spavin

en-verb

spavin (third-person singular simple present spavins, present participle spavining, simple past and past participle spavined)

spavins (present singular third-person)
spavining (participle present)
spavined (participle past)
spavined (past)

Mr. Lythe had seen many horses which Mr. Field had passed as sound although they were spavined; and he does not recollect a single instance of lameness among them.

The witches that dance on the Brocken on Valpurgis Eve would be spoken of in a different spirit from the village hag who spavins the horse and curdles the milk.

1867, John Hill Burton, “Heathendom”, in The History of Scotland from Agricola’s Invasion to the Revolution of 1688, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, page 224:

And oh! Onesiphorus, the old brown mare / Is spavining for love, as also we; […]

1884 February 23, “Astray from San Rafael” [pseudonym], “Dudetic Leap Year”, in The Wasp, volume XII, number 8, San Francisco, Calif.: E[dward] C[reamor] Macfarlane & Co., →OCLC, stanza 4, page 11, column 1:

The plaintiff introduced evidence tending to prove that the horse was spavined, and that Kuntzman had warranted the soundness of the horse. The fourth exception on the part of the defendant and the plaintiff in error was to the rejection of the evidence that the horse was not spavined while in Weaver's stable, some two months after the sale.

1886, A[braham] C[lark] Freeman, “Kuntzman v. Weaver”, in The American Decisions […], volume LIX, San Francisco, Calif.: Bancroft-Whitney Co. […], →OCLC, page 740:

In order to obviate the straining, spavining, and weakness of back, to which horses are subject, caused by the effort of starting heavy cars, Mr. Henry P. Holt designed a tramcar starting gear, patented in May, 1879, […]

1894, D[aniel] Kinnear Clark, “Resistance to Traction on Tramways”, in Tramways: Their Construction and Working […], 2nd edition, London: Crosby Lockwood and Son […], →OCLC, page 402:

(farriery, veterinary medicine) To cause (a horse or its leg) to have spavin (noun sense 1.2).

aiheuttaa kinnerpatti

to cause (a horse or its leg) to have spavin


dun

From Middle English dun, donn, dunne, from Old English dunn (“dun, dingy brown, bark-colored, brownish black”), from Proto-West Germanic *duʀn, from Proto-Germanic *duznaz, *dusnaz (“brown, yellow”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Cognate with Old Saxon dun (“brown, dark”), Old High German tusin (“ash-gray, dull brown, pale yellow, dark”), Old Norse dunna (“female mallard; duck”).
Alternative etymology derives the Old English word from Brythonic (compare Middle Welsh dwnn (“dark (red)”)), from Proto-Celtic *dusnos (compare Old Irish donn and Scottish Gaelic donn (“brown”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (compare Old Saxon dosan (“chestnut brown”)). More at dusk.

cog

dun:


shunt

From Middle English shunten, schunten, schonten, schounten, shont, shonte, shount, shounten, shunte (“to move rapidly or suddenly, jerk; to swerve, turn away; to avoid, dodge, escape, evade”), either:
* possibly a back-formation from Middle English shǒnen (“to decline to do, refuse; to abandon, forsake; to disdain, dislike, hate; to avoid, escape; to be afraid, fear; to be wary of”), from Old English sċunian, sċyniġan; see shun. Or
* an alteration of Middle English shunden, *schunden, *schinden, from Old English sċyndan, sċendan (“to hasten, hurry”) (as in āsċyndan (“to remove, take away”), from Proto-West Germanic *skundijan, from Proto-Germanic *skundijaną (“to compel, drive, push; to accelerate, rush, speed up”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kew(n)t- (“to rattle, shake”).
* from unrecorded Old English *sċunettan, a derivative of sċunian (“to shun, avoid”).
The English word is cognate with Danish skynde (“to hasten, hurry, speed”), Icelandic skynda, skunda (“to hasten”), Middle High German schünden (“to compel; to urge; to irritate”), Norwegian skynde (“to hurry, rush”), Swedish skynda (“to hasten, hurry; to scuttle, scurry”). Outside Germanic, compare Sanskrit स्कन्दति (skándati, “to dart, leap, spring, spurt or burst forth, ejaculate, assail, drop, split”), Albanian shkund (“to shake; to swig”).
As regards the noun sense, compare Middle English shunt (“swerve; sudden jerk”), derived from the verb.

cog

Portosystemic shunts can be congenital or acquired with congenital PSS commonly comprising a single communicating vessel between the portal venous circulation and the systemic circulation via the caudal vena cava or azygos vein. Of congenital shunts, 66–75% are extrahepatic. Intrahepatic portosystemic shunts are most commonly identified in larger breeds of dog (though we have also seen a number of terriers with intrahepatic shunts through our clinic).

2018, Jon[athan David] Wray, “Case 11 Presenting with Mentation Abnormalities”, in Canine Internal Medicine: What’s Your Diagnosis?, Hoboken, N.J., Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, →ISBN, section C (Hepatobiliary Disease), page 127:

(medicine, veterinary medicine) An abnormal passage between body channels.


grail

From Middle English graal, greal, from Old French graal, greal (“cup”), from Medieval Latin gradalis, possibly corrupted over time from Latin crater (“bowl”).

The quest for the Grail is not archeology. It's a race against evil. If it is captured by the Nazis, the armies of darkness will march all over the face of the earth. Do you understand me?

1989, 1:06:54 from the start, in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade^(https://archive.org/details/movie-hollywood-720p-sub-indonesia_202209/Indiana+Jones+and+the+Last+Crusade+(1989)+BR/Indiana+Jones+and+the+Last+Crusade.mp4) (Action-Adventure), spoken by Henry Jones, Sr. (Sean Connery), →OCLC:


girdle

From Middle English girdel, gerdel, gurdel, from Old English gyrdel, from Proto-West Germanic *gurdil, from Proto-Germanic *gurdilaz (“girdle, belt”), equivalent to gird + -le.
cognates
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Gäddel (“belt”), West Frisian gurdle, gurle, gurl (“belt”), Dutch gordel (“belt”), German Gürtel (“belt”), Yiddish גאַרטל (gartl, “belt”) (whence gartel, a doublet of girdle), Swedish gördel (“girdle”), Icelandic gyrðill (“girdle”).

inh

Suppose within the girdle of these walls
Are now confin'd two mighty monarchies

1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, prologue]:

That which girds, encircles, or encloses; a circumference

A garment used to hold the abdomen, hips, buttocks, and/or thighs in a particular shape.

Edward H[enry] Knight
w:Edward H. Knight

The line of greatest circumference of a brilliant-cut diamond, at which it is grasped by the setting.

rondist

line of greatest circumference of a diamond


girdle

(Scotland, Northern English) Alternative form of griddle


flap

From Middle English flap, flappe (“a slap; blow; buffet; fly-flap; something flexible or loose; flap”), related to Saterland Frisian Flappert (“wing, flipper”), Middle Dutch flabbe (“a blow; slap on the face; fly-flap; flap”) (modern Dutch flap (“flap”)), Middle Low German flabbe, vlabbe, flebbe, from the verb (see below). Related also to English flab and flabby.

cog

a flap of a garment

The envelope flap seemed curiously wrinkled.

Again, Beside these parts destin'd to divers offices, there is a peculiar provision for the wind-pipe, that is, a cartilagineous flap upon the opening of the Larynx or Throttle, which hath an open cavity for the admiffion of the air

1686, Sir Thomas Browne, chapter VIII, in The Works of the Learned Sr. Thomas Brown: Containing, Enquiries Into Vulgar and Common Errors, etc, book IV:

The hairs guide the pollinating insect to the base of the petal, where there is a purplish nectary covered by a flap of tissue.

1998 October, Robert H. Mohlenbrock, “Twin Peaks”, in Natural History, volume 107, number 8, page 73:

Anything broad and flexible that hangs loose, or that is attached by one side or end and is easily moved.

(aviation) A hinged surface on the trailing edge of the wings of an aeroplane, used to increase lift and drag.

(surgery) A piece of tissue incompletely detached from the body, as an intermediate stage of plastic surgery.

(slang, vulgar, chiefly in the plural) The labia, the vulva.

(graph theory) A connected component of the induced subgraph formed by deleting a set of vertices.


neb

From Middle English neb, from Old English nebb (“beak, nose, face”), from Proto-Germanic *nabją (“beak, nose”). Cognate with Danish næb, Dutch neb, German Schnabel, Old Norse nef, Swedish näbb, Swedish regional näv.

(now dialectal) The nose or snout of an animal, now especially of a fish.

In Acorns the nebb dilating splitteth the two sides, which sometimes lye whole, when the Oak is sproated two handfuls.

1658, Sir Thomas Browne, The Garden of Cyrus, Folio Society, published 2007, page 183:

(now dialectal) A projecting extremity; a point or sharp projection.


reefer

en-noun

reefer (countable and uncountable, plural reefers)

Uncertain. Perhaps from Mexican Spanish grifa (“cannabis”) or Central American Spanish grifo (“someone who smokes cannabis”).

Daddy I don't want to go to school because the teacher's a jerk, he must think I'm a fool and all the kids smoke reefer, I think it'd be cheaper if I just got a job learned to be a street sweeper.

1982, Edward G. Fletcher, Melle Mel (lyrics and music), “The Message”, in The Message, performed by Grandmaster Flash:

As time went on and I smoked more reefer, I began to spend more time with other dope smokers, reminiscing on how good the sixties were, rather than actually participating in the current political movements.

1984 April 7, N.B., “Chemical Dependency in the Gay Community”, in Gay Community News, page 5:


souse

From Middle English souse (“to salt pickle”) also a noun (“liquid for pickling,” “pickled pig parts”), from Old French sous (“preserved in salt”), from Frankish *sultija (“saltwater, brine”), from Proto-Germanic *sultijō (“saltwater, brine”). Cognate with Old Saxon sultia (“saltwater”), Old High German sulza (“brine”).

der

Something kept or steeped in brine.
The pickled ears, feet, etc., of swine.
(US, Appalachia) Pickled scrapple.

Something kept or steeped in brine.
The pickled ears, feet, etc., of swine.
Pickled scrapple.

Something kept or steeped in brine.
A pickle made with salt.

The act of sousing; a plunging into water.


souse

First appeared online during the Bush administration.

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling

(US, Internet slang) Pronunciation spelling of source.


stagger

From Middle English stageren, stakeren, from Old Norse stakra (“to push, stagger”). Cognate with dialectal Danish stagre.

parasitic staggers

apoplectic or sleepy staggers

(veterinary medicine) A disease of horses and other animals, attended by reeling, unsteady gait or sudden falling.


shabby

en-adj

shabby (comparative shabbier, superlative shabbiest)

shabbier (comparative)
shabbiest (superlative)

The adjective is derived from shab (“(obsolete except UK, dialectal) scaly skin disease; skin disease of sheep; crust forming over wound, scab”) + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives).
The verb is derived from the adjective.
cognates
* Dutch schabbig (“poor, needy, shabby”)
* Middle High German schebic (modern German schäbig (“shabby”))
* Middle Low German schabbich (“miserable”) (modern Low German schabbig, schäbbig)
* Scots shabby (“in poor health, ill”)
* Swedish sjabbig (“shabby, mangy, scruffy”), skabbig (“scabby”)

hääppöinen

poor in quality; showing little effort or talent

(often in the negative) Poor in quality; also, showing little effort or talent.

