absinthin

Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium#Translingual

(organic chemistry) The principal compound found in wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), having a bitter taste: C₁₅H₂₀O₄


abelmosk

en-noun

abelmosk (countable and uncountable, plural abelmosks)

From New Latin abelmoschus, from Arabic حَبّ الْمِسْك (ḥabb al-misk, “pills of musk”).

der

حَبّ الْمِسْك

Egyptian Ketmia, with a perfumed or Musk-Seed..., called Abelmosch of Morison.

1719, Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, The Compleat Herbal, volume I, page 70:

Abelmosk grains are the seeds of a plant... indigenous to Central Africa, Arabia, and India.

1892, William Theodore Brannt, translated by Carl Deite, A Practical Treatise on the Manufacture of Perfumery, page 230:

Abelmoschus moschatus
Abelmoschus moschatus#Translingual

The edible and aromatic seed pods (properly, capsules) of the Abelmoschus moschatus.


absinthium

From Middle English absinthium, from Latin absinthium, from Ancient Greek ἀψίνθιον (apsínthion). Doublet of absinthe.

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

(now rare) Common wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), an intensely bitter herb used in the production of absinthe and vermouth, and as a tonic.

The dried leaves and flowering tops of the wormwood plant.


march

en-verb

march (third-person singular simple present marches, present participle marching, simple past and past participle marched)

marches (present singular third-person)
marching (participle present)
marched (participle past)
marched (past)

From Middle English marchen, from Middle French marcher (“to march, walk”), from Old French marchier (“to stride, to march, to trample”), from Frankish *markōn (“to mark, mark out, to press with the foot”), from Proto-Germanic *markōną (“area, region, edge, rim, border”), akin to Persian مرز (marz), from Proto-Indo-European *merǵ- (“edge, boundary”). Akin to Old English mearc, ġemearc (“mark, boundary”). Compare mark, from Old English mearcian.

der

march to the beat of a different drummer

(intransitive) To walk with long, regular strides, as a soldier does.


march

From Middle English marche (“tract of land along a country's border”), from Old French marche (“boundary, frontier”), from Frankish *marku, from Proto-Germanic *markō, from Proto-Indo-European *merǵ- (“edge, boundary”).

der

(now archaic, historical, often plural) A border region, especially one originally set up to defend a boundary.

Juan's companion was a Romagnole, / But bred within the March of old Ancona[…].

Any of various territories with similar meanings or etymologies in their native languages.


march

From Middle English merche, from Old English merċe, mereċe, from Proto-West Germanic *marik, from Proto-Indo-European *móri (“sea”). Cognate Middle Low German merk, Old High German merc, Old Norse merki (“celery”). Compare also obsolete or regional more (“carrot or parsnip”), from Proto-Indo-European *mork- (“edible herb, tuber”).


pumpkin

en-noun

pumpkin (countable and uncountable, plural pumpkins)

From Middle French pompon, from Latin pepō, from Ancient Greek πέπων (pépōn, “large melon”), from πέπων (pépōn, “ripe”), from πέπτω (péptō, “ripen”). Suffixed with the now obsolete diminutive -kin. Doublet of pepo.
The alternative theory that it may be from Massachusett pôhpukun (“grows forth round”) is false.

noncog

(Australia) Any of a number of cultivars from the genus Cucurbita; known in the US as winter squash.


french fries

en-noun

french fries pl (normally plural, singular french fry)

Clipping of earlier French fried potatoes (1856) and French-fried potatoes, potatoes supposedly prepared in the French style.

French fries are our specialty.

“What's the matter?” she asked quickly. “Haven't we had all the things before? Soup, chops, peas, French fries, and the fruit pudding–there wasn't a thing new.”

1903, Lillian Pettengill, Toilers of the Home, New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, page 292:

His first official act was to order dinner. “A nice, juicy steak,” he is said to have called for, “French fries, apple pie and a cup of coffee.” It is probable that he really said “a coff of cuppee,” however, as he was a wag of the first water and loved a joke as well as the next king.

1922, Robert C. Benchley, chapter XXII, in Love Conquers All, Henry Holt & Company, page 111:

(chiefly Canada, US) Strips of deep-fried potatoes that have been frenched (cut into strips).

nímasii ádaałtsʼóózígo niheeshgizhgo akʼah bee shibézhígíí


absinthe

absinthe (countable and uncountable, plural absinthes)

* (wormwood; figuratively bitterness, sorrow): From Middle English absinthe.
* (liquor): From Modern French absinthe.
Both from Middle French absinthe, from Latin absinthium, from Ancient Greek ἀψίνθιον (apsínthion, “wormwood”). Doublet of absinthium.

der

The herb absinthium Artemisia absinthium (grande wormwood); essence of wormwood.


ache

From Middle English ache, from Old French ache, from Latin apium (“celery”). Reinforced by modern French ache.


grapefruit

en-noun

grapefruit (countable and uncountable, plural grapefruits or grapefruit)

grapefruits (plural)
grapefruit (plural)

→ Danish: grapefrugt (partial calque)

→ Dutch: grapefruit

→ Faroese: greypfrukt (partial calque)

→ German: Grapefruit

Norwegian:

desc

→ Norwegian Bokmål: grapefrukt (partial calque)

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: grapefrukt (partial calque)

→ Polish: grejpfrut

desctree

→ Russian: грейпфру́т (grejpfrút)
→ Armenian: գրեյպֆրուտ (greypfrut)
→ Georgian: გრეიპფრუტი (greiṗpruṭi)
→ Kazakh: грейпфрут (greipfrut)
→ Ukrainian: гре́йпфру́т (hréjpfrút)

→ Swedish: grapefrukt (partial calque)

→ Turkish: greyfurt

Widely assumed to be a marketing term from grape + fruit, an allusion to the supposed grapelike clusters of fruit on the tree, early 19th c. Ciardi proposes another theory: one of the pomelo's botanical names is Citrus grandis, meaning "great citrus [fruit]", due to the size of its fruit. A new pomelo variety might first have been called a "greatfruit" (see greatfruit), and through the process of assimilation, the word came to be pronounced "grapefruit".

Results have begun to come in and at Comfort Castle this month I spent a useful and happy half day carting round 8 children in my car to their homes where we all helped to fill in with good soil and manure, their excellently dug holes and planted the grapefruit.

Citrus paradisi
Citrus paradisi#Translingual

Citrus maxima
Citrus maxima#Translingual

The tree of the species Citrus paradisi, a hybrid of Citrus maxima and sweet orange.


Spanish chestnut

en-noun

Spanish chestnut (plural Spanish chestnuts)

Castanea sativa
Castanea sativa#Translingual

Castanea sativa, a deciduous tree with edible deep brown nutlike fruits. The fruits have a little white, fluffy tail.


apple

Tok Pisin: apel

q

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">apples</i>

→ Abenaki: aples (< apples)

→ Arikara: ápos (< apples)

→ Assamese: আপেল (apel)

→ Bengali: আপেল (apel)

→ Dhivehi: އާފަލު (āfalu)

→ East Futuna: apo

→ Fijian: yapolo

→ Fiji Hindi: aapul

→ Finnish: äpyli

→ Malay: epal (Malaysia)

→ Malayalam: ആപ്പിൾ (āppiḷ)

→ Maori: āporo

→ Marshallese: abōļ

→ Sinhalese: ඇපල් (æpal)

→ Sotho: apole

→ Tamil: ஆப்பிள் (āppiḷ)

→ Telugu: ఆపిల్ (āpil)

desc

→ Thai: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)

→ Thai: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)

→ Tokelauan: apu

→ Yurok: 'erplers (< apples)

PIE word
 *h₂ébōl
From Middle English appel, from Old English æppel (“apple, fruit in general, ball”), from Proto-West Germanic *applu, from Proto-Germanic *aplaz (“apple”) (compare Scots aipple, West Frisian apel, Dutch appel, German Apfel, Swedish äpple, Danish æble), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl, *h₂ébl̥ (“apple”) (compare Welsh afal, Irish úll, Lithuanian óbuolỹs, Russian я́блоко (jábloko), possibly Ancient Greek ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “vine”)).

inh

the apple doesn't fall far from the tree

the apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest

Him by fraud I have ſeduc'd / From his Creator, and the more to increaſe / Your wonder, with an Apple; […]

1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 485–487:

Sharon you've got a husband
And a family and a farm
I've got the apple of temptation
And a diamond snake around my arm

Woman ate the apple, and discovered sex, and lost all shame, and lift up her fig—leaf, and she must suffer the pains of hell. Monthly.

(Christianity) The fruit of the tree of knowledge, eaten by Adam and Eve according to modern Christian tradition; the forbidden fruit.


Indian

From Anglo-Norman indien, Middle French indien, corresponding to Ind + -ian. Applied to inhabitants of the Americas due to an early misconception that the Americas were the eastern end of Asia / the Indies (hence also the designation of Caribbean islands as the West Indies).

Mardi Gras Indian
Mardi Gras Indian#English


name

en-verb

name (third-person singular simple present names, present participle naming, simple past and past participle named)

names (present singular third-person)
naming (participle present)
named (participle past)
named (past)

From Middle English namen, from Old English namian (“to name, mention”) and ġenamian (“to name, call, appoint”), from Proto-West Germanic *namōn (“to name”). Compare also Old English nemnan, nemnian (“to name, give a name to a person or thing”).

my very easy method just speeds up naming planets

The painter was named as an accomplice.

(transitive) To publicly implicate by name.


date

→ German: Date

→ Hebrew: דייט (deyt)

→ Japanese: デート (dēto)

desc

→ Kashubian: dejta (Canada, United States)

→ Korean: 데이트 (deiteu)

From Middle English date, from Old French date, from Late Latin data, from Latin datus (“given”), past participle of dare (“to give”); from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- (“to give”). Doublet of data.

لِقَاء الْحُبّ

meeting with a lover or potential lover; a person so met

You may need that at a later date.


orange

en-noun

orange (countable and uncountable, plural oranges)

→ Esperanto: oranĝo

→ Japanese: オレンジ (orenji)

desc

→ Kashubian: orendż (Canada, United States)

→ Korean: 오렌지 (orenji)

→ Makah: ʔo·linčas

→ Malay: oren

→ Marshallese: oran

Etymology tree
Proto-Mon-Khmer *lŋaamder.?
Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga)bor.
Classical Persian نَارَنْگ (nārang)bor.
Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj)bor.
Old Occitan auranjabor.
Old French orengebor.
Middle English orenge
English orange
Inherited from Middle English orenge, orange, from Old French pome orenge (“fruit orange”), influenced by the place name Orange (which is from Gaulish and unrelated to the word for the fruit and color) and by Old Occitan auranja and calqued from Old Italian melarancio, melarancia, compound of mela (“apple”) and un'arancia (“an orange”), from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Early Classical Persian نَارَنْگْ (nārang), from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “orange tree”), ultimately from Dravidian. Compare Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy), compound of நாரம் (nāram, “water”) and காய் (kāy, “fruit”); also Telugu నారంగము, నారింజ (nāraṅgamu, nāriñja), Malayalam നാരങ്ങ (nāraṅṅa), Kannada ನಾರಂಗಿ (nāraṅgi)).
Originally borrowed as the surname (derived from the place name) in the 13th century, before the sense of the fruit was imported in the late 14th century and the color in 1510. In the color sense, largely displaced ġeolurēad, whence yellow-red.

cog

Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy)

నారంగము, నారింజ

橘子

technically "tangerine", but often used as "orange"

there's more than one way to peel an orange

Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis#Translingual

(countable) An evergreen tree of the genus Citrus such as Citrus sinensis which yields oranges (the fruit).

(countable) Any round citrus fruit with a yellow-red colour when ripe and a sour-sweet taste; the fruit of the orange tree.

(countable) Specifically, a sweet orange or Citrus sinensis.

orange:

(uncountable) The colour of a ripe fruit of an orange tree, midway between red and yellow.

(uncountable) An orange-coloured and orange-flavoured soft drink.


orange

en-adj

orange (comparative oranger or more orange, superlative orangest or most orange)

oranger (comparative)
more orange (comparative)
orangest (superlative)
most orange (superlative)

cog

Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy)

నారంగము, నారింజ

Having the colour of the fruit of an orange tree; yellowred; reddish-yellow.

