grains of paradise

grains of paradise pl (normally plural, singular grain of paradise)

From medieval spice traders claiming that the spice grew only in Eden, in order to inflate prices. Cf. French graines de paradis.

...graynes of paradise, hoote & moyst þey be...

c. 1460, John Russell, The Boke of Nurture, page 126:

When I found it [Two-Penny Drink] left a hot Tang behind it, it gave me just Reason to believe they had used Grains of Paradise, or long Pepper, both which will save Malt.

1743, William Ellis, supplement to The London & Country Brewer, 2nd ed., p. 288

Guinea Grains and Grains of Paradise are considered, by the Trade, as one and the same article.

1812, James Smyth, The Practice of the Customs in the Entry, Examination, and Delivery of Goods and Merchandize, ii, p. 84:

"Gærtner has figured the fruit and seeds of a scitamineous plant under the name of Zingiber Melægueta, and which he considered to be identical with the Grains of Paradise."

1844, Jonathan Pereira, “On Grains of Paradise”, in The American Journal of Pharmacy, page 97:

...beer poisoned wi' grains o' paradise, and cocculus indicus.

1850, Charles Kingsley, chapter VIII, in Alton Locke, volume I, page 127:

"In fact this spice was making a second appearance in Europe: it was Guinea pepper, mentioned by Pliny as 'African pepper', and also known as Malaguetta pepper or grains of Paradise. Grains of Paradise had been very popular in the thirteenth century and again in the sixteenth; its popularity may have been due to the brilliant name thought up for it by some advertising genius born before his time."

1994, Anthea Bell, A History of Food, Wiley-Blackwell, translation of original by Maguelonne Toussaint-Samat, →ISBN, page 495:

"Also called Melegueta or Malagueta pepper, guinea grain, or guinea pepper, grains of paradise were prized as a spice and as a substitute for black pepper in Europe during the Middle Ages."

2006, Susheela Raghavan, Handbook of Spices, Seasonings, and Flavorings, 2nd edition, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 119:

Aframomum melegueta
Aframomum melegueta#Translingual

The seeds or seed capsules of Aframomum melegueta, used as a medicine and spice, especially as a substitute for black pepper and in flavoring alcoholic beverages.


mirasol

Borrowed from Spanish mirasol (“sunflower”)

bor+

A variety of chili; when dried, the chilis are called guajillos.


nixtamal

en-noun

nixtamal (usually uncountable, plural nixtamals)

From Mexican Spanish nixtamal, from Classical Nahuatl nextamalli (“hominy”), from nextli (“ashes, lime”) + tamalli (“something wrapped”).

Hominy; maize kernels which have undergone nixtamalization, that is, hulling and soaking and cooking in an alkaline solution.


ube

Ube is a popular ingredient in cakes and ice-cream in the Philippines and Jamaica.

Dioscorea alata
Dioscorea alata#Translingual


egglike

en-adj

egglike (comparative more egglike, superlative most egglike)

more egglike (comparative)
most egglike (superlative)

Resembling or characteristic of an egg; ovate.


baby corn

en-noun

baby corn (countable and uncountable, plural baby corns)

Young ears of maize/corn, especially those immature enough to be eaten whole as a vegetable.


sagamité

sagamité (countable and uncountable, plural sagamités)

/səˌɡɑ.məˈteɪ/

Borrowed from Canadian French sagamité, from an Algonquian language; compare Cree ᑭᓵᑲᒥᑌᐚᐳᕀ (kisaakamitewaapoy, “hot water”).

cog

Hulled Indian corn, or a stew made of this.


sagapenum

en-noun

sagapenum (countable and uncountable, plural sagapenums)

A yellow to brown bitter gum that derives from plants of the genus Ferula.


jaboticaba

/d͡ʒæbɒtɪˈkɑːbə/

From Portuguese jaboticaba (also spelt jabuticaba), from Old Tupi îabutikaba (“jaboticaba fruit”). Literally, “jabuti fat”.

der

The evergreen Brazilian grape tree, Myrciaria cauliflora, a fruit-bearing tree native to Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay.


salak

Any salak palm (Salacca zalacca), native to Indonesia; also called.


mongongo

A large, spreading tree (Schinziophyton rautanenii) of the family Euphorbiaceae, found on wooded hills and among sand dunes, with distinctive hand-shaped leaves, whose pale yellow wood resembles balsa.


nonivamide

(organic chemistry) A capsaicinoid, an amide of pelargonic acid and vanillylamine, present in chili peppers and used as a food additive and a lachrymatory agent.


homocapsaicin

A capsaicinoid and analogue and congener of capsaicin in chilli peppers.


spaghetti squash

en-noun

spaghetti squash (plural spaghetti squashes or spaghetti squash)

spaghetti squashes (plural)
spaghetti squash (plural)

Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita pepo#Translingual

An oblong seed-bearing variety of winter squash, in the species Cucurbita pepo.


busaa

An African alcoholic drink made from sorghum, maize, or millet-flour


Poona Kheera

From Poona (Pune) in India, and Hindi खीरा (khīrā, “cucumber”).

A type of cucumber with yellow-brown skin, originally from India.


corncake

To serve, place a corncake on each plate and top with 3 slices of bacon.

2009 August 30, “Iroquois White-Corn Cakes With Maple Syrup and Bacon”, in New York Times:


green gram

green gram (usually uncountable, plural green grams)

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata#Translingual

A bean from the seed of Vigna radiata, which is native to Bangladesh and India.


nixtamalization

Nixtamalization, a traditional Mexican process for making tortillas, consists of cooking maize grain in excess water and lime (calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)₂), at temperatures near boiling, followed by steeping.

2014, John F. Leslie, Antonio Logrieco, editors, Mycotoxin Reduction in Grain Chains, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, page 124:

A process for the preparation of maize (corn) in which the grain is soaked and cooked in an alkaline solution, usually limewater, and hulled.


leblebi

leblebi (countable and uncountable, plural leblebis)

From Ottoman Turkish لبلبی (leblebi, “roasted chickpea; jumbled or mashed chickpea”) and Modern Turkish leblebi from Arabic لَبْلَابِيّ (lablābiyy, “chickpea stew”), and directly from Arabic لَبْلَابِيّ (lablābiyy) for Arabic dishes but then more properly spelled lablabi.

der

A kind of snack made from roasted chickpeas


snakeberry

Solanum dulcamara
Solanum dulcamara#Translingual

A bitter nightshade (Solanum dulcamara), or its fruit.


deerberry

Vaccinium stamineum (squaw huckleberry), or its fruit.


root vegetable

A vegetable whose the edible part is the root, such as the carrot, potato, or onion.


mibuna

A leaf vegetable used in Japanese cooking, Brassica rapa nipposinica or Brassica rapa japonica


komatsuna

Borrowed from Japanese 小松菜 (komatsu-na, literally “Komatsu vegetable”).

bor

Brassica rapa
Brassica rapa#Translingual

A leaf vegetable, a form of Brassica rapa, used in Japanese cooking


atole

en-noun

atole (usually uncountable, plural atoles)

From Spanish atole, from Classical Nahuatl ātōlli.

"Pan fino, pan bianco!" screams the baker; and other cries from the vendors of atole, huevos, and leche, are uttered in shrill, discordant voices.

Since the days of the Tarascans, the corn-loving folks of Michoacan have enjoyed atole, a maize-based gruel flavored with chocolate, fruit, tamarind, or herbs.

2006 January 13, David Hammond, “Beyond the Burrito, Part 2: Michoacan”, in Chicago Reader:

Visitors can learn to make their own tortillas or sample the traditional cornmeal drink atole.

2007 April 13, S. Kirk Walsh, “Festivals With a Mexican Flair”, in New York Times:

A sweetened thick drink or thin gruel made from cornmeal, served hot.


bhindi

bhindi (countable and uncountable, plural bhindis)

Borrowed from Hindi भिंडी (bhiṇḍī, “okra”), a feminine form of Sanskrit भिण्डा (bhiṇḍā).

(India) Synonym of okra: the plant or its edible capsules.


kettle corn

A sweet and salty variety of popcorn with the addition of granulated sugar, salt, and oil.


zingerone

zingerone (usually uncountable, plural zingerones)

(organic chemistry) A crystalline solid organic compound that gives ginger its pungent taste.


common lavender

common lavender (usually uncountable, plural common lavenders)

Lavandula angustifolia
Lavandula angustifolia#Translingual

A lavender plant of the species Lavandula angustifolia.


bible leaf

Tanacetum balsamita
Tanacetum balsamita#Translingual

Tanacetum balsamita, a Eurasian perennial herb that has flowers that are yellow and buttonlike.


pearl millet

pearl millet (usually uncountable, plural pearl millets)

Cenchrus americanus
Cenchrus americanus#Translingual

Pennisetum glaucum
Pennisetum glaucum#Translingual

A widely grown millet (Cenchrus americanus, syn. Pennisetum glaucum).


proso millet

proso millet (usually uncountable, plural proso millets)

From any Slavic language, from Proto-Slavic *proso.

Panicum miliaceum
Panicum miliaceum#Translingual

Panicum miliaceum, a grass species used as a crop.


foxtail millet

foxtail millet (countable and uncountable, plural foxtail millets)

Setaria italica
Setaria italica#Translingual

The second-most widely planted species of millet, Setaria italica, which is the most important species of millet in East Asia.

browntop millet

Urolchloa ramosa, syn. Brachiaria ramosa


bird cherry

Prunus sect. Laurocerasus
Prunus sect. Laurocerasus

Prunus subg. Cerasus
Prunus subg. Cerasus

Any of several species of cherry trees sometimes grouped in the subgenus Prunus subg. Padus or section Prunus sect. Laurocerasus of Prunus subg. Cerasus.

Prunus pensylvanica of North America (vernacular names: fire cherry, pin cherry, and red cherry).


vaccinium

Borrowed from translingual Vaccinium, itself borrowed from Latin vaccīnium.

(botany) Any of the genus Vaccinium of ericaceous shrubs including the various kinds of blueberries and the true cranberries.


air potato

Dioscorea bulbifera
Dioscorea bulbifera#Translingual

A yam species (Dioscorea bulbifera), native to Africa, southern Asia, and northern Australia, cultivated and naturalized widely.


cherry tomato

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum#Translingual

A type of small tomato, the cultivar Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme.


pigweed

pigweed (countable and uncountable, plural pigweeds)

Chenopodium album
Chenopodium album#Translingual

Any of various weedy plants sometimes used as pig fodder


sour cherry

Prunus subg. Cerasus
Prunus subg. Cerasus#Translingual

Prunus cerasus
Prunus cerasus#Translingual

Species of Prunus subg. Cerasus, (cherries), native to much of Europe and southwest Asia, especially, Prunus cerasus, Prunus pseudocerasus, and Prunus cerasoides.


Uta

A round winter pear cultivar with golden-brown skin.


gillyflower

By folk etymology (with influence from flower) from French girofle, gilofre, from Late Latin caryophyllum, from Ancient Greek καρυόφυλλον (karuóphullon, “dried flower buds of the clove tree”).

der

(by extension) Any clove-scented flower.


chaste tree

Traditionally believed to be an anaphrodisiac.