(UK, dialectal, veterinary medicine) Chiefly of sheep: affected by shab or scab (“a skin disease”); scabby.


shell

From Middle English schelle, from Old English sċiell, from Proto-West Germanic *skallju, from Proto-Germanic *skaljō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cleave”).
Compare West Frisian skyl (“peel, rind”), Dutch schil (“peel, skin, rink”), Low German Schell (“shell, scale”), Irish scelec (“pebble”), Latin silex (“pebble, flint”), siliqua (“pod”), Old Church Slavonic сколика (skolika, “shell”). More at shale.
Doublet of sheal.
* (computing): From being viewed as an outer layer of interface between the user and the operating-system internals.

cog

A shell corporation was formed to acquire the old factory.

(business) A legal entity that has no operations.

skořápka

business: legal entity that has no operations


paddle

en-noun

paddle (countable and uncountable, plural paddles)

→ Danish: paddel, padle

Partly from the verb paddle ("to splash, dabble"; see below) and partly from Middle English padell (“small spade”).
Middle English padell is from Medieval Latin padela, itself of uncertain origin: perhaps an alteration of Middle English *spaddle (see also spaddle), a diminutive of spade; or from Latin patella (“pan, plate”), the diminutive of patina, or a merger of the two. Compare Ancient Greek πηδάλιον (pēdálion, “rudder, steering oar”), derived from πηδός (pēdós, “the blade of an oar; an oar”).

cog

A sea turtle's paddles make it swim almost as fast as land tortoises are slow.

A flat limb of an aquatic animal, adapted for swimming.


paddle

en-verb

paddle (third-person singular simple present paddles, present participle paddling, simple past and past participle paddled)

paddles (present singular third-person)
paddling (participle present)
paddled (participle past)
paddled (past)


chine

From Middle English chyne, from Old French eschine, from Frankish *skinu, from Proto-Germanic *skinō. Doublet of shin.

A piece of the backbone of an animal, with the adjoining parts, cut for cooking.

(nautical) A sharp angle in the cross section of a hull.

The edge or rim of a cask, etc., formed by the projecting ends of the staves; the chamfered end of a stave.


chine

chine (third-person singular simple present chines, present participle chining, simple past and past participle chined)

chines (present singular third-person)
chining (participle present)
chined (participle past)
chined (past)

(transitive) To cut through the backbone of; to cut into chine pieces.


track

→ Kashubian: trak (Canada)

From Middle English trak, tracke, from Old French trac (“track of horses, trail, trace”), of uncertain origin. Likely from a Germanic source, either Old Norse traðk ("a track; path; trodden spot"; > Icelandic traðk (“a track; path; tread”), Faroese traðk (“track; tracks”), Norwegian tråkke (“to trample”)) or from Middle Dutch trec, *trac, treck ("line, row, series"; > Dutch trek (“a draft; feature; trait; groove; expedition”)), German Low German Treck (“a draught; movement; passage; flow”). See tread, trek.

gloss

"line, row, series"; > Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">trek</i> (“a draft; feature; trait; groove; expedition”)

cog

Follow the track for a hundred metres.

caterpillar track
caterpillar track#English

(automotive) Short for caterpillar track.


weed

en-noun

weed (countable and uncountable, plural weeds)

From Middle English weed, weod, from Old English wēod (“weed”), from Proto-West Germanic *weud (“weed”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Jood (“weed”), West Frisian wjûd (“weed”), Dutch wied (“unwanted plant, weed”), German Low German Weed (“weed”), Old High German wiota (“fern”). See also woad.

And I predict you will laugh harder than ever. I’m not saying I’m any funnier. I’m saying weed is now legal in D.C.

2015 March 14, Barack Obama, Remarks by the President at the 2015 Gridiron Dinner:

A drug or the like made from the leaves of a plant.


raisin

en-verb

raisin (third-person singular simple present raisins, present participle raisining, simple past and past participle raisined)

raisins (present singular third-person)
raisining (participle present)
raisined (participle past)
raisined (past)

From Middle English raysyn, borrowed from Anglo-Norman reysin (“grape, raisin”), from Late Latin racīmus, from Latin racēmus. Possibly a distant cognate of Persian رز (raz, “vine”). Doublet of raceme.

Second-crop fruit tends to show smaller clusters than first-crop, to have a high skin-to-juice ratio, and to be a good blending tool, according to Iantosca, although care must be exercised to ensure that the second-crop berries have not raisined.

2008, John Winthrop Haeger, Pacific Pinot Noir:

The ultraripe grapes are usually dried in the sun for a few days so they can raisin and their sugars can be concentrated before they are crushed and pressed.

2010, Michael Gibson, The Sommelier Prep Course, page 214:

Too much water and the taste would be too thin. Too little and the grapes would raisin.

2019, Sinclair Jayne, A Bride for the Texas Cowboy:

(intransitive) Of fruit: to dry out; to become like raisins.

We must have put down about thirty quart bottles, richly raisined and tightly corked.

2005, Alan King, Matzo Balls for Breakfast, page 183:

The 12-year-old Redbreast is the most easily found and shows single pot still at its most defiant: oily and rich with stewed plums, light leather, creme caramel and a dense, raisined palate where the tongue tries to cleave through the white peaches.

Another liquid—perhaps honey, a berry juice, a raisined or herbal wine—could be poured into the large opening and automatically fed into the interior of the vessel.

2019, Patrick E. McGovern, Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture, page 177:

(transitive) To flavor (an alcoholic beverage) with fruit that has raisined.

She was a bony woman with hollow cheeks, her skin raisined by years of hard labor in the sun.

2012, Anuradha Roy, The Folded Earth, page 18:

Before him, a stoic mother, hands raisined from the scrubbing of clothing and children.

2016, Daniel Kraus, The Death and Life of Zebulon Finch, Volume Two: Empire Decayed, page 67:

As her fingers became raisined by the soap suds, she wondered what Eliza was up to.

2019, A. S. Kingly, If Stilettos Could Speak:

We soaked together in long baths until we raisined, skin pressed to skin .

She remained under the spray until the hot water heater ran out and her skin raisined.

He can barely imagine it, but years and years from now, the day will come when his skin will have raisined, and even something as simple as sweeping the floor will no longer be easy.

2023, Karin Lin-Greenberg, You Are Here:

(intransitive) To form wrinkles; to become wrinkled.


spiff

en-adj

spiff (comparative more spiff, superlative most spiff)

more spiff (comparative)
most spiff (superlative)

Unknown. See etymology discussion at spiffy.

“Hah spiff he is to dāay!—he mud be bown tul a wedding!”
“He’s spiff eniff for’t!”

[1862, C. Clough Robinson, The Dialect of Leeds and Its Neighborhood, page 418:

Thah is spiff i’ thy new coit.

[1865, William Stott Banks, A List of Provincial Words in Use at Wakefield in Yorkshire, page 67:

(archaic or regional, Yorkshire) Neat, smartly dressed, attractive.


euthanasiate

That chemical methods of euthanasia (such as injectable euthanasiates such as barbituates) far outweighed all other methods used to perform euthanasia of laboratory animals.

1990, Gary Martinic, “euthanasia of laboratory animals”, in Animal Technology:

The Environmental Health Unit of Queensland Health has issued appropriately trained wildlife carers in two organisations with authority to hold and use a small selection of restricted (S4) veterinary drugs including: Pentabarbitone sodium (Valabarb, Lethabarb): a veterinary euthanasiate; Alfaxalone and Zoletil: anaesthetics; Diazepam (Pamlin): a sedative; Meloxicam: an antiinflammatory pain reliever.

2005, Jon Haner, Andrew Tribe, “Management of critically ill wildlife: the reality and practice of wildlife euthanasia”, in National Wildlife Rehabilitation Conference:

At all times the euthanasiates should be in a locked container/area when not in the possession of a veterinarian

2012, Australian Veternary Association, Indigenous Community Animal Health Program (ICAHP) Model and Guidelines:

(veterinary medicine) Any drug used to euthanize an animal.


euthanasiate

en-verb

euthanasiate (third-person singular simple present euthanasiates, present participle euthanasiating, simple past and past participle euthanasiated)

euthanasiates (present singular third-person)
euthanasiating (participle present)
euthanasiated (participle past)
euthanasiated (past)

The dog was euthanasiated 40 days after the MRI examination because its convulsions had worsened.

2000, Hiroshi Koie, Ester Norie Kurotobi, Takeo Sakai, “Double-chambered right ventricle in a dog”, in Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, volume 6:

The experiment was carried out 240 days long, on Wistar rats, intraperitoneally injected once with aqueous asbestos suspension. In the end, animals were euthanasiated by prolonged narcosis.

2008, B. Sevastre, C. Cătoi, A.I. Marcus, “LESIONAL ASPECTS IN RAT EXPERIMENTAL ASBESTOSIS”, in Bulletin of University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania:

On a stork whit multiple fractures which was later euthanasiated, some anatomic and histology observation were made on the esophagus.

2009, V Rus, V Miclaus, GC Nadas, D Cadar, “STRUCTURAL PARTICULARITIES OF THE WHITE STORK (CICONIA CICONIA) ESOPHAGUS.”, in Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, volume 14, number 1:

(veterinary medicine) To kill in a humane manner.


pedicel

From Late Latin pedīcellus, diminutive of pedīculus (“foot-stalk or pedicle of a fruit or leaf”), diminutive of pēs (“foot”).

(anatomy) A stalk-shaped body part; an anatomical part that resembles a stem or stalk.


veterinarian

From Latin veterīnārius (“cattle doctor”) + -an, from veterīnae (“beasts of burden, draught-”), probably from vehō (“to convey, draw”), or from vetus (“old”). By surface analysis, veterinary + -an.

A fascination with Hokkaido's wild country first drew the veterinarian to Abashiri, and he is a leading expert on the Ezo red fox. Like much of Hokkaido's wildlife, this fox is not found on Honshu.

1980, National Geographic Society (U.S.), National geographic, →OCLC:

The first edition, translated into 6 languages, appeared to fulfil a need, and a minisurvey of UK veterinarians graduated 2–40 years ago showed unanimous support for such a revision […]

2005, Anthony David Weaver, Guy St. Jean, Adrian Steiner, Bovine surgery and lameness:

A medical doctor who treats non-human animals.


hood

From Middle English hood, hod, from Old English hōd, from Proto-Germanic *hōdaz (cognate with Saterland Frisian Houd, West Frisian/Dutch hoed, German Low German Hood, German Hut). Cognate with Proto-Iranian *xawdaH (“hat”) (compare Avestan 𐬑𐬂𐬛𐬀 (xåda), Old Persian 𐎧𐎢𐎭 (x-u-d /xaudā/)), from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to cover”). More at hat.

kapuç

covering for the head attached to a larger garment such as a jacket or cloak

(ophiology) An expansion on the sides of the neck typical for many elapids e.g. the Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) and Indian cobra (Naja naja).

huppu

expansion on the sides of the neck typical for many elapids e.g. the Egyptian cobra and Indian cobra

Platysma myoides […] which sends attenuated fibres and slips to the gular region of the hood and is lost dorsad in the fascia covering the trapezius but acquires thickness over the sternum and cervix. Thyromandibularis […] Two distinct muscles may bear this name, an externus and an internus. The latter rises by two slips from about the middle of the inner surface of the mandible and is inserted into the middle of the inner side of the thyrohyal. The greatly elongated thyrobyal passes between the two layers of integument constituting the hood, at its middle fold, and so forms a “yard” to which the lower half of the hood is bent. This inner division of the Thyromandibularis being an adductor of the bone, is the chief agent in lowering the hood and bracing its lower moiety to the side of the neck—it is antagonised by the greater part of the outer division which rises fleshy immediately behind the inner one, but nearly on the lower edge of the jaw, the origin of the mylohyoideus being between them. It immediately divides into two superposed fascicles, the deeper one being inserted into the lower surface of the thyrohyal, a little behind the insertion of the inner division—the other sub division is inserted posteriorly to the former one into the outer side of the bone for the rest of its length and acting thus advantageously is an efficient erector of the lower part of the hood.

