finochie

The Finochi, or Finochio of the Italians, and which, from a literal Termination generally put to Engliſh Words, I call Finochie, is a Kind of Fennel; which when tied up, and blanched a little, is one of the wholſomeſt Aromaticks that any Body can eat, (but is withal a little two ſtrong for ſome Palates,) yet is in great Requeſt amongſt Valetudinarians, or thoſe who endeavour after Health and long Life.
[…]

1733, Practical Huſbandman and Planter, volume 1, pages 139 and 185

Once a Week, or Fortnight, or thereabout, alſo ought the Gardener to be putting in a few Finochie-Seeds; and to be tranſplanting out thoſe Cauliflore, Brocaulie, Borecaule, and Savoy Plants, with which the Tables of the Curious are to be furniſh’d between Michaelmas and Chriſtmas.

Fennel is a good deal used, in continental Europe, in soups, fish-sauces, garnishes, and salads. It is also considerably used in England, but less with us. The Italians blanch and eat the stalks of one variety called Finochie, like celery.

1868, William Nathaniel White, J. Van Buren, James Camak, Gardening for the South, page 328:


buck rarebit

A Welsh rarebit topped with a poached egg.


Florence fennel

en-noun

Florence fennel (countable and uncountable, plural Florence fennels)

Synonym of finocchio (“fennel cultivar”)


glucose-fructose syrup

glucose-fructose syrup (countable and uncountable, plural glucose-fructose syrups)

High fructose corn syrup
high fructose corn syrup


high-fructose maize syrup

high-fructose maize syrup (countable and uncountable, plural high-fructose maize syrups)


glucose/fructose

2009 "The Canadian Soft Drink Industry"
Glucose/fructose is a generic term for high fructose corn syrup or HFCS

High fructose corn syrup
high fructose corn syrup#English

(Canada, cooking) High fructose corn syrup.


maize syrup

maize syrup (countable and uncountable, plural maize syrups)

I love how sweet maize syrup is.


corn sugar

corn sugar (countable and uncountable, plural corn sugars)

Last week, the industry group applied to the federal government for permission to use a new name for the ingredient on food labels: "corn sugar."

2010, “Corn sugar makers hope you'll but the new name”, in NPR:

The Corn Refiners Association wants to use "corn sugar" as an alternative name for the widely used liquid sweetener currently labeled as high fructose corn syrup on most sodas and packaged foods.

2011, Thomas Watkins, “'Corn sugar' is false advertising, FDA warns”, in Associated Press:

In April, eight leading sugar companies and two trade associations sued six corn processors and a lobbying group, alleging the corn industry is improperly using the term "corn sugar" in advertisements and elsewhere to describe high-fructose corn syrup, a widely used sweetener used in snack foods, condiments, fruit drinks and other products.

2011, Ashby Jones, “'Corn Sugar' Goes On Trial As Suit Debates High-Fructose Corn Syrup”, in The Wall Street Journal:

The Food and Drug Administration has cautioned the corn industry over its use of the term "corn sugar" to describe high fructose corn syrup before the proposed new name has received regulatory approval.

2011, “FDA warns industry over 'corn sugar' label”, in Star Tribune, archived from the original on 2011-09-29:

high fructose corn syrup
high fructose corn syrup

A deceptive term for high fructose corn syrup developed by corn refiners meant to imply sugar.


high fructose corn syrup

high fructose corn syrup (usually uncountable, plural high fructose corn syrups)

In 1982, high fructose corn syrup production amounted to 8.4 billion pounds with a value well in excess of one billion dollars.

Let's take a look at the sweetener used in most soft drinks, high fructose corn syrup.

Sucrose is just as bad as high fructose corn syrup," maintains Dr. Ludwig, an associate professor of pediatrics at Harvard

Not because high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is any worse for you than sugar, but because it is, like many of the other unfamiliar ingredients in packaged

enzymatic processing
enzymatic processing

(chiefly US) A type of corn syrup that has undergone an enzymatic processing to convert some of its glucose into fructose in order to produce a desired sweetness.


underleaf

(obsolete) A prolific kind of cider apple.


Pinot Noir

Pinot Noir (plural Pinots Noirs or Pinot Noirs)

Pinots Noirs (plural)
Pinot Noirs (plural)

From French, literally "black pine (cone)"; see pinot.

A light and fruity wine made from these grapes


stall handler

(horse racing) Someone responsible for manoeuvring the horse between the gates before the start of a race.

pousseur

someone responsible for manoeuvring the horse between the gates


kiabooca

Borrowed from Malay kayu buku (literally “knot/joint wood”).

bor

Pterocarpus indicus
Pterocarpus indicus#Translingual

(archaic) Amboyna wood, the reddish wood taken from burls of Pterocarpus indicus.


knotberry

From knot + berry, because of its knotted stems.

Rubus chamaemorus
Rubus chamaemorus#Translingual

(archaic) The cloudberry, Rubus chamaemorus.


corn roast

(US) An outdoor celebration in which corn is cooked on open fires.


corn whiskey

en-noun

corn whiskey (countable and uncountable, plural corn whiskeys)

(US) A whiskey distilled from a mash made up of not less than 80% corn (maize).


jarnut

Of Scandinavian origin: compare Danish jordnöd.

Bunium bulbocastanum
Bunium bulbocastanum#Translingual


nepeta

1997 October 13, New York: Interior Design ′97, page 79,
NICE DIGS: Tomato tepees, nepeta, strawberries, and herbs in raised beds billow onto the gravel walk; a neat lattice camouflages a propane tank.

2006 Spring, Early Homes, page 42,
The property is now protected by deer fencing, but Nancy spent many years experimenting with plants that are deer resistant, such as lavender, nepeta (catmint), and peonies.

2007 May-June, Old House Interiors, page 103,
TOP. Mirror-image borders in Hampshire, with purple nepeta, carmine-red geraniums, and yellow thalictrum.

(botany) Any plant of the genus Nepeta of flowering plants, including catnip.


banewort

Atropa belladonna
Atropa belladonna#Translingual

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909


kippernut

(archaic) Any of several kinds of earthnut.

Bunium bulbocastanum (black cumin) of the Apiaceae.


egriot

From French aigrette, griotte, formerly agriote. Compare aigre (“sour”).

the cœur-cherry, which inclineth more to white, is sweeter than the red; but the egriot is more sour

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “VI. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:


cutcherry

Borrowed from Tamil கச்சேரி (kaccēri, “office, administrative office”).

bor+

The cutcherry clerks and the police are with him everywhere; higher native officials are often on his side.

1914, George Robert Aberigh-Mackay, Twenty-One Days in India; and, the Teapot Series:

He went to the cutcherry and enrolled himself as a muktear (attorney) and soon the litigants and the magistrates found out how clever he was and he acquired a big practice.

1909, Cecil Henry Bompas, Folklore of the Santal Parganas:

--Since the first edition was published, I have been told by a late officer of the Ceylon Government, that many years ago, what remained of the Dutch records were removed from the record-room of the Colonial Office to the cutcherry of the government agent of the western province: where some of them may still be found.

1860, James Emerson Tennent, Ceylon; an Account of the Island Physical, Historical, and:


sweetroot

en-noun

sweetroot (countable and uncountable, plural sweetroots)

Like other members of this large family, sweetroot presents its tiny flowers in terminal, umbrella-shaped inflorescences that do little to assure us that the plant is not the deadly water hemlock (Cicula douglasii)

1997, Gregory L. Tilford, Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West, Sweetroot, Osmorrhiza occidentalis, page 142:

The plant is sometimes confused with Osmorhiza chilensis (western sweetroot), which often shares the same habitat. However, unlike red baneberry, sweetroot has a strong licorice-like odor.

2009, Ray S. Vizgirdas, Edna M. Rey-Vizgirdas, Wild Plants of the Sierra Nevada, page 64:

western sweet cicely
western sweet cicely#English

western sweetroot
western sweetroot#English

western sweet cicely, western sweetroot (Osmorhiza occidentalis)


marrubium

Any of the genus Marrubium of bitter aromatic plants; horehound.


navelwort

navelwort (countable and uncountable, plural navelworts)

Venus's navelwort

syn. Cotyledon umbilicus; Omphalodes linifolia

Umbilicus rupestris
Umbilicus rupestris#Translingual

Certain plants with features reminiscent of a human navel.

Umbilicus spp., especially Umbilicus rupestris), a European perennial succulent herb with round, peltate leaves with a central depression.

Omphalodes spp., with seeds reminiscent of a navel.

Marsh pennywort, herbs of genera Hydrocotyle or Centella.


hederaceous

en-adj

hederaceous (comparative more hederaceous, superlative most hederaceous)

more hederaceous (comparative)
most hederaceous (superlative)

(rare) Of, pertaining to, or resembling ivy.


redstreak

the Summer and the Winter, the Yellow and the Red , and the more green Redstreak

1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:

A kind of apple with the skin streaked with red and yellow, a favourite English cider apple.


whortle

From Middle English hurtil, hurtle, from Old English horte (“whortleberry”) (plural hortan) but of unknown ultimate origin.

[…] winding to the southward, he stopped his little nag short of the crest, and got off and looked ahead of him, from behind a tump of whortles.

1869, Richard Doddridge Blackmore, Lorna Doone:


elkwood

(US) The soft, spongy wood of Magnolia umbrella.


open-arse

From Middle English open-ers, from Old English openears, corresponding to open + arse, ‘with allusion to the large cavity at the end of the fruit between the persistent calyx lobes’ – OED3.

In several of our counties the same fruit is called an open arse; another of those unluckily belotted travesties of a very properly-expressed original phrase [...].

1837, John Bellenden Kerr, An Essay on the Archaeology of our Popular Phrases and Nursery Rhymes, vol II.1:

On a second reading, prompted by the reproaches of several friends and scholars, I conclude that the pun on medlar, slangily known as ‘an open-arse’, and poperin pear, shape-resembling penis and scrotum, is so forcibly obvious that ‘an open et-caetera’ must here mean ‘an open arse’.