ɔrenge

having the colour of the fruit of an orange tree


kiwi fruit

Trade name used by exporters for one of several varieties selectively bred in New Zealand; named after the endemic New Zealand bird, the kiwi, because the fruit's fuzzy brown skin resembles the plumage of the bird. From Maori kiwi (“kiwi bird”).

Actinidia deliciosa
Actinidia deliciosa#Translingual

A Chinese gooseberry vine fruit, having a hairy brown skin and dark green (or in the case of the kiwi fruit gold, yellow) flesh with fine black seeds, almost always varieties of Actinidia deliciosa.


tomato

en-noun

tomato (countable and uncountable, plural tomatoes)

→ Chichewa: tomato

→ Dutch: tomaat

→ Esperanto: tomato

→ Hawaiian: komako

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: टमाटर (ṭamāṭar)

Urdu: ٹماٹر

→ Japanese: トマト (tomato)
→ Amis: tomato

→ Kashubian: tymatus

→ Korean: 토마토 (tomato)

→ Maori: tōmato

→ Swahili: tomato

Tok Pisin: tomato

→ Welsh: tomato

→ Yoruba: tòmátì

/təˈmɑː.təʊ/

Borrowed from Spanish tomate, from Classical Nahuatl tomatl, from Proto-Nahuan *tomatl. Compare tomatillo.

Meronym: lycopene

In common parlance tomatoes are vegetables, as the Supreme Court observed long ago [see Nix v. Hedden 149 U.S. 304, 307, 13 S.Ct. 881, 882, 37 L.Ed. 745 (1893)], although botanically speaking they are actually a fruit. [26 Encyclopedia Americana 832 (Int'l. ed. 1981)]. Regardless of classification, people have been enjoying tomatoes for centuries; even Mr. Pickwick, as Dickens relates, ate his chops in "tomata" sauce.

1990, JSG Trading Corp. v. Tray-Wrap, Inc., 917 F.2d 75 (2d Cir. 1990)

The savory fruit of this plant, red when ripe, treated as a vegetable in horticulture and cooking.

berry

fruit, vegetable (see tomato § Fruit versus vegetable)


tomato

en-verb

tomato (third-person singular simple present tomatos, present participle tomatoing, simple past and past participle tomatoed)

tomatos (present singular third-person)
tomatoing (participle present)
tomatoed (participle past)
tomatoed (past)

/təˈmɑː.təʊ/

(transitive, rare) to pelt with tomatoes


cherry

→ Bengali: চেরি (ceri)

→ Burmese: ချယ်ရီ (hkyairi)

→ Cantonese: 車厘子／车厘子 (ce¹ lei⁴ zi²)

→ Hindi: चेरी (cerī)

→ Japanese: チェリー (cherī)

→ Kapampangan: tiéri

→ Korean: 체리 (cheri)

→ Malay: ceri

Indonesian: ceri

→ Maori: tiere

→ Punjabi: ਚੈਰੀ f (cairī)

→ Spanish: cherry

→ Swahili: cheri

→ Urdu: چیری (cerī)

→ Thai: เชอร์รี (chəə-rîi)

From Middle English chery, cherie, chirie, from Anglo-Norman cherise (mistaken as a plural) and Old English ċiris, ċirse (“cherry”), both ultimately from Vulgar Latin ceresia, derived from Late Latin ceresium, cerasium, from Ancient Greek κεράσιον (kerásion, “cherry fruit”), from κερασός (kerasós, “bird cherry”), and ultimately possibly of Anatolian origin (the intervocalic σ suggests a pre-Greek origin for the word). Doublet of cerise and kirsch.

dwarf cherry

P. fruticosa, P. pumila; Exocarpus strictus

Prunus subg. Cerasus
Prunus subg. Cerasus#Translingual

Prunus subg. Cerasus, trees or shrubs that bear cherries.

Non-isomorphism is detected whenever the algorithm finds a cherry v#x5F;1#x5C;inT#x5F;1…

2004, Suleyman Cenk Sahinalp, S Muthukrishnan, Ugur Dogrusoz, Combinatorial Pattern Matching:

Step 3: Output the tree T. The edge lengths of T are determined recursively: If (x,y) is a cherry connected to node z as in Step 2…

2005, Lior Pachter, Bernd Sturmfels, Algebraic Statistics for Computational Biology:

(graph theory) A subtree consisting of a node with exactly two leaves.

kahdesta lehtisolmusta koostuva alipuu

graph theory: subtree consisting of two nodes

The Indians have to get early wickets on the morrow and they will have the option of taking the new cherry.

2000, Woorkheri Raman, Indians adopt safety first tactics, ESPNcricinfo

Players are back out and it's Harmison to have first go with the cherry.

2007, Ben Dirs, England v West Indies 1st Test, BBC:


cherry

en-adj

cherry (comparative cherrier or more cherry, superlative cherriest or most cherry)

cherrier (comparative)
more cherry (comparative)
cherriest (superlative)
most cherry (superlative)

cornelian cherry

Cornus subg. Arctocrania, C. subg. Cornus, C. mas

A few years earlier, I’d restored my ’65 Mustang convertible to cherry condition—fire engine red, with matching tuck-and-roll—and I wasn’t surprised that it drew attention.

2003, John Morgan Wilson, Blind Eye, St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN, page 108:

All of my action figures are cherry

2006, “White & Nerdy”, in "Weird Al" Yankovic (lyrics), Straight Outta Lynwood, performed by "Weird Al" Yankovic:

(informal, often of cars) In excellent condition; mint condition.


tamale

Back-formation from the plural tamales, from Spanish tamales, plural of tamal, from Nahuatl tamalli (“wrapped”).

A Mexican dish of cornmeal dough shell filled with various ingredients (e.g. chopped beef, pork, sweet filling) then steamed in corn husks.


bergamot

en-noun

bergamot (countable and uncountable, plural bergamots)

From French bergamote, from Italian bergamotta, from Ottoman Turkish بك آرمودی (beg armudu, literally “a lord's pear”), denoting a fattish kind of pear. The European word developed the sense of a fruit of a certain citrus cultivar in the late 17th century.

der

/ˈbɜːɡəˌmɒt/

A tree of the orange family (Citrus × limon, syn. Citrus bergamia), having a roundish or pear-shaped fruit, from the rind of which an essential oil of delicious odor is extracted, much prized as a perfume.

Either of two plants of the mint family noted for their bergamot-like scent:

Mentha × piperita, nothosubspecies citrata, more commonly known as bergamot mint

Monarda didyma, also known as American bergamot or bee balm.

Monarda didyma
Monarda didyma#Translingual


banana

en-noun

banana (countable and uncountable, plural bananas)

Borrowed from Portuguese banana or Spanish banana, derived from a Niger-Congo language spoken in the Guinea region. Specific derivation is unclear. Possible ancestor or cognate languages include Wolof banaana, Eastern Maninkakan banana, and Vai ꕒꘌꕯ (ɓaana) or ꕒꕌꕯ (ɓaana). However, Ay Baati Wolof (Munro & Gaye, 1997) posits that Wolof banaana is itself derived from Portuguese banana.
The racial slur derives from the notion that they are "Yellow (East-Asian) on the outside, White (Westernized) on the inside".

banánový (corresponding to English attributive use)

(corresponding to English attributive use) banánový

(derogatory, ethnic slur) A person of East or Southeast Asian descent, considered to be overly assimilated and subservient to white authority.


vegetable

From Middle English vegetable, from Old French vegetable, from Latin vegetābilis (“able to live and grow”), derived from vegetāre (“to enliven”). Displaced native Old English wyrt and ofett.
Related to vigil, vigour, vajra, and waker.

der

persistent vegetative state
persistent vegetative state

(figuratively, derogatory) A person whose brain (or, infrequently, whose body) has been damaged to the point that they cannot interact with the surrounding environment; a person in a persistent vegetative state.


russet

en-noun

russet (countable and uncountable, plural russets)

From Middle English russet, from Anglo-Norman russet, rossat, roset, and Middle French rosset, rousset (“reddish, reddish-brown; a rough wool cloth”), from Middle French rous, rus (“to rouse”) + -et (diminutive suffix); compare Late Latin rossetum, russetum, russeta (“rough wool cloth”), Latin russus (“red”) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)), Occitan rosseta (“rough wool cloth”).

russet:

Rhacĭnus, ni; m. Plin[y] ex ῥάχινον, ob coloris ſimilitudinem. A fiſh of ruſſet colour.

1664, Francis Gouldman, “Rhacĭnus”, in A Copious Dictionary in Three Parts: I. The English before the Latin … II. The Latin before the English … III. The Proper Names of Persons, Places, and Other Things Necessary to the Understanding of Historians and Poets … The Whole Being a Comprisal of Thomasius and Rider’s Foundations, Holland’s and Holyoak’s Superstructure and Improvements …, London: Printed by John Field, →OCLC:

Many of theſe [turf-bogs] are capable of being converted by induſtry into excellent ground, and, where they occupy not too great a proportion of the land, they compenſate for their ruſſet or ſable hues by the abundance of fuel which they yield.

1805, James [Bentley] Gordon, chapter I, in A History of Ireland, from the Earliest Accounts to the Accomplishment of the Union with Great Britain in 1801. … In Two Volumes, volume I, Dublin: Printed by John Jones, 90, Bride-Street, →OCLC, page 6:

And I could tell / What form my dreaming was about to take. / Magnified apples appear and disappear, / Stem end and blossom end, / And every fleck of russet showing clear.

1914, Robert Frost, “After Apple-Picking”, in North of Boston, London: David Nutt, →OCLC, page 78:

Of the various kinds of woollens, the cheapest appear to be those which are known by the names of ‘bluett,’ ‘russet,’ and ‘blanket.’ […] The second appears to have been almost uniformly an inferior article; but the third is the cheapest of all. The first two terms point to the colour of the stuff, blanket being undyed stuff. It seems that sometimes russet is understood to be cloth made from black wool.

1866, James E[dwin] Thorold Rogers, “On the Price of Textile Fabrics and Clothing”, in A History of Agriculture and Prices in England: From the Year after the Oxford Parliament (1259) to the Commencement of the Continental War (1793): Compiled Entirely from Original and Contemporaneous Records, volumes I (1259–1400), Oxford: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 575:

A coarse, reddish-brown, homespun fabric; clothes made with such fabric.

vadmal

historical in this tense: red-brown, coarse fabric


russet

en-adj

russet (comparative more russet, superlative most russet)

more russet (comparative)
most russet (superlative)

But looke, the Morne in Ruſſet Mantle clad, / Walkes o're the dew of yon high Eaſterne Hill, […]

c. 1599–1601, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies, London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, act I, scene i, page 153, column 2:

Oh, long may thoſe, bleſt Cherry-Tree, / Whoſe generous hearts incircle thee, / A deſtiny ſo partial ſhare, / As actual bliſs and fancied care! / And long as theſe fair woodbines twine / Around this ruſſet coat of thine, / May I to all thy friends be join'd / In fondeſt union of the mind: […]

1786 November, [Samuel Jackson] Pratt, “The Cherry-Tree”, in The Scots Magazine, volume XLVIII, Edinburgh: Printed by Murray and Cochrane, →OCLC, page 556, column 2:

Arnak shook his heavy russet head, bemused.

2015, Alison Gardiner, chapter 15, in The Serpent of Eridor, Kibworth Beauchamp, Leicestershire: Matador, →ISBN, page 104:

[W]hen they him ſpie, / As Wilde-geeſe, that the creeping Fowler eye, / Or ruſſed^([sic – meaning russet])-pated choughes, many in ſort / (Riſing and cawing at the guns report) / Seuer themſelues, and madly ſweepe the skye: / So at his ſight, away his fellowes flye, […]

c. 1590–1597, William Shakespeare, “A Midsommer Nights Dreame”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies, London: Printed by Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, act III, scene ii, pages 151, columns 1–2:

Many apple varieties are mottled or russet, with a rough, dull skin hiding crisp, flavorful flesh.