1883, Charles W. De Vis, “Myology of Chlamydosaurus kingii”, in Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, volume 8, pages 301–302:

(colloquial) The osseous or cartilaginous marginal extension behind the back of many a dinosaur such as a ceratopsid and reptiles such as Chlamydosaurus kingii.

huppu

In the human hand, over the extensor digitorum, an expansion of the extensor tendon over the metacarpophalangeal joint (the extensor hood syn. dorsal hood syn. lateral hood)

(colloquial) The prepuce; the foreskin or clitoral hood.


warble

From Middle English werble (at least for the noun), from Frankish *werbel (mole cricket), cognate to Walloon waerbea.

A lesion under the skin of cattle, caused by the larva of a bot fly of genus Hypoderma.

varron

lesion under the skin of cattle, caused by by the larva of a bot fly


stoner

From Middle English stoner, stonere, stonare, staner, equivalent to stone + -er (agent noun suffix) or -er (measurement suffix).

"You're useless when you're high on catnip, you know that?" "Mewww mew?" "No I will NOT put on Dark Side of the Moon and the Wizard of Oz for you. Goddamned stoner cat."

2006, Jeph Jacques, Questionable Content (webcomic), Number 538: Also Some Nachos Please:


flipper

From flip + -er. Compare Saterland Frisian Flappert (“flipper, wing”).

cog

In marine mammals such as whales (or other aquatic animals such as sea turtles), a wide flat, limb adapted for swimming.


blackleg

en-noun

blackleg (countable and uncountable, plural blacklegs)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-blackleg.wav

(uncountable, agriculture, veterinary medicine) A fatal cattle disease caused by the soil-borne bacterium Clostridium chauvoei; symptomatic anthrax.


larynx

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-larynx.wav

Borrowed from New Latin larynx, from Ancient Greek λᾰ́ρῠγξ (lắrŭnx, “larynx; windpipe; gullet, throat”).

bor

Meronyms: epilarynx, hypolarynx, orolarynx

There is one thing, among abundance of others, in Anatomy, which has always much affected me with Admiration, [...] It is the Situation and Elaſticity of the Epiglottis, a ſoft Cartilaginous Cover to the Larynx, or Orifice of the Wind-pipe; that this Epiglottis ſhould, all a Man's life, be drawn up, for the Benefit of Reſpiration, and fall down and ſhut, whilſt every bit we eat, and every drop we drink, paſſes over it into the Gullet and Stomach; and that we ſhould ſo ſeldom have Occaſion to cough up a crum, or drop, that may accidentaly ſlip into the Larynx; [...]

1727, Walter Harris, “Section II. Of the Wonderful Works of God.”, in The Great and Wonderful Works of God Humbly Represented: And the Just and Equal Distributions of Providence Demonstrated. […], London: James Roberts […], →OCLC, pages 29–30:

The larynx is the instrument of the voice, of which the rima glottidis is the immediate organ. [...] The change of the voice from acute to grave at the time of puberty, when the larynx undergoes a remarkable development, as well as its acuteness in females, whose glottis is less by one third than that of man, shew that the size of the aperture has a great influence.

1809, William Nicholson, “PHYSIOLOGY”, in The British Encyclopedia, or Dictionary of Arts and Sciences; […], volume V (N … R), London: Printed by C[harles] Whittingham, […]; for Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, […], →OCLC:

The differences in the voices of man and woman cannot but have been always obſerved; and their larynxes exhibit, on a merely ſuperficial inſpection, a great diſproportion in ſize.

1819, Abraham Rees, “LARYNX”, in The Cyclopædia; or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature. [...] In Thirty-nine Volumes, volume XX, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, […] [et al.], →OCLC, column 1:

I hope to be understood as not implying that there is no peculiarity of the larynges and tracheæ, except in some genera; for I believe all have the admirable mechanism of the organ of voice differently constructed, with corresponding muscles, and distribution of nerves, producing those various modulations of sound so familiar to us, and destined for the excitement of love, as well as for other purposes.

1830 March 16, Joshua Brookes, “XXIX. On the Remarkable Formation of the Trachea In the Egyptian Tantalus”, in The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, volume XVI, London: Richard Taylor, […]; Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, […]; William Wood, […], published 1833, →OCLC, page 502:

The work on larynx transplantation has been discussed in the previous paragraphs. Corollary to this is the possible development of an artificial larynx which can be implanted just as an artificial heart might be implanted. Design of such larynxes might permit a quick solution to the problem of tissue rejection.

1968 April 25, John E. Bordley (witness), Departments of Labor, and Health, Education, and Welfare Appropriations for 1969: Hearings before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, House of Representatives, Ninetieth Congress, Second Session: […], part 7 (Members of Congress, Interested Individuals and Organizations), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 259:

The ability of Red Deer stags to lower their larynx when roaring appears to be one of the exaggerators of formant dispersal, since the resting position of the male larynx is already lower than the typical mammalian position. [...] Size exaggeration provides an intriguing, non-linguistic explanation for the descent of the human larynx [...].

2003, John Maynard Smith, David Harper, “Indices of Quality”, in Animal Signals, Oxford, Oxforshire, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, published 2004, →ISBN, 4.2 Are Mammalian Sounds Reliable Indices of Size?, page 47:

Study of intubated larynges from infants of 22 to 40 weeks' gestation who survived a few hours to 300 days showed acute injury was almost invariable, and up to 100% of the subglottic epithelium was lost within a few hour of intubation, but progression of injury was relatively short-lived.

2015, George H. Zalzal, Robin Thomas Cotton, “Glottic and Subglottic Stenosis”, in Marci M. Lesperance, Paul W. Flint, Cummings Pediatric Otolaryngology, Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders, Elsevier, →ISBN, 6: Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, and Esophagus, page 350, column 2:

(anatomy, zootomy) A hollow muscular organ of the neck of mammals situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the oesophagus. It is involved in breath control and protection of the trachea, and, because it houses the vocal cords, sound production.

laring

organ involved in breath control, protection of the trachea, and sound production

បំពង់កក្នុង

bɑmpʊəŋ kɑɑ knoŋ


curb

en-verb

curb (third-person singular simple present curbs, present participle curbing, simple past and past participle curbed)

curbs (present singular third-person)
curbing (participle present)
curbed (participle past)
curbed (past)

From Middle French courbe (“curve, curved object”), from Latin curvus (“bent, crooked, curved”). Doublet of curve.


frontal

Borrowed from New Latin frontālis, from frons (“the forehead, brow, front”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix), equivalent to front + -al; cognate of French frontal. Doublet of frontalis.

af

(zootomy) Any of the scales of a reptile that lie in the general region of the forehead, more specifically between the eyes and to the anterior of this area.


dorsal

en-adj

dorsal (comparative more dorsal, superlative most dorsal)

more dorsal (comparative)
most dorsal (superlative)

From Late Middle English dorsal/dorsale, borrowing from Medieval Latin dorsālis (“of or relating to the back”), from dorsum (“the back”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix); equivalent to dorsum + -al.

ظَهْرِيّ

relating to the side in which the backbone is located

(anatomy, zootomy) With respect to, or concerning the side in which the backbone is located, or the analogous side of an invertebrate.

(anatomy) Relating to the top surface of the foot or hand.

背側 /背侧

relating to the top surface of foot or hand

(linguistics, of a sound) Produced using the dorsum of the tongue.


dorsal

(zootomy, in snakes) Any of the longitudinal series of plates that encircle the body, excluding the ventral scales.


spliff

From Jamaican Creole, possibly a blend of split, referring to the ready-made wrap + whiff, referring to the smell of the smoke.

smoke a spliff

Pablo switched off the wipers and struck a match to light the spliff he had just finished building.

1992, Victor Headley, Yardie, New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, published 1993, page 167:

Danny takes another toke on the spliff and then passes it over to Griff, who accepts it and draws deep on it and then points with the lit end across the room at Gwenno like some strange weatherman indicating a pocket of high pressure.

2001, Niall Griffiths, Sheepshagger, New York: Thomas Dunne, published 2002, page 104:

“Well, well, well,” Ma Taffy says, sitting back and returning the spliff to her mouth. She exhales a cloud of ganja that envelops herself and the boy.

2016, Kei Miller, “Chapter 1”, in Augustown, New York: Pantheon, pages 14–15:

(slang, UK, Ireland, Commonwealth, Jamaica) A cannabis cigarette.


whisker

Middle English wisker, whisk (verb) + -er

One of the long, projecting hairs growing at the sides of the mouth of a cat, or other animal.

snor

long projecting hair at the sides of the mouth of a cat

(nautical) Spreaders from the bows to spread the bowsprit shrouds.

(statistics) A graphic element that shows the maxima and minima in a box plot.

Whisker

a graphic element that shows the maxima and minima in a box plot

One who, or that which, whisks, or moves with a quick, sweeping motion.

(metallurgy) A small tendril that forms on metal.


measly

en-adj

measly (comparative measlier, superlative measliest)

measlier (comparative)
measliest (superlative)

From measle (“singular of measles”) + -y; the word measle is either from Middle Dutch masel (“a blister filled with blood; a pustule, a skin blemish”), or Middle Low German masel (“a red skin blemish”), from Proto-Germanic *masuraz (“a knot or scar in wood; a knarl”), from *mas-, *mēs- (“a spot; a sore; a scar”), from Proto-Indo-European *mos- (“a skin sore”).

suffix

singular of <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">measles</i>

der

For one whole day's work all I was given was twenty measly pounds.

The visiting tourists eagerly forked over a measly two dollars per group to their guides as payment for their services. This amount was measly sum to the givers, but a princely sum to the takers.

2004, Richard Rizun, Ora, Trafford Publishing, →ISBN:

So it wasn't a hotel, as I said in my novel, just a measly motel. But to me it was like the First measly motel, and I remember laughing about the things I was saying straight from my unconscious to both his and God's ear.

2010, Marylee Daniel Mitcham, Blacktime Song by Rosalie Wolfe, Strategic Book Publishing, →ISBN, page 127:

(figuratively, informal) Small (especially contemptibly small) in amount.


pomace

en-noun

pomace (countable and uncountable, plural pomaces)

[Alt: Red grape flesh and seeds]
From Late Middle English pomis, pomys (“cider; pulp of plants pressed to extract their juice or oil”), probably from Medieval Latin pōmācium, pōmātium (“cider”), possibly a variant of pomaceum (although first attested later), from Latin pōmum (“fruit; fruit tree”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“away; off”) + *h₁em- (“to take”), in the sense of something taken off a tree) + -āceum (neuter form of -āceus (suffix meaning ‘belonging to; having the nature of’, forming adjectives)). Doublet of pomade, pomate, and pomatum.
Sense 1.1 (“crushed apples”) and sense 1.2 (“residue from grapes”) were possibly influenced by Middle French pommage (“(cidermaking) apple harvest; apple orchards”) and French poma, pomas, pomat (“residue from apples”) (Northern France).

bërsi

Sovv, as yet, Pomace of Cider-preſſings to raiſe Nurſeries; and ſet all ſorts of Kernels, Stones, &c.

1664, J[ohn] E[velyn], “Kalendarium Hortense: Or, The Gard’ners Almanac; […] [December.]”, in Sylva, or A Discourse of Forest-trees and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesties Dominions. […], London: […] Jo[hn] Martyn, and Ja[mes] Allestry, printers to the Royal Society, […], →OCLC, page 80:

Next to the VVhite is the Black Thorne and the Crab, vvhich make a very good Fence, and is raiſed as the VVhite Thorne, only if you ſovv the Pummace vvith them, they vvill come up the firſt Year.