1968, Eric Partridge, Shakespeare's Bawdy, Routledge, published 2002, page 129:


creeping Charlie

Lysimachia nummularia
Lysimachia nummularia#Translingual

Glechoma hederacea
Glechoma hederacea#Translingual

(US) Swedish ivy (Plectranthus verticillatus), in the mint family, a popular houseplant

(US) Pilea nummulariifolia, a houseplant in the nettle family


moonwort

Moonwort is an herb which they say will open locks, and unshoe such horses as tread upon it.

1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society, published 2007, page 194:

A small fern, Botrychium lunaria (lesser moonwort); later, any member of the genus.


cornshuck

(US, colloquial) The husk covering an ear of Indian corn.


mint chocolate chip

As exemplified by a peppermint patty or a bowl of mint chocolate-chip ice cream, mint is the chocolate lover’s herb.

2000, Jerry Traunfeld, The Herbfarm Cookbook, Scribner, →ISBN, page 406:

This cake is an ode to York Peppermint Patties, Andes Mints (swiped from your grandmother’s candy bowl), and mint–chocolate chip ice cream.

2015, Jean Sagendorph, Jessie Sheehan, Icebox Cakes: Recipes for the Coolest Cakes in Town, San Francisco, Calif.: Chronicle Books, →ISBN, page 24:

On the way home, we stopped at Rite Aid so the kids could get their double scoops, though once again they were out of mint chocolate chip.

2020, Marla Jo Fisher, Frumpy Middle-Aged Mom: Dispatches from the Front Lines of Motherhood, Prospect Park Books, →ISBN:

An ice cream flavor with a spearmint or peppermint base and chocolate chips.


use a sledgehammer to crack a nut

en-verb

use a sledgehammer to crack a nut (third-person singular simple present uses a sledgehammer to crack a nut, present participle using a sledgehammer to crack a nut, simple past and past participle used a sledgehammer to crack a nut)

uses a sledgehammer to crack a nut (present singular third-person)
using a sledgehammer to crack a nut (participle present)
used a sledgehammer to crack a nut (participle past)
used a sledgehammer to crack a nut (past)

/ˌjuːz‿ə ˈslɛd͡ʒhæmə tə ˌkɹæk‿ə ˈnʌt/

/ˌjuz‿ə ˈslɛd͡ʒhæmɚ tə ˌkɹæk‿ə ˈnʌt/

En-au-use a sledgehammer to crack a nut.ogg

The analogy dates back to at least the middle of the 19th century: see, for example, this quotation from Levi Carroll Judson’s work Sages and Heroes of the American Revolution (1851): “He at once became the nucleus around which a band of patriots gathered and formed a nut too hard to be cracked by the sledgehammer of monarchy.”

nb...

In Two Parts: Including the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. Two Hundred and Forty Three of the Sages and Heroes are Presented in Due Form: And Many Others are Named Incidentally.

This last mentioned consideration involves the concept in Community law (derived principally from German law) called "proportionality". In plain English it means "You must not use a steam hammer to crack a nut, if a nutcracker would do."

[1983 January 20, Lord Diplock [i.e., Kenneth Diplock, Baron Diplock], Lord of Appeal in Ordinary, House of Lords, “Regina, respondent, and Goldstein, appellant [[1983] 1 W.L.R. 151]”, in The Weekly Law Reports, volume 1, London: Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England and Wales, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 155:

Today, Mr [Anthony] Worthington, an engineer, said: 'Sending three officers over simply to give a warning about kids playing football in the street is like using a sledgehammer to crack a nut.[…]'

2010 September 21, “‘A sledgehammer to crack a nut’: Three police officers and a patrol car rush to … children playing football in the street”, in Daily Mail, London: DMG Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-03-06:

In our view the Public Order Bill is an attempt by the Government to use a sledgehammer to crack a nut. At a time when we should be focusing on rebuilding trust in the police, this Bill risks stoking further mistrust and undermining their vital role in protecting the public.

2022 December 17, Martin Evans, quoting Mike Barton et al., “Law to curb Just Stop Oil protests ‘a sledgehammer to crack a nut’, say ex-police chiefs”, in Chris Evans, editor, The Daily Telegraph, London: Telegraph Media Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-02-18:

(intransitive, Australia, British, New Zealand, idiomatic, informal) To use disproportionate or significantly excessive force to carry out an action; to do something overzealously.

to use disproportionate or significantly excessive force to carry out an action

高射炮打蚊子 (gāoshèpào dǎ wénzi, literally “to use an anti-aircraft gun to hit a mosquito”)

割鸡焉用牛刀 (gējī yān yòng niúdāo, literally “when killing a chicken, why use an ox cleaver?”)

牛鼎烹鸡 (niúdǐngpēngjī, literally “to use a cauldron for a cow to cook a chicken”)

ಗುಬ್ಬಿ ಮೇಲೆ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಾಸ್ತ್ರ (gubbi mēle brahmāstra, literally “to strike a sparrow with the brahmāstra”)

пали́ть из пу́шки по воробья́м impf (palítʹ iz púški po vorobʹjám, literally “to fire a cannon at sparrows”)

పిచ్చుక మీద బ్రహ్మాస్త్రము (piccuka mīda brahmāstramu, literally “to strike a sparrow with the brahmāstra”)

ขี่ช้างจับตั๊กแตน (kìi-cháang-jàp-dták-gà-dtɛɛn, literally “to ride an elephant to catch a grasshopper”)

when your only tool is a hammer, every problem looks like a nail


mangcorn

From Middle English, from Old English mengen (“to mix”). See mingle, and corn.

Even in other parts of the country mangcorn, and rye, not pure wheat, were the chief products.

1910, Henrik Marczali, Hungary in the Eighteenth Century, page 55:

Mangcorn (mixed grains, especially wheat and rye) in 1916, 438,128 tons; in 1917, 395.988 tons; […]

1918, Commerce Reports of the United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, page 1183

Mangcorn is utilized partly as human food, and partly as fodder for cattle, especially for fattening swine, for which purpose it is considered peculiarly adapted.

1923, Norwegian Trade Review, numbers 6-8, page 39:

(obsolete) A mixture of wheat and rye, or other species of grain, sown together as one crop.


natchnee

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana#Translingual

(archaic) An annual grass, Eleusine coracana, native to Africa. It is cultivated in India for grain.


amaracus

Then to the bower they came, / Naked they came to that smooth-swarded bower, / And at their feet the crocus brake like fire, / Violet, amaracus, and asphodel, / Lotos and lilies: and a wind arose, / And overhead the wandering ivy and vine, / This way and that, in many a wild festoon / Ran riot, garlanding the gnarled boughs / With bunch and berry and flower thro' and thro'.

1842, Tennyson, “Oenone”, in The Lady of Shallot and other poems:


ulluco

Ullucus tuberosus, a vegetable of South America with edible roots and leaves.


Gravenstein

Named after a place in Schleswig, Germany.

A variety of autumn apple with deep red or orange streaks.


ammoniacum

From Middle English armoniacum, from Latin ammōniacum, armōniacum.

gum ammoniac, a resin exuded from several species of Ferula.


ohelo

Ohelo Vaccinium reticulatum (and V. peleanum) and kukaenene Coprosma ernodeoides […] are the most important berries in the Nenes' diet, and it is probably from such juicy fruit that much of their water intake comes.

1980, Janet Kear, A. J. Berger, “The Hawaiian Goose or Nene”, in The Hawaiian Goose: An Experiment in Conservation, Calton, Staffordshire: T. & A. D. Poyser, →ISBN; reprinted London: T. & A. D. Poyser, 2010, →ISBN, page 42:

Growing on nearly bare lava flows, the flora includes small relatives of the familiar cranberry: the ohelo carries a bright red, succulent berry that was once a staple item in the diet of the nene, the Hawaiian goose.

2004, Richard [Alan] Fortey, The Earth: An Intimate History, London: HarperCollins, →ISBN; republished London: Folio Society, 2011, →OCLC, page 37:

A small red or yellow berry growing on the shrub Vaccinium reticulatum of volcanic parts of the Hawaiian islands of Hawaii and Maui, or the shrub itself.


ambrose

Stachys semeth to Gesner to be the herbe that we cal in english Ambrose , & I deni not but that it may be a kynde of it. Howe be it I haue sene the true Italian staches, whiche hath narower and whyter leaues then Ambrose hath.

1548, William Turner, The Names of Herbes:

A sweet-scented herb; ambrosia (Dysphania botrys).


snow apple

In color and form the Shiawassee Beauty mostly resembles the Snow apple, but attains a larger size and is more tart, hence better for culinary purposes.

1873, “The Shiawassee Beauty”, in Annual Report of the Secretary of the State Horticultural Society, page 461:

Hundreds of thousands of the snow apple seeds have been planted, giving hundreds of thousands of first-rate exemplar apples with an occasional superman, like the McIntosh red.

1915, Robert Tuttle Morris, Microbes and Men, page 478:

An heirloom variety of apple, with white flesh.


bruisewort

en-noun

bruisewort (usually uncountable, plural bruiseworts)

Any plant supposed to heal bruises, such as soapwort or comfrey.


fistinut

Compare Turkish fıstık / فستق. See pistachio.

The Pistacia mutica (fistinut tree), Cercis siliquastrum, Vitex agnus and othr^([sic]) Mediterranian^([sic]) species of trees are characteristic for the Southern coast of the Crimea, from the Cape Aya to Kisiltash.

1930, Guide-book for the Excursion of the Second International Congress of Soil Science, volume 1, Moscow: Organizing Committee of the Second International Congress of Soil Science, Public Office of the State Planning Committee of the USSR, page 33:


asarabacca

asarabacca (usually uncountable, plural asarabaccas)

Asarum europaeum
Asarum europaeum#Translingual

An acrid herbaceous plant, Asarum europaeum, the leaves and roots of which are emetic and cathartic.


felonwort

From felon + wort, from its supposed efficacy in treating felons ("inflammations around the nail").

