Mistress", "The Goddess of the Golden Jewel", and so forth.

1867–1868, George Stephens, “Bracteates”, in The Old-Northern Runic Monuments of Scandinavia and England, Now First Collected and Deciphered, volume II, London: John Russell Smith; Copenhagen: Michaelsen and Tillge; printed by H. H. Thiele, →OCLC, pages 509–510:

I venture to say that a close study of the style of Piers Plowman would thoroughly dispose of alliteration as chief factor in the kenning-process.

1887 January, Francis B. Gummere, “Wilhelm Bode: Die Kenningar in der angelsächsen Dichtung. Mit Ausblicken auf andere Litteraturen. Darmstadt und Leipzig, 1886. [Strasburg Dissertation].”, in A. Marshall Elliott, editor, Modern Language Notes, volume II, number 1, Baltimore, Md.: [Johns Hopkins Press], →ISSN, →OCLC, column 36:

If we now move to the second helmingr, Kock tries to unscramble the two kenningar[…], but this is over-zealous, since there are ample parallels for such braiding of kenning elements. Finnbogi interprets the kenning 'ǫrbeiðanda bǫðvar jǫkla' contextually, to mean 'the one who provoked the warrior into drawing his sword' (Orkneyinga saga, 202).

2006, Viking and Medieval Scandinavia, Turnhout, Antwerp, Belgium: Brepols, →OCLC, page 149:

The original also makes frequent use of the circumlocutory type of poetic expression known as the kenning, which consists (in its simplest form) of a base-word (always a noun, sometimes the second of the two elements in a compound word) accompanied by a determinant (either a noun in the genitive or, in the case of a compound-word kenning, the first of the compound's two elements).

2007, Andrew Wawn with Graham Johnson and John Walter, editors, Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth: Essays in Honour of T. A. Shippey (Making in the Middle Ages; 9), Turnhout, Antwerp, Belgium: Brepols, →ISBN, page 172:

(poetry) A metaphorical compound or phrase, used especially in Germanic poetry (Old English or Old Norse) whereby a simple thing is described in an allusive way.

kenning

metaphorical phrase used in Germanic poetry


kenning

unknown

Origin unknown

In the hall. One large table, with frame. 10s. ij cobbordes 8s. j fourme, j chaire, and j kenninge measure, 12d.

1585–1586 January 18, “LXIII. Testamentum Johannis Ogle. [63. Will of John Ogle.]”, in [William Greenwell], editor, Wills and Inventories from the Registry at Durham. Part II (The Publications of the Surtees Society; XXXVIII), Durham: Published for the Society by George Andrews, Durham; London: Whittaker and Co., 13 Ave Maria Lane; T. and W. Boone, 29 New Bond Street; Edinburgh: Blackwood and Sons, published 1860, →OCLC, page 132:

He called one day at Mr. Hepple's, of Needless Hall, in a forlorn condition, seeking his seed (a present of corn given at seed-time). […] After this conversation, Mr. Hepple served him with a kenning of oats, which was a much greater quantity than he usually gave on such occasions.

1828, chapter XXX, in E. Mackenzie, editor, compiled by James Thompson, A New, Improved, and Authentic Life of James Allan, the Celebrated Northumberland Piper; Detailing His Surprising Adventures in Various Parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, including a Complete Description of the Manners and Customs of the Gipsy Tribes. Collected from Sources of Genuine Authority, by James Thompson, with Explanatory Notes by E. Mackenzie, …, Newcastle upon Tyne: Printed and published by Mackenzie and Dent, St. Nicholas' Church-yard [...], →OCLC, page 460:

(Northern England) A dry measure equivalent to half a bushel; a container with that capacity.


mielie

en-noun

mielie (countable and uncountable, plural mielies)

From Afrikaans mielie, from Portuguese milho.

"Throughout most of the country, however, South African cuisine relies on meat and mielies. Many South Africans, black and white, would cheerfully go through their lives eating little else. Up to half the arable land in South Africa is planted with maize, which was grown by tribes across Southern African long before the colonists arrived. https://web.archive.org/web/20060720101224/http://www.southafrica.info/plan_trip/holiday/food_wine/920091.htm


dark horse

Originally an allusion to an unknown horse with a dark coat winning a race, as used in the 1831 novel The Young Duke by Benjamin Disraeli (1804–1881).