2015, Jennifer A. Jordan, “Remembering Applies”, in Edible Memory: The Lure of Heirloom Tomatoes & Other Forgotten Foods, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 98:

(botany) Having a rough skin that is reddish-brown or greyish; russeted.


russet

en-verb

russet (third-person singular simple present russets, present participle russeting or russetting, simple past and past participle russeted or russetted)

russets (present singular third-person)
russeting (participle present)
russetting (participle present)
russeted (participle past)
russeted (past)
russetted (participle past)
russetted (past)

Pear psylla causes damage when nymphs, feeding at high densities on leaves, produce enough honeydew to drip onto the fruit. A black, sooty mold fungus then grows into the honeydew, distorting and russeting the fruit surface, which substantially lowers its commercial value, […]

1995, T. R. Unruh, P. H. Westigard, K. S. Hagen, “Pear Psylla”, in J. R. Nechols et al., editors, Biological Control in the Western United States: Accomplishments and Benefits of Regional Research Project W-84, 1964–1989 (University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication; 3361), Oakland, Calif.: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, →ISBN, page 95:

Cultivars differ greatly in their propensity to russet: the characteristic is heritable but more than one factor seems to be involved[…].

2003, John E. Jackson, “Flowers and Fruits”, in The Biology of Apples and Pears (Biology of Horticultural Crops), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 323:

I surprised my own amazement in the looking glass / where the resinous radiance of a chandelier / russeted the chaise longue and the chiffonier. / Autumn lay over everything I loved.

2007, Eric [Linn] Ormsby, “Time’s Covenant”, in Time’s Covenant: Selected Poems, Emeryville, Ont.: Biblioasis, →ISBN, prologue, stanza 3, page 256:

(transitive, intransitive, of apples, pears, etc.) To develop reddish-brown spots; to cause russeting.


queen

Tok Pisin: kwin

desc

⇒ American Sign Language: G@Shoulder-PalmDown G@Abdomen-PalmDown

→ Burmese: ကွင်း (kwang:)

→ German: Queen

→ Japanese: クイーン (kuīn), クィーン (kwīn)

→ Korean: 퀸 (kwin)

→ Marshallese: kwiin

→ Sikaiana: kuini

→ Spanish: cuina

→ Thai: ควีน (kwiin)

From Middle English quene, queen, cwen, from Old English cwēn (“queen”), from Proto-West Germanic *kwāni, from Proto-Germanic *kwēniz (“woman”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷénh₂s (“woman”).
Cognate with Scots queen, wheen (“queen”), Old Saxon quān ("wife"; > Middle Low German quene (“elderly woman”)), Dutch kween (“woman past child-bearing age”), Swedish kvinna (“woman”), Norwegian kvinne (“woman”), Danish kvinde (“woman”), Icelandic kvon (“wife”), Gothic 𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃 (qēns, “wife”), Norwegian dialectal kvån (“wife”). Related to and possibly merged with and/or absorbed some senses of English quean, from Middle English quene, from Old English cwene (“woman; female serf, quean”), see quean. Generally eclipsed non-native Middle English regina (“queen”), borrowed from Latin rēgīna (“queen”) (see Modern English regina). Doublet of quean and gyne.

gloss

"wife"; > Middle Low German <i class="Latn mention" lang="gml">quene</i> (“elderly woman”)

cog

[…] and yet I will not ſay but amongſt duſt there is Pearle found, and in hard rockes Dyamonds of great value, and ſo amongſt many women there are ſome good, as that gracious and glorious Queene of all woman kinde the Virgin Mary the mother of al bliſſe, what wun her honour, but an humble minde and her paines and loue vnto our Sauiour Chriſt.

1620, Thomas Tell-Troth [pseudonym of Joseph Swetnam], The Araignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward, and Unconstant Women: Or the Vanitie of Them, Choose You Whether, London, published 1807, retrieved 2022-01-14:

A woman whose pre-eminence, power, or forcefulness is comparable to that of a queen.

(Christianity) The Virgin Mary (especially in formulations such as Queen of Heaven, Queen of Glory).


lavender

en-noun

lavender (countable and uncountable, plural lavenders)

From Middle English lavendre, from Anglo-Norman lavendre (French lavande), from Medieval Latin lavendula, possibly from Latin lividus (“bluish”), but influenced by lavō (“wash”) due to use of lavender in washing clothes.

Any of a group of European plants, genus, Lavandula, of the mint family.


tangerine

/ˈtæn.d͡ʒəˌɹiːn/

From French Tanger + -ine, after Tangier, Morocco.


omelette

omelette (countable and uncountable, plural omelettes)

From French omelette, from alemette, from alemelle (“knife blade”), probably derived from la lemelle, from Latin lamella (“thin plate”).

you can't make an omelette without breaking eggs

you've got to crack a few eggs to make an omelette

He crossed to the window, which looked on to a herb garden, and seated himself on the chintz-covered window-seat and delicately watched the two, who were engaged in eating omelette and salad at a round table near the fire-place.

1912, w:Marjorie Bowen [pseudonym; Margaret Gabrielle Vere Long], “The Heretic”, in The Quest of Glory, London: Methuen & Co. Ltd. […], part I (The Quest Joyful), pages 69–70:

She had never meant to confide in him — certainly not here, eating omelette and cheese sauce — but that look seemed to demand a confidence.

1969, J[ohn] B[oynton] Priestley, “London End”, in The Image Men, Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company, →LCCN, page 288:

She stayed to lunch that day, eating omelette and peas in the kitchen, followed by treacle tart.

1985, Christine Pullein-Thompson, Wait for Me Phantom horse, London: Award Publications Limited, published 1997, →ISBN, page 64:

A dish made with beaten eggs cooked in a frying pan without stirring, flipped over to cook on both sides, and sometimes filled or topped with other foodstuffs, for example cheese or chives.


tortilla

An authentic Spanish tortilla is traditionally made with just eggs, potatoes, onions, salt and pepper, but this version contains sliced red and green peppers for a bit of extra colour and flavour.

2004, The Student Cookbook, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

(Spanish cuisine) Spanish omelette; an omelette containing potatoes and onions.


guava

guava (countable and uncountable, plural guavas)

Etymology tree
Taíno *wayababor.
Spanish guayababor.
English guava
Recorded since 1555, from Spanish guayaba, from Taíno *wayaba. Doublet of guayaba, which is now rare or obsolete.

etymon

CREAM CHEESE AND GUAVA JELLY SANDWICH: Spread an equal number of slices of lightly buttered white bread with guava jelly and cream cheese. Put slices together and trim the edges.

1909, Eva Greene Fuller, The Up-To-Date Sandwich Book: 400 Ways to Make a Sandwich, page 118:

Its yellowish tropical fruit, 1¼ to 2 inches, globular or pear-shaped with thin, yellow, green or brown skin, is often made into jams and jellies. The meat can be yellowish to pale green or pink in color, depending on the variety.


hazel

en-noun

hazel (usually uncountable, plural hazels)

From Middle English hasel, from Old English hæsl (“hazel, shrub”), from Proto-West Germanic *hasl, from Proto-Germanic *haslaz (“hazel”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóslos (“hazel”). Cognate with Dutch hazelaar (“hazel”), German Hasel (“hazel”), Swedish hassel (“hazel”), Latin corulus, corylus (“hazel-tree, hazelwood”), Irish coll (“hazel”).

The green turf was velvet underfoot. The blackbirds fluted in the hazels there.

1895, S. R. Crockett, A Cry Across the Black Water:

Have a tree or two the witches particularly like, such as the alder, larch, cypress and hemlock; then, to counteract any possible evil effects, there must be a holly, yew, hazel, elder, mountain ash or juniper.

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 273:

(countable) A tree or shrub of the genus Corylus, bearing edible nuts called hazelnuts or filberts.


plum

→ Cornish: ploum

→ Haida: pláms

→ Manx: plumbis

→ Japanese: プラム (puramu)

→ Scottish Gaelic: plumas

→ Thai: พลัม (plam)

From Middle English plomme, ploume, from Old English plūme, from Proto-West Germanic *plūmā, borrowed from Latin prūnum. Doublet of prune.

Indian plum

esp Flacourtia indica; Osmaronia cerasiformis

An edible, fleshy stone fruit of Prunus domestica (European plum), often of a dark red or purple colour.

Prunus domestica
Prunus domestica#Translingual

The edible, fleshy stone fruit of several species resembling the plum, or the tree from which they grow.

Prunus sect. Prunocerasus North American plums

Prunus angustifolia (Chickasaw plum or sand plum)

Prunus angustifolia
Prunus angustifolia#Translingual

Prunus nigra (Canadian plum or black plum)

Prunus rivularis (creek plum or hog plum)

Prunus subcordata (Klamath plum or Oregon plum)

Prunus subcordata
Prunus subcordata#Translingual


plum

en-adj

plum (comparative more plum, superlative most plum)

more plum (comparative)
most plum (superlative)


olive

From Middle English olyve, from Old French olive (“olive, olive tree”), from Latin olīva (“olive”), from Etruscan *𐌄𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌅𐌀 (*eleiva) or Proto-Greek *ἐλαίϝα (*elaíwa), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *loiwom (compare Old Church Slavonic лои (loi, “tallow”), Old Armenian եւղ (ewł, “oil”)). Doublet of oliva. Displaced native Old English eleberġe, literally "oil berry."

Olea europaea
Olea europaea#Translingual

A tree, Olea europaea, cultivated since ancient times in the Mediterranean for its fruit and the oil obtained from it.

(neuroanatomy) An olivary body, part of the medulla oblongata.

a beef olive

olives of veal

(cooking) A small slice of meat seasoned, rolled up, and cooked.

Any shell of the genus Oliva and allied genera; so called from the shape.

(UK, dialect) An oystercatcher, a shore bird.


avocado

en-noun

avocado (countable and uncountable, plural avocados or avocadoes)

→ Icelandic: avókadó

→ Irish: abhacád

→ Venda: ḽiafukhada

→ Welsh: afocado

/ævəˈkɑːdəʊ/

Borrowed from Latin American Spanish avocado, from the earlier aguacate, which comes from Classical Nahuatl āhuacatl (“avocado”). Doublet of abacate. Compare aguacatillo, avocadillo.
The first mention can be found in the 1696 catalogue of Jamaican plants.

The large, usually yellowish-green or black, savory fruit of the avocado tree.

ໝາກອາໂວກາໂດ

māk ʼā wō kā dō


chestnut

chestnut (countable and uncountable, plural chestnuts)

→ Gujarati: ચેસ્ટનટ (cesṭanaṭ)

Formerly chesten nut, from Middle English chesten, Middle English chesteyne, chasteine, from Old English ċisten and reinforced by Old French chastaigne, both from Latin castānea, from Ancient Greek καστάνεια (kastáneia). Compare castanet.

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire


grape

grape (countable and uncountable, plural grapes)

From Middle English grape, from Old French grape, grappe, crape (“cluster of fruit or flowers, bunch of grapes”), from graper, craper (“to pick grapes”, literally “to hook”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *krappō (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *greb- (“hook”), *gremb- (“crooked, uneven”), from *ger- (“to turn, bend, twist”). Cognate with Middle Dutch krappe (“hook”), Old High German krapfo (“hook”) (whence German Krapfen (“Berliner doughnut”). Doublet of grappa. More at cramp.

mountain grape

Vitis rupestris; Berberis aquifolium, syn. Mahonia aquifolium

possum grape

Vitis vulpina; Vitis baileyana; Cissus spp.

racoon grape

Vitis labrusca et al.; Ampelopsis cordata

table grape

Vitis spp.; see varieties thereof at List of grape varieties

sea grape; tail grape

(countable) Any of various fruits or plants with varying resemblances to those of genus Vitis but belonging to other genera; their edibility varies.

(US, slang, colloquial, African-American Vernacular) A person's head.


lemon

desc

→ Kashubian: lemòna (Canada, United States)

Cream Lemon
Lemon
Lemon (color)
Lemon (geometry)

Inherited from Middle English lymon, from Old French lymon (“citrus”), from Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn) or Persian لیمون (limon), from Persian لیمو (limu), from Sanskrit निम्बू (nimbū, “lime”), ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *limaw or Munda. Likely doublet of lime.
The fandom sense is named after the erotic anime series Cream Lemon.

