knight

From Middle English knight, knyght, kniht, from Old English cniht (“boy; servant, knight”), from Proto-West Germanic *kneht.

inh

King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table

There are two tombs, each bearing effigies of a knight and his lady. One is 14th century, the other 15th century. The earlier knight wears chain mail and his lady has long, flowing hair. The later knight has plate armour, and his wife wears a wimple.

1980, AA Book of British Villages, Drive Publications Ltd, page 54:

(by extension) An armored and mounted warrior of the Middle Ages.


hedgehog

/ˈhɛd͡ʒ.hɒɡ/

/ˈhɛd͡ʒ.hɔɡ/

From Middle English heyghoge; equivalent to hedge + hog. Eclipsed non-native Middle English yrchoun, irchoun (“hedgehog”), from Old French hirchoun, herichon (“hedgehog”); and Middle English il, from Old English īl, iġil (“hedgehog”).

(informal, military, historical) A spigot mortar-type of depth charge weapon from World War II that simultaneously fires a number of explosives into the water to create a pattern of underwater explosions intended to attack submerged submarines.


prince

From Middle English prince, from Anglo-Norman prince, from Latin prīnceps (“first head”), from prīmus (“first”) + capiō (“seize, take”). Cognate with Old English fruma (“prince, ruler”). Doublet of princeps and principe.
Displaced native Middle English atheling, from Old English æþeling; Middle English kinebarn, from Old English cynebearn; Middle English alder, from Old English ealdor; and Middle English drighten, from Old English dryhten.

af

A male member of a royal family other than the ruler; especially (in the United Kingdom) the son or grandson of the monarch.

Prince Louis de Broglie won the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physics.

Conspiracy theories are always enticing: one I was involved with in the 50s was about Mayerling, the 19th-century Austrian scandal involving a prince’s lover who died in dodgy circumstances in a hunting lodge.

2011 October 16, Katharine Whitehorn, The Guardian:

A non-royal high title of nobility, especially in France and the Holy Roman Empire.

Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Rohana.


mushroom

→ Japanese: マッシュルーム

From Middle English muscheron, musseron, from Anglo-Norman musherum, moscheron, from Old French moisseron, of obscure origin: probably derived from Old French mosse, moise ("moss"; whence also French mousse), as the use first applied to a type of fungus which grows in moss, from Frankish *mosu (“moss”) or Old Dutch *mosa (“moss”), akin to Old High German mosa (“moor, swamp”), Old High German mos (“moss, bog”), Old High German mios (“moss, mire”), Old English mēos (“moss”), Old English mōs (“bog, marsh”), Old Norse mosi (“moss”), Old Norse myrr (“bog, mire”), from Proto-Germanic *musą, *musô, *miuziz (“mosses, bog”), from Proto-Indo-European *mews- (“mosses, mold, mildew”). Displaced native Old English swamm. More at mire. Alternatively, the Old French may be of pre-Roman origin. See Ancient Greek μύκης (múkēs, “mushroom”). Doublet of moss and mousse.

unk

obscure

gl

"moss"; whence also French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">mousse</i>

der

Some mushrooms are edible and taste good, while others are poisonous and taste foul.

Any of the fleshy fruiting bodies of fungi typically produced above ground on soil or on their food sources (such as decaying wood).

A fungus producing such fruiting bodies.


mushroom

en-verb

mushroom (third-person singular simple present mushrooms, present participle mushrooming, simple past and past participle mushroomed)

mushrooms (present singular third-person)
mushrooming (participle present)
mushroomed (participle past)
mushroomed (past)

unk

obscure

We used to go mushrooming in the forest every weekend.


toadstool

From Middle English tode-stole, tadstol, taddestol, equivalent to toad + stool. Compare dialectal English frogstool (“toadstool”).

Any inedible or poisonous mushroom, especially an amanita.

гъба

особено отровна


earthnut

Inherited from Middle English erthenote, from Old English eorþhnutu, from Proto-Germanic *erþōhnuts; equivalent to earth + nut.

Any of various roots, tubers, or pods that grow underground:

The underground tuber belonging to the genus Tuber.


Scotch bonnet

Of the pepper, mushroom, and snail, from the resemblance to the Scottish tam o'shanter.


morel

Borrowed from French morille (compare Picard merouille, meroule (“morel, mushroom”)), from Frankish *morhila (“mushroom”), diminutive of *morha (“root”), from Proto-Germanic *murhǭ, *murhijǭ (“carrot”), from Proto-Indo-European *mork- (“tuber, edible herb”). Akin to Old High German morhilo, morhela (“mushroom”) (German Morchel (“morel”)), diminutive of Old High German morha, moraha (“tree-root, plant root”) (German Möhre (“carrot”)). Equivalent to dialectal more (“carrot, root”) + -el.

der

A true morel; any of several fungi in the genus Morchella, the upper part of which is covered with a reticulated and pitted hymenium.


puffin

From Middle English poffin, poffoun, puffon, equivalent to puff + -ing, or perhaps ultimately from Middle Cornish (compare Breton poc'han (“puffin”)).

Naturally the Chickies and the Gooverooskies and the Epatkas—the Burgomaster Gulls and the Kittiwakes and the Puffins, who are always looking for a chance to be rude—took up the cry, and—so Limmershin told me—for nearly five minutes you could not have heard a gun fired on Walrus Islet.

1894 May, Rudyard Kipling, “The White Seal”, in The Jungle Book, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published June 1894, →OCLC, page 110:

Fratercula arctica
Fratercula arctica#Translingual

The Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) or (by extension) any of the other various small seabirds of the genera Fratercula and Lunda that are black and white with a brightly-coloured beak.


grisette

Borrowed from French grisette, from gris (“grey”) + -ette, named after the color of the fabric associated with low value or bad quality.

Alternative form: grizette

‘What a fuss is here, indeed, about a little grisette: why, one would think Beresford had carried off an heiress.’

1791, Charlotte Smith, Celestina, Broadview, published 2004, page 263:

The anticipations of the shopkeeper were realized, and his rooms soon became notorious through the charms of the sprightly grisette.

1842, Edgar Allan Poe, The Mystery of Marie Rogêt:

he enjoyed the immense luxury not only of lovemaking but also of sleeping and drowsing beside this gentle and composed and somewhat melancholy woman, who was not a fille de joie in the professional sense but more like a grisette.

1983, Lawrence Durrell, Sebastian (Avignon Quintet), Faber & Faber, published 2004, page 1015:

A (chiefly French) girl or young married woman of the lower class; especially, a young working-class woman of perceived easy morals.


sweet tooth

Hydnum repandum
Hydnum repandum#Translingual

An edible fungus of species Hydnum repandum.


shiitake

/ʃiːˈtɑːkeɪ/

Borrowed from Japanese 椎茸 (shītake), from 椎 (shī, “shii or chinquapin tree”) + 茸 (take, “mushroom”), from the way the mushrooms tend to grow on chinquapin logs. First cited in English in 1877.

Tea bag-style dashi kits are a better quick choice. They pack katsuobushi, kombu and often other ingredients, like dried baby sardines (niboshi) and shiitake mushrooms, into a steepable bag.

2022 October 19, J. Kenji López-Alt, “What Kenji López-Alt Makes His Family for Dinner”, in The New York Times:

Lentinula edodes
Lentinula edodes#Translingual

A wide, brown variety of edible mushroom, Lentinula edodes.


agaric

From Latin agaricum, from Ancient Greek ἀγαρικόν (agarikón, “a tree fungus (Phellinus pomaceus”)), from the country of Agaria, in Sarmatia.

uder

[…] these [commentators] were slight excrescences, mushrooms, champignons, that perished as the smoke of the dunghil evaporated, which reared them. A modern editor of Shakespeare is, on the contrary, a fungus attached to an oak; a male agaric of the most astringent kind, that, while it disfigures its form, may last for ages to disgrace the parent of its being.