Solanum dulcamara
Solanum dulcamara#Translingual

Bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara).


prangos

From the native name in the vicinity of Tibet, northern India, or Pakistan.

(botany) Any of the genus Prangos of umbelliferous plants.


lignum rhodium

/ˈlɪɡnəm ˈɹəʊdɪəm/

From New Latin lignum rhodium (literally “rosy wood”), from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”).

bor

The fragrant wood of several shrubs and trees, especially of species Convolvulus scoparius and Convolvulus floridus (Convolvulaceae) from the Canary Islands, and of the West Indian Amyris balsamifera (Rutaceae).


cornsheller

A machine that separates the kernels of corn from the cob.


fumacious

en-adj

fumacious (comparative more fumacious, superlative most fumacious)

more fumacious (comparative)
most fumacious (superlative)

Rustic females who habitually chew even pitch or spruce-gum are rendered thereby so repulsive that the fancy refuses to pursue the horror farther and imagine it tobacco; and all the charms of the veil and the fan can scarcely reconcile the most fumacious American to the cigarrito of the Spanish fair.


horsemint

en-noun

horsemint (countable and uncountable, plural horsemints)

From Middle English horsmynte, from Old English horsminte, equivalent to horse + mint.

(UK) Wild mint (Mentha sylvestris, now Mentha longifolia).


white-heart

A somewhat heart-shaped cherry with a whitish skin.


fitweed

Eryngium foetidum
Eryngium foetidum#Translingual

Eryngium foetidum, a plant supposed to be a remedy for fits.


yamp

Probably related to yampah, from Shoshone.

An umbelliferous plant, Perideridia gairdneri, native to California, whose tubers were used as food by Native Americans.


brookweed

A small white-flowered herb (Samolus valerandi) usually found in wet places; the water pimpernel.


beetrave

Beta vulgaris
Beta vulgaris#Translingual

(archaic) The common beet, Beta vulgaris.


wholegrain

Best sources lean red meat, poultry, fish, dark green, leafy vegetables and wholegrain cereals.

2009 January 25, By Joanna Hall, “Teen tips for healthy eating”, in Herald Sun:

A cereal grain that contains cereal germ, endosperm, and bran, in contrast to refined grains, which retain only the endosperm.

بُرّ

cereal grain that contains germ, endosperm, and bran


Virgouleuse

From French virgouleuse, from Virgoulée, variant form of Villegoureix, a village in the Limousin province of France. Compare vergaloo.

Charles had stuffed his pockets with virguleus pears from the table and they ate these as they tramped through the streets which were running with the overflow of rain water from the open gutters.

1991, Lawrence Norfolk, Lemprière's Dictionary, Grove Press, published 1999, page 231:


gypsywort

From gypsy + wort. Gypsies were said to stain their skin with its juice.


ironwort

ironwort (usually uncountable, plural ironworts)

A herb of several species in the genus Sideritis, formerly believed to heal sword cuts.


dulcamarin

(organic chemistry) A glucoside extracted from the bittersweet (Solanum dulcamara).


blackheart

Blackheart malleable cast iron has excellent castability and machinability.

2013, V. B. Bhandari, Introduction to Machine Design, →ISBN, page 49:

A type of malleable cast iron with minimum tensile strength of 350 N/mm².


golding

head

golding (plural goldings or (obsolete) goldinges)

goldings (plural)
goldinges (obsolete plural)

First attested circa 1580; formed as gold + -ing.

(UK, North Midlands dialects) The corn marigold (Glebionis segetum).


cornfloor

"Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as other people: for thou hast gone a whoring from thy God, thou hast loved a reward upon every cornfloor."

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Hosea 9:1:


eryngium

(botany) Any of the genus Eryngium of umbelliferous plants resembling thistles.


diascordium

Medical Latin, from Ancient Greek διὰ σκορδίων (dià skordíōn), from σκόρδιον (skórdion, “scordium”).

uder

διὰ σκορδίων

Laudanum Paracelsi is prescribed in two or three grains, with a dram of diascordium, which Oswald. Crollius commends.

(obsolete, pharmacology) A medicine made from dried herbs, especially Teucrium scordium.


spike lavender

en-noun

spike lavender (usually uncountable, plural spike lavenders)

A strongly aromatic species of lavender, Lavandula latifolia, native to the Mediterranean.


Thai basil

Thai basil (countable and uncountable, plural Thai basils)

A type of sweet basil from Southeast Asia, notable for the anise/tarragon overtones in its flavor, and for the attractive purple color of the leaves and bracts in its flower spikes.


Vietnamese balm

A Southeast Asian herb used in food for its lemon flavor, especially in Vietnamese cuisine, Elsholtzia ciliata


arracacha

arracacha (countable and uncountable, plural arracachas)

Borrowed from Spanish, from Quechua raqacha.

A South American plant grown as a root vegetable, Arracacia xanthorrhiza

lakachu

Arracacia xanthorrhiza, a South American root vegetable


garland chrysanthemum

garland chrysanthemum (plural garland chrysanthemums)

Glebionis coronaria
Glebionis coronaria#Translingual

An herb eaten in Asia as greens, Glebionis coronaria.


lemon basil

lemon basil (countable and uncountable, plural lemon basils)

Any Southeast Asian basil of species Ocimum × citriodorum, notable for the lemon/citrus overtones to its flavor.


chiltoma

From Spanish chiltoma, from Nahuatl [Term?].


santol

Borrowed from Tagalog santol, likely from Malay sentul. Compare Pangasinan pantol.

A tropical Asian tree (Sandoricum koetjape).


bignay

A tree from the Philippines, which bears small, edible fruit in clusters, Antidesma bunius


lucmo

Borrowed from Spanish lúcuma, from Quechua rukma, luqma.

A fruit tree, Pouteria lucuma, from the Andean region of Peru, related to, and often confused with, the canistel.

lucume

a fruit tree, Pouteria lucuma, from the Andean region of Peru


jocote

Borrowed from Spanish jocote, from Classical Nahuatl.


star apple

While Giles had money to waste upon gambling marbles, thanks to his three acres of limes, pawpaw, star apples and melon.

2010, Andrea Levy, The Long Song, Tinder Press (2017), page 302:


water caltrop

An East Asian water plant with a horn-like nut, Trapa bicornis.

water chestnut

but best not used for this plant, to avoid confusion


New Zealand spinach

New Zealand spinach (countable and uncountable, plural New Zealand spinaches)

A plant whose leaves are used as spinach-like greens, Tetragonia tetragonioides


nangka

Artocarpus heterophyllus
Artocarpus heterophyllus#Translingual

(chiefly Philippines) jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)


Pacific blackberry

Pacific blackberry (plural Pacific blackberries)


Pacific dewberry

Pacific dewberry (plural Pacific dewberries)


California dewberry

California dewberry (plural California dewberries)


California blackberry

California blackberry (plural California blackberries)


Chehalem blackberry

Chehalem blackberry (plural Chehalem blackberries)


Santiam berry

California blackberry
California blackberry

A California blackberry and loganberry hybrid berry plant and its fruit

mora santiam

a California blackberry and loganberry hybrid berry plant and its fruit


Armenian blackberry

Armenian blackberry (plural Armenian blackberries)

Himalayan blackberry
Himalayan blackberry#English


Himalayan blackberry

Himalayan blackberry (plural Himalayan blackberries)

Rubus armeniacus, a blackberry species native to West Asia


Douglas berry

Rubus ursinus, a blackberry or dewberry species and its fruit.


Chehalem berry

Chehalem berry (plural Chehalem berries)

Himalayan blackberry
Himalayan blackberry

A Himalayan blackberry and Santiam berry hybrid berry plant and its fruit


Chinese kale

Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra#Translingual

Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra, kailan,: a long, blue-green vegetable with thick, glossy stems and leaves typically eaten in Chinese and particularly Cantonese cooking; gailan.


gailan

Borrowed from Cantonese 芥蘭／芥兰 (gaai3 laan4-2).

For quotations using this term, see Citations:gailan.


Chinese broccoli

Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra, kailan, a long, blue-green vegetable with thick, glossy stems and leaves typically eaten in Chinese and particularly Cantonese cooking; gailan.


corncutter

A machine for cutting up stalks of corn for cattle feed.


Chinese olive

The olive-shaped fruit of a Chinese tree, Canarium album, usually eaten dried or its seed eaten as a nut.


Chinese white pear

Chinese white pear (plural Chinese white pears)


Asian pear

Pyrus pyrifolia
Pyrus pyrifolia#Translingual

A fruit from species of pear from northeastern Asia, known better for their crisp, juicy texture than for their flavor

an apple pear or Chinese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)

a Chinese white pear (Pyrus × bretschneideri)


caimito

Synonym of star apple, a tropical tree and its fruit


apple pear

A fruit of a northeast-Asian species of pear with a crisp, juicy texture and an apple-like shape.


mammee apple

A South American fruit tree, Mammea americana, native to the Caribbean.


ambarella

/ˌæm.bəˈɹɛlə/

/ˌæm.bɚˈɛlə/

Borrowed from Sinhalese ඇඹරැල්ලා (æᵐbarællā).

Spondias dulcis
Spondias dulcis#Translingual

A tropical fruit tree native to the South Pacific (Spondias dulcis).


abiu

A South American tropical fruit tree, Pouteria caimito.


babaco

From Spanish babaco, from Old Tupi wawa'su.

A fruit tree, related to the papaya and native to mountainous areas of Ecuador, Vasconcellea × heilbornii


tan shen

The red sage or Chinese sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza)


bael

From Hindi बेल (bel), from Sanskrit बिल्व (bilva), विल्व (vilva), or बैल्व (bailva).

In the courtyard there were fruit and flowering trees appropriate for the worship of Mahadev, as also a bel tree.

2015, Govardhanram Tripathi, translated by Tridip Suhrud, Sarasvatichandra, Orient Black Swan, page 2:

Aegle marmelos
Aegle marmelos#Translingual

A tropical fruit tree from India, Aegle marmelos.