1708, J[ohn] Mortimer, “Of Inclosing of Land”, in The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], 2nd edition, London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC, book I, page 3:

The pulp or pulplike matter remaining from a substance pressed to extract its juice or oil.

(historical) Such residue (especially castor bean cake or fish scrap) used as fertilizer.


sucker

From Middle English souker, sokere, sukkere, soukere, equivalent to suck (verb) + -er. Compare Saterland Frisian Suuger, West Frisian sûker (“sucker”), Dutch zuiger (“sucker”), German Sauger (“dummy; vacuum”).

An organ or body part that does the sucking; especially a round structure on the bodies of some insects, frogs, and octopuses that allows them to stick to surfaces.


munchies

en-noun

munchies pl (normally plural, singular munchie or munchy)

We were given the first name of the host, the address of the apartment and told to bring whatever toys we wanted. Beer and munchies would be on hand.

1988 May 7, Christopher Wittke, “It Takes Two To Tango”, in Gay Community News, page 8:

(slang) Food, especially convenience snack foods.

I've got the munchies.

I got the munchies, we got the Mary Jane in the Dungeon / Just to let you niggas know in '93, that's how we coming

1993, “Player’s Ball”, performed by OutKast:

The girl, who has not been publicly identified, sold more than 300 boxes in six hours, her father told ABC 10. Boxes now sell for as much as $5 in parts of the country, so she probably raised more than $1,500. Yes, there’s money in the munchies.

2018 February 8, Daniel Victor, “A Girl Scout Sold 300 Boxes of Cookies Near a Marijuana Shop”, in New York Times:

(slang, with the definite article) Hunger, especially a craving for food as a result of cannabis or alcohol consumption.

boefkik

craving for food as a result of use of cannabis


schwag

Unknown. Possibly related to shag (“shredded tobacco”). The "marijuana" noun sense is attested since the 1980s in the United States, the adjective since the 1990s. The "trinkets or items given away" sense is a variant of swag from 19th century thieves' cant.

National pride deserves something more than a fistful of freebies from a governmental schwag bag or the wearing of any one of the staggering array of commercially available pins.

2004, Blaise Cronin, Jeremiad Jottings, Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, →ISBN, page 91:

(slang) Alternative form of swag (“trinkets or promotional items given away at an event”).


pizzle

From Dutch Low Saxon pesel or West Flemish pezel, diminutive of Middle Dutch pese (“a sinew, tendon, string, pizzle”), from Old Dutch *pisa (“sinew, string, fibre”), possibly ultimately related to vezel (“fiber”), from Proto-West Germanic *fas-il-, from Proto-Indo-European *pē̆s- (“to blow”) (see Old High German faso (“fiber”)); in which case this alternation *pes- / *fes- may indicate a repeated borrowing from a (non-Indo-European?) substrate language.
Cognate with Dutch pees, Middle Low German pese (“tendon, bowstring”), Dutch pees (“sinew, tendon”), German Low German Peserick, Pesel (“pizzle”), dialectal German Pisel (“penis”).

cog

A baton made from the penis of an ox, once used to beat men and animals.


farcical

(veterinary medicine, obsolete, rare) Pertaining to farcy.


pharynx

Borrowing from New Latin pharynx, from Ancient Greek φᾰ́ρῠγξ (phắrŭnx, “throat”).

der

(zootomy) The part of the alimentary canal immediately behind the mouth in invertebrates that may be thickened and muscular, eversible and toothed, or adapted as a suctorial organ.


plumage

en-noun

plumage (countable and uncountable, plural plumages)

From Old French plumage (14c.), itself from plume (“feather”) (from Latin plūma (“feather, down”), from a Proto-Indo-European base *plews- (“to pluck, a feather, fleece”) + -age.

Somewhat like a heron she was, but stouter, and shorter of leg, and her beak shorter and thicker than the heron’s; and so long and delicate was her pale gray plumage that hard it was to say whether it were hair or feathers.

1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros, London: Jonathan Cape, page 33:

[Owner]: No no he's not dead, he's, he's restin'! Remarkable bird, the Norwegian Blue, idn'it, ay? Beautiful plumage!
[Mr. Praline]: The plumage don't enter into it. It's stone dead.

1969, Monty Python, “Monty Python’s Flying Circus”, in Dead Parrot sketch:

(ornithology, collective noun) Layer or collection of feathers covering a bird’s body; feathers used ornamentally; feathering.


THC

thermohaline circulation
thermohaline circulation#English

Abbreviation of thermohaline circulation.


measles

measles pl (normally plural, singular measle)

Either from Middle Dutch masels (“blood blisters, measels”) or Middle Low German maselen (“red blemishes, measels”), both from Old High German masala (“blood blister, phlegmon”). Doublet of measlings. Cognate with mazer & mase and Middle Low German masele & māsel. Influenced in pronunciation and some senses by mesel (“leprous, leper”).

der

The Swyne dyed of the Measils.

Porcine measles, thought by classical writers to be leprosy, is actually the result of tapeworm cysts which cause ulcerations of the pig's tongue.

1992, Maguelonne Toussaint-Samat, translated by Anthea Bell, The History of Food, page 416:

(veterinary medicine) Synonym of cysticercosis: A disease of livestock or meat caused by the presence of tapeworm larvae.


cuttlefish bone

en-noun

cuttlefish bone (plural cuttlefish bones)

/ˌkʌtl̩fɪʃ ˈbəʊn/

The calcareous, oval-shaped internal shell of a cuttlefish (order Sepiida), originally used in powdered form as an antacid and for absorbing moisture or polishing objects, and now chiefly as a dietary supplement for cage birds.


fetlock

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fetlock.wav

From Middle English fitlokes, feetlakkes pl, equivalent to foot + lock (“tuft of hair”). Cognate with Middle Low German fitlok, fitlock (“fetlock”), Dutch vitlok, vittelokke, vitslok, German Fissloch, Fisloch, Fislach (“fetlock; pastern”).

The tuft of hair that grows at this joint.


brandy

brandy (countable and uncountable, plural brandies)

→ Abenaki: blandi

→ Basque: brandy

→ Cebuano: brandi

→ Chinese:

Cantonese: 拔蘭地 /拔兰地 (bat⁶ laan⁴⁻¹ dei⁶⁻²), 白蘭地 /白兰地 (baak⁶ laan⁴⁻¹ dei⁶⁻²)

Mandarin: 白蘭地 /白兰地 (báilándì)

Min Nan: 物蘭池 /物兰池 (bu̍t-lân-tî)

→ Czech: brandy

→ Danish: brandy

→ Dutch: brandy

→ Esperanto: brando

→ Estonian: brändi

→ Finnish: brandy

→ Galician: brandy

→ German: Brandy

→ Greek: μπράντι (bránti)

→ Hungarian: brandy

→ Icelandic: brandí

→ Irish: branda

→ Italian: brandy

→ Japanese: ブランデー (burandē)

→ Korean: 브랜디 (beuraendi)

→ Lower Sorbian: brandy

→ Norwegian: brandy

→ Occitan: brandy

→ Polish: brandy

desc

→ Portuguese: brande, (unadapted form) brandy

→ Romanian: brandy

desctree

→ Russian: бренди (brendi)
→ Armenian: բրենդի (brendi)

→ Scottish Gaelic: branndaidh

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бренди

Latin script: brendi

→ Spanish: brandy

→ Swahili: brandi

→ Swedish: brandy

→ Tagalog: brandi

→ Thai: บรั่นดี (bà-ràn-dii)

→ Turkish: brendi

→ Vietnamese: brandy, branđi

→ Welsh: brandi

Shortened form of brandywine, from Dutch brandewijn (“burnt wine”). Compare German Brantewein, Branntwein.

(uncountable) An alcoholic liquor distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice.


brandy

en-verb

brandy (third-person singular simple present brandies, present participle brandying, simple past and past participle brandied)

brandies (present singular third-person)
brandying (participle present)
brandied (participle past)
brandied (past)

(transitive) To preserve, flavour, or mix with brandy.

säilöä brandyyn

to preserve, flavour, or mix with brandy


floating

(veterinary medicine) A veterinary dental procedure involving the filing down of sharp surfaces on a horse's teeth.


stifle

The verb is derived from Late Middle English stuflen (“to have difficulty breathing due to heat, stifle; to suffocate by drowning, drown”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain, perhaps from stuffen (“to kill by suffocation; to stifle from heat; to extinguish, suppress (body heat, breath, humour, etc.); to deprive a plant of the conditions necessary for growth, choke”) + -el- (derivational infix in verbs, often denoting diminutive, intensive, or repetitive actions or events). Stuffen is derived from Old French estofer, estouffer (“to choke, strangle, suffocate; (figuratively) to inhibit, prevent”) [and other forms] (modern French étouffer), a variant of estoper, estuper (“to block, plug, stop up; to stiffen, thicken”) (modern French étouper (“to caulk”)), influenced by estofer (“to pad, stuff; to upholster”) (modern French étoffer). Estoper is derived from Vulgar Latin *stuppāre, from Latin stuppa (“coarse flax, tow”) (as a stuffing material; from Ancient Greek στύπη (stúpē), στύππη (stúppē) (compare στυππεῖον (stuppeîon)); probably from Pre-Greek) + -āre. According to the Oxford English Dictionary a derivation from Old Norse stífla (“to dam; to choke, stop up”) “appears untenable on the ground both of form and sense”.
The noun is derived from the verb.

noncog

(rare) An act or state of being stifled.


stifle

The noun is derived from Middle English stifle (“joint between the femur and tibia of a quadruped”) [and other forms]; further etymology uncertain, probably derived from Anglo-Norman estive (“leg”), and Old French estive (“leg”) (compare Old French estival (“boot, shoe”)).
The verb is derived from the noun.

ref

From C[harles] J[ames] Korinek, A[lbie] W[illiam] Korinek (1915) “Diseases of the Horse: Cause, Symptoms and Treatment”, in Diseases of Domestic Animals and Poultry: Their Cause, Symptoms and Treatment, Portland, Or.: Korinek Remedy Company, →OCLC, page 10.

inh

(zootomy) The joint between the femur and tibia in the hind leg of various four-legged mammals, especially horses, corresponding to the knee in humans.

polvi

(veterinary medicine) A bone disease of this region.


cloaca

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cloaca.wav

Borrowed from Latin cloāca (“sewer”), from cluō (“cleanse; purge”).

In birds the rectum, at the termination of its canal, forms an oval or elongated pouch […] and then expands into a cavity, which has been named cloaca.

1822, John Mason Good, The Study of Medicine, volume I, page 7:

(anatomy, zoology) The opening in reptiles, amphibians and birds, as well as elasmobranchians, lobe-finned fishes and monotreme mammals, which serves as the common outlet for the urogenital ducts and rectum.

клоа́ка

anatomical feature of birds, reptiles, etc.

総排出腔

そうはいしゅつこう, sōhaishutsukō, そうはいしゅつくう, sōhaishutsukū

排出腔

はいしゅつこう, haishutsukō, はいしゅつくう, haishutsukū

Across this shell [sc. of bone] small holes are eaten, by which the matter escapes, and which are called cloacae (Weidmann).

1846, Joseph François Malgaigne, translated by Frederick Brittan, Manual of Operative Surgery, page 172:

(anatomy) A duct through which gangrenous material escapes a body.

(embryology) Structure in the embryo during the development of the reproductive and urinary systems.


ampelography

From French ampélographie, from ampelo- (“vine”) + -graphy.

She is the American apostle of Pierre Galet, a Frenchman whose internationally recognized contribution to ampelography, or the science of classifying grape vines, rests on identifying leaf design and the appearance of a vine's growing tips.