1765, William Kenrick, A Review of Doctor Johnson’s New Edition of Shakespeare, London: J. Payne, page 88:

Nobody cares for planting the poor fungus: so she shakes down from the gills of one agaric countless spores, any one of which, being preserved, transmits new billions of spores to-morrow or next day.

1844, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “The Poet”, in Essays. Second Series, Boston: James Munroe, pages 24–25:

1872, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Idylls of the King, “Gareth and Lynette” in Gareth and Lynette, Etc. London: Strahan & Co., p. 47,
She thereat, as one / That smells a foul-flesh’d agaric in the holt, / And deems it carrion of some woodland thing, / Or shrew, or weasel, nipt her slender nose / With petulant thumb and finger,

[…] I came to / Under a rainy ridge, in a goblin clump / Of agaric.

1989, Ted Hughes, “Slump Sundays”, in Wolfwatching, London: Faber and Faber, page 4:

Any of various fungi, principally of the order Agaricales, having fruiting bodies consisting of umbrella-like caps, on stalks, with numerous gills beneath.


signorina

en-noun

signorina (plural signorinas or signorine)

A courtesy title for an unmarried woman of Italian origin.


chanterelle

/ˈtʃæntəɹɛl/

Borrowed from French chanterelle, from New Latin cantharellus, diminutive of Latin cantharus (“drinking vessel”), from Ancient Greek κάνθαρος (kántharos). Probably of Pre-Greek origin, cognate with Akkadian 𒃶𒁺𒊒𒌑 (/kanduru/, “kind of vessel”), from Sumerian 𒄑𒃶𒉡𒌉 (/gannu-tur/, “small vessel; potstand”, literally “little vessel, container, holder”).

cog

Even the homely wood blewits, that you cook like tripe, with milk and onions, and the egg-yolk yellow chanterelle with its fan-vaulting and faint smell of apricots, all spring up overnight like bubbles of earth, unsustained by nature, existing in a void.

1979, Angela Carter, ‘The Erl-King’, The Bloody Chamber, Vintage, published 2006, page 98:

Cantharellus cibarius
Cantharellus cibarius#Translingual

(mycology) A widely distributed edible mushroom, Cantharellus cibarius, being yellow and trumpet-shaped; or any similar mushroom of the genera Cantharellus, Polyozellus or Gomphus, not all of which are edible.


destroying angel

en-noun

destroying angel (plural destroying angels)

Amanita virosa
Amanita virosa#Translingual

One of a group of four deadly toxic mushrooms in the Amanita genus: Amanita bisporigera, Amanita ocreata, Amanita verna, and Amanita virosa.


truffle

From French trufle, a variant of truffe (whence also Danish and Norwegian trøffel, Swedish tryffel, German Trüffel), from Old Occitan trufa, a metathesis of Late Latin tufera (plural), from Latin tūber (“truffle”).

Any of various edible fungi, of the genus Tuber, that grow in the soil in southern Europe; the earthnut.


blusher

blusher (countable and uncountable, plural blushers)

(countable) Any of several closely related, edible species of the genus Amanita, including Amanita rubescens and Amanita novinupta.


Chinese truffle

Chinese truffle (plural Chinese truffles)

A species of truffle, Tuber sinense, native to China.


white truffle

From white + truffle from being a truffle with a lightish appearance, lighter than that of black truffles.

A truffle of species Tuber magnatum, most commonly from the Piedmont region of Italy, lighter in color than black truffles, similarly prized as a culinary ingredient.


black truffle

From black + truffle, from being a truffle with a darkish appearance, darker than white truffles.

A species of truffle, Tuber melanosporum, darker than the white truffle, most commonly from France but also found in other parts of Europe, that is prized as a culinary ingredient.


stinkhorn

Any fungus of the order Phallales, which produce a foul-scented, rod-shaped mushroom.


bracket fungus

Meronym: conk (fruiting body)

One class, bracket fungus, may be used for decorative purposes. Pictures may be drawn on its flat surface. The bracket fungus is found most often in the shape of a semicircular bracket, varying in size from 1 in. to 2 ft. in diameter and attached to dead stumps and fallen logs—beech-trees particularly.

1921 February, Anthony E. Zipprich, “Drawing on Fungus-a Novel and Pleasing Art”, in Popular Science, volume 98, number 2, Modern Publishing Company, page 128:

Some bracket fungi can utilize most of the wood, and because they leave it white, spongy, and fibrous are called "white rots."

1994, Marcia Bonta, Appalachian Autumn, University of Pittsburgh Press, page 160:

2019, Katie Scott, Ester Gaya (editors), Fungarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Bonnier Books (Big Picture Press),
While most mushrooms produce their spores inside gills, bracket fungi (or polypores) form sporing bodies with pores or tubes on their underside.

Any of various fungi of the family Polyporaceae, whose fruiting bodies form on trees and resemble shelves or brackets.


fly agaric

Amanita muscaria
Amanita muscaria#Translingual

A poisonous and hallucinogenic mushroom, Amanita muscaria, with a large crimson cap, fading to yellow, scattered with white flecks.


puffball

Any of various fungi that produce a cloud of brown dust-like spores from their mature fruiting bodies.


cep

From French cèpe, from Latin cippus (“stake”). Doublet of cippus.

Boletus edulis
Boletus edulis#Translingual


horn of plenty

There are other mysteries expressed by the bison horn, the Paleolithic original of which the classical cornucopia is a copy: the horn of plenty is the universal vulva from which emerge all the creatures of life, plants, animals, and humans.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 105:

An edible chanterelle (Craterellus cornucopioides).


shroom

en-verb

shroom (third-person singular simple present shrooms, present participle shrooming, simple past and past participle shroomed)

shrooms (present singular third-person)
shrooming (participle present)
shroomed (participle past)
shroomed (past)

Not just because it was sophmoric^([sic]) and juvenile (which it surely was) but I was shrooming pretty heavily by now.

2012, Michael E. Monahan, College Boy, AuthorHouse, →ISBN, page 23:

Just a few months ago I was in Amsterdam with two old friends from the Lahore art world. On a warm summer night we checked out some galleries and walked along the canals, whirring bicycles and shrooming teenagers passing us in the darkness.

2014, Mohsin Hamid, Discontent and Its Civilizations: Dispatches from Lahore, New York and London, Penguin UK, →ISBN:

(intransitive, slang) To take magic mushrooms.


miller

From Middle English myllere, mellere, from earlier mylnere, possibly from an Old English *mylnere, from Proto-West Germanic *mulīnārī (“miller”), equivalent to mill + -er; cf. also Late Latin molīnārius (“miller”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Muller, Dutch mulder, molenaar, German Low German Möller, German Müller, Müllner, Danish møller, Norwegian Bokmål møller, Norwegian Nynorsk mylnar, møllar, Swedish mjölnare, Icelandic mylnari.
Compare also Middle English milward, mulward (“miller”), from Old English mylenweard (“miller”, literally “mill-keeper”) (> English Millward (surname)).

m+

every miller draws water to his own mill

The common name of a flour-smelling mushroom, Clitopilus prunulus.


boletus

hřib

a type of edible mushroom — see also porcini


muscarine

en-noun

muscarine (countable and uncountable, plural muscarines)

From the fungus Amanita muscaria, from Latin musca (“fly”).

(biochemistry) An extremely poisonous alkaloid, obtained from fly agaric, that disrupts the action of acetylcholine neurotransmitter.


champignon

Moscow’s food stores, formerly famed for bare shelves and long lines, are now kept stocked with fresh champignons and greens[…].

