pimiento

From Spanish pimiento (“bell pepper; later any pepper”), from Latin pigmentum (“coloring; colorful thing”), from pingō (“to paint”) and -mentum (suffix denoting instruments and results of actions). Doublet of pigment, piment, and pimento.

der

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

Synonym of pimento, a cultivar of Capsicum annuum.


winged bean

A tropical legume of species Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, having clusters of purple flowers and pods with four jagged wings


bad egg

An allusion to an egg that has gone bad or turned rotten.

(literal) An egg that has gone bad; a rotten egg.


pimento

Borrowed from Portuguese pimento (“bell pepper; later any pepper”), similar to Spanish pimiento, from Latin pigmentum (“coloring; colorful thing”), from pingo (“paint”) and -mentum (suffix denoting instruments and results of actions). Doublet of pigment, piment, and pimiento.

doublet

A red sweet pepper, a cultivar of Capsicum annuum, used to make relish, stuffed into olives, or used as spice.


orpine

From Old French orpin, Old French orpiment, from Latin auripigmentum (“orpiment”), from aurum (“gold”) + pigmentum (“pigment”).

Common Orpine rises up with diverse round, brittle stalks, thick set with fat and fleshy leaves without any order, and little or nothing dented about the edges; of a pale green colour.

1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society, published 2007, page 207:

A plant of orpine was often set by a young girl on her window sill on Midsummer Eve.

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 268:

Hylotelephium telephium
Hylotelephium telephium#Translingual

Any of several temperate succulent plants of the family Crassulaceae, that have clusters of purple flowers, especially Hylotelephium telephium.


feverfew

en-noun

feverfew (countable and uncountable, plural feverfews)

From Middle English feverfu, feverfeu, feverfugie, modified by folk etymology from either Old French fevrefue or Old English feferfuge, both from Latin febrifugia, from febris (“fever”) + fugō (“I drive away”). Doublet of febrifuge.

Tanacetum parthenium
Tanacetum parthenium#Translingual

A European aromatic perennial herb, Tanacetum parthenium (or Chrysanthemum parthenium or Pyrethrum parthenium), having daisy-like flowers; valued as a traditional medicine, especially for headaches.


Bartlett

The pear was named by Enoch Bartlett of Dorchester, Massachusetts, after himself.

A surname transferred from the given name from a pet form of Bartholomew.

A village, the county seat of Wheeler County, Nebraska.


Bartlett

The first bite into those Bartletts was intoxicating. The juice met your teeth with a gush.

1941, Emily Carr, chapter 15, in Klee Wyck:


beechnut

The small, triangular, edible nut of the beech tree.


Hedelfinger

A cultivar of the wild cherry, Prunus avium


flageolet

(music) A technique for playing stringed instrument that produces high-pitched overtones.


wild cherry

An uncultivated cherry tree of species Prunus avium, native to Europe and western Asia.

Prunus serotina
Prunus serotina#Translingual

A tree of species Prunus serotina, native to North America.

A tree of species Antidesma bunius, native to Southeast Asia and northern Australia


catmint

catmint (countable and uncountable, plural catmints)

From Middle English catt mynte, kattesminte, equivalent to cat + mint. The word’s appearance in early Middle English (c. 1230) and other Germanic languages (German Katzenminze, Icelandic kattarminta, Swedish kattmynta) means that it is very likely to have existed in Old English (as *cattes minte) as well.

Nepeta cataria
Nepeta cataria#Translingual

Synonym of catnip (the plant Nepeta cataria, or other members of the genus)


cornpone

cornpone (countable and uncountable, plural cornpones)

Coordinate term: corn pudding

The Harvard man went back into the kitchen and sat down at a rickety table covered with a red-checked oil-cloth. On it were spread the spoiled ham, a dish of poke salad, a corn pone, and a pot of weak coffee.

(US, Appalachia) A form of cornbread made without milk or eggs.


sea grape

sea grape (countable and uncountable, plural sea grapes)

Seaweeds in the genus Caulerpa, eaten in Southeast Asia, especially Caulerpa lentillifera and Caulerpa racemosa.


grist

grist (countable and uncountable, plural grists)

From Middle English grist, gryst, from Old English grist, gyrst (“the action of grinding, corn for grinding, gnashing”), of obscure origin: possibly from a pre-Germanic substrate language, or from a derivative of Proto-Germanic *gredaną (“to crunch”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to rub, grind”). Cognate with Old Saxon gristgrimmo (“gnashing of the teeth”), German Griesgram (“a grumbler, a grouch, peevishness, misery”), Old English gristel (“gristle”).

cog

Matter, as wise logicians say, / Cannot without a form subsist; / And form, say I, as well as they, / Must fail if matter brings no grist.

1719, Jonathan Swift, “The Progress of Beauty”, in The Poems of Jonathan Swift, D.D., volume 1:

(colloquial, obsolete) Supply; provision.


chokecherry

From choke + cherry, so called from the extreme astringency of the fresh fruit.

The youngster-loved chokecherry grows both as a bushy shrub and as a tree seldom higher than 22 feet, its branches bending with clusters of darkening red or blackish purple berrylike drupes . . .

1981, Bradford Angier, Field Guide to Medicinal Wild Plants:

Prunus virginiana
Prunus virginiana#Translingual

Any of several American wild cherry trees, especially Prunus virginiana.

черемха

Canada [by analogy with European bird cherry]


calamondin

Citrus × microcarpa
Citrus × microcarpa#Translingual

Citrofortunella mitis
Citrofortunella mitis

A small decorative evergreen citrus tree, of the hybrid Citrus × microcarpa (syn. ×Citrofortunella mitis), sometimes cultivated for its fruit.


McIntosh

en-proper noun

McIntosh (countable and uncountable, plural McIntoshes)

Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Mac an Tòisiche.

A number of places in the United States:

A city, the county seat of Corson County, South Dakota.


mashed potatoes

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mashed potatoes.wav

Mashed potatoes is (or are) my favorite starch dish.

(uncountable or in the plural) A dish consisting of potatoes that have been boiled, mashed to a pulpy consistency, and mixed with such ingredients as butter or milk.


cherry blossom

en-noun

cherry blossom (countable and uncountable, plural cherry blossoms)

The blossom or flower of the cherry tree, particularly the Japanese cherry (Prunus serrulata).


jojo

Reportedly coined on the spot by an employee of the Flavor-Crisp pressure fryer company at a Chicago trade show in the early 1960s. The potatoes were used to "clean the grease" between demonstrations of cooking chicken and fish, but customers unexpectedly started eating and enjoying them, leading someone to inquire what they were called.

If you're really hungry, be sure to try the wood-fired jojos (potato wedges).

2002, Karl Samson, Jane Aukshunas, Frommer's Washington State, page 288:

The cheesy jojos threaten to colonize every inch of my appetite but I hold back by only eating them once I am nearly full.

2011, Marissa Guggiana, Off the Menu: Staff Meals from America's Top Restaurants, page 223:

And perhaps George's best (un)kept secret is its fried chicken and jojos, which give Reel M Inn a run for its money.

2023, Andrea Damewood, "George's Corner Tavern", Willamette Week (Willamette, OR), 20 September 2023, page 11

(Northwestern US, British Columbia, chiefly in the plural) A seasoned, battered and fried potato wedge.


dittany

dittany (countable and uncountable, plural dittanies)

From Old French ditan (French dictame), from Latin dictamnum, from Ancient Greek δίκταμνον (díktamnon), reportedly from Δίκτη (Díktē, “Dicte”), a mountain in Crete on whose slopes the plant grew.

common dittany, stone mint, frost mint, American dittany

(US) A fragrant herb in the mint family native to the eastern United States, Cunila origanoides.


mashed potato

mashed potato (countable and uncountable, plural mashed potatoes)

Potato that has been boiled and mashed to a pulpy consistency.

Alternative form: Mashed Potato

(countable) A dance/dance move popular in Western culture the 1960s. It begins by stepping backward with one foot with that heel tilted inward. The foot is positioned slightly behind the other (stationary) foot. With the weight on the ball of the starting foot, the heel is then swivelled outward. The same process is repeated with the other foot.


Cadillac

From French Cadillac, from Occitan Cadilhac.
Most places or objects named Cadillac are named for Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, a French explorer who founded the eponymous city in Maine and later the city of Detroit, Michigan.

A city, the county seat of Wexford County, Michigan, United States.


canistel

From dialectal variant of Spanish canastillo (“small basket”), from Latin canistellum, diminutive of canistrum (“basket”).

A tropical tree, Pouteria campechiana, from Central America and the Caribbean, that bears a sweet oval fruit.

The fruit of this tree, having a musky odour.


boscage

boscage (countable and uncountable, plural boscages)

From the Middle English boskage, from the Old French boscage, from Vulgar Latin *boscāticum, from Late Latin boscus, from Frankish *busk (compare Middle Dutch busch), from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“forest, woods”).

der

(law) Mast-nuts of forest trees, used as food for pigs, or any such sustenance as wood and trees yield to cattle.


milo

en-noun

milo (countable and uncountable, plural milos)

Probably related to Portuguese milho (“millet”). In early European accounts, millet and sorghum were often confused.

When he does talk, it's always about the farm: the milo is doing poorly this year, the corn has a blight[…]


cornball

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cornball.wav

How large and inviting were the cornballs that piled the platter, and how crisp and glossy the braids and twists of molasses candy that mother and cousin had made when the little ones were snug in bed.

A ball of popped corn stuck together with soft candy from molasses or sugar.

(US, informal) An unsophisticated person.

Who's this cornball, man?

(US, African-American Vernacular, informal) A corny person; an uncool, stupid, or lame person.


beer nut

Possibly from the US trademark Beer Nuts (named for their intended use as a snack with beer), though the US brand is not sold in Australia.

2008, Tim Schenck, What Size are God's Shoes?: Kids, Chaos, and the Spiritual Life, page 37:
At the end of the party, the parents of the birthday boy handed me a party bag and my prize: a bag of beer nuts. I've since wondered what kind of parent would possibly give an eight-year-old beer nuts, but whatever. It was the seventies.


batology

From Ancient Greek βάτος (bátos, “blackberry”) + -ology.

uder

[…]more than another that has always been clearly recognized by British botanists, it is R. leucostachys, in spite of the various forms, which, before they were detected as hybrids, were often a puzzle to our predecessors in British batology.

1905, Berthold Seemann, editor, Journal of Botany: British and Foreign, volume 43, page 202:

Further knowledge of Rubus plant geography is steadily emerging, particular[ly] as co-workers such as D. Grant and T. Schofield are also contributing substantially to Yorkshire batology.

1999, The Naturalist, volumes 124-127, page 112:

In Species Plantarum, in 1753, Linnaeus identified two European species of Rubus within the large five-petaled family Rosa, thus beginning one of taxonomy′s largest studies — batology.

2005, Lisa Robertson, “Rubus Armeniacus: A Common Architectural Decorative Motif in the Temperate Mesophytic Region”, in Occasional Work and Seven Walks from the Office for Soft Architecture, page 125:

(botany) The scientific study of plants in the genus Rubus, commonly known as brambles.


butternut

en-noun

butternut (countable and uncountable, plural butternuts)

He made a delicious butternut soup.

Butternut squash
butternut squash#English

(informal outside South Africa) Butternut squash.


bird pepper

Capsicum baccatum
Capsicum baccatum#Translingual

A tropical American plant, Capsicum baccatum.


limequat

A citrus tree, a cross between a lime and a kumquat, Citrus × floridana


orangequat

Citrus aurantium
Citrus aurantium#Translingual

A citrus tree, a cross between an orange and a kumquat


korlan

Nephelium hypoleucum, a tropical tree of the Sapindaceae family.


iyokan

A citrus fruit from Japan, with a more bitter taste than an orange, Citrus × iyo.


guarana

From Brazilian Portuguese guaraná, from Guaraní guara-ná, from Sateré-Mawé warana.

