french fries

en-noun

french fries pl (normally plural, singular french fry)

Clipping of earlier French fried potatoes (1856) and French-fried potatoes, potatoes supposedly prepared in the French style.

French fries are our specialty.

“What's the matter?” she asked quickly. “Haven't we had all the things before? Soup, chops, peas, French fries, and the fruit pudding–there wasn't a thing new.”

1903, Lillian Pettengill, Toilers of the Home, New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, page 292:

His first official act was to order dinner. “A nice, juicy steak,” he is said to have called for, “French fries, apple pie and a cup of coffee.” It is probable that he really said “a coff of cuppee,” however, as he was a wag of the first water and loved a joke as well as the next king.

1922, Robert C. Benchley, chapter XXII, in Love Conquers All, Henry Holt & Company, page 111:

(chiefly Canada, US, Philippines) Strips of deep-fried potatoes that have been frenched (cut into strips).

nímasii ádaałtsʼóózígo niheeshgizhgo akʼah bee shibézhígíí


tomato

en-verb

tomato (third-person singular simple present tomatos, present participle tomatoing, simple past and past participle tomatoed)

tomatos (present singular third-person)
tomatoing (participle present)
tomatoed (participle past)
tomatoed (past)

/təˈmɑː.təʊ/

Borrowed from Spanish tomate, from Classical Nahuatl tomatl, from Proto-Nahuan *tomatl. Compare tomatillo.

(transitive, rare) to pelt with tomatoes


hand

From Middle English hond, hand, from Old English hand, from Proto-West Germanic *handu, from Proto-Germanic *handuz.
See also Dutch and Swedish hand (“hand”), Danish hånd, German Hand, West Frisian hân). Perhaps compare Old Swedish hinna (“to gain”), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰-𐌷𐌹𐌽𐌸𐌰𐌽 (fra-hinþan, “to take captive, capture”); and Latvian sīts (“hunting spear”), Ancient Greek κεντέω (kentéō, “prick”), Albanian çandër (“pitchfork, prop”).

handvol

that which is, or may be, held in a hand at once

hand

set of cards held by a player in a card game

a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush

catch someone with a hand in the cookie jar

close only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades

give with one hand and take away with the other

one can't hold two watermelons in one hand

talk to the hand 'cause the face ain't listening

the hand that rocks the cradle is the hand that rules the world

the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world

the left hand doesn't know what the right hand is doing

(historical) A Native American gambling game, involving guessing the whereabouts of bits of ivory or similar, which are passed rapidly from hand to hand.


russet

en-verb

russet (third-person singular simple present russets, present participle russeting or russetting, simple past and past participle russeted or russetted)

russets (present singular third-person)
russeting (participle present)
russetting (participle present)
russeted (participle past)
russeted (past)
russetted (participle past)
russetted (past)

From Middle English russet, from Anglo-Norman russet, rossat, roset, and Middle French rosset, rousset (“reddish, reddish-brown; a rough wool cloth”), from Middle French rous, rus (“to rouse”) + -et (diminutive suffix); compare Late Latin rossetum, russetum, russeta (“rough wool cloth”), Latin russus (“red”) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)), Occitan rosseta (“rough wool cloth”).

Pear psylla causes damage when nymphs, feeding at high densities on leaves, produce enough honeydew to drip onto the fruit. A black, sooty mold fungus then grows into the honeydew, distorting and russeting the fruit surface, which substantially lowers its commercial value, […]

1995, T. R. Unruh, P. H. Westigard, K. S. Hagen, “Pear Psylla”, in J. R. Nechols et al., editors, Biological Control in the Western United States: Accomplishments and Benefits of Regional Research Project W-84, 1964–1989 (University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication; 3361), Oakland, Calif.: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, →ISBN, page 95:

Cultivars differ greatly in their propensity to russet: the characteristic is heritable but more than one factor seems to be involved[…].

2003, John E. Jackson, “Flowers and Fruits”, in The Biology of Apples and Pears (Biology of Horticultural Crops), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 323:

I surprised my own amazement in the looking glass / where the resinous radiance of a chandelier / russeted the chaise longue and the chiffonier. / Autumn lay over everything I loved.

2007, Eric [Linn] Ormsby, “Time’s Covenant”, in Time’s Covenant: Selected Poems, Emeryville, Ont.: Biblioasis, →ISBN, prologue, stanza 3, page 256:

(transitive, intransitive, of apples, pears, etc.) To develop reddish-brown spots; to cause russeting.


tortilla

An authentic Spanish tortilla is traditionally made with just eggs, potatoes, onions, salt and pepper, but this version contains sliced red and green peppers for a bit of extra colour and flavour.

2004, The Student Cookbook, Hachette UK, →ISBN:

(Spanish cuisine) Spanish omelette; an omelette containing potatoes and onions.


chat

chat (third-person singular simple present chats, present participle chatting, simple past and past participle chatted)

chat Two people chatting. (canonical)
chats (present singular third-person)
chatting (participle present)
chatted (participle past)
chatted (past)

Abbreviation of chatter. The bird sense refers to the sound of its call.

Do you want to chat online later?

To exchange text or voice messages in real time through a computer network, as if having a face-to-face conversation.

(by extension, Philippines) To send a text message via Facebook Messenger instead of via SMS.


chat

en-noun

chat (countable and uncountable, plural chats)

Internet Relay Chat

(countable, uncountable) An exchange of text or voice messages in real time through a computer network, resembling a face-to-face conversation.

談話 /谈话

conversation to stop an argument or settle situations


mash

mash (countable and uncountable, plural mashes)

From Middle English mash, from Old English mǣsċ, māsċ, māx, from Proto-Germanic *maiskaz, *maiskō (“mixture, mash”), from Proto-Indo-European *meyǵ-, *meyḱ- (“to mix”). Akin to German Meisch, Maische (“mash”), (compare meischen, maischen (“to mash, wash”)), Swedish mäsk (“mash”), and to Old English miscian (“to mix”). See mix.


potato

potato (countable and uncountable, plural potatoes)

Borrowed from Spanish patata, itself borrowed from Taíno batata (“sweet potato”).

Metaphor for a person or thing of little value.

(slang, offensive) A mentally handicapped person.


tobacco

tobacco (countable and uncountable, plural tobaccos or tobaccoes)

→ Irish: tobaca

→ Scottish Gaelic: tombaca

→ Welsh: tybaco

Attested since 1588, borrowed from Spanish tabaco. The Spanish word could be from Arabic طُبَّاق (ṭubbāq, “Dittrichia viscosa”) or from a Caribbean language such as Kari'na or Taíno or multiple of them, from a word meaning "roll of tobacco leaves" or "a pipe for smoking tobacco," such as tabago (“tube for inhaling smoke or powdered intoxicating plants”).

der

(uncountable) Any plant of the genus Nicotiana.

Tobacco-settlement bonds are a tribute both to the inventiveness of bankers and the childlike impatience of politicians.

2013 September 7, “Unlucky strike”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8852:

Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacum#Translingual

(uncountable) Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and some other species cultivated and harvested to make cigarettes, cigars, snuff, for smoking in pipes or for chewing.

tabak

leaves of certain varieties of tobacco plant


tom

From generic use of the proper name Tom.


tom

Toms 90p a pound

“I'd like sausage, eggs, bacon, toms, mushies, beans – oh, and some fried bread,” said Mike.

2009, Mark Penny, Jonathan Penny, The Golden Pig, page 160:

(British, greengrocers' slang) A tomato (the fruit).


pepper

en-noun

pepper (countable and uncountable, plural peppers)

Tok Pisin: pepa

→ Hawaiian: pepa

→ Marshallese: pepa

From Middle English peper, piper, from Old English piper, from Proto-West Germanic *pipar, from Latin piper, from an Indo-Aryan source; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”). The name was given to the capsicum fruit because of its unusual spicy taste, not unlike the Old World spice. Cognate with Scots pepar, Saterland Frisian Pieper, West Frisian piper, Dutch peper, German Low German Peper, German Pfeffer, Danish peber, Swedish peppar, Icelandic pipar. Doublet of falafel and peepul.

cog

(uncountable) A spice prepared from the fermented, dried, unripe berries of this plant.

(UK, US, Ireland and Canada) A fruit of the capsicum plant: red, green, yellow or white, hollow and containing seeds, and in very spicy and mild varieties.

Some ballparks have signs saying "No pepper games".

(baseball) A game used by baseball players to warm up where fielders standing close to a batter rapidly return the batted ball to be hit again


pepper

en-verb

pepper (third-person singular simple present peppers, present participle peppering, simple past and past participle peppered)

peppers (present singular third-person)
peppering (participle present)
peppered (participle past)
peppered (past)

(cryptography) To use a pepper (type of value used prior to hashing).


bangun

en-noun

bangun (usually uncountable, plural banguns)

(India, uncommon) An eggplant; a brinjal.


chewing

chewing (countable and uncountable, plural chewings)

From Middle English chewyng, chewynge, from Old English ċīwung, ċȳwung, ċēowung (“chewing”), equivalent to chew + -ing.

(drugs) The consumption of loose leaf tobacco juice from tobacco plants by chewing leaves near the cheek.


baccy

baccy (usually uncountable, plural baccies)

To the "Nut" then, with its dirty little smoking-room, clouded with fumes arising from baccies of every description; curling upwards from the short black Irish clay bowl, full of strong ship's baccy, as well as from the best of Havannahs […]

1882, Chums: A Tale of the Queen's Navy, volume 1, page 200:

No one ever see him down on his luck till this cussed fever took him, Our rations was often short, but it was share and share alike down to the last pipe o' baccy.

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 168:

"I'll prove I can see you. You've got a pipe in your mouth." ¶ "Anyone that knows the smell of baccy could tell that," said Diggle.

1956, C. S. Lewis, chapter 13, in The Last Battle, Collins, published 1998:


tater

Representing an aphetic pronunciation of potato. Compare patater (“potato”), 'mater (“tomato”), and 'naner (“banana”).

Playing 14 seasons in the major leagues, the right-handed-batting Scott was a three-time All-Star and hit 271 home runs, or taters, as he called them.

2013 July 29, Richard Goldstein, “George Scott, Slugger Who Boomed ‘Taters’ in Fenway, Dies at 69”, in The New York Times:


jalapeño

/ˌhæləˈpiːnəʊ/

/ˌdʒæləˈpiːnəʊ/

/ˌhæləˈpɛnjəʊ/

/d͡ʒəˈlæpənoʊ/

Unadapted borrowing from Mexican Spanish jalapeño.

ubor

Coordinate term: cayenne pepper

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

A cultivar of hot chili pepper, Capsicum annuum.


habanero

/ˌ(h)ɑːbəˈnɛɹəʊ/

Capsicum chinense
Capsicum chinense#Translingual

An intensely spicy chili pepper, Capsicum chinense.


Scotch bonnet

Of the pepper, mushroom, and snail, from the resemblance to the Scottish tam o'shanter.

A variety of hot chilli pepper (a cultivar of Capsicum chinense).


spud

From Middle English spudde (“small knife”). Origin unknown; probably related to Danish spyd, Old Norse spjót (“spear”), German Spieß (“spear; spike; skewer”). Compare English spit (“sharp, pointed rod”). The use of the term for a potato was perhaps first used in New Zealand and Australian dialect and slang.

As I turned out of the wood, I heard the shrill tone of infant wailing; and as I came towards the cottage, I saw a fine flaxen-headed urchin, some six or seven years old, stamping and beating himself with his clenched little spuds of fists, in a perfect ecstasy of passion […]

1844, Richard Sainthill, An Olla Podrida: Or, Scraps, Numismatic, Antiquarian, and Literary:

1728, Jonathan Swift, A Pastoral Dialogue, 1910, William Browning (editor), The Poems of Jonathan Swift, Volume 2, 2004, Gutenberg eBook #13621,
My love to Sheelah is more firmly fixt, / Than strongest weeds that grow these stones betwixt: / My spud these nettles from the stone can part; / No knife so keen to weed thee from my heart.