2007 January 31, C. J. Chivers, “A Soviet Agricultural Success: Vast Greenhouse Complex”, in New York Times:

Agaricus bisporus
Agaricus bisporus#Translingual

Agaricus bisporus, a species of mushroom commonly used in cooking.


magic mushroom

(informal) Any mushroom-like fungus that has psychedelic effects.


black chanterelle

black chanterelle (plural black chanterelles)

An edible mushroom
Craterellus cornucopioides


slippery jack

Suillus luteus
Suillus luteus#Translingual

A mushroom in genus Suillus, family Boletaceae, especially Suillus luteus; boletes, they have no gills, but release spores from tubes ending in open pores.


birch bolete

Leccinum scabrum
Leccinum scabrum#Translingual


lawyer's wig

From its resemblance to the traditional horsehair wig worn by barristers in Britain.

You find parasols and lawyer's wig more in the fields, and pholiota...

1966, Robert Pinget, Plays, volume 2, Hill and Wang, page 144:

These Lawyer's wig fungi are for me the best tasting mushrooms, even better than cepes and they are wonderful just gently fried in butter.

In Britain, Coprinus comatus is dubbed the Lawyer's wig.

2003, Charles L. Fergus, Common Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of the Northeast, Stackpole Books, page 33:

A certain edible mushroom (Coprinus comatus).


sulfur fungus

A yellow bracket fungus, Laetiporus sulphureus, which causes a type of brown rot in trees. The fruiting bodies form on the sides of the trees and can reach several metres in width, but are edible when small.


sulphur tuft

Several of the key identifying characteristics listed above are expressly designed to rule out the poisonous Sulphur Tuft (N.fasaculare; see p. 159). It occasionally has been mistaken for the Smoky-gilled Naematoloma, but the toxic species has a greenish yellow to bright orangish yellow cap and, usually, bitter-tasting flesh. The gills of young Sulphur Tufts are greenish yellow to sulphur yellow, darkening to purplish brown in age.

1992, David W. Fischer, Alan E. Bessette, Edible Wild Mushrooms of North America: A Field-to-kitchen Guide, page 81:

The similar but less common Sulphur Tuft, Hypholoma fasciculare, is a yellow mushroom yielding a purple-brown spore print; it grows on logs and stumps. The Sulphur Tuft is very bitter. Poisonous, it causes nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

2003, Charles L. Fergus, Common Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of the Northeast, page 25:

There were good fungi and bad ones, he said; you had to learn the difference. You had to be sure, for instance, that you didn't pick sulphur tufts instead of branching oysters.

2012, Rachel Joyce, The Unlikely Pilgrimage of Harold Fry, page 209:

A yellow poisonous mushroom, Hypholoma fasciculare (= Naematoloma fasciculare).


sulfur tuft

The fasciculol poisons in the sulfur tuft damage the stomach and intestines, causing vomiting and diarrhea.

2009, Steve Parker, Molds, Mushrooms & Other Fungi, page 33:

Finally, the mass appearance of fungi species such as sticky buns (Suillus luteus), sulfur tufts (Hypholoma fasciculare) or, slightly later, chanterelles (Cantharellus cibarius) and porcinis (Boletus edulis) would not be possible (Figure 6).

2010, Jan Szyszko, “Forest Policies, Carbon Sequestration and Biodiversity Protection”, in R. Ragaini, editor, International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies: 42nd Session, page 72:

The sulfur tuft [Hypholoma fasciculare (Huds.) P. Kumm.] has been associated with mushroom poisoning,^(8,9) but the toxic constituents have not been identified.

2012, Donald G. Barceloux, Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances, unnumbered page:


amanita

/ˌæməˈnaɪtə/

From the genus name, from Ancient Greek ἀμανίτης (amanítēs), mushrooms.

Any of very many agaric mushrooms, of the genus Amanita, most of which are very poisonous.


portobello

Uncertain; possibly from dialectal Italian pratarolo (“meadow mushroom”), ultimately from Latin pratum (“meadow”). It has also said to be named after Portobello Road in London, which originally led to the Porto Bello House.

The large, mature form of the crimini mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)


oyster mushroom

oyster mushroom (plural oyster mushrooms)

It is apparent that the production of Oyster mushroom in early 80's was negligible but due to simplicity of cultivation procedure and broad adaptability of different Pleurotus species, the Oyster mushroom has emerged as a mushroom of significance and it is expected that the production will continue to increase especially in South-East Asian countries.

2006, K. G. Mukerji, C. Manoharachary, Current Concepts in Botany, page 93:

2006, OECD, Safety Assessment of Transgenic Organisms, OECD Consensus Documents, Volume 1, page 277,
Oyster mushroom is regarded as one of the commercially important edible mushrooms throughout the world. It consists of a number of different species including Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus sajor-caju, […] The oyster mushroom is the second most important mushroom in production around the world, accounting for 25% of total world production of cultivated mushrooms.

Oyster mushrooms (Fig. 4.1) are the most suitable fungal organisms for producing protein-rich food from various agro-wastes without composting.[…]Pleorotus mushrooms irrespective of the particular species are generally referred to as "oyster mushrooms".

2010, Ramesh Chandra Upadhyay, Manjit Singh, “4: Production of Edible Mushrooms”, in Martin Hofrichter, editor, Industrial Applications, page 84:

Any of several mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus cultivated for food.


waxy cap

Any agaric of the family Hygrophoraceae.


death cap

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-death cap.wav

Amanita phalloides
Amanita phalloides#Translingual

The deadly poisonous mushroom Amanita phalloides.


bolete

Borrowed from Latin bōlētus (“edible mushroom”), from Ancient Greek βωλίτης (bōlítēs).

The boletes, or fleshy pore fungi, are a conspicuous element of the summer and fall "mushroom" flora of Michigan.

1971, Alexander Hanchett Smith, Harry Delbert Thiers, The Boletes of Michigan, University of Michigan Press, page 1:

When gathering boletes and other mushrooms for food, avoid picking from polluted habitats such as along heavily trafficked roads, along railroad tracks or power line clearings, near landfills or roadside litter dumps, and chemically treated lawns.

2000, Alan E. Bessette, William C. Roody, Arleen R. Bessette, North American Boletes: A Color Guide to the Fleshy Pored Mushrooms, Syracuse University Press, page 375:

Any bolete that matches the traits described above should instantly react with a turquoise color change when a drop of ammonia is placed on the stem. If it doesn't, you've got the wrong mushroom.

2009, Joe McFarland, Gregory M. Mueller, Edible Wild Mushrooms of Illinois and Surrounding States: A Field-to-Kitchen Guide, University of Illinois Press, page 128:

A type of fruiting body produced by certain fungus species in the order Boletales, especially those of genus Boletus, many of which are prized for their flavour; any species of said order that produces such a fruiting body.


panther cap

Amanita pantherina
Amanita pantherina#Translingual

The highly poisonous agaric Amanita pantherina.


straw mushroom

A small, edible mushroom used primarily in the cuisines of East and Southeast Asia, Volvariella volvacea.

bolet de la palla

small edible mushroom, Volvariella volvacea


wood ear

wood ear (usually uncountable, plural wood ears)

An edible fungus in the genus Auricularia, shaped like an ear and growing on wood.


jelly fungus

This yellow jelly fungus, commonly known as Witch's Butter, is seen only during the rainy season.

1968, Robert Thomas Orr, Dorothy B. Orr, Mushrooms and Other Common Fungi of Southern California, page 18:

Auricularia (jelly fungi) was placed within Hymenomycetes in the gene trees, which showed that the split between Urediniomycetes and Hymenomycetes occurred long before the split between jelly fungi and mushrooms.