Negaprion brevirostris
Negaprion brevirostris#Translingual


rice

en-noun

rice (countable and uncountable, plural rices)

→ Bislama: raes

→ Tok Pisin: rais

From Middle English rys, from Old French ris, from Old Italian riso, risi, from Byzantine Greek ὄρυζα (óruza), from an Eastern Iranian language related to Middle Persian blnc (*brinǰ), Northern Kurdish riz (beyond Euphrates) and Zazaki riz. Theorized to come to Iranian languages from Sanskrit व्रीहि (vrīhi).
Prior to Sanskrit, it is speculated to be possibly a borrowing from a Dravidian language (compare Proto-Dravidian *wariñci (“rice”)), or from Austroasiatic languages further east.
Alternatively Byzantine Greek ὄρυζα (óruza) is said to be from Hebrew אורז (órez), from South Arabian areez ultimately from Old Tamil 𑀅𑀭𑀺𑀘𑀺 (arici).
Doublet of arroz.

Rice is a tropical plant; yet Carolina and Georgia grow the finest in the world; heavier grained, better filled, and more merchantable, than any imported into Europe from the Indies.

1831, Daniel Jay Browne, The Naturalist, volume 1, page 375:

Drought stress causes yield reductions and sometimes total crop failures in rainfed rice areas of Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

1982, International Rice Research Institute, Drought Resistance in Crops with Emphasis on Rice:

Rice transformed with genes encoding human CYP1a1, CYP2B6, and CYP2C19 are more tolerant of various herbicides than non-transgenic rice plants, due to increased metabolism by the introduced P450 enzymes [Kawwahigashi et al. 2005a, 2007, 2008; James et al. 2008].

2014, V. S. Rao, Transgenic Herbicide Resistance in Plants:

(uncountable) Cereal plants, Oryza sativa of the grass family whose seeds are used as food.


ail

en-verb

ail (third-person singular simple present ails, present participle ailing, simple past and past participle ailed)

ails (present singular third-person)
ailing (participle present)
ailed (participle past)
ailed (past)

From Middle English eilen, from Old English eġlan, eġlian (“to trouble, afflict”), from Proto-West Germanic *aglijan, from Proto-Germanic *aglijaną (“to trouble, vex”), cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (agljan, “to distress”).

inh

Have some chicken soup. It's good for what ails you.

What aileth thee, Hagar?

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 21:17:

Not content with having in 1996 put a Defence of Marriage Act (DOMA) on the statue book, Congress has now begun to hold hearings on a Respect for Marriage Act. Defended, respected: what could possibly ail marriage in America?

2011, “Connubial bliss in America”, in The Economist:

(transitive) To cause to suffer; to trouble, afflict. (Now chiefly in interrogative or indefinite constructions.)


strawberry

en-noun

strawberry (countable and uncountable, plural strawberries)

→ Bengali: স্ট্রবেরি (sṭroberi)

→ Chichewa: sitiroberi

→ Gujarati: સ્ટ્રોબેરી (sṭroberī)

desc

→ Hindi: स्ट्रॉबेरी (sṭrŏberī)

→ Hindi: स्ट्रॉबेरी (sṭrŏberī)

→ Indonesian: stroberi

→ Kannada: ಸ್ಟ್ರಾಬೆರಿ (sṭrāberi)

→ Kashubian: stroberi (Canada, United States)

ໝາກສະຕໍເບີຣີ

→ Lao: ໝາກສະຕໍເບີຣີ (māk sa tǭ bœ̄ rī)

→ Lao: ໝາກສະຕໍເບີຣີ (māk sa tǭ bœ̄ rī)

→ Malay: strawberi

สตรอว์เบอร์รี

→ Thai: สตรอว์เบอร์รี (sà-dtrɔɔ-bəə-rîi)

/ˈstɹɔˌbɛɹi/

/ˈstɹɑˌbɛɹi/

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *strow-o-m
Proto-Germanic *strawą
Proto-West Germanic *strau
Old English strēaw
Proto-Germanic *bazją
Proto-West Germanic *baʀi
Old English berġe
Old English strēawberġe
Middle English strawbery
English strawberry
From Middle English strawbery, strauberi, from Old English strēawberġe, corresponding to straw + berry.

barren strawberry

Potentilla sterilis or Waldsteinia fragarioides

They went to pick strawberries today.

The sweet, usually red, edible fruit of certain plants of the genus Fragaria.

She has the best strawberry patch I've ever seen.

He told his father, and said it would be just suitable work for him to run about fields and woods amongst the strawberry hills after a flock of hares, and now and then lie down and take a nap on some sunny hill.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 170:

Any plant of the genus Fragaria (that bears such fruit).

strawberry:

A dark pinkish red color, like that of the fruit; strawberry red.


strawberry

en-adj

strawberry (comparative strawberrier, superlative strawberriest)

strawberrier (comparative)
strawberriest (superlative)

/ˈstɹɔˌbɛɹi/

/ˈstɹɑˌbɛɹi/

ethyl methylphenylglycidate
ethyl methylphenylglycidate

Flavored with ethyl methylphenylglycidate, an artificial compound which is said to resemble the taste of strawberries.


egg

en-noun

egg (countable and uncountable, plural eggs)

→⇒ German: not the yellow from the egg

Jamaican Creole: eg

Sranan Tongo: eksi

The noun is derived from Middle English eg, egg, egge (“egg of a domestic or wild fowl; egg of a snake”) [and other forms] (originally Northern England and Northeast Midlands), from Old Norse egg (“egg”), from Proto-Germanic *ajją (“egg”) (by Holtzmann’s law), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ōwyóm (“egg”), probably from *h₂éwis (“bird”), from *h₂ew- (“to clothe oneself, dress; to be dressed”) (in the sense of an animal clothed in feathers). Doublet of huevo, oeuf, and ovum.
The native English ey [and other forms] (plural eyren) (obsolete), from Old English ǣġ, is also derived from Proto-Germanic *ajją. It survived into at least c. 16th century before being fully displaced by egg.
The verb is derived from the noun.

wôwan

approximately spherical or ellipsoidal body produced by birds, insects, reptiles, and other animals, housing the embryo within a membrane or shell during its development

ou

thing which looks like or is shaped like an egg

kill the goose that lays the golden eggs

there's more than one way to cook an egg

there's more than one way to crack an egg

In the Fall into the division of labor, [Claude] Lévi-Strauss sees the great hunters trading women to create the exogamous bonds of one hunting band with another. The egg is, but the sperm does. The tiny sperm may be furious in its activity, but its highway to the egg is paved by the alkaline trail set down by the Great Mother.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, “Hominization”, in The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture (A Lindisfarne Series Book), New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN, part 2 (The Transformations of Prehistory), page 80:

Although they serve the same function across the plant, animal and fungal kingdoms, sperm and eggs vary wildly in their structure and biochemistry, even among closely related species. […] Many genes that determine sperm and egg structure and biochemistry are rapidly evolving, constantly changing the chemical environment necessary for the sperm to bind to the egg.

2013 May-June, Katrina G. Claw, “Rapid Evolution in Eggs and Sperm”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, New Haven, Conn.: Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2013-04-22, abstract, page 210:

(also cytology) Synonym of ovum (“the female gamete of an animal”); an egg cell.


egg

en-verb

egg (third-person singular simple present eggs, present participle egging, simple past and past participle egged)

eggs (present singular third-person)
egging (participle present)
egged (participle past)
egged (past)

(intransitive) To collect the eggs (noun sense 1.1) of wild birds.


chat

chat (third-person singular simple present chats, present participle chatting, simple past and past participle chatted)

chat Two people chatting. (canonical)
chats (present singular third-person)
chatting (participle present)
chatted (participle past)
chatted (past)

Abbreviation of chatter. The bird sense refers to the sound of its call.

Do you want to chat online later?

To exchange text or voice messages in real time through a computer network, as if having a face-to-face conversation.

(by extension, Philippines) To send a text message via Facebook Messenger instead of via SMS.


chat

en-noun

chat (countable and uncountable, plural chats)

Internet Relay Chat

(countable, uncountable) An exchange of text or voice messages in real time through a computer network, resembling a face-to-face conversation.

談話

conversation to stop an argument or settle situations


raspberry

→ Japanese: ラズベリー (razuberī)

From earlier raspis berry, possibly from raspise (a sweet rose-colored wine), from Anglo-Latin vinum raspeys, of uncertain origin. Possibly related to rasp (“coarse, rough”), of Germanic origin.

عُلَّيْق m (ʕullayq) (which also means blackberry)

Any of many other (but not all) species in the genus Rubus.

The juicy aggregate fruit of these plants.


raspberry

en-adj

raspberry (comparative raspberrier, superlative raspberriest)

raspberrier (comparative)
raspberriest (superlative)

She wore a raspberry beret / The kind you find in a second hand store

1985, Prince (lyrics and music), “Raspberry Beret”, in Around the World in a Day, performed by Prince and the Revolution:


raspberry

Cockney rhyming slang, from raspberry tart = fart (though "raspberry" is rarely used for a fart, merely a noise which imitates it). Compare raspberry ripple = cripple.

Of the announcement, Osborne said: "They have spent a hundred billion pounds of public money and they've got a massive raspberry from everyone as far as I can see. As a PR exercise, it's been an object lesson in how not to make a government announcement."

2021 December 1, “Network News: Integrated Rail Plan: Osborne predicts HS2 eastern leg will return”, in RAIL, number 945, page 8:

(colloquial) A noise intended to imitate the passing of flatulence, made by blowing air out of the mouth while the tongue is protruding from and pressed against the lips, or by blowing air through the lips while they are pressed firmly together or against skin (often a form of tickling) used humorously or to express derision.


acorn

From Middle English acorn, an alteration (after corn) of earlier *akern, from Old English æcern (“acorn, oak-mast”), from Proto-Germanic *akraną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂égrō (“berry”). Cognate with Scots aicorn, Saterland Frisian Äkkene, Tocharian B oko (“fruit”), Welsh eirin (“plums”), Breton irin (“plum”), Irish airne (“sloe”), Lithuanian úoga, Russian я́года (jágoda, “berry”), etc. Not related to Old English āc (“oak”) or corn (“corn, seed”).

even a blind pig can find an acorn once in a while

even a blind squirrel finds an acorn every now and then

even a blind squirrel finds an acorn every once in a while


nettle

From Middle English netle, netel, from Old English netle, netele, netel, from Proto-West Germanic *natilā (cognate with Old Saxon netila, Middle Dutch netele (modern Dutch netel), German Nessel, Middle Danish nædlæ (“nettle”)), a diminutive of Proto-Germanic *natǭ (of unknown origin, perhaps from the same source as net).

Certain non-stinging plants, mostly in the family Lamiaceae, that resemble the species of Urtica:


laser

A gum resin obtained from certain umbelliferous plants.


cardoon

Borrowed from Middle French cardon, from Medieval Latin cardon, singular form of cardō, from Latin carduus (“thistle”). Doublet of chard.

Means: m. Void, and emptie places between beds in gardens, reserved for speciall hearbes; such are the spaces left for Cardoons betweene rowes of Onyons.

1611, Randle Cotgrave, A dictionarie of the French and English tongues:

As I have already said, I nowhere saw the cardoon south of the Salado; but it is probable that in proportion as that country becomes inhabited, the cardoon will extend its limits.

1839, Charles Darwin, The Voyage of the Beagle:

In the sixteenth century, Ruellius speaks of the cardoon as a food that was appreciated as asparagus is today.

2001, Clifford A. Wright, Mediterranean Vegetables: A Cook's ABC of Vegetables and Their Preparation:

Cynara cardunculus
Cynara cardunculus#Translingual

Cynara cardunculus, a prickly perennial plant related to the artichoke which has leaf stalks eaten as a vegetable.


hazelnut

Equivalent to hazel + nut; from Middle English haselnote, from Old English hæselhnutu (“hazelnut”). Cognate with West Frisian hazzenút (“hazelnut”), Saterland Frisian Hoaselnuute (“hazelnut”), Dutch hazelnoot, German Haselnuss.

cog

Corylus avellana
Corylus avellana#Translingual

The fruit of the hazel, especially Corylus avellana, which is grown commercially.