1986 August 6, Howard G. Goldberg, “Wine Talk”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, page C18:

Scientists are just now devising a genetic test to distinguish one rootstock from another. Until they do, the only recourse is the arcane art of ampelography, in which the vines are identified by physical appearance. Like art authenticators, ampelographers practice a craft that they would have others think is a science.

1993 October 17, Arthur Lubow, “What's Killing the Grapevines of Napa?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The mainstay of grapevine identification is the science of ampelography, and manuals of ampelography (Galet 1971) are the major resource for grapevine identification.

1993, Proceedings of the Eighth Australian Wine Industry Technical Conference, Volume 8, Australian Wine Research Institute, page 78:

(botany, oenology) The discipline within botany concerned with the taxonomy of cultivars in the grapevine genus, Vitis.


gill

From Middle English gille, gylle (“gill”), of North Germanic origin, akin to Danish gælle, Swedish gäl, Norwegian gjelle, and further to Old Norse gjǫlnar (“lips”), which also may have had the meaning of "gills" (based on Old Danish fiskegæln (“gills”)). The Old Norse word has been suggested as deriving from Proto-Germanic *gelunō (“jaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰel-, which would make it root-cognate to Ancient Greek χελύνη (khelúnē, “lip, jaw”), χεῖλος (kheîlos, “lip”).
Displaced native Old English ċīe.

cog

Fishes […] perform their respiration under water by the gills.

1691, John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation. […], London: […] Samuel Smith, […], →OCLC:

(zootomy) A breathing organ of fish and other aquatic animals.


heterodont

/ˈhɛtəɹəʊdɒnt/

/ˈhɛtəɹəˌdɑnt/

From hetero- (prefix meaning ‘different’) + -odont (suffix meaning ‘tooth; toothed’). Hetero- is derived from Ancient Greek ἕτερος (héteros, “one or the other of two; different”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together; one”); while -odont is from Ancient Greek ὀδούς (odoús, “tooth; tusk”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed- (“to bite”) + *-ónts (suffix forming nouns denoting body parts). By surface analysis, hetero- + -odont.

der

"On the Homologies and Notation of the Teeth of Mammalia," by W[illiam] H[enry] Flower, F.R.S. […] The classification and special homologies of the teeth of the heterodont mammals was next discussed.

1868, “Quarterly Chronicle of Microscopical Science”, in Edwin Lankester, George Busk, editors, Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, volume VIII (New Series; volume XVI overall), London: John Churchill and Sons, […], →OCLC, pages 277–278:

The adaptation of the form of the teeth on both sides to this position, and the accurate adjustment of their contiguous surfaces, shows that it is a natural conformation. They are, moreover, of very nearly even height throughout the series, and in their configuration present a remarkable and gradual transition from the first incisor to the last molar, easily traced in both jaws, and more even and regular than in any other known heterodont mammal.

1873 June 19, William Henry Flower, “VI. On a Newly Discovered Extinct Ungulate Mammal from Patagonia, Homalodontotherium Cunninghami.”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, volume 164, London: […] Taylor and Francis, […], published 1874, →OCLC, page 175:

The few common characters by which the Edentata are associated are too well known to need repetition. The principal one is the abseance of any trace of the typical heterodont and diphyodont dentition, found in a more or less modified form in all other placental mammals.

1882 April 18, William Henry Flower, “On the Mutual Affinities of the Animals Composing the Order Edentata”, in Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London, number XXV, London: […] [Zoological] Society [of London]; Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, […], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 359:

[I]n many heterodont forms the teeth at the anterior end of the series of premolars and molars are small teeth, standing to the teeth behind them as the first terms of a series more or less regularly progressing in size.

1894, William Bateson, “Linear Series—continued”, in Materials for the Study of Variation Treated with Especial Regard to Discontinuity in the Origin of Species, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., →OCLC, page 269:

The process of evolution of the specialised heterodont dentition of the Mammalia, or of the Theriodontia, from the simple homodont and polyphyodont dentition of the lower Reptilia would, I think, necessarily cause a reduction in number of the successional sets of teeth, due to an enlargement of one set and a consequent abstraction of growth, energy and material from the underlying sets.

1894 August 1, M. F. Woodward, “On the Succession and Genesis of Mammalian Teeth”, in W. H. Dolamore, editor, The Dental Record: A Monthly Journal of Dental Science, Art, and Literature, Devoted to the Interests of the Profession, volume XIV, number 8, London, Manchester: Dental Manufacturing Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 375:

Finally the structure of the palate in ?Acrodus (and to a lesser extent, Hybodus and Asteracanthus) shows certain general resemblances to that of modern heterodont sharks, particularly in the lower postorbital ramus, absence of an orbital process, well-developed ethmoidal articulations and absence of a basal angle.

1981 April 2, Keith Stewart Thomson, “An Early Triassic Hybodont Shark from Northern Madagascar”, in Postilla, number 186, New Haven, Conn.: Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, published 15 February 1982, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 13, column 1:

Mammalian teeth are characteristically heterodont, i.e. teeth are dissimilar in shape and size.

2007 March, “Dentition in Mammals”, in Mahendra Jain, editor, Competition Science Vision: A Specialized Magazine for Medical Entrance & 10+2 Exams, volume 10, number 109, Agra, Uttar Pradesh: Mahendra Jain for Pratiyogita Darpan, →OCLC, page 76, column 2:

The first cetaceans were heterodont and had multicusped cheek teeth. […] The earliest odontocetes were heterodont, and the earliest mysticetes retained teeth[…], though vascular grooves on their palates suggest baleen too[…].

2010, Peter S. Ungar, “Cenozoic Mammalian Evolution”, in Mammal Teeth: Origin, Evolution, and Diversity, Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, part II (The Evolution of Mammal Teeth), page 120, column 1:

(zootomy) Having teeth of different types (like most mammals).


roach clip

A clip or holder, usually a 1 inch alligator clamp, used to hold the end of a hand-rolled marijuana cigarette so it can be smoked without burning the smoker's fingers.


hashish

en-noun

hashish (usually uncountable, plural hashishes)

From Arabic حَشِيش (ḥašīš, “hay, dried herb”).

bor

Coyly at first, but less guardedly as we grew bolder, we smoked the forbidden weed "Hashísh," conversing lengthily the while about that world of which I had seen so much.

1855, Sir Richard Burton, Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah, Dover, published 1964, page 44:

You know hasheesh is the extract of hemp?

1875, Louisa M[ay] Alcott, chapter 4, in Eight Cousins:

The leaves and tender parts of the Indian hemp plant (which are intoxicating), which are dried for either chewing or smoking.


bloat

en-verb

bloat (third-person singular simple present bloats, present participle bloating, simple past and past participle bloated)

bloats (present singular third-person)
bloating (participle present)
bloated (participle past)
bloated (past)

Perhaps from Middle English blot, blout (“soft; flexible; pliable”), from Old Norse blautr (“soft”). Akin to Danish blød, Dutch bloot (“nude”) and German bloß (“nude”).

(intransitive, veterinary medicine) To get an overdistended rumen, talking of a ruminant.


bloat

en-noun

bloat (countable and uncountable, plural bloats)

(veterinary medicine) Pathological overdistention of rumen with gas in a ruminant.


yellow fever

Your girl want me, we both know / Cause she got yellow fever

2015, “In This B*tch”, in WORLDWIDE, performed by Jay Park:

(figurative, slang) An attraction to ethnically East Asian men or women, expressed by non-East Asian (especially white European male or white American) people.


scrapie

scrapie (countable and uncountable, plural scrapies)

From scrape + -ie, from the tendency of affected animals to scrape themselves against solid objects.

This incurable disease, called scrapie, became a large problem, often killing one ewe in ten.

1999, Matt Ridley, Genome, Harper Perennial, published 2004, page 272:

central nervous system
central nervous system

A degenerative prion disease of sheep and goats that attacks the central nervous system.


garget

/ˈɡɑː(ɹ)ɡɪt/

From Middle English garget, gargate (“throat”), from Old French gargate. Compare gorge.


dystocia

dystocia (countable and uncountable, plural dystocias)

From Ancient Greek δυστοκία (dustokía, “difficult childbirth”), from δυσ- (dus-, “bad”) + τόκος (tókos, “childbirth”), from τίκτω (tíktō, “I give birth”).

uder

In macaques, baboons and chimpanzees, dystocia because of breech birth is the commonest category of fetal death.[…]Breech dystocia is rarely a problem for mother or neonates in small, multitocus species like marmosets and tamarins.

2005, James Mahoney, “Primate Management: Medical Care”, in Sonia Wolfe-Coote, editor, The Laboratory Primate, page 256:

Dystocia is defined as difficult delivery. Pelvic dystocia is due to aberrations of the pelvic architecture and its relationship to the presenting fetal part.[…]Fetal dystocia may be due to excessive fetal size from gestational diabetes or congenital anomalies.

2006, Richard Aghababian, Essentials of Emergency Medicine, page 480:

Although fetal dystocias are sometimes relieved by manipulation and instrumentation, cesarean sections are often the only practical methods of treatment.

2008, Dan Rice, The Complete Book of Dog Breeding, 2nd edition, page 96:

It is an appropriate way to allow resolution of the dystocia, after clearing the airway and checking for a nuchal cord.
The prevailing thinking is that the time window in which to resolve a shoulder dystocia before asphyxial insult (not injury) is about 4 minutes.

2009, James A. O′Leary, Shoulder Dystocia and Birth Injury: Prevention and Treatment, page 102:

(medicine, veterinary medicine) A slow or difficult labour or delivery.


vintage

en-noun

vintage (countable and uncountable, plural vintages)

From Middle English vendage, vyndage, from Anglo-Norman vendenge, from Old French vendage, vendenge (cognate with French vendange), from Latin vindēmia (“a gathering of grapes, vintage”), from vīnum (“wine”) + dēmō (“take off or away, remove”), from de (“of; from, away from”) + emō (“take”).

der

I had this story from one who had no business to tell it to me, or to any other. I may credit the seductive influence of an old vintage upon the narrator for the beginning of it, and my own skeptical incredulity during the days that followed for the balance of the strange tale.

1914, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter 1, in Tarzan of the Apes:

Wine, especially high-quality, identified as to year and vineyard or district of origin.

вино́ урожа́я

определённого го́да


croup

From Scots croup, croop (“the croup”), from Scots croup, crowp, croop (“to croak, speak hoarsely, murmur, complain”), from Old Scots crowp, crope, croap (“to call loudly, croak”), alteration of rowp, roup, roip, rope (“to cry, cry hoarsely, roop”), from Middle English roupen, ropen, from Old English hrōpan (“to shout, proclaim; cry out, scream, howl”), from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną (“to shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *ker-, *kor- (“to caw, crow”). More at roop.

(pathology) An infectious illness of the larynx, especially in young children, causing respiratory difficulty.


winegrower

A person or company that owns a vineyard and produces wine, a vinedresser.


robe

→ Irish: róba

→ Scottish Gaelic: ròb

From Middle English robe, roobe, from Old French robe, robbe, reube (“booty, spoils of war, robe, garment”), from Frankish *rouba, *rauba (“booty, spoils, stolen clothes”, literally “things taken”), from Proto-Germanic *raubō, *raubaz, *raubą (“booty, that which is stripped or carried away”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to tear, peel”).
cognates and related terms
Akin to Old High German roup (“booty”) (Modern German Raub (“robbery, spoils”)), Old High German roubōn (“to rob, steal”) (Modern German rauben (“to rob”)), Old English rēaf (“spoils, booty, dress, armour, robe, garment”), Old English rēafian (“to steal, deprive”). Cognate with Spanish ropa (“clothing, clothes”). More at rob, reaf, reave.

cog

Through tattered clothes small vices do appear; / Robes and furred gowns hide all.

c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vi]:

A long loose outer garment, often signifying honorary stature.