Vitex agnus-castus
Vitex agnus-castus#Translingual

A shrub native to the Mediterranean region (Vitex agnus-castus).


bitter melon

/ˈbɪtəɹ ˈmɛlən/

Momordica charantia
Momordica charantia#Translingual

A vine, Momordica charantia, which produces a bitter, though when properly prepared edible, fruit.

(Australia) A similar fruit-bearing vine, Citrullus lanatus (Citroides Group).


humita

Borrowed from Spanish humita, from Quechua humint'a.

The Ecuadorean offerings are the best, particularly the humitas, steamed cornhusk tamales stuffed with a moist and fresh filling of sweet corn.

2008 February 3, “Where the Twain Meet”, in New York Times:

A traditional food of South America, consisting of masa harina dough and corn slowly cooked in oil.


golden rice

A variety of Oryza sativa rice produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesize beta-carotene, a precursor of provitamin A, and intended as a humanitarian tool to combat vitamin A deficiency.


borrel

en-adj

borrel (comparative more borrel, superlative most borrel)

more borrel (comparative)
most borrel (superlative)

Probably from burel (“coarse woolen cloth”).

Siker thou speak'st like a lewd sorrel,
Of heaven, to deemen so:
Howbe I am but rude and borrel,
Yet nearer ways I know.

1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Iohn Wolfe for Iohn Harrison the yonger, […], →OCLC:

(obsolete) Ignorant, unlearned; belonging to the laity, a mean fellow.


groundcherry

long-leaved groundcherry (Physalis longifolia

Any of various plants in the genus Physalis and their fruits


togarashi

Borrowed from Japanese 唐辛子 (tōgarashi), Japanese for the genus Capsicum, or specifically the species Capsicum annuum, and commonly translated as “chili pepper”.

chili peppers or chili pepper-related products from Japan, specifically the spice mixture consisting of mandarin orange peel, sesame seed, poppy seed, hemp seed, nori or aonori, and ground sansho


wapato

(US, Canada) Broadleaf arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia), or its edible bulbous root.


Marocain

/ˌmæɹəˈkeɪn/

/ˌmɑɹəˈkeɪn/

Borrowed from French Marocain (“Moroccan”), from Maroc (“Morocco”) (from Medieval Latin Marrochium (“the city of Marrakech, the former capital of Morocco”), ultimately from Berber Murt n Akush (“Land of God”)) + -ain (suffix forming demonyms).

der

(viticulture) A name used for two unrelated varieties of French wine grape, carignan and cinsault.


spinage

en-noun

spinage (countable and uncountable, plural spinages)

Take a quart of good boiling pease which put into a pot with a gallon of soft water whilst cold; add thereto a little beef or mutton, a little hung beef or bacon, and two or three large onions; boil all together while your soop is thick; salt it to your taste, and thicken it with a little wheat-flour; strain it thro' a cullender, boil a little sellery, cut it in small pieces, with a little crisp bread, and crisp a little spinage, as you would do parsley, then put it in a dish, and serve it up.

1764, Elizabeth Moxon, English Housewifery Exemplified:


sellery

We had most of us fasted eight-and-forty hours, some more; it was time therefore to make enquiry among ourselves what store of sustenance had been brought from the wreck by dire providence of some, and what could be procured on the island by the industry of others; but the produce of the one amounted to no more than two or three pounds of biscuit-dust preserved in a bag; and all the success of those who ventured abroad, the weather being still exceedingly bad, was to kill one sea-gull and pick some wild sellery.

1816, Robert Kerr, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels, Volume 17:


fuji

fuji (countable and uncountable, plural fujis)

Short for Fujisaki, Aomori, Japan, where originally cultivated.

(countable) A large cultivar of eating apple.


colocasia

He says: "The manner of operating is to plant a colocasia root in a place constantly exposed to the sun, where one can water it abundantly and continuously and protect it from wind."

1913, Paul Popenoe, Date Growing in the Old World and the New, page 303:

Dioscorides (2.128) gives a good description of the sacred lotus, which he calls the Egyptian bean (Αἰγύπτιος κύαμος). He calls its root colocasia (κολοκασἰα). Columella (RR 8.15.4), speaking of the colocasia, which he, too, calls the Egyptian bean, says that "the middle part of the pond should be made of earth, so that it may be sown with the colocasia and other green stuff which lives in or near water and provides shade for the haunts of the waterfowl.

2002, Wilhelmina Feemster Jashemski, The Natural History of Pompeii:

AFM surface height map and 2D profile showing the dynamic shrinking of a colocasia leaf.

2006, Bharat Bhushan, editor, Applied Scanning Probe Methods III: Characterization:


ashweed

Aegopodium podagraria
Aegopodium podagraria#Translingual


candlenut

In both respects, as I have already pointed out, they differed from the Polynesians who brought with them to their island homes not only their language but their agriculture, from the cradle of their race in the Malay Archipelago; cuttings of seedless breadfruit and of sugarcane, fleshy roots of taro and yams; even trees, like the Indian almond and the candlenut.

1923, Various, Northern Nut Growers Association Report of the Proceedings at the Fourteenth Annual Meeting:

A flowering tree (Aleurites moluccana and Aleurites rockinghamensis) of the family Euphorbiaceae, also known as candleberry, Indian walnut, kemiri, varnish tree or kukui nut tree.


oologist

a person who studies or specializes in oology


water dropwort

Any of genus Oxypolis of plants in the family Apiaceae


bear garlic

Allium ursinum
Allium ursinum#Translingual

A wild plant related to chives; ramsons, Allium ursinum.


wild garlic

wild garlic (countable and uncountable, plural wild garlics)

Compare French ail sauvage, Portuguese alho selvagem.


menthaceous

en-adj

menthaceous (comparative more menthaceous, superlative most menthaceous)

more menthaceous (comparative)
most menthaceous (superlative)

(botany) mint-like (of genus Mentha, tribe Mentheae, or the obsolete family Menthaceae).


omelette Arnold Bennett

en-noun

omelette Arnold Bennett (plural omelettes Arnold Bennett)

After Enoch Arnold Bennett (1867–1931), English novelist.

An omelette containing smoked haddock and parmesan cheese.


ambrette

ambrette (countable and uncountable, plural ambrettes)

Abelmoschus moschatus
Abelmoschus moschatus#Translingual

The musk mallow plant (Abelmoschus moschatus).


mung bean

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata#Translingual

The seed of Vigna radiata, native to South Asia.


gingerol

gingerol (usually uncountable, plural gingerols)

/ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒəɹɒl/

(organic chemistry) Any of several isomeric compounds responsible for the heat of ginger


pearmain

From Anglo-Norman parmain, peremain et al., Middle French parmain, permain (“type of pear or apple”), of uncertain origin.

Sweet fruits are best, as sweet cherries, plums, sweet apples, pearmains, and pippins, which Laurentius extols as having a peculiar property against this disease […].

1826 June 30, Thomas Greene Fessenden (editor), The New England Farmer, Volume 4 [July 1825—July 1826], page 385,
If it were not so, why, for instance, has not the pearmain — a better apple than the Baldwin or any other Massachusetts winter apple now known to me — been propagated as extensively, and brought in plenty to our markets?

Apples: Drap d'or, Barcelona pearmain;[…].

1833, John Claudius Loudon, editor, Art. VII: London Horticutural Society and Garden: Gardener's Magazine and Register of Rural and Domestic Improvement, volume IX, page 727:

Any of various types of apple, having an elongated shape and often with streaky skin.


mombin

mombin (countable and uncountable, plural mombins)

Any of several tropical American trees, of the genus Spondias.


zuke

But please use tender young squash. The zuke someone overlooked in the garden until it was the size of a rolling pin will be too bitter for this casserole.

2005, Beth Hensperger, Julie Kaufmann, Not Your Mother's Slow Cooker Cookbook:

By the time she was nine, Nina was traveling to distant markets on her own to sell her family's fresh tomatoes, beans, squash, zukes, cukes, peppers[…]

2009, Dev Patnaik, Peter Mortensen, Wired to care: how companies prosper when they create widespread empathy:


Red Delicious

I once knew a girl who wouldn’t eat apples. She wove her walking around groves and orchards. She didn’t even like to look at them. They’re all mealy, she said. Or else too cheeky, too bloomed. No, she stated again, in case we had not heard her, our laps brimming with Granny Smiths and Red Deliciouses.

2013, Aimee Bender, “Appleless”, in The Color Master: Stories, London: Hutchinson, →ISBN, page 3:

The first thing Billy did every morning at work was to swing by the main school’s cafeteria in the basement two floors below and pick up breakfast for the Academic Vision Institute: a plastic crate of thirty assorted milks (chocolate, obviously, being the only one anybody ever drank), twenty foil-topped orange juices (“contains less than 6% juice/product of Brazil, Honduras, El Salvador, and the United States”), around ten individually-sealed plastic cereal bowls (plus ten spork-napkin-straw kits), various fruits (almost always mealy, thick-skinned Red Deliciouses and rock-hard pears), and motley breakfast pastries.

2014, Wintfred Huskey, chapter 4, in Blowin’ It, Philadelphia, Pa.: The Head & The Hand Press, →ISBN, page 71:

These were native to the soil, and it’s unclear if they were used by Native Americans. In any case, contemporary palates—raised on flawless, tart Granny Smiths or Red Deliciouses—would have deemed them inedible, either impossibly sour or garbage-y bland.

2016, Steven Grasse, “Cider”, in Colonial Spirits: A Toast to Our Drunken History, New York, N.Y.: Abrams Image, →ISBN:

A variety of apple which is red in color and has a mild sweet flavor.


crackleberry

All the crackleberries had spilled out on the floor.

(US, dialectal) The high-bush huckleberry, Gaylussacia baccata, native to eastern North America, or the fruit of this shrub


Carmelite

A member of the Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, a Catholic religious order focusing on contemplative prayer and the Virgin Mary.

karmeldar

member of a certain Catholic religious order


bugleweed

Any of a genus of herbs used for ground cover, bugle (Ajuga).


winter melon

Benincasa hispida
Benincasa hispida#Translingual

Benincasa hispida, a species of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) commonly cultivated in Asia.


clary sage

Salvia sclarea, a biennial or short-lived herbaceous perennial.


zean

Former trade name. See Zea (“genus of grasses”).

(medicine, archaic) A highly concentrated fluid extract of cornsilk used as a diuretic and urinary antiseptic.


nutsedge

(US) Any of certain species of invasive perennial sedge, of the genus Cyperus, that have edible, nutlike tubers.


motherwort

From Middle English moderwort; equivalent to mother + wort.

Besides, it makes women joyful and mothers of children and settles their wombs as they should be; therefore we call it Motherwort.

1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society, published 2007, page 195:

—Miss Luna, muffling up her head,
Went with the ague, straight to bed,
Put out her lamp, and bade them tell
She could not hear her mistress' bell,
Begg'd them with motherwort to dose her,
And drew her cloudy night-cap closer.—

1827, Lydia Sigourney, Poems, The Comet of 1825, page 151:

Any of several perennial plants of the genus Leonurus, especially Leonurus cardiaca, used in traditional medicine to help with childbirth or treat uterine disorders.

Artemisia vulgaris
Artemisia vulgaris#Translingual


speargrass

speargrass (countable and uncountable, plural speargrasses)

Any of several not closely related grasses in some way reminiscent of a spear.