1885, Richard Jefferies, After London: or Wild England, 2004 [1905], Gutenberg eBook #13944,
Deprived of motion by the blow of the club, it can, on the other hand, be picked up without trouble and without the aid of a dog, and if not dead is despatched by a twist of the Bushman's fingers or a thrust from his spud. The spud is at once his dagger, his knife and fork, his chisel, his grub-axe, and his gouge. It is a piece of iron (rarely or never of steel, for he does not know how to harden it) about ten inches long, an inch and a half wide at the top or broadest end, where it is shaped and sharpened like a chisel, only with the edge not straight but sloping, and from thence tapering to a point at the other, the pointed part being four-sided, like a nail.

"I rigged up a contraption to hold off those stinking beasts, and I spent a happy day there with a spud."

1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

A most respectable old Johnnie, don't you know. Doesn't do a thing nowadays but dig in the garden with a spud.

1925, P. G. Wodehouse, “Jeeves Takes Charge”, in Carry On, Jeeves, Arrow Books, published 2008, page 19:

A tool, similar to a spade, used for digging out weeds etc.

малка мотика

spade-like tool used for digging out weeds


spud

en-verb

spud (third-person singular simple present spuds, present participle spudding, simple past and past participle spudded)

spuds (present singular third-person)
spudding (participle present)
spudded (participle past)
spudded (past)

A rope called the jerk line is attached to the wrist pin of the band-wheel crank, brought inside the derrick, and attached to the part of the drilling cable which extends from the crown pulley to the bull-wheel shaft by a curved metal slide called a spudding shoe. (See fig. 8.)

1911, Isaiah Bowman, United States Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 257: Well-Drilling Methods, page 46:

When a well is spudded, the drilling assembly is loosely tied to the guide wires with 1/2″ manila rope.

1999, Steve Devereux, Drilling for Oil & Gas: A Nontechnical Guide, page 86:

Spudding is the process of lifting and dropping the pile constantly until the obstruction is broken into pieces. Obviously, spudding cannot be done with lighter piles (timber or pipe piles). Concrete piles and steel H-piles are good candidates for spudding.

2008, Ruwan Rajapakse, Pile Design and Construction Rules of Thumb, page 367:

Prepayments of drilling expenses are deductible by tax-shelter investors only if the well is “spudded” within 90 days after the close of the taxable year in which the prepayment was made, and the deduction is limited to the original amount of the investment.

2008, J. K. Lasser, J.K. Lasser′s Your Income Tax: 2009, Professional, Edition, page 238:

(drilling) To begin drilling an oil well; to drill by moving the drill bit and shaft up and down, or by raising and dropping a bit.


spud

A game for three or more players, involving the gradual elimination of players by throwing and catching a ball.


burley

en-noun

burley (countable and uncountable, plural burleys)

Unknown. Compare the personal name Burley.

The price received by farmers at the auctions for burley has decreased, other conditions being about average, around 1.45 cents for each 10-million-pound increase in the production of burley

1952, Glenn Leroy Johnson, Burley Tobacco Control Programs, page 59:

(US) A tobacco grown mainly in Kentucky, used in making cigarettes.

Fish will swim up your burley trail looking for the source which should be where your baits are placed, instead of dumping a heap of burley at once where the fish will feed on it quickly and move on.

2018, Jacks Boric, “Fishing with Burley”, in Shimano Fishing Oceania:

(Australia) Blood and offal used by fishermen to attract fish.


chaw

chaw (countable and uncountable, plural chaws)

From Middle English chawen, an unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen ("to chew"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēow (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).

gl

"to chew"; whence Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">kauwen</i>

cog

When the doctor told him to quit smoking, Harvey switched to chaw, but then developed cancer of the mouth.

"YOU give him a chaw, did you? So did your sister's cat's grandmother. You pay me back the chaws you've awready borry'd off'n me, Lafe Buckner, then I'll loan you one or two ton of it, and won't charge you no back intrust, nuther."

1889, Mark Twain, chapter 21, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:

He […] went into the store and behind the counter and reached up and got the plug of chewing tobacco and unwrapped it and bit off a chaw.

(Appalachia, informal, uncountable) Chewing tobacco.


medlar

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-medlar.wav

From Middle English medler, medeler, from Old French medler, meslier, from medle, mesdle (“medlar fruit”), from Latin mespilum, from Ancient Greek μέσπιλον (méspilon). Related to the rare mesple, via Proto-West Germanic *mespilā.

Any tree of the genus Mespilus, now Crataegus sect. Mespilus, including many species now in other genera.


pomodoro

en-noun

pomodoro (countable and uncountable, plural pomodoros or pomodori)

From Italian pomodoro (“tomato”). The time interval comes from the Pomodoro kitchen timer, which is in the shape of a tomato.

Pastas, with soup & homemade bread — spaghetti with fresh garlic & olive oil $8.95, with pomodoro $8.95, with meatballs or Sicilian sausage $9.95, with prosciutto & olives $10.95, cannelloni $9.95, lasagna Siciliana $9.95, with fresh clams in a white wine sauce $10.95.

1995, Louis E. Madison, San Francisco on a shoestring, page 125:

Entrees include pizza with roasted vegetables; pizza margherita with tomato, fresh basil, and mozzarella; pizza with prosciutto, peppers, and onions; risotto of the day; rigatoni with pomodoro and Parmesan; radiatore puttanesca with capers, olives, anchovies, and garlic; fresh-spinach spaghetti primavera with garden vegetables, garlic, and oil; spaghetti Bolognese.

1994, New York - Volume 27, Issues 10-13, page 77:

Spread some pomodoro over the ricotta.

(uncountable) Ellipsis of pomodoro sauce.


latke

From Yiddish לאַטקע (latke), from either Russian ла́тка (látka, “pastry, patch”) or Ukrainian оладка (oladka, “pancake, fritter”). In Polish łatka (“patch”) or placek, placki (“fritter, fritters”).

Her favorite Chanukah memories were of eating latkes and sour cream while her mother gossiped with the aunts and cousins.

We do not spend our days huddled in smoke-filled rooms plotting world domination while Jared Kushner plays dreidel in the back with Noam Chomsky and George Soros sneaks the last latke.

2022 January 19, Yair Rosenberg, “Why So Many People Still Don’t Understand Anti-Semitism”, in The Atlantic:

A pancake fried in oil, usually made from potatoes and sometimes also onions, traditionally served on Hanukkah.


Idaho

Colorado Territory
Columbia River
New-York Tribune
Oxford English Dictionary

Uncertain; possibly from Plains Apache ídaahȩ́ (“Comanche”), though the Oxford English Dictionary states that the development of the state’s name from that word remains undocumented. The name Idaho was said to have been considered around 1860 for what was eventually called the Colorado Territory (now the state of Colorado) in 1861, and in 1863 was given to Idaho County (now part of Idaho); the county was named after a steamship launched on the Columbia River in 1860.
The eccentric political lobbyist George Maurice Willing, Jr. (c. 1829 – 1874) claimed to have coined the name after a girl named Ida, though saying it was a Shoshoni term meaning “gem of the mountains” (no such term exists), but evidence suggests that there was use of the name in Colorado pre-dating Willing’s arrival in the West in 1859.
The common noun (“type of potato”) is derived from the name of the state.

A state in the western United States. Capital and largest city: Boise.

An unincorporated community in Pike County, Ohio, United States, named for Idaho Territory.


Idaho

In full Idaho potato: a variety of potato grown in Idaho, especially the Russet Burbank.

Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · California · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · Florida · Georgia · Hawaii · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiana · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · New Mexico · New York · North Carolina · North Dakota · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvania · Rhode Island · South Carolina · South Dakota · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginia · Washington · West Virginia · Wisconsin · Wyoming

American Samoa · Guam · Northern Mariana Islands · Puerto Rico · United States minor outlying islands · United States Virgin Islands


petunia

From New Latin Petunia, from (now obsolete) French pétun (“the tobacco plant”), from Portuguese petum (“tobacco”), from Paraguayan Guaraní pety.

Usually petunias are quite pest free, but aphids are occasional problems.

2002, Larry Hodgson, Annuals for Every Purpose, page 57:

The small purple petunias are produced in profusion and without ceasing during the entire season.

2003, Norman Winter, Tough-As-Nails Flowers for the South, page 39:

Closely related calibrachoas, often called miniature petunias, offer dainty petunia-like blossoms that are perfect for planting in pots.
No matter what type of petunias you choose, they all prefer plenty of sun.

2013, Jan Riggenbach, Your Midwest Garden: An Owner's Manual, page 18:

Any of the flowering plants of genus Petunia, of which most garden varieties are hybrids.


paprika

paprika (countable and uncountable, plural paprikas)

Borrowed from Hungarian paprika, from Serbo-Croatian pàprika, from pȁpar, from Proto-Slavic *pьpьrь, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi, “pepper”), from Indo-Aryan; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”). Akin to paprikash.

California is taking the lead, producing a paprika that is more standardized and more uniformly available than the European growers offer.

1995, Jean Andrews, Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums, →ISBN, page 73:

(uncountable) Powdered spice made from dried and ground fruits of sweet pepper (bell pepper) or chili pepper (cultivars of Capsicum annuum), or mixtures of these (used especially in Hungarian cooking).

Using the trio of paprikas gives more flavour than you'd get using a single paprika.

2011, Heidi Swan, Super Natural Evey Day, →ISBN:

strings of red paprikas hang outside to dry in the autumn

2003, Jonathan Bousfield, Rough Guide to Croatia, →ISBN, page 123:

(countable, rare, commonly called "dried [bell/chilli] peppers" or "dried capsicums") A dried but not yet ground fruit of sweet pepper (bell pepper) or chili pepper sold for use as a spice.

paprika:

A bright reddish orange colour resembling that of the ground spice.


chipotle

From Spanish chipotle, from Classical Nahuatl chīlpōctli, compound of chīlli (“pepper”) + pōctli (“smoke”).

Sweet corn on the cob comes to vibrant life with a caramelized glaze of smoky chipotle peppers, tangy lime juice, sea salt, and agave nectar.

2012, Bo Rinaldi, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Low-Fat Vegan Cooking, Penguin, →ISBN:

A ripe jalapeño pepper, dried and smoked for use in cooking.

乾紅辣椒 /干红辣椒

a ripe jalapeño pepper, dried and smoked for use in cooking


tabasco

tabasco (usually uncountable, plural tabascos)

Louisiana is a major producer of tabascos.


gooseberry

From goose + berry. It is possible that the first element was originally something related to the gros- of French groseille and/or the kruis- of Dutch kruisbes but has been altered by folk etymology.

Any of several other plants that are not closely related but bear fruit in some way similar:

Long Key locustberry or shiny locustberry (Byrsonima lucida)


cascabel

The very pungent Mexican Cascabel looks a lot like the Cherry pepper when it is growing.[…]In the dry state the skin becomes translucent and the seeds are loose so that they rattle, hence cascabel, which means sleigh or jingle bells. Another cultivar, the elongate Catarina, is often called Cascabel because its dry seeds also make a noise within its translucent dry skin.

1984, Jean Andrews, Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums, published 1995, page 100:

Cascabels are available dried in Latin American markets. Hot and nutty in flavor, cascabels are good in sauces, beans, and chilis.

1997, Didi Emmons, Vegetarian Planet: 350 Big-Flavor Recipes for Out-Of-This-World Food Every Day, page 415:

Prepare the cascabels using one of the methods in the Preparing Cascabels box, at left.

2004, Rick Greenspan, Hal Kahn, The Leave-No-Crumbs Camping Cookbook, page 94:

A small, round, hot variety of chili pepper, Capsicum annuum, which rattles when dry.

The cascabel, instead of being permanently attached to the breech of the piece, is set into it by means of a screw, and thus in reality the bore extends the entire distance of the gun, so that when the cascabel is taken off one can look directly through the gun.