Oswego tea

Oswego tea (usually uncountable, plural Oswego teas)

Oswego (from an Iroquoian language) + tea.

Monarda didyma
Monarda didyma#Translingual

An American aromatic herb (Monarda didyma) with bright red labiate flowers; also called bee balm or bergamot.


barwood

barwood (countable and uncountable, plural barwoods)

From bar + wood, since it was imported from Africa in bars.

(countable) A tree of species Pterocarpus erinaceus.


henbit

A translation of Middle Low German or Dutch Hoenderbeet, from the name Almaignes Hoenderbeet.

Lamium amplexicaule, an annual plant with pink or purple flowers and deeply crenate leaves.

Henbit (disambiguation)
Lamium amplexicaule


porret

From Middle English poret, from Old French por(r)et, porete, from Medieval Latin porretum. See porraceous.

Why garlic, molyes, and porrets have white roots, deep green leaves, and black seeds?

1650, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC:


pipeweed

putki

any of a number of plants having thin and straight stems resembling pipes

The ſtories told by one and another of theſe adventurers, had made a deep impreſſion on the mind of VValter Pipevveed, one of John [Bull]'s domeſtics, a fellovv of a roving and projecting diſpoſition, and vvho had learned the art of ſurveying.

[1792, [Jeremy Belknap], “Letter I. Original State of the Forest.—The Adventures of Walter Pipeweed, and Cecilius Peterson.”, in The Foresters, an American Tale: […], Boston, Mass.: […] I. Thomas and E. T. Andrews, […], →OCLC, pages 5–6:

He produced a small leather bag full of tobacco. 'We have heaps of it, […] It was Pippin who found two small barrels, washed up out of some cellar or store-house, I suppose. When we opened them, we found they were filled with this: as fine a pipe-weed as you could wish for, and quite unspoilt.'

1954 November 11, J[ohn] R[onald] R[euel] Tolkien, “Flotsam and Jetsam”, in The Two Towers: Being the Second Part of The Lord of the Rings, 2nd edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Company, published 1965, →ISBN, book III, page 167:

I took the pipe and sniffed. Pipeweed had the aroma of the finest Moroccan Mauve. I inhaled. It was strong stuff.

1969, Michael Kurland, chapter 5, in The Unicorn Girl (The Greenwich Village Trilogy; 2), Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, published 2019, →ISBN, page 62:

Over the dimming fire, the old man tossed him a small box, carved with similar markings. Inside, Amarden found two pouches, one containing ordinary pipeweed. The other pouch was gray, ahd a silver string to draw it shut, and contained a fine silvery substance. […] "What is this?" / "Pipeweed, of course!" he said from between teeth clenching his pipe. / "It looks like silver dust."

2010, Arnan Heyden, “The Powers that Be”, in Daughters of Agendale: The Legend of Eloeen, Maitland, Fla.: Xulon Press, →ISBN, page 38:

(smoking) Tobacco prepared for smoking in a pipe; also, the leaves of herbs or other plants prepared for such use.

pijpkruid

tobacco prepared for smoking in a pipe; leaves of herbs or other plants prepared for such use

Native American
Native American#Adjective

Any of a number of plants having thin and straight stems resembling pipes, often hollow or lacking branches.

(specifically, US) The desert trumpet (Eriogonum inflatum) which has a straight stem with a swollen portion; formerly some Native American tribes in the Las Vegas Valley area turned such stems into pipes for smoking by removing the stem at the base and cutting the swollen portion in half to serve as a bowl.

Fistulária […] Pipe-vveed; ſo called becauſe its ſtalk is hollovv.

1797, W[illiam] Turton, “Fistulária”, in A Medical Glossary: […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, page 332:

The redrattle (Pedicularis flammea), a parasitic plant having hollow stems.


pityroid

en-adj

pityroid (comparative more pityroid, superlative most pityroid)

more pityroid (comparative)
most pityroid (superlative)

From Ancient Greek πίτυρον (píturon, “bran”) + -oid.

The ointment may also be applied drugs about whose ultimate destiny in the in pityroid and seborrhoic alopecia

Having the form of, or resembling, bran.


bitterweed

Any plant in the genus Ambrosia, especially Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed).


tunhoof

From Middle English tun-hōve, from Old English tūnhōfe from tūn + hōfe (“ground ivy”).

Glechoma hederacea
Glechoma hederacea#Translingual


sauvignon

Any of several grape varieties and associated wines originally from France


winter squash

So called because they are typically harvested in autumn/fall to be stored during winter.

Cucurbita maxima
Cucurbita maxima#Translingual

Any of numerous cultivars of four species of summer-growing vegetable of the genus Cucurbita

Cucurbita moschata
Cucurbita moschata#Translingual

Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita pepo#Translingual


frisée

en-noun

frisée (countable and uncountable, plural frisées)

Curly endive, a variety of endive, Cichorium endivia var. crispum.


cow parsnip

Any umbelliferous plant of genus Heracleum.


sorb apple

Sorbus domestica
Sorbus domestica#Translingual

A European fruit tree, Sorbus domestica, also called the service tree


bullwort

Bullwort is a difficult-to-control weed: in cereals, only sulfonylureas are effective.

2017, Michel Beckert, Yves Dessaux, Effects of Herbicide-Tolerant Crop Cultivation:


May Duke

Corruption of Médoc, the province in France where it is supposed to have originated.

Prunus cerasus
Prunus cerasus#Translingual

A large dark-red variety of cherry, cross between Prunus avium and Prunus cerasus.


amelcorn

From German Amelkorn: compare Middle High German amel, amer (“spelt”) and Latin amylum (“starch”), from Ancient Greek ἄμυλον (ámulon).

Triticum spelta
Triticum spelta#Translingual


thoroughwax

An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum rotundifolium) with perfoliate leaves.


bupleurum

Any of the genus Bupleurum of apiaceous plants.


hartwort

hartwort (usually uncountable, plural hartworts)

Tordylium maximum
Tordylium maximum#Translingual

A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium maximum) or any plant of genus Tordylium.


nicker nut

(archaic) The rounded seed of the nicker tree.


lady's cushion

lady's cushion (plural ladies' cushions)

A herb, the thrift (Armeria maritima) that grows in dense tufts.


alkekengi

Through French alkékenge, Spanish alquequenje, from Arabic كَاكَنْج (kākanj).


Guatemala grass

Guatemala grass (countable and uncountable, plural Guatemala grasses)

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909


catchweight

They'll break from the gate in full tack with jockeys riding catchweight in silks.

1976 December 3, “Oldtimers race is well received”, in El Paso Herald-Post:

to ride catchweight

(horse racing) Without any weight restrictions; without being handicapped.


calambac

Borrowed from French calambac, from Malay kalambaq (“a kind of fragrant wood”).


olusatrum

From Latin holusatrum, olusatrum, from olus (“garden herb”) + ater (“black”).

(archaic) An umbelliferous plant, the common alexanders, found in Western Europe (Smyrnium olusatrum).


chess-apple

Sorbus torminalis
Sorbus torminalis#Translingual

(archaic) The wild service tree of Europe (Sorbus torminalis).


eryngo

en-noun

eryngo (countable and uncountable, plural eryngos or eryngoes)

Ultimately from Latin ēryngion, from Ancient Greek ἠρύγγιον (ērúngion), from ἤρυγγος (ḗrungos).

For some ordinary broths made of Eringos or Sea-Holme, and Burstwort, which twice or thrice I have swallowed downe at the request of some Ladies, who, more kindely then my disease is unkind, offred me the moity of theirs, have equally seemed unto me as easie to take as unprofitable in operation.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, translated by John Florio, Essays, III.13:

Any other plant of the same genus, Eryngium.


spicewood

Lindera benzoin
Lindera benzoin#Translingual

An American shrub, the spicebush (Lindera benzoin), whose bark has a citrusy taste and odor.


interspecific plum

interspecific plum (plural interspecific plums)

A pluot or any of the other experimental or proprietary plum-apricot hybrid plants and their fruit.


peacotum

A blend of peach, apricot, and plum. A trademark.

A hybrid species of peach, apricot, and plum lineage.


pinder

Via Gullah from Kongo mpinda (“peanut”), also borrowed in Dutch as pinda.

(US, dialectal, especially Southern US) A peanut, the nut-like pod containing the edible seed(s) of a leguminous plant.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea#Translingual

(US, dialectal, especially Southern US) The plant, Arachis hypogaea, that bears peanuts.


pinder

From Middle English pindere, pyndere, pundere, pendere, from Old English *pyndere, from Old English pyndan (“pen up”), from pund (“pound, enclosure”). Equivalent to pend (“to pen”) + -er.

(obsolete) One who impounds; a poundkeeper.


mustaiba

Mustaiba, from the Brazils and Rio Janeiro, is imported in logs 7 by 10 in., and also in planks; it is generally of an inferior rosewood character but harder, and is sometimes equally good;

1843, John Forbes Royle, Descriptive Catalogue of the Woods Commonly Employed in this Country for the Mechanical and Ornamental Arts:

King-wood, Maracaybo wood, and Mustaiba wood, all imported from Brazil, and Nicaragua wood from Central America, are of unknown botanical origin.

1871, Robert Main Admiralty, A manual of scientific enquiry, page 391:

Amongst some of the rarer and more beautifully marked woods, used in small quantities, are the following: Mustaiba, Peruvian, Rosetta, Palmyra, Pheasant Wood, Snakewood, Partridge Wood, Purple Wood, Yacca Wood, Princes Wood.

1899, Frederick Litchfield, Illustrated History of Furniture, page 262:

There are some remarkable instances of specialization - Mustaiba, for instance, was imported for the manufacture of the handles of flaziers' knives at Sheffield, Padauk for piano-cases, and Jarrah for London pavements.