A tree, Paullinia cupana, native to Venezuela and northern Brazil.


quetsch

quetsch (countable and uncountable, plural quetsches)

From French quetsche, from Lorraine German Quetsche (standard German Zwetschge), ultimately from Latin damascēna. Doublet of damson.


mamoncillo

Melicoccus bijugatus, a tree of the Sapindaceae family, native to Central and South America.


dillseed

The pungent seed of the dill plant, used as a flavouring.


jackfruit

jackfruit (plural jackfruits or jackfruit)

From Portuguese jaca (“jackfruit”), from Malayalam ചക്ക (cakka) / Tamil சக்கை (cakkai).

Artocarpus heterophyllus
Artocarpus heterophyllus#Translingual

A tree, Artocarpus heterophyllus, of the Moraceae family, which produces edible fruit.


bamboo shoot

(chiefly in the plural) The edible shoot of any of several species of bamboo (especially of the genera Dendrocalamus and Phyllostachys), cooked and eaten as a vegetable in Chinese and similar cuisine.


malanga

Any of several Central and South American plants, of the genus Xanthosoma; yautia.


black raspberry

black raspberry (plural black raspberries)

A plant belonging to either of two closely related species, Rubus leucodermis or Rubus occidentalis, both native to North America.


common bean

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual

An herbaceous annual plant (Phaseolus vulgaris), grown for its edible bean.


teff

teff (countable and uncountable, plural teffs)

Eragrostis tef
Eragrostis tef#Translingual

A love grass, Eragrostis tef, with small seeds, grown as a cereal and for forage in Ethiopia and parts of Arabia.


haricot

From French haricot, from Middle French haricot, a deverbal derivation of Old French harigoter (“to tear up, shred, slice up, slice into pieces”), from Frankish *hariōn (“to ruin, lay waste, ravage, plunder, destroy”), from Proto-Germanic *harjōną (“to plunder, lay waste, harry”). Cognate with Middle High German verheeren (“to harry”), Old English herġian (“to lay waste, ravage, plunder”). More at harry.

cog

/ˈhæɹ.ɪ.kəʊ/

/ˈɑːɹ.ɪ.kəʊ/

/ˈɑːɹ.ɪ.koʊ/


fingerling

From Middle English fyngyrlynge, equivalent to finger + -ling, from having the size of a human finger.

Oh, but those little crab-lingered fingerlings really wanted to get in! Now some were trying to claw up through an old knothole whose bole had aged and didn’t sit true in the plank. […] But here came the dwarf opening her door, and the spiderlets melted away.

2011, Gregory Maguire, “The Patchwork Conscience of Oz”, in Out of Oz (The Wicked Years), New York, N.Y.: William Morrow, →ISBN, page 160:

(by extension) Any finger-sized version of something typically larger.


aralia

Spikenard and any of many related ornamental and food plants, of the genus Aralia, from Asia and the Americas

aralia

any of the ornamental and food plants of the genus Aralia


brinjal

/ˈbɹɪnd͡ʒəl/

/ˈbɹɪnd͡ʒɒl/

Borrowed from Portuguese beringela, from Arabic بَاذِنْجَان (bāḏinjān), from Persian بادنجان (bâdenjân), from Sanskrit वातिगगम (vātiga-gama, “eggplant”), from Proto-Dravidian *waẓVtV. Doublet of aubergine.

der

Arabic بَاذِنْجَان (bāḏinjān)

Hindustan produces abundance of wheat, and throughout India the natives are plentifully supplied with vegetables and fruit; the brinjal, tomato, yam, carrot, radish, onion, garlic, spinach cabbage, nowkohl, cucumbers, and other gourds, may be mentioned among the former

1858, George Trevor, India, an historical sketch, page 14:

(South Asia, Malaysia, South Africa, Singapore) An aubergine or eggplant.


epazote

From Spanish epazote, from Classical Nahuatl epazōtl.

Dysphania ambrosioides
Dysphania ambrosioides#Translingual

A pungent herb used in Latin-American cooking and tea making, and in folk medicine; Dysphania ambrosioides.


seed corn

(agriculture) Seed that is saved from one year's harvest for the subsequent year's planting, rather than being used to make flour etc.


marasca

Prunus cerasus
Prunus cerasus#Translingual

A European cultivar of the wild cherry, Prunus cerasus, that bears bright red fruit used for making maraschino.


estragon

en-noun

estragon (countable and uncountable, plural estragons)

Borrowed from French estragon (“tarragon”). Doublet of tarragon.


umbellifer

Any plant of the family Apiaceae, also called Umbelliferae, whose inflorescence is an umbel, such as a carrot or celery.

skærmplante

any plant of the family Apiaceae/Umbelliferae


peperoncini

Stir in sugar, parsley and peperoncini.

2007 February 21, “Recipe: Zappa Family Spaghetti Sauce”, in New York Times:

A spicy variety of pepper used in Greek and Italian cuisine.


sweetleaf

sweetleaf (countable and uncountable, plural sweetleafs)

Any plant of the genus Stevia, from which stevia is extracted.

Sauropus androgynus, a plant of the family Phyllanthaceae whose leaves may be used as a potherb.

Symplocos tinctoria, an evergreen shrub or small tree in the southeastern United States.

Monarda fistulosa
Monarda fistulosa#Translingual

Monarda fistulosa, wild bergamot, a medicinal and ornamental herb.


whortleberry

An alteration of Middle English hurtilbery, hurtil-beri (see English hurtleberry), analysable as whortle + berry. Compare English huckleberry.

Vaccinium myrtillus
Vaccinium myrtillus#Translingual

Any of several shrubs belonging to the genus Vaccinium:

Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry or blue whortleberry);

Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vaccinium vitis-idaea#Translingual

Vaccinium vitis-idaea (lingonberry or red whortleberry);

Vaccinium uliginosum
Vaccinium uliginosum#Translingual

Vaccinium uliginosum (bog whortleberry or bilberry).


baneberry

red baneberry)

Actaea rubra (syn. Actaea erythrocarpa); chinaberry

A flowering plant of the genus Actaea (syn. Cimicifuga).


tomatillo

tomatillo (plural tomatillos or tomatilloes)

tomatillos (plural)
tomatilloes (plural)

Borrowed from Spanish tomatillo, diminutive of tomate (“tomato”), ultimately from Classical Nahuatl tomatl.

A plant of the nightshade family originating in Mexico, Physalis philadelphica, cultivated for its tomato-like green to green-purple fruit surrounded by a thin papery skin.


delicata

So named because of its delicate skin that does not need to be peeled before cooking and can be eaten.

But once you've tasted the sweet flesh of a delicata or slipped the strands of a spaghetti squash out of its shell, you'll never again regard winter squash as merely an agricultural art piece.

1992 October 5, Nanette Blanchard, “Autumn's Glory”, in Vegetarian Times, page 67:

You will need one medium butternut or two or three delicatas.

2004, Jack Bishop, Richard G. Jung, “Winter Squash Risotto with Sage and Parmesan”, in A Year in a Vegetarian Kitchen, →ISBN, page 354:

The best winter squashes (delicata, for example) have edible skins and are amazing just chunked and roasted with a little oil[…].

2009 January 17, Mark Bittman, “Stale spices, canned beans are no-nos for new year”, in Toronto Star:

(Canada, US) An heirloom variety of winter squash, oblong in shape and having a cream-colored skin with green stripes


daikon

Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus L.H. Bailey

Jiko was washing these big white daikons, and I was cutting them up and salting them and putting them into plastic freezer bags.

2013, Ruth Ozeki, A Tale for the Time Being, Canongate Books (2019), page 188:

Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus#Translingual

Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativus#Translingual

An East Asian cultivar or subspecies of garden radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, syn. Raphanus sativus) bearing a large, white, carrot-shaped taproot consumed throughout East and South Asia but grown in North America primarily as a fallow crop for its fast-growing leaves (used as animal fodder) and as a soil ripper.

(Japanese cuisine) The usual Japanese cultivar, Japanese radish.


isot

From Turkish isot, from ısı (“heat”) + ot (“grass”).

The best time to dry isot in Urfa is between September and November when the sun is less hot.

2015 October 6, Engin Akin, Essential Turkish Cuisine, Abrams, →ISBN, page 28:

For this purpose, inhibitory effects on the Helicobacter pylori urease of ethanolic extracts of spices such as thyme, clove, isot pepper, turmeric, mint, black sesame and cinnamon purchased from herbalist were investigated as a screening study.

2017 May 12, Mehmet Kemal, Sevgi Kolayli, Şengül Alpay Karaoğlu, Nimet Baltaş, “The Role of Spices in the Treatment of Heliobacter Pylori”, in Abstract Book of I. International Congress of Medical and Aromatic Plants: "Natural and Healthy Life", →ISBN, page 1100:

Şanlıurfa was a hub for the barter of sheep and goats into and out of the Middle East; its famed isot pepper was an import from present-day Syria.

2017 October 10, Robyn Eckhardt, Istanbul and Beyond: Exploring the Diverse Cuisines of Turkey, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 210:


chiltepin

From Nahuatl; the first element is chilli (“pepper”), the second is tecpin (“flea”).

A wild chile pepper variety, Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum, found in Mexico and the southwestern US.


Donovan

From Irish Ó Donndubháin (“descendant of (a person named) brown & black”), from donn (“brown”) and dubh (“black”).

bor

A village in Beaver Township, Iroquois County, Illinois, United States.


genipap

Borrowed from Portuguese genipapo, jenipapo, from Old Tupi îanypaba.
The Tupi meaning of the word is variously given as yandi-pawa or yandi-pab "fruit for painting", yandi-ibá-pab "fruit of the extremities for painting", and without citation or explanation, "breast of an old woman".

The North and South American tree Genipa americana of the family Rubiaceae.


acai

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese açaí, borrowed from Nheengatu wasaí.

etymon

acai berry, the fruit of these trees, harvested for its juice.


kundru

A gherkin-like vegetable, Coccinia grandis, from Southern India and Indo-China.


heal-all

en-noun

heal-all (countable and uncountable, plural heal-alls)

Widely used in Argentina as a heal-all, propoleum is found in a variety of forms, from candies to syrups.

1996, Public Health Reports, volume 111, number 4, page 554:


selfheal

Inherited from Middle English selfhele, selfehale, sylfhele, from Old English self-hǣlu, equivalent to self + heal.

Prunella vulgaris
Prunella vulgaris#Translingual

A small, herbaceous European plant with blue-violet flowers from any species of genus Prunella.


scrog

scrog (countable and uncountable, plural scrogs)

Compare scrag, or Scottish Gaelic sgrogag (“anything shriveled”), from sgrag (“to compress, shrivel”).

cog

(Scotland, countable) The crab-apple tree.


pollard

From poll (“head, scalp”) + -ard. The coin sense derives from the original penny's uncrowned obverse bust, as opposed to the laurel-wreathed form appearing on the rosary. The verb derives from the noun.

(now Australia) A fine grade of bran including some flour. The fine cell layer between bran layers and endosperm, used for animal feed.


Barbados cherry

en-noun

Barbados cherry (plural Barbados cherries)


acerola

/æ.səˈɹəʊ.lə/

From Spanish acerola. Doublet of azarole.

Any tree of species Malpighia glabra, of the West Indies and northern South America.


cowbane

cowbane (usually uncountable, plural cowbanes)

Cicuta virosa
Cicuta virosa#Translingual

Cicuta virosa, type species of this genus.


Orin

A male given name from Irish of obscure origin, possibly a variant of Oren or Oran.


guayaba

Etymology tree
Taíno *wayababor.
Spanish guayababor.
English guayaba
From Spanish guayaba, from Taíno *wayaba. Doublet of guava, by which it has been largely displaced.


black cardamom

An Asiatic plant of species Amomum subulatum, whose pods are used as a spice in Indian cuisine.


pippin

Probably from Middle English pipin (“a seed”), as being raised from the seed.

Any of several varieties of eating apple that have a yellow or green skin with patches of red.


piñon

en-noun

piñon (countable and uncountable, plural piñons or piñones)

They planted a few piñons.

The hills were covered with clusters of piñon.