1862, Samuel Kneeland, George Bliss, David Ames Wells, William Ripley Nichols, edited by Charles Robert Cross and John Trowbridge, Year-Book of Facts in Science and Art, page 91:

This iron cannon with a single muzzle band, without trunnions and with an oversized cascabel is believed by many to be the original “Come and Take It” cannon and is displayed at the Gonzales Memorial Museum and occasionally elsewhere within Texas.

2011, Roy F Sullivan, The Texas Revolution: Tejano Heroes, page 137:

I was looking at a 151 mm caliber cannon, which used the twentyfour pound cannon ball and displayed a beautiful lion′s head on the back end of its breach area. An elaborate cascabel stuck out of the mouth of each animal. The cascabel was primarily used to attach ropes that secured the cannon during the recoil blowback that came from firing.

2011, Chris Messner, Cuba Open from the Inside: Travels in the Forbidden Land:

A knob at the end of a cannon, cast onto the gun breech, to which a heavy rope is attached in order to control recoil.


robe

→ Irish: róba

→ Scottish Gaelic: ròb

From Middle English robe, roobe, from Old French robe, robbe, reube (“booty, spoils of war, robe, garment”), from Frankish *rouba, *rauba (“booty, spoils, stolen clothes”, literally “things taken”), from Proto-Germanic *raubō, *raubaz, *raubą (“booty, that which is stripped or carried away”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to tear, peel”).
cognates and related terms
Akin to Old High German roup (“booty”) (Modern German Raub (“robbery, spoils”)), Old High German roubōn (“to rob, steal”) (Modern German rauben (“to rob”)), Old English rēaf (“spoils, booty, dress, armour, robe, garment”), Old English rēafian (“to steal, deprive”). Cognate with Spanish ropa (“clothing, clothes”). More at rob, reaf, reave.

cog

Through tattered clothes small vices do appear; / Robes and furred gowns hide all.

c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vi]:

A long loose outer garment, often signifying honorary stature.

A wardrobe, especially one built into a bedroom.

The largest and strongest tobacco leaves.


robe

en-verb

robe (third-person singular simple present robes, present participle robing, simple past and past participle robed)

robes (present singular third-person)
robing (participle present)
robed (participle past)
robed (past)

(intransitive) To put on official vestments.


chili

en-noun

chili (countable and uncountable, plural chilis or chilies)

→ Welsh: tsili

Borrowed from Spanish chile, from Classical Nahuatl chīlli.

Capsicum—the dried ripe fruit of Capsicum fastigiatum—is also known as Chilly pepper, Chillies, Guinea, or pod pepper, and is chiefly brought from Zanzibar. The several varieties differ in shape and size, are of a red colour, and filled with numerous red-brown, pungent seeds.

1874, Finlay Dun, “Peppers”, in Veterinary Medicines: Their Actions and Uses, 4th edition, New York, N.Y.: William Wood & Company, →OCLC, pages 442–443:

Kama Indian Bistro, […] Everything is made from scratch, including the spice blends and sauces; the ingredients are quality; and the heat is no-holds-barred. Planks of crispy, "chilly" potatoes and elegant, delicately flavored shrimp Sunnaina in white-wine garlic-tomato concassé are hits.

2014, Jennifer Olvera, “Suburban Stunners, Stalwarts & Surprises”, in Amy Lyons, editor, Food Lovers’ Guide to Chicago: The Best Restaurants, Markets & Local Culinary Offerings (Food Lovers’ Series), 2nd edition, Guilford, Conn.: Globe Pequot Press, →ISBN, page 187:

(countable) The pungent, spicy fresh or dried fruit of any of several cultivated varieties of capsicum peppers, used in cooking.

(uncountable) Powdered chili pepper, used as a spice or flavouring in cooking.


chili

Ellipsis of chili con carne, from Spanish chile con carne (literally “chili with meat”).

der

(chiefly US) A dish made with chili peppers and other ingredients, such as beans and beef.


eggplant

en-noun

eggplant (countable and uncountable, plural eggplants)

From egg + plant, originally applied only to the white-colored, egg-shaped variety.

Solanum melongena
Solanum melongena#Translingual

(Canada, US, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines) The plant Solanum melongena.


aubergine

aubergine (countable and uncountable, plural aubergines)

Bislama: obesin

Unadapted borrowing from French aubergine, from Catalan albergínia, from Arabic اَلْبَاذِنْجَان (al-bāḏinjān, “the aubergine”), from Persian بادنجان (bâdenjân), from باتنجان (bâtenjân), from Sanskrit वातिगगम (vātigagama, “the plant that cures the wind”), cognate with Malayalam വഴുതന (vaḻutana). Doublet of brinjal.

der

اَلْبَاذِنْجَان

(British, Ireland) An Asian plant, Solanum melongena, cultivated for its edible purple, green, or white ovoid fruit; eggplant.

(British, Ireland) The fruit of this plant, eaten as a vegetable.


aloo

From Hindustani آلو (ālo) / आलू (ālū), ultimately from Sanskrit आलु (ālu), said to mean the edible root of a variety of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius.


potato bread

en-noun

potato bread (countable and uncountable, plural potato breads)

A type of bread made with potatoes, often served shallow-fried as part of a cooked breakfast, common in Northern Ireland and Scotland.

Kartoffelbrot

a type of bread made with potatoes and onions


bell pepper

bell pepper (countable and uncountable, plural bell peppers)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bell pepper.wav

(Canada, US, Philippines) Capsicum annuum, an edible, sweet, generally mild (not spicy) fruit, originating in the New World.


tatty

I'm buying fucking tatties.

2022, Liam McIlvanney, The Heretic, page 245:

(Scotland, Northern England, Geordie) A potato.


Anaheim

Borrowed from German Anaheim (literally “home of Ana”). Likely a reference to the local Santa Ana River.

bor

A city in Orange County, in southern California, United States; the home of Disneyland.


Anaheim

A cultivar of the green or red pepper, Capsicum annuum, having long, tapering fruit.


popolo

en-noun

popolo (countable and uncountable, plural popolos)

Borrowed from Hawaiian pōpolo from Proto-Polynesian *polo; cognate with Maori poroporo and pōporo (Solanum aviculare), Tongan polo (“Solanum nigrum”) and Tuvaluan 'opolo (“capsicum”). Skin color meaning comes from analogy to the color of its berries.

The only lack of Kalelealuaka and his comrades was animal food (literally fish) but they supplied its place as well as they could with such herbs as the tender leaves of the popolo, which they cooked like spinach, and with inamona made from the roasted nuts of the kukui tree.

Popolo is a branching green herb with a tendency to being woody at the base. This annual grows one to three feet high on cultivated land and is regarded as a common weed.

1975, L. R. McBride, Practical folk medicine of Hawaii, page 67:

This mite was collected at the Maui Community College agricultural field (Kahului) on popolo berry on 19 July 1995 by C. McGrath.

1998, Hawaiian Entomological Society, Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society:

He turned and went back at the call of the messenger, taking some popolo fruit and leaves in his cloak.

2011, William D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Legends of Ghosts and Ghost-Gods, →ISBN:

Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum#Translingual

(Hawaii) black nightshade (Solanum nigrum).


chili pepper

Audio (US)

Any fruit of a plant of the botanical genus Capsicum, which contains capsaicin and typically has a spicy or burning flavor.


tabasco pepper

tabasco pepper (countable and uncountable, plural tabasco peppers)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tabasco pepper.wav

Capsicum frutescens
Capsicum frutescens#Translingual

A variety of chili pepper having a conical shape and a bitter and burning taste, Capsicum frutescens variety tabasco.


ancho

From Spanish (chile) ancho (literally “wide chile”).

bor

Add stock, tomato sauce, beans, roasted red pepper, garlic, paprika, ancho powder, ground chipotles and habaneros, cocoa powder, salt and pepper.

2009 January 30, “Fire-roasted hot chili”, in Toronto Star:

A broad, flat, dried poblano pepper, often ground into a powder.


capsaicin

en-noun

capsaicin (usually uncountable, plural capsaicins)

Arbitrary alteration of earlier capsicine, capsicin (“material extracted from cayenne pepper”), presumably to prevent confusion, from German Capsicin, from New Latin capsicum + German -in. Name introduced by John Clough Thresh (1850–1932) in “Capsaicin, the Active Principle of Capsicum Fruits”.

(organic chemistry) A chemical compound found in chilli peppers, which is responsible for their piquancy.


bittersweet

[ˈbɪɾɚˌswiʔt̚]

From Middle English bitterswete, biterswete, equivalent to bitter + sweet. Cognate with Saterland Frisian bitterswäit (“bittersweet”), West Frisian bittersoet (“bittersweet”), Dutch bitterzoet (“bittersweet”), German bittersüß (“bittersweet”), Danish bittersød (“bittersweet”), Swedish bittersöt (“bittersweet”).

cog

Bitter ſweete bringeth foorth wooddie ſtalks as doth the Vine, parted into many ſlender creeping braunches, by which it climeth and taketh holde of hedges and ſhrubbes next vnto it. […] Bitter ſweet doth grow in moiſt places about ditches, riuers, and hedges, almoſt euery where.

1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Bitter Sweete, or Woode Nightshade”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book II, pages 278–279:

Solanum dulcamara
Solanum dulcamara#Translingual

Bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara).

acıtəhər quşüzümü

bittersweet nightshade, Solanum dulcamara

I had once before visited these three villages, Skedans, Tanoo and Cumshewa. The bitter-sweet of their overwhelming loneliness created a longing to return to them.

1941, Emily Carr, chapter 18, in Klee Wyck:

bittersweet:

A pinkish-orange color. Any color in between scarlet and orange.


hot sauce

en-noun

hot sauce (usually uncountable, plural hot sauces)

Any liquid spicy condiment or cooking ingredient made from chili peppers.


nicotine

Borrowed from French nicotine, equivalent to Nicot + -ine, named after Jean Nicot (1530–1604), the French ambassador to Portugal, who sent tobacco seeds back to France in 1561. The etymology of the surname itself is unclear.

He is addicted to nicotine.

The website calls a vote for Alyona a vote against "beauties who do not look natural and who cannot be distinguished from each other" and rails against the "imposed standards" of 90-60-90 vital statistics, and "cigarettes with out nicotine and coffee without caffeine".

2004 April 13, Nick Paton Walsh, “Ample Alyona shakes up Russian pageant”, in The Guardian:

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid (C₁₀H₁₄N₂), commonly occurring in the tobacco plant.

He's got nicotine stains on his fingers.


atropine

atropine (countable and uncountable, plural atropines)

From Latin Atropa (“genus of deadly nightshade”) + -ine.

af

Atropa belladonna
Atropa belladonna#Translingual

(toxicology, pharmacology) An alkaloid extracted from the plant deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other sources, such as the seeds of the thorn-apple. Though overdoses would be fatal it is used as a drug in medicine for its paralytic effects (e.g. in surgery to relax muscles, in dentistry to dry the mouth, in ophthalmology to dilate the pupils).


deadly nightshade

en-noun

deadly nightshade (plural deadly nightshades)

Deadly nightshade, henbane, hellebore and mandrakes were of evil reputation[.]

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 157:

The plant Atropa belladonna, a perennial shrub of the nightshade family that contains high concentrations of the alkaloid atropine which can be deadly if taken in excess.

ܥܸܢ̈ܒ݂ܲܝ ܚܸܘܝܵܐ (ˁenbay ḥewyā, literally “grapes of the snake”)


green pepper

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-green pepper.wav

A green variety of dried peppercorn, made from the unripe berries by treating them in a manner that retains the green color.


apple of Sodom

apple + of + Sodom; compare the common assumption that the forbidden fruit of the Garden of Eden was an apple. Possibly also imitative of Hebrew תַּפּוּחַ (tapuah, “apple”) + סְדוֹם (Sdom, “Sodom”).