Species of Aristida (three-awn wiregrass)

Imperata cylindrica
Imperata cylindrica#Translingual

Species of Stipa (feathergrass), typically Stipa calamagrostis


muscadine

Uncertain, but probably from muscadel, muscatel, + -ine.

All black wines, over-hot, compound, strong, thick drinks, as muscadine, malmsey, alicant, rumney, brown bastard, metheglin, and the like […]


southernwood

southernwood (countable and uncountable, plural southernwoods)

From Old English sūþernewudu, equivalent to southern + wood.

Artemisia abrotanum
Artemisia abrotanum#Translingual

An aromatic shrub, Artemisia abrotanum, related to wormwood.


love apple

Calque of Italian pomo d'oro (“tomato”, literally “golden apple”), confusing d’oro (“golden”) with d’amore (“love”), or from French pomme d’amour, equivalent to love + apple.


whitethorn

Crataegus monogyna
Crataegus monogyna#Translingual

Crataegus monogyna, a hawthorn species native to Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia.


veitchberry

From Veitch + berry, from the surname of the men who raised it.

A form of loganberry: specifically, a cross between R. fruticosus and R. idaeus.


origanum

/ɒɹɪˈɡɒːnəm/

From the genus name. Doublet of oregano.

Any herbaceous plant of the genus Origanum


pattypan squash

en-noun

pattypan squash (plural pattypan squash)

Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita pepo#Translingual

A summer squash of the species Cucurbita pepo, notable for its small size, round and shallow shape, and scalloped edges, which cause it to somewhat resemble a small toy top or a flying saucer.


pilewort

pilewort (usually uncountable, plural pileworts)

Ficaria verna
Ficaria verna#Translingual

Any of various not closely related plants traditionally supposed to be effective in treating piles (hemorrhoids), especially

Ficaria verna (formerly Ranunculus ficaria), lesser celandine, a plant in the buttercup family.


crosne

Also called Chinese artichokes or chorogis, crosnes look like beetle larvae and taste like water chestnuts, but, in fact, they are tubers, in the mint family.

2004, Nick Paumgarten, “Little Giant”, in The New Yorker, volume 80, number 35, page 23:

Kumquat and crosnes round out the dish, fulfilling the apparent fancy restaurant obligation to marshal off-the-beaten-path ingredients.

2007 April 25, “Dining Briefs”, in New York Times:

A vegetable, Stachys affinis, the Chinese artichoke.


Zante currant

Vitis vinifera
Vitis vinifera#Translingual

A small, sweet, seedless black grape with an intense flavour when dried, from a cultivar of Vitis vinifera the grape vine.


lemonwood

The flowering plant Calycophyllum candidissimum.


stinging nettle

stinging nettle (countable and uncountable, plural stinging nettles)

Urtica dioica
Urtica dioica#Translingual

A nettle; any of the species of genus Urtica that cause painful short-term skin irritation, especially Urtica dioica, originally Eurasian, now naturalized elsewhere.


pellitory

pellitory (countable and uncountable, plural pellitories)

Probably an alteration of pelleter, with change of ending after Etymology 1, above.

Common Pellitory is a very common plant, and will not be kept in our gardens without diligent looking to.

1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society, published 2007, page 213:

Anacyclus pyrethrum
Anacyclus pyrethrum#Translingual

Pellitory of Spain (Anacyclus pyrethrum), a plant containing an oil once used for toothaches and facial neuralgia.


marshwort

A small, white-flowered plant, of the genus Apium, that grows in marshy habitats.


santonin

santonin (countable and uncountable, plural santonins)

(chemistry) An anthelmintic found in santonica and related plants.


dihydrocapsaicin

A capsaicinoid and analog and congener of capsaicin in chili peppers.


red huckleberry

red huckleberry (plural red huckleberries)

A deciduous shrub native to west coast of North America growing to 8-foot tall (Vaccinium parvifolium).


spoonbread

spoonbread (countable and uncountable, plural spoonbreads)

Black folk ain't goin' to be free, they ain't goin' to have no spoonbread and sweet cider less'n they studies to love they own selves.

1967, William Styron, The Confessions of Nat Turner, Vintage, published 2004, page 303:

(Southern US) Bread made from corn and eggs, of a soft consistency such that it is served with a spoon.

начинка

maize-based dish served in lieu of bread


bishopsweed

Alternative form of bishop's weed (“Ammi majus, a plant with white lace-like flowers”)


elecampane

elecampane (countable and uncountable, plural elecampanes)

From Middle English elena campana, from a confusion of Latin enula campana and helenium.

Inula helenium
Inula helenium#Translingual

A tall Eurasian herb, Inula helenium, whose roots have been used medicinally.


pittosporum

A genericization of translingual Pittosporum, from New Latin pittosporum, from Ancient Greek πίττα (pítta, “pitch”) + σπόρος (spóros, “seed, spore”), from the sticky resin surrounding its seeds.

Crimson and orange chats whistled from the heath of spinifex, pittosporums, mulga and eremophila scrubs growing along the sides of the lake.

2013, Alexis Wright, The Swan Book, Constable (2016), page 190:

Any plant of the genus Pittosporum, various Old World shrubs and trees.


honewort

From hone + wort, from hone (“a swelling”).

Either of two plants of the family Umbelliferae.

A perennial plant, Cryptotaenia canadensis, sometimes cultivated as a vegetable.

A small European plant, Trinia glauca, once thought to be a remedy for swellings.


yellow onion

A dry onion with a strong flavor and papery yellowish skin.

بصل صفر

onion with strong flavour and yellowish skin


zedoary

zedoary (countable and uncountable, plural zedoaries)

/ˈzɛdəʊˌɛɹi/

From Medieval Latin zedoārium, from Arabic جَدْوَار (jadwār), from Classical Persian ژدوار (žadwār).

Curcuma zedoaria
Curcuma zedoaria#Translingual

Curcuma zedoaria, a perennial herb native to India and Indonesia.


agnus castus

From Ancient Greek ἄγνος (ágnos), confused with ἁγνός (hagnós, “chaste”); + by reinforcement Latin castus (“chaste”).

[…] some herbs provoke lust; some again, as agnus castus, waterlilly, quite extinguish seed […] .

Vitex agnus-castus
Vitex agnus-castus#Translingual

A tree, Vitex agnus-castus, formerly believed to preserve chastity.


banana pepper

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

A kind of yellow chili pepper, Capsicum annuum.


Rkatsiteli

Borrowed from Georgian რქაწითელი (rkac̣iteli, literally “red stem”).

bor

A kind of grape used to produce white wine.


Queensland nut

The tree is native to parts of Queensland, Australia.


cornhusker

(usually capitalized) A person who is a native or resident of the U.S. state of Nebraska.


Nashi

A northeast wind which occurs in winter on the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf.


Nashi

Pyrus pyrifolia
Pyrus pyrifolia#Translingual

A fruit, the Nashi pear, Pyrus pyrifolia.


Nashi

Alternative form of Nakhi (“ethnic group”)


kaikomako

(New Zealand) Pennantia baylisiana, a rare tree of New Zealand.


ground-ivy

en-noun

ground-ivy (usually uncountable, plural ground-ivies)

Glechoma hederacea
Glechoma hederacea#Translingual

Glechoma hederacea, an aromatic, perennial, evergreen creeper of the mint family Lamiaceae


chinquapin

Like its cognate / alternative form chinkapin, chinquapin is an alteration of chechinquamin / chincomen (the form found in early records), from an Algonquian language (sometimes said specifically to be from Powhatan). The final element is *mini (“berry, fruit”). Hewitt suggested that the first element was a word meaning "large, great" cognate to xinkw- (“big, large, great”).

Any of certain species of tree in the chestnut genus Castanea:

Nelumbo lutea
Nelumbo lutea#Translingual

A water chinquapin, an aquatic plant of species Nelumbo lutea, American lotus.

A redear sunfish, a freshwater fish of the southeastern US (Lepomis microlophus).


urad

Borrowed from Hindi उड़द (uṛad), ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *uẓuntu

(botany, India cooking) Vigna mungo, a South Asian bean used to make dal.


amomum

Any of several spices of genus Amomum, family Zingiberaceae, including cardamom.


melongene

From French mélongène, from Medieval Latin melongena, Italian melanzana, from Greek μελιτζάνα (melitzána), from Arabic اَلْبَاذِنْجَان (al-bāḏinjān, “eggplant”), from Persian بادنگان (bâdengân), from باتنگان (bâtengân), from Sanskrit वातिगगम (vātiga-gama, “eggplant”). Doublet of malidzano.

der

اَلْبَاذِنْجَان


off-corn

Waste or inferior corn thrown out during dressing.


catjang

en-noun

catjang (countable and uncountable, plural catjangs)

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) and occasionally catjangs or cow peas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) are grown along the Wahgi Valley (HIDE 1979:14).

1991, A. O. Latunde-Dada, Genetic Manipulation of the Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) for Enhanced Resistance ro Fungal Pathogens and Insect Pests, Nyle C. Brady (editor), Advances in Agronomy, Volume 44, page 134,
The Indian cultigroups of V. unguiculata ssp. unguiculata, namely, Biflora (the catjang bean) and Sesquipedalis (the yardlong or asparagus bean), arose probably by selection from the early cowpea domesticates (Faris, 1965).

2012, Tong Kwee Lim, Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants, Volume 2: Fruits, page 968,
Catjang bean is considered to have developed in India from cowpea (cultigroup Unguiculata) which originated in West Africa (Ng and Marechal 1985). Catjang is widely cultivated in India, China, Kampuchea, Japan, Korea, Laos, Vietnam, Africa and America.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata#Translingual

A cowpea native to Africa, Vigna unguiculata, sometimes Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica, a densely-branched shrubby perennial grown for animal fodder or food.


mamey sapote

mamey sapote (usually uncountable, plural mamey sapotes)

Pouteria sapota
Pouteria sapota#Translingual

A species of fruit-bearing tree native to southern Mexico and northern South America, Pouteria sapota.


liberty cabbage

Coined during the First World War as a substitute for the word sauerkraut, which had been borrowed from German around 1600.

The largest quantity of vegetables prepared was Liberty cabbage, 661 barrels. If these barrels were placed lengthwise in a row, they would reach a distance of almost one-half a mile.

1918, The Institution Quarterly (Illinois), volume 9, issue 1, 31 March 1918, page 286

"Liberty cabbage," made in Germany and there still known as sauerkraut, has been served at many American army messes during the week, five carloads of the edible having been left behind by the withdrawing German army.

1918 November 30, “Liberty Cabbage”, in The New York Times:

A glance at the following menus gives an idea of the quality and variety of food served the employe[e]s: [...] Supper—Cream of Barley Soup, Wieners and Liberty Cabbage, Pork Chops, Fried Potatoes, Stewed Corn, [...]

1919 January, The National Association of Corporation Schools Bulletin, volume 6, number 1, page 124:

We noticed the monstrous cabbage weighing eighteen pounds, but this was nothing new to us as in the past few days we have made thirty barrels of liberty cabbage.