On the mountains a few junipers and piñons are found, and cactuses, agave, and yuccas, low, fleshy plants with bayonets and thorns.

1895, J[ohn] W[esley] Powell, chapter I, in Canyons of the Colorado, Meadville, PA: Flood & Vincent; republished as The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons, New York: Dover, 1961, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 22:

Anglos call it a “kiva fireplace” and put several in every Santa Fe style building, carefully burning piñon firewood upright in the approved local manner.

1994, Stewart Brand, How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They’re Built, New York: Viking, →ISBN, page 146:

(uncountable, countable) Any of several species of North American pines in Pinus subsect. Cembroides that bear edible seeds (pine nuts), especially Pinus edulis; the nut pine.


drupelet

From drupe (“stone fruit”) + -let (diminutive suffix). Compare Late Latin drupella (“small ripe olive”).

cog

It is best to pick the berries while all drupelets are of a consistent, dark red coloration.

The passengers on the chock-full boat were packed across the deck like drupelets.

Aggregated Fruits are close clusters of simple fruits all of the same flower. The raspberry and blackberry are good examples. In these, each grain is a drupelet or stone-fruit, like a cherry or peach on a very small scale.

1858, Asa Gray, “How Plants are Propagated or Multiplied in Numbers”, in Botany for Young People and Common Schools. How Plants Grow, a Simple Introduction to Structural Botany. […], New York, N.Y.: Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, & Co., →OCLC, section IV (Fruit and Seed), § 1 (Seed-vessels), paragraph 244, page 81:

The fruits of the genus Rubus (blackberry, raspberry) are aggregates of small drupes (drupelets) upon the receptacle of a single flower, each drupelet from a single pistil.

1931, A[lbert] S[pear] Hitchcock, “Fruits and Seeds”, in Field Work for the Local Botanist, Washington, D.C.: Published by the author […]; composed and printed at the Waverley Press, Inc. […], →OCLC, page 22:

Each fertilized pistil/ovule will develop into a fleshy drupelet containing one seed (a pyrene). Erect and semi-erect blackberry cultivars produce fruit with relatively large pyrenes compared to those of trailing blackberries.

2017, Bernadine C. Strik, “Growth and Development”, in Harvey K. Hall, Richard C. Funt, editors, Blackberries and Their Hybrids (Crop Production Science in Horticulture; 26), Wallingford, Oxfordshire, Boston, Mass.: CABI, →ISBN, page 29:

(botany) One of the small drupe-like subdivisions which compose the outer layer of certain fruit such as blackberries or raspberries.

drupennig

one of the small drupe-like subdivisions which compose the outer layer of certain fruit


bakeapple

Supposedly from French baie, qu'appelle which roughly translates as "what's the name of that berry". This is very liably folk etymology, though—the more obvious derivation bake + apple, influenced by bake in composite words, is suggested by the Oxford English Dictionary.

Rubus chamaemorus
Rubus chamaemorus#Translingual

(Atlantic Canada) The cloudberry, Rubus chamaemorus


epos

From Shasta ip'-haws (“Perideridia spp tubers”).

der

The tuber of any one of several edible species of Perideridia spp.


arborio rice

/ɑːˈbɔːɹɪ.əʊ ˈɹaɪs/

/ɑɹˈbɔɹi.oʊ ˈɹaɪs/

Borrowed from Italian arborio, from Arborio, a town in Piedmont; the toponym is most likely linked to Latin arboreus (“wooden, tree-like”). Compare English arboreous.

A tasting of risottos prepared with different rices — including arborio, carnaroli and vialone nano — will be on the menu, at $45 a person: (212) 265-5959.

2007 February 28, Florence Fabricant, “Food Calendar”, in New York Times:

A northern Italian variety of short-grained starchy rice with a white dot at the center of each grain, commonly used in risotto.


Hermann

From the German and Jewish surname, from Hermann. Compare Harman, Herman.

Gasconade County
Gasconade County#English

A city, the county seat of Gasconade County, Missouri, United States.


cow parsley

Anthriscus sylvestris
Anthriscus sylvestris#Translingual

Anthriscus sylvestris, a weedy biennial umbellifer native to the Old World.


pinto bean

From Spanish pinto (“painted”), named for its mottled skin.

(US, usually in the plural) Any bean of several varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), common in the US and Mexico.


pulegone

(organic chemistry) A monoterpenoid ketone, found in pennyroyal, that is toxic to dogs and cats


pudina

A form of mint, Mentha arvensis, found in parts of India and Pakistan and used in tea and cooking.


danewort

en-noun

danewort (countable and uncountable, plural daneworts)

From Dane + wort, since it was traditionally believed to grow on battlegrounds of the Danes.

Sambucus ebulus
Sambucus ebulus#Translingual

A European dwarf version of the elder, Sambucus ebulus, that has a bad smell


matki

(India) The plant Vigna aconitifolia, moth bean.


dusty miller

Silene coronaria
Silene coronaria#Translingual

Lychnis coronaria
Lychnis coronaria#Translingual

Any of several species of plants with leaves of a dusty appearance: Centaurea cineraria, Jacobaea maritima, Artemisia stelleriana, Spyridium parvifolium, and Silene coronaria, syn. Lychnis coronaria.


chilli pepper

(British spelling) Alternative form of chili pepper


northern bilberry

northern bilberry (plural northern bilberries)


bog bilberry

A shrub native of the cool temperate areas of northern hemisphere, Vaccinium uliginosum, and the berry of that shrub.


lote

From Latin lotus, from Ancient Greek λωτός (lōtós, “lotus”). Doublet of lotus.

Then they led him to the sheikh of the tribe , a tall , lean , old man who held an elegant cane made of lote wood crowned by leather straps embossed with delicate patterns

2008, Elliott Colla (translator), Ibrahim al-Koni, Gold Dust:

Celtis australis
Celtis australis#Translingual

A large tree (Celtis australis), the European nettle tree, found in the south of Europe. It has a hard wood, and bears a cherry-like fruit.


serrano

From Spanish serrano (“mountainous”), because it originated in the sierras (“mountains”) of the Mexican states of Puebla and Hidalgo.

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

Ellipsis of serrano pepper, a chili pepper, a cultivar of Capsicum annuum which originated in the mountainous regions of the Mexican states of Puebla and Hidalgo and is used in cooking.


lingonberry

From Swedish lingon (“cowberry, lingonberry”) + berry.

af

A berry-bearing shrub, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, native to the cool temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere.


kangaroo apple

The fruit of Solanum aviculare or Solanum vescum; the plants bearing such fruit.


zaatar

From Arabic زَعْتَر (zaʕtar), صَعْتَر (ṣaʕtar, “wild thyme; condiment made from this herb”), probably from Classical Syriac ܨܬܪܐ (ṣāṯrā), related to Hebrew צַתְרָה (ṣátrā).

cog

Hebrew צַתְרָה (ṣátrā)

Origanum syriacum
Origanum syriacum#Translingual

A particular herb, similar in flavor to thyme or oregano, used in Middle Eastern cuisine (Origanum syriacum).

A Middle Eastern seasoning, having this herb or a mixture of herbs as the main ingredient, with sumac (or other tart-flavored equivalent) and sesame seeds.


youngberry

From Young + berry, named for its cultivator, Byrnes M. Young.

A hybrid between a blackberry and a dewberry of the rose family, first cultivated in the western United States.


French bean

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual

haricot bean, kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).


saba

Musa acuminata
Musa acuminata#Translingual

A triploid hybrid banana cultivar from the Philippines (Musa acuminata × Musa balbisiana).


woody nightshade

en-noun

woody nightshade (plural woody nightshades)

Solanum dulcamara
Solanum dulcamara#Translingual


boxberry

Gaultheria procumbens
Gaultheria procumbens#Translingual

A teaberry bush (Gaultheria procumbens).


checkerberry

From the chequer tree, which has fruits of a similar appearance.


rowanberry

Sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia#Translingual

The small spherical fruits of the rowan or European rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), a species of rowan (Sorbus subg. Sorbus), native to most of Europe except for the far south, and northern Asia; the fruits are bitter and inedible if uncooked, but may be used in the making of jellies and jams.


teaberry

A berry which is the fruit of a small shrub native to northeastern North America, Gaultheria procumbens (eastern teaberry, American wintergreen, boxberry, checkerberry).

lamosalali

shrub Gaultheria procumbens and its berry


petit pois

Borrowed from French petit pois (literally “little pea”).


coralberry

en-noun

coralberry (countable and uncountable, plural coralberries)

American winterberry
American winterberry

Ilex verticillata
Ilex verticillata#Translingual

American winterberry, Ilex verticillata.


farkleberry

farkleberry (countable and uncountable, plural farkleberries)

(uncountable) A species of Vaccinium (Vaccinium arboreum) native to the southeastern United States, from southern Virginia west to southeastern Missouri, and south to Florida and eastern Texas, and taking the form of a shrub (rarely a small tree) growing to 3-5 m (rarely 9 m) tall.


Chinese cabbage

Chinese cabbage (usually uncountable, plural Chinese cabbages)

Brassica rapa
Brassica rapa#Translingual

Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis#Translingual

Any East Asian leafy vegetable related to the Western cabbage, especially subspecies or varieties of Brassica rapa.

Napa cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis).


solanum

(botany) Any plant in the genus Solanum.


corn-dodger

A cake made of the meal of Indian corn, wrapped in a covering of husks or paper, and baked under the embers.


proso

Examples are corn, sorghum, wheat, oats, millet, soybeans, and proso.

1973, Dan Herndon Jordan, Soil Survey of Cherokee, Gilmer, and Pickens Counties, Georgia:

Panicum miliaceum
Panicum miliaceum#Translingual

Panicum miliaceum, a grass used as a crop.


nopal

From Spanish nopal, from Classical Nahuatl nohpalli (“Opuntia cactus”). Compare nopales.

der

Nopal is a prickly pear native to arid areas of North and South America.[…]Nopal is high in fiber, vitamins, protein, and mucilage.

2010, Vincent Morelli, Roger Zoorob, Integrative Medicine in Primary Care, Part II, Elsevier Health Sciences, page 245:

A prickly pear cactus from the genus Opuntia, especially Opuntia cochinellifera; the edible pads (fleshy leaves) of the cactus, considered as food.


opopanax

en-noun

opopanax (countable and uncountable, plural opopanaxes)

Borrowed from Latin opopanax, from Hellenistic Greek ὀποπάναξ (opopánax), from Ancient Greek ὀπός (opós, “vegetable juice”) + πάναξ (pánax, “any of several plants believed to have medicinal benefits”).

der

(obsolete) A gum resin obtained from the root of Opopanax chironium, formerly used in medicine.

جَاوَشِير

gum from the root of Opopanax chironium or what is equal


diviner's sage

The psychoactive plant Salvia divinorum.


hushpuppy

Perhaps because they were once thrown to hungry dogs to quieten them.

(Southern US) A small deep-fried cornmeal cake.


Swiss chard

en-noun

Swiss chard (countable and uncountable, plural Swiss chards)

The origin of the adjective might be linked to Swiss botanist Gaspard Bauhin who classified the plant in his work Phytopinax in 1596.

(cooking) Beta vulgaris var. cicla: an edible leafy vegetable; chard.


deadnettle

Any plant of a species in genus Lamium, which closely resembles the nettle, but does not possess stinging hairs.


water chestnut

water chestnut (countable and uncountable, plural water chestnuts)

Chinese water chestnut
Chinese water chestnut

Eleocharis dulcis
Eleocharis dulcis#Translingual

(uncountable) Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis), grown for its edible corm, used in Asian cooking.


lavender cotton

Ground cypress (Santolina chamaecyparissus).


lady's mantle

The herb Alchemilla vulgaris, or any plant in the genus Alchemilla.


sloe gin

sloe gin (countable and uncountable, plural sloe gins)

/ˈsləʊ ˌdʒɪn/

A dark red liqueur made from sloe berries.


thimbleberry

Rubus parviflorus, a species of Rubus, native to western and northern North America, from Alaska east to Ontario and Minnesota, and south to northern Mexico.


chokeberry

From choke + berry, describing the astringency of the fruits, which are inedible when raw.