(botany) Any of various plants, often bearing bitter or poisonous fruit.

Any of certain species of plants of the genus Solanum (nightshades).

A bitter apple, bitterball, or bitter tomato (Solanum incanum), a plant native to sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and India.


pigtail

One person […] continued constantly to ply him with the very best pig-tail tobacco, which he had most carefully cut in very small pieces purposely for him.

1828, JT Smith, Nollekens and His Times, Century Hutchinson, published 1986, page 265:


sweet pepper

sweet pepper (countable and uncountable, plural sweet peppers)

(UK) The fruit of a nonspicy cultivar of pepper, Capsicum annuum, marketed in green-, red-, yellow- and orange-skinned varieties.


red pepper

A red-colored, ripe, bell or sweet pepper. Unripe peppers of this variety are green and edible but not as sweet.


tomacco

A tomato plant grafted onto a tobacco plant.


dwale

en-verb

dwale (third-person singular simple present dwales, present participle dwaling, simple past and past participle dwaled)

dwales (present singular third-person)
dwaling (participle present)
dwaled (participle past)
dwaled (past)

From Middle English dwalen, from Old English dwalian, from Proto-Germanic *dwalōną, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwelH- (“to make turbid”).


cayenne pepper

en-noun

cayenne pepper (countable and uncountable, plural cayenne peppers)

From Old Tupi ky'ynha (“hot pepper”), later associated with Cayenne.

A powder condiment or spice formed from the dried chilli pepper varieties above.


capsicum

Borrowed from New Latin capsicum, from Ancient Greek καψικός (kapsikós, “like a box”), from Latin capsa (“box”).

der

Any of several tropical American plants, of the genus Capsicum, principally the species Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens, that are cultivated as edible peppers.

نَبَات فُلْفُل

plant of the genus Capsicum (only terms covering capsicum in general apply, NOT species-specific)


mickey

* (potato): From the common Irish name; compare murphy (“a potato”).
* (computer mouse resolution): An allusion to the cartoon character Mickey Mouse.

(Australia, informal) A well-known honeyeater, the Noisy Miner, Manorina melanocephala, of eastern Australia.


ashwagandha

/ˌʌʃwəˈɡʌndə/

From Sanskrit अश्वगन्ध (aśvagandha, “horse’s smell”).

bor

Withania somnifera
Withania somnifera#Translingual

Withania somnifera, a stout shrub that produces red berry-like fruit, native to India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.


snuff

en-noun

snuff (countable and uncountable, plural snuffs)

Late Middle English, from Middle Dutch snuffen (“to snuff, sniff, snuffle”).
Related to Dutch snuiven (“to sniff”), Middle Low German snûve (“pose, head-cold”), German Schnupfen (“head-cold”). The noun is probably from Dutch snuf (“snuff”), an abbreviation of snuftabak, snuiftabak (“snuff”). Related to sniff (compare Dutch snuffen (“snuff”), German schnupf (“snuff”), French schnouff (“junk”)).

cog

en:tobacco product for sniffing or snorting

Finely ground or pulverized tobacco intended for use by being sniffed or snorted into the nose.

Dry snuffs are often adulterated with quicklime, and moist snuffs, as rappee, with ammonia, hellebore, pearl-ash, etc.

1896, Universal Dictionary of the English Language:

[…] most of the women dipped snuff and of course had a spit-cup in the house.

1937, Zora Neale Hurston, chapter 5, in Their Eyes Were Watching God, University of Illinois Press, published 1978, page 76:

Fine-ground or minced tobacco, dry or moistened, intended for use by placing a pinch behind the lip or beneath the tongue.


freedom fries

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-freedom fries.wav

Originated at Cubbie's, a restaurant in Beaufort, North Carolina (owner Neal Rowland) in February 2003.
"It was never about politics," Rowland said of his initial decision to rename french fries "freedom fries." "It was about supporting our troops. Nothing has changed here. We still support our troops, and we still call them freedom fries."

[Q.]“Freedom fries” is a symbol of anti-French feeling. Does that sort of thing gall you?
[A.]Higonnet: […] Again, one has to distinguish between the public situation, in which a sense of hostility to things French is quite severe, and the private situation inside the university world where, when people talk about freedom fries, it's a big joke.

2003 March 22, Joseph Rosenbloom, quoting Patrice Higonnet, “Europeans in America: Freedom fries and raw nerves”, in International Herald Tribune:

Upset by the failure of the French government to support the war, however, the chairman of the House Administration Committee announced on March 11 that he had ordered “French toast” and “French fries” stricken from the menu of the House cafeteria. In their place would be “freedom toast” and “freedom fries.”

2006, Andrew Rudalevige, The New Imperial Presidency, page 3:

French Toast Egg Bagels Served as French Toast
Freedom Fries
Irish Nachos Freedom Fries, Bacon Bits, Chedder^([sic]) & Jack Cheese

2013 June 24, Dave Lieberman, quoting the menu of Bagel Me! restaurant, “Restaurant in Villa Park Still Sells “Freedom” Fries, But Doesn't Have a Problem with “French” Toast”, in OC Weekly:

Republican House members then ordered that “French fries” on the menus of all congressional restaurants be renamed “Freedom fries.” In response, a French Embassy spokesperson noted that fries had originated in Belgium.

2021 September 17, Karen DeYoung, “France recalls its ambassadors to the United States and Australia over submarine dispute”, in Washington Post:

(rare, US politics, sometimes humorous) French fries.


new potato

A potato harvested before fully developed for its tender, less starchy texture and more delicate flavor.


hell's bells

From hell + -’s + bells, possibly an elaboration of hell (used to express anger, discontent, or unhappiness) with bells chosen to rhyme with hell’s.
The noun sense (Datura stramonium) may allude to the often spiny seed capsules of the poisonous plant which somewhat resemble bells when they mature and split open; compare devil's cucumber, devil's snare, devil's trumpet, and devil's weed which are other common names for the plant.

Datura stramonium
Datura stramonium#Translingual


chilihead

(slang) Someone who enjoys eating chili peppers or chili con carne.


wolfberry

Any of flowering species of the genus Lycium.


stinkweed

en-noun

stinkweed (countable and uncountable, plural stinkweeds)

Ailanthus altissima
Ailanthus altissima#Translingual


belladonna

belladonna (countable and uncountable, plural belladonnas)

/ˌbɛləˈdɑnə/

/ˌbɛləˈdɒnə/

Borrowed from Italian belladonna (altered by folk etymology: bella donna (“beautiful lady”)) from Medieval Latin blādōna (“nightshade”), of Gaulish origin. The folk etymology was motivated by the cosmetic use of nightshade for dilating the eyes.

Witches always anointed themselves with ointments before departing up the chimney to their Sabbaths. One such ointment was composed of Aconite, Belladonna, Water Parsley, Cinquefoil and Babies' Fat.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 112:

A plant, Atropa belladonna, having purple bell-shaped flowers and poisonous black glossy berries.

The elderly women who practiced herbalism and administered belladonna (a pain killer) to pregnant women were apt to be accused of witchcraft. The Medieval church was against the administration of belladonna because they believed women were meant to suffer pain in childbirth as a result of Eve's sin.

1976 December 11, Tommi Avicolli, “The Middle Ages: Lest We Forget...”, in Gay Community News, volume 4, number 24, page 11:

Cathy teetered downstairs on very high heels, her hair swept up in a disintegrating “brioche”, her eyes glistening with belladonna drops.

2005 June 13, Edmund White, “My Women: Learning how to love them.”, in The New Yorker:

An alkaloid extracted from this plant, sometimes used medicinally, containing atropine.


lady of the night

lady of the night (plural ladies of the night)

Any of certain species of genus Brunfelsia.

Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis#Translingual

Any of species Nyctanthes arbor-tristis.


nightshade

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-nightshade.wav

From Middle English nyȝtschade, niȝteschode, nyght shade, from Old English nihtsċada, corresponding to night + shade. Compare German Nachtschatten.

tall nightshade

Solanum giganteum; Solanum chenopodioides

Any of the poisonous plants belonging to the genus Solanum, especially black nightshade or woody nightshade.


cayenne

cayenne (countable and uncountable, plural cayennes)

Coordinate term: jalapeño

What's the difference between a cayenne and a jalapeno?

His barbeque sauce could use a hint of cayenne to heat it up a bit.


jimsonweed

jimsonweed (countable and uncountable, plural jimsonweeds)

(US, by extension, proscribed) Any poisonous plant of the genus Datura.


mandrake

mandrake (countable and uncountable, plural mandrakes)

From Middle English mandrake, mandroke, an alteration of mandragora with the ending -dragora reinterpreted as related to dragon and replaced with native drake, from Old English mandragora, from Medieval Latin mandragorās.

Any plant of the genus Mandragora, certain of which are said to have medicinal or aphrodisiac properties; the root of these plants often resembles the shape of a small person, hence occasioning various mythic, magical, or occult uses.


Cape gooseberry

Cape gooseberry (plural Cape gooseberries)

Physalis peruviana
Physalis peruviana#Translingual

A tropical South American plant of species Physalis peruviana, with a bright yellow, edible fruit.


beefsteak

beefsteak (countable and uncountable, plural beefsteaks)

→ Danish: bøfsteg

Danish: bøf

→ Faroese: búffur

→ Icelandic: buff

→ Esperanto: bifsteko

→ Estonian: biifsteek

desctree

→ French: bifteck, biftèque (post-1990 spelling), beefsteak, beefsteck, beefteak, beefteck, biffteck, biftec, bistec, bisteck (all obsolete)
→ Albanian: biftek
→ Armenian: պիֆթէք (piftʻēkʻ) (Western Armenian)
→ Bulgarian: бифте́к (bifték)
→ Czech: biftek
→ Greek: μπιφτέκι (biftéki)
→ Ladino: biftek
→ Macedonian: бифтек (biftek)
→ Japanese: ビフテキ (bifuteki)
→ Ottoman Turkish: بیفتك (biftek)
Turkish: biftek
→ Romanian: biftec
→ Vietnamese: bít tết

→ German: Beefsteak

→ Armenian: բիֆշտեքս (bifštekʻs)

→ Belarusian: біфштэ́кс (bifštéks)

→ Georgian: ბიფშტექსი (bipšṭeksi)

→ Latvian: bifšteks

→ Lithuanian: bifštekas

→ Russian: бифште́кс (bifštéks) (see there for further descendants)

→ Ukrainian: біфште́кс (bifštéks)

→ Polish: befsztyk

→ Indonesian: bistik

→ Italian: bistecca

→ Japanese: ビーフステーキ (bīfusutēki)

→ Korean: 비프스테이크 (bipeuseuteikeu)

→ Malay: bifstik

→ Occitan: bistèc

→ Brazilian Portuguese: bisteca

→ Spanish: bistec

→ Swedish: biffstek

→ Tagalog: bistek

I purchased a half dozen of the healthiest-looking beefsteaks I could find, and tenderly planted the young shoots, using plenty of fertilizer and mulch. I faithfully watered them every day and the little plants quickly shot up to an impressive height.

2001, Patricia Mondore, A Perennial Faith: Finding Courage to Grow in the Garden of Life:

beefsteak tomato
beefsteak tomato#English

(countable) Ellipsis of beefsteak tomato.


carotte

a carotte of perique

He himself was obviously a non-smoker, and probably a total abstainer as well. I do not like to end this factual account of my smoking life with hard thoughts about a non-smoking official who deprived me of a carotte of tobacco.

1957, Sir Compton Mackenzie, Sublime Tobacco:


bindweed

en-noun

bindweed (countable and uncountable, plural bindweeds)

Any of several plants of species in other families with similar appearance:

The bittersweet nightshade, blue bindweed (Solanum dulcamara).


kretek

Borrowed from Indonesian kretek, of onomatopoetic origin.