1919 October, Joseph Hermann, Milton Dentzler, “Greenhouse”, in The Industrial Enterprise, volume 26, number 10, page 11:

Guinea Fowls with Liberty Cabbage [...] Clean and disjoint guinea fowls. Season pieces by rolling them in a little flour [...] Cover Liberty cabbage with hot water, add smoked bacon and sausages.

1919, Marion Harris Neil, The Thrift Cook Book, page 109:

September.—Made 8 hhds. of Liberty Cabbage; housed onions, tomatoes, canteloupe, watermelons; began the apple picking; supplied the house with vegetables and fruits. N. B.—The frost hit and killed our tender crops on September 11, 1917.

1919, New York Legislative Documents: One Hundred and Forty-Second Session, 1919, volume 39, issues 105–110, page 60

Utica State Hospital Regular Dietary for Patients week ending June 1, 1919 [...] Breakfast: Cereal, milk, syrup, bread, butter, coffee, (toast, fried Hamburg steak). Dinner: Corned beef, gravy, potatoes, coffee, liberty cabbage, bread, [...]

1919, State of New York Handbook of the State Hospital Commission, page 186:

Sauerkraut was rechristened “liberty cabbage,” and hamburgers became “liberty sandwiches.” Libraries removed works of German literature from their shelves, and Theodore Roosevelt and others urged school districts to prohibit the teaching of the German language. Patriotic school boards burned the German books in their districts.

2007, John M. Murrin, Paul E. Johnson, James M. McPherson, Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Since 1863, page 858:

Sauerkraut became liberty cabbage; frankfurters became liberty sausage. (Could the creative members of Congress who coined the term freedom fries in a spasm of anti-French sentiment in 2002 have known of this earlier linguistic inventiveness?) German faculty members were fired from universities. German musicians were fired from orchestras.

2008, Daniel A. Farber, Security versus liberty, page 32:

(US, historical, nationalist) sauerkraut


cicely

cicely (usually uncountable, plural cicelies)

From Latin seselis, from Ancient Greek σέσελις (séselis).

Myrrhis odorata
Myrrhis odorata#Translingual

Myrrhis odorata, a plant in the genus Myrrhis, in the family Apiaceae.

sweetroot, any of several plants in the genus Osmorhiza.


blue bugle

Ajuga reptans
Ajuga reptans#Translingual

Either of two herbaceous flowering plants.


tamarillo

A Spanish-language-sounding neologism chosen by the New Zealand Tree Tomato Promotions Council in New Zealand in 1967. Appears to be a blend of tamarind and Spanish tomatillo.

A small tree or shrub (Solanum betaceum syn. Cyphomandra betacea) which bears edible fruits.


plumcot

These fruits are in season now, along with the plumcot, 50 percent plum and 50 percent apricot, which has been sold on a limited basis until now.

2007 July 11, Florence Fabricant, “Food Stuff”, in New York Times:

He also sent us specimens of what he calls the "plumcot" — a cross between the plum and the apricot.

1898, Report/Maryland State Horticultural Society:


callicarpa

There were callicarpas full of pale lavender berries, which would turn purple in the fall; viburnums and shrub dogwoods; and lacy elderberries juxtaposed against dense evergreens or the large, floppy leaves of an oakleaf hydrangea.

2007 August 30, Anne Raver, “Vistas and Close-Ups, Staged by a Filmmaker”, in New York Times:

Any of the genus Callicarpa of shrubs and small trees, the beautyberries.


Indian apple

Punica granatum
Punica granatum#Translingual

Podophyllum peltatum
Podophyllum peltatum#Translingual

Podophyllum peltatum (mayapple), a toxic, herbaceous perennial plant with edible fruit.

Datura inoxia
Datura inoxia#Translingual

Datura inoxia (angel's trumpet), a hallucinogenic plant.


nepitella

And though he has not started shaving white truffles over his food as yet because the season is just beginning, Mr. Trabocchi is indulging in more than a few high-end ingredients, including sea urchin, Kobe beef and nepitella, a wild Italian mintlike herb that he uses in savories and a dessert.

2007 September 26, Florence Fabricant, “A Chef to Watch Finds a New York Niche”, in New York Times:

A herb, Clinopodium nepeta, lesser calamint.


rocket salad

rocket salad (countable and uncountable, plural rocket salads)


apple mint

apple mint (countable and uncountable, plural apple mints)

Any herb with aroma or taste reminiscent of apple and mint, used for flavoring, herbal teas, and jellies.


shoepeg corn

A cultivar of sweetcorn with small, narrow kernels, valued for its sweetness.


oheloberry

From Hawaiian, from the plant's name ʻŌhelo ʻai, and berry.

The berry of Vaccinium reticulatum, native to Hawaii, similar in taste to the cranberry.


holy basil

holy basil (countable and uncountable, plural holy basils)

Ocimum tenuiflorum
Ocimum tenuiflorum#Translingual

Ocimum tenuiflorum, an aromatic plant cultivated for religious, medicinal, and culinary purposes and for its essential oil.


langsat

He describes one variety of the stinking durian fruit as tasting like “undercooked peanut butter-mint omelets in body-odor sauce”; langsats are “tangy-sweet detonations of citric perfection”; biting into a monkey tamarind is “like eating cloud.”

2008 June 1, Mary Roach, “Beyond Harry & David”, in New York Times:

He always had a good time, and always would come home with a bunch of bananas or a basket of langsat and durian fruit, which would definitely make Mamek happy, as well as his mother and father.

2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 39:

Lansium domesticum
Lansium domesticum#Translingual

A small, whitish-brown fruit of Southeast Asia, from the tree Lansium domesticum, with fleshy pulp and subacid taste.


egg squash

A subspecies of squash with small egg-shaped fruit, Cucurbita pepo subsp. polymorpha


datil

From American Spanish dátil (“date”), from Catalan dàtil. Doublet of dactyl and date.

The queen palm, Syagrus romanzoffiana, or its leaf fibers used for weaving.


rangpur

Citrus limon (syn. Citrus × limonia), a citrus fruit which is a hybrid between the mandarin orange and the lemon.


lemandarin

Citrus × limonia, a citrus fruit which is a hybrid between the mandarin orange and the lemon.


nocake

A respelling, probably influenced by cake, of nokehick, nokehike, which derives from an Algonquian language, probably Narragansett nokehick or Massachusett nookhik (“nocake”, literally “(that which is) pounded till soft”); the word is related to Abenaki nokhigan (“flour”), and English rokeag and yokeag.

der

If their imperious occaſions cauſe them to travell, the beſt of their victuals for their journey is Nocake, (as they call it) which is nothing but Indian Corne parched in the hot aſhes; the aſhes being ſifted from it, it is afterwards beaten to powder, and put into a long leatherne bag, truſſed at their backe like a knapſacke; out of which they take thrice three ſpoonefulls a day, dividing it into three meales.

1634, William Wood, “Of Their Dyet, Cookery, Meale-times, and Hospitality at Their Kettles”, in Nevv Englands Prospect. […], London: […] Tho[mas] Cotes, for Iohn Bellamie, […], →OCLC, page 68:

A ſmall pouch of parched corn, ground or rather pounded into meal, and called Nuichicke, which is well enough tranſlated Nocake, would ſupport them ſeveral days in their travelling, when they could get no other proviſions; [...]

1760, [Thomas] Hutchinson, “Of the Original State of the Country, with Respect to the Inhabitants and Soil”, in The History of the Colony of Massachusets-Bay, […], 2nd edition, London: […] M. Richardson, […], →OCLC, page 465:

Nookhick or nokehick, the Indian name of the meal of parched corn, was pronounced nocake, by the English, who sometimes hired Indian women to prepare it for them. Winthrop says the parched corn was "turned almost inside outward, and was white and floury." It must have resembled our parched popcorn.

[1863, Sylvester Judd, chapter XXXII, in History of Hadley, including the Early History of Hatfield, South Hadley, Amherst and Granby, Massachusetts, […], Northampton, Mass.: […] Metcalf & Company, →OCLC, footnote ‡, page 366:

The Indians had not the art of making bread. Their boiled their corn [...] or they ate the parched kernels whole; or with a stone pestle and a wooden mortar they broke them up into meal, which, moistened with water into a paste, they called nookhik.¹ [Footnote 1: Nookhik, meal, (Eliot's Indian Bible,) was corrupted by the English into nocake.]

[1865, John Gorham Palfrey, chapter I, in The History of New England during the Stuart Dynasty. … In Three Volumes, volume I, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →OCLC, book I (The Settlement), page 28:

This preparation of corn was called nocake or nookick. [...] It was held to be the most nourishing food known, and in the smallest and most condensed form.

1898, Alice Morse Earle, “Indian Corn”, in Home Life in Colonial Days […], New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 137:

The Puritans raised corn (or maize) which they got from the Indians; and they soon learned the virtues of "nocake"—a name derived from the Indian of noohkik. Nocake was made of selected Indian corn, parched in hot ashes, then well sifted and thoroughly pulverized. It was mixed with cold water and drunk. The early Virginians knew it as "rockahomonie." Nocake was the rudiment with which the New England folk began the study of foods prepared from Indian corn.

1920 November 1, George S. Bryan, “Good Eating in Puritan Days”, in The Mentor, volume 8, number 17 (number 213 overall), New York, N.Y.: Crowell Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 35, column 1:

[pages 5–6] In connection with the mortar and pestle, our attention is directed towards the preparation of nocake (nókek‘, corn parched and pounded) and the realization of its unsurpassed tastiness and value as a staple food. [...] [page 7] One informant confessed, of his own accord, his occasional craving for nocake, and remarked upon the individual satisfaction derived from preparing and eating it. For making nocake, Indian or "native" corn of the yellow variety is preferred.

1930 January, Gladys Tantaquidgeon, “Notes on the Gay Head Indians of Massachusetts”, in Indian Notes, volume VII, number I, New York, N.Y.: Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 5–7:

It was some time before the white man learned the red man's secret—Nocake. Undoubtedly the first American food concentrate was Nocake. Simple to prepare, easy to carry, always dependable, it was his dependence in the forests, on the trails, even on the warpath.

1962 April 3, Fred Schwengel, quoting Margo Cairns, “America’s First Food Concentrate—Nocake: Extension of Remarks of Hon. Fred Schwengel of Iowa in the House of Representatives, Monday, April 2, 1962”, in Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the 87th Congress, Second Session: Appendix (United States House of Representatives), volume 108, part 23, Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, →ISSN, →OCLC, page A2541, column 1:

Long journeys like this, as well as quick removes, required a lightweight but nourishing ration. "Nokehick" or "nokake," the meal from parched corn described above, was the answer.

[1980, Howard S[ymmes] Russell, “The Family Meals”, in Indian New England before the Mayflower, Lebanon, N.H.: University Press of New England, →ISBN, part III (The Household), pages 92–93:

[S]he took a mouthful of nocake to chew slowly, and she focused her energies on putting one foot in front of the other.

1998 August, Sara Donati [pseudonym; Rosina Lippi], chapter XXXVIII, in Into the Wilderness (A Delta Book), trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Bantam Dell, published October 2008, →ISBN, page 510:

He held out the bowl. "This here is some nocake. I figured we earned a quick bever." I quickly ate the ground Indian corn mixed with water.

1999, Michael Jensen, chapter 5, in Frontiers: A Novel, trade paperback edition, New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, published May 2000, →ISBN, page 70:

Especially for men away from camp, winter was a time of occasional hunger between kills; most carried only a small store of parched corn flour called nocake as traveling fare.