(Corylus avellana, Corylus tubulosa) tuinavaälanöt

usually the American hazel (Corylus americana or Corylus maxima) which is common in Oregon.

cobnut (usually the common hazel which grows in the UK and Europe; filbert


artichoke

→ Bengali: হাতিচোক (haticōk)

→ Cantonese: 雅枝竹 (ngaa⁵ zi¹ zuk¹)

desc

→ Hebrew: ארטישוק

→ Hebrew: ארטישוק

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: आटिचोक (āṭicok)

Urdu: اٹچوک (āṭicok)

→ Indonesian: articok

→ Korean: 아티초크 (atichokeu)

→ Japanese: アーティチョーク

→ Japanese: アーティチョーク

→ South Levantine Arabic: أرضي شوكي

→ Thai: อาติโช๊ค (aa-tí-chóok)

/ˈɑɹ.tɪˌtʃoʊk/

/ˈɑː.tɪˌtʃəʊk/

Diccionario de la lengua española
artichoke

From Lombard articioch (cf. articiocco), from Occitan artichaut, from Old Spanish alcarchofa, from Andalusian Arabic الْخَرْشُوف (al-ḵaršūf), from Arabic الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf), definite form of خُرْشُوف (ḵuršūf).

der

Arabic الْخُرْشُوف (al-ḵuršūf)

Cynara cardunculus

the currently accepted taxonomic name, which also includes cardoons

A plant related to the thistle with enlarged flower heads eaten as a vegetable while immature, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus.

أَرْضِي شَوْكِي

ʔarḍī šawkī, ʔarḍī šōkī


clutch

From Middle English clucchen, clicchen, cluchen, clechen, cleken, from Old English clyċċan (“to clutch, clench”), from Proto-West Germanic *klukkjan, from Proto-Germanic *klukjaną, from Proto-Germanic *klu- (“to ball up, conglomerate, amass”), from Proto-Indo-European *glew- (“to ball up; lump, mass”).
Cognate with Swedish klyka (“clamp, fork, branch”). The noun is from Middle English cleche, cloche, cloke ("claw, talon, hand"; compare Scots cleuk, cluke, cluik (“claw, talon”)), of uncertain origin, with the form probably assimilated to the verb.
Alternative etymology derives Old English clyċċan from Proto-Germanic *klēk- (“claw, hand”), from Proto-Indo-European *glēk-, *ǵlēḱ- (“claw, hand; to clutch, snatch”). If so, then cognate with Irish glac (“hand”).

gloss

The pedal in a car that disengages power and torque transmission from the engine (through the drivetrain) to the drive wheels.

enbrage

The pedal in a car that disengages power transmission

cloche

Caribbean Islands, Colombian Atlantic Coast

Any device for gripping an object, as at the end of a chain or tackle.


clutch

Variant form of cletch, from Middle English cleken (“to hatch”), perhaps from Old Norse klekja (“to hatch”).

For instance, baby chicks influence their mother’s behaviour by giving high piercing cheeps when they are lost or cold. This usually has the immediate effect of summoning the mother, who leads the chick back to the main clutch.

1976, Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene, Kindle edition, OUP Oxford, published 2016, page 82:

A brood of chickens or a sitting of eggs; a sitting.


geniting

/ˈd͡ʒɛnɪtɪŋ/

Probably from a diminutive of French Jean (“John”), so named as becoming ripe about St. John’s Day, June 24.

In July come gilliflowers of all varieties, musk-roses, the lime-tree in blossom, early pears, and plums, in fruit, genitings, codlins[…]

1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Gardens”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

A variety of apple that ripens very early


mandarin

→ Irish: mandairín

From Portuguese mandarim, mandarij, from Malay menteri, manteri, and its source, Sanskrit मन्त्रिन् (mantrin, “minister, councillor”), from मन्त्र (mantra, “counsel, maxim, mantra”) + -इन् (-in, an agent suffix). In Chinese folk etymology, the word originates from Mandarin 滿大人／满大人 (Mǎndàrén, literally “Manchu important man”).

com

LIKE THE MANDARINS of old, the rulers of China live behind high walls. When they emerge, which they rarely do, they travel in cars with rear windows curtained like sedan chairs.
They live in the Chung Nan Hai, a walled park adjacent to the Forbidden City from where ancient dynasties ruled the Celestial Empire.

1991, Chris Mullin, The Year of the Fire Monkey (Fiction), London: Chatto & Windus, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 252:

(historical) A high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire.


mash

en-noun

mash (countable and uncountable, plural mashes)

From Middle English mash, from Old English mǣsċ-, māsċ-, māx-, from Proto-Germanic *maiskaz, *maiskō (“mixture, mash”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyǵ-, *meyḱ- (“to mix”). Akin to German Meisch, Maische (“mash”), (compare meischen, maischen (“to mash, wash”)), Swedish mäsk (“mash”), and to Old English miscian (“to mix”). See mix.


peach

peach (countable and uncountable, plural peaches)

i

from the plural <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">peaches</i>

→ Abenaki: biches (from the plural peaches)

→? Arapaho: biisib

→ Bengali: পীচ (pic) (probably)

→ Haida: píichas

→ Malay: pic (probably)

→? Maori: pītiti

→ Swahili: pichi (probably)

→ Thai: พีช (píit)

From Middle English peche, borrowed from Old French pesche (French pêche), Vulgar Latin *pessica (cf. Medieval Latin pesca) from Late Latin persica, from Classical Latin mālum persicum, from Ancient Greek μᾶλον περσικόν (mâlon persikón, “Persian apple”). Displaced Middle English persogʒe, from Old English persoc, from the same Latin root above.

der

μᾶλον περσικόν

I think it the best way to plant the fifteen sorts, and the hard Peaches I have mentioned, in the same order as they stand in the list.

1768, M. Combles, A Treatise Upon the Culture of Peach Trees, page 8:

Several attempts have been made to class the varieties of Peaches and Nectarines by the leaf and flower, as well as the fruit.

1840, Thomas Bridgeman, The Young Gardener’s Assistant, page 136:

Scattered plantings of peaches are maintained on the light-textured deep alluvial soils of the Foster, Cajon, Hanford, Hesperia, and Greenfield series west of Porterville, near Woodville, Poplar, Sausalito School, and farther south along the Kern County boundary line north of Delano.

1942, Raymond Earl Storie, Soil Survey, the Pixley Area, California, volume 1, page 11:

State universities and U.S. Department of Agriculture facilities have largely replaced the private state and national pomological and horticultural organizations as the primary researchers for peach cultivation.

2014, Melissa Walker, The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, volume 11, page 183:

Prunus persica
Prunus persica#Translingual

(countable) Any tree of species Prunus persica, native to China and now widely cultivated throughout temperate regions, having pink flowers and edible fruit.

[A]nd that the English should eat peaches in May, and green pease in October, sounds to Italian ears as a miracle; they comfort themselves, however, by saying that they must be very insipid, while we know that fruits forced by strong fire are at least many of them higher in flavour than those produced by sun […]

1789, Hester Lynch Piozzi, Observations and Reflections Made in the Course of a Journey Through France, Italy, and Germany, volume II, page 191:

When dissolved, stir it up well, and put in the peaches, without crowding them, and boil them slowly about twenty minutes.

1869, The American Housewife and Kitchen Directory, page 104:

Shall I part my hair behind? Do I dare eat a peach? / I shall wear white flannel trousers, and walk upon the beach.

1915 June, T[homas] S[tearns] Eliot, “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, in Prufrock and Other Observations, London: The Egotist […], published 1917, →OCLC, page 15:

Boiling water or steam loosens the peel of very ripe peaches, especially freestone or melting-flesh types, in 10–30 sec.

2012, Jasper Woodroof, Commercial Fruit Processing, page 103:

(countable, uncountable) Soft juicy stone fruit of the peach tree, having yellow flesh, downy, red-tinted yellow skin, and a deeply sculptured pit or stone containing a single seed.


peach

en-verb

peach (third-person singular simple present peaches, present participle peaching, simple past and past participle peached)

peaches (present singular third-person)
peaching (participle present)
peached (participle past)
peached (past)

From Middle English pechen, from apechen (“to accuse”) and empechen (“to accuse”), possibly from Anglo-Norman anpecher, from Late Latin impedicō (“entangle”). See impeach.

If I be ta'en, I'll peach for this.

"But will your cousin tell?" was Ripton's reflection.
"He!" Richard's lip expressed contempt. "A ploughman refuses to peach, and you ask if a Feverel will?"

1859, George Meredith, chapter 9, in The Ordeal of Richard Feverel. A History of Father and Son. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Chapman and Hall, →OCLC:

And his father had told him if he ever wanted anything to write home to him and, whatever he did, never to peach on a fellow.

1916, James Joyce, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, paperback edition, Macmillan Press Ltd, page 21:

"Do you think we want to peach? No, thank you. We may be none too good, but we won't hang a guy up, no matter who he is.[…]"

1913, Rex Stout, Her Forbidden Knight, Carroll & Graf, published 1997, →ISBN, page 123:

(intransitive, obsolete) To inform on someone; turn informer.


peach

Chlorite forms the characterizing ingredient in chlorite slate; it is common in Cornwall with the tin veins, constituting with quartz the rock commonly known there as killas; the ordinary name for chlorite is peach.

1858, Robert Philips Greg, Manual of the mineralogy of Great Britain & Ireland:

Peach, which is a word used by the Cornish miners, in a generic sense, to denote all minerals of the chloritic family—and is consequently a very convenient word—seems to be essentially the "mother" of tin; but the experience of Cornwall goes to show that peach alone does not produce a permanent tin mine: an intermixture of quartz is necessary to give what miners call "strength" to the lode.

1862, “Illustrated Notes on Prominent Mines”, in The Mining and Smelting Magazine, volume 2, page 17:

A quartz (sparry) vein, unless accompanied by other minerals such as peach, chlorite, &c., is considered valueless as an indication of the presence of ore.

1908, James Bastian Hill, The Geology of Falmouth and Truro and of the Mining District of Camborne and Redruth:

(mineralogy, obsolete, Cornwall) A particular rock found in tin mines, sometimes associated with chlorite.


pear

→⇒ Chinese: 啤梨 (pílí)

→⇒ Khmer: ផ្លែភា (phlae phiə)

→ Sotho: pere

→ Thai: แพร์ (pɛɛ)

→ Tokelauan: pea

→ Xhosa: ipere

From Middle English pere, from Old English pere, from Proto-West Germanic *peru, from Vulgar Latin *pira, originally the plural of Latin pirum but reconstrued as a feminine singular, ultimately a loanword from an unknown Mediterranean substrate source. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Peere (“pear”), Dutch peer (“pear”), Danish pære (“pear”), French poire (“pear”), German Birne (“pear”), Icelandic pera (“pear”), Swedish päron (“pear”).


fried egg

(golf, slang) A golf ball half-buried in sand in a bunker.


moth

en-noun

moth (countable and uncountable, plural moths)

The plant Vigna aconitifolia, moth bean.


uva

(botany) A small pulpy or juicy fruit containing several seeds and having a thin skin, such as a grape.


prune

en-verb

prune (third-person singular simple present prunes, present participle pruning, simple past and past participle pruned)

prunes (present singular third-person)
pruning (participle present)
pruned (participle past)
pruned (past)

From Middle English prune, from Old French prune, from Vulgar Latin *prūna, feminine singular formed from the neutral plural of Latin prūnum, from Ancient Greek προῦνον (proûnon), variant of προῦμνον (proûmnon, “plum”), a loanword from a language of Asia Minor. Doublet of plum.

I hardly left that spot in my pool that month even when my fingers pruned and chlorine dried out my skin.

2005, Alycia Ripley, Traveling with an Eggplant, page 111:

(intransitive, informal) To become wrinkled like a dried plum, as the fingers and toes do when kept submerged in water.


prune

From Middle English prunen, prounen, proinen, from Old French proignier (“to trim the feathers with the beak”), earlier prooignier, ultimately from Latin pro- ("front") + rotundus (“round”) 'to round-off the front'.

der

A good grape grower will prune the vines once a year.

But poore old man, thou prun'ſt a rotten tree, / That cannot ſo much as a bloſſome yeelde

c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iii], page 191:

Our delightful task / To prune these growing plants, and tend these flowers.