A cigarette containing clove as well as tobacco, originating from Indonesia.


bluenose

(US, Australia) A trout cod (Maccullochella macquariensis)


pimiento

From Spanish pimiento (“bell pepper; later any pepper”), from Latin pigmentum (“coloring; colorful thing”), from pingō (“to paint”) and -mentum (suffix denoting instruments and results of actions). Doublet of pigment, piment, and pimento.

der

Synonym of pimento, a cultivar of Capsicum annuum.


pimento

Borrowed from Portuguese pimento (“bell pepper; later any pepper”), similar to Spanish pimiento, from Latin pigmentum (“coloring; colorful thing”), from pingo (“paint”) and -mentum (suffix denoting instruments and results of actions). Doublet of pigment, piment, and pimiento.

doublet

A red sweet pepper, a cultivar of Capsicum annuum, used to make relish, stuffed into olives, or used as spice.


tea tree

Lycium barbarum
Lycium barbarum#Translingual

The duke of Argyll's tea tree (Lycium barbarum), also known as wolfberry or matrimony vine.


mashed potatoes

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mashed potatoes.wav

Mashed potatoes is (or are) my favorite starch dish.

(uncountable or in the plural) A dish consisting of potatoes that have been boiled, mashed to a pulpy consistency, and mixed with such ingredients as butter or milk.


jojo

Reportedly coined on the spot by an employee of the Flavor-Crisp pressure fryer company at a Chicago trade show in the early 1960s. The potatoes were used to "clean the grease" between demonstrations of cooking chicken and fish, but customers unexpectedly started eating and enjoying them, leading someone to inquire what they were called.

If you're really hungry, be sure to try the wood-fired jojos (potato wedges).

2002, Karl Samson, Jane Aukshunas, Frommer's Washington State, page 288:

The cheesy jojos threaten to colonize every inch of my appetite but I hold back by only eating them once I am nearly full.

2011, Marissa Guggiana, Off the Menu: Staff Meals from America's Top Restaurants, page 223:

And perhaps George's best (un)kept secret is its fried chicken and jojos, which give Reel M Inn a run for its money.

2023, Andrea Damewood, "George's Corner Tavern", Willamette Week (Willamette, OR), 20 September 2023, page 11

(Northwestern US, British Columbia, chiefly in the plural) A seasoned, battered and fried potato wedge.


mashed potato

en-noun

mashed potato (countable and uncountable, plural mashed potatoes)

“I would like a little lamb and some mashed potatoes,” said the diner to the waiter. The waiter called back to the kitchen: “One lamb and one mashed potato.”

1924 May 3, “Lucid Intervals”, in George D[ePui] Mitchell, editor, The Pathfinder, 21st year, number 1583, Washington, D.C.: The Pathfinder Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 2, column 2:

‘You get used to the non-stop chattering and teasing,’ said Sorcha, with four-year-old Finn beside her, eagerly eating mashed potato and his own mini portion of turkey.

2014, Cathy Kelly, chapter 5, in It Started With Paris, London: Orion Books, →ISBN, page 73:

I believe I want a steak, well done, steamed broccoli and a mashed potato. For my appetizer I want clam chowder.

2019 December 27, Michael Fountain, “The Cruise”, in Brass September, Bloomington, Ind.: AuthorHouse, →ISBN, book 2:

(usually uncountable) Alternative form of mashed potatoes (“a dish consisting of potatoes that have been boiled, mashed to a pulpy consistency, and mixed with such ingredients as butter or milk”).


bird pepper

Capsicum baccatum
Capsicum baccatum#Translingual

A tropical American plant, Capsicum baccatum.


moonflower

Any of several plants that flower at night:

Any of species of Datura, including Datura inoxia.

Datura inoxia
Datura inoxia#Translingual


fingerling

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fingerling.wav

From Middle English fyngyrlynge, equivalent to finger + -ling, from having the size of a human finger.

Oh, but those little crab-lingered fingerlings really wanted to get in! Now some were trying to claw up through an old knothole whose bole had aged and didn’t sit true in the plank. […] But here came the dwarf opening her door, and the spiderlets melted away.

2011, Gregory Maguire, “The Patchwork Conscience of Oz”, in Out of Oz (The Wicked Years), New York, N.Y.: William Morrow, →ISBN, page 160:

(by extension) Any finger-sized version of something typically larger.


brinjal

/ˈbɹɪnd͡ʒəl/

/ˈbɹɪnd͡ʒɒl/

Etymology tree
Proto-Dravidian *waẓVtVder.
Sanskrit वातिङ्गण (vātiṅgaṇa)bor.
Classical Persian بَاذِنْگَان (bāzingān)bor.
Arabic بَاذِنْجَان (bāḏinjān)bor.
Old Galician-Portuguese berengenha
Portuguese beringelabor.
English brinjal
Borrowed from Portuguese beringela, from Old Galician-Portuguese berengenha, borrowed from Arabic بَاذِنْجَان (bāḏinjān), borrowed from Classical Persian بَاذِنْگَان (bāzingān), borrowed from Sanskrit वातिङ्गण (vātiṅgaṇa), from Proto-Dravidian *waẓVtV. Doublet of aubergine.

etymon

Hindustan produces abundance of wheat, and throughout India the natives are plentifully supplied with vegetables and fruit; the brinjal, tomato, yam, carrot, radish, onion, garlic, spinach cabbage, nowkohl, cucumbers, and other gourds, may be mentioned among the former

1858, George Trevor, India, an historical sketch, page 14:

(South Asia, Malaysia, South Africa, Singapore) An aubergine or eggplant.


broadleaf

en-noun

broadleaf (countable and uncountable, plural broadleafs or broadleaves)

broadleafs (plural)
broadleaves (plural)

Terminalia catappa
Terminalia catappa#Translingual

A tree (Terminalia latifolia, now Terminalia catappa) of Jamaica.

A type of tobacco having broad leaves, used for making cigars.


peperoncini

Stir in sugar, parsley and peperoncini.

2007 February 21, “Recipe: Zappa Family Spaghetti Sauce”, in New York Times:

A spicy variety of pepper used in Greek and Italian cuisine.


tomatillo

tomatillo (plural tomatillos or tomatilloes)

tomatillos (plural)
tomatilloes (plural)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-tomatillo.wav

Borrowed from Spanish tomatillo, diminutive of tomate (“tomato”), ultimately from Classical Nahuatl tomatl.

A plant of the nightshade family originating in Mexico, Physalis philadelphica, cultivated for its tomato-like green to green-purple fruit surrounded by a thin papery skin.


isot

From Turkish isot, from ısı (“heat”) + ot (“grass”).

The best time to dry isot in Urfa is between September and November when the sun is less hot.

2015 October 6, Engin Akin, Essential Turkish Cuisine, Abrams, →ISBN, page 28:

For this purpose, inhibitory effects on the Helicobacter pylori urease of ethanolic extracts of spices such as thyme, clove, isot pepper, turmeric, mint, black sesame and cinnamon purchased from herbalist were investigated as a screening study.

2017 May 12, Mehmet Kemal, Sevgi Kolayli, Şengül Alpay Karaoğlu, Nimet Baltaş, “The Role of Spices in the Treatment of Heliobacter Pylori”, in Abstract Book of I. International Congress of Medical and Aromatic Plants: "Natural and Healthy Life", →ISBN, page 1100:

Şanlıurfa was a hub for the barter of sheep and goats into and out of the Middle East; its famed isot pepper was an import from present-day Syria.

2017 October 10, Robyn Eckhardt, Istanbul and Beyond: Exploring the Diverse Cuisines of Turkey, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 210:


chiltepin

From Nahuatl; the first element is chilli (“pepper”), the second is tecpin (“flea”).

A wild chile pepper variety, Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum, found in Mexico and the southwestern US.


Donovan

From Irish Ó Donndubháin (“descendant of (a person named) brown & black”), from donn (“brown”) and dubh (“black”).

bor

A village in Beaver Township, Iroquois County, Illinois, United States.


henbane

en-noun

henbane (countable and uncountable, plural henbanes)

From Middle English henbane, hennebane ( > French hanebane), equivalent to hen + bane. Cognate with Danish hønsebane, Swedish hönsbane. Compare also Old English hennebelle (“henbane”, literally “hen-bell”).

cog

Any other plant of the genus Hyoscyamus.


solanine

en-noun

solanine (countable and uncountable, plural solanines)

1989, R. P. Sharma, D. K. Salunkhe, Chapter 8: Solanum Glycoalkaloids, Peter R. Cheeke (editor), Toxicants of Plant Origin: Alkaloids, Volume 1: Alkaloids, page 214,
Apparently the high activity of α-solanine injected into the bloodstream may be due to cholinesterase inhibition, while the lesser effects of orally administered α-solanine could reflect its poor adsorption from the gastrointestinal tract.

The most potent inhibitors are found in potatoes, and of these the most active component is the glycoalkaloid solanine.
The toxicity of solanine has been the subject of extensive study.

1996, M. M. T. Janssen, H. M. C. Put, M. J. R. Nut, “Chapter Two: Natural Toxins”, in John De Vries, editor, Food Safety and Toxicity, page 14:

Evidently, during the ripening process, the solanines are metabolised to neutral saponins without the occurrence of glycoside hydrolysis.

2005, Dietrich Frohne, Hans Jürgen Pfänder, Poisonous Plants: A Handbook for Doctors, Pharmacists, Toxicologists, Biologists and Veterinarians, page 380:

(organic chemistry) A poisonous glycoalkaloid found in many species of the nightshade family Solanaceae, including potato and tomato.

solanino

poisonous glycoalkaloid found in many species of nightshade


mandragora

mandragora (countable and uncountable, plural mandragoras)

/ˌmænˈdɹæɡ.ə.ɹə/

From Medieval Latin mandragora, from Latin mandragorās.

—though she did not know whether her supposed rival was dead or alive, whether the complaints she at once pitied and resented were those which "poppy and mandragora" might medicine, or "those written troubles of the brain" which were incapable of cure, she contrived to make up for herself a draught of most terrible infliction.

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XXVIII, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 56:

The worst fodder for a President is not poppy and mandragora, but strychnine and adrenalin.

1933 January 30, H.L. Mencken, “The Coolidge Mystery”, in H.L. Mencken On Politics, published 1996, →ISBN, page 136:

Mandrake (genus Mandragora); often specifically mandrake root, traditionally used as a narcotic.


serrano

From Spanish serrano (“mountainous”), because it originated in the sierras (“mountains”) of the Mexican states of Puebla and Hidalgo.

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

Ellipsis of serrano pepper, a chili pepper, a cultivar of Capsicum annuum which originated in the mountainous regions of the Mexican states of Puebla and Hidalgo and is used in cooking.


kangaroo apple

The fruit of Solanum aviculare or Solanum vescum; the plants bearing such fruit.


woody nightshade

woody nightshade (plural woody nightshades)


solanum

(botany) Any plant in the genus Solanum.


chewing tobacco

chewing tobacco (countable and uncountable, plural chewing tobaccos)

→ Kashubian: czułingtobaczi (Canada)

Coordinate term: snuff

(US) Tobacco, cut or ground finely, placed between cheek and gum to allow nicotine absorption through the mucous membranes.


murali

Likely borrowed from Tamil முளரி (muḷari, “bramble”).


solanaceous

en-adj

solanaceous (comparative more solanaceous, superlative most solanaceous)

more solanaceous (comparative)
most solanaceous (superlative)

From modern Latin Solanaceae, from Latin solanum (“nightshade”).

(botany) Pertaining to the family Solanaceae, which includes the nightshades.


thorn apple

Cognate with Dutch doornappel and French pomme épineuse.

манг

any of several species of plants belonging to the genus Datura

Any of several species of plants bearing thorns and apple-like fruit:

Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium), an annual plant having white flowers and prickly capsules.

Solanum incanum, native to Africa and Asia


toloache

Borrowed from Spanish toloache, from Classical Nahuatl toloatzin, from toloa (“to bow the head”) + tzin (reverential). Doublet of toloatzin.