A wardrobe, especially one built into a bedroom.

The largest and strongest tobacco leaves.


robe

en-verb

robe (third-person singular simple present robes, present participle robing, simple past and past participle robed)

robes (present singular third-person)
robing (participle present)
robed (participle past)
robed (past)

(intransitive) To put on official vestments.


rictus

His face was a rictus of sheer delight.

Amid a thick, bristling beard, a nose like an owl's beak and a mouth whose corners were drawn by a wild-beast-like rictus were just discernible.

1899, Victor Hugo, translated by Paul Maurice, The Memoirs of Victor Hugo:

A rictus of cruel malignity lit up greyly their old bony faces.

1916, James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man:

Sword and shield, bone and steel / Rictus grin / Deaf forever to the battle's din

1986, “Deaf Forever”, performed by Motörhead:

Valves plugs pumps to erase/ rictus from my face.

1990, “Nothingface”, performed by Voivod:

The absolute incarnation of evil, Adolf Hitler, lies at your feet in a pool of his own blood. His wrinkled, crimson-splattered visage still strains, a jagged-toothed rictus trying to cry out. Insane even in death. Your lips pinched in bitter victory, you kick his head off his remains and spit on his corpse.

1993, Wolfenstein 3D, scene: after defeating Hitler (episode 3), level/area: 9:

It squinted at her through the hated light, its brow a rictus of pain and fear.

2001, Eoin Colfer, Artemis Fowl, page 56:

The apprentice watched his Master, pain twisting his features into a rictus.

2008, Sean Williams, Star Wars: The Force Unleashed, page 81:


veterinary surgeon

en-noun

veterinary surgeon (plural veterinary surgeons)

A doctor who practices veterinary medicine; a vet.


wattle

wattle (countable and uncountable, plural wattles)

From Middle English wattel, watel, from Old English watel, watul (“hurdle”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to turn, wind, bend”).

der

A single twig or rod laid on a roof to support the thatch.


ventricle

From late Middle English, from Latin ventriculus (“the belly”), diminutive of venter (“the belly”). Doublet of ventriculus.

Coordinate term: atrium

Meronyms: left ventricle, right ventricle

The muscular ventricles pump blood by contracting their fibers in response to electrical stimulation.

2018, Sandeep Jauhar, Heart: a History, →ISBN, page 47:

(anatomy, zootomy) Any small cavity within a body; a hollow part or organ, especially:

Meronyms: fourth ventricle, lateral ventricle, third ventricle

the ventricle of memory

c. 1595–1596 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Loues Labour’s Lost”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:

(neuroanatomy) One of four fluid-filled cavities in the brain, that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.

[On birds] Where omitting the more general Properties, of having two Ventricles, and picking up stones to conveigh them into their second Ventricle, the Gizzern, (which provision and instinct is a supply for the want of teeth;) […]

1662, Henry More, An Antidote Against Atheism, Book II: A Collection of Several Philosophical Writings of Dr. Henry More, page 72:

(archaic) A ventriculus; especially, a stomach.


Mary Jane

Mary Jane, you're always in my brain, and you help me ease the pain.

1995, “Mary Jane”, in Headsex, performed by Technohead, Mokum Records:

Mary Jane, since I have met you, girl, you've ruined my brain.

2005, “Stay Fly”, in Jordan Houston, Darnell Carlton, Paul Beauregard, Premro Smith, Marlon Goodwin, David Brown, Willie Hutchinson (lyrics), Most Known Unknown, performed by Three 6 Mafia (featuring Young Buck, 8 Ball, and MJG), Sony BMG:


mandible

From late Middle English, from Late Latin mandibula (“a jaw”), from mandō (“to chew, masticate”) + -bula (instrument noun suffix).

af

Coordinate term: maxilla

The jaw or a jawbone, especially the lower jawbone in mammals and fishes.

Either of the upper and lower segments of a bird's beak.

Any of various invertebrate mouthparts serving to hold or bite food materials.

One of the anterior pair of mouthparts of an arthropod, designed for holding and cutting food.


frass

en-noun

frass (countable and uncountable, plural frasses)

(entomology) The droppings or excrement of insect larvae.

Examine the stalk, especially behind the sheaths, for holes and sawdustlike frass where the larvae have entered to tunnel in the stalk.

1968, United States. Dept. of Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin, number 2190, page 5:

The sawdust-like byproduct of wood-boring insects like woodworm, termites, old-house borers or powderpost beetles.


frass

en-adj

frass (comparative frasser, superlative frassest)

frasser (comparative)
frassest (superlative)

Where’s that chap from earlier? Hop that fence fantastic hurdler
You must be frassed, there ain’t no burner.

2017, “Fire in the Booth”, performed by Taze, reused in ”Usual Suspects”:

Under the influence of marijuana, stoned.


claw

From Middle English clawe, from Old English clawu, from Proto-Germanic *klawō. Compare West Frisian klau, Dutch klauw, German Klaue, Danish klo, Norwegian klo, and Swedish klo.

(colloquial) A human fingernail, particularly one extending well beyond the fingertip.

a narrow base, as the petals of a Rose, where the claw is very short

1857, Asa Gray, First Lessons in Botany and Vegetable Physiology:

(botany) A slender appendage or process, formed like a claw, such as the base of petals of the pink.


claw

en-verb

claw (third-person singular simple present claws, present participle clawing, simple past and past participle clawed)

claws (present singular third-person)
clawing (participle present)
clawed (participle past)
clawed (past)

From Middle English clawen, from Old English clawan, clāwan, *clēn, clawian, from Proto-Germanic *klawjaną.

De Gea was United's hero again within seconds of Hernandez's equaliser, diving to his left to claw away Dirk Kuyt's shot as he got on the end of a superb cross from Stewart Downing.

2011 October 15, Phil McNulty, “Liverpool 1 - 1 Man Utd”, in BBC Sport:


bubbler

(US) A freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens), of central North America.


patent

en-adj

patent (comparative more patent, superlative most patent)

more patent (comparative)
most patent (superlative)

From Middle English patent, patente (“wide open; clear, unobstructed; unlimited; of a document: available for public inspection”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman and Middle French patent (modern French patent), and directly from their etymon Latin patēns (“open; accessible, passable; evident, manifest; exposed, vulnerable”), the present active participle of pateō (“to be open; to be accessible, attainable; to be exposed, vulnerable; of frontiers or land: to extent, increase”), from Proto-Indo-European *peth₂- (“to spread out; to fly”).

der

[ˈpʰæ̝ʔn̩t̚]

[ˈpʰe̞ɪʔn̩t̚]

(medicine, veterinary medicine) Of an infection: in the phase when the organism causing it can be detected by clinical tests.


cercus

From New Latin cercus, from Ancient Greek κέρκος (kérkos, “tail”).

(entomology) A structure on the end of the abdomen of most insects, sometimes long, hairlike sensory organs and sometimes smaller and rigid.


hind leg

Coordinate term: foreleg

“Can you hop on your hind legs?” asked the furry rabbit.
That was a dreadful question, for the Velveteen Rabbit had no hind legs at all! The back of him was made all in one piece, like a pincushion. He sat still in the bracken, and hoped that the other rabbits wouldn’t notice.

1921 June, Margery Williams, “The Velveteen Rabbit: Or How Toys Become Real”, in Harper’s Bazar, volume LVI, number 6 (2504 overall), New York, N.Y.: International Magazine Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:

Either of the two legs towards the rear of a four-legged animal.


foreleg

Coordinate term: hind leg

For example, the foreleg of the mole is admirably suited for digging underground. A similar modification is found in an entirely different group of the animal kingdom, namely, in the mole cricket[…] In both of these cases the adaptation is the more obvious, because, while the leg of the mole is formed on the same general plan as that of other vertebrates, and the leg of the mole cricket has the same fundamental structure as that of other insects, yet in both cases the details of structure and the general proportions have been so altered, that the leg is fitted for entirely different purposes from that to which the legs of other vertebrates and of other insects are put.

1903, Thomas Hunt Morgan, Evolution and adaptation:

Clover made a sort of wall round them with her great foreleg[…]

1943 November – 1944 February (date written; published 1945 August 17), George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], Animal Farm […], London: Secker & Warburg, published May 1962, →OCLC:

Either of the two legs towards the front of a four-legged animal such as a horse, or towards the front of a many-legged animal such as most insects, or of a piece of furniture, etc.

前腳 /前脚

either of the two legs towards the front of a four-legged animal


oral cavity

(zootomy, in haustellate insects, rare) The hollow on the lower surface of the head from which the proboscis protrudes.


heartworm

en-noun

heartworm (countable and uncountable, plural heartworms)

(veterinary medicine) A parasitic organism that afflicts dogs, of species Dirofilaria immitis of roundworms.

(veterinary medicine) (uncountable) The condition caused by this organism.


Panama Red

A type of marijuana, originally from Panama.


sorrel

sorrel (countable and uncountable, plural sorrels)

From Middle English sorel, from Old French sorel, surele (“sorrel”), from Old French sur (“sour”), of Germanic origin, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *sūraz (“sour”); equivalent to sour + -el (diminutive suffix). Compare Old English sūre (“sorrel”), Icelandic súra (“sorrel”), Dutch zuring (“dock (plant), sorrel”). More at sour.

Rumex acetosa
Rumex acetosa#Translingual

Any of various plants with acidic leaves of the genus Rumex, especially

Rumex acetosa (common sorrel, garden sorrel), sometimes used as a salad vegetable.


bucket bong

A type of bong for smoking marijuana, usually consisting of a bucket or similar device for holding water, a large bottle with its bottom cut off, and a socket for holding the marijuana in the cap.


hyoid

Borrowing from French hyoïde, from New Latin hȳoīdēs, from Ancient Greek ῡ̔οειδής (hūoeidḗs, “shaped like the letter "υ"”), from ὖ (û, “the Greek letter upsilon”) + -ο- (-o-) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

af

(anatomy, zootomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the hyoid bone.


maxilla

en-noun

maxilla (plural maxillae or (obsolete) maxillæ or maxillas)

maxillae (plural)
maxillæ (obsolete plural)
maxillas (plural)

From Middle English, from Latin māxilla (“the jawbone, jaw”), diminutive of māla (“the cheekbone, jaw”).

Coordinate term: mandible

An upper jaw especially of humans and other mammals in which the bony elements are closely fused.

(anatomy) Either of the two bones that lie with one on each side of the upper jaw lateral to the premaxilla and that in higher vertebrates bear most of the teeth.

(zootomy) One of the first or second pair of mouthparts posterior to the mandibles in many arthropods that are used for tasting and manipulating food.


stapes

From Medieval Latin stapēs (“stirrup”). Doublet of step.

The tympanic cavity is spanned by the three smallest bones in the body: the auditory ossicles[…] These bones, named for their shape, are the malleus (malʹe-us; "hammer"); the incus (ingʹkus; "anvil"); and the stapes (staʹpēz; "stirrup"). The "handle" of the malleus is secured to the eardrum, and the base of the stapes fits into the oval window.

