opium

en-noun

opium (countable and uncountable, plural opiums or opia)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sokʷós
Ancient Greek ὀπός (opós)
Ancient Greek -ῐον (-ĭon)
Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion)bor.
Latin opiumbor.
Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion)bor.
English opium
Borrowed from Latin opium and Ancient Greek ὄπιον (ópion), from ὀπός (opós, “juice of a plant”), from Proto-Indo-European *sokʷos (“juice, resin”).

der

From hence we firſt ſailed to Achin, in the iſland of Sumatra, and then to Siam, where we bartered our wares for ſome arrack and opium, the laſt of which bore a great price among the Chineſe:[…]

1777, [Daniel Defoe], The Life and Most Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe, […], 7th edition, London: […] S. Crowder, […]; J. Sewell, […]; W. Johnston, […]; and B. Law, […], →OCLC, page 277:

Papaver somniferum
Papaver somniferum#Translingual

(uncountable) A yellow-brown, addictive narcotic drug obtained from the dried juice of unripe pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine.

Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, […] It is the opium of the people.

1843, Karl Marx, Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie [A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right]:

(by extension, countable) Anything that numbs or stupefies.


poppy

en-noun

poppy (countable and uncountable, plural poppies)

→ Japanese: ポピー (popī)

Beckwithshaw
In Flanders Fields
John McCrae
Moina Michael

PIE word
 *péh₂wr̥
The noun is derived from Late Middle English poppy, Middle English popy, popi, popie (“plant of the genus Papaver; poppy seeds used as a spice”) [and other forms], from Old English popiġ (“poppy”), Early Old English popeġ, popaeġ, popæġ, popei [and other forms], perhaps from Late Latin *papavum, popauer, from Latin papāver (“poppy”), which may be from a reduplication of Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥ (“bonfire”). Doublet of papaver.
Sense 3 (“artificial poppy flower to remember those who died in the two World Wars and other armed conflicts”) reflects the efforts of American professor and humanitarian Moina Michael (1869–1944) to popularize the wearing of artificial poppies in remembrance of those who fought and died in World War I; she was inspired by the poem “In Flanders Fields” (1915) by the Canadian poet and soldier John McCrae (1872–1918): see the quotation.
The adjective is derived from the noun.

nb...

pape, papie, papy, papye, popẹ̄, poppei, popye, (Early Middle English) papig, popi, popig

blue poppy

Meconopsis, especially Meconopsis betonicifolia

In Flanders fields the poppies blow / Between the crosses, row on row, / That mark our place; […] / If ye break faith with us who die / We shall not sleep, though poppies grow / In Flanders fields.

1915 May 3 (date composed), John McCrae, “In Flanders Fields”, in Punch, or The London Charivari, London: Published at the office, 85, Fleet Street, published 8 December 1915, →OCLC; republished in In Flanders Fields and Other Poems, New York, N.Y., London: G[eorge] P[almer] Putnam’s Sons […], 1919, →OCLC, page 3:

We cherish, too, the poppy red / That grows on fields where valor led; / It seems to signal to the skies / That blood of heroes never dies, / […] / And now the torch and poppy red / We wear in honor of our dead. / Fear not that ye have died for naught; / We've learned the lesson that ye taught / In Flanders fields.

1918 November 9, Moina Michael, We Shall Keep the Faith; quoted in Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the First Session of the Sixty-ninth Congress of the United States of America (United States House of Representatives), volume LXVII, part 4, Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, 1926 February 10, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 3717, column 2:

Papaver rhoeas
Papaver rhoeas#Translingual

Any plant of the genus Papaver or the family Papaveraceae, with crumpled, often red, petals and a milky juice having narcotic properties; especially a common poppy or corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) which has orange-red flowers; the flower of such a plant.

губгъуэӏущхьэ

gʷubğʷɛʼwuśḥɛ

Troops from the garrison town formed a guard of honour for both sets of players, who emerged for the national anthem with poppies proudly stitched into their tracksuit jackets.

2011 November 10, Jeremy Wilson, “England under 21 5 Iceland under 21 0: Match report”, in Tony Gallagher, editor, The Daily Telegraph, London: Telegraph Media Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2011-11-11:

(chiefly Australia, British, Canada) A simple artificial poppy flower worn in a buttonhole or displayed in other contexts to remember those who died in the two World Wars and other armed conflicts, especially around Remembrance Day/Remembrance Sunday.


poppy

Of a bright red colour tinted with orange, like that of the common poppy flower (Papaver rhoeas).


poppy

en-adj

poppy (comparative poppier or more poppy, superlative poppiest or most poppy)

poppier (comparative)
more poppy (comparative)
poppiest (superlative)
most poppy (superlative)

From pop (“loud, sharp sound; fizzy drink; to make or burst with a loud, sharp sound; to stand out”) + -y (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘having the quality of’).


poppy

From pop(ular) + -y (suffix forming adjectives with the sense ‘having the quality of’).


poppy

From pop (“affectionate form of father”) + -y (suffix forming terms of endearment).

suf

(father):

(grandfather):

(endearing) One's father or grandfather, or a male authority figure having similar standing.