Angel's trumpet, an annual plant of species Datura inoxia.


Roma

From Latin and Italian Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Rome and Rum.

A female given name from Latin of English-speakers.


capsaicinoid

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of irritant compounds, related to capsaicin, that are responsible for the heat of chilli peppers.


Scoville scale

Named for American chemist Wilbur Scoville, who devised it in 1912.

A measure for the piquancy (“heat, burn, spiciness”) of various chili peppers, indicating the level of capsaicin.


goji berry

/ˈɡəʊdʒi ˌbɛɹi/


tatie

Shortened form of potato + -ie; compare tater.


rocoto

Borrowed from Spanish rocoto, from Quechua ruqutu.

Capsicum pubescens
Capsicum pubescens#Translingual

(cooking) A kind of chili pepper of the species Capsicum pubescens grown in Peru and Bolivia.


kutjera

An Australian plant, Solanum centrale, with pungent edible fruits that resemble raisins when dried.


chili powder

en-noun

chili powder (countable and uncountable, plural chili powders)

Pulverized dry chilis used for culinary purposes.


bladder cherry

bladder cherry (plural bladder cherries)

Alkekengi officinarum
Alkekengi officinarum#Translingual

Physalis alkekengi
Physalis alkekengi#Translingual

A plant, Alkekengi officinarum (syn. Physalis alkekengi), having a bright paper-like covering over its fruit, native to southern Europe.


Chinese lantern

Chinese lantern (plural Chinese lanterns)

A bladder cherry (Alkekengi officinarum, syn. Physalis alkekengi).


Japanese lantern

Japanese lantern (plural Japanese lanterns)

bladder cherry (Alkekengi officinarum, syn. Physalis alkekengi).


winter cherry

Solanum pseudocapsicum (Jerusalem cherry)


poblano

/pəˈblɑːnəʊ/

/pəʊˈblɑːnəʊ/

In our times of popular gourmetism, the Anaheim chili is easy to find year round in the supermarket, but the poblano remains seasonal in spring and fall.

1993, Huntley Dent, Feast of Santa Fe: Cooking of the American Southwest, page 62:

A mild green chile pepper native to Mexico; when dried, the chilis are called anchos or chiles anchos (“wide chilis”).


potato cake

(Scotland, England) A savory flat cake made from flour and mashed potatoes, often fried or baked.


chili oil

chili oil (countable and uncountable, plural chili oils)

A spicy condiment in which crushed dried red chili peppers (and sometimes other ingredients) have been macerated in oil


pasilla

From the Spanish pasilla, diminutive of pasa (“raisin”).

Is it worth $9.99 to have someone buy and cook short ribs, shred them, season them with chipotle, arbol and pasilla chilies, mix them with slices of nopales (cactus paddles), fill two soft tortillas with the mixture and slather them with a rich sauce so you can have beef short rib enchiladas with salsa mestiza and cactus for dinner?

2007 April 18, Florence Fabricant, “A Serving of Kalderetang, and a Guy to Explain It”, in New York Times:

A variety of chili (a dried chilaca), used especially in sauces.


roma

Swap the vegetables for roma tomatoes (seeded), steamed new potatoes, carrots, and chickpeas (rinsed and drained); add a pinch of curry to the vinaigrette.

2008 January–February, Mark Bittman, “The only 7 meals you need for 2008”, in Men's Health, volume 23, number 1, →ISSN, page 138:

Alternative letter-case form of Roma (“a variety of tomato”).


malagueta

/ˌmɑləˈɡweɪdə/

/ˌmɑləˈɡeɪdə/

From Portuguese malagueta, probably via Middle French malaguette, from Italian meleghetta, from Italian melega (“sorghum”) and -etta (diminutive suffix).
There are various paths by which the name could have become applied to the African pepper. Medieval Latin melegeta was an Indonesian spice called after millet on the basis of the supposed resemblance of their grains. By the mid-15th century, the West African Grain Coast was known in Portuguese as costa da malagueta, whence the place name was borrowed into other languages and applied to its local products. Early English use reports that it was the local name of the spice, long preserved around Cape Palmas, which may indicate a Mande or Kwa origin, although such use is usually attributed to loanwords from Portuguese.
The unrelated Brazilian pepper acquired the name from its similar piquancy.

In Ginney the fruit that is most rife and common... is named Maniguetta.

1568, André Thevet, translated by Thomas Hacket, The New Found Worlde, or Antarctike, Wherein Is Contained Woderful and Strange Things, 26v:

The people of the Gold Coast, when suffering from headache, rub over the forehead a paste of Malaguetta pepper.

1863, Richard F. Burton, Wanderings in West Africa, Dover Publications 1991 edition, volume II, page 37:

Grains of Paradise, Guinea Grains, Melegueta or Mallaguetta Pepper, from Ampelopsis Grana Paradisi, or Habzeli of Ethiopia... Two kinds of these grains are known in the English markets, one plumper than the other... They resemble Pepper in their effects, but are seldom used except in veterinary practice and to give strength to spirits, wine, beer, and vinegar.

1931, Maud Grieve, A Modern Herbal, volume II, page 628:

grains of paradise
grains of paradise#English

Aframomum melegueta
Aframomum melegueta#Translingual

Synonym of grains of paradise, the seeds or seed capsules of the West African Aframomum melegueta; the plant itself.


malpitte

(South Africa) A weed in the nightshade family (Datura stramonium), which can be used as a hallucinogenic drug.


goji

Marketing coinage, likely an altered pronunciation of Mandarin 枸杞 (gǒuqǐ). The earliest known usage in print was in a 1996 publication. The first usage in the LexisNexis database is a 2002 newspaper article. Wider usage began in 2003 and 2004.

A fruit in the genus Lycium, especially in commercial products where it is promoted as a superfruit.


mash potato

mash potato (countable and uncountable, plural mash potatoes)

Lexicalization of a reduced pronunciation of mashed potato with regular deletion of d before p, from mashed + potato. Compare ice cream (from iced cream).

I ate a mash potato today.

1995, Conan O’Brien et al., “Foreword —Carl “Oldy” Olson”, in If They Mated?, New York, N.Y.: Hyperion, →ISBN:

Roasted Vegetables topped with a mash potato with a cheese herb crust

2008 November 9, The Wealden Hall, “Evening Brasserie Set Menu”, in Kent on Sunday, number 320, Ashford, Kent: KOS Media Ltd., page 32:

I cooked fisherman’s pie, with white fish and prawns, in a cheese sauce, with a mash potato on top.

2010, John Stewart, Twin Gap Valley, Kennoway, Fife: Spiderwize, →ISBN, page 26:

Pan Fried Lambs Liver and Bacon served on a mash potato with chives, with onion gravy

2010 April 27, The Windwhistle Inn, “Windwhistle Menu”, in Pulman’s View from Seaton & Beer, number 248, Axminster, Devon: Tindle, page 50:

Tha’ll help me make a bit of dinner for tonight with a few mash potatoes.

2011, Kathleen Doyle, “Fish and Chips”, in What Ma Always Said: […], Dublin: Poolbeg Books Ltd, →ISBN, page 145:

Interestingly enough, while Gilly usually tries do the mash potato, this time he went with a waltz.

2009, Jarrod Kimber, The Year of the Balls 2008: A Disrespective, page 39:


climbing nightshade

climbing nightshade (plural climbing nightshades)


rösti

rösti (countable and uncountable, plural röstis)

Borrowed from Alemannic German, from the same root as English roast.

The border between German- and French-speaking Switzerland is known as the “Röstigraben” because only the first traditionally serves rösti at breakfast.

A traditional breakfast dish in Germanophone Switzerland (originally from Bern canton) made from potatoes, fried in a pan with butter or fat and widely varying other ingredients such as bacon, onions, cheese, apples or fresh herbs.

رُوسْتِي

traditional dish in Germanophone Switzerland made from fried potatoes


goldenberry

A plant of species Physalis peruviana and its fruit.


physalis

From New Latin Physalis, coined by Linnaeus from Ancient Greek φυσαλλίς (phusallís, “bladder, wind instrument”), from φυσιόω (phusióō, “to puff up, blow up”), φυσώ (phusṓ).

der

‘I going cook with them physalis for weeks.’

2021, Leone Ross, This One Sky Day, Faber & Faber Limited, page 350:

Roland sat on the edge of the bed and ate all the courtesy chocolates, kiwis, physalises and salted nuts and drank a litre of carbonated water.

Fruit of such a plant, a yellow-orange berry, typically firm in texture with a mild, refreshing acidity.


sunberry

A historic heirloom shrub, Solanum retroflexum.

The dark blue-purple fruit of Solanum retroflexum, often combined with sugar in desserts.

European black nightshade
European black nightshade

Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum#Translingual

The European black nightshade, Solanum nigrum.

The dark poisonous berry of Solanum nigrum.


wonderberry

The sunberry (in all senses: Solanum retroflexum, Solanum nigrum, and their respective berries).


mirasol

Borrowed from Spanish mirasol (“sunflower”)

bor+

A variety of chili; when dried, the chilis are called guajillos.


nonivamide

(organic chemistry) A capsaicinoid, an amide of pelargonic acid and vanillylamine, present in chili peppers and used as a food additive and a lachrymatory agent.


homodihydrocapsaicin

A capsaicinoid and analogue and congener of capsaicin in chilli peppers.


snakeberry

Solanum dulcamara
Solanum dulcamara#Translingual

A bitter nightshade (Solanum dulcamara), or its fruit.


plum tomato

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-plum tomato.wav


cherry tomato

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cherry tomato.wav

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum#Translingual

A type of small tomato, the cultivar Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme.


beef tomato

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-beef tomato.wav


groundcherry

long-leaved groundcherry (Physalis longifolia

Any of various plants in the genus Physalis and their fruits


togarashi

Borrowed from Japanese 唐辛子 (tōgarashi), Japanese for the genus Capsicum, or specifically the species Capsicum annuum, and commonly translated as “chili pepper”.

chili peppers or chili pepper-related products from Japan, specifically the spice mixture consisting of mandarin orange peel, sesame seed, poppy seed, hemp seed, nori or aonori, and ground sansho


datura

Garcias ab Horto [...] makes mention of an herb called datura, “which, if it be eaten for twenty-four hours following, takes away all sense of grief, makes them incline to laughter and mirth” [...].

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 5, member 1, subsection 5:

"Apple of Death" is what the Jungle call thorn-apple or dhatura, the readiest poison in all India.

1895, Rudyard Kipling, “The King’s Ankus”, in The Second Jungle Book, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC, page 188:

"Suffice it that it was of the datura family which supplies deadly poisons as well as powerful medicines."

1925 July – 1926 May, A[rthur] Conan Doyle, “(please specify the chapter number)”, in The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:

Datura did grow in Haiti, three species, all of them introduced from the Old World.

1985, Wade Davis, The Serpent and the Rainbow, Simon & Schuster, page 37:

It was a decoction of datura that wrung the truth from the old woman, by sending her into a trance from which she never recovered.

2008, Amitav Ghosh, Sea of Poppies, Penguin, published 2015, page 38:

A plant of the genus Datura, known for its trumpet-shaped flowers and poisonous properties.


tobacky

'Now,' sais I, ' that invention, beautiful and simple as it is, cost me great thought and much tobacky,' said I, lookin' innocent again...

1856, Thomas Chandler Haliburton, Wise-saws: or, Sam Slick in search of a wife:

He spits tobacky at my feet and walks away with his girl so happy together.

2019 December, Justin Blackburn, The Bisexual Christian Suburban Failure Enlightening Bipolar Blues, page 54:


stramonium

en-noun

stramonium (countable and uncountable, plural stramoniums or stramonia)

From New Latin [Term?], origin Unknown, possibly from Tatar turman (“medicine for horses”).