(horse racing) A horse whose capabilities are not known.


flat out

The circuit is very well endowed with corners of all sorts from hairpins to flat-outs, has a 1,540-yd. straight and measures 5.2 miles, partly on an airfield, partly through a built-up area.

1952, Motor, volume 102, number 2654, page 31:

(motor racing, horse racing) An uncambered corner of racetrack; a racetrack whose corners are uncambered.


stirrup

From Middle English stirop, stirope, from Old English stiġrāp (“stirrup”), a compound of stiġe ("ascent, descent, a going up or down"; related to stīġan (“to climb”)) and rāp (“rope”), equivalent to sty + rope.
Cognate with Dutch stegereep, stegelreep (“stirrup”), Old Saxon stigerēp (“stirrup”), Middle High German stereip, stegreif ("stirrup"; > German Stegreif (“improvisation”)), Icelandic stigreip (“stirrup”).

gloss

"ascent, descent, a going up or down"; related to <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">stīġan</i> (“to climb”)

"stirrup"; > German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Stegreif</i> (“improvisation”)

With what different feelings did he now put foot in stirrup to the last time when he sprung to horse?

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, pages 36–37:

(equestrianism) A ring or hoop suspended by a rope or strap from the saddle, for a horseman's foot while mounting or riding.


eventer

(equestrianism) The rider of a horse used in eventing.


champ at the bit

en-verb

champ at the bit (third-person singular simple present champs at the bit, present participle champing at the bit, simple past and past participle champed at the bit)

champs at the bit (present singular third-person)
champing at the bit (participle present)
champed at the bit (participle past)
champed at the bit (past)

From champ (verb) (“to chew noisily”) + bit (“part of horse's harness held in its mouth”); horses tend to chew their bits when impatient with waiting.

(intransitive, equestrianism) To bite the bit, especially when restless.


pepo

Borrowed from Latin pepō, from Ancient Greek πέπων (pépōn, “large melon”), from πέπων (pépōn, “ripe”), from πέπτω (péptō, “ripen”). Doublet of pumpion; compare pumpkin.

der

A fruit of plants of the gourd family Cucurbitaceae, possessing a hard rind and producing many seeds in a single, central, pulpy chamber.

The Papago claim that their ancient pepo would produce a mature, sweet melon if the ground were wet only once, while the "new" melons would not.

1945, George Francis Carter, Plant Geography and Culture History in the American Southwest, Issue 5 edition, page 25:


cooking apple

Coordinate term: eating apple

Any apple primarily used for making pies, crumbles or sauces: such a variety; an individual apple (instance) of such type.


eating apple

Coordinate term: cooking apple

Any apple primarily used for eating raw: such a variety; an individual apple (instance) of such type.


horses for courses

/ˈhɔɹsəz fɚ ˈkɔɹsəz/

An allusion to the fact that a racehorse performs best on a racecourse to which it is specifically suited.

Not long ago, a group of Thames-side penthouses went up for sale with giveaway Ducati motorbikes worth £13,000 apiece. […] "In many cases giveaways are horses for courses, the inducements matching the styles of properties being marketed," he [David Hollingworth of London and Country Mortgages] adds.

2003 May 14, Christopher Browne, “Bonanza time for home buyers”, in The Independent, London, archived from the original on 2017-11-21:

Far be it from me to judge what anyone else finds attractive – each to their own, horses for courses, beauty is in the eye of the beholder, and any number of similar well-meaning platitudes – but no one's going to start arguing forcefully that Mick [Hucknall]'s ever been 'classically handsome'.

2014 November 10, Helen Coffey, “What does Mick Hucknall have that other men lack?”, in The Daily Telegraph, London, archived from the original on 2015-03-11:

Emailed greeting cards and digital photos may be more acceptable now, but are not a substitute for the post on every occasion. "People will still want to pour their heart out in letter or want that special photo of a grandchild. It's horses for courses," he [Alki Manias of NetValue] said.