1976 July, Barbara Strang, “The Influence of International Trade on the English Language”, in Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, page 433:

A close-grained, heavy wood from Brazil, used in turning, for making the handles of tools, etc.


cavendish

Possibly from the name of the original manufacturer.

"But the managers seem inclined to cut their cavendish very fine just at present," she said.

1919, Richard Harding Davis, The Exiles and Other Stories:

No man less; only he (not Vieuxbois, but his younger brother) has found a wide-awake cooler than an iron kettle, and travels by rail when he is at home; and when he was in the Crimea, rode a shaggy pony, and smoked cavendish all through the battle of Inkermann." "

1901, Charles Kingsley, Two Years Ago, Volume I:

Then burn equal parts of cavendish tobacco and old shoeleather in an iron vessel till charred.

1896, anonymous author, The Ladies Book of Useful Information:

It was always an augury of foul weather in Livingstone's temper when, instead of the decent evening cigar, he smoked the short black brule-gueule, loaded to the muzzle with cavendish.

1868, George A. Lawrence, Guy Livingstone;:

Come, I'll trate ye to a taste o' me cavendish, which is better than growlin' in yer hammock at the muskaities, poor things, as don't know no better."

Leaf tobacco softened, sweetened, and pressed into plugs or cakes.


santalum

From Medieval Latin sandalum, santalum. See sandal.

(botany) Any of the genus Santalum of trees with entire opposite leaves and small apetalous flowers.


cocoyam

From coco + yam, because old cocoyam was planted in coconut groves and resembled yams. New cocoyam was so named because it resembled old cocoyam.

Ampesi, intensely flavored stews or soups, are eaten with fufu, a firm, starchy dumpling made from plantains or cocoyam.

2007 March 30, “Street Level”, in Chicago Reader:

Xanthosoma sagittifolium
Xanthosoma sagittifolium#Translingual

New cocoyam: Xanthosoma, particularly Xanthosoma sagittifolium, or the edible root of that plant; malanga.


seek-no-further

Any of a number of kinds of North American apples, such as the Rambo apple or the Westfield Seek-No-Further


skirret

skirret (countable and uncountable, plural skirrets)

From Dutch suikerwortel (literally “sugar-root”).

der

An umbelliferous plant (Sium sisarum), cultivated for its sweet edible tuberous roots.


reinette

Coordinate term: pippin

Make choice of some small reinette apples, pare them, and prick them thoroughly with a coarse needle to render them as absorbent as possible; put them into a jar to stand inside a saucepan of boiling water, […]

1865, Georgiana Hill, How to Cook Apples: Shown in a Hundred Different Ways of Dressing that Fruit, page 48:

Then a flameproof casserole dish–preferably the flat type peculiar to Normandy–should be lined with sliced apple and onion. Reinette apples are supposed to be the best.

2011, Michael Bond, Monsieur Pamplemousse Hits the Headlines, Allison & Busby, →ISBN:

Any of various kinds of apple, mostly of French origin, characterized by russeting.


potatoe

Mr. Hyett submitted to the meeting the following account of a series of experiments which he had tried upon the cultivation of the potatoe during the season just ended[…]

1842, William Henry Hyett, “Experiments on the growth of the Potatoe”, in Journal of the Farmers' Club:

The Potatoe now in use, (Solanum tuberosum,) was brought to England by the Colonists sent out by Sir Walter Raleigh[…]

1846, Charles Palfray Bosson, chapter I, in Observations on the Potatoe, and a Remedy for the Potatoe Plague, page 3:

The potatoe plant in a state of health contains several ingredients, the most important of which are starch, albumen, and solanine.

1846, Alfred Smee, chapter III, in The potatoe plant, its uses and properties: together with the cause of the present malady, page 33:

On Tuesday, the 7th of August, about six, P.M., I was summoned to attend Miss M. E. H., aged 14, the messenger stating she had eaten the berries of the potatoe plant, portions of which she showed me.

1859 September 3, Thomas Morris, “Case of poisoning by potatoe-berries”, in British Medical Journal, →DOI, page 719:


multiplier onion

en-noun

multiplier onion (plural multiplier onions)


potato onion

A variety of onion, similar to the shallot but producing larger bulbs.


anchovy pear

A fruit, similar to mango in taste, from this tree


shampoo ginger

shampoo ginger (countable and uncountable, plural shampoo gingers)

Zingiber zerumbet
Zingiber zerumbet#Translingual

An Asian and Polynesian plant related to ginger, Zingiber zerumbet, whose inflorescence contains a substance used as a shampoo.


sicklewort

Prunella vulgaris
Prunella vulgaris#Translingual


alehoof

From Middle English ale-hōve from ale (it was used in beer and ale before the introduction of hops) + hōve (“ground-ivy”) (from Old English hōfe (“ground-ivy”)).


Chasselas

Named after a village in France, Chasselas, Saône-et-Loire


shellbark

A hickory of species (Carya laciniosa), wihh outer bark loose and peeling.


hen's-foot

An umbelliferous plant, Caucalis platycarpos.


baldmoney

Apparently a corruption of Latin valdē bona (“very good”) (a plant mentioned in Leonhart Fuchs's Great Herbal). Earliest forms seem to come from an intermediate, unattested French form baudemoine (modern French baudremoine) and by analogy to the plant name agrimony.

Gentius king of Illyria was the first founder of this herbe, and the first that used it in medicine, for which cause it was called Gentian after his own name: in Greek, γεντιανή, which name also the apothecaries retaine unto this daie, and call it Gentiana: it is named in English Felwoort Gentian; Bitterwoort; Baldmoyne, and Baldmoney.

1597, John Gerard, Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes, Chapter 100: Of Felwoort, or Baldmoney , pages 350–352:

(obsolete) A Gentianeae tribe plant, gentian or felwort.


Polynesian arrowroot

A plant with starchy tubers used like arrowroot, Tacca leontopetaloides


catsfoot

From cat's + foot. For its obsolete figurative sense, see cat's-paw.

It is commonly called […] in English ground Iuie, Alehoofe, Gill creepe by ground, Tunehoofe, and Cats foote.

1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Ground Iuie, or Alefoot”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book II, page 705:

Synonym of ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea).


mad-apple

Because it was once thought to cause various diseases.


pepper sauce

pepper sauce (countable and uncountable, plural pepper sauces)


chili sauce

chili sauce (countable and uncountable, plural chili sauces)


cowish

An umbelliferous plant (Lomatium cous) with edible tuberous roots, found in Oregon, USA.


phasel

From Latin phaselus, phaseolus, from Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “a kind of bean”). Compare French phaséole, faséole, English fesels.

der

(obsolete) The French bean, or kidney bean.


bishop's-wort

Nigella damascena
Nigella damascena#Translingual

fennel flower or devil-in-the-bush (Nigella damascena)


sea fennel

Crithmum maritimum
Crithmum maritimum#Translingual


hognut

(US) A pignut or hickory tree (Carya glabra of family Juglandaceae).

Bunium bulbocastanum
Bunium bulbocastanum#Translingual

Black cumin of family Apiaceae. (Bunium bulbocastanum).

Certain rushpeas, particularly Hoffmannseggia glauca (syn. Hoffmannseggia densiflora) Indian rushpea, of the Fabaceae.


alligator pear

The "alligator" is likely an alteration of Spanish aguacate, perhaps influenced by the similarity in texture between the skin of the fruit and of an alligator.

There was a tree just behind which bore alligator pears, and all about were the cocoa-nuts which gave the land its revenue.

1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 52”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:

(dialectal, now chiefly Caribbean and Southern US, especially Louisiana) An avocado.


cassidony

Compare Latin cassidonium, French cassidoine. See chalcedony.

Lavandula stoechas
Lavandula stoechas#Translingual

goldilocks (Galatella linosyris, syn. Aster linosyris) and perhaps other plants related to the genus Gnaphalium or cudweed.


sea holm

en-noun

sea holm (countable and uncountable, plural sea holms)


spignel

spignel (countable and uncountable, plural spignels)

Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum

Either:
* an alteration of Middle English spigurnel (“unidentified broomlike flowering plant with medicinal uses”) [and other forms], borrowed from Anglo-Norman spigurnel, spigurnelle, and Anglo-Latin spigurnella, further etymology unknown; or
* from spike + nail, because of the shape of its capillary leaves.

nb...

spigernel, spigernell, spigornol, spigurnelle, spikernel, sprigonell, spygernel, spygornoll, spygurnell, spykernell

I would gladly cõſẽt to thẽ yͭ holde yͭ yͤ herbe wich is called of the apothecaries feniculũ tortuoſum⸝ of yͤ Northẽ Engliſhe mẽ ſpiknel⸝ of the Duche mẽ berwurtz⸝ is yͤ true mew, if yͭ I could fynd any ſpicknel or berwurtz yͭ were of ij. cubites hygh. […] [W]here as the Mew of Mattiolus⸝ yͤ berwurtz of Germany & yͤ ſpiknel of Englãd (which peraduẽture was ones called Spiknard) haue a rough thyng like to the Iudiſh Spiknarde in the hygheſt parte of the root⸝ out of whiche the ſtalke cõmeth firſt furth⸝ the mew of Amatus hath yͤ ſame rough tuht lyke Spiknarde⸝ as he writeth in infirma parte⸝ in the loweſt parte of the roote⸝ which thyng if it be ſo⸝ neither Matthiolus nor I know the ryght mew; […]

1562, Wylliam Turner [i.e., William Turner], “Of the Herbe Called Meon or Mew”, in The Second Parte of Guilliam Turners Herball⸝ […], Cologne: […] Arnold Birckman, →OCLC, folio 56, verso:

I would gladly consent to them that hold that the herb which is called of the apothecaries feniculum tortuosum, of the Northern Englishmen spiknel, of the Dutchmen berwurtz, is the true mew, if that I could find any spicknel or berwurtz that were of two cubits high. […] [W]hereas the mew of Matthiolus [Pietro Andrea Mattioli], that berwurtz of Germany and that spiknel of England (which peradventure was once called spikenard) have a rough thing like to the Judish spikenard in the highest part of the root, out of which the stalk cometh first forth, the mew of Amatus [Amatus Lusitanus?] hath the same rough tuft like spikenard, as he writeth in infirma parte, in the lowest part of the root, which thing if it be so, neither Matthiolus nor I know the right mew; […]

The ſhops of the Low countries haue miſcalled it in times paſt by the name of Meum, & vſed it for the right Mew or Spiknell woort.