2003, William Cronon, “Seasons of Want and Plenty”, in Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England, revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Hill and Wang, →ISBN, part II (The Ecological Transformation of Colonial New England), page 47:

Indian corn parched and pounded into meal (powder), used as food by Native Americans, sometimes mixed with maple sugar.


butter pear

(avocado): From its pear-like shape and buttery texture.

A juicy, delicate-textured French variety of pear.

bera

a juicy, delicate-textured French variety of pear


yampah

At this place I became first acquainted with the yampah (anethum graveolens,) which I found our Snake woman engaged in digging in the low timbered bottom of the creek.

1845, J[ohn] C[harles] Frémont, Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the Year 1842, and to Oregon and North California in the Years 1843-’44, Washington: Gales and Seaton, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 124:

Any of the genus Perideridia of plants in the parsley family, native to western North America, with umbels of white flowers, especially Perideridia gairdneri, which has an edible root.


Cavendish

en-proper noun

Cavendish (countable and uncountable, plural Cavendishes)

* (English village): Enclosure of a man named Cāfna + Old English edisc; recorded as Kauanadisc in 1086 (DB).
* (in Vermont): Likely named after William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire.
* (banana): Named after William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire.

named-after

A village and civil parish in West Suffolk district, Suffolk, England, previously in St Edmundsbury district (OS grid ref TL8046).

Peterborough County
Peterborough County#English

A community, ward and former township in Trent Lakes, Peterborough County, Ontario.

Clearwater County
Clearwater County#English

An unincorporated community in Clearwater County, Idaho, United States.

census-designated place
census-designated place

A town and census-designated place therein, in Windsor County, Vermont, United States.

Southern Grampians
Southern Grampians#English

A township in the Shire of Southern Grampians, Victoria, Australia.


pinole

en-noun

pinole (countable and uncountable, plural pinoles)

From Mexican Spanish pinole, from Classical Nahuatl pinolli (“flour, ground maize or chia”).

der

But all of them also called for obscure ingredients  whole cacao beans and a toasted corn flour called pinole, for example.

2009 February 11, Melissa Clark, “Third Time’s the Charm, Valentine”, in New York Times:

A coarse flour made from ground toasted maize kernels, often mixed with herbs, which may be eaten by itself or incorporated into drinks.


jargonelle

/dʒɑːɡəˈnɛl/

From French jargonelle, diminutive of jargon.

A jargonell pear-tree at one end of the cottage, a rivulet, and flower-plot of a rood in extent, in front, and a kitchen-garden behind; […] announced the warm and cordial comforts which Old England, even at her most northern extremity, extends to her meanest inhabitants.

1817 December 31 (indicated as 1818), [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Rob Roy. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 92:

She craves for fruit,—she has a constant fever on her; but jargonelle pears will do as well as anything, and there are quantities of them in the market.

1855, Elizabeth Gaskell, chapter 27, in North and South:


astrantia

To counter the heft of such big leaves, add dainty flowering plants like Yellow Waxbells (Kirengeshoma palmata) or the underused astrantia in red or maroon.

2009 May 14, Stephen Orr, “Plants That Like to Get Their Feet Wet”, in New York Times:

Any of the genus Astrantia of herbaceous plants.


cornflake

But the kitchen regained its footing with a juicy pork chop, from a farm in Pennsylvania, with a cornflake crust; catfish (in a departure, from Louisiana) pan roasted, with black-bean-studded rice; and a chicken breast (from Delaware) pan roasted, with balsamic vinegar and a first-rate mozzarella.

2009 June 7, David Corcoran, “Ideas That Translate Into Full Local Flavors”, in New York Times:

A toasted flake of maize used as breakfast cereal.


eggfruit

From egg + fruit. The texture of these fruits has been likened to hard-boiled egg yolk.

“I’m pumped!” he exclaimed, having just been told that a new graft will increase the size of his cherimoyas, and that he can easily hand pollinate his underproducing eggfruits.

2009 June 28, John Anderson, “His Weird Side: That’s Where the Fun Is”, in New York Times:


dangleberry

[ˈdæŋɡəɫˌbɛɹi]

An ericaceous flowering plant in the genus Gaylussacia.

The white-bloomed dark blue edible berry of this plant.


nondo

A coarse umbelliferous North American plant in the genus Ligusticum, with a large aromatic root.


breadcorn

From Middle English bred corn, brede corne; equivalent to bread + corn.

That which I drive at now is this; That Breadcorn, that brings so considerable increase by Tillage and Husbandry, would scarce be at all without it; for that which grows wildly of it self is worth nothing: but it being so wholesom and strengthning a food, that it should yield so plentiful increase, and that this should not be without humane Art and Industry, does plainly insinuate that there is a Divine Providence that intended to exercise the wit of Man in Husbandry and Tillage.

1662, Henry More, An Antidote Against Atheism, Book II, A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings of Dr. Henry More, p. 60


threetip sagebrush

Artemisia tripartita, a sagebrush plant.


finochie

The Finochi, or Finochio of the Italians, and which, from a literal Termination generally put to Engliſh Words, I call Finochie, is a Kind of Fennel; which when tied up, and blanched a little, is one of the wholſomeſt Aromaticks that any Body can eat, (but is withal a little two ſtrong for ſome Palates,) yet is in great Requeſt amongſt Valetudinarians, or thoſe who endeavour after Health and long Life.
[…]

1733, Practical Huſbandman and Planter, volume 1, pages 139 and 185

Once a Week, or Fortnight, or thereabout, alſo ought the Gardener to be putting in a few Finochie-Seeds; and to be tranſplanting out thoſe Cauliflore, Brocaulie, Borecaule, and Savoy Plants, with which the Tables of the Curious are to be furniſh’d between Michaelmas and Chriſtmas.

Fennel is a good deal used, in continental Europe, in soups, fish-sauces, garnishes, and salads. It is also considerably used in England, but less with us. The Italians blanch and eat the stalks of one variety called Finochie, like celery.

1868, William Nathaniel White, J. Van Buren, James Camak, Gardening for the South, page 328:


buck rarebit

A Welsh rarebit topped with a poached egg.


Florence fennel

en-noun

Florence fennel (countable and uncountable, plural Florence fennels)

Synonym of finocchio (“fennel cultivar”)


glucose-fructose syrup

glucose-fructose syrup (countable and uncountable, plural glucose-fructose syrups)

High fructose corn syrup
high fructose corn syrup


high-fructose maize syrup

high-fructose maize syrup (countable and uncountable, plural high-fructose maize syrups)


glucose/fructose

2009 "The Canadian Soft Drink Industry"
Glucose/fructose is a generic term for high fructose corn syrup or HFCS

High fructose corn syrup
high fructose corn syrup#English

(Canada, cooking) High fructose corn syrup.


maize syrup

maize syrup (countable and uncountable, plural maize syrups)

I love how sweet maize syrup is.


corn sugar

corn sugar (countable and uncountable, plural corn sugars)

Last week, the industry group applied to the federal government for permission to use a new name for the ingredient on food labels: "corn sugar."

2010, “Corn sugar makers hope you'll but the new name”, in NPR:

The Corn Refiners Association wants to use "corn sugar" as an alternative name for the widely used liquid sweetener currently labeled as high fructose corn syrup on most sodas and packaged foods.

2011, Thomas Watkins, “'Corn sugar' is false advertising, FDA warns”, in Associated Press:

In April, eight leading sugar companies and two trade associations sued six corn processors and a lobbying group, alleging the corn industry is improperly using the term "corn sugar" in advertisements and elsewhere to describe high-fructose corn syrup, a widely used sweetener used in snack foods, condiments, fruit drinks and other products.

2011, Ashby Jones, “'Corn Sugar' Goes On Trial As Suit Debates High-Fructose Corn Syrup”, in The Wall Street Journal:

The Food and Drug Administration has cautioned the corn industry over its use of the term "corn sugar" to describe high fructose corn syrup before the proposed new name has received regulatory approval.

2011, “FDA warns industry over 'corn sugar' label”, in Star Tribune, archived from the original on 2011-09-29:

high fructose corn syrup
high fructose corn syrup

A deceptive term for high fructose corn syrup developed by corn refiners meant to imply sugar.


high fructose corn syrup

high fructose corn syrup (usually uncountable, plural high fructose corn syrups)

In 1982, high fructose corn syrup production amounted to 8.4 billion pounds with a value well in excess of one billion dollars.

Let's take a look at the sweetener used in most soft drinks, high fructose corn syrup.

Sucrose is just as bad as high fructose corn syrup," maintains Dr. Ludwig, an associate professor of pediatrics at Harvard

Not because high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is any worse for you than sugar, but because it is, like many of the other unfamiliar ingredients in packaged

enzymatic processing
enzymatic processing

(chiefly US) A type of corn syrup that has undergone an enzymatic processing to convert some of its glucose into fructose in order to produce a desired sweetness.


underleaf

(obsolete) A prolific kind of cider apple.


knotberry

From knot + berry, because of its knotted stems.

Rubus chamaemorus
Rubus chamaemorus#Translingual

(archaic) The cloudberry, Rubus chamaemorus.


corn roast

(US) An outdoor celebration in which corn is cooked on open fires.


corn whiskey

corn whiskey (countable and uncountable, plural corn whiskeys)

(US) A whiskey distilled from a mash made up of not less than 80% corn (maize).


jarnut

Of Scandinavian origin: compare Danish jordnöd.

Bunium bulbocastanum
Bunium bulbocastanum#Translingual


nepeta

1997 October 13, New York: Interior Design ′97, page 79,
NICE DIGS: Tomato tepees, nepeta, strawberries, and herbs in raised beds billow onto the gravel walk; a neat lattice camouflages a propane tank.

2006 Spring, Early Homes, page 42,
The property is now protected by deer fencing, but Nancy spent many years experimenting with plants that are deer resistant, such as lavender, nepeta (catmint), and peonies.

2007 May-June, Old House Interiors, page 103,
TOP. Mirror-image borders in Hampshire, with purple nepeta, carmine-red geraniums, and yellow thalictrum.

(botany) Any plant of the genus Nepeta of flowering plants, including catnip.


banewort

Atropa belladonna
Atropa belladonna#Translingual

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909


kippernut

(archaic) Any of several kinds of earthnut.

Bunium bulbocastanum (black cumin) of the Apiaceae.


egriot

From French aigrette, griotte, formerly agriote. Compare aigre (“sour”).

the cœur-cherry, which inclineth more to white, is sweeter than the red; but the egriot is more sour

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “VI. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:


cutcherry

Borrowed from Tamil கச்சேரி (kaccēri, “office, administrative office”).

bor+

The cutcherry clerks and the police are with him everywhere; higher native officials are often on his side.

1914, George Robert Aberigh-Mackay, Twenty-One Days in India; and, the Teapot Series:

He went to the cutcherry and enrolled himself as a muktear (attorney) and soon the litigants and the magistrates found out how clever he was and he acquired a big practice.

1909, Cecil Henry Bompas, Folklore of the Santal Parganas:

--Since the first edition was published, I have been told by a late officer of the Ceylon Government, that many years ago, what remained of the Dutch records were removed from the record-room of the Colonial Office to the cutcherry of the government agent of the western province: where some of them may still be found.