1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

(transitive, horticulture) To remove excess material from a tree or shrub; to trim, especially to make more healthy or productive.

to prune a budget, or an essay

taking into consideration how they [laws] are to be pruned and reformed

1605, Francis Bacon, “(please specify |book=1 or 2)”, in The Twoo Bookes of Francis Bacon. Of the Proficience and Aduancement of Learning, Diuine and Humane, London: […] [Thomas Purfoot and Thomas Creede] for Henrie Tomes, […], →OCLC:

(transitive, figuratively) To cut down or shorten (by the removal of unnecessary material).

When internal dissension and a decline in popularity set in, Johnny was pruned from the Crests.

1990, Wayne Jancik, The Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders, →ISBN, page 229:

(transitive) To remove (something unnecessary) for the sake of cutting down or shortening that which it was previously part of.


mint

en-noun

mint (countable and uncountable, plural mints)

From Middle English mynte, from Old English minte (“mint plant”), from Proto-West Germanic *mintā (“mint”), from Latin menta, probably from a lost Mediterranean language either through Ancient Greek μίνθη (mínthē), μίνθα (míntha) or directly. Akin to Old Norse minta (“mint”). Doublet of mentha.

Any plant in the genus Mentha in the family Lamiaceae, typically aromatic with square stems.


currant

(hurry–furry merger, cure–fir merger) courant

Borrowed from French raisin de Corinthe (literally “grapes of Corinth, the city in Greece”). Cognate with Dutch krent. Doublet of Corinth.

bor

The fruit of various shrubs of the genus Ribes, white, black or red.


archangel

From Middle English archangel, from Old French archangele, from Latin archangelus, from Ancient Greek ἀρχάγγελος (arkhángelos) from Ancient Greek prefix ἀρχι- (arkhi-) + ἄγγελος (ángelos, “messenger”). By surface analysis, arch- + angel.

A powerful angel that leads many other angels, but is still loyal to a deity, and often seen as belonging to a particular archangelical rank or order within a greater hierarchy of angels. (Judeo-Christian examples: Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, Uriel).


envy

en-noun

envy (countable and uncountable, plural envies)

From Middle English envie, from Old French envie, from Latin invidia (“envy”), from invidere (“to look at with malice”), from in- (“on, upon”) + videre (“to look, see”). Doublet of envie. Cognate to Proto-Slavic *zavistь (“envy”).
Displaced native Old English æfest.


cauliflower

cauliflower (countable and uncountable, plural cauliflowers)

→ Japanese: カリフラワー (karifurawā)

From 16th century cole-florye, equivalent to cole (from Latin caulis) + flower, reformed to more closely match the Latin etymon. Cognate with French chou-fleur, Italian cavolfiore.

ASPARAGUS, cauliflowers, imperial Sileſia, royal and cabbage lettuces, burnet, purſlain, cucumbers, naſturtian flowers, peaſe and beans ſown in October, artichokes, ſcarlet ſtrawberries, and kidney beans.

1767, A Lady [Hannah Glasse], The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Eaſy […] , page 326:

Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, an annual variety of cabbage, of which the cluster of young flower stalks and buds is eaten as a vegetable.

The edible head or curd of a cauliflower plant.

His ears were small (fortunately so, given his dramatic hairstyle) and bore no traditional cauliflowers.

2018, John Harding, The Whitechapel Whirlwind: The Jack Kid Berg Story:


cauliflower

en-verb

cauliflower (third-person singular simple present cauliflowers, present participle cauliflowering, simple past and past participle cauliflowered)

cauliflowers (present singular third-person)
cauliflowering (participle present)
cauliflowered (participle past)
cauliflowered (past)

I noticed his right ear was badly cauliflowered and that explained a number of things. It wasn't a new job of cauliflowering.

1947, Elliott Chaze, The Stainless Steel Kimono, page 49:

Returning to your first point, the cauliflowering of magnesite bricks — we presume that this is due to your using high concentrations of oxygen for blowing the furnace, giving high checker-temperatures.

1960, Transactions of the British Ceramic Society, page 281:

The soft steel of the back edge by now has cauliflowered over from hammering on it.

1974, Alexander G. Weygers, The Modern Blacksmith, page 39:

(transitive, intransitive) To (cause to) swell up like a cauliflower ear.


mast

From Middle English mast, from Old English mæst (“mast”), from Proto-West Germanic *mast, from Proto-Germanic *mastaz (“mast, sail-pole”), from Proto-Indo-European *mazdos (“pole, mast”). Cognate with Dutch mast, German Mast, and via Indo-European with Latin mālus, Russian мо́ст (móst, “bridge”), Irish adhmad.

der

(nautical, communication, aviation) A tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, sails or observation platforms on a ship, the main rotor of a helicopter, flags, floodlights, meteorological instruments, or communications equipment, such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires (except in the case of a helicopter).


mast

en-noun

mast (countable and uncountable, plural masts)

From Old English mæst (“fallen nuts, food for swine”) and mæstan (“to fatten”), from West Germanic; probably related to meat.

der

She shut them straight in sties, and gave them meat: / Oak-mast, and beech, and cornel fruit, they eat,

c. 1609, George Chapman, Homer, Prince of Poets [translation of Odyssey]

The Winter comes, and then the falling Maſt, / For greedy Swine, provides a full repaſt.

1697, Virgil, “The Second Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 93, lines 755–756:

[T]hey feed and grovel like Swine under an Oak, filling themſelves with the Maſt, but never ſo much as looking up, either to the Bows that bore, or the Hands that ſhook it down.

1715, Robert South, “A Sermon on Proverbs i. 32.”, in Twelve Sermons Preached at Several Times, and upon Several Occasions, volume IV, London: […] G. James, for Jonah Bowyer […], →OCLC, pages 73–74:

He […] would begin to pick up the seed-cases or mast, squeeze each one with his fingers to see if it were fertile, and drop it if it were not.

1955, Robin Jenkins, The Cone-Gatherers, Canongate, published 2012, page 162:

The fruit of forest-trees (beech, oak, chestnut, pecan, etc.), especially if having fallen from the tree, used as fodder for pigs and other animals.


mast

en-verb

mast (third-person singular simple present masts, present participle masting, simple past and past participle masted)

masts (present singular third-person)
masting (participle present)
masted (participle past)
masted (past)

Any individual tree which masted in a generally non-mast year would be subjected to the exclusive attention of the seed predators and so would be selected against.

1985, Michael Fenner, Seed ecology, page 33:

However, if this were true, all or most masting species (e.g., Fagus and Quercus) in a forest would have to mast in synchrony to be effective against generalist herbivores.

2004, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Christian Körner, Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Forest Diversity and Function: Temperate and Boreal Systems, page 28:

Because dipterocarp seeds are winged and spin gracefully as they fall, the dispersal of millions of dipterocarp seeds during a masting event is one of the greatest spectacles that you can see on planet Earth.

2008, Chris Rowthorn, Muhammad Cohen, China Williams, Borneo, page 50:

(agriculture, forestry, ecology, of a population of plants) To produce a very large quantity of fruit or seed in certain years but not others.


mast

(bodybuilding slang) The anabolic steroid drostanolone propionate, also known as Masteron


mast

From French masse, with -t probably after Etymology 1, above.

Godfrey thus conquered, pretended to lose his temper, curs'd his own ill luck, swore that the table had a cast, and that the balls did not run true, changed his mast, and with great warmth challenged his enemy to double his sum.

1751, [Tobias] Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), London: Harrison and Co., […], →OCLC:

(obsolete, billiards) A type of heavy cue, with the broad end of which one strikes the ball.


walnut

en-noun

walnut (countable and uncountable, plural walnuts)

From Middle English walnote, walnutte, walnotte, from Old English wealhhnutu (“walnut”, literally “foreign nut”), from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“foreigner”) + *hnuts (“nut”). Cognate with Dutch walnoot, German Walnuss, Swedish valnöt, Icelandic valhneta. Compare more recent term Welsh onion, which also uses Welsh to mean “foreign”.


swede

From the earlier term Swedish turnip, because the Swedes introduced the plant to the English in the 1700s.

(Scotland, Ireland, Northern England) The turnip.


almond

en-noun

almond (countable and uncountable, plural almonds)

From Middle English almond, almaund, from Old French almande, amande, from Vulgar Latin *amendla, *amandula, from Latin amygdala, from Ancient Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē), of uncertain origin. Influenced by amandus and by many European words of Arabic origin beginning with the Arabic definite article Arabic ال (al-). Compare Spanish almóndiga and Portuguese almôndega (“meatball”) from Andalusian Arabic البُنْدُقَة (“hazelnut”). Doublet of amygdala, amygdale, and mandorla.

doublet

Other plants that produce almond-like nuts:

bitter almond. of variety Prunus amygdalus var. amara, (syn. Prunus dulcis var. amara), that only produces bitter fruits

Prunus japonica, flowering almond, an ornamental shrub in family Rosaceae

Prunus andersonii, desert almond, a North American shrub in family Rosaceae

Prunus fasciculata, desert range almond or wild almond, North American shrub in family Rosaceae

Terminalia catappa, Indian almond or tropical almond, in family Combretaceae

Terminalia catappa
Terminalia catappa#Translingual

Brabejum stellatifolium or bitter almond, in family Proteaceae


popcorn

en-noun

popcorn (countable and uncountable, plural popcorns)

Georgian: პოპკორნი (ṗoṗḳorni)

German: Popcorn

desc

Greek: ποπ κορν (pop korn), ποπκόρν (popkórn)

Icelandic: poppkorn

Japanese: ポップコーン (poppukōn)

Korean: 팝콘 (papkon)

Norwegian:

Bokmål: popkorn

Nynorsk: popkorn

Polish: popcorn

Russian: попко́рн (popkórn)

Swedish: popcorn

Short for popped + corn. By surface analysis, pop + corn.

(chiefly uncountable) A snack food made from corn or maize kernels popped by dry heating.

springmielie

a snack food made from corn kernels popped by dry heating

મકાઈની ધાણી

makāīnī dhāṇī


berry

→ Indonesian: beri

→ Japanese: ベリー (berī)

→ Thai: เบอร์รี (bəə-rîi)

→ Thai: เบอร์รี (bəə-rîi)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *bazją
Proto-West Germanic *baʀi
Old English berġe
Middle English berye
English berry
From Middle English berye, from Old English berġe, from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Bäie, West Flemish beier, German Beere, Icelandic ber, Danish bær.
The slang sense "police car" may come from the lights on the vehicles' roofs.

etymon

the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice

the darker the berry, the sweeter the juice

(botany) A soft fruit which develops from a single ovary and contains seeds not encased in pits.

漿果

botany: soft fruit developing from a superior ovary and containing seeds not encased in pits


berry

en-verb

berry (third-person singular simple present berries, present participle berrying, simple past and past participle berried)

berries (present singular third-person)
berrying (participle present)
berried (participle past)
berried (past)

On summer days Grandma used to take us berrying, whether we wanted to go or not.

Partly because I always itched and prickled in a berry patch I may have been disinclined to nibble as I worked; but largely I think it was because I berried under a master strategist and I wanted to see how well we could coordinate our efforts...


alliaceous

en-adj

alliaceous (comparative more alliaceous, superlative most alliaceous)

more alliaceous (comparative)
most alliaceous (superlative)


marrow

en-noun

marrow (countable and uncountable, plural marrows)

From Middle English mary, marow, marwe, marowȝ, from Old English mearg, from Proto-West Germanic *maʀg, from Proto-Germanic *mazgą, *mazgaz, from Proto-Indo-European *mosgʰos. Compare West Frisian moarch, Dutch merg, German Mark, Swedish märg, Icelandic mergur, and also Russian мозг (mozg, “brain”), Polish mózg (“brain”), Persian مغز (mağz, “brain”). Doublet of maghaz.

Turning back, then, toward the basement staircase, she began to grope her way through blinding darkness, but had taken only a few uncertain steps when, of a sudden, she stopped short and for a little stood like a stricken thing, quite motionless save that she quaked to her very marrow in the grasp of a great and enervating fear.