1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Wilde Parsley”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book II, page 867, column 2:

Meu or Spicknell is not found in Italy, unleſſe it be in ſome Phyſicians garden, and thoſe are very few that ſow or ſet it.

1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XX.] Of Meu, and Fenell, as well Gentle, Named Fœniculum; as Wild, which is Called Hippomarathrum, or Myrsineum: Of Hempe, and Fenell-geant: And of Thistles and Artichoux.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 77:

The Roots of common Spignel do ſpread much and deep in the ground, many ſtrings or branches growing from one Head which is hairy at the top, of a blackiſh brown colour on the outſide and white within, ſmelling well, and of an Aromatical taſt, from whence riſe ſundry long ſtalks of moſt fine cut Leaves like hairs, ſmaller than Dill, ſet thick on both ſides of the Stalks, and of a good ſcent. […] Galen ſaith, The Roots of Spignel are available to provoke Urine and Womans Courſes, but if too much thereof be taken it cauſeth Headach: […]

1652, Nich[olas] Culpeper, “Spignel”, in The English Physitian: Or An Astrologo-physical Discourse of the Vulgar Herbs of This Nation. […], London: […] Peter Cole, […], →OCLC, page 222, column 1:

Mew, Spiknel, wild Dill, an Herb with a Stalk and Leaves like Anis: It is good to expel Wind, and to force Urine; as alſo for Mother-fits, Gripes, &c.

1706, Edward Phillips, compiler, J[ohn] K[ersey the younger], “Meu or Meum”, in The New World of Words: Or, Universal English Dictionary. […], 6th edition, London: […] J. Phillips, […]; N. Rhodes, […]; and J. Taylor, […], →OCLC, column 2:

MEW, the Herb call'd alſo Spikenel and wild Dill.

1726, N[athan] Bailey, “MEW”, in An Universal Etymological English Dictionary: […], 3rd edition, London: […] J. Darby, […], →OCLC, column 1:

The Root ſpreadeth divers long Strings, blackiſh without, like the Meum, or Spicknel, and abideth many Years.

1728, R[ichard] Bradley, “Apium Sylvestre sive Thysselinum. Wild Milk Parsley.”, in Dictionarium Botanicum: Or, A Botanical Dictionary for the Use of the Curious in Husbandry and Gardening. […], volume I, London: […] T. Woodward […], and J. Peele […], →OCLC, column 2:

MEUM, […] Spignel.

1733, Philip Miller, “MEUM”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 2:

Roots are more generally odorous than the stems of plants, which is owing to an essential oil. Thus, ginger, horse radish, valerian, spignel, and sweet cicely, are pungent and aromatic; the root of white hellebore is bitter and nauseous.

[1840], William Rhind, “The Roots of Plants”, in A History of the Vegetable Kingdom; Embracing the Physiology, Classification, and Culture of Plants, […], Glasgow, Edinburgh: Blackie & Son, […], →OCLC, page 18:

The root of the gout-weed (Ægopodium), of the meum or spignel, and of the sea-holly (Eryngium), have all of them been held in esteem for their aromatic stimulant properties.

1854, Spencer Thomson, “A Few Words on the Economic Properties of British Wild Plants”, in Wanderings among the Wild Flowers: How to See and How to Gather Them. […], London: Groombridge & Sons, […], →OCLC, page 306:

[T]he quacks who sell Mithridatic Lovage for Spignel deserve to be shown up.

1947, Charles E[arle] Raven, “William How and Christopher Merret”, in English Naturalists from Neckham to Ray: A Study of the Making of the Modern World, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, →OCLC, part D (The Explorers), page 299:

Croft Muickan […] from Creit Mhuiceann[…], croft of baldmoneys or spignels.

1984, Adam Watson, Elizabeth Allan, “Croft Muickan”, in The Place Names of Upper Deeside, Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, →ISBN, page 65, column 1:

Spignel (Meum athamanticum;[…]) is a characteristic species of many meadows of less fertile sites at higher altitudes.

1989, A. Reif, “The Vegetation of the Fichtelgebirge: Origin, Site Conditions, and Present Status”, in Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Otto L[udwig] Lange, Ram Oren, editors, Forest Decline and Air Pollution: A Study of Spruce (Pica abies) on Acid Soils (Ecological Studies; 77), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, caption of figure 7, page 17:

Furthermore there was a garden, shining with different herbs, / in whose midst there was a limpid spring with fresh / water. With its water it nourished here garlic with spignels, / Cabbage, cress and turnips through an irrigating ditch.

2007, Sylvester Johannis Phrygius, “The Ecloga prima Print”, in Peter Sjökvist, transl., The Early Latin Poetry of Sylvester Johannis Phrygius […] (Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis: Studia Latina Upsaliensia [Journal of Uppsala University: Uppsala Latin Studies]; 31), Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 107, lines 18–20:

You pluck a goose while it yet lives, then you butter and lard it well. A duck will do, but there's more meat on a goose. You set it within a ring of fires, supplied with a bowl of water with salt and spikenel in it.

2015, Penelope Wilcock, chapter 5, in The Beautiful Thread (The Hawk & the Dove Series), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Lion Fiction, Lion Hudson, published 2016, →ISBN, page 140:

The spignel called Athamantic grows lavishly in Macedonia and Spain. In stalk and leaves it resembles the dill, but it is stouter than dill, shooting up to a height of about two cubits, spreading over its roots, which are delicate, horizontal and straight, long, aromatic, and warming the tongue.

2017, Pedanius Dioscorides of Anazarbus, “Book I”, in Lily Y. Beck, transl., De materia medica (Altertumswissenschaftliche Texte und Studien [Classical Texts and Studies]; 38), 3rd edition, Hildesheim, Lower Saxony: Olms Weidmann, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 7:

Mū (spicknel). I never met anyone who knew it and I have never seen a vernacular name for it. I myself think that it is the plant called in the vernacular mwr'nh. […] Mū is an Arabicized form of the Greek μῆον, the name of spicknel (baldmoney; Meum athamanticum Jacq., Apiaceae).

2020, Marwān ibn Janāḥ [i.e., Jonah ibn Janah], “mīm”, in translated by Gerrit Bos and Fabian Käs, edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, Mailyn Lübke, and Guido Mensching, On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs (Kitāb al-Talkhīṣ) (Islamic History and Civilization; 170), volume 2, Leiden, Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, paragraph 561 (folio 511;17–v,8), page 731:

Meum athamanticum
Meum athamanticum#Translingual

Meum athamanticum, an ornamental plant in the Apiaceae family found in mountain areas in Central and Western Europe, with roots and feathery leaves used as food and for medicinal purposes.


muscadel

en-noun

muscadel (countable and uncountable, plural muscadels)

Howbeit, as the beer well sodden in the brewing, and stale, is clear and well coloured as muscadel or malvesey, or rather yellow as the gold noble, as our pot-knights call it, so our ale, which is not at all or very little sodden, and without hops, is more thick, fulsome, and of no such continuance, which are three notable things to be considered in that liquor.

1910, Jean Froissart, Thomas Malory, Raphael Holinshed, Chronicle and Romance (The Harvard Classics Series):

The rich muscadel and malmsey, and the wines of Gascoigne and the Rhine, are no longer quaffed by the abbot and his more honoured guests, but drunk to his destruction by his foes.

1854, William Harrison Ainsworth, The Lancashire Witches:

It was his custom to wash the tobacco in muscadel and grains, and to keep it moist by wrapping it in greased leather, and oiled rags, or by burying it in gravel.

1875, E. R. Billings, Tobacco; Its History, Varieties, Culture, Manufacture and Commerce:

Alternative form of muscatel (“wine or grape”)


sumbal

sumbal (usually uncountable, plural sumbals)


muskroot

Plants of genus Adoxa (moschatel), especially species Adoxa moschatellina, found in most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere.


apple-berry

A vine or low shrub native to Australia, Billardiera scandens in the taxonomic family Pittosporaceae, which bears edible fruits said to taste like stewed apples.


tummelberry

From Tummel + berry, after the river in Scotland.

A hybrid fruit resembling a large raspberry.


ragi

Eleusine coracana
Eleusine coracana#Translingual

A type of grain, Eleusine coracana, cultivated as a cereal in arid areas of Africa and Asia; finger millet.


abrotanum

abrotanum (countable and uncountable, plural abrotanums)

From Medieval Latin, from Latin abrotonum, from Ancient Greek ἀβρότονον (abrótonon, “wormwood, southernwood”).

der

Artemisia abrotanum
Artemisia abrotanum#Translingual

A bushy wormwood from Europe, sometimes used in the brewing of beer, southernwood, Artemisia abrotanum.


hop hornbeam

en-noun

hop hornbeam (countable and uncountable, plural hop hornbeams)

From the resemblance of the fruit to hops. See hornbeam.

Ostrya virginiana
Ostrya virginiana#Translingual

A tree of the species Ostrya virginiana (American hophornbeam).


stoater

El Hakim's party won a mere trifle, but stood what poor Captain Scott was wont to term "a stoater" on Merlin, a good but uncertain horse, who had "lost" him in the trial at home.

1858, The Irish metropolitan magazine, page 117:

Owners back their horses for such “stoaters,” in short distance races, where a start is everything, that, in too many cases, woe betide the backs and pockets of the lads if they do not jump off in a twinkling.

1860, Sporting Magazine - Volume 36, page 306:

When it was known before starting the sum Lord Portsmouth stood on his filly, there was a perfect furore to back her, as a pony would be ' a perfect stoater ' for him ; and his commission, it was understood, considerably exceeded that sum.