2005, Ming Hao Pei, Carlos Bayon, Carmen Ruiz, “1: Phylogenetic Position of Melampsora in Rust Fungi Inferred from Ribosomal DNA Sequences”, in Ming Hao Pei, Alistair R. McCracken, editors, Rust Diseases of Willow and Poplar, page 4:

Tremella fuciformis is a tropical and subtropical jelly fungus found on hardwood logs after heavy rains. It is whitish or nearly transparent, and fairly large (up to 7 cm across)—and it features graceful gelatinous lobes rather than the glob-like blobs that typify so many other jelly fungi.

2010, Michael Kuo, Andy Methven, 100 Cool Mushrooms, page 185:

Any of various fungi with an irregularly branched fruiting body apparently of jelly-like consistency.


enoki mushroom

From Japanese 榎茸 (enokitake), from 榎 (enoki, “Chinese hackberry”) + 茸 (take, “mushroom”), it being a mushroom that grows on stumps of the tree.

A mushroom with a long, thin stem, in the species Flammulina filiformis, used primarily in the cuisines of East Asia.


bottle cap

Psilocybe baeocystis
Psilocybe baeocystis#Translingual

Any of certain mushrooms of genus Psilocybe, such as Psilocybe baeocystis.


false morel

Any of several Ascomycota mushrooms in the genus Gyromitra which bear a resemblance to the highly regarded true morels of the genus Morchella.


Jew's ear

A mistranslation of mediaeval Latin auricula Judae (“Judas's ear”), from its shape, and its occurrence on the tree on which Judas Iscariot was supposed to have hanged himself.

Hither also may be referr'd those multitudes and varieties of Mushroms, such as that, call'd Jews-ears, all sorts of gray and green Mosses, &c.

1665, Robert Hooke, Micrographia, section XIX:

Over the hearth hang bunches of drying mushrooms, the thin, curling kind they call jew's-ears, which have grown on the elder trees since Judas hanged himself on one; this is the kind of lore he tells me, tempting my half-belief.

1979, Angela Carter, ‘The Erl-King’, The Bloody Chamber, Vintage, published 2006, page 99:

Auricularia auricula-judae
Auricularia auricula-judae#Translingual

A kind of edible fungus (Auricularia auricula-judae), growing on tree-trunks, formerly used for medicinal purposes.

烏木耳 /乌木耳

o͘-bo̍k-ní, o͘-bo̍k-lí, o͘-bo̍k-jí, o͘-bo̍k-jíⁿ


elfin saddle

Here too are the false morels (genus Gyromitra) and elfin saddles (genus Helvella), which are generally regarded — or suspected — to be poisonous when consumed, especially if eaten raw.

2003, William C. Roody, Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians, page 477:

Any of certain ascomycetous fungi of genus Helvella with an irregular cap resembling a saddle, especially Helvella crispa or Helvella lacunosa.

[…]since the Bohemian morel can be confused with the toxic elfin saddle (Gyromitra infula) or other undesirable fungi.

1980, The University of Washington Arboretum Bulletin, volumes 43-45, page 39:

2005, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station (Portland, Oregon), Research Note PNW-RN-546, page 7,
Of the several species of Gyromitra that might be encountered in Alaska, two are especially important for morel hunters to learn: Gyromitra esculenta ssp. lato, the beefsteak false morel, and G. infula ssp. lato, the elfin saddle.

Gyromitra infula
Gyromitra infula#Translingual

Any member of species Gyromitra infula of ascomycetes, which similarly resemble a saddle.


amanitin

(biochemistry) A deadly amatoxin found in Amanita phalloides (the death cap), the four destroying angels (Amanita bisporigera, Amanita ocreata, Amanita verna, and Amanita virosa), and some other amanitas.


gypsy mushroom

Cortinarius caperatus
Cortinarius caperatus#Translingual

Cortinarius caperatus, a highly esteemed edible mushroom related to webcaps.


webcap

(mycology) A mushroom of the agaric genus Cortinarius, many of which are highly poisonous.

goatcheese webcap (Cortinarius camphoratus


sickener

A small, bright red and possibly poisonous russula or brittlegill (Russula emetica).


porcini

Borrowed from Italian porcini, plural of porcino.

1994, A Valley in Itay: The Many Seasons of a Villa in Umbria, Lisa St Aubin de Terán http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zwkjAQAAIAAJ&q=%22three+porcini%22&dq=%22three+porcini%22&hl=en&ei=SWffTt7DF4POhAe355yCBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA
Robbie, on the other hand, on his first trip out with Clara's brother Licio, gathered twenty-three porcini (more than his guide)

An edible mushroom (Boletus edulis), prized for its flavor.


bracelet cortinar

bracelet cortinar (plural bracelet cortinars)

Cortinarius armillatus
Cortinarius armillatus#Translingual

Cortinarius armillatus, a species of webcap mushroom.


cortinar

A mushroom of the genus Cortinarius; webcap.


birch bracket

Piptoporus betulinus
Piptoporus betulinus#Translingual

(mycology) A polypore mushroom that grows almost exclusively on birch trees, Piptoporus betulinus.


honey fungus

Wikispecies honey fungus (canonical)
honey fungi (plural)

The common edible Mushroom or Honey-fungus (Agaricus melleus) is also a very common, and in many places a very dangerous, parasite in young crops of conifers, which, however, also occurs extensively as a saprophyte on dead stools and roots of old trees, especially of Beeches.

1893, Hermann Heinrich von Fürst, The Protection of Woodlands Against Dangers Arising from Organic and Inorganic Causes, page 75:

Zhu ling grows on honey fungi (Armelliaria mellea) rhizomorph for nutrients, leading to a unique cultivation process (Huang 1993, Yao & Huang 1993).

2000, Science and Cultivation of Edible Fungi, volume 2, page 545:

Honey fungus (Armillaria mellea) is most obvious when, in autumn, clumps of honey-coloured, pale-stemmed toadstools appear at the base of a tree.

2012, Ruth Binney, The Gardener's Wise Words and Country Ways, page 160:

A parasitic mushroom of the genus Armillaria that lives on trees and shrubs.


false chanterelle

false chanterelle (plural false chanterelles)

A non-poisonous, but dull-tasting mushroom that resembles chanterelle; Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca.


funnel chanterelle

funnel chanterelle (plural funnel chanterelles)

An edible mushroom of species Craterellus tubaeformis.


sap ball

(botany) Any large fungus of the genus Polyporus.


lingzhi

From the Hanyu Pinyin romanization of Mandarin 靈芝 /灵芝 (língzhī). Doublet of reishi.

Ganoderma lucidum
Ganoderma lucidum#Translingual

A medicinal mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine, Ganoderma lucidum and other closely related mushroom of the genus Ganoderma.


brain mushroom

Gyromitra esculenta
Gyromitra esculenta#Translingual

A fungus common in Europe and North America and one of several species of fungi known as false morels, especially Gyromitra esculenta.


matsutake

It was the season for the succulent, fragrant matsutake, which grows at the bases of pine trees, and Takezō relaxed enough to go hunting the large mushrooms on the wooded mountain just behind the house.

1981 [1935-1939], Eiji Yoshikawa, translated by Charles S. Terry, Musashi, Harper & Row/Kodansha International, translation of 宮本武蔵 [Miyamoto Musashi] (in Japanese), →ISBN, page 11:

A mushroom, Tricholoma matsutake, prized in Asian cuisine for its spicy aroma.


waxcap

Any agaric mushroom of the family Hygrophoraceae.


trub

trub (countable and uncountable, plural trubs)

Borrowed from German trüb, from Old High German truobi, from Proto-Germanic *drōbuz (English droff (“turbid, sorrowful, sad”)), cognate with Dutch droef (“sad, miserable”).