California poppy

en-noun

California poppy (plural California poppies)

A popular flowering garden plant, Eschscholzia californica, native to the south-western United States, and other similar plants in genus Eschscholzia.


bloodroot

bloodroot (usually uncountable, plural bloodroots)

Sanguinaria canadensis
Sanguinaria canadensis#Translingual

A North American plant, Sanguinaria canadensis, of the poppy family, which has a red root and sap and a single white flower in early spring.


fumitory

From late Middle English fumyter (with remodelling of suffix), from Old French fumeterre, from Latin fūmus terrae.

Any plant of the taxonomic genus Fumaria of annual herbaceous flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to temperate Europe and Asia.


bleeding heart

Lamprocapnos spectabilis
Lamprocapnos spectabilis#Translingual

Any of various perennial plants, of the family Papaveraceae, subfamily Fumarioideae, often having pink heart-shaped flowers, including:

Dicentra, a genus native to eastern Asia and North America, some species with colors and shape similar to Lamprocapnos spectabilis.


papaver

From the genus name, from Latin papāver. Doublet of poppy.

Any plant of the genus Papaver, poppies.


celandine

From Middle English celidoine, Old French celidoine, French chélidoine, from Latin chelīdonia, from chelīdonius (“relating to the swallow”), from Ancient Greek χελιδόνιος (khelidónios), χελιδών (khelidṓn). It was traditionally supposed to flower when the swallows appeared, and to perish when they departed.

Chelidonium majus
Chelidonium majus#Translingual

Either of two not closely related flowering plants:

Ficaria verna
Ficaria verna#Translingual

Lesser celandine (Ficaria verna, formerly Ranunculus ficaria).

So men haue learned many precious remedies for many diseases euen by brute [beasts], as we see by the swallow, who hath taught vs that the ioice of Celandine is singuler for the eies, for that she restoreth sight to her yong ones with Celandine.

1595, Thomas Johnson, Cornucopiæ, London: William Barley:

If your mouth waters now, what had it done, / Cou’d you have seen our delicate fine thrushes / Hot from the spit, with myrtle-berries cramm’d, / And larded well with celandine and parsley, / Bob at your hungry lips, crying—Come eat me!

1786, “From The Miners of Pherecrates”, in Richard Cumberland, transl., The Observer, volume 3, number 78, page 175:

Buttercups, that will be seen,
Whether we will see or no;
Others, too, of lofty mien;
They have done as worldlings do,
Taken praise that should be thine,
Little, humble Celandine!

1807, William Wordsworth, “To the Small Celandine”, in Poems, volume 1, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, page 25:

Coming suddenly round a corner into a glade of silver birch trees Edmund saw the ground covered in all directions with little yellow flowers—celandines.

1950, C. S. Lewis, chapter 11, in The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, Collins, published 1998:

The poor but lovely bird sat there, posing among the celandines and wood anemones, wondering why its wing-tips were frozen together.

2000, Bill Oddie, Gripping Yarns, page 26:


greater celandine

greater celandine (plural greater celandines)

A European perennial herb, Chelidonium majus, a flower of the poppy family with yellow flowers, native to Europe and western Asia.


sanguinaria

[…] the violets, houstonias, hepaticas, and sanguinarias, which take so kindly to home cultivation.

1871, Edward Everett Hale, Old and New, volume 3, page 108:

(botany) Any of the genus Sanguinaria, or bloodroots.


alkanet

alkanet (countable and uncountable, plural alkanets)

Alkanna tinctoria
Alkanna tinctoria#Translingual

Alkanna tinctoria, a plant whose root is used as a red dye.

Lithospermum arvense (bastard alkanet or field gromwell).


creamcups

From cream + cups, from its white and yellow flowers.

Platystemon californicus, an ornamental flowering plant in the Papaveraceae family, found growing wild throughout the American southwest and especially on the Pacific Coast.


opium poppy

Papaver somniferum, the species of plant from which opium and poppy seeds are extracted.


corydalis

From the genus name translingual Corydalis.