1860, James Emerson Tennent, Ceylon; an Account of the Island Physical, Historical, and:


sweetroot

en-noun

sweetroot (countable and uncountable, plural sweetroots)

Like other members of this large family, sweetroot presents its tiny flowers in terminal, umbrella-shaped inflorescences that do little to assure us that the plant is not the deadly water hemlock (Cicula douglasii)

1997, Gregory L. Tilford, Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West, Sweetroot, Osmorrhiza occidentalis, page 142:

The plant is sometimes confused with Osmorhiza chilensis (western sweetroot), which often shares the same habitat. However, unlike red baneberry, sweetroot has a strong licorice-like odor.

2009, Ray S. Vizgirdas, Edna M. Rey-Vizgirdas, Wild Plants of the Sierra Nevada, page 64:

western sweet cicely
western sweet cicely#English

western sweetroot
western sweetroot#English

western sweet cicely, western sweetroot (Osmorhiza occidentalis)


marrubium

Any of the genus Marrubium of bitter aromatic plants; horehound.


navelwort

navelwort (countable and uncountable, plural navelworts)

Venus's navelwort

syn. Cotyledon umbilicus; Omphalodes linifolia

Umbilicus rupestris
Umbilicus rupestris#Translingual

Certain plants with features reminiscent of a human navel.

Umbilicus spp., especially Umbilicus rupestris), a European perennial succulent herb with round, peltate leaves with a central depression.

Omphalodes spp., with seeds reminiscent of a navel.

Marsh pennywort, herbs of genera Hydrocotyle or Centella.


hederaceous

en-adj

hederaceous (comparative more hederaceous, superlative most hederaceous)

more hederaceous (comparative)
most hederaceous (superlative)

(rare) Of, pertaining to, or resembling ivy.


redstreak

the Summer and the Winter, the Yellow and the Red , and the more green Redstreak

1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:

A kind of apple with the skin streaked with red and yellow, a favourite English cider apple.


whortle

From Middle English hurtil, hurtle, from Old English horte (“whortleberry”) (plural hortan) but of unknown ultimate origin.

[…] winding to the southward, he stopped his little nag short of the crest, and got off and looked ahead of him, from behind a tump of whortles.

1869, Richard Doddridge Blackmore, Lorna Doone:


open-arse

From Middle English open-ers, from Old English openears, corresponding to open + arse, ‘with allusion to the large cavity at the end of the fruit between the persistent calyx lobes’ – OED3.

In several of our counties the same fruit is called an open arse; another of those unluckily belotted travesties of a very properly-expressed original phrase [...].

1837, John Bellenden Kerr, An Essay on the Archaeology of our Popular Phrases and Nursery Rhymes, vol II.1:

On a second reading, prompted by the reproaches of several friends and scholars, I conclude that the pun on medlar, slangily known as ‘an open-arse’, and poperin pear, shape-resembling penis and scrotum, is so forcibly obvious that ‘an open et-caetera’ must here mean ‘an open arse’.

1968, Eric Partridge, Shakespeare's Bawdy, Routledge, published 2002, page 129:


creeping Charlie

Lysimachia nummularia
Lysimachia nummularia#Translingual

Glechoma hederacea
Glechoma hederacea#Translingual

(US) Swedish ivy (Plectranthus verticillatus), in the mint family, a popular houseplant

(US) Pilea nummulariifolia, a houseplant in the nettle family


moonwort

Moonwort is an herb which they say will open locks, and unshoe such horses as tread upon it.

1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society, published 2007, page 194:

A small fern, Botrychium lunaria (lesser moonwort); later, any member of the genus.


cornshuck

(US, colloquial) The husk covering an ear of Indian corn.


mint chocolate chip

As exemplified by a peppermint patty or a bowl of mint chocolate-chip ice cream, mint is the chocolate lover’s herb.

2000, Jerry Traunfeld, The Herbfarm Cookbook, Scribner, →ISBN, page 406:

This cake is an ode to York Peppermint Patties, Andes Mints (swiped from your grandmother’s candy bowl), and mint–chocolate chip ice cream.

2015, Jean Sagendorph, Jessie Sheehan, Icebox Cakes: Recipes for the Coolest Cakes in Town, San Francisco, Calif.: Chronicle Books, →ISBN, page 24:

On the way home, we stopped at Rite Aid so the kids could get their double scoops, though once again they were out of mint chocolate chip.

2020, Marla Jo Fisher, Frumpy Middle-Aged Mom: Dispatches from the Front Lines of Motherhood, Prospect Park Books, →ISBN:

An ice cream flavor with a spearmint or peppermint base and chocolate chips.


use a sledgehammer to crack a nut

en-verb

use a sledgehammer to crack a nut (third-person singular simple present uses a sledgehammer to crack a nut, present participle using a sledgehammer to crack a nut, simple past and past participle used a sledgehammer to crack a nut)

uses a sledgehammer to crack a nut (present singular third-person)
using a sledgehammer to crack a nut (participle present)
used a sledgehammer to crack a nut (participle past)
used a sledgehammer to crack a nut (past)

/ˌjuːz‿ə ˈslɛd͡ʒhæmə tə ˌkɹæk‿ə ˈnʌt/

/ˌjuz‿ə ˈslɛd͡ʒhæmɚ tə ˌkɹæk‿ə ˈnʌt/

En-au-use a sledgehammer to crack a nut.ogg

The analogy dates back to at least the middle of the 19th century: see, for example, this quotation from Levi Carroll Judson’s work Sages and Heroes of the American Revolution (1851): “He at once became the nucleus around which a band of patriots gathered and formed a nut too hard to be cracked by the sledgehammer of monarchy.”

nb...

In Two Parts: Including the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. Two Hundred and Forty Three of the Sages and Heroes are Presented in Due Form: And Many Others are Named Incidentally.

This last mentioned consideration involves the concept in Community law (derived principally from German law) called "proportionality". In plain English it means "You must not use a steam hammer to crack a nut, if a nutcracker would do."

[1983 January 20, Lord Diplock [i.e., Kenneth Diplock, Baron Diplock], Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, House of Lords, “Regina, respondent, and Goldstein, appellant [[1983] 1 W.L.R. 151]”, in The Weekly Law Reports, volume 1, London: Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 155:

Today, Mr [Anthony] Worthington, an engineer, said: 'Sending three officers over simply to give a warning about kids playing football in the street is like using a sledgehammer to crack a nut.[…]'

2010 September 21, “‘A sledgehammer to crack a nut’: Three police officers and a patrol car rush to … children playing football in the street”, in Daily Mail, London: DMG Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-06:

In our view the Public Order Bill is an attempt by the Government to use a sledgehammer to crack a nut. At a time when we should be focusing on rebuilding trust in the police, this Bill risks stoking further mistrust and undermining their vital role in protecting the public.

2022 December 17, Martin Evans, quoting Mike Barton et al., “Law to curb Just Stop Oil protests ‘a sledgehammer to crack a nut’, say ex-police chiefs”, in Chris Evans, editor, The Daily Telegraph, London: Telegraph Media Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-02-18:

(intransitive, Australia, British, New Zealand, idiomatic, informal) To use disproportionate or significantly excessive force to carry out an action; to do something overzealously.

to use disproportionate or significantly excessive force to carry out an action

高射炮打蚊子 (gāoshèpào dǎ wénzi, literally “to use an anti-aircraft gun to hit a mosquito”)

割鸡焉用牛刀 (gējī yān yòng niúdāo, literally “when killing a chicken, why use an ox cleaver?”)

牛鼎烹鸡 (niúdǐngpēngjī, literally “to use a cauldron for a cow to cook a chicken”)

ಗುಬ್ಬಿ ಮೇಲೆ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಾಸ್ತ್ರ (gubbi mēle brahmāstra, literally “to strike a sparrow with the brahmāstra”)

пали́ть из пу́шки по воробья́м impf (palítʹ iz púški po vorobʹjám, literally “to fire a cannon at sparrows”)

పిచ్చుక మీద బ్రహ్మాస్త్రము (piccuka mīda brahmāstramu, literally “to strike a sparrow with the brahmāstra”)

ขี่ช้างจับตั๊กแตน (kìi-cháang-jàp-dták-gà-dtɛɛn, literally “to ride an elephant to catch a grasshopper”)

when your only tool is a hammer, every problem looks like a nail


mangcorn

From Middle English, from Old English mengen (“to mix”). See mingle, and corn.

Even in other parts of the country mangcorn, and rye, not pure wheat, were the chief products.

1910, Henrik Marczali, Hungary in the Eighteenth Century, page 55:

Mangcorn (mixed grains, especially wheat and rye) in 1916, 438,128 tons; in 1917, 395.988 tons; […]

1918, Commerce Reports of the United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, page 1183

Mangcorn is utilized partly as human food, and partly as fodder for cattle, especially for fattening swine, for which purpose it is considered peculiarly adapted.

1923, Norwegian Trade Review, numbers 6-8, page 39:

(obsolete) A mixture of wheat and rye, or other species of grain, sown together as one crop.


natchnee

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana#Translingual

(archaic) An annual grass, Eleusine coracana, native to Africa. It is cultivated in India for grain.


amaracus

Then to the bower they came, / Naked they came to that smooth-swarded bower, / And at their feet the crocus brake like fire, / Violet, amaracus, and asphodel, / Lotos and lilies: and a wind arose, / And overhead the wandering ivy and vine, / This way and that, in many a wild festoon / Ran riot, garlanding the gnarled boughs / With bunch and berry and flower thro' and thro'.

1842, Tennyson, “Oenone”, in The Lady of Shallot and other poems:


ulluco

Ullucus tuberosus, a vegetable of South America with edible roots and leaves.


Gravenstein

Named after a place in Schleswig, Germany.

A variety of autumn apple with deep red or orange streaks.


ammoniacum

From Middle English armoniacum, from Latin ammōniacum, armōniacum.

gum ammoniac, a resin exuded from several species of Ferula.


ohelo

Ohelo Vaccinium reticulatum (and V. peleanum) and kukaenene Coprosma ernodeoides […] are the most important berries in the Nenes' diet, and it is probably from such juicy fruit that much of their water intake comes.

1980, Janet Kear, A. J. Berger, “The Hawaiian Goose or Nene”, in The Hawaiian Goose: An Experiment in Conservation, Calton, Staffordshire: T. & A. D. Poyser, →ISBN; reprinted London: T. & A. D. Poyser, 2010, →ISBN, page 42:

Growing on nearly bare lava flows, the flora includes small relatives of the familiar cranberry: the ohelo carries a bright red, succulent berry that was once a staple item in the diet of the nene, the Hawaiian goose.

2004, Richard [Alan] Fortey, The Earth: An Intimate History, London: HarperCollins, →ISBN; republished London: Folio Society, 2011, →OCLC, page 37:

A small red or yellow berry growing on the shrub Vaccinium reticulatum of volcanic parts of the Hawaiian islands of Hawaii and Maui, or the shrub itself.


ambrose

Stachys semeth to Gesner to be the herbe that we cal in english Ambrose , & I deni not but that it may be a kynde of it. Howe be it I haue sene the true Italian staches, whiche hath narower and whyter leaues then Ambrose hath.