Either of two species in Aronia, formerly and sometimes in Photinia, deciduous shrubs, native to Russia and eastern North America and most commonly found in wet woods and swamps.


silverberry

A plant in the genus Elaeagnus, of about 50-70 species of deciduous or evergreen shrubs or small trees with alternate leaves, primarily native to temperate and subtropical regions of Asia.


samphire

samphire (countable and uncountable, plural samphires)

Originally sampiere, from French Saint Pierre, the patron saint of fishermen who often harvested the plant.

One of several salt-tolerant plants, some edible

Plants of genus Salicornia (syn. Salicornia)

Marsh samphire, glasswort, pickleweed (Salicornia europaea), a plant once burned to produce ash used to make soda glass.

Crithmum maritimum
Crithmum maritimum#Translingual


jeera

The vegetarian menu had [...] pizza speckled with jeera.

2020, Avni Doshi, Burnt Sugar, Hamish Hamilton, page 148:


thistle sage

A North American herb, Salvia carduacea, the seeds of which were once a staple food similar to chia


pozole

pozole (countable and uncountable, plural pozoles)

From Spanish pozole, from Classical Nahuatl pozolli (“stew of maize kernels”).

der

A traditional Mexican soup, made from hominy, pork, chilli and other ingredients.


kernel corn

(US) Kernels of maize, either frozen or canned


ajwain

en-noun

ajwain (countable and uncountable, plural ajwains)

Trachyspermum ammi
Trachyspermum ammi#Translingual

A plant in the family Apiaceae (Trachyspermum ammi), and its seed-like fruit, which is used (especially in South Asian cooking) for its thyme-like flavor.


baical skullcap

A herb, Scutellaria baicalensis, used in Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of dysentery and diarrhea etc.


Rambo

* The name "Rambo" is of unknown origin. It can be dated back to the 17th-century Swedish immigrant Peter Gunnarsson Rambo. According to folk legend it is derived from the mountain Ramberget ("Raven’s Hill") in Gothenburg, whence the Swedish immigrants to Delaware originated in the 17th century.
* "Rambo" is also the name of an old farm in Vestfold county, Norway ("Rambøe" 1664, "Ramboe" 1723) - and about 65 people in Norway have Rambo as a family name. The Old Norse form of the name might have been *Hrafnabú. The first element is then the genitive plurals of hrafn m. 'raven', and the last element is bú n. 'farm'. The name was brought to the US by Norwegian settlers.
* "Rambo" became widely known after John Rambo, a fictional Vietnam War veteran and protagonist of the film series Rambo.
See also Japanese 乱暴 (rambō, “rude; violent; rough; reckless”).

ncog

(figuratively) One who is reckless, disregards orders, uses violence to solve all problems, and bravely charges headlong into the teeth of the enemy.


creamed corn

A food consisting of cooked, partially pureed, sweet corn.


mâche

Valerianella locusta
Valerianella locusta#Translingual

Valerianella locusta, a small dicot annual plant of the family Caprifoliaceae often cultivated as a salad green or herb.


sweet corn

en-noun

sweet corn (countable and uncountable, plural sweet corns)

Any of many varieties of corn (specifically maize) most suitable for eating by humans, as distinguished from corn raised as animal feed; usually with higher sugar content than field corn.


samp

samp (countable and uncountable, plural samps)

From Massachusett nasamp, nasaump (“softened with water”); compare suppawn.

1675, The Captivity of Mary Rowlandson, included in The Portable North American Indian Reader, New York: Penguin Books, 1977, page 341,
I asked him to give me a little of his Broth, or Water they [Horses feet] were boiling in; he took a dish, and gave me one spoonful of Samp, and bid me take as much of the Broth as I would.

The meal, coarse or fine, is then used for samps, mushes, or batters, and cakes, thick or thin, and of many varieties and degrees of wholesomeness.

1882, The Atlantic Monthly, volume 50, page 549:

'You kids have everything but you don't appreciate it. Mom must cook you beans and samps. Do you hear? Just beans and samps. That's all. Beans and samps.'

1975, Sheila Roberts, Outside Life's Feast: Short Stories, page 18:

We remained in class until 12.45, and then had a lunch of samp, sour milk and beans, seldom meat.

1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 44:

Abigail taught her the use of the samp mortar. Samp was corn broken into coarse grains and boiled as porridge.

2004, Louise Cabral, A Pageant of Shadows, page 327:

In the area of cuisine, the Xhosa have contributed many corn recipes, most famously samp and beans (umngqusho).

2005, Fran Osseo-Asare, Food Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa, page 74:

(chiefly US) An article of food consisting of coarse ground maize, or a porridge made from it.


poached egg

With adolescent perversity, he turned up his nose at all of the elegant French items on the Closerie's menu and scandalized the waitron by demanding corned-beef hash—fried extra crisp—with poached eggs, a slice of fresh papaya with lime, banana-walnut bread, and a pitcher of Mexican chocolate.

1992, Julian May, Jack the Bodiless, Knopf, →ISBN, →OL:

An egg that has been cooked by gently breaking it into simmering or very hot water.


cobnut

From earlier cobylle nut; see cobble, nut.

filbert

usually the American hazel, Corylus americana or Corylus maxima, which is common in Oregon


kamut

Taken from kamut, a transcription found in E. A. Wallis Budge's dictionary (where it was translated as "wheat") of Egyptian kꜣmwtt (“ear of barley”), in hieroglyphic form:
k-A-m-w-t:t-M2:Z2-!

If you hear the name Kamut get excited. It's wheat. Yes, there are thousands of wheats, all members of the triticum family, but Kamut is different. It's 4,000 years old.

1999, Steve Meyerowitz, Sprouts, the Miracle Food: The Complete Guide to Sprouting, Sproutman Publications, →ISBN, page 75:

A commercial cultivar of Khorasan wheat.


souring

souring (countable and uncountable, plural sourings)

The process by which fabric is soured, washing out the lime by means of acid.


Roma

From Latin and Italian Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Rome.

A female given name from Latin of English-speakers.


cornflour

cornflour (usually uncountable, plural cornflours)

(British) A very fine starch powder derived from maize (US corn) used in cooking as a thickener, to keep things from sticking, or as an anti-caking agent.

A flour for baking and cooking that is ground from maize (US corn).

kukoricaliszt

a flour for baking and cooking that is ground from maize (US corn)


grande wormwood

From French grande (“grand, great”) + wormwood.

Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium#Translingual

The herb wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), which is used in the production of absinthe and vermouth, and as a tonic.


glutinous rice

A variety of short-grain rice popular in Southeast and East Asia, known for its stickiness when cooked.


Chinese gooseberry

Chinese gooseberry (plural Chinese gooseberries)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Chinese gooseberry.wav

Chinese, as the tree is native to central and eastern China + gooseberry, from superficial resemblance of the fruit.


globe artichoke

globe artichoke (plural globe artichokes)

Cynara cardunculus
Cynara cardunculus#Translingual

A variety of artichoke, Cynara cardunculus cultivated for food.


horse bean

So called because of use in feeding horses.


lúcuma

Borrowed from Spanish lúcuma, from Quechua rukma, luqma.


cherry tree

From Middle English cherietree, cheritree, chery-tre, cherytre, chiri tre, chiritre, chyrytree.

Prunus subg. Cerasus
Prunus subg. Cerasus#Translingual

A tree of the subgenus Prunus subg. Cerasus, the members of which are valued agriculturally for their fruit, the cherry, and the wood of the tree, cherrywood, used in woodworking.


corn oil

A light oil ground from corn, used for cooking as well as for fuel.


pignoli

From Italian pinoli (“pine nuts”) (by confusion with pignoli (“fussy people”)?).


morello

May be connected to ἀμαυρός (amaurós, “dark, dim, faint”), compare Polish chmura (“dark cloud, darken”).

Prunus cerasus
Prunus cerasus#Translingual

A variety of cultivated cherry, Prunus cerasus 'austera', having a dark skin


capsaicinoid

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of irritant compounds, related to capsaicin, that are responsible for the heat of chilli peppers.


Scoville scale

Named for American chemist Wilbur Scoville, who devised it in 1912.

A measure for the piquancy (“heat, burn, spiciness”) of various chili peppers, indicating the level of capsaicin.


ramson

Back-formation from ramsons; compare Middle English ramson (originally plural, taken as singular); Old English hramesan, plural of hramsa (“onion, broad-leafed garlic”), from Proto-West Germanic *hramusō, from Proto-Germanic *hramusô (“onion, leek”), from Proto-Indo-European *kermus-, *kremus- (“wild garlic”). Cognate with Scots ramps (“wild garlic”), Dutch rams (“ramson”), Danish rams (“ramson”), Swedish ramslök (“wild garlic”). See buckrams.

Allium ursinum
Allium ursinum#Translingual

A plant, Allium ursinum, a wild relative of chives and garlic.


ramsons

ramsons pl (normally plural, singular ramson)

From Middle English ramsons, ramsens, rampsons, ramesones, ramsouns, plural of Middle English ramson, ramsen (“wild garlic”), reinterpreted as a singular form, from Old English hramsan, nominative plural of Old English hramsa (“wild garlic”), from Proto-West Germanic *hramusō, from Proto-Germanic *hramusô (“onion; leek”), from Proto-Indo-European *kremus-, *kermus- (“wild garlic; onion”).

A wild relative of chives, of species Allium ursinum, having edible leaves and roots.


white currant

A deciduous shrub, a less sour and colourless cultivar of Ribes rubrum (red currant), though sometimes named Ribes sativum or Ribes silvestre, and sold as a different fruit.


bearberry

Any of four dwarf shrubs of formerly all members of the genus Arctostaphylos, three now assigned to genus Arctous, which principally grow in arctic and subarctic regions and bear edible berries.

alpine bearberry, mountain bearberry, black bearberry (Arctous alpina, syn. Arctostaphylos alpinus)


snap bean

Their Sunday dinner always included snap beans cooked with fatback.

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual

The unripe or green edible fruit pod of a bean plant such as the legume Phaseolus vulgaris.


water mint

water mint (countable and uncountable, plural water mints)

A herb in the mint family, Mentha aquatica.


virgalieu

If "Virgalieu" is the term by which the White Doyenne pear is most generally known, (and this can not be denied) then to adopt the latter will produce just the confusion against which Mr. Eaton protests; and this is really the fact; for not half those who grow this pear will know what you mean, if you call it the White Doyenné.

1861, Peter B. Mead, The Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste, volume XVI, page 280:

A valuable kind of pear, of an obovate shape and with melting flesh of delicious flavor; also called White Doyenne.


juniper berry

The berrylike female seed cone produced by the various species of junipers.


hogweed

From hog + weed, so named because of its use as feed for pigs.

An umbelliferous plant, of genus Heracleum, most species of which are phototoxic.


masterwort

masterwort (countable and uncountable, plural masterworts)

Aegopodium podagraria
Aegopodium podagraria#Translingual


tatie

Shortened form of potato + -ie; compare tater.


germander

/d͡ʒɚˈmændɚ/

/d͡ʒəˈmændə/

Late Middle English, from French germandrée, itself from Medieval Latin chamaedrys, from Ancient Greek χαμαίδρῡς (khamaídrūs, literally “ground-oak”).

der

Any plant of the genus Teucrium, some with small, pink, white, or pale purple flowers and a small upper lip.


herb bennet

From Middle English herbe-benet, from Old French herbe beneite (“blessed herb”) (because of its medicinal properties).

(dated) The avens (Geum urbanum) or the common avens (Geum aleppicum).


quandong

Arnhem Land quandong, bony quandong (Elaeocarpus arnhemicus)

‘A spieler,’ Leah gently loosened the painful crab hold of the boy's hand. ‘[…] A trickster. A quandong. A ripperty man. A con-man.’