Any member of the genus Corydalis of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the fumewort family.


headwark

From Middle English heedwarke, hedewarke, from Old English hēafodwærc (“pain in the head, headache”), equivalent to head + wark. Cognate with Danish hovedvark (“headache”), Swedish huvudvärk (“headache”), Icelandic höfuðverkur (“headache”).


fitweed

Eryngium foetidum
Eryngium foetidum#Translingual

Eryngium foetidum, a plant supposed to be a remedy for fits.


corn poppy

The common poppy (Papaver rhoeas), of Eurasia.


red poppy

the common poppy (Papaver rhoeas), native to western Eurasia and north Africa.


papaverous

en-adj

papaverous (comparative more papaverous, superlative most papaverous)

more papaverous (comparative)
most papaverous (superlative)

/pəˈpævəɹəs/

He reduced the chaos of Smith to some order, and his style is sufficiently classical, but not the less prolix and papaverous on that account.

1837 April, “The Tuckahoe”, in Southern Literary Messenger, page 235:

"Then," said Mr. Eupheme, smiling benevolently, "the papaverous influences of Somnus or Morpheus deprived you of the advantage of ascertaining the modus operandi used in conducting an examination."

1841, Theodore Hook, editor, Peter Priggins, The College Scout, volume III, Henry Colburn, page 104:

Was it prudently considered that the dullest of critics can read only as long as his eyes are open? and that the function of judge must incessantly bring under his congnisance papaverous volumes, with which only a superhuman endowment of vigilance could hope successfully to contend?

August 1845, “North's Specimens of the British Critics”, in The Edinburgh Monthly Magazine, pages 242–243:

These were sometimes stinging like the preachers at Paul's Cross, often eloquent like Bossuet, and the louder the Doctor's flock snored the greater satisfaction his conscience; indeed it was safest to be hard on them when they were asleep. At any rate he it was probably first diffused in Trinity the papaverous air which still exists there.

1860, anonymous author, Narragansett; or, The Plantations: A story of 177—, volume II, Chapman and Hall, page 26:

But why are the heaven-bathed souls consumed by the yearning to sleep, to embrace the narcotic, papaverous hymns of Orpheus to Night and Sleep, to leave being for becoming?

2004, Michael J. B. Allen, “Life as a Dead Platonist”, in Michael J. B. Allen, Valery Rees, Martin Davies, editors, Marsilio Ficino: His Theology, His Philosophy, His Legacy, Brill, published 2002, →ISBN, page 166:

(figuratively) Inducing sleep; soporific.


bloodwort

en-noun

bloodwort (usually uncountable, plural bloodworts)

From blood + wort. Compare German Blutwurz, Swedish blodrot, both “tormentil”.

Rumex sanguineus
Rumex sanguineus#Translingual

Any of various plants with red roots or leaves.

Any of species Rumex sanguineus (bloody dock, wood dock, bloody-veined dock).


tetterwort

(UK) A plant used as a remedy for tetter, Chelidonium majus

(US) Sanguinaria canadensis, the bloodroot.


redroot

Any of several plants with red roots, such as the New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus), the gromwell (Lithospermum arvense), the bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis), and Lachnanthes caroliniana .


redweed

redweed (usually uncountable, plural redweeds)


fumewort

Any of various plants of the subfamily Fumarioideae or family Fumariaceae.


sea poppy

Sea-poppies and ragwort were plants of ill-fame, too.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 157:


eschscholzia

From translingual Eschscholzia, the genus name.

Any of the flowers in the Eschscholzia genus, especially the California poppy (Eschscholzia californica)


romneya

On one occasion I raised a batch of romneyas from seeds which were sown directly they were ripe, but the usual method of propagation is by root cuttings, which can be obtained at this period of the year.

(botany) Any of the genus Romneya of flowering plants of the poppy family, perennial subshrubs with woody stems and large white flowers with yellow centres.


macleaya

(botany) Any member of the genus Macleaya of flowering plants in the poppy family, native to China and Japan.


prickly poppy

Any in genus Argemone of poppies, which is prickly

Mexican prickly poppy – Argemone mexicana

white-flowered prickly poppy – Argemone albiflora

short-horned prickly poppy – Argemone brevicornuta

Turner’s prickly poppy – Argemone turnerae

prickly long-headed poppy – Papaver argemone

crested prickly poppy – Argemone platyceras

bronze-flowered prickly poppy – Argemone aenea

Arizona prickly poppy – Argemone arizonica

annual prickly poppy – Argemone polyanthemos

hedgehog prickly poppy – Argemone squarrosa


parrot weed

A suffrutescent plant (Bocconia frutescens) of the poppy family, native to parts of America. It has large sinuate pinnatifid leaves and small panicled apetalous flowers.


cardosanto

Argemone mexicana
Argemone mexicana#Translingual

A Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone mexicana), a hardy plant found in Mexico, with bright yellow latex.


squirrel corn

D. Canadénsis, DC. (Squirrel-Corn). Subterranean shoots tubiferous; leaves and raceme as in No. 1; corolla merely heart-shaped, the spurs very short and rounded; crest of the inner petals conspicuous, projecting.