2002 March 13, Sarah Left, “Email beats snail mail for residential use”, in The Guardian, London, archived from the original on 2016-03-05:

However intense music becomes, there's always a limit to how far it can go. And that limit is marked out by its genre or style. […] It's an age-old rule, this insistence on "horses for courses", but in the modern era many musicians have become impatient with it. They dream of a music that knows no limits, which can do everything, all at once.

2013 January 12, Ivan Hewett, “John Zorn: Master of all styles and none”, in The Daily Telegraph, London, archived from the original on 2016-03-15:

We must note, too, the good position (third) gained by Esmond as an undeniable instance of the "horses for courses" theory, for Esmond won the Peverill of the Peek Plate on this course two years in succession—1892–3.

1894 December, Baily’s Magazine of Sports and Pastimes, volume 62, London: Baily Brothers, →OCLC, page 417:

Almost immediately he went on to press for stricter standardisation in the future, saying that "horses for courses" was a luxury B.R. could not afford and that manufacturers must expect more detailed specifications from railway engineers in the future.

1961 July, “Editorial: Sir Brian begs the questions”, in Trains Illustrated, page 385:

(chiefly British, idiomatic) Different people are suited for different jobs or situations; what is fitting in one case may not be fitting in another.

適材適所 class yojijukugo

different people are suited for different jobs or situations


scratch

en-noun

scratch (countable and uncountable, plural scratches)

From Middle English scracchen, of uncertain origin. Probably a blend of Middle English scratten (“to scratch”) and cracchen (“to scratch”). More at scrat and cratch.

There were two scratches in race 8, which reduced the field from nine horses to seven.

(horse racing) A horse withdrawn from a race prior to the start.


frittata

Borrowed from Italian frittata, from fritto (“fried”).

The classic Italian egg pie, the frittata is an attractive dish that requires no fancy rolling or split-second timing... Much of the preparation for most frittate can be done in advance[.]

1998, Mark Bittman, How to Cook Everything, page 740:

A crustless quiche: a molded omelette in which vegetables, cheese, etc., are mixed into the eggs and cooked together.


pupusa

From Spanish pupusa, from Pipil pupusawa (“swollen”).


collard greens

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-collard greens.wav

Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea#Translingual

Brassica oleracea var. acephala#Translingual

A form of Brassica oleracea, sometimes called Brassica oleracea var. acephala or Brassica oleracea var. viridis, similar to kale, that is a popular food in the rural southern United States.


grits

Southern United States
Southern United States

(Western Hemisphere) Coarsely ground hominy which is boiled and eaten, primarily in the Southern United States.


futurity

futurity (countable and uncountable, plural futurities)

/fjuːˈt͡ʃʊəɹɪti/

(horse racing) A race for two-year-old horses, nominated to run when still foals.


gruelling

/ˈɡɹu.əl.ɪŋ/

From present particle of gruel (“to exhaust, punish”), from gruel (noun).

The expenses are considerably reduced, and one or two men are prevented from carrying off nearly all the races ; for though " the spirit" may be ever so " willing," the " flesh is weak," and cannot stand more than five or six gruellings in a single day.

1869, John William Carleton, The Sporting review, ed. by 'Craven'., page 394:

Miss Harriet just got there first from Vauban, the latter being leg weary from his previous gruellings ; the bitch scored four more before giving way to the dog, who made some nice driving points ; Miss Harriet, coming again, finished a good trial an easy winner.

1871, The COURSING CALENDAR For The AUTUMN SEASON 1870, page 229:

The course was given to the black puppy, but his chance was generally considered to have been utterly destroyed by the two gruellings he had received.

1907, James Blyth, The irrevocable, and other stories, page 230:

When "Red Robin's" other great son, "Dee Rock", was retired to stud in 1935 I recollect, too, the pessimistic prophecies of those sceptics that a dog that had endured so many gruellings in the field would never accomplish much at stud.

1949, H. Edwards Clarke, The modern greyhound, page 66:

(horse racing) A race in which the animal being raced finishes in a state of physical exhaustion.


bleeding heart

Lamprocapnos spectabilis
Lamprocapnos spectabilis#Translingual

Any of various perennial plants, of the family Papaveraceae, subfamily Fumarioideae, often having pink heart-shaped flowers, including:

Dicentra, a genus native to eastern Asia and North America, some species with colors and shape similar to Lamprocapnos spectabilis.


dandelion greens

(plural only) The leaves of the dandelion, eaten as a vegetable.


sweet potato

Ipomoea batatas
Ipomoea batatas#Translingual

A tropical perennial American vine, Ipomoea batatas, having a fleshy tuber.