(brewing, uncountable) The layer of sediment that appears at the bottom of the fermenter after yeast has completed the bulk of the fermentation.


enoki

A shortening of enokitake, from Japanese 榎茸 (enokitake). Compare enoki mushroom, which is an incomplete calque of the Japanese.

Enokis have a delicate flavor and crunchy texture.

2006, Roy Yamaguchi et al., Roy's Fish and Seafood, →ISBN, page 231:

An enoki mushroom (Flammulina velutipes).


purple coral

A species of forest mushroom, Alloclavaria purpurea


chicken of the woods

chicken of the woods (countable and uncountable, plural chickens of the woods)

From its chicken-like taste and woodland habitat.

Any edible mushroom of the Laetiporus genus.


milk-cap

From milk + cap, named after the latex (“milk”) they exude when cut or bruised.


auriscalpium

auriscalpium (plural auriscalpiums or auriscalpia)

auriscalpiums (plural)
auriscalpia (plural)

The word is compounded of the Latin auris (“ear”) and scalpo (“I scratch”).


king oyster mushroom

king oyster mushroom (plural king oyster mushrooms)

Pleurotus eryngii
Pleurotus eryngii#Translingual


button mushroom

button mushroom (plural button mushrooms)

Agaricus bisporus, the white or common mushroom.


liberty cap

Psilocybe semilanceata
Psilocybe semilanceata#Translingual

A magic mushroom, a mushroom of the genus Psilocybe, especially Psilocybe semilanceata.


hot lips

For Hot Lips and Poison Kiss divas: Your lips are the most suggestive, sensual erogenous zone you've got—work it, girl, and get his attention focused right where it belongs.

2010, Violet Blue, Seal It with a Kiss: Tips, Tricks, and Techniques for Delivering the Knockout Kiss, →ISBN, page 36:

A person who kisses or is said to kiss passionately.

Either of two red mushrooms, Calostoma cinnabarina and Octospora humosa, whose red fruiting bodies are thought to resemble a pair of lips.

Either of two plants of the madder family, Palicourea elata and Palicourea tomentosa, whose red flowers are thought to resemble a pair of lips.


blewit

Either of two edible mushrooms of the genus Clitocybe (sometimes Lepista or Tricholoma)

The field blewit or blue-leg (Clitocybe saeva)


snow morel

Any of species Gyromitra gigas of edible mushrooms.


velvet shank

An enoki or enokitake mushroom, Flammulina velutipes.


maitake

maitake (countable and uncountable, plural maitakes)

Truffles, maitake, matsutake, king boletes, shiitake and dozens of other edible types are hunted commercially around the planet.

2007 November 9, Stephen Regenold, “Hot on the Trail of the Edible Fungi in Illinois”, in New York Times:

Grifola frondosa, an edible polypore mushroom that grows in clusters at the bases of trees.


Caesar's mushroom

Caesar's mushroom (plural Caesar's mushrooms)

Amanita caesarea, an edible mushroom with a distinctive orange cap.


powder cap

A parasitic fungus, Asterophora lycoperdoides, that lives on other mushrooms.


peziza

Any of the genus Peziza of saprophytic fungi.


moril

From French morille. Compare Old High German morhila, Old High German morha (“carrot”), German Morchel. See more (“a root”).


steccherino

Any of several mushrooms of the family Hydnaceae (especially the edible ones)


charbonnier

The charbonnier, also known as the sooty head mushroom, is unknown to many mushroom pickers.

2013, Pelle Holmberg, Hans Marklund, “The charbonnier”, in The Pocket Guide to Wild Mushrooms, New York: Skyhorse Publishing, →ISBN:

A species of fungus in the family Tricholomataceae, Tricholoma portentosum.


flybane

Any sessile organism thought to be harmful to or deterrent of flies.


turban-top

Turban-top. Helvella. Gen. Pl. 1677. Mushroom top-shaped, smooth above and underneath.

1798, Charles Abbot, Flora Bedfordiensis, Comprehending Such Plants as Grow Wild in the County of Bedford, Arranged According to the System of Linnæus, with Occasional Remarks, Bedford: W. Smith, page 320:

The following have been observed on the eastern borders of Herefordshire in the vicinity of Malvern Hills, and are demeed rariores as natives of Great Britain: […]
Helvella Gelatinosa. ––– ― Turban-top.
― Cartilagenea ––– Gristly Turban-top.

1805, John Duncumb, General View of the Agriculture of the County of Hereford. Drawn Up for the Consideration of the Board of Agriculture and Internal Improvement, London: Richard Phillips, pages 170–171:

Among the poisonous fungi, which could be mistaken for the edible are the Agaricus piperatus puff-ball, the toad-stool and the poisonous orange agaricus, belonging to the cap-fungi and the turban top of the sack species, which often cause poisonous results owing to their resemblance to morels.

1904, Kaiserliches Gesundheitsamt, Hygiene and Sanitation, 9th edition, Berlin: Springer, →DOI, →ISBN, § 69 Fungi and Mushrooms, page 71:

1967, S. Franke, U. Freimuth, P. H. List, “Über die Giftigkeit der Frühjahrslorchel Gyromitra (Helvella) esculenta Fr. 14. Mitteilung Pilzinhaltsstoffe [(after Y.H. Hui 2019 Foodborne Disease Handbook Volume III: Plant Toxicants, CRC Press, bibliography) On toxicology of the turban top Gyromita (Helvetia) esculenta Fr. 14. Substances contained in mushrooms.]”, in Archives of Toxicology, volume 22, →DOI, pages 293–332:

(obsolete, West Midlands) A kind of fungus with an irregularly wrinkled, somewhat globular pileus, including the genus Helvella and the species Gyromitra esculenta.


girolle

The dominance of the squeaky-clean white button has given way to a far wider range: brown chestnuts and flat-capped portobellos, and pearly-white oysters, which really do look a bit like the oyster shells they’re named after, carotene-orange girolles, flavour-bomb dried shiitake and porcini, or delicate enoki, with their long, skinny legs and tiny caps, which are often sold in packages with buna and shiro shimejis and labelled “exotic”.

2015 November 14, Yotam Ottolenghi, “Shroom for manoeuvre: Yotam Ottolenghi’s mushroom recipes”, in The Guardian:


harefoot

From Middle English hare-fot, equivalent to hare + foot. Compare Old English haran hiġe (“hare's-foot (plant)”).


armillaria

Any of the genus Armillaria of parasitic fungi; a honey fungus.


euagaric

A member of the fungal order Agaricales; a gilled mushroom.


brittlestem

A plant of the genus Psathyrotes of annual and perennial forbs and low subshrubs native to dry areas of southwestern North America.


hoof fungus

Fomes fomentarius, a fungal plant pathogen found in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America, producing large polypore fruit bodies shaped like a horse's hoof.


old man of the woods

Strobilomyces strobilaceus, a boletaceous fungus of Europe and North America.


bird's nest fungus

en-noun

bird's nest fungus (plural bird's nest fungi)

The Bird's nest fungi are related to puffballs.

2003, William C. Roody, Mushrooms of West Virginia and the Central Appalachians, page 457:

The bird's-nest fungus resembles a miniature bird's nest complete with “eggs.” The eggs (periodioles) are actually spore packages, which rupture to release the reproductive cells.

2008, Donald W. Linzey, A Natural History Guide to Great Smoky Mountains National Park, page 78:

The egg dispersal mechanics of the bird's nest fungus are as amazing as its appearance.