1914 November, Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published 1915, →OCLC, chapter III (Accessory After the Fact), page 382, column 1:

Chop me up, I like to be hurt / Drink my marrow and blood for dessert

(uncountable) The substance inside bones which produces blood cells.

The finest European vegetables, cabbages, cauliflowers, potatoes, vegetable marrow, were lying in the market-hall, awaiting purchasers.

1847, Sir Robert Hermann Schomburgk, “Steam-Boat Voyage to Barbados”, in Bentley's Miscellany, volume XXII, London: Richard Bentley, page 37:

A kind of vegetable like a large courgette/zucchini or squash.


marrow

Cheers marrow!

(Geordie, informal) A friend, pal, buddy, mate.


ach

From Middle English ache, from Old French ache, from Latin apium (“parsley”).

(obsolete) Any of several species of plants, such as smallage, wild celery, parsley.


maize

maize (countable and uncountable, plural maizes)

Borrowed from Spanish maíz, from Taíno *mahis, *mahisi, from Proto-Arawak *marikɨ. Cognate with Lokono marisi, Wayuu maiki.

A fundamental creative act of American man was the development of maize. For it was maize that made possible and sustained the whole Peruvian civilization as well as Mexican and Central American ones. Exactly where it originated is not known, but corn was found in pre-Mayan graves dating to 3000 B.C.

1972, Lytle Robinson, chapter 5, in Edgar Cayceʼs Story of the Origin and Destiny of Man, USA: Berkley Publishing Corporation, page 106:

Corn; a type of grain of the species Zea mays.

аԥш

corn; a type of grain of the species Zea mays

Milje

Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina)


lawyer

From Middle English lawier, lawyer, lawer, equivalent to law + -yer.

A professional person with a graduate law degree that qualifies for legal work (such as Juris Doctor)


garlic

garlic (countable and uncountable, plural garlics)

Inherited from Middle English garlek, garlik, from Old English gārlēac (“garlic”, literally “spear-leek”), from gār ("spear"; in reference to its sharp, tapering leaves) + lēac (“leek”). Cognate with Scots garlic (“garlic”), Faroese geirleykur (“garlic”), Icelandic geirlaukur (“garlic”).

gl

Athletes' use of herbal supplements has skyrocketed in the past two decades. At the top of the list of popular herbs are echinacea and ginseng, whereas garlic, St. John's wort, soybean, ephedra and others are also surging in popularity or have been historically prevalent.

2013 March 5, David S. Senchina, “Athletics and Herbal Supplements”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 2, archived from the original on 2013-05-16, page 134:

Allium sativum
Allium sativum#Translingual

A plant, Allium sativum, related to the onion, having a pungent bulb much used in cooking.

(uncountable) A preparation from Allium sativum used as a food ingredient or the flavor or other characteristics of such an ingredient.


garlic

en-verb

garlic (third-person singular simple present garlics, present participle garlicking, simple past and past participle garlicked)

garlics (present singular third-person)
garlicking (participle present)
garlicked (participle past)
garlicked (past)

[…]then through the sunned gathering of her marjoram and sweet basil from the herb garden, reading of book reviews in the latest Scientific American, into the layering of a lasagna, garlicking of a bread, tearing up of romaine leaves, eventually, oven on, into the mixing of the twilight's whisky sours against the arrival of her husband, Wendell (“Mucho) Maas from work, she wondered, wondered, shuffling back through a fat deckful of days which seemed (wouldn't she be first to admit it?) more or less identical, or all pointing the same way subtly like a conjurer's deck, any odd one readily clear to a trained eye.

1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 1, in The Crying of Lot 49, Philadelphia, Pa.; New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC, page 2:


cos

Clipping of cos lettuce, variously derived from the Greek island of Kos and from Arabic خس (ḵass, “lettuce”).

(chiefly UK) Synonym of romaine lettuce, a long-leaved variety of lettuce.


cos

Taking the shortcut through the alleyway by the Jobcentre Plus, just cos I can, we arrive at my flat within minutes.

2021, Isabel Waidner, Sterling Karat Gold, Peninsula Press, page 161:

(UK, Ireland, South Africa, African-American Vernacular) Informal spelling of 'cause (“because”).


cos

(informal, African-American Vernacular) Alternative form of coz, cousin.


cos

The stages and distances are as follows:—Hitounda to Bhainsa Dobháng, 3½ cos; to Bhimphédy, 4 cos; to Tambakhâni, 3 cos; to Chitlong, 3 cos; to Thankot, 3 cos; to Káthmándú, 3 cos—Total, 19½ cos.

1857, Brian Houghton Hodgson, Selections from the Records of the Government of Bengal, No. XXVII: Papers Relative to the Colonization, Commerce, Physical Geography, &c., &c., of the Himalaya Mountains and Nepal, p. 22

Alternative form of coss, a traditional Nepali unit of distance.


onion

Bislama: anian

Tok Pisin: anian

→ Maori: aniana

From Middle English onyoun, oynoun, from Old French oignon, from Latin ūniōnem, accusative of ūniō (“onion, large pearl”), which had also been borrowed into Old English as yne, ynnelēac (“onion”) (> Middle English hynne-leac, henne-leac). Also displaced Middle English knelek (literally “knee-leek”) and the inherited term ramsons.
* (soy): Stems from a 4chan word filter which changes the word soy to onions. The word filter was implemented in relation to the "alpha onion eater" meme, which is depicted as the direct opposite of the soy boy.

noncog

A monocotyledonous plant (Allium cepa), allied to garlic, used as vegetable and spice.

(4chan, slang) Soy, particularly when used in compound words related to the soy boy stereotype.


melon

en-noun

melon (countable and uncountable, plural melons)

→ Japanese: メロン

→ Korean: 멜론 (mellon)

→ Welsh: melon

From Middle English meloun, melon, from Old French melon, from Late Latin melonem, from Latin melopeponem, from Ancient Greek μηλοπέπων (mēlopépōn), from μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”) + πέπων (pépōn, “ripe”).

(countable) Any of various plants of the family Cucurbitaceae grown for food, generally not including the cucumber.

Genus Cucumis, various musk melons, including honeydew, cantaloupes, and horned melon.

(uncountable) The large, round to ovoid fruits that have rinds and are of such plants

(countable, Australia, New Zealand, derogatory) A member of the Green Party, or similar environmental group.


ginger

ginger (countable and uncountable, plural gingers)

→ Greek: τζίντζερ (tzíntzer)

→ Japanese: ジンジャー (jinjā)

→ Maltese: ġinġer

→ Manx: jinshar

→ Welsh: sinsir

→ Zulu: újínja

Inherited from Middle English gingere, alteration of gingivere, from Old English gingifer, gingiber (influenced by Old French gingembre), from Medieval Latin gingiber, zingiber, from Latin zingiberi, from Late Ancient Greek ζιγγίβερις (zingíberis), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera), ultimately from Dravidian, compare Tamil இஞ்சிவேர் (iñcivēr) from இஞ்சி (iñci, “ginger”) + வேர் (vēr, “root”).

/ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/

Zingiber officinale
Zingiber officinale#Translingual

The pungent aromatic rhizome of a tropical Asian herb, Zingiber officinale, used as a spice and as a stimulant and acarminative.

Other species belonging to the same family, Zingiberaceae, especially those of the genus Zingiber

Can you buy dry ginger in Croatia? If not what is an alternative?

(colloquial, countable and uncountable) Ginger ale, or can or bottle of such (especially if dry).

Here’s, um, not toast but bread, anyway. And a can of ginger.

A lot of people will tell you ‘ginger’ tastes best in glass, and there is a science behind that,” says the company’s commercial director.

2015 August 19, Douglas Fraser, bbc.co.uk:

Maybe I was naive in thinking that baking with fizzy juice (soda, ginger, pop, whatever your regional name for the stuff is!) would be straightforward.

2016 January 7, Amy, baking with granny.co.uk:

(colloquial, Scotland, especially Glasgow, countable and uncountable) Any fizzy soft drink, or can or bottle of such; pop; soda.


peanut

From pea + nut, perhaps a folk etymology of pinda, pinder (still found in Southern US dialects).

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea#Translingual

A legume resembling a nut, the fruit of the plant Arachis hypogaea, native to South America.


pineapple

pineapple (countable and uncountable, plural pineapples)

Pineapple Primary
en:pineapple
en:pineapple (disambiguation)

→ Japanese: パイナップル
→ Yami: pinapo

From Middle English pinappel (“pinecone”, literally “pine-apple/pine-fruit”), equivalent to pine + apple. Later applied to the fruit of the pineapple plant due to its resemblance to a pinecone. Compare the Middle Dutch and Dutch pĳnappel, the Middle Low German pinappel, the Old High German pīnapful, the Middle High German pīnaphel, and the early Modern German pinapfel — all in the sense of “pine cone”. Compare also the post-Classical Latin pomum pini, the Old French pume de pin, the Middle French and French pomme de pin and Spanish piña.

inh

pineapple strawberry Fragaria × ananassa)

Ananas comosus
Ananas comosus#Translingual

A tropical plant, Ananas comosus, native to South America, having thirty or more long, spined and pointed leaves surrounding a thick stem.


tuna

The prickly pear, a type of cactus native to Mexico in the genus Opuntia.


service

en-verb

service (third-person singular simple present services, present participle servicing, simple past and past participle serviced)

services (present singular third-person)
servicing (participle present)
serviced (participle past)
serviced (past)

→ Dutch: service

→ Indonesian: servis

→ German: Service

→ Hindustani

Hindi: सर्विस (sarvis)

Urdu: سروس (sarvis)

→ Hungarian: szerviz

→ Japanese: サービス (sābisu)

→ Korean: 서비스 (seobiseu)

→ Persian:

Dari: سرویس (sarwīs)

→ Russian: сервис (servis)

→ Ukrainian: сервіс (servis)

From Middle English servise, from Old French servise (French service), from the verb servir, from Latin servitium (compare Portuguese serviço, Italian servizio, Norman sèrvice, Spanish servicio), from servus (“servant; serf; slave”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo-s (“guardian”), possibly from *ser- (“watch over, protect”). Displaced native Old English þeġnung.

He serviced her several times a week.

(transitive, vulgar) To perform a sexual act upon.


apricot

en-noun

apricot (countable and uncountable, plural apricots)

Alteration of apricock (with influence from French abricot), itself an alteration of abrecock (with influence from Latin apricum (“sunny place”)), from dialectal Catalan abrecoc, abricoc, variants of standard albercoc, from Arabic الْبَرْقُوق (al-barqūq, “plums”), from Byzantine Greek βερικοκκία (berikokkía, “apricot tree”), from Ancient Greek πραικόκιον (praikókion), from Late Latin (persica) praecocia (literally “(peaches) which ripen early”), (mālum) praecoquum (literally “(apple) which ripens early”). Doublet of precocious.

der

pickled apricots

A round sweet and juicy stone fruit, resembling peach or plum in taste, with a yellow-orange flesh, lightly fuzzy skin and a large seed inside.

Prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca#Translingual

(slang, Australia, dated, usually in the plural) A testicle.


wheat

en-noun

wheat (countable and uncountable, plural wheats)

From Middle English whete, from Old English hwǣte, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaitī, from Proto-Germanic *hwaitijaz (compare West Frisian weet, Dutch weit, Low German Weten, German Weizen, Danish hvede, Swedish vete, Norwegian Nynorsk kveite, Icelandic hveiti), from *hwītaz (“white”). More at white.

(countable) Any of several cereal grains, of the genus Triticum, that yields flour as used in bakery.


bobby

Bro I’m booky, I’ll take your food if my belly starts rumblin
They rap about bootings, they ain’t blammed nobody
Hold that properly when I bang that dotty
I put sniff in a rex, and I slang that bobby

2017, “Next Up?”, Digga D (lyrics), performed by 1011 (Digga D x Sav'O x T.Y):


blueberry

blueberry (countable and uncountable, plural blueberries)

(countable) An edible round berry, belonging to the cowberry group (Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus), with flared crowns at the end, that turns blue on ripening.


turmeric

turmeric (countable and uncountable, plural turmerics)

From Middle English turmeryte, tarmaret, of uncertain origin. Possibly corrupted from Arabic كُرْكُم (kurkum, “Curcuma”). Others have theorized it might come from Old French terre mérite (“deserving earth”).

Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa#Translingual

(botany) An Indian plant (Curcuma longa), with aromatic rhizomes, part of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae).


beet

→ Chickasaw: (from the plural) biits

→ Hawaiian: piki

→ Maori: pīti

From Middle English bete, from Old English bēte, from Latin bēta, possibly of Celtic origin.

The beet is a hardy species.

Beta vulgaris
Beta vulgaris#Translingual

Beta vulgaris, a plant with a swollen root which is eaten or used to make sugar.


potato

potato (countable and uncountable, plural potatoes)

[pə̥ˈtʰeɪtʰəʊ]

[pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾoʊ]

[pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾə]

[pə̥ˈɾeɪ.ɾə]

Borrowed from Spanish patata, itself borrowed from Taíno batata (“sweet potato”).

Do not let your child have potato for another year; he will probably take milk well enough after he is weaned.

1891, “Condensed Replies to Various Letters”, in Leroy M[ilton] Yale, editor, Babyhood: The Mother’s Nursery Guide, Devoted to the Care of Children, volume VII, New York, N.Y., London: Babyhood Publishing Company, page 230, column 2:

The protein value of this dish is equal to that of 1⅛ pounds of potato and beef, the fuel value, however, being much in excess of these.

1912, C[harles] F[ord] Langworthy, Caroline L[ouisa] Hunt, Cheese and Its Economical Uses in the Diet (Farmers’ Bulletin 487), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, page 24:

A number of the children said that they had potato for breakfast, potato and herring for dinner, potato and milk for supper.

1915, Annual Report of the Local Government Board for Scotland, page 17:

Potatoes were introduced to Ireland in 1590 after being brought to Europe by Spanish conquistadores from their place of origin in the South American Andes.

2017, Anthony J. McMichael, Alistair Woodward, Cameron Muir, Climate Change and the Health of Nations, →ISBN, page 213:

The rocketing popularity of potatoes in London's diet led to the conversion of the temporary GNR passenger station north of the canal [...] as a dedicated potato terminal, whose significant traffic was stolen from coastal shipping.

2021 December 1, Nigel Harris, “St Pancras and King's Cross: 1947”, in RAIL, number 945, page 42:

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum#Translingual

The tuber of a plant, Solanum tuberosum, eaten as a starchy vegetable, particularly in the Americas and Europe; this plant.

بطاطا

bṭāṭa, baṭāṭa

note that eorþæppel referred to cucumbers

Metaphor for a person or thing of little value.

(slang, offensive) A mentally handicapped person.

When most people refer to their computers as a potato they're being hyperbolic, but not Ethan. He plays Overwatch at 800x600 resolution with all settings on low and is excited when he gets 30 fps.

2017 March 17, Steven Messner, “Overwatch community donates PC parts to fan who could barely run it at 800x600”, in PC Gamer:

If you want to have a go right now, then Famitracker will let you compose songs for the NES and it'll run on a Windows-operated potato.

2019 September 22, Benjamin Burns, “Meet the people making music with Mega Drives, Game Boys and gAtaris”, in Eurogamer:

(humorous, slang, computing) An underpowered computer or other device, especially when small in size.


potato

[pə̥ˈtʰeɪtʰəʊ]

[pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾoʊ]

[pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾə]

[pə̥ˈɾeɪ.ɾə]

(onomatopoeia, often repeated) The rhythmic sound produced by a V-twin engine—a distinctive deep, throaty exhaust note.


more

From Middle English more, moore (“root”), from Old English more, moru (“carrot, parsnip”) from Proto-West Germanic *morhā, from Proto-Germanic *murhǭ (“carrot”), from Proto-Indo-European *merk- (“edible herb, tuber”).
Akin to Old Saxon moraha (“carrot”), Old High German morha, moraha (“root of a plant or tree”) (German Möhre (“carrot”), Morchel (“mushroom, morel”)). More at morel.


more

en-verb

more (third-person singular simple present mores, present participle moring, simple past and past participle mored)

mores (present singular third-person)
moring (participle present)
mored (participle past)
mored (past)

From Middle English moren, from the noun. See above.


hatch

From Middle English hacche, hacchen (“to propagate”), from Old English *hæċċan, āhaċċian (“to peck out; hatch”), from Proto-Germanic *hakjaną.
Cognate with German hecken ‘to breed, spawn’, Danish hække (“to hatch”), Swedish häcka (“to breed”); akin to Latvian kakale ‘penis’.

These pullets are from an April hatch.

(poultry) A group of birds that emerged from eggs at a specified time.


poke

From Middle English poke, from Anglo-Norman poke (whence pocket), from Frankish *poka. More at pocket. Doublet of pouch.

(Scotland, Northern Ireland) An ice cream cone or a bag of chips


jelly

en-noun

jelly (countable and uncountable, plural jellies)

→ Chickasaw: cheliꞌ

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gel-
Latin gelū
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin gelō
Proto-Italic *-ātos
Latin -ātus
Latin -āta
Early Medieval Latin gelātabor.
Old French geleebor.
Middle English gele
English jellyFrom Middle English gele, borrowed from Old French gelee, borrowed from Early Medieval Latin gelāta, from Latin gelō + -āta. Doublet of gelee.

etymon

(New Zealand, Australia, British) A dessert made by boiling gelatine, sugar and some flavouring (often derived from fruit) and allowing it to set, known as "jello" in North America.


Holy Ghost

From Middle English Holi Gost, from Old English Hāliġ Gāst, a calque of Latin Spīritus Sānctus, which in turn is a calque of Ancient Greek Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον (Pneûma tò Hágion), from πνεῦμα (pneûma, “breath, vital force, soul”) + ἅγιος (hágios, “holy”)), a calque of Hebrew רוח הקודש (ruaḥ ha-qodesh), from רוח (ruaḥ, “wind, breath, spirit”) + קודש (qodesh, “holiness”), from earlier רוח יהוה (ruaḥ yahveh, “wind of Yahweh”).

calque

Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον

Now the birth of Iesus Christ was on this wise: When as his mother Mary was espoused to Ioseph (before they came together) shee was found with childe of the holy Ghost.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 1:18:

O God the Holy Ghost, Perfecter of the Elect, Have Mercy on us.

1728, “The Litany of the Saints and Angels”, in A Manual of Prayers and Other Christian Devotions, page 50:

I baptise thee in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.

1899, “Lay Baptism”, in The Catholic's Pocket Prayer-Book, page 4:

There are deadly sins from which God's people may recover. A man may even communicate unworthily, and yet, so be it he sin not against the Holy Ghost, he may find forgiveness.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

(Christianity) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence, which becomes present in and among the faithful (particularly inspired prophets) and is considered to proceed either (Eastern Orthodoxy) from God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.


tom

From generic use of the proper name Tom.

The male of the domesticated cat, especially if not neutered.


tom

Toms 90p a pound

“I'd like sausage, eggs, bacon, toms, mushies, beans – oh, and some fried bread,” said Mike.

2009, Mark Penny, Jonathan Penny, The Golden Pig, page 160:

(British, greengrocers' slang) A tomato (the fruit).


mango

en-noun

mango (countable and uncountable, plural mangoes or mangos)

→ Armenian: մանգո (mango) (or from Russian манго (mango))

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܵܢܓܘܿ (mango)

→ Asturian: mangu

→ Catalan: mango

→ Chichewa: bango

→ Czech: mango

→ Danish: mango

→ Dutch: mango

→ Esperanto: mango

→ Finnish: mango

→ Georgian: მანგო (mango)

→ German: Mango

→ Greek: μάνγκο (mángko)

→ Hebrew: מנגו (mango)

→ Hungarian: mangó

→ Irish: mangó

→ Italian: mango

→ Japanese: マンゴー (mangō)

→ Korean: 망고 (manggo)

→ Macedonian: манго (mango)

→ Norwegian: mango

→ Polish: mango

→ Romanian: mango

desctree

→ Russian: манго (mango)
→ Armenian: մանգո (mango) (or directly from English mango)
→ Kazakh: манго (maño)
→ Mongolian: манго (mango)

→ Slovak: mango

→ Slovene: mango

→ Spanish: mango

→ Swedish: mango

→ Turkish: mango

→ Welsh: mango

Online Etymology Dictionary
Oxford English Dictionary
mango

Borrowed from Portuguese manga, from Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa) / Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy), possibly via Malay mangga, ultimately from Proto-South Dravidian *mām-kāy (“unripe mango”), a compound of *mām (“mango tree”) + *kāy (“unripe fruit”). First used for the fruit as early as the 1580s and the tree by the 1670s. The Oxford English Dictionary says it ultimately stems from Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa, “unripe mango”) (മാവ് (māvŭ, “mango tree”) + കായ (kāya, “unripe fruit”)), while the Online Etymology Dictionary points to Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy, “unripe mango”) (மா (mā, “mango”) + காய் (kāy, “unripe fruit”)). The etymology of the -o ending is not certain.

der

Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy)

檨仔

soān-á, soǎiⁿ-á, sōaiⁿ-á, soāiⁿ--á, soān--á

In Pennsylvania and western Maryland, mangoes were generally made with green bell peppers.

2004, Elizabeth E. Lea, William Woys Weaver, A Quaker Woman's Cookbook: The Domestic Cookery of Elizabeth Ellicott Lea, page 335:

A pickled vegetable or fruit with a spicy stuffing; a vegetable or fruit which has been mangoed.


pea

→ Abenaki: piz (“a pea”)

→ Mohegan-Pequot: pish (“a pea”)

→ Yurok: pi·š, peeesh (“a pea”)

Back-formation from pease, an original singular reinterpreted as a plural. Further from Middle English pese (“a pea”), from Old English pise, from Latin pisa, pisum, from Ancient Greek πίσον (píson).

(cooking) The edible seed of various other pea plants.

Man's making bare peas.

Oh, come on. Help a brother out. People see you coppin', might inspire them. Look, I know you ain't payin' bills right now. Man must have bare peas saved up.

2023, Nathan Bryon, Tom Melia, directed by Raine Allen-Miller, Rye Lane, spoken by Nathan (Simon Manyonda):


pea

From having the appearance of a pea (see English etymology 1), the edible seed of Pisum sativum, the pea plant.

(US, Indiana, gambling) Any of the small numbered balls used in a pea shake game.

green pea galaxy
green pea galaxy#English

(astronomy) Ellipsis of green pea galaxy.


cassava

en-noun

cassava (countable and uncountable, plural cassavas)

From Portuguese cassave, from Taíno *kasabi (“cassava flour”) (compare Garifuna sibiba), from Proto-Arawak *sapi.

Manihot esculenta
Manihot esculenta#Translingual

Manioc (Manihot esculenta), a tropical plant which is the source of tapioca.


oca

oca (countable and uncountable, plural ocas)

Borrowed from Spanish oca, from Quechua uqa.

Any of species Oxalis tuberosa (syn. Oxalis crenata), which bear edible tubers.


aniseed

aniseed (countable and uncountable, plural aniseeds)

From Middle English anece seed, aneys seede, annys sede, equivalent to anise + seed.

(countable and uncountable) The seed-like fruit of the anise, used in baking and in the flavouring of liqueurs such as ouzo.


bangun

bangun (usually uncountable, plural banguns)

(India, uncommon) An eggplant; a brinjal.


pepper

pepper (countable and uncountable, plural peppers)

Tok Pisin: pepa

→ Hawaiian: pepa

→ Marshallese: pepa

From Middle English peper, piper, from Old English piper, from Proto-West Germanic *pipar, from Latin piper, from an Indo-Aryan source; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”). The name was given to the capsicum fruit because of its unusual spicy taste, not unlike the Old World spice. Cognate with Scots pepar, Saterland Frisian Pieper, West Frisian piper, Dutch peper, German Low German Peper, German Pfeffer, Danish peber, Swedish peppar, Icelandic pipar. Doublet of falafel and peepul.

cog

(UK, US, Ireland and Canada) A fruit of the capsicum plant: red, green, yellow or white, hollow and containing seeds, and in very spicy and mild varieties.

Some ballparks have signs saying "No pepper games".

(baseball) A game used by baseball players to warm up where fielders standing close to a batter rapidly return the batted ball to be hit again