2010, Elaine Nicpon Marieb, Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8th edition, page 576:

(anatomy, zootomy) A small stirrup-shaped innermost ossicle of the middle ear of mammals, transmitting vibrations from the incus to the inner ear.


giddy

en-adj

giddy (comparative giddier, superlative giddiest)

giddier (comparative)
giddiest (superlative)

The adjective is derived from Middle English gidi, gedy, gydy (“demonically controlled or possessed; crazy, insane; foolish, idiotic, ridiculous, unwise; unsure; (rare) dizzy, shaky; (rare) of an animal: crazed, out of control; a fool”) [and other forms], from Old English gidiġ, gydiġ (“possessed by a demon or spirit, insane, mad”), from Proto-West Germanic *gudīg (“ghostly, spirited”, literally “possessed by a god or spirit”), from *god (“god”) + *-ig, *-g (suffix forming adjectives with the senses of being, doing, or having). The English word is analysable as god + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’, forming adjectives).
The noun and the verb are derived from the adjective.

nb...

gedi, gidie, gidy, gudi, gudiʒe, guidi, guydi, gydi, gydie

лекомислен

unable to concentrate or think seriously; easily excited — see also impulsive

лекомислен

lightheartedly silly — see also frivolous

(British, dialectal, agriculture, veterinary medicine) Of an animal, chiefly a sheep: affected by gid (“a disease caused by parasitic infestation of the brain by tapeworm larvae”), which may result in the animal turning around aimlessly.

pyörimistautia poteva

of an animal, chiefly a sheep: affected by gid


giddy

(British, agriculture, veterinary medicine) Synonym of gid (“a disease caused by parasitic infestation of the brain by tapeworm larvae”)


tarsal

From tarsus + -al, cognate to New Latin tarsālis.

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or relating to the tarsus.


tarsal

(anatomy, zootomy) Ellipsis of tarsal bone.


tarsus

kitax̂

the part of the foot between the main part of the hindlimb and the metatarsus

(anatomy, zootomy) The part between the main part of the hindlimb and the metatarsus in terrestrial vertebrates.

(anatomy) A group of small bones in this part of the foot. The seven bones of the human tarsus form the ankle and upper part of the foot.

глезен

any of the seven bones in this part of the foot

On the ledge, the guillemots shuffle awkwardly about on their tarsi, the long bone connecting the ‘ankle’ to the feet.

2020, Tim Ecott, The Land of Maybe, Short Books, published 2021, page 99:

(zootomy) The shank or tarsometatarsus of the leg of a bird or reptile.

(zootomy) The true foot or the fifth joint of the leg of an insect or other arthropod, typically consisting of several small segments and ending in a claw.


nasal bone

(anatomy, zootomy) Either of two bones of the skull of vertebrates above the fishes which lie in front of the frontal bones and in humans are oblong in shape forming by their junction the bridge of the nose and partly covering the nasal cavity.


jimmy

*
* (chocolate sprinkles): Unknown. There is much speculation that they were named after Jim Crow, but there is little, if any, evidence to support this theory.

chocolate jimmies; rainbow jimmies

“What kind of sissy eats strawberry-frosted donuts?” I said. ¶ “With jimmies,” Belson said. ¶ “I had too much respect for you,” I said, “even to mention the jimmies.”

2009, Robert B. Parker, The Professional, Berkley Books, published 2010, →ISBN, page 232:

The crispy pastry tube was overflowing with sweetened, whipped ricotta and dotted with chocolate jimmies.

2017 September 22, Suzanne Loudermilk, “Dining review: At Giovanni's, hearty Italian fare and an old-fashioned feel”, in The Baltimore Sun, archived from the original on 2018-11-18:

(plural only, dialectal, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Maine, Mid-Atlantic US) Sprinkles used as a topping for ice cream, cookies, or cupcakes.

Rhode Island; Massachusetts; Rhode Island; Massachusetts

(US) A jemmy; a crowbar used by burglars to open windows and doors.

(slang, Royal Navy) First Lieutenant (Executive Officer)


jimmy

en-verb

jimmy (third-person singular simple present jimmies, present participle jimmying, simple past and past participle jimmied)

jimmies (present singular third-person)
jimmying (participle present)
jimmied (participle past)
jimmied (past)

The kitchen window had been jimmied.

(transitive, informal) To pry (something, especially a lock) open with or as if with a crowbar.


vertebral

-ɜː(ɹ)tɪbɹəl

(zootomy) Any of the large dorsal scales along the top of a snake's back.


mastoid

Borrowed from New Latin mastoīdēs, from Ancient Greek μᾰστοειδής (măstoeidḗs, “like a breast”), from μᾰστός (măstós, “a woman's breast”) + -ειδής (-eidḗs, “-like, -oid”).

af

(anatomy) Being the process of the temporal bone behind the ear.

(zootomy) Being any of several bony elements that occupy a similar position in the skull of lower vertebrates.


withers

en-noun

withers pl (normally plural, singular wither)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-I learned some phrases-withers.wav

From dialectal English wither (“against”) (compare wither-) + -s; see with. So-named because it is the part of the horse that pushes against a load. Compare German Widerrist (“withers”), from wider (“against”) + Rist (“wrist”).

The part of the back of a four-legged animal that is between the shoulder blades; in many species the highest point of the body and the standard place to measure the animal's height.


dengue

dengue (usually uncountable, plural dengues)

From West Indian Spanish dengue in 1828, from the Kiswahili term dinga (in full kidingapopo or kidinga pepo, "a kind of sudden cramp-like seizure caused by an evil spirit", dinga itself meaning sudden cramp-like seizure). The borrowed term changed to dengue in Spanish due to this word existing in Spanish with the meaning "fastidiousness" and the folk etymology referring to the dislike of movement by affected patients of chikungunya which was also reffered to as dengue until the first half of the 20th century.

An acute febrile disease of the (sub)tropics caused by the Dengue virus, a flavivirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and characterized by high fever, rash, headache, and severe muscle and joint pain.


ADR

ADR (countable and uncountable, plural ADRs)

/eɪ diː ˈɑː/

Coordinate term: BAR

Anytime you notice your horse is ADR instead of BAR, it's time to get on the phone to your vet.

2018, Kendra Gale, The Big Book of Miniature Horses, Trafalgar Square Books, →ISBN:

(veterinary medicine, slang, uncountable) Initialism of ain't doin' right. (the situation where an animal appears unwell but has not yet been diagnosed with any specific illness).


doober

Can you light my doober, please?


uropod

/ˈjʊəɹəˌpɒd/

Coordinate term: pleopod

(anatomy) either of the two posterior abdominal appendages of the lobster, shrimp and some other crustaceans.

(immunology) the hind part of polarized leukocytes, mostly involved in cell-to-cell interaction, cell activation and apoptosis.


yellow jack

yellow jack (countable and uncountable, plural yellow jacks)


sinus

Learned borrowing from Latin sinus (“a bent surface, curve, hollow”). Doublet of sine.

lbor

(anatomy, zootomy) A pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).


talon

From Middle English talon, taloun, from Old French talon (“heel, spur”), from Medieval Latin tālōnem, from Vulgar Latin *tālōnis, from Latin tālus (“ankle”).

and now doth gaſtly death
With greedie talients gripe my bleeding hart,
And like a Harpye tires on my life.

c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire, London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene vii:

It may be tried also whether birds may not have something done to them when they are young , whereby they may be made to have greater or longer bills , or greater and longer talons ?

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “VIII. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

A sharp, hooked claw of a bird of prey or other predatory animal.


incisor

Borrowing from New Latin incīsor, from incīdō (“to cut into, cut through”) + -tor (“-er, -or”, agent noun suffix).

af

(anatomy, zootomy) A narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth of mammals, between the canines and adapted for cutting; in humans there are four in each jaw.


philtrum

Borrowed from the Latin philtrum (“a love potion”), from Ancient Greek φῐ́λτρον (phĭ́ltron, “a love charm; the dimple in the upper lip”). Doublet of philter.

bor

(zootomy) The junction between the two halves of an animal's upper lip or nose.


scurvy

en-noun

scurvy (usually uncountable, plural scurvies)

The adjective is derived from Late Middle English scurvi, scurvy, variants of scurfi (“having scurf, scabby”), from scurf (“skin disease causing scabs or scales; flakes of skin that fall off due to a skin disease, etc.”) + -i (suffix forming adjectives). Scurf is derived from Old English scurf, from Proto-Germanic *skurf- (“to gnaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off, sever; to divide, separate”). By surface analysis, scurf (“skin disease; flakes of skin that fall off due to a skin disease; crust-like formations on the skin”) + -y (suffix meaning ‘having the quality of’ forming adjectives).
The noun is derived from the adjective. It was used to translate the similar-sounding Dutch scheurbuik, French scorbut, Middle Low German schorbūk (“scurvy (disease)”), etc.

cog

(uncountable, by extension, veterinary medicine, obsolete) A cattle disease, perhaps affecting the skin.


petiole

Borrowed from French pétiole, and its source, Late Latin petiolus (“little foot”), diminutive form of Latin pēs (“foot”).

(entomology, insect anatomy) A narrow or constricted segment of the body of an insect; especially, the metasomal segment of certain Hymenoptera, such as wasps.


spinal

Borrowed from Late Latin spīnālis (“of or belonging to the spine”), from spīna (“a prickle, spine”) + -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix). By surface analysis, spine + -al.

af

(anatomy, zootomy) Of or relating to the spine.

Of or relating to the spine.
Of or pertaining to the spinal cord.

(zoology) (of a frog or other experimental animal) Having a pithed brain, but an intact surgically isolated spinal cord.


West Nile fever

(pathology) A disease caused by the West Nile virus that is transmitted from birds to mosquitoes and then to people. Symptoms include drowsiness, headache and nausea, pain in the abdomen, a rash, and swollen glands, and may prove fatal.


sinsemilla

From Spanish sin semilla (literally “without seeds”).

bor

‘One day he’s Allah this, Allah that. Next minute it’s big busty blondes, Russian gymnasts and a smoke of the sinsemilla.’

2000, Zadie Smith, White Teeth, London: Penguin Books, published 2001, →ISBN, page 284:

[…] Tatum, who wears a different color Danskin every day, or Wayne, who grows sinsemilla in his actual closet, or Boomer, who's always hugging everyone since his family did EST.

2010, Jennifer Egan, “Ask Me if I Care”, in A Visit from the Goon Squad:

A form of cannabis where only the female is allowed to blossom. Without pollen from the male plant, the female blossoms produce no seeds, forming large panicled flowers.


anthrax

en-noun

anthrax (usually uncountable, plural anthraxes)

From Ancient Greek ἄνθραξ (ánthrax, “abscess, boil”).

der

Bacillus anthracis
Bacillus anthracis#Translingual

(pathology) An acute infectious disease of herbivores, especially sheep and cattle, caused by Bacillus anthracis.

The human disease that can occur in humans through contact with infected herbivores, tissue from infected animals, or high concentrations of anthrax spores, but is not usually spread between humans, with symptoms including lesions on the skin or in the lungs, often fatal.


palomino

Borrowed from Spanish palomino, from paloma (“dove, pigeon”) + diminutive suffix -ino.

I mount my palomino and ride off; his flaxen mane and tail are full of the wind.

2009, Percival Everett, I Am Not Sidney Poitier, Influx Press, page 217:

A horse with a golden-colored coat and a white or cream-colored mane and tail.

llaeth a chwrw (noun phrase used as attributive adjective)


chela

In fact, Gilgamesh's instructions are still-valid directions from the guru to the chela.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 184:

The guru had insight. He understood his chela. The relationship between a guru and his chela was as a father to a son, as a whole person to a whole person, individual and unique.

1987, Phirozshah Dorabji Mehta, The Heart of Religion, page 36:

The guru-chela relationship was a theme in many of Nicholas's paintings. In Pearl of Searching, the guru is looking thoughtfully at a pearl necklace with his chela. This symbolizes the "pearl of great price" that gives purpose to life.

2002, Warrior of Light: The Life of Nicholas Roerich: Artist, Himalayan Explorer, and Visionary, page 52:

This, of course, is done by the guru as the result of a long process in which his consciousness must merge with that of the chela and wherein the chela is absorbed essentially into the guru.