1863, Baily's Magazine of Sports & Pastimes - Volume 5, page 96:

(Scotland, Ireland, horse racing) A horse that wins against the odds.


umeboshi

From Japanese 梅干 (umeboshi, “dried plum”).


Urbaniste

The tree was found in the garden of the Urbanistes monastery in Mechelen, Belgium.


Lima wood

The handsome dark wood of the South American tree Caesalpinia echinata.


rye flake

(chiefly in the plural) A rye groat that is cut, cooked and rolled into a flake, used as a breakfast cereal.


beach plum

A tree, Prunus maritima, bearing small plums, found along the US Atlantic coast from Maine to Maryland.


table apple

Any apple cultivar grown for eating raw, rather than for use in cooking or cider-making.


ruddock

From Middle English ruddocke, ruddok, roddok, from Old English rudduc, ruduc (“robin, ruddock”, literally “little red one, red-ling”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -ock (diminutive suffix). The Welsh rhuddog, and Cornish rudhek (“the redbreast”) are probably from the English, although a derivation from a British Celtic *roudākos (< *roudos "red") for all three cannot be ruled out. More at rud.

suffix

(obsolete) A variety of red apple, used for cidermaking.


Indian pipe

en-noun

Indian pipe (countable and uncountable, plural Indian pipes)

A white myco-heterotrophic herb, Monotropa uniflora, of the family Ericaceae.


black cohosh

black cohosh (countable and uncountable, plural black cohoshes)

Actaea racemosa
Actaea racemosa#Translingual

A smooth herb of species Actaea racemosa, marketed for medicinal use.


blue cohosh

blue cohosh (countable and uncountable, plural blue cohoshes)

A perennial American herb (Caulophyllum thalictroides), the root of which is used in medicine.


holly-leaved cherry

holly-leaved cherry (plural holly-leaved cherries)

Prunus ilicifolia
Prunus ilicifolia#Translingual

A species of cherry native to California, Prunus ilicifolia.


lion's ear

Any of various plants with shaggy tomentose leaves

species of Culcitium and Espeletia in Western South America

Leonurus cardiaca and Leonotis nepetifolia, both native to Africa, but grown widely as herbal remedies.


yerba mansa

A fragrant plant, used medicinally, and native to the southern US and northern Mexico, Anemopsis californica.


goutwort

goutwort (usually uncountable, plural goutworts)

Aegopodium podagraria
Aegopodium podagraria#Translingual


lamiaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Lamiaceae of mint and its close relatives.


lion's tail

Leonotis leonurus, a broadleaf evergreen shrub with medicinal and psychoactive properties.


dragon's wort

A calque of Arabic طَرْخُون (ṭarḵūn, “tarragon”).

calque

Artemisia dracunculus
Artemisia dracunculus#Translingual

A perennial herb, tarragon, Artemisia dracunculus.

Dracunculus vulgaris
Dracunculus vulgaris#Translingual

Dracunculus vulgaris, dragon arum, a flowering plant in the arum (Araceae) family.

Bistorta officinalis
Bistorta officinalis#Translingual

Persicaria bistorta
Persicaria bistorta#Translingual

Bistorta officinalis (common bistort, a plant in the knotweed (Polygonaceae) family, once classified as Persicaria bistorta and Polygonum bistorta.

Arisaema dracontium, green dragon, a herbaceous perennial native to North America.


coquilla nut

From Portuguese coquilho, Spanish coquillo, diminutive of coco (“a coconut”).

The fruit of a Brazilian palm tree (Attalea funifera of Martius), whose hard dense shell is used by turners to make ornamental articles.


cammock

en-noun

cammock (countable and uncountable, plural cammocks)

From Middle English cammok (“Ononis repens; Peucedanum officinale; Rhamnus cathartica”), from Old English cammoc.

inh

Scandix pecten-veneris
Scandix pecten-veneris#Translingual


melluco

(archaic) The ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus)


date plum

The fruit of several species of Diospyros, including the American (D. virginiana) and Japanese persimmons (D. kaki) , and the European lotus (D. lotus)


wild rice

en-noun

wild rice (usually uncountable, plural wild rices)

Rice of any of four species of grasses which form the genus Zizania, which have edible grains and edible stems.


bean sprout

(chiefly in the plural) A sprout of any of several other species of bean


yokeag

From Mohegan-Pequot yoakheage, yok'hig, shortening of yok'higan (“(that which is) made soft”), related to Abenaki nokhigan (“flour”) (see nocake) and Quiripi *rōhkhīk (see rokeag).

Tables were arranged inside and the festival was held Wednesday and Thursday and many visitors appeared for the midday meal, clam chowder, oyster stew, succotash and the famous traveling food—yokeag, made of mortars of pepperidge wood. Yokeag was used by hunters and warriors. It was light to carry and nourishing. We have been told that a small quantity was placed in a deerskin sack to be placed at the waist of the warrior or hunter and with water served as a meal.

1995, Melissa Jayne Fawcett [Melissa Tantaquidgeon Zobel], The Lasting of the Mohegans: Part I, The Story of the Wolf People, Uncasville, Conn.: Mohegan Tribe, →OCLC, page 55:

She lingers over the Aquinnahs' continued love of yokeag, the food made from white flint corn that has been parched and pounded—the fine cornmeal the Narragansetts shared with Roger Williams, the same food that Thomas Stanton must have eaten on his long walk to Boston three centuries earlier.

2006, Patricia Klindienst, The Earth Knows My Name: Food, Culture, and Sustainability in the Gardens of Ethnic Americans, Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, →ISBN, page 235:

The Mohegan were farmers and fishermen and they provided vegetables (mostly corn), meat and fish for the [Annual Brush Arbor or Wigwam] Festival. One ceremonial food was "Yokeag." One year old yellow corn kernels were parched and ground to fine meal. Every family had a wooden mortar and stone pestle and the men worked long hours in preparing this. Traditionally it was known as "Traveling Food" and was carried by hunters and warriors.

2014, Gladys Tantaquidgeon, “An Affectionate Portrait of Frank Speck”, in Siobhan Senier, editor, Dawnland Voices: An Anthology of Indigenous Writing from New England, Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, →ISBN, page 584:


old cocoyam

Colocasia esculenta
Colocasia esculenta#Translingual

The cocoyam, Colocasia esculenta, so called to distinguish it from new cocoyam.


new cocoyam

Xanthosoma sagittifolium
Xanthosoma sagittifolium#Translingual

The cocoyam Xanthosoma sagittifolium (or other Xanthosoma), so called to distinguish it from old cocoyam.


chago

The Andean root vegetable mauka (Mirabilis expansa).


ayocote

From Spanish ayocote, from Nahuatl ayocotl.

Phaseolus coccineus
Phaseolus coccineus#Translingual


sops of wine

An old European variety of apple, of a yellow and red colour, shading to deep red.


Niagara grape

Named after the area where they were first grown.

Vitis labrusca
Vitis labrusca#Translingual

A large, juicy, sweet-smelling, green North American grape which has a pleasant, foxy flavour; a variety of Vitis labrusca which is eaten and used in the production of wines, jams, and white grape juice, but which is a poor shipping grape.


Campeachy wood

Campeachy wood (countable and uncountable, plural Campeachy woods)

First exported from Campeche in Yucatan.


cassumunar

A pungent, bitter, aromatic root, Zingiber montanum, resembling ginger, obtained from the East Indies.


stoneroot

Stoneroot is under the dominion of the Moon. It is used with good effect in chronic catarrh of the bladder, (as are other plants mentioned elsewhere,) whites, and weak stomach.

1867, Oliver Phelps Brown, “COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS. Stoneroot.”, in The complete herbalist; or, The people their own physicians by the use of nature's remedies:

Stoneroot is found in moist, shady woods from Maine to Wisconsin, south to Florida and Kansas.

1907, Alice Henkel, American Root Drugs, page 58:

Stoneroot comes from the rhizome (underground stem) and root of Collinsonia canadensis, a member of the Labiatae family. Native to North America, this plant grows wild from Massachusetts and Vermont west to Wisconsin and south to Florida and Arkansas.

2000, Charles W. Fetrow, The Complete Guide To Herbal Medicines, page 525:

Collinsonia canadensis, a perennial medicinal herb in the mint family, with a very hard root.


squaw mint

Hedeoma pulegioides, the American pennyroyal.


skokeberry

Perhaps a half-translation of an Algonquian term for "red berry" (compare Abenaki mkw-, mskw- (“red”)), in reference to the berries' red colour. Alternatively, perhaps a half-translation of an Algonquian term such as Penobscot *skokimin (“snake berry”), in reference to the fact that the plant is poisonous. Compare scoke.

Phytolacca americana
Phytolacca americana#Translingual

(US) A pokeberry; a pokeweed (the plant Phytolacca americana or its dark red or purple fruit).


corinth

From Corinth, the Greek city. Compare currant.

To these some add Corinths plump’d in Milk, or boil’d therein, Sugar, Spice at Discretion, and stirring it all together over the Fire, bake it in a Tart-Pan.

1706, John Evelyn, Silva, Or a Discourse of Forest-trees, page 212:


devil's bread

Conium maculatum
Conium maculatum#Translingual


conium

Any of the species in the genus Conium of poisonous perennial herbaceous flowering plants.


chempedak

chempedak (usually uncountable, plural chempedaks)

A tree of species Artocarpus integer, of southeast Asia, domesticated is Oceania.


tread-softly

Carolina horsenettle
Carolina horsenettle

Solanum carolinense, the Carolina horsenettle.


horsenettle

Any of certain plants in the genus Solanum.


wild bergamot

wild bergamot (usually uncountable, plural wild bergamots)

Monarda fistulosa
Monarda fistulosa#Translingual

An American herb of the mint family, Monarda fistulosa.