2010, Bill Russell, Field Guide to Wild Mushrooms of Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic, page 107:

Bird's nest fungi are funky and fascinating; they look for all the world like tiny bird nests.

2010, Michael Kuo, Andy Methven, 32: Cyathus striatus (Hudson) Willdenow: 100 Cool Mushrooms, page 65:

Any of the fungi of the family Nidulariaceae, or of the former order Nidulariales.


cloud ear

Auricularia polytricha, syn. Hirneola polytricha, an edible jelly fungus often used in Asian cooking.


fairy-ring champignon

fairy-ring champignon (plural fairy-ring champignons)

fairy ring champignon
fairy ring champignon#English

Alternative form of fairy ring champignon


Texas root rot

A soil-borne fungus, Phymatotrichopsis omnivora, that attacks the roots of susceptible plants.


blue meanie

Introduced or popularised by the Beatles film Yellow Submarine (1968).
(police officer): An allusion to the colour of their uniforms.

(slang) Panaeolus cyanescens, a kind of magic mushroom.


strawberries and cream

A dish consisting of strawberries and whipped cream, often served with sugar on top.


hen of the woods

hen of the woods (plural hens of the woods)

(mycology) An edible polypore mushroom, Grifola frondosa


amethyst deceiver

amethyst deceiver (plural amethyst deceivers)

So called because of its bright amethyst coloration, and the fact that it can be difficult to identify.

Laccaria amethystina, a small brightly-coloured edible mushroom.


LBM

lattice Boltzmann method
lattice Boltzmann method#English


frog cheese

This intoxicating fume is caused by introducing into the fumigating lamp a piece of ignited vegetable substance, called puck, puckball, or frog-cheese, or, most commonly, fuzzball.

1835, Thomas Nutt, Humanity to honey-bees: or, practical directions for the management of honey bees upon an improved and humane plan, by which the lives of bees may be preserved, and abundance of honey of a superior quality may be obtained, 3rd edition, London: Longman, →OCLC, page 126:


charcoal burner

charcoal burner (plural charcoal burners)

1881, H.L. Brækstad (translator), Round the Yule Log: Norwegian Folk and Fairy Tales, page 308, "The Charcoal-Burner", translation of "Kullbrenneren", Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, in Norske Folke-Eventyr. Ny Samling 1871.
There was once upon a time a charcoal-burner who had a son; and he was also a charcoal-burner.

Coordinate term: limeburner

A person whose job it is to make charcoal, traditionally by carbonizing wood in a charcoal clamp or a kiln.

Here in Canada very few people gather charcoal burners for food, as it is tricky to identify.

An edible European mushroom (Russula cyanoxantha).


woods oyster

My hobby is gathering the spores of some of the most delicious of the wild varieties of mushrooms, such as morels, giant puffballs and woods oysters, then cultivating them.

1958, Journal of Lifetime Living, volume 24, page 15:

Pleurotus ostreatus
Pleurotus ostreatus#Translingual

Synonym of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)


psilocybe

Another psilocybe, cubensis, is less potent than the Liberty Cap, but easier to grow and more popular.

2007 June 3, Dick Teresi, “Do You Believe in Magic?”, in New York Times:


inkcap

The outer ranks of a troop of several hundred fairy inkcaps, Coprinellus disseminatus, encircling a coppiced hazel stool, are already deliquescing into gooey black spore-laden ink that will soon be carried away on the feet of beetles and flies.

2015 September 3, Phil Gates, The Guardian:

Pick an ink cap and you can fry it up and eat it.

2020, Merlin Sheldrake, Entangled Life, page 7:

A fungus of one of the genera Coprinus, Coprinellus or Coprinopsis.

сива копринка

fungus of the genus Coprinus, Coprinellus or Coprinopsis


toothed jelly mushroom

toothed jelly mushroom (plural toothed jelly mushrooms)

Fungi continue their patient, determined work, slowly consuming the cellulose over the years, like the helpful toothed jelly mushroom, a nutrientrich fungus that tastes something like tofu.

2015, Cliff Seruntine, The Wildwood Way: Spiritual Growth in the Heart of Nature, Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN, page 146:

toothed jelly fungus
toothed jelly fungus#English

(mycology) Synonym of toothed jelly fungus


toothed jelly fungus

toothed jelly fungus (plural toothed jelly funguses or toothed jelly fungi)

toothed jelly funguses (plural)
toothed jelly fungi (plural)

I have also seen fallen birch logs hosting toothed jelly fungus and witch's butter, both of which are useful edible fungi.

2015, Cliff Seruntine, The Wildwood Way: Spiritual Growth in the Heart of Nature, Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN, page 48:

Pseudohydnum gelatinosum
Pseudohydnum gelatinosum#Translingual

(mycology) A mushroom, Pseudohydnum gelatinosum, the only member of the genus Pseudohydnum in the order Auriculariales.


jelly tooth

Genus Pseudohydnum The fruiting bodies of Pseudohydnum gelatinosum (jelly tooth) are unusual in that they appear to have features of two very different groups of fungi. The fruiting body itself is jellylike, but its lower surface is covered with short, toothlike white spines on which the hymenium is located.


meadow mushroom

meadow mushroom (plural meadow mushrooms)

Agaricus campestris
Agaricus campestris#Translingual

A commonly eaten mushroom, Agaricus campestris.


molly moocher

(US, West Virginia, dialect) A morel (type of mushroom).


turkey tail

A fatty cut of turkey meat from the pygostyle, popular in the South Pacific.


lead poisoner

Entoloma sinuatum
Entoloma sinuatum#Translingual

The poisonous mushroom Entoloma sinuatum.


artist's conk

A bracket fungus of species Ganoderma applanatum.


Chinese mushroom

Chinese mushroom (plural Chinese mushrooms)

From Chinese + mushroom, from being a commonly encountered type of mushroom in Chinese cuisine.


common brown cup

common brown cup (plural common brown cups)

Peziza phyllogena
Peziza phyllogena#Translingual


white cheese polypore

white cheese polypore (plural white cheese polypores)

Tyromyces chioneus
Tyromyces chioneus#Translingual


purple tooth

purple tooth (countable and uncountable, plural purple teeth)

Trichaptum biforme
Trichaptum biforme#Translingual


suilloid

We calibrated two nodes in the Basidiomycota dataset using fossil data: (i) the Suillinae (Suillus pictus, Chroogomphus rutilus and Gomphidius roseus) were calibrated based on a fossil of a Pinaceae-associated suilloid ectomycorrhiza (~50 mya) [37 ]; (ii) the Tricholomatoid clade (represented by Panellus stipticus and Pleurotopsis longinqua) was calibrated using a fossil Archaeomarasmius leggetti (~90 mya) from mid-Cretaceous amber [38 ].

2016 January 21, “On the Evolutionary History of Uleiella chilensis, a Smut Fungus Parasite of Araucaria araucana in South America: Uleiellales ord. nov. in Ustilaginomycetes”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:


ghost fungus

Omphalotus nidiformis, a gilled basidiomycete mushroom with bioluminescent properties, found mainly in Australia.


sulphur shelf

A species of bracket fungus, Laetiporus sulphureus, found in Europe and North America.


tippler's bane

So called because it is poisonous when consumed with alcohol.


parasol mushroom

parasol mushroom (plural parasol mushrooms)

Macrolepiota procera
Macrolepiota procera#Translingual

Macrolepiota procera (syn. Lepiota procera, a basidiomycete fungus with a large, prominent fruiting body resembling a parasol.


shimeji

Shimejis are little characters (desktop buddies or mascots) who play around in your windows of Google Chrome (web browser) or Chrome OS, while you are browsing the internet. Pick up a shimeji with the mouse pointer, drag them around, and drop them where you want. They walk, crawl, and climb all over your screen and interact with elements on web pages.