1548, William Turner, The Names of Herbes:

A sweet-scented herb; ambrosia (Dysphania botrys).


snow apple

In color and form the Shiawassee Beauty mostly resembles the Snow apple, but attains a larger size and is more tart, hence better for culinary purposes.

1873, “The Shiawassee Beauty”, in Annual Report of the Secretary of the State Horticultural Society, page 461:

Hundreds of thousands of the snow apple seeds have been planted, giving hundreds of thousands of first-rate exemplar apples with an occasional superman, like the McIntosh red.

1915, Robert Tuttle Morris, Microbes and Men, page 478:

An heirloom variety of apple, with white flesh.


bruisewort

en-noun

bruisewort (usually uncountable, plural bruiseworts)

Any plant supposed to heal bruises, such as soapwort or comfrey.


fistinut

Compare Turkish fıstık / فستق. See pistachio.

The Pistacia mutica (fistinut tree), Cercis siliquastrum, Vitex agnus and othr^([sic]) Mediterranian^([sic]) species of trees are characteristic for the Southern coast of the Crimea, from the Cape Aya to Kisiltash.

1930, Guide-book for the Excursion of the Second International Congress of Soil Science, volume 1, Moscow: Organizing Committee of the Second International Congress of Soil Science, Public Office of the State Planning Committee of the USSR, page 33:


asarabacca

asarabacca (usually uncountable, plural asarabaccas)

Asarum europaeum
Asarum europaeum#Translingual

An acrid herbaceous plant, Asarum europaeum, the leaves and roots of which are emetic and cathartic.


felonwort

From felon + wort, from its supposed efficacy in treating felons ("inflammations around the nail").

Solanum dulcamara
Solanum dulcamara#Translingual

Bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara).


prangos

From the native name in the vicinity of Tibet, northern India, or Pakistan.

(botany) Any of the genus Prangos of umbelliferous plants.


cornsheller

A machine that separates the kernels of corn from the cob.


horsemint

horsemint (countable and uncountable, plural horsemints)

From Middle English horsmynte, from Old English horsminte, equivalent to horse + mint.

(UK) Wild mint (Mentha sylvestris, now Mentha longifolia).


white-heart

A somewhat heart-shaped cherry with a whitish skin.


fitweed

Eryngium foetidum
Eryngium foetidum#Translingual

Eryngium foetidum, a plant supposed to be a remedy for fits.


yamp

Probably related to yampah, from Shoshone.

An umbelliferous plant, Perideridia gairdneri, native to California, whose tubers were used as food by Native Americans.


brookweed

A small white-flowered herb (Samolus valerandi) usually found in wet places; the water pimpernel.


beetrave

Beta vulgaris
Beta vulgaris#Translingual

(archaic) The common beet, Beta vulgaris.


wholegrain

Best sources lean red meat, poultry, fish, dark green, leafy vegetables and wholegrain cereals.

2009 January 25, By Joanna Hall, “Teen tips for healthy eating”, in Herald Sun:

A cereal grain that contains cereal germ, endosperm, and bran, in contrast to refined grains, which retain only the endosperm.

بُرّ

cereal grain that contains germ, endosperm, and bran


Virgouleuse

From French virgouleuse, from Virgoulée, variant form of Villegoureix, a village in the Limousin province of France. Compare vergaloo.

Charles had stuffed his pockets with virguleus pears from the table and they ate these as they tramped through the streets which were running with the overflow of rain water from the open gutters.

1991, Lawrence Norfolk, Lemprière's Dictionary, Grove Press, published 1999, page 231:


gypsywort

From gypsy + wort. Gypsies were said to stain their skin with its juice.


ironwort

ironwort (usually uncountable, plural ironworts)

A herb of several species in the genus Sideritis, formerly believed to heal sword cuts.


dulcamarin

(organic chemistry) A glucoside extracted from the bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara).


blackheart

Blackheart malleable cast iron has excellent castability and machinability.

2013, V. B. Bhandari, Introduction to Machine Design, →ISBN, page 49:

A type of malleable cast iron with minimum tensile strength of 350 N/mm².


golding

head

golding (plural goldings or (obsolete) goldinges)

goldings (plural)
goldinges (obsolete plural)

First attested circa 1580; formed as gold + -ing.

(UK, North Midlands dialects) The corn marigold (Glebionis segetum).


cornfloor

"Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as other people: for thou hast gone a whoring from thy God, thou hast loved a reward upon every cornfloor."

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Hosea 9:1:


eryngium

(botany) Any of the genus Eryngium of umbelliferous plants resembling thistles.


diascordium

Medical Latin, from Ancient Greek διὰ σκορδίων (dià skordíōn), from σκόρδιον (skórdion, “scordium”).

uder

διὰ σκορδίων

Laudanum Paracelsi is prescribed in two or three grains, with a dram of diascordium, which Oswald. Crollius commends.

(obsolete, pharmacology) A medicine made from dried herbs, especially Teucrium scordium.


spike lavender

en-noun

spike lavender (usually uncountable, plural spike lavenders)

A strongly aromatic species of lavender, Lavandula latifolia, native to the Mediterranean.


Thai basil

Thai basil (countable and uncountable, plural Thai basils)

A type of sweet basil from Southeast Asia, notable for the anise/tarragon overtones in its flavor, and for the attractive purple color of the leaves and bracts in its flower spikes.


Vietnamese balm

A Southeast Asian herb used in food for its lemon flavor, especially in Vietnamese cuisine, Elsholtzia ciliata


arracacha

arracacha (countable and uncountable, plural arracachas)

Borrowed from Spanish, from Quechua raqacha.

A South American plant grown as a root vegetable, Arracacia xanthorrhiza

lakachu

Arracacia xanthorrhiza, a South American root vegetable


garland chrysanthemum

garland chrysanthemum (plural garland chrysanthemums)

Glebionis coronaria
Glebionis coronaria#Translingual

An herb eaten in Asia as greens, Glebionis coronaria.


lemon basil

lemon basil (countable and uncountable, plural lemon basils)

Any Southeast Asian basil of species Ocimum × citriodorum, notable for the lemon/citrus overtones to its flavor.


chiltoma

From Spanish chiltoma, from Nahuatl [Term?].


santol

Borrowed from Tagalog santol, likely from Malay sentul. Compare Pangasinan pantol.

A tropical Asian tree (Sandoricum koetjape).


bignay

A tree from the Philippines, which bears small, edible fruit in clusters, Antidesma bunius


lucmo

Borrowed from Spanish lúcuma, from Quechua rukma, luqma.

A fruit tree, Pouteria lucuma, from the Andean region of Peru, related to, and often confused with, the canistel.

lucume

a fruit tree, Pouteria lucuma, from the Andean region of Peru


jocote

Borrowed from Spanish jocote, from Classical Nahuatl.


star apple

While Giles had money to waste upon gambling marbles, thanks to his three acres of limes, pawpaw, star apples and melon.

2010, Andrea Levy, The Long Song, Tinder Press (2017), page 302:


water caltrop

An East Asian water plant with a horn-like nut, Trapa bicornis.

water chestnut

but best not used for this plant, to avoid confusion


New Zealand spinach

New Zealand spinach (countable and uncountable, plural New Zealand spinaches)

A plant whose leaves are used as spinach-like greens, Tetragonia tetragonioides


nangka

Artocarpus heterophyllus
Artocarpus heterophyllus#Translingual

(chiefly Philippines) jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)


Pacific blackberry

Pacific blackberry (plural Pacific blackberries)


Pacific dewberry

Pacific dewberry (plural Pacific dewberries)


California dewberry

California dewberry (plural California dewberries)


California blackberry

California blackberry (plural California blackberries)


Chehalem blackberry

Chehalem blackberry (plural Chehalem blackberries)


Santiam berry

California blackberry
California blackberry

A California blackberry and loganberry hybrid berry plant and its fruit

mora santiam

a California blackberry and loganberry hybrid berry plant and its fruit


Armenian blackberry

Armenian blackberry (plural Armenian blackberries)

Himalayan blackberry
Himalayan blackberry#English


Himalayan blackberry

Himalayan blackberry (plural Himalayan blackberries)

Rubus armeniacus, a blackberry species native to West Asia


Douglas berry

Rubus ursinus, a blackberry or dewberry species and its fruit.


Chehalem berry

Chehalem berry (plural Chehalem berries)

Himalayan blackberry
Himalayan blackberry

A Himalayan blackberry and Santiam berry hybrid berry plant and its fruit


Chinese kale

Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra#Translingual

Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra, kailan,: a long, blue-green vegetable with thick, glossy stems and leaves typically eaten in Chinese and particularly Cantonese cooking; gailan.


gailan

Borrowed from Cantonese 芥蘭／芥兰 (gaai3 laan4-2).

For quotations using this term, see Citations:gailan.


Chinese broccoli

Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra, kailan, a long, blue-green vegetable with thick, glossy stems and leaves typically eaten in Chinese and particularly Cantonese cooking; gailan.


corncutter

A machine for cutting up stalks of corn for cattle feed.


Chinese olive

The olive-shaped fruit of a Chinese tree, Canarium album, usually eaten dried or its seed eaten as a nut.


Chinese white pear

Chinese white pear (plural Chinese white pears)


Asian pear

Pyrus pyrifolia
Pyrus pyrifolia#Translingual

A fruit from species of pear from northeastern Asia, known better for their crisp, juicy texture than for their flavor

an apple pear or Chinese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)

a Chinese white pear (Pyrus × bretschneideri)


caimito

Synonym of star apple, a tropical tree and its fruit


apple pear

A fruit of a northeast-Asian species of pear with a crisp, juicy texture and an apple-like shape.


mammee apple

A South American fruit tree, Mammea americana, native to the Caribbean.


ambarella

/ˌæm.bəˈɹɛlə/

/ˌæm.bɚˈɛlə/

Borrowed from Sinhalese ඇඹරැල්ලා (æᵐbarællā).

Spondias dulcis
Spondias dulcis#Translingual

A tropical fruit tree native to the South Pacific (Spondias dulcis).


abiu

A South American tropical fruit tree, Pouteria caimito.


babaco

From Spanish babaco, from Old Tupi wawa'su.

A fruit tree, related to the papaya and native to mountainous areas of Ecuador, Vasconcellea × heilbornii


tan shen

The red sage or Chinese sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza)


bael

From Hindi बेल (bel), from Sanskrit बिल्व (bilva), विल्व (vilva), or बैल्व (bailva).

In the courtyard there were fruit and flowering trees appropriate for the worship of Mahadev, as also a bel tree.

2015, Govardhanram Tripathi, translated by Tridip Suhrud, Sarasvatichandra, Orient Black Swan, page 2:

Aegle marmelos
Aegle marmelos#Translingual

A tropical fruit tree from India, Aegle marmelos.


Oswego tea

Oswego tea (usually uncountable, plural Oswego teas)

Oswego (from an Iroquoian language) + tea.

Monarda didyma
Monarda didyma#Translingual

An American aromatic herb (Monarda didyma) with bright red labiate flowers; also called bee balm or bergamot.


henbit

A translation of Middle Low German or Dutch Hoenderbeet, from the name Almaignes Hoenderbeet.

Lamium amplexicaule, an annual plant with pink or purple flowers and deeply crenate leaves.