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 228:

confidence trickster
confidence trickster

(Australia slang, now rare) A confidence trickster.


strawberry pear

en-noun

strawberry pear (plural strawberry pears)

dragon fruit (Stenocereus (syn. Hylocereus) spp.).


pitaya

From American Spanish pitahaya, from Taíno [Term?].


dragon fruit

→ Dutch: drakenvrucht (calque)

desc

→ Thai: แก้วมังกร (gɛ̂ɛo-mang-gɔɔn) (calque)

/ˈdɹæɡ.ən ˌfɹuːt/

From dragon + fruit; most likely a calque or literal translation of a term in a Southeast Asian language (compare Chinese 火龍果／火龙果 (huǒlóngguǒ, literally “fiery dragon fruit”). Initial English texts cite Vietnamese thanh long; however, this was constructed differently, being a Sino-Vietnamese term for "Azure Dragon" (青龍) re-used to reference the green, "unripe" color of the fruit. First attributed in 1963.

cog

The fruit of certain cacti of the genus (Stenocereus (syn. Hylocereus) spp.), cultivated in Southeast Asia and Central and South America, having cerise-pink- or yellow-coloured skin and a white or pink sweet fleshy interior with black seeds.


guarri

From Khwe gwarri (which also derived Zulu umgwali).

(South Africa) A shrub or tree, Euclea divinorum; its fruit can be fermented to produce vinegar.


shado beni

Shado beni is similar to cilantro but has a stronger flavor. Look for it in ethnic grocery stores that feature Hispanic or West Indian foods. If not found, it is not a problem—just substitute with cilantro (add a little extra cilantro if you want the stronger flavor you would have gotten with the shado beni).

2011, John Cavazos, Ann Marie Cavazos, “Main Courses and Cooked Sides”, in The Daniel Fast Made Delicious, Lake Mary, Fla.: Siloam, →ISBN, section I (Healthy Eating on the Daniel Fast), page 35:


red bean

en-noun

red bean (countable and uncountable, plural red beans)

Vigna angularis
Vigna angularis#Translingual

(countable) The azuki bean (Vigna angularis), most common in East Asia.

Vigna umbellata
Vigna umbellata#Translingual

(countable) The rice bean (Vigna umbellata).

(countable) Any of various red varieties of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), including the kidney bean, Honduran red bean, and Salvadoran red bean.

China’s dragon-boat festival ensures fishermen’s safety through consumption of meat, lotus seed (Nelumbo spp., Nelumbonaceae), date, water chestnut (Trapa spp., Trapaceae), and zongzi, which are glutinous-rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo or reed leaves (Poaceae) and filled with red bean (Luard 2001).

2009, Nina Lilian Etkin, Foods of Association: Biocultural Perspectives on Foods and Beverages that Mediate Sociability, Tucson, Ariz.: The University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, page 135:

Freshly made red bean treats hot from the griddle are popular here: crispy-hot snapper-shaped taiyaki cakes filled with red bean; dorayaki (red bean sandwiched between two hand-held, pancake-esque cakes); the famous ningyōyaki (doll-shaped bite-sized red bean cakes traditional to the old neighbourhood Asakusa).

2018, Eat Like a Local TOKYO, London: Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 26:

Griselda returns, holding a bag full of wasabi peas and anpans. She knows I like the ones filled with custard rather than red bean, so I’m grateful she got my favorites.

2018, Peter Tieryas, Mecha Samurai Empire, New York, N.Y.: Ace, →ISBN:

In the book, the protagonist is a Korean American girl, and a lot of her favorite things—from her love of walnut cakes filled with red bean to the Korean drama Boys Over Flowers—were my favorite things growing up as well.

2020, Erin Yun, Pippa Park Raises Her Game, New York, N.Y.: Fabled Films LLC, published 2021, →ISBN:

Buns filled with sweet custard, buns filled with red bean, savory buns with spinach and minced meat, sticky rice and pork belly wrapped in bamboo leaves and tied with string.

2022, Weike Wang, Joan Is Okay, New York, N.Y.: Random House, published 2023, →ISBN, page 164:

Manju originated from Chinese mantou, that deep fried bread thing you dip in condensed milk that you can get in Binondo. But this is Japanese. And the Japanese version is made with red bean instead of chocolate or custard.

2022, Carla de Guzman, Some Bali to Love, Midnight Books:

(uncountable) A paste made of azuki beans.


rocoto

Borrowed from Spanish rocoto, from Quechua ruqutu.

Capsicum pubescens
Capsicum pubescens#Translingual

(cooking) A kind of chili pepper of the species Capsicum pubescens grown in Peru and Bolivia.


clingstone

A stone fruit having a stone (pit) that clings to the flesh.


soopolallie

Borrowed from Chinook Jargon, from soop (“soap”) (from English) + olallie, ollalie (“berry”) (from a Kwak'wala or Chinook word for berries). Compare soapberry.

A variety of deciduous shrub (Shepherdia canadensis), the Canadian buffaloberry, the red fruit/berries of which may be used in the production of a frothy, aromatic drink.


finger millet

finger millet (usually uncountable, plural finger millets)

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana#Translingual

A plant, Eleusine coracana, grown as a cereal in parts of Africa and Asia.


farro

farro (countable and uncountable, plural farros)

Borrowed from Italian farro. Doublet of far.

At the Fountain restaurant in the Four Seasons Hotel, near the institute, squab stuffed with fava beans and farro, an Egyptian grain, comes gilded with gold leaf[…].

2007 February 14, Florence Fabricant, “For a Chilly Winter Day, Beef Pie With Polenta Crust”, in New York Times:

All three farros are sold as a whole grain.

2019, Irma S. Rombauer, Marion Rombauer Becker, Ethan Becker, Joy of Cooking: 2019 Edition, page 338:

Triticum turgidum
Triticum turgidum#Translingual


tarata

Synonym of lemonwood (“the tree Pittosporum eugenioides”)


goutweed

From gout + weed, from having formerly been used to treat gout.


Concord grape

Named after the town of Concord, Massachusetts.

The current flavors, are, left to right, ginger and kaffir lime; hibiscus and rhubarb; cola with a base of kukicha, a kind of Japanese tea made from twigs and stalks; and Concord grape and thyme.

2008 June 4, Florence Fabricant, “Homemade Sodas Dressed for a Night Out”, in New York Times:

Vitis labrusca
Vitis labrusca#Translingual

A cultivar of grapes from the species Vitis labrusca.


galbanum

galbanum (countable and uncountable, plural galbanums)

From Latin galbanum (“galbanum”), from Ancient Greek χαλβάνη (khalbánē, “galbanum”).

der

And the Lord said to Moses: Take unto thee spices, stacte, and onycha, galbanum of sweet savour, and the clearest frankincense, all shall be of equal weight.

These following bodies do not draw: smaragd, achates, corneolus, pearl, jaspis, chalcedonius, alabaster, porphyry, coral, marble, touchstone, haematites, or bloodstone; smyris, ivory, bones, ebontree, cedar, cypress, pitch, softer rosin, camphire, galbanum, ammoniac, storax, benzoin, loadstone, asphaltum.

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

A bitter, aromatic resin or gum, extracted from plants of the genus Ferula, that resembles assafoetida and has been used in incense and in aromatherapy


yampee

(Jamaica) A variety of yam, Dioscorea trifida, smaller than a regular yam.


yautia

Via Spanish, from Taíno [Term?] or more broadly some Arawakan language.

Xanthosoma sagittifolium
Xanthosoma sagittifolium#Translingual

An edible plant commonly found in the Caribbean: Xanthosoma sagittifolium, new cocoyam.


superfruit

Goji berries are often marketed as a superfruit.

This lemon, grown by Robert Jennings of Downey, California, weighs five pounds and is eight inches tall and twenty-three inches around. Genetic engineering could produce such superfruits consistently.

1986, Walter G. Oleksy, Miracles of Genetics, Childrens Press, →ISBN, page 17:

Among his picks: Superfruits. With summer long gone, it may not seem a good time to be pitching fruit. But three of Pratt's new power foods are fruits that are currendy in season — pomegranates, kiwis and apples.

Pomegranates, those cheerful round red fruits often seen in wintertime fruit bowls, have quickly gained a reputation as superfruits, so thoroughly packed are they with antioxidants, especially deep red anthocyanins.

2009, Nancy Harmon Jenkins, The New Mediterranean Diet Cookbook: A Delicious Alternative for Lifelong Health, Bantam Books, →ISBN, page 410:

A superfood that is a fruit; any fruit supposed to confer remarkable health benefits.


joe-pye weed

Any plant of the genus Eutrochium, native to eastern North America.


moxa

en-noun

moxa (countable and uncountable, plural moxas)

From Japanese 艾 (mogusa, “mugwort”). The u is not strongly pronounced in Japanese, leading to its disappearance and the devoicing of the plosive. First used by Hermann Buschoff, a Dutch minister in Batavia, who wrote the first book about this remedy in 1674.

And thereupon she burned with her Moxa (of which hereafter) on my feet and knees, (to my best remembrance) about twenty little Escars, which looked like lit∣tle gray specks, without raising any blisters, or causing any after-pain; whereupon also all the pain of the Gout vanish’d.

1676, Two Treatises, The one Medical, Of the Gout, And its Nature more narrowly search’d into than hitherto; together with a new way or discharging the same. By Herman Busschof Senior, of Utrecht, residing at Batavia in the East-Indies, in the service of the Dutch East-India Company. The Other Partly Chirurgical, partly Medical; Containing Some Observations and Practises relating both to some extraordinary cases of Women in Travel; and to some other uncommon cases of Diseases in both Sexes. By Henry van Roonhuyse, Physitian in Ordinary at Amsterdam. Englished out of Dutch by a careful hand. […] , London: Printed by H.C. and are to be sold by Moses Pitt, page A3:

Moxa is celebrated in the eastern countries, for preventing and curing many disorders, by being burnt on the skin: a little cone of moxa, laid on the part previously moistened, and set on fire at top, burns down with a temperate glowing heat, and produces a dark coloured spot, the exulceration of which is promoted by applying a little garlic, and the ulcer either healed up when the eschar separates, or kept running for a length of time, as different circumstances may require.

1761, William Lewis, An Experimental History of the Materia Medica, or of the Natural and Artificial Substances Made Use of in Medicine: Containing a Compendious View of Their Natural History, an Account of Their Pharmaceutic Properties, and an Estimate of Their Medicinal Powers, so Far as They Can Be Ascertained by Experience, or by Rational Induction from Their Sensible Qualities, London: Printed by H. Baldwin, for the Author; and sold by R. Willock, page 380:

A woolly material obtained from the dried leaves of an Asian species of mugwort, such as Artemisia argyi, as used in moxibustion.

艾絨

woolly material obtained from mugwort leaves


kutjera

An Australian plant, Solanum centrale, with pungent edible fruits that resemble raisins when dried.


citrangequat

/ˈsɪtɹənd͡ʒˌkwɑːt/

Blend of citrange + kumquat — since citrange is itself a blend of citrus and orange, this is a triple blend.

A trigenic hybrid cross of two types of orange and a kumquat (Citrus × georgiana).


sweet orange

Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis#Translingual

Citrus sinensis, a species of citrus fruit, commonly known as the orange.


citrange

Citrus × insitorum, a hybrid of the sweet orange and the trifoliate orange.


alunqua

From Eastern Arrernte alangkwe, the name for the fruit.

Another common bush delicacy was the alunqua, some call it the bush cucumber.

1937, Michael Terry, Sand and Sun: Two Gold-hunting Expeditions with Camels in the Dry Lands of Central Australia:

The fruit of the alunqua; bush cucumber, bush banana.


chili powder

chili powder (countable and uncountable, plural chili powders)

Pulverized dry chilis used for culinary purposes.


sesame leaf

Calque of Korean 깻잎 (kkaennip, “sesame leaf”).


feijoa

João da Silva Feijó
Otto Karl Berg
feijoa

/ˈfiːd͡ʒɐʉ.ɐ/

From the New Latin former genus name Feijoa, which was named after Portuguese botanist João da Silva Feijó by the German botanist Otto Karl Berg.