2017 August 7, Jarno Le Conté, Shimeji Browser Extension, archived from the original on 2017-08-26:

HoloCouncil Shimejis are your desktop companions […] that moves^([sic – meaning move]) around your screen. Aside from walking and running around, they do all sorts of things that aren't too distracting for you. They're mostly just there to chill and vibe with you!

2023 September 13 (last accessed), Akkanen, “HoloCouncil Shimejis”, in itch.io, archived from the original on 2023-04-03:

i want that one zombie max shimeji so bad but im embarrassed to ask the artist for it after 4 damn years

2023 September 13, @ambrpricefield, “Archived copy”, in Twitter, archived from the original on 2023-09-13:

(software) An animated figure created by a computer program which walks around the screen and performs animations like waving or sitting on windows.


mushrump

Bozzacchio, an acorne. Also a puffe or mushrump full of dust.

1598, John Florio, “Mushrump”, in A Worlde of Words, or Most Copious, and Exact Dictionarie in Italian and English, […], London: […] Arnold Hatfield for Edw[ard] Blount, →OCLC, page 47:

[…] you, whose pastime / Is to make midnight-Mushrumps, that reioyce / To heare the solemne Curfewe […]

1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

[M]en, if Fame ſay true, / Here at the firſt from ſhower-rayſd muſhrumps grew, […]

1626, Ovid, “The Seuenth Booke”, in George Sandys, transl., Ovid’s Metamorphosis Englished […], London: […] William Stansby, →OCLC, page 136:


witch's hat

From their conical shape, resembling the hats that witches are popularly believed to have worn.

Hygrocybe conica, a small mushroom of the waxcap genus found in North America and Northern Europe.

The applicant may need to reserve the parking spaces by the placement of witches hats or by arranging with businesses/clients on the day.

2018 January 7, “Standard Conditions for On-street (Temporary) Parking Permit”, in City of Newcastle^(https://newcastle.nsw.gov.au/getattachment/Council/Forms-Publications/Forms/Roads-On-Street-(temporary)-Parking-Application-Fo/Standard-Conditions-for-on-street-temp-parking-permit-2018.pdf.aspx?lang=en-AU):

Killara residents are fed up with picking up fallen witches hats on Stanhope Road.

2017 April 6, Rebecca Parish, “No agencies own up as Killara locals search for witches hats owner”, in The Daily Telegraph:

The test is conducted over a 20 metre course marked with lines or witches hats, with applicants running continuously between the points.

2022 December 28 (last accessed), “Multi-stage fitness”, in NSW Police:

Tessie had a witch's hat and that made Noddy laugh. "You'll never look bad enough to be a witch!" he said.

1995, Andrew Geeson, Noddy Annual, Egmont Books, →ISBN, page 51:

"Right here," said Lizzie, who had a witch's hat perched on her head. Underneath it she wore a loose black sweater, a long, tattered black skirt, black patterned hose, and ankle-high black boots.

2010, Jennifer Weiner, Fly Away Home, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN, page 332:

Immediately Victoria took off her headband that had a witch's hat on it and gave it to the girl. “Now you are a proper witch,” she said. The girl smiled and went out trunk or treating.

2017, Cynthia Staton, Life Lived Not Lost: A Journey of Hope, Morgan James Publishing, →ISBN, page 69:


horse mushroom

Agaricus arvensis (species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae).


inky cap

The mushroom Coprinopsis atramentaria, edible but poisonous when consumed with alcohol.


boletic

Its shady recesses would then harbor that special boletic reek which makes a Russian’s nostrils dilate— a dark, dank, satisfying blend of damp moss, rich earth, rotting leaves.

1947, Vladimir Nabokov, Speak, Memory (1979 Paragon paperback), page 47

I inhaled deeply the dank, boletic smell around the woody fungus.

1989, David Michaelis, Boy, Girl, Boy, Girl, page 164:

It was the dank smell of the earth turning leaves and needles to rich soil, a beautiful rotting boletic smell that meant mushrooms.

2016, Gina Ochsner, The Hidden Letters of Velta B., page 90:

Relating to, derived from, or characteristic of mushrooms of the genus Boletus.


candy cap

Any of various edible fungi in the genus Lactarius (the milk-caps), prized for their sweet taste.


hare's ear

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hare's ear.wav

From Middle English harys eere, haris heere, hares eres, equivalent to hare's + ear.

Any of various plants in the genus Bupleurum.


padstool

From Middle English padstol, paddestol, padestol, equivalent to pad (“toad”) + stool. Cognate with Dutch paddestoel (“toadstool”).


St. George's mushroom

St. George's mushroom (plural St. George's mushrooms)

After St. George's Day (April 23), which is around when it usually fruits in the UK.

An edible mushroom found in Europe, Calocybe gambosa.


coprinoid

Any fungus of the genus Coprinus or any mushroom produced by such a fungus


nameko

Pholiota microspora; a type of edible mushroom used in Japanese cookery


beefsteak mushroom

beefsteak mushroom (plural beefsteak mushrooms)

From beefsteak + mushroom.
From being a fungus that looks like a steak of beef.

Gyromitra esculenta (a potentially fatally poisonous fungus that is a delicacy)

Fistulina hepatica

beefsteak polypore, ox tongue, ox tongue fungus, ox tongue mushroom, ox tongue polypore


mushie

He grabbed a box of mushrooms away from a lady who was crowding past him to look out the window […] and the lady screamed, “Give me back my mushies!”

“I'd like sausage, eggs, bacon, toms, mushies, beans – oh, and some fried bread,” said Mike.

2009, Mark Penny, Jonathan Penny, The Golden Pig, page 160:


pixie-stool

(UK, dialect, archaic) A toadstool or mushroom.


teonanacatl

The psychedelic mushroom Psilocybe mexicana.


wood hedgehog

Hydnum repandum
Hydnum repandum#Translingual

An edible mushroom of species Hydnum repandum.


shaggy mane

Synonym of lawyer's wig (“edible mushroom”)


shaggy inkcap

Synonym of lawyer's wig (“edible mushroom”) (Coprinus comatus)


king trumpet mushroom

king trumpet mushroom (plural king trumpet mushrooms)

From its large size and trumpet-like shape.


paddock-stool

From Middle English paddocstol, paddok stule; equivalent to paddock (“frog; toad”) + stool.

The toad was popularly thought to impersonate the devil; and the toad-stool, pixie stool, or paddock stool was believed to spring from the devil's droppings.

1897, William Thomas Fernie, Herbal Simples Approved for Modern Uses of Cure, page 373:

I asked an old woman in the fields this morning, pointing to a cluster of what we in the north-east corner call paddock-stools, and sometimes fairy-stools.

1911, Joseph Campbell, Mearing Stones: Leaves from My Note-book on Tramp in Donegal:

Sometimes, when Jack happened to be in a humorous frame, he would seat himself at the bottom of the sea on one of the brain-corals, as if he were seated on a large paddock-stool, and then make faces at me, in order, if possible, to make me laugh under water.

2010, R. M. Ballantyne, The Coral Island: A Tale of the Pacific Ocean, page 46:


saffron milk cap

saffron milk cap (plural saffron milk caps)

Saffron milk cap has brittle flesh which, when broken, exudes a saffron coloured milk which quickly turns to orange and emits an acid odour. The fungus is edible but not as delicious as its name might imply.

1976, The Gardener's Diary, Macmillan, →OCLC, page 271:

Lactarius deliciosus, an edible mushroom native to Europe.


bay bolete

An edible, pored mushroom (Imleria badia), found in Europe and North America.


bitter bolete

Any fungus of species Tylopilus felleus.


cup fungus

From cup + fungus, from its natural cup-like shape.