Henbit (disambiguation)
Lamium amplexicaule


porret

From Middle English poret, from Old French por(r)et, porete, from Medieval Latin porretum. See porraceous.

Why garlic, molyes, and porrets have white roots, deep green leaves, and black seeds?

1650, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC:


pityroid

en-adj

pityroid (comparative more pityroid, superlative most pityroid)

more pityroid (comparative)
most pityroid (superlative)

From Ancient Greek πίτυρον (píturon, “bran”) + -oid.

The ointment may also be applied drugs about whose ultimate destiny in the in pityroid and seborrhoic alopecia

Having the form of, or resembling, bran.


bitterweed

Any plant in the genus Ambrosia, especially Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed).


tunhoof

From Middle English tun-hōve, from Old English tūnhōfe from tūn + hōfe (“ground ivy”).


winter squash

So called because they are typically harvested in autumn/fall to be stored during winter.

Cucurbita maxima
Cucurbita maxima#Translingual

Any of numerous cultivars of four species of summer-growing vegetable of the genus Cucurbita

Cucurbita moschata
Cucurbita moschata#Translingual

Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita pepo#Translingual


frisée

en-noun

frisée (countable and uncountable, plural frisées)

Curly endive, a variety of endive, Cichorium endivia var. crispum.


cow parsnip

Any umbelliferous plant of genus Heracleum.


sorb apple

Sorbus domestica
Sorbus domestica#Translingual

A European fruit tree, Sorbus domestica, also called the service tree


bullwort

Bullwort is a difficult-to-control weed: in cereals, only sulfonylureas are effective.

2017, Michel Beckert, Yves Dessaux, Effects of Herbicide-Tolerant Crop Cultivation:


May Duke

Corruption of Médoc, the province in France where it is supposed to have originated.

Prunus cerasus
Prunus cerasus#Translingual

A large dark-red variety of cherry, cross between Prunus avium and Prunus cerasus.


amelcorn

From German Amelkorn: compare Middle High German amel, amer (“spelt”) and Latin amylum (“starch”), from Ancient Greek ἄμυλον (ámulon).

Triticum spelta
Triticum spelta#Translingual


thoroughwax

An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum rotundifolium) with perfoliate leaves.


bupleurum

Any of the genus Bupleurum of apiaceous plants.


hartwort

hartwort (usually uncountable, plural hartworts)

Tordylium maximum
Tordylium maximum#Translingual

A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium maximum) or any plant of genus Tordylium.


nicker nut

(archaic) The rounded seed of the nicker tree.


lady's cushion

lady's cushion (plural ladies' cushions)

A herb, the thrift (Armeria maritima) that grows in dense tufts.


alkekengi

Through French alkékenge, Spanish alquequenje, from Arabic كَاكَنْج (kākanj).


Guatemala grass

Guatemala grass (countable and uncountable, plural Guatemala grasses)

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909


olusatrum

From Latin holusatrum, olusatrum, from olus (“garden herb”) + ater (“black”).

(archaic) An umbelliferous plant, the common alexanders, found in Western Europe (Smyrnium olusatrum).


chess-apple

Sorbus torminalis
Sorbus torminalis#Translingual

(archaic) The wild service tree of Europe (Sorbus torminalis).


eryngo

eryngo (countable and uncountable, plural eryngos or eryngoes)

Ultimately from Latin ēryngion, from Ancient Greek ἠρύγγιον (ērúngion), from ἤρυγγος (ḗrungos).

For some ordinary broths made of Eringos or Sea-Holme, and Burstwort, which twice or thrice I have swallowed downe at the request of some Ladies, who, more kindely then my disease is unkind, offred me the moity of theirs, have equally seemed unto me as easie to take as unprofitable in operation.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, translated by John Florio, Essays, III.13:

Any other plant of the same genus, Eryngium.


spicewood

Lindera benzoin
Lindera benzoin#Translingual

An American shrub, the spicebush (Lindera benzoin), whose bark has a citrusy taste and odor.


interspecific plum

interspecific plum (plural interspecific plums)

A pluot or any of the other experimental or proprietary plum-apricot hybrid plants and their fruit.


peacotum

A blend of peach, apricot, and plum. A trademark.

A hybrid species of peach, apricot, and plum lineage.


pinder

Via Gullah from Kongo mpinda (“peanut”), also borrowed in Dutch as pinda.

(US, dialectal, especially Southern US) A peanut, the nut-like pod containing the edible seed(s) of a leguminous plant.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea#Translingual

(US, dialectal, especially Southern US) The plant, Arachis hypogaea, that bears peanuts.


pinder

From Middle English pindere, pyndere, pundere, pendere, from Old English *pyndere, from Old English pyndan (“pen up”), from pund (“pound, enclosure”). Equivalent to pend (“to pen”) + -er.

(obsolete) One who impounds; a poundkeeper.


cocoyam

From coco + yam, because old cocoyam was planted in coconut groves and resembled yams. New cocoyam was so named because it resembled old cocoyam.

Ampesi, intensely flavored stews or soups, are eaten with fufu, a firm, starchy dumpling made from plantains or cocoyam.

2007 March 30, “Street Level”, in Chicago Reader:

Xanthosoma sagittifolium
Xanthosoma sagittifolium#Translingual

New cocoyam: Xanthosoma, particularly Xanthosoma sagittifolium, or the edible root of that plant; malanga.


seek-no-further

Any of a number of kinds of North American apples, such as the Rambo apple or the Westfield Seek-No-Further


skirret

skirret (countable and uncountable, plural skirrets)

From Dutch suikerwortel (literally “sugar-root”).

der

An umbelliferous plant (Sium sisarum), cultivated for its sweet edible tuberous roots.


reinette

Coordinate term: pippin

Make choice of some small reinette apples, pare them, and prick them thoroughly with a coarse needle to render them as absorbent as possible; put them into a jar to stand inside a saucepan of boiling water, […]

1865, Georgiana Hill, How to Cook Apples: Shown in a Hundred Different Ways of Dressing that Fruit, page 48:

Then a flameproof casserole dish–preferably the flat type peculiar to Normandy–should be lined with sliced apple and onion. Reinette apples are supposed to be the best.

2011, Michael Bond, Monsieur Pamplemousse Hits the Headlines, Allison & Busby, →ISBN:

Any of various kinds of apple, mostly of French origin, characterized by russeting.


potatoe

Mr. Hyett submitted to the meeting the following account of a series of experiments which he had tried upon the cultivation of the potatoe during the season just ended[…]

1842, William Henry Hyett, “Experiments on the growth of the Potatoe”, in Journal of the Farmers' Club:

The Potatoe now in use, (Solanum tuberosum,) was brought to England by the Colonists sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh[…]

1846, Charles Palfray Bosson, chapter I, in Observations on the Potatoe, and a Remedy for the Potatoe Plague, page 3:

The potatoe plant in a state of health contains several ingredients, the most important of which are starch, albumen, and solanine.

1846, Alfred Smee, chapter III, in The potatoe plant, its uses and properties: together with the cause of the present malady, page 33:

On Tuesday, the 7th of August, about six, P.M., I was summoned to attend Miss M. E. H., aged 14, the messenger stating she had eaten the berries of the potatoe plant, portions of which she showed me.

1859 September 3, Thomas Morris, “Case of poisoning by potatoe-berries”, in British Medical Journal, →DOI, page 719:


multiplier onion

en-noun

multiplier onion (plural multiplier onions)


potato onion

A variety of onion, similar to the shallot but producing larger bulbs.


anchovy pear

A fruit, similar to mango in taste, from this tree


shampoo ginger

shampoo ginger (countable and uncountable, plural shampoo gingers)

Zingiber zerumbet
Zingiber zerumbet#Translingual

An Asian and Polynesian plant related to ginger, Zingiber zerumbet, whose inflorescence contains a substance used as a shampoo.


sicklewort

Prunella vulgaris
Prunella vulgaris#Translingual


alehoof

From Middle English ale-hōve from ale (it was used in beer and ale before the introduction of hops) + hōve (“ground-ivy”) (from Old English hōfe (“ground-ivy”)).

Glechoma hederacea
Glechoma hederacea#Translingual


shellbark

A hickory of species (Carya laciniosa), wihh outer bark loose and peeling.


hen's-foot

An umbelliferous plant, Caucalis platycarpos.


baldmoney

Apparently a corruption of Latin valdē bona (“very good”) (a plant mentioned in Leonhart Fuchs's Great Herbal). Earliest forms seem to come from an intermediate, unattested French form baudemoine (modern French baudremoine) and by analogy to the plant name agrimony.

Gentius king of Illyria was the first founder of this herbe, and the first that used it in medicine, for which cause it was called Gentian after his own name: in Greek, γεντιανή, which name also the apothecaries retaine unto this daie, and call it Gentiana: it is named in English Felwoort Gentian; Bitterwoort; Baldmoyne, and Baldmoney.

1597, John Gerard, Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes, Chapter 100: Of Felwoort, or Baldmoney , pages 350–352:

(obsolete) A Gentianeae tribe plant, gentian or felwort.


Polynesian arrowroot

A plant with starchy tubers used like arrowroot, Tacca leontopetaloides


catsfoot

From cat's + foot. For its obsolete figurative sense, see cat's-paw.

It is commonly called […] in English ground Iuie, Alehoofe, Gill creepe by ground, Tunehoofe, and Cats foote.

1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Ground Iuie, or Alefoot”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book II, page 705:

Synonym of ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea).


mad-apple

Because it was once thought to cause various diseases.


pepper sauce

pepper sauce (countable and uncountable, plural pepper sauces)


chili sauce

chili sauce (countable and uncountable, plural chili sauces)


cowish

An umbelliferous plant (Lomatium cous) with edible tuberous roots, found in Oregon, USA.


phasel

From Latin phaselus, phaseolus, from Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “a kind of bean”). Compare French phaséole, faséole, English fesels.

der

(obsolete) The French bean, or kidney bean.


bishop's-wort

Nigella damascena
Nigella damascena#Translingual

fennel flower or devil-in-the-bush (Nigella damascena)


sea fennel

Crithmum maritimum
Crithmum maritimum#Translingual


hognut

(US) A pignut or hickory tree (Carya glabra of family Juglandaceae).

Bunium bulbocastanum
Bunium bulbocastanum#Translingual

Black cumin of family Apiaceae. (Bunium bulbocastanum).

Certain rushpeas, particularly Hoffmannseggia glauca (syn. Hoffmannseggia densiflora) Indian rushpea, of the Fabaceae.


alligator pear

The "alligator" is likely an alteration of Spanish aguacate, perhaps influenced by the similarity in texture between the skin of the fruit and of an alligator.

There was a tree just behind which bore alligator pears, and all about were the cocoa-nuts which gave the land its revenue.

1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 52”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:

(dialectal, now chiefly Caribbean and Southern US, especially Louisiana) An avocado.


cassidony

Compare Latin cassidonium, French cassidoine. See chalcedony.

Lavandula stoechas
Lavandula stoechas#Translingual

goldilocks (Galatella linosyris, syn. Aster linosyris) and perhaps other plants related to the genus Gnaphalium or cudweed.


sea holm

en-noun

sea holm (countable and uncountable, plural sea holms)