A South American evergreen shrub, Acca sellowiana (syn. Feijoa sellowiana).


saskatoon

From Cree ᒥᓵᐢᑿᑑᒥᐣ (misaaskwatoomin, “saskatoon berry”), from ᒥᓵᐢᑿᐟ (misaaskwat, “saskatoon shrub”) + ᒥᐣ (min, “berry”).

der

(Canadian Prairies) A shrub inhabiting western North America (Amelanchier alnifolia).


yumberry

While yumberries are edging into popular recognition, new antioxidant fruits such as Kakadu plums are in the very initial stages of commercialization.

2008, Prepared Foods, volume 177, numbers 7-12, page 91:

Cranberries, Yumberries & Blackcurrants

2011, Juliette Kellow, Lyndel Costain, Laurence Beeken, The Calorie, Carb and Fat Bible 2011, page 363:

The yangmei, especially in commercial products where it is promoted as a superfruit.


winter cherry

Solanum pseudocapsicum (Jerusalem cherry)


acha

Digitaria exilis
Digitaria exilis#Translingual

fonio, esp. Digitaria exilis (white fonio) (a cereal cultivated in western Africa)


dropwort

From drop + wort, referring to its hanging tubers.


yangmei

The edible crimson fruit of the subtropical tree Myrica rubra.


fiddlehead

The furled fronds of a young fern harvested for food consumption.


sea holly

sȉkavica

these two forms are Chakavian and also mean Carthamus, Picnomon, Scolymus, Echinops, Dipsacus

Eryngium maritimum
Eryngium maritimum#Translingual

More generally, any of several species of plants in the genus Eryngium.


wineberry

From Middle English wynberie, wynberie (“a grape or some other kind of berry”), from Old English wīnberġe (“grape”, literally “wine-berry”), from Proto-West Germanic *wīnabaʀi, from Proto-Germanic *wīnabasją (“wineberry; grape”), equivalent to wine + berry. Doublet of whimberry (“bilberry”).
Cognate with Dutch wijnbeer, West Frisian wynbei (“grape”), wiemer (“currant”), German Weinbeere (“grape”), Swedish vinbär (“currant”), Icelandic vínber (“grape”), Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌰𐍃𐌹 (weinabasi, “grape”).

inh

The plant Rubus phoenicolasius, the Japanese wineberry.


blet

en-verb

blet (third-person singular simple present blets, present participle bletting, simple past and past participle bletted)

blets (present singular third-person)
bletting (participle present)
bletted (participle past)
bletted (past)

Borrowed from French blettir, coined by John Lindley.

c. 1835, B. Maund, The Botanic Garden, Or, Magazine of Flowering Plants, Volume 6, Simpkin & Marshall, page 115,
Bletting is in particular a special alteration; it appears that the more austere a fruit is before this is brought on, the more it is capable of bletting regularly.

You can also hasten the bletting process by giving firm medlars a night in the freezer. I usually pick some medlars early to blet a little indoors, as this is perfect for making jelly, whereas fully soft fruit is ideal for any other use.

2011, Mark Diacono, Fruit: River Cottage Handbook No.9, Bloomsbury Publishing, unnumbered page:

For example, you wouldn't be happy if you bit into a medlar. They need to be bletted (left to go over-ripe) before you can eat them but, once bletted, medlars taste sweet – a little bit like dates.[…]To be frank, bletting is a more polite word for "rotting".

2021, Adele Nozedar, The Tree Forager, Watkins Media, unnumbered page:

To undergo or cause to undergo bletting, a fermentation process in certain fruit beyond ripening.

ndulket

To undergo bletting, a fermentation process in certain fruit beyond ripening


smallage

From Middle English smalache, equivalent to small + ache (“celery, parsley”).

Chop the smallage exceeding small and put it in a good half hour before you are to take your posset from the fire: You are to season your Gruel with a little Salt, at the due time; and you may put in a little Nutmeg, and Mace to it.

1922, Eleanour Sinclair Rohde, A Garden of Herbs: Being a Practical Handbook to the Making of an Old English Herb Garden, page 123:


rampion

en-noun

rampion (countable and uncountable, plural rampions)

Ultimately from Medieval Latin rapuntium from Latin rapunculus, diminutive of rapum (“turnip”)

Any of several flowering plants of the genus Phyteuma, within the family Campanulaceae.


bladdernut

Any of several species of large shrubs or small trees, of the genus Staphylea, in the family Staphyleaceae


garlic chive

Allium tuberosum
Allium tuberosum#Translingual

A plant, Allium tuberosum, with long, thin, white-flowering stalks, related to chives.


salep

salep (countable and uncountable, plural saleps)

Borrowed from French salep, from Turkish salep, from Arabic سَحْلَب (saḥlab, “type of orchid”). According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the Arabic word is said to be a contraction of خُصَى الثَعْلَب (ḵuṣā aṯ-ṯaʕlab, “fox testicles”) (الثَعْلَب (aṯ-ṯaʕlab, “fox”) + خُصًى (ḵuṣan, “testicles”)), referring to the testicle-like root tubers.

der

Where finally the draining of marſhy grounds can not be effected at a reſponſible expence, ſome plants may perhaps be cultivated with profit to the cultivator; as in ſome ſituations the feſtica fluitans, floating feſcue, callitriche, ſtar-graſs; or in others the orchis for the purpoſe of making ſaloop by drying the peeled roots in an oven.

1800, Erasmus Darwin, “Sect. XI. Of Draining and Watering Lands.”, in Phytologia: Or The Philosophy of Agricuture and Gardening. With the Theory of Draining Morasses and with an Improved Construction of the Drill Plough, Dublin: Printed for P. Byrne, 108, Grafton-Street, →OCLC, section XI.2.4.5, page 245:

The tubers of one [orchid] species, Orchis mascula, produce a flour called salep, which was made into a drink known as "saloop" in 18th-century London, as an alternative to coffee (Charles Lamb thought it the ideal breakfast for chimney sweeps). Salep is a Turkish word with an even more precise derivation (it's from the Arabic for "fox's testicles"). Despite this, the Turks still use it to make a strange elastic ice cream, eaten with a knife and fork, which carries a pungent aftertaste compared by one commentator to the scent of "goats on a rainy day". Salep ice cream is so popular that O. mascula is now a protected species in Turkey.

2014 April 5, “Quite interesting: A quietly intriguing column from the brains behind QI, the BBC quiz show. This week; QI orchids you not”, in The Daily Telegraph (Weekend), page W22:

A starch or jelly made out of plants in the Orchidaceae family, such as the early-purple orchid (Orchis mascula).


teosinte

en-noun

teosinte (countable and uncountable, plural teosintes)

From French téosinte, from Spanish teocinte, from Classical Nahuatl teocintli, apparently from teōtl (“god”) + cintli (“dried maize”).

类蜀黍

any of several wild maize-like grasses of the genus Zea

Any of a few species of maize-like grasses of the genus Zea found in Mexico, Guatemala and Nicaragua.


mirabelle plum

The sweet, edible drupaceous fruit of the mirabelle prune tree, a cultivar of the plum tree of the subspecies Prunus domestica subsp. syriaca, often used in pies, wines, and brandy


laserwort

laserwort (countable and uncountable, plural laserworts)

An umbelliferous plant (Laserpitium latifolium) from which the resin laser was obtained.


navy bean

So called because the United States Navy has served the beans as a staple to its sailors since the mid-1800s.

Beans—Very scarce Navy Beans 112 a 115c.

1851 May 10, “The Markets”, in North Carolina Standard, volume 1, no. 53, Raleigh, N.C., archived from the original on 2016-09-25, page 3:

Janie […] baked big pans of navy beans with plenty of sugar and hunks of bacon laying on top.

1937, Zora Neale Hurston, Their Eyes Were Watching God, Amistad, published 2013, page 132:

A white bean of a variety of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); a haricot bean.


boniato

Borrowed from Spanish boniato (“sweet potato”).

bor+

Ipomoea batatas
Ipomoea batatas#Translingual

(US) A Cuban type of sweet potato with light-colored flesh that is drier and less sweet than the varieties typical in the US (Ipomoea batatas).


applejohn

From apple + John, possibly from the fact that it can be eaten on St. John's Day, June 24th, of the year after it was picked.

What the devil hast thou brought there? apple-johns? / thou knowest Sir John cannot endure an apple-john.

a. 1599, William Shakespeare, II Henry IV, act II scene IV:

(obsolete) A variety of apple which can be kept for a long period, gradually becoming dry and withered; known today as the French crab.


lady's comb

Scandix pecten-veneris
Scandix pecten-veneris#Translingual


shepherd's needle

en-noun

shepherd's needle (plural shepherd's needles)


Venus comb

An umbelliferous plant (Scandix pecten-veneris).


elderflower

Ethel was yet bathing her eyes with elderflowers, preparatory to going, when her departure was again delayed by another visitor.

1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], “The Disclosure”, in Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 303:

Sambucus nigra
Sambucus nigra#Translingual

The blossom of the elderberry, often specifically the European species Sambucus nigra


alexanders

From French alisander, apparently named for Alexander the Great, for one or more species thought to be endemic to Macedonia.

/ˌælɪɡˈzændɚz/

/ˌælɪɡˈzɑːndəz/

(chiefly Canada, US) Various plants of genus Zizia or Angelica thought to resemble European alexanders.


hemp-nettle

Any weed of the genus Galeopsis in the Lamiaceae family.

бударица

any weed of the genus Galeopsis in the Lamiaceae family


purple yam

Dioscorea alata
Dioscorea alata#Translingual

A yam used in a variety of desserts, Dioscorea alata.


beautyberry

A genus of shrubs, Callicarpa, which produce berries.


kabocha

From Japanese 南瓜 (kabocha, “pumpkin, squash”).

bor

Cucurbita maxima
Cucurbita maxima#Translingual

A variety of Japanese winter squash, from species Cucurbita maxima.


poblano

/pəˈblɑːnəʊ/

/pəʊˈblɑːnəʊ/

In our times of popular gourmetism, the Anaheim chili is easy to find year round in the supermarket, but the poblano remains seasonal in spring and fall.

1993, Huntley Dent, Feast of Santa Fe: Cooking of the American Southwest, page 62:

A mild green chile pepper native to Mexico; when dried, the chilis are called anchos or chiles anchos (“wide chilis”).


jostaberry

From German Jostabeere, itself derived from Johannisbeere and Stachelbeere.

A fruit made by crossing several members of the Ribes genus, including blackcurrant and gooseberry.


anet

Inherited from Middle English anet, anete, annet, annete, from Middle French anet, from Latin anēthum (“dill; anise”).


cherrywood

A hardwood obtained from the cherry tree, valued for use in furniture and other woodworking applications.


xynisteri

This crisp, lemony white is made using xynisteri grapes, imported centuries before from the Greek mainland.

2009 January 24, Gord Stimmell, “Greece, France, Australia shine in this release”, in Toronto Star:

A white grape indigenous to the island of Cyprus.


potato cake

(Scotland, England) A savory flat cake made from flour and mashed potatoes, often fried or baked.


chili oil

en-noun

chili oil (countable and uncountable, plural chili oils)

A spicy condiment in which crushed dried red chili peppers (and sometimes other ingredients) have been macerated in oil


cherry laurel

Prunus sect. Laurocerasus
Prunus sect. Laurocerasus

An evergreen cherry in the section Prunus sect. Laurocerasus, some of which are cultivated as ornamentals.

Prunus caroliniana, native to the southeastern United States.


basmati

basmati (countable and uncountable, plural basmatis)

From Hindi बासमती (bāsmatī, literally “fragrant”).

bor

Diwaniya is the capital of the almost completely Shiite farming province of Qadisiya, known for its marshy fields where farmers grow aromatic ambar rice, similar to India’s basmati.

2007 June 21, Alissa J. Rubin, “Shiite Rivalries Slash at a Once Calm Iraqi City”, in New York Times:

A variety of long-grain rice, notable for its fragrance.


arborio

en-noun

arborio (usually uncountable, plural arborios)

/ɑːˈbɔːɹɪ.əʊ/

/ɑɹˈbɔɹi.oʊ/


mizuna

mizuna (usually uncountable, plural mizunas)

His cold sesame chicken seasoned with chili is finely shredded and served in carefully wrought clusters around a salad of mizuna.