1862, Asa Gray, Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States, page 27:

SQUIRREL CORN. See Dicentra.

1862, G. Ripley, editor, The new American cyclopædia, page 21:

Bulbocapnine, derived from squirrel corn, has been used to treat méniére's disease and muscular tremors, and the botanical drug complex, corydalis, which is found in the bulblets of both dutchman's breeches and squirrel corn, has been shown to be useful in treating chronic skin lesions and was once used to treat syphilis.

2012, Carol Gracie, Spring Wildflowers of the Northeast: A Natural History, page 46:

Dicentra canadensis, a herbaceous plant in the fumitory family with small yellow clustered bulblets, finely dissected leaves, and white heart-shaped flowers, native to deciduous woodland in eastern North America.


Matilija poppy

Matilija poppy (plural Matilija poppies)

Either of the two species of poppy in the genus Romneya.


yellow harlequin

yellow harlequin (countable and uncountable, plural yellow harlequins)


Dutchman's breeches

In the case of the plants, named because their flower petals resemble baggy pants worn by Dutch settlers to North America (compare slops, knickerbockers).

A plant of the species Dicentra cucullaria, native to eastern North America and the Columbia River basin.


celandine poppy

celandine poppy (plural celandine poppies)

A plant of the species Stylophorum diphyllum


swallow-wort

swallow-wort (countable and uncountable, plural swallow-worts)

A plant of any of several species of plants whose parts resemble a swallow's tail:

Pattalias palustris (syn. Seutera angustifolia, Gulf Coast swallow wort).

Gulf Coast swallow wort

Pattalias palustris. syn. Seutera angustifolia


Iceland poppy

Papaver nudicaule, a boreal flowering plant.


hollowwort

From hollow + wort, because of its hollow root.


chicalote

chicalote (countable and uncountable, plural chicalotes)

From Spanish chicalote, from Nahuatl chicalotl.

Flatbud prickly poppy (Argemone munita), a prickly poppy native to California.


arctic poppy

Any of certain Papaver species of high latitudes, in Papaver sect. Meconella:


mecon

From Ancient Greek μήκων (mḗkōn, “poppy”).


plume poppy

Any of the genus Macleaya of flowering plants in the poppy family Papaveraceae.


common poppy

The poppy (Papaver rhoeas), widespread in western Eurasia and North Africa, formerly a common agricultural weed, now often used in gardens.


field poppy

the common poppy (Papaver rhoeas), native to western Eurasia and north Africa.


horned poppy

Any of several plants of the genus Glaucium

cascall banyut

any of several plants of the genus Glaucium


Flanders poppy

Flanders poppy (plural Flanders poppies)

The common poppy (Papaver rhoeas), widespread in western Eurasia and North Africa, formerly a common agricultural weed, now often used in gardens.


poppywort

The herbaceous plant Stylophorum diphyllum.


Oriental poppy

Oriental poppy (plural Oriental poppies)

A perennial flowering plant (Papaver orientale), native to the Caucasus, northeastern Turkey, and northern Iran.


Mexican poppy

Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone mexicana).

Pale Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone ochroleuca).


wax doll

The flowers are smaller than those of the species last described; they are rose-coloured, and tipped with purple; and children, in many parts of Kent, call them wax dolls.

1855, Anne Pratt, The Flowering Plants and Ferns of Great Britain:

(British, dialect) The common fumitory, Fumaria officinalis.


yellow thistle

Mexican prickly poppy
w:en:Mexican prickly poppy

Synonym of Mexican prickly poppy (Argemone mexicana)


fried-egg plant

fried-egg plant (plural fried-egg plants)


staggerweed

staggerweed (countable and uncountable, plural staggerweeds)

A plant of other species, for similar reasons:

Dicentra cucullaria (Dutchman's breeches)


Coulter's Matilija poppy

Coulter's Matilija poppy (plural Coulter's Matilija poppies)

Romneya coulteri, a perennial species of flowering plant in the poppy family Papaveraceae.