Any of the family Pezizaceae of ascomycotic fungi that tend to grow in the shape of a cup.


mesima

Phellinus linteus, a species of mushroom.


shrump

I bend down to peek at the shrump Starwood identified. From the top it looks ordinary enough, but from the side, I can see a fruiting body is pushing out of the ground.

2023 March 19, Katharine Gammon, “Shroom boom: the hunt is on as California rains fuel a mushroom explosion”, in Katharine Viner, editor, The Guardian, London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-08-10:

(mycology slang) A pile of leaves with a mushroom underneath.


rollrim

A mushroom with a round, folded-over cap-edge, as those of the genus Paxillus.


conecap

A mushroom of the genus Conocybe or the related genus Pholiotina (which was formerly included in Conocybe).


Satan's mushroom

Satan's mushroom (plural Satan's mushrooms)


Satan's bolete

The poisonous mushroom Rubroboletus satanas.


devil's fingers

devil's fingers pl (normally plural, singular devil's finger)

In Ireland, and elsewhere, there exists a common species of starfish known as the “devil’s hands,” or the “devil’s fingers,” and children have a superstitious dread of touching them.

1876, George L. Austin, “Poetical Zoölogy”, in Appleton’s Journal, page 144:

Its peculiar shape has gained the starfish many names even round the coasts of Great Britain, such as “crossfish,” “sunfish,” “old five fingers,” “five-fingered Jack,” “cramps,” and “devil’s hand” or “devil’s fingers.”

1902, F. Martin Duncan, “The Artful Starfish”, in The Royal Magazine, volume 10, page 327:

(archaic or rare) A starfish, especially Asterias rubens.

I removed the underside of the crab called its apron. I opened it up and removed the gills or “devil’s fingers.” And I removed its eyes and mouth.

1992 June 21, Rob Kasper, “To cut, or not to cut, the mustard”, in The Sun, Baltimore, Maryland, page 1G:

Next, remove the apron from the underside of the crab. Finally, Curtis says, you’ll need to lift up each side of the shell and remove the gills or the “devil’s fingers.”

2001 June 6, Patricia Talorico, “Just forget that it’s a whole crab; take a bite and enjoy that flavor”, in The News Journal, Wilmington, Delaware, page D1:

Once the shell is off, the crab’s gills or lungs, variously called “devil’s fingers” or “dead men” are exposed. These are gray-white, feathery-looking parts that are inedible and must be scraped off and thrown away.

2007 August 3, John Geiser, “Take rusties over jimmies when hunting for good-eatin’ crabs”, in Asbury Park Press, Asbury Park, New Jersey:

(informal, US) The gills of various species of crabs.

In North America, and increasingly in gardens in southern England, the bizarre Devil’s Fingers, Clathrus archeri, is enlivening our autumns. The first sign of it is usually a horrible stink like rotten meat. A little poking around in the shrubbery should reveal its science fiction-like body, resembling slimy scarlet tentacles emerging from a half-buried egg.

2006 October 21, Peter Marren, “Day of the fungi”, in The Daily Telegraph, page 15:

Specimens of the aptly named devil’s fingers and the coral-like hazel gloves were spotted nestling in the undergrowth at Devon Wildlife Trust sites.

2014 December 20, “Two rare fungi found on Devon wildlife sites”, in The Western Morning News, Plymouth, England, page 4:

“Devil’s fingers”, also known as Clathrus Archeri, were first spotted in the UK in 1914, and tend to favour moist and shaded areas of wood chips.

2021 September 17, Faith Pring, “Weird fungus known as ‘devil’s fingers’ found in city”, in Derby Evening Telegraph, page 20:

A fungus, Clathrus archeri, featuring pink or white 'arms' erupting from a white ball-like body, with a putrid odor.


column stinkhorn

column stinkhorn (plural column stinkhorns)

Clathrus columnatus, a k a column stinkhorn, arises the same way all stinkhorn fungi do — via a subterranean “egg” that, when mature, sprouts a fruiting body that can appear in a variety of shapes (starburst, squid, basket or wiffle ball, zombie hand, etc., but, in this case, columnlike). The fruiting body, in turn, produces an olive-colored slime and that gut-wrenching, carrionlike stench so attractive to flies.

2010, “Urban Forager: Season of Stinky Cheese Puffs”, in New York Times:

Clathrus columnatus, the scientific name for the column stinkhorn, is a north Florida native which is common to many gulf coast locales. This colorful fungus has also been known by the common name “dead man’s fingers,” among other labels.

2019 April 19, “Colorful ‘dead man’s fingers’ emits foul odor”, in Tallahassee Democrat, page C3:

A fungus, Clathrus columnatus, featuring two to five orange or red vertical columns joined at the top, and a fetid gleba.


octopus stinkhorn

octopus stinkhorn (plural octopus stinkhorns)

There are many types of stinkhorn fungus, including the orange squid or octopus stinkhorn (Clathrus columnatus) that has branched fingers and secretes a brown gooey-looking substance that smells worse than it looks.

2005 December 10, Yvonne Swanson, “Olfactory assault”, in St. Petersburg Times, St. Petersburg, Florida, page 3F:

A walker was stunned after spotting a rare smelly fungus – which is bright pink with “tentacles” and is known as “Octopus Stinkhorn”.

2014 December 27, “Moor walker finds a ‘Octopus Stinkhorn’”, in Western Daily Press, Bristol, page 6:

A native fungus, the Octopus Stinkhorn, or Devil's Fingers, still smells of rotting meat regardless of what it's called.

2016 March 22, “Devil of a fungus in Bush Capital”, in The Canberra Times, page 8:

Meanwhile, a rare octopus stinkhorn or devil's fingertips (Clathus archeri, below right) has popped up at RHS Garden Rosemoor in Devon.

2019 October 20, anonymous author, “Tread softly, for you tread on my mushrooms”, in Country Life, Bath, England, page 25:

A fungus of the genus Clathrus, especially C. archeri, featuring pink or white 'arms' and an odor similar to rotten meat.


stalked puffball

stalked puffball (plural stalked puffballs)


violet root rot

A plant disease caused by the fungus Helicobasidium purpureum.


Caesar's agaric

Caesar's agaric (plural Caesar's agarics)

Caesar's mushroom
Caesar's mushroom#English


jelly ear

Auricularia auricula-judae
Auricularia auricula-judae#Translingual

A particular species of wood ear, Auricularia auricula-judae.


wolf's-fist

From wolf + -'s + fist (“fart”), akin to Lycoperdon.


foxy bolete

The edible mushroom native to Europe, Leccinum vulpinum.


domecap

Any of various mushrooms of the family Lyophyllaceae.


fried chicken mushroom

fried chicken mushroom (plural fried chicken mushrooms)

Lyophyllum decastes, a widespread edible mushroom.


pecan truffle

A species of truffle, Tuber lyonii, native to North America.


hedge witch

* (type of witch): Circa 1990s. From hedge (“boundary”) + witch, where the boundary is that separating this world from the spirit world, which is traversed during hedge riding. Possibly coined or popularised by Rae Beth (1990) Hedge Witch: A Guide to Solitary Witchcraft, London: Robert Hale, →ISBN.
* (fantasy): Circa 1980s. From hedge (“third-rate”) + witch. Compare hedge priest, hedge wizard.

1875, The Gardeners' Chronicle, New Series, Volume 4, page 725,
The common name of the fungus is, as you say, Hedge Witch or Wood Witch; the scientific name is Phallus impudicus.

(mycology) The fungus species Phallus impudicus, a type of stinkhorn.