2007 June 20, Florence Fabricant, “From a Japanese Chef, Chinese, but Not Takeout”, in New York Times:

One of several tangy green vegetables used in Japanese cuisine, usually Brassica rapa var. nipposinica


einkorn wheat

einkorn wheat (countable and uncountable, plural einkorn wheats)

Borrowed from German Einkorn (literally “single grain”).

bor

2001, Bruce D. Smith, Chapter 6: The Transition to Food Production, Gary M. Feinman, T. Douglas Price (editors), Archaeology at the Millennium: A Sourcebook, Springer, 2007, Softcover, page 207,
A team of researchers from Norway, Germany, and Italy, for example, has recently pinpointed the particular populations of modern wild einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum subsp. boeoticum) that best fit the profile of those stands that probably gave rise about 10,000 years ago in the Near East to domesticated einkorn (Heun et al., 1997).

In Southwest Asia, cereals were among the first plants to be domesticated, with einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.), emmer wheat (T. dicoccum Schiibl.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) present at farming sites dating to the 9th millennium BC (Bell, 1987; Kislev, 1992; Zohary and Hopf, 2000).

2006, Terence A. Brown, Sarah Lindsay, Robin G. Allaby, “Chapter 9: Using Modern Landraces of Wheat to Study the Origins of European Agriculture”, in Timothy J. Motley, Nyree Zerega, Hugh Cross, editors, Darwin's Harvest: New Approaches to the Origins, Evolution, and Conservation of Crops, Columbia University Press, page 197:

Nevertheless, since some plants and animals were more amenable to domestication and more useful (the “founder crops” of emmer and einkorn wheat, barley, lentil, pea, chickpea, bitter vetch (Zohary and Hopf 2000); and sheep, goats, and pigs), its origin and spread within that region can be traced.

2011, Nancy H. Demand, The Mediterranean Context of Early Greek History, Wiley (Wiley-Blackwell), page 17:

If and when you do eat carbohydrate-rich foods like noodles, try to choose those made with Einkorn wheat or a wheat alternative, and be sure to eat them with protein and healthy fat, so they don't raise your blood sugar too much.

2013, Winnie Abramson, One Simple Change: Surprisingly Easy Ways to Transform Your Life, Chronicle Books, page 56:

Wheat refers to genus Triticum, of which a great number of species are cultivated. Einkorn wheat is one of them and refers to the genus^([sic – meaning species]) Triticum monococcum. It is one of the earliest cultivated forms of wheat and its husks enclose the grains tightly. The husking process of Einkorn wheat is shown in Figure 2.1.

2014, Anne Bergeret et al., “2: Valorization of Agricultural By-Products in Poly(Lactic Acid) to Develop Biocomposites”, in Vijay Kumar Thakur, editor, Green Composites from Natural Resources, Taylor & Francis (CRC Press), page 14:

A type of wheat, characterised by the presence of a single grain in each spikelet, that was cultivated in the Fertile Crescent and was one of the first grains to be domesticated; any subtype of said wheat, considered as a unit; in particular, the domesticated form.


pasilla

From the Spanish pasilla, diminutive of pasa (“raisin”).

Is it worth $9.99 to have someone buy and cook short ribs, shred them, season them with chipotle, arbol and pasilla chilies, mix them with slices of nopales (cactus paddles), fill two soft tortillas with the mixture and slather them with a rich sauce so you can have beef short rib enchiladas with salsa mestiza and cactus for dinner?

2007 April 18, Florence Fabricant, “A Serving of Kalderetang, and a Guy to Explain It”, in New York Times:

A variety of chili (a dried chilaca), used especially in sauces.


mountain bearberry

en-noun

mountain bearberry (plural mountain bearberries)

Arctostaphylos alpina
Arctostaphylos alpina#Translingual

A species of bearberry (Arctous alpina, syn. Arctostaphylos alpina).


over easy

(US) Of an egg prepared as food, fried on one side until most of the whites have cooked, then lightly fried on the other to finish cooking the whites, leaving the yolk unbroken and slightly soft (runny).


arctic raspberry

arctic raspberry (plural arctic raspberries)

A species of slow-growing bramble belonging to the rose family and bearing a dark red, sweet fruit; Rubus arcticus, native to arctic, subarctic, and alpine regions.


Cox's Orange Pippin

Cox's Orange Pippin (plural Cox's Orange Pippins)

First grown in 1830 by English horticulturist Richard Cox.


roma

Swap the vegetables for roma tomatoes (seeded), steamed new potatoes, carrots, and chickpeas (rinsed and drained); add a pinch of curry to the vinaigrette.

2008 January–February, Mark Bittman, “The only 7 meals you need for 2008”, in Men's Health, volume 23, number 1, →ISSN, page 138:

Alternative letter-case form of Roma (“a variety of tomato”).


comfrey

comfrey (countable and uncountable, plural comfreys)

From Middle English cumfiria, from Latin (herba) cōnfirma in Pseudo-Apuleius, also called cōnsolida, cōnserva, cōnferva, from conferveo (“to boil together”); from the use of the plant in tea to aid in healing bones.

It thrives on compost and natural fertilizers brewed from comfrey or seaweed and uses only rain, natural groundwater or wastewater purified through a system of reed beds.

2007 April 25, Kim Severson, “Farmer, Cookie Maker, Ecologist and, Yes, the Future King”, in New York Times:

Any of several species of perennial herbs of the genus Symphytum, often specifically Symphytum officinale.


eggless

You can vary eggless ice cream with flavors of your choice.

2007 August 1, Mark Bittman, “From Eggless Custard, Summer’s Iced Treat”, in New York Times:


maizena

From Spanish in many contexts. In German contexts, from Maizena.


teakwood

teakwood (countable and uncountable, plural teakwoods)

In addition to stained-glass windows and a graceful chandelier over the grand staircase, the boat was festooned with elegant teakwood handrails that encircle the decks, red mahogany that graces the walls in common areas, and rare Siamese ironwood floors.

2007 October 25, Sean D. Hamill, “A Riverboat Could Be Cruising to the End of the Line”, in New York Times:

An item of craftsmanship made from teak.


malagueta

/ˌmɑləˈɡweɪdə/

/ˌmɑləˈɡeɪdə/

From Portuguese malagueta, probably via Middle French malaguette, from Italian meleghetta, from Italian melega (“sorghum”) and -etta (diminutive suffix).
There are various paths by which the name could have become applied to the African pepper. Medieval Latin melegeta was an Indonesian spice called after millet on the basis of the supposed resemblance of their grains. By the mid-15th century, the West African Grain Coast was known in Portuguese as costa da malagueta, whence the place name was borrowed into other languages and applied to its local products. Early English use reports that it was the local name of the spice, long preserved around Cape Palmas, which may indicate a Mande or Kwa origin, although such use is usually attributed to loanwords from Portuguese.
The unrelated Brazilian pepper acquired the name from its similar piquancy.

In Ginney the fruit that is most rife and common... is named Maniguetta.

1568, André Thevet, translated by Thomas Hacket, The New Found Worlde, or Antarctike, Wherein Is Contained Woderful and Strange Things, 26v:

The people of the Gold Coast, when suffering from headache, rub over the forehead a paste of Malaguetta pepper.

1863, Richard F. Burton, Wanderings in West Africa, Dover Publications 1991 edition, volume II, page 37:

Grains of Paradise, Guinea Grains, Melegueta or Mallaguetta Pepper, from Ampelopsis Grana Paradisi, or Habzeli of Ethiopia... Two kinds of these grains are known in the English markets, one plumper than the other... They resemble Pepper in their effects, but are seldom used except in veterinary practice and to give strength to spirits, wine, beer, and vinegar.

1931, Maud Grieve, A Modern Herbal, volume II, page 628:

grains of paradise
grains of paradise#English

Aframomum melegueta
Aframomum melegueta#Translingual

Synonym of grains of paradise, the seeds or seed capsules of the West African Aframomum melegueta; the plant itself.


bitter orange

bitter orange (countable and uncountable, plural bitter oranges)

Citrus aurantium
Citrus aurantium#Translingual

A citrus tree of the species Citrus ×aurantium, also called Citrus aurantium.


nigger toe

(colloquial, offensive, dated) A brazil nut.


mamaliga

From Romanian mămăligă, itself of unknown origin.

A maize porridge originating in Romania.


pennywort

pennywort (countable and uncountable, plural pennyworts)

From Middle English penywort; equivalent to penny + wort.

Umbilicus rupestris
Umbilicus rupestris#Translingual

Any of several not closely related plants around the world, generally with round leaves of about the shape and size of a penny.

(in Europe) A succulent, perennial flowering plant (Umbilicus rupestris; penny-pies, wall pennywort, kidney wort, navelwort) in the stonecrop family (Crassulaceae).

Centella asiatica
Centella asiatica#Translingual

(in Asia) The edible Asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica)

Aquatic or semi-aquatic plants in the genus Hydrocotyle (water pennywort, Indian pennywort, marsh penny, thick-leaved pennywort, and white rot).

such as the edible dollarweed (Hydrocotyle umbellata)


mamey

Borrowed from Spanish mamey, from Taíno.

An evergreen tree of species Mammea americana, or its edible fruit.

Pouteria sapota
Pouteria sapota#Translingual

A tree of species Pouteria sapota, or its fruit.

A flowering plant of species Magnolia guatemalensis


goober

Conscripts by the dozen...
Come pouring in the Castle...
Some from Mississippi state and “Goobers” from Tar river.

1863, anonymous author, “Castle Thunder”, in Louis Napoléon Boudrye, editor, Historic Records of the Fifth New York Cavalry..., Appendix, page 339:

The peanuts or earth-nuts known in North Carolina and the adjoining States as Goober peas, so that during the late Civil War a conscript from the so-called ‘piney woods’ of that State was apt to be nick-named a Goober.

1871, Maximilian Schele de Vere, Americanisms, page 57:

(chiefly Southern US, dated slang) A Georgian or North Carolinian, particularly one from the pine forests of the Sandhills region.


onion grass

onion grass (usually uncountable, plural onion grasses)

Allium vineale
Allium vineale#Translingual

Wild or feral chives, garlic, or other species with grass-like leaves in the genus Allium, particularly Allium vineale, a wild herb native to Europe and western Asia, naturalised elsewhere; a common lawn weed.


tasselseed

A mutation of maize characterized by irregular branching in its inflorescences, tassels, and ears, in addition to feminization of the tassel


goji

Marketing coinage, likely an altered pronunciation of Mandarin 枸杞 (gǒuqǐ). The earliest known usage in print was in a 1996 publication. The first usage in the LexisNexis database is a 2002 newspaper article. Wider usage began in 2003 and 2004.

A fruit in the genus Lycium, especially in commercial products where it is promoted as a superfruit.


Granny Smith

Named after Australian orchardist Maria Ann "Granny" Smith, who developed the variety.

A very tart, green-skinned apple cultivar originating in Australia.


yardlong bean

Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis#Translingual

A vigorous climbing annual vine (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) grown primarily for its strikingly long (35-75 cm) immature pods with uses very similar to that of a green bean.


caperberry

Capparis spinosa
Capparis spinosa#Translingual

Capparis spinosa, a perennial winter-deciduous plant that bears rounded, fleshy leaves and large white to pinkish-white flowers, often eaten as pickled buds (capers).


maracock

They plant also Maracocks a wild fruit like a lemmon, which also increase infinitely.

1612, John Smith, Map of Virginia, Kupperman, published 1988, page 139:

(historical) The fruit of various American passionflowers, probably Passiflora incarnata and Passiflora lutea.


raspberrying

The thought of July raspberrying brings recollections of heat, bugs, thorns, dead brush, nettles, and great stalks of wild tiger lilies scattered among the brambles.

1933, American Forests, volume 39, page 347:

Sitting down is the secret of good raspberrying. It is also easier on your pants and nerves, by the way. Raspberries call for a sitting posture.