A narcotic drug obtained from the dried leaves of this plant.


love apple

Calque of Italian pomo d'oro (“tomato”, literally “golden apple”), confusing d’oro (“golden”) with d’amore (“love”), or from French pomme d’amour, equivalent to love + apple.


angel's trumpet

en-noun

angel's trumpet (plural angel's trumpets)

Maurandya barclayana, an ornamental flowering plant.


salpiglossis

Any of several plants, of the genus Salpiglossis, that have variegated, funnel-shaped blossoms in a variety of colors


dihydrocapsaicin

A capsaicinoid and analog and congener of capsaicin in chili peppers.


canaster

From Dutch kanaster, from Spanish canastro (“basket”). Doublet of canister and knaster.

The frontispiece to the first of these books, engraved on steel with much delicacy by Davenport, is so carefully drawn, and displays such refinement of humour, that it might be ascribed to Wilkie or Smirke; and in Knickerbocker, George could hardly then have become a misocapnist when he limned with such intense gusto the "Pipe-Plot," with its group of smoke-compelling burghers, or the "Death of Walter the Doubter," where his lymphatic Excellency, lungs and pipe exhausted together, exhales his peaceful soul in the last whiff of canaster!

1972, William Bates, George Cruikshank: the artist, the humorist, and the man, with some account of his brother Robert, →ISBN:


schizanthus

Any of several flowering plants of the genus Schizanthus.


banana pepper

A kind of yellow chili pepper, Capsicum annuum.


melongene

From French mélongène, from Medieval Latin melongena, Italian melanzana, from Greek μελιτζάνα (melitzána), from Arabic اَلْبَاذِنْجَان (al-bāḏinjān, “eggplant”), from Persian بادنگان (bâdengân), from باتنگان (bâtengân), from Sanskrit वातिगगम (vātiga-gama, “eggplant”). Doublet of malidzano.

der

اَلْبَاذِنْجَان


tamarillo

A Spanish-language-sounding neologism chosen by the New Zealand Tree Tomato Promotions Council in New Zealand in 1967. Appears to be a blend of tamarind and Spanish tomatillo.

A small tree or shrub (Solanum betaceum syn. Cyphomandra betacea) which bears edible fruits.


calibrachoa

From translingual Calibrachoa (“genus name”).

Annual geraniums and tobacco relatives like petunias, calibrachoas and nicotianas suffer most, but other flowers including osteospermums, mallows and chrysanthemums may also be attacked.

2007 August 23, Leslie Land, “Garden Q.&A.”, in New York Times:

The most frequently detected virus of calibrachoas has been characterized recently, named calibrachoa mottle virus (CbMV) and has been tentatively assigned to the genus Carmovirus.

2009, J. Engelmann, J. Hamacher, “Plant Virus Diseases: Ornamental Plants”, in Brian W.J. Mahy, Marc H.V. van Regenmortel, editors, Desk Encyclopedia of Plant and Fungal Virology, page 441:

Closely related to petunias, calibrachoas are 3- to 9-inch-tall plants with trailing stems and a mounding habit.

2009, Fern Marshall Bradley, Barbara W. Ellis, Ellen Phillips, Rodale's Ultimate Encyclopedia of Organic Gardening, page 126:

Also, the 'Superbells' tend to be more vigorous than 'Million Bells' and other calibrachoa varieties.
All calibrachoas have several shortcomings in differing degrees, depending on variety—they are generally short lived, providing a bold burst of color at the start of the season, but dwindling as the soil pH changes from acid to alkaline from fertilizing.

2013, Derek Fell, Derek Fell's Grow This!, page 177:

Any of the solanaceous plants of genus Calibrachoa.


Indian apple

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Indian apple.wav

Datura inoxia (angel's trumpet), a hallucinogenic plant.


corkwood

Any of numerous plants with bark or wood resembling cork, of diverse orders:

Annona glabra, a plant found in the West Indies.

Leitneria floridana, a species found in southeastern North America.


datil

From American Spanish dátil (“date”), from Catalan dàtil. Doublet of dactyl and date.

The queen palm, Syagrus romanzoffiana, or its leaf fibers used for weaving.


rollup

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-rollup.wav

I smoke rollups because they are cheaper than buying cigarettes.

A self-made cigarette of tobacco and rolling paper.


duboisine

From translingual Duboisia myoporoides (from whose leaves it can be obtained) + -ine.


death's herb

The Deadly Nightshade, popularly called the “Death's Herb,” is one of the most poisonous of our wild flowers, and from its stupefying qualities it has been termed “Dwale.”

1881 July 2, “Flower Lore: July”, in Gardeners Chronicle & New Horticulturist, page 6:


banewort

Atropa belladonna
Atropa belladonna#Translingual

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909


felonwort

From felon + wort, from its supposed efficacy in treating felons ("inflammations around the nail").

Bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara).


jimson

en-noun

jimson (countable and uncountable, plural jimsons)


fumacious

en-adj

fumacious (comparative more fumacious, superlative most fumacious)

more fumacious (comparative)
most fumacious (superlative)

Rustic females who habitually chew even pitch or spruce-gum are rendered thereby so repulsive that the fancy refuses to pursue the horror farther and imagine it tobacco; and all the charms of the veil and the fan can scarcely reconcile the most fumacious American to the cigarrito of the Spanish fair.


dulcamarin

(organic chemistry) A glucoside extracted from the bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara).


chiltoma

From Spanish chiltoma, from Nahuatl [Term?].


pipeweed

putki

any of a number of plants having thin and straight stems resembling pipes

The ſtories told by one and another of theſe adventurers, had made a deep impreſſion on the mind of VValter Pipevveed, one of John [Bull]'s domeſtics, a fellovv of a roving and projecting diſpoſition, and vvho had learned the art of ſurveying.

[1792, [Jeremy Belknap], “Letter I. Original State of the Forest.—The Adventures of Walter Pipeweed, and Cecilius Peterson.”, in The Foresters, an American Tale: […], Boston, Mass.: […] I. Thomas and E. T. Andrews, […], →OCLC, pages 5–6:

He produced a small leather bag full of tobacco. 'We have heaps of it, […] It was Pippin who found two small barrels, washed up out of some cellar or store-house, I suppose. When we opened them, we found they were filled with this: as fine a pipe-weed as you could wish for, and quite unspoilt.'

1954 November 11, J[ohn] R[onald] R[euel] Tolkien, “Flotsam and Jetsam”, in The Two Towers: Being the Second Part of The Lord of the Rings, 2nd edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Company, published 1965, →ISBN, book III, page 167:

I took the pipe and sniffed. Pipeweed had the aroma of the finest Moroccan Mauve. I inhaled. It was strong stuff.

1969, Michael Kurland, chapter 5, in The Unicorn Girl (The Greenwich Village Trilogy; 2), Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, published 2019, →ISBN, page 62:

Over the dimming fire, the old man tossed him a small box, carved with similar markings. Inside, Amarden found two pouches, one containing ordinary pipeweed. The other pouch was gray, ahd a silver string to draw it shut, and contained a fine silvery substance. […] "What is this?" / "Pipeweed, of course!" he said from between teeth clenching his pipe. / "It looks like silver dust."

2010, Arnan Heyden, “The Powers that Be”, in Daughters of Agendale: The Legend of Eloeen, Maitland, Fla.: Xulon Press, →ISBN, page 38:

(smoking) Tobacco prepared for smoking in a pipe; also, the leaves of herbs or other plants prepared for such use.

pijpkruid

tobacco prepared for smoking in a pipe; leaves of herbs or other plants prepared for such use

Native American
Native American#Adjective

Any of a number of plants having thin and straight stems resembling pipes, often hollow or lacking branches.

(specifically, US) The desert trumpet (Eriogonum inflatum) which has a straight stem with a swollen portion; formerly some Native American tribes in the Las Vegas Valley area turned such stems into pipes for smoking by removing the stem at the base and cutting the swollen portion in half to serve as a bowl.

Fistulária […] Pipe-vveed; ſo called becauſe its ſtalk is hollovv.

1797, W[illiam] Turton, “Fistulária”, in A Medical Glossary: […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 332:

The redrattle (Pedicularis flammea), a parasitic plant having hollow stems.


alkekengi

Through French alkékenge, Spanish alquequenje, from Arabic كَاكَنْج (kākanj).


cavendish

Possibly from the name of the original manufacturer.

"But the managers seem inclined to cut their cavendish very fine just at present," she said.

1919, Richard Harding Davis, The Exiles and Other Stories:

No man less; only he (not Vieuxbois, but his younger brother) has found a wide-awake cooler than an iron kettle, and travels by rail when he is at home; and when he was in the Crimea, rode a shaggy pony, and smoked cavendish all through the battle of Inkermann." "

1901, Charles Kingsley, Two Years Ago, Volume I:

Then burn equal parts of cavendish tobacco and old shoeleather in an iron vessel till charred.

1896, anonymous author, The Ladies Book of Useful Information:

It was always an augury of foul weather in Livingstone's temper when, instead of the decent evening cigar, he smoked the short black brule-gueule, loaded to the muzzle with cavendish.

1868, George A. Lawrence, Guy Livingstone;:

Come, I'll trate ye to a taste o' me cavendish, which is better than growlin' in yer hammock at the muskaities, poor things, as don't know no better."

Leaf tobacco softened, sweetened, and pressed into plugs or cakes.


potatoe

Mr. Hyett submitted to the meeting the following account of a series of experiments which he had tried upon the cultivation of the potatoe during the season just ended[…]

1842, William Henry Hyett, “Experiments on the growth of the Potatoe”, in Journal of the Farmers' Club:

The Potatoe now in use, (Solanum tuberosum,) was brought to England by the Colonists sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh[…]

1846, Charles Palfray Bosson, chapter I, in Observations on the Potatoe, and a Remedy for the Potatoe Plague, page 3:

The potatoe plant in a state of health contains several ingredients, the most important of which are starch, albumen, and solanine.

1846, Alfred Smee, chapter III, in The potatoe plant, its uses and properties: together with the cause of the present malady, page 33:

On Tuesday, the 7th of August, about six, P.M., I was summoned to attend Miss M. E. H., aged 14, the messenger stating she had eaten the berries of the potatoe plant, portions of which she showed me.

1859 September 3, Thomas Morris, “Case of poisoning by potatoe-berries”, in British Medical Journal, →DOI, page 719:


stramony

en-noun

stramony (countable and uncountable, plural stramonies)


chili sauce

chili sauce (countable and uncountable, plural chili sauces)


pepper sauce

pepper sauce (countable and uncountable, plural pepper sauces)


mad-apple

Because it was once thought to cause various diseases.


tread-softly

Carolina horsenettle
Carolina horsenettle

Solanum carolinense, the Carolina horsenettle.


horsenettle

Any of certain plants in the genus Solanum.


hyoscyamus

hyoscyamus (countable and uncountable, plural hyoscyamuses or hyoscyami)

hyoscyamuses (plural)
hyoscyami (plural)

Hyoscyamus niger
Hyoscyamus niger#Translingual

(medicine) The leaves of black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger), used in neuralgic and pectoral troubles.


strip-leaf

(archaic) Tobacco stripped of its stalks before packing.


filter tip

A section at the mouth end of a cigarette containing porous absorbent materials designed to remove tar.


capulin

From Spanish capulín, from Classical Nahuatl capolin.

Muntingia calabura
Muntingia calabura#Translingual

A calabur tree (Muntingia calabura, sole species of Muntingia).


browallia

Any of the flowering plants of the genus Browallia


guajillo

A huajillo, a shrub of species Senegalia berlandieri (syn. Acacia berlandieri).


cubanelle

A particular sweet pepper, a cultivar of the species Capsicum annuum.


shishito

A sweet Japanese pepper, a cultivar of the species Capsicum annuum.


naranjilla

Solanum quitoense
Solanum quitoense#Translingual

Solanum quitoense, a subtropical perennial plant from northwestern South America.


Latakia

/ˌlætəˈkiːə/

A Syrian city on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

A strong dark tobacco originally produced in Syria.


pomato

Combinations such as "pomatoes" do not have commercial value now, but investigators hope that closer crosses may.