2007, Michael Bertiaux, The Voudon Gnostic Workbook: Expanded Edition, page 455:

A pupil or disciple, especially in Hinduism. [from 19th c.]


mota

Thurston... I think it's 10:30. We're calling from Providence, Rhode Island. Did you find your shit? You gotta watch the mota, Thurston, your fuckin memory just goes out the window.

1988, “Providence”, in Mike Watt (lyrics), Sonic Youth (music), Daydream Nation, performed by Sonic Youth, Enigma Records:


gladius

From Latin gladius (“Roman short sword, gladius”). Doublet of glaive.

bor

From the Cretaceous of North America fossilised gladii in the enigmatic genus Tusoteuthis have been estimated to give a mantle length (body size) of 1.8m, just less than that of the giant squid’s.

2017 October 31, Mark Carnall, The Guardian:

(zoology) A pen, a hard internal bodypart of certain cephalopods, made of chitin-like material.


pronotum

Phycosecids are small, ovate, convex beetles with a prognathous head, partly covered by a semicircular projection of the pronotum and a dorsal vestiture of whitish scales or scalelike setae.

2013, Adam Slipinski, Australian Beetles Volume 1: Morphology, Classification and Keys:

The dorsal plate of the prothorax in insects


cockle

From Middle English cokel, cokkel, kokkel, cocle, of uncertain origin. Perhaps a diminutive of Middle English cokke, cok (“cockle”), from Old English cocc (found in sǣcocc (“cockle”)) + -le; or perhaps from Old French coquille, from Vulgar Latin *cocchilia, from conchylia, from Ancient Greek κογχύλιον (konkhúlion), diminutive of κογχύλη (konkhúlē, “mussel”), of Pre-Greek substrate origin.

(directly from French coquille) A wrinkle, pucker

Rossiter W[orthington] Raymond
w:Rossiter W. Raymond

(mining, UK, Cornwall) The mineral black tourmaline or schorl.


cockle

en-verb

cockle (third-person singular simple present cockles, present participle cockling, simple past and past participle cockled)

cockles (present singular third-person)
cockling (participle present)
cockled (participle past)
cockled (past)

(transitive) To cause to contract into wrinkles or ridges, as some kinds of cloth after a wetting; to pucker.


cockle

Israel Wilde arrived last, his ankle swollen and already berry-blue after cockling at the top of Hatherself Scout.

2017, Benjamin Myers, The Gallows Pole, Bloomsbury, published 2019, page 32:

(Scotland, Northern England, Midlands) To wobble, shake; to be unsteady.


Chardonnay

en-noun

Chardonnay (countable and uncountable, plural Chardonnays)

/ˌʃɑː(ɹ)dəˈneɪ/

French, believed to be named after the village of Chardonnay in the Mâconnais region of France, where Pouilly-Fuissé is currently produced; it is possible that the variety was first bred there
The place name Chardonnay is from Late Latin Cardonnacum, from Latin carduus (“wild thistle, artichoke”), a name from the Roman period describing the surrounding area.

der

(countable) A green-skinned grape variety used to make a white wine.


tinta

en-noun

tinta (countable and uncountable, plural tintas)


Isabella

Latinate and Italian form of Isabel. The grape cultivar is popularly thought to have been discovered by a Mrs Isabella Gibbs of South Carolina in 1816.

Vitis labrusca
Vitis labrusca#Translingual

A grape cultivar popular in the former USSR derived from the grape species Vitis labrusca.


equine rhabdomyelosis

(veterinary medicine) A condition that affects the muscles of horses, ranging from stiffness and mild cramps to the horse becoming unable to stand and producing discoloured urine.


viticulture

viticulture (usually uncountable, plural viticultures)

/ˈvɪtɪˌkʌltʃə/

From viti- + culture, from Latin vītis + cultūra (“cultivation of the vine, vine-growing”). Compare agriculture.

The old French farmer practiced viticulture and raised some of the best grapes in the world.
He is knowledgeable in viticulture.

The agricultural practice of growing vines, particularly grape vines.

vneshtari

practice or science of growing vines, particularly grape vines for wine production


dapple

en-verb

dapple (third-person singular simple present dapples, present participle dappling, simple past and past participle dappled)

dapples (present singular third-person)
dappling (participle present)
dappled (participle past)
dappled (past)

Jt ſeemes it is in faſhion vvith you to ſugar your papers vvith Carnation phraſes, and dapple your ſpeeches vvith nevv quodled vvords.

1647, Theodore de la Guard [pseudonym; Nathaniel Ward], The Simple Cobler of Aggawam in America. […], London: […] J[ohn] D[ever] & R[obert] I[bbitson] for Stephen Bowtell, […], →OCLC, page 77:

dappling black on white with uneven strokes

1971, Gwen White, Antique Toys And Their Background, page 75:

Kris awoke with a start. Sweat dappled his forehead, and he brushed it away.

To mark or become marked with mottling or spots.


pelvic fin

(ichthyology) Either of a pair of fins on either side and towards the rear of a fish.


anal fin

(ichthyology) A fin located on the underside of a fish behind the anus.


pectoral fin

(ichthyology) Either of two fins located on each side of a fish just behind the head.


caudal fin

The tailfin of a fish and other aquatic vertebrates.

ফিছা

the tailfin of a fish and other aquatic vertebrates


dorsal fin

A fin located on the backs of fish and some marine mammals.


dugout

The key unit of life here is the dugout – what the soldiers call a ‘blindage’ – an underground burrow where half a dozen men share the narrow space between the bunks with weapons, ammunition, biscuits, tea bags, and a jumble of other essentials (there is also usually a cat, not to mention the mice).

2017 January 14, Roland Oliphant, “Special report: Loose cannons at the frontline of Ukraine's forgotten war”, in The Telegraph:

(military) A pit dug into the ground as a shelter, especially from enemy fire.


nicotine

Borrowed from French nicotine, equivalent to Nicot + -ine, named after Jean Nicot (1530–1604), the French ambassador to Portugal, who sent tobacco seeds back to France in 1561. The etymology of the surname itself is unclear.

He is addicted to nicotine.

The website calls a vote for Alyona a vote against "beauties who do not look natural and who cannot be distinguished from each other" and rails against the "imposed standards" of 90-60-90 vital statistics, and "cigarettes with out nicotine and coffee without caffeine".

2004 April 13, Nick Paton Walsh, “Ample Alyona shakes up Russian pageant”, in The Guardian:

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid (C₁₀H₁₄N₂), commonly occurring in the tobacco plant.

He's got nicotine stains on his fingers.


merus

From Ancient Greek μηρός (mērós, “thigh”).

(zoology) The meropodite; the first segment of the raptorial appendage of a crustacean.

(architecture) The plane surface between the channels of a triglyph.


Gamay

Yet the 2016 Éxilé rosé from Lise et Bertrand Jousset in the Loire Valley, made mostly of gamay, was yeasty let light and lithe, while the 2016 Indigeno from Ancarani in Emilia-Romagna, made of trebbiano, was taut and earthy.

2018 March 8, Eric Asimov, “Bubbles, With Joy: Pétillant Naturel’s Triumphant Return”, in The New York Times:

Any of several varieties of red grape used for making Beaujolais and other red wines.


piebald

en-adj

piebald (comparative more piebald, superlative most piebald)

more piebald (comparative)
most piebald (superlative)

From pie (“magpie”) + bald (“having white patches or blazes”).

"Well, isn't that just like a girl. All this round you, and you only see a bit of dust. It'll brush off." He patted ineffectually at his piebald shirt.

1965, Susan Cooper, Over Sea, Under Stone, page 20:

Usually, however, the hitcher was standing exactly where she'd first passed him, his arm perhaps just marginally less erect, his clothing (if rain was setting in) just that little bit more piebald.

2001, Michel Faber, Under the Skin, page 4:

The classic example of a piebald dog is the Dalmatian.

2011, Stanley Coren, Sarah Hodgson, Understanding Your Dog For Dummies:

Spotted or blotched, especially in black and white.


barbel

PIE word
 *bʰardʰéh₂
From Middle English barbel, from Old French barbel, from Vulgar Latin *barbellus, from Late Latin barbulus, diminutive of Latin barbus.

The Barble fishes, if one of them chance to be engaged, will set the line against their backes, and with a fin they have, toothed like a sharp saw, presently saw and fret the same asunder.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:

A freshwater fish of the genus Barbus or other closely related genera.

(biology) Whisker-like sensory organs, located around the mouth of certain fish, including catfish, carp, goatfish, sturgeon, and some types of shark.

barbo

whisker-like sensory organs of certain fish

A barb or pap under the tongues of horses and cattle.


toker

I'm a joker, I'm a smoker / I'm a midnight toker

1973, “The Joker”, performed by Steve Miller Band:

Before leading the coronavirus lockdown that worked and becoming New Zealand’s unifier-in-chief after the deadly shootings last year at two mosques in Christchurch, Ms. Ardern was, it seemed, like most of her constituents: a toker, at least once or twice.

2020 October 1, Damien Cave, “Jacinda Ardern Admits Past Cannabis Use. New Zealanders Shrug: ‘Us, Too.’”, in The New York Times:

You could take a few steps down the sidewalk and enter Friendly Stranger, which trades on nostalgia for tokers who picked up their first bong here, long before cannabis was legalized three and a half years ago.

2022 April 18, Catherine Porter, “A ‘Wild West’ of Marijuana Shops Grows in Toronto”, in The New York Times:


hotbox

One of the ex-L. & Y.R. "pugs" displaced by diesels at Bank Hall, No. 51232, is going to Preston for employment on the dock lines there, but when en route on December 31 it ran out of water and also sustained a hot box, as a result of which it was detained at Bank Hall.

1961 March, “Motive Power Miscellany”, in Trains Illustrated, page 181:

In particular, hot boxes on freight trains are a persistent problem.

1963 July, “News and Comment: Roller bearings for freight stock”, in Modern Railways, page 6:

Experience with infrared hotbox detector installations has demonstrated the validity of the analysis.

1964, RSC, Railway Signaling and Communications - Volume 57, page 18:

(engineering) An overheated shaft bearing.

(rail transport) An overheated axle box, bearing and bearing enclosure.

While you can do everything you wish in Maya without ever using the hotbox, once you get used to the way the hotbox conserves space and puts nearly all of Maya's tools in easy reach, you'll wonder how you ever got along without it .

2000, Perry Harovas, John L. Kundert-Gibbs, Peter Lee, Mastering Maya Complete 2 - Volume 1, page 63:

Another way to easily access menus is by using the hotbox, which appears when you press the spacebar.

2006, George Maestri, Maya 8 at a Glance, page 4:

The features available in the hotbox further depend on the type of the object that is under the cursor when the hotbox is invoked.

2012, Kang Zhang, Software Visualization: From Theory to Practice, page 122:

graphical user interface
graphical user interface

(graphical user interface) A context-sensitive dialog that duplicates many of the commands on the menu for users of the Maya Embedded Language.


lamina

en-noun

lamina (plural laminae or (archaic) laminæ or laminas)

laminae (plural)
laminæ (archaic plural)
laminas (plural)

Borrowed from Latin lāmina (“a thin piece of metal, wood, marble; a plate, leaf, layer”). Doublet of lame.

bor

A thin layer, plate, or scale of material.

(zootomy) One of the narrow thin parallel plates of soft vascular sensitive tissue that cover the flesh within the wall of a hoof.


pinto

en-adj

pinto (comparative more pinto, superlative most pinto)

more pinto (comparative)
most pinto (superlative)

Borrowed from Spanish pinto (“painted, mottled”).

bor+

While Profane, dreamy, went on to tell of his nights with the Alligator Patrol, and how he’d hunted one pinto beast through Fairing’s Parish; cornered and killed it in a chamber lit by some frightening radiance.