1944, Robert P. Tristram Coffin, Mainstays of Maine, The Macmillan Company, published 1944, page 88:

During July and August, church, Sunday School, and prayer meeting returned, and there were strawberrying, swimming, the Pondlily Walk, blueberrying, raspberrying, blackberrying, […]

1957, Lura Beam, A Maine Hamlet, Yankee Books, page 138:


posho

posho (usually uncountable, plural poshos)

Borrowed from Swahili posho, itself from English portion.

(East Africa) A food product made of cornmeal.


American ginseng

American ginseng (usually uncountable, plural American ginsengs)

Panax quinquefolius
Panax quinquefolius#Translingual

Panax quinquefolius, source of an herb used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic.


zingiberene

(biochemistry) A monocyclic sesquiterpene, the predominant constituent of the oil of ginger.


marua

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana#Translingual

A type of small-grained cereal from India, Eleusine coracana, similar to millet.


salal

Borrowed from Chinook Jargon from Chinook.

Down below, a ragged line of wolves ran silently, in single file, following a deer trail through the salal.

2013, Ruth Ozeki, A Tale for the Time Being, Canongate Books (2019), page 186:

A leathery-leaved North American shrub, Gaultheria shallon, with edible sepals and leaves.


mash potato

mash potato (countable and uncountable, plural mash potatoes)

Lexicalization of a reduced pronunciation of mashed potato with regular deletion of d before p, from mashed + potato. Compare ice cream (from iced cream).

I ate a mash potato today.

1995, Conan O’Brien et al., “Foreword —Carl “Oldy” Olson”, in If They Mated?, New York, N.Y.: Hyperion, →ISBN:

Roasted Vegetables topped with a mash potato with a cheese herb crust

2008 November 9, The Wealden Hall, “Evening Brasserie Set Menu”, in Kent on Sunday, number 320, Ashford, Kent: KOS Media Ltd., page 32:

I cooked fisherman’s pie, with white fish and prawns, in a cheese sauce, with a mash potato on top.

2010, John Stewart, Twin Gap Valley, Kennoway, Fife: Spiderwize, →ISBN, page 26:

Pan Fried Lambs Liver and Bacon served on a mash potato with chives, with onion gravy

2010 April 27, The Windwhistle Inn, “Windwhistle Menu”, in Pulman’s View from Seaton & Beer, number 248, Axminster, Devon: Tindle, page 50:

Tha’ll help me make a bit of dinner for tonight with a few mash potatoes.

2011, Kathleen Doyle, “Fish and Chips”, in What Ma Always Said: […], Dublin: Poolbeg Books Ltd, →ISBN, page 145:

Interestingly enough, while Gilly usually tries do the mash potato, this time he went with a waltz.

2009, Jarrod Kimber, The Year of the Balls 2008: A Disrespective, page 39:


mashua

A type of simple fishing vessel found on the coast of East Africa.


tromboncino

tromboncino (plural tromboncinos or tromboncini)

tromboncinos (plural)
tromboncini (plural)

A kind of squash, that grows on a vine, has a shape reminiscent of a trombone, is eaten as a summer squash, and often exceeds two feet in length when mature as a winter squash.


bitternut

The bitternut hickory, Carya cordiformis, a common hickory tree native to the eastern United States and southeast Canada.


tayberry

From Tay + berry, after the River Tay in Scotland.

A cultivated shrub of the genus Rubus fruticosus x idaeus, a cross between the blackberry (R. fruiticosus) and raspberry (R. idaeus).

Taybeere

cross between the blackberry and raspberry


horoeka

Horoekas inch their way skyward like this for as many as 20 years before maturing, flowering profusely, and bearing black berries.

2000 December 12, Fodor's, New Zealand: Where to Stay, Eat, and Explore, Smart Travel Tips from A to Z Plus Maps and Color Photos, Fodor's, →ISBN:

Pseudopanax crassifolius
Pseudopanax crassifolius

(New Zealand) The lancewood tree, Pseudopanax crassifolius.


kouse

A plant or herb with edible roots, in the genus Lomatium, used in traditional Native American foods and medicines.


climbing nightshade

climbing nightshade (plural climbing nightshades)


Malabar nightshade

Malabar nightshade (usually uncountable, plural Malabar nightshades)


rösti

rösti (countable and uncountable, plural röstis)

Borrowed from Alemannic German, from the same root as English roast.

The border between German- and French-speaking Switzerland is known as the “Röstigraben” because only the first traditionally serves rösti at breakfast.

A traditional breakfast dish in Germanophone Switzerland (originally from Bern canton) made from potatoes, fried in a pan with butter or fat and widely varying other ingredients such as bacon, onions, cheese, apples or fresh herbs.

رُوسْتِي

traditional dish in Germanophone Switzerland made from fried potatoes


bluecurls

Any plant in genus Trichostema, with blue flowers.


culantro

From Spanish culantro, whence also the doublet cilantro, which see for more. Both words are doublets of coriander.

A painting of a woman wearing a burgundy shawl over a flamenco-style dress hangs on a wall, and in the garden, tomatoes, peppers, corn and culantro, an herb used in Caribbean cooking, grow in the summer.

2007 January 21, Timothy Williams, “As East Harlem Develops, Its Accent Starts to Change”, in The New York Times:

Eryngium foetidum
Eryngium foetidum#Translingual

The tropical herb Eryngium foetidum, native to Mexico, Central America and South America but cultivated worldwide, used medicinally and in Caribbean cuisine. (See Usage notes below for this sense.)


foxberry

Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vaccinium vitis-idaea#Translingual

The plant cowberry or lingonberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea.


twinberry

A North American species of honeysuckle, Lonicera involucrata.


partridgeberry

Mitchella repens
Mitchella repens#Translingual

Any of various plants, including
squaw vine, Mitchella repens


sparkleberry

From sparkle + berry, apparently a rhyme of farkleberry.


wonderberry

Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum#Translingual

The sunberry (in all senses: Solanum retroflexum, Solanum nigrum, and their respective berries).


brambleberry

From Middle English *brambelberie, *brembelberie, from Old English brǣmelberġe, equivalent to bramble + berry.


hagberry

From hag + berry.
According to Some Folklore of Trees, Animals, and River-fishing from the N.E. of Scotland, "The wood of the 'hackberry' or bird-cherry (Prunus padus) is not used as a staff or for any other purpose, as it is looked on as the witch's tree."

Prunus padus, a species of cherry native to northern Europe and northern Asia, the bird cherry.


sunberry

A historic heirloom shrub, Solanum retroflexum.

The dark blue-purple fruit of Solanum retroflexum, often combined with sugar in desserts.

European black nightshade
European black nightshade

The European black nightshade, Solanum nigrum.

The dark poisonous berry of Solanum nigrum.


pokeberry

I said that ink made from pokeberries was better than that made from inkballs. I said that inkballs on oak trees were scarce. All the other students laughed. They bought commercial ink at the stores.

considerin in her mind ... iffen the pleasure o gatherin some pokeberries an drawin dark purple picthures on a flat rock wi em would be worth the trouble...

2014, Lewis Carroll, Byron W. Sewell, Victoria J. Sewell, Alice's Adventures in an Appalachian Wonderland, Evertype, →ISBN, page 5:

Phytolacca americana
Phytolacca americana#Translingual

Synonym of pokeweed (the plant Phytolacca americana or its dark red or purple fruit).


sheepberry

Viburnum lentago
Viburnum lentago#Translingual

The plant Viburnum lentago, native to the northeastern and midwestern United States and southern Canada.


cackleberry

From cackle + berry, from the sound of a hen and the rounded shape of an egg.

He had returned with a chipped bowl full of hen's eggs. ‘Nice fresh cackleberries for your mum and dad.’

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 254:

Kestrels they hunted down for their clusters of mottled cackleberries.

2017, Benjamin Myers, The Gallows Pole, Bloomsbury, published 2019, page 218:


redberry

(Canada, Labrador) The lingonberry or cowberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea.


hindberry

From Middle English *hindberie, from Old English hindberie, hindberġe, hindberiġe, equivalent to hind + berry. Compare Dutch hennebes, hinnebes, German Himbeere, Danish hindbær.

[…] they made considerable progress in the art of embalming the wild fruits of their native land, so that they might command cranberries and hindberries at all times and seasons.

1834, The Hobart Town Magazine, volume 2, page 323:


whimberry

From earlier winberry, apparently a variant of wineberry (Middle English winberie) with regular shortening of the first vowel before a consonant cluster; in wineberry, this was prevented or reversed due to analogy.
The assimilation of /nb/ to /mb/ seen in some forms is to be expected (compare hemp < Old English henep). Other forms show the influence of unrelated words; the consonantism of forms with initial wh- is probably due to the influence of whin, while windberry clearly represents remodelling as wind + berry.

Another variable species: when fed upon whimberry or cowberry it is a most distinct-looking insect, often with the white patches placed in a triangle, one on the disk, one on the hind margin, and the usual one: no band.

1871, C. S. Gregson, “Varieties and Aberrations of Lepidoptera”, in Edward Newman, editor, The Entomologist, volume V, London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., page 75:

The lovely pink bloom of the whimberry stalk drops on the turf as the inner part knits itself into hard, green, beady fruit, whilst the leafage changes from a soft green to yellowish brown.

1900, Helen Brierley, Morgan Brierley, a Memoir: With a Selection from His Writings, Rochdale: James Clegg, page 260:

She made whimberry tarts and we ate them with thick, yellow cream until we were tight as drums.

2011 December 30, Nina Bawden, In My Own Time: Almost an Autobiography, Little, Brown Book Group, →ISBN, page 38:

Vaccinium myrtillus
Vaccinium myrtillus#Translingual

(dialectal) The bilberry or whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus).


hurtleberry

From Middle English hurtil-beri (“bilberry or blue whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus); berry of this shrub”); further etymology unknown, compare Middle English horten, hurten (“bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)”), and Old English horte (“bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)”).


mayapple

From May + apple. The fruit is notably neither related to apples (though "apple" itself has an archaic sense of generically referring to fruit), nor ripens during the month of May; only the flower blooms then around then in certain areas.

Podophyllum peltatum
Podophyllum peltatum#Translingual

A fruit-bearing flowering plant with poisonous roots, native to eastern North America, taxonomic name Podophyllum peltatum.


mazzard

In California three rootstock species are in general use. From fairly reliable estimates, about 65 per cent of the cherries grown in the state are grafted on mazzard (Prunus avium); 30 per cent are on mahaleb (P. mahaleb); and 5 per cent on morello (P. cerasus).

1951, Leonard H. Day, Cherry rootstocks in California, Berkeley, Calif.: College of Agriculture, University of California, page 4:

A sweet cherry, Prunus avium, especially when used as rootstock.


guar

From Hindi ग्वार (gvār), from Sanskrit गोपाली (gopālī, “kind of cucumber”), shortened from गोपालकर्कटी (gopālakarkaṭī, “cowherder's cucumber”), from गोपाल (gopāla, “cowherd”) + कर्कटी (karkaṭī, “cucumber”) (see Latin cucumis and cucurbita).

der

An annual legume (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), used as a food for cattle and humans.


kinoo

Alteration of kinnow, a blend of the cultivar names of its parents, 'King' and 'Willow (Leaf)'.

Citrus reticulata
Citrus reticulata#Translingual

A hybrid mandarin citrus fruit from two citrus cultivars, 'King' Citrus nobilis and 'Willow Leaf' of Citrus reticulata (syn. Citrus deliciosa), grown extensively in the Punjab region.


lancewood

en-noun

lancewood (countable and uncountable, plural lancewoods)

A tough, elastic and heavy wood obtained from the West Indies and Guiana, formerly much used for carriage shafts (Oxandra lanceolata).


cushaw

Speculation that the term derives from a Native American language is unsubstantiated.

Any of certain cultivars of Cucurbita argyrosperma (Cucurbita mixta), one of the species of winter squash.

南瓜

Cucurbita argyrosperma, the winter squash