The sweet potato is the article referred to as potato by Shakespeare and other English writers, previous to the middle of the seventeenth century.

1892, Ella Eaton Kellogg, “Vegetables”, in Science in the Kitchen: A Scientific Treatise on Food Substances and Their Dietetic Properties, Together with a Practical Explanation of the Principles of Healthful Cookery, and a Large Number of Original, Palatable, and Wholesome Recipes, Revised edition, Michigan: Health Publishing Company, page 239:

The tuber of this plant cooked as a vegetable.


Katy

The very first thing, however, Ernest annoyed me by calling me Katherine, though he knows I hate that name, and want to be called Katy as if I were a lovable person, as I certainly am (sometimes).

1876 Elizabeth Prentiss: Stepping Heavenward, and Aunt Jane's Hero. Ward, Lock&Tyler 1876. page 87

Come along, you’re the first of the Katies. Now Katy was a tom-boy, […] Have you got a copy of the script?

1961, Rosemary Weir, “Television Centre”, in Tania Takes the Stage, London: Hutchinson & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., →OCLC, pages 88–89:

Katy Carr serves her sentence with pain and her character changes as a result – or so the author implies; but the two Katys, the hoyden and the high-principled young lady, hardly seem to be the same girl.

1975, Margery Fisher, “Katy Carr”, in Who’s Who in Children’s Books: A Treasury of the Familiar Characters of Childhood, New York, N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, →ISBN, page 166, column 1:

A diminutive of the female given name Katherine, variant of Katie.

A city in Texas; named for the MKT railroad.

An unincorporated community in Missouri.

An unincorporated community in West Virginia.


wolfberry

Any of flowering species of the genus Lycium.


pine nut

pine nut (countable and uncountable, plural pine nuts)

From Middle English pinnote, pynote, from Old English pīnhnutu (“pinenut”), equivalent to pine + nut. Cognate with Swedish pinjenöt (“pinenut”).

The edible seed of any of several species of evergreen pine, especially Pinus pinea, Pinus cembra, and Pinus cembroides.


back straight

He got boxed in amongst four African runners in the back straight of the last lap, and was only able to get out into the clear coming into the home straight.

(athletics, horse racing) The straight part of a racetrack, running track, etc., opposite the finishing line; the backstretch.


Catawba

From catawba, as the tree was the people's totem.

There was a Catawba brave who took some pottery [to another tribe] to trade for bows and arrows. This chief [of the other tribe] had a beautiful daughter, and the Catawba brave fell in love with her, and she likewise fell in love with him. When the Catawba brave left, she asked her father for a bow and arrow. She shot it in the air in the direction the brave went, and then she went to get it. She kept shooting it in the air until she caught up with him.

1970, a Catawba origin story, told and retold by various individuals, and printed by Charles M. Hudson in his book The Catawba Nation

A member of a Native American people who inhabit the Carolinas: the Iswa.


dessert grape

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-dessert grape.wav

A grape grown for eating rather than for making wine.

uva da tavola

a grape grown for eating rather than for making wine


cubeb berry

A berry of the tailed pepper (Piper cubeba), eaten as a fruit.


granadilla

granadilla (countable and uncountable, plural granadillas)

On these plains, too, you will find the bushy oleander, many varieties of Jerusalem thorn and African rose, the bright scarlet of the cordium, bowers of jessamine, vines of grenadilla, and the silver and silky leaves of the portlandia.

1852, Mrs. David Osborne, The World of Waters:

Any of several species of genus Passiflora of passion flowers of tropical America.

granadilla

any of several passion flowers of tropical America

granadilla

the edible fruit of some of the species of these plants


fat choy

a blue-green alga (Nostoc flagelliforme) used as a vegetable in Chinese cooking


Riesling

A white wine made from this grape (often slightly sweet).


batata

Borrowed from Spanish batata, from Taíno batata. Doublet of English potato.