1983, Water-related Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture in U.S. Arid/semiarid Lands:

A plant produced by grafting a tomato plant and a potato plant, producing cherry tomatoes on the vine and potatoes under the ground.


yesterday-today-tomorrow

From the three shades of blue and violet on each plant, which can vary over the course of a few days.

Within a few months[,] little creepers were climbing the rose bushes, covering the yesterday-today-tomorrows, hanging down in stringy swathes from the cypress trees.

(Australia, informal) An evergreen shrub, Brunfelsia australis.


black nightshade

black nightshade (plural black nightshades)

ኣውጥ

this is also a term for nightshades and winter cherries in general

Other similar members of a group of closely-related species from the Solanum nigrum complex:

Solanum americanum (American black nightshade) of much of North America


Jerusalem cherry

Jerusalem cherry (plural Jerusalem cherries)

Solanum pseudocapsicum, a nightshade species with poisonous fruit.


wolf's peach

(obsolete) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).


seed potato

A potato, usually with tiny shoots (chits), which is planted in the ground in order to grow a potato plant.

siemenperuna

a potato which is planted in the ground in order to grow a potato plant


baingan

baingan (usually uncountable, plural baingans)

(India, uncommon) An eggplant; a brinjal.


apple of Peru

The flowering plant Nicandra physalodes of the nightshade family.


ghost pepper

Calque of Assamese ভোট-জলকীয়া (bhüt-zolokia, “Bhutanese chili”). The first element bhüt, meaning Bhutanese, was mistakenly confused for a near-homonym bhut meaning ghost, thus producing the English (mis-)translation "ghost pepper".

cal

I buy a puree of ghost peppers from Dave's Gourmet, the makers of Dave's Insanity Sauce […]

2012, Kevin Gillespie, David Joachim, Fire in My Belly: Real Cooking, page 241:


bhut jolokia

Borrowed from Assamese ভোট-জলকীয়া (bhüt-zolokia, literally “Bhutanese chili”) or ভূত-জলকীয়া (bhut-zolokia, literally “ghost chili”).

bor+

A kind of very spicy hot chili pepper from India.


Russet Burbank

A large potato with dark brown skin, few eyes, and dry, mealy white flesh.


sport pepper

Chicago-style hot dog
Chicago-style hot dog

A mild chili pepper, commonly pickled and used in Southern US cooking and on Chicago-style hot dogs.


turkey berry

"From the fact that these berries are much eaten by turkeys."

Solanum torvum
Solanum torvum#Translingual

A wild eggplant (Solanum torvum), a bushy, erect and spiny perennial plant used horticulturally as a rootstock for eggplant.


strawberry tomato

en-noun

strawberry tomato (plural strawberry tomatoes)


murphy

From the common Irish name Murphy. Compare Donovan (“a potato”).

1857, Thomas Hughes., chapter VI, in Tom Brown's School Days:

To the chimney nook, / Having found admittance, / There I watch a pup / Playing with two kittens / (Playing round the fire, / Which of blazing turf is, / Roaring to the pot / Which bubbles with the murphies) […]

a. 1848, William Thackeray, "Peg of Limavaddy", in The Irish Sketch Book (1848), page 147


Irish potato

(US) A potato, distinguished from a sweet potato.


hot pepper

hot pepper (countable and uncountable, plural hot peppers)

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

Capsicum frutescens
Capsicum frutescens#Translingual

Any of the plants that bear such fruit, especially the species Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens and their numerous subspecies, varieties, or cultivars.


makhorka

makhorka (usually uncountable, plural makhorkas)

From Russian махо́рка (maxórka). The Russian term took its name from the Dutch city of Amersfoort, known for its tobacco industry.

Carefully refolding the paper, he put it away and rolled himself a cigarette of powerful makhorka in the strip of newspaper.

1938, Seema Rynin Allan, Comrades and citizens, page 113:

More than three-quarters of the Soviet tobacco output consists of makhorka (Nicotiana rustica), a low-grade variety used in other European countries only as an insecticide because of its high nicotine content.

1949, Naum Jasny, The Socialized Agriculture of the U. S. S. R., page 585:

We were starving for tobacco—makhorka, actually, which, according to soldiers, helped survive cold, hunger and everyday toil. They gave us one pack of makhorka a month.

2003, David Victor Rosenstein, The Reason to Love This Country, page 36:

Nicotiana rustica
Nicotiana rustica#Translingual

(chiefly Russia) A coarse, strong type of tobacco (Nicotiana rustica), especially grown in Russia and Ukraine.


raatrani

Borrowed from Marathi रातराणी (rātrāṇī).

It was still dark and the raatranis had not withdrawn into themselves yet.

1997, Kiran Nagarkar, Cuckold, HarperCollins, published 2013, page 278:

It was a pleasant evening up on the terrace with the breeze, a full moon and the sweet smell of the raatrani.

It was only when the rain stopped and the smell of the raat rani came pouring into the room that Arindam got up to leave.

2013, Sachin Kundalkar, translated by Jerry Pinto, Cobalt Blue:

(India) The night-blooming cestrum, Cestrum nocturnum.


green potato

A potato that has been exposed to sunlight so has turned green in colour and bitter in taste.


bush tomato

Similarly the desert raisin, or bush tomato (Solanum centrale), used by Central Desert people for thousands of years, has become dependent on people for its propagation and spread.

2018, Bruce Pascoe, Dark Emu, Scribe, published 2020, page 39:

(Australia) Any of various plants of the genus Solanum, growing in arid parts of Australia, and bearing tomato-like fruits.


banj

1992, Krishna Murti Gupta, Mirabehn, Mira Behn, Gandhiji's Daughter Disciple: Birth Centenary Volume
Whereas when they pass down slowly deep into the soil, they replenish the springs and river sources which are of such vital importance to agriculture in the dry season But why are the Banj forests disappearing so fast?

While chir pine had better growth yield than banj oak. the dry mass in both the species increased with the increasing nutrient and moisture status of soil. Response breadth values were wider for chir pine than banj oak on each of the nutrient and moisture gradient.

1993, Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy: Biological sciences:

Banj oak on risers also had significantly higher stem density (P<0.0001, P< 0.0001), height (P<0.0001, P<0.0001), and diameter (P=0.00324, P<0.0001) than chir pine growing on the flats and risers, repsectively. ^([sic])

Banj (Quercus leucotrichophora) is the most common oak, while chir (P. roxburghii) is the dominant pine. […] In a given watershed, chir pine generally occupies ridge tops, southern aspects and is more common in wide valleys, while banj dominates the base of slopes, northern aspects and narrow valleys.

2007, Kristiina A. Vogt, Forests and Society: Sustainability and Life Cycles of Forests in Human Landscapes, CABI, →ISBN, page 48:

The total soil carbon across all the forest types ranged from 166.2 to 240.7 tonnes per hectare, the highest being in the dense mixed banj oak forest of Dhaili, which is located at the base of the slope, and the lowest being in the degraded […]

2012, Margaret Skutsch, Community Forest Monitoring for the Carbon Market: Opportunities Under REDD, Routledge, →ISBN, page 129:

(countable) Quercus leucotrichophora, a type of oak.


grape tomato

From grape + tomato. From the appearance of the tomato, small and elongated like a grape.

A type of small tomato similar in shape to a plum tomato but small like a cherry tomato.


peppadew

Pat the peppadews dry with paper towels. With a small spoon, fill the peppadews with goat cheese. Arrange the stuffed peppadews on the planks and drizzle with olive oil.

2010, Karen Adler, Judith Fertig, 25 Essentials: Techniques for Planking, page 43:

Capsicum baccatum
Capsicum baccatum#Translingual

A kind of sweet pepper, a cultivar of Capsicum baccatum.


perique

perique (countable and uncountable, plural periques)

A kind of tobacco with medium-sized leaf, small stem, and tough and gummy fiber, raised in Louisiana and cured in its own juices, so as to be very dark in color. It is marketed in tightly wrapped rolls called carottes.


peter pepper

An heirloom chili pepper grown in North America for its unusual penis-shaped fruits.


petune

en-verb

petune (third-person singular simple present petunes, present participle petuning, simple past and past participle petuned)

petunes (present singular third-person)
petuning (participle present)
petuned (participle past)
petuned (past)

(dated, transitive) To spray (tobacco) with a liquid intended to produce flavour or aroma.


Sumatra leaf

A thin, elastic, uniformly light-coloured tobacco leaf, grown in Sumatra and extensively used for cigar wrappers.


night-blooming jasmine

en-noun

night-blooming jasmine (countable and uncountable, plural night-blooming jasmines)

night-blooming cestrum (Cestrum nocturnum).


earthapple

From earth + apple, a calque of German Erdapfel or Dutch aardappel; compare also French pomme de terre, Old English eorþæppel (“cucumber”, literally “earth/ground-apple”).

cog

Helianthus tuberosus
Helianthus tuberosus#Translingual

A Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus).


satsumaimo

Borrowed from Japanese 薩(さつ)摩(ま)芋(いも) (Satsuma imo, “Satsuma potato”).

ja-r

She uses broccoli rabe instead of aka takana (spicy mustard greens), shops in the Caribbean markets of her Washington Heights neighborhood for batatas rather than Japanese satsumaimo (yellow sweet potatoes), and has learned to love the local mofongo, the Dominican version of mashed plantains with lots of garlic.

2007 December 26, Julia Moskin, “A Celebration of the New Year Ushers in a Bit of Japan”, in New York Times:


Kipfler

From German Kipfler or Bavarian Kipfler. Related to German and Bavarian Kipfl and Kipferl (“croissant”).

A small elongated variety of potato with yellow flesh.


snuff bottle

A bottle used by the Chinese during the Qing dynasty to hold powdered tobacco.


Jet Star

She leaned back and pulled another tomato seedling from the flat. She set the plant in the newly dug hole and scooped soil over its thin white roots. She smiled. The Jet Stars were always the first to bloom and ripen.

1997, Mary McGarry Morris, Songs in Ordinary Time, page 104:

A variety of low-acidity, crack-resistant tomato.


Lumper

en-noun

Lumper (countable and uncountable, plural Lumpers)

“Over there I'm growing Lumper,” he tells us as we look across potato rows growing between poplar windbreaks.

2012, David Buchanan, Taste, Memory: Forgotten Foods, Lost Flavors, and Why They Matter, →ISBN:

The Lumper, as they call this particular variety of pots, is a symbol of this Irish dilemma, for this is the infamous potato that failed in the 1840s and caused the great famine. The Lumper is therefore one of the most historic of all the heirloom potato varieties now preserved under the careful eye of historic museums and potato enthusiasts alike, myself included.

2013, William Woys Weaver, 100 Vegetables and Where They Came From, →ISBN, page 146:

In the 1840s, however, these two counties were among the worst affected when Ireland's potatoes -- those big floury Lumpers that sustained millions -- began to rot.

2015, Fiona Farrell, The Villa at the Edge of the Empire, →ISBN, page 39:

A variety of potato, best known as the variety that failed in the Irish potato famine.


bhaigan

bhaigan (usually uncountable, plural bhaigans)

Admitting to stealing the vegetables, Mohammed said, “Boss ah tief the thing, but not me alone.” The bhaigans were valued $100.

2015 February 7, Azard Ali, “Mother put on a bond for stealing bhaigans”, in Trinidad and Tobago Newsday:

(India, Trinidad and Tobago, cooking) brinjal, eggplant, aubergine


cocona

A tropical shrub, Solanum sessiliflorum, grown for its edible fruit.


bird's eye chili

bird's eye chili (plural bird's eye chilis)

A spicy chili pepper, a cultivar from the species Capsicum annuum, commonly found in Southeast Asia.


Italian tomato

Italian tomato (plural Italian tomatoes)

From Italian + tomato, from being a commonly encountered type of tomato in Italian cuisine.