Indian potato

Any of several kinds of North American plants with edible, starchy bulbs or other underground structures, such as mariposa lilies, groundnuts, etc., especially

Apios americana (American potato-bean), a terrestrial plant native to eastern North America;

Orogenia spp. (now in Lomatium), a terrestrial plant native to western North America;

Sagittaria latifolia (broadleaf arrowhead, duck potato), an aquatic plant native to North and South America.


yerba santa

From Spanish yerba (“herb”) + santa (“sacred”).

Any of a group of plants native to southwestern North America. Eriodictyon californicum or other species in the genus Eriodictyon, which have traditionally been used medicinally.

Hoja santa, a Central American plant with sweet-scented leaves used to flavor food, Piper auritum.


sybo

From cibol. Compare Scottish Gaelic siobann, siobaid.

the head's taen aff them, as clean as I wad bite it aff a sybo!" rejoined Cuddie.

1851, Walter Scott, chapter 32, in Waverley Novels: Old Mortality, page 772:

A person at whom Inglis had a grudge, was owner of a beautiful garden and flower plot, in which he took great delight, priding himself on the beauty and variety of his flowers and he size and quality of his sybo and carrot beds.

1863, Hawick Archaeological Society, Transactions of the Hawick Archaeological Society, page 98:

Yes; in romantic dew - mountain dew, my respected sir, that could give scent to a sybo.

1868, John Wilson, James Frederick Ferrier, James Hogg, Noctes Ambrosian: Volume 1, page 86:


sebesten

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin sebesten, from Arabic سِبِسْتَان (sibistān), from Persian سگپستان (sag-pestân, literally “dog teat”), from سگ (sag, “dog”) + پستان (pestân, “teat”).

compound

2. Sebesten sylvestris. The wilde Sebesten.
The wild Sebesten is in all things like the other, but that it groweth lower, more like unto a hedge bush, and with lesser and thinner leaves; the flowers and fruit are alike but lesse.

1640, John Parkinson, Theatrum Botanicum, London: Thomas Cotes, page 252:

A medium-sized deciduous tree of species Cordia myxa or, less often, Cordia latifolia, Cordia sebestena, or other species in the genus Cordia, the wood of which is used for furniture and musical instruments.

The mucilaginous drupaceous fruit from these plants, eaten and used medicinally against pectoral diseases, also in a mixture called diasebesten, and for glue.


manna croup

manna + Russian крупа (krupa) or Polish krupa ("groats, grits").

The portions of hard wheat kernels not ground into flour by the millstones: a kind of semolina prepared in Russia and used for puddings, soups, etc.


Japanese aralia

en-noun

Japanese aralia (plural Japanese aralias)

An evergreen shrub, Fatsia japonica, native to Japan.


strip-leaf

(archaic) Tobacco stripped of its stalks before packing.


vinewood

Kindle large fires of vinewood, green laurel, or other green wood.

1901, Herbert Newton Casson, The Crime of Credulity:

He carries a vinewood stick (the mark of a centurion) and his helmet, with the crest placed sideways.

2001, Tom Tierney, Greek and Roman Fashions, page 33:


bae

Syncopic form of babe or baby. Notably, it is sometimes incorrectly linked to the unrelated Danish word bæ (“poop”). Sometimes claimed to derive from "before anyone else", a possible backronym.

And if you actually want to see your bae – you know, like in person – You better set aside some of your refund check to pay for the $26 train ticket to a school that lingers outside of the tri-state area.

2013, "Jack", "Jack & Jill: On High School Relationships", The Torch (St. John's University), Volume 91, Issue 5, 28 August 2013, page 9

Your newsfeed gets clogged with statuses like “Happy Valentine’s Day to my bae! I’ve loved you so much ever since we first met three months, eight days, 11 hours and 27 minutes ago!”

2014, Laken Howard, "Pillow Talk: Let's talk about V-day", The Current (entertainment insert of The Daily Northwestern, Northwestern University), 13 February 2014, page 3

A fresh pic of you and your bae on vacay together? Who wouldn't “like” that?!?

2014, "How Steamy Is Your PDA?", Seventeen, June/July 2014, page 98


filter tip

A section at the mouth end of a cigarette containing porous absorbent materials designed to remove tar.


Chinese bayberry

Chinese bayberry (plural Chinese bayberries)

Morella rubra
Morella rubra#Translingual


yamamomo

From Japanese 山桃 (ヤマモモ, yamamomo), from 山 (yama, “mountain”) + 桃 (momo, “peach”).


Japanese bayberry

Japanese bayberry (plural Japanese bayberries)


Chinese strawberry tree

Chinese strawberry tree (plural Chinese strawberry trees)


aburagiri

/ˌɑ.bə.ɹəˈɡɪ.ɹi/

Borrowed from Japanese 油桐 (アブラギリ, aburagiri), from 油 (あぶら, abura, “oil”) + 桐 (キリ, kiri, “paulownia”).

A large Asian tree, Aleurites moluccana, that produces candlenuts.


Merlot

Merlot (usually uncountable, plural Merlots)

From French, a diminutive of merle (“blackbird”).

A dry red wine of a certain French type, made from Merlot grapes.


bullace

From Middle English bolas, bolace, from Anglo-Norman and Old French beloce, buloce (“sloe”), from Vulgar Latin *bullucea, from Late Latin bulluca (“kind of small fruit”); of Celtic/Gaulish origin, akin to Celtiberian *bullācā, from Proto-Celtic *bullākā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeHw- (“to swell, puff”), itself imitative. Possibly influenced by Latin galla (“oak apple”) with metathesis of the consonants.
See also Spanish bugalla (“oak apple”), Portuguese bugalho, and (the distantly related) Latin bucca.

onomatopoeic

imitative

If he ate bullace tart and bullace pie for a week, he would hardly empty the smallest of the baskets; and then they would begin to go bad. Nothing remained but to give them away, but to whom?

1930, Harold Webber Freeman, Down in the Valley, page 48:

A small European plum (Prunus interstitia, syn. Prunus domestica subsp. insititia).


ground ivy

en-noun

ground ivy (usually uncountable, plural ground ivies)

Glechoma hederacea
Glechoma hederacea#Translingual

Glechoma hederacea, an aromatic, perennial, evergreen creeper of the mint family Lamiaceae.


fonio

There’s a certain magic to fonio, a tiny golden grain believed to be Africa’s oldest cultivated cereal. The ancient grain’s potential to solve pressing modern environmental and economic challenges inspired Pierre Thiam, the Senegalese-born chef, to become fonio’s No 1 champion.

2023 July 6, Maria C. Hunt, “Could an ancient, climate-friendly crop be the future of beer?”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

Digitaria exilis
Digitaria exilis#Translingual

Digitaria exilis, a cereal cultivated in western Africa; white fonio


mazamorra

mazamorra (countable and uncountable, plural mazamorras)

A traditional maize-based pudding or drink of Latin America.


monarda

(botany) Any of the genus Monarda of flowering plants, the bergamots or bee balms.


goya

(Japan) bitter melon (edible fruit, especially as it is eaten by Okinawans)


mentha

From the genus name, Mentha, from Latin mentha (“mint”). Doublet of mint.

Very aromatic; all culinary menthas can be used for sauces, jellies, and candied leaves.

1974, Daniel J. Foley, Herbs for Use and for Delight: An Anthology from The Herbarist, page 89:

In the plots where black peppermint were planted as inter-row crop, there were 4 rows of Citronella or other menthas with alternate rows of black peppermint.

1976, Agriculture and Agro-industries Journal, volume 9, page 19:

(botany) Any of the mint genus Mentha, mints and similar species.


Seckel

The pear originated on a farm near Philadelphia, afterwards owned by a Mr. Seckel.


cherry plum

Prunus cerasifera
Prunus cerasifera#Translingual

Prunus cerasifera, a deciduous ornamental Eurasian shrub or small tree, having white flowers and small red to yellow edible fruits.


canary grass

canary grass (countable and uncountable, plural canary grasses)

Phalaris canariensis, a grass whose seeds are used as birdseed


capulin

From Spanish capulín, from Classical Nahuatl capolin.

The Mexican cherry (Prunus serotina subsp. capuli, once Prunus capollin) and Prunus capuli, that yields a sap used in native remedies and has edible cherries of which the kernels of the pits furnish a flour.

A tropical American tree (Trema micrantha), the bark of which yields a strong fiber

A groundcherry (any of most species of Physalis).

Muntingia calabura
Muntingia calabura#Translingual

A calabur tree (Muntingia calabura, sole species of Muntingia).


bush lawyer

Any of the species of climbing blackberry plants in subgenus Rubus subg. Micranthobatus, found in New Zealand.


cream-fruit

A plant of Sierra Leone (erroneously said to be Strophanthus gratus in early sources) that yields a wholesome, creamy juice.


welshnut

From Middle English walsh-note, from Old English wealhhnutu (“walnut”, literally “Welsh-nut”), equivalent to Welsh + nut.

inh

[…] Our tongues do run, O, / Enough to stun, O, / Your head wi' glee by the welshnut tree.

1879, William Barnes, “The Welshnut Tree”, in Poems of Rural Life in the Dorset Dialect, page 85:

A wife, a whelp and a Welshnut tree / The more you beat 'em, the better they be.

1912, Country Life, volume 31, page 313:

(UK dialects, West Country, Dorset, Somerset, dated) A walnut (nut or tree).


clary

en-noun

clary (countable and uncountable, plural claries)

From Middle English clarie, from Anglo-Norman sclaree, from Late or Medieval Latin sclarēia.


bigaroon

French bigarreau, from bigarré (“variegated”).


bennet

From Middle English *benet (found in Middle English herbe-benet (“hemlock”, literally “blessed plant”)), from Old French benëit, benoit and Latin (herba) benedicta. Doublet of benedict.

cog

The common yellow-flowered avens of Europe (Geum urbanum); herb bennet.


sowens

It was sowens she had in her hand for our supper, when a little old woman walked in and begged a lippie of meal of her.

1860, Thomas Pattieson, “The Smith and the Fairies”, in J[ohn] F[rancis] Campbell, transl., Popular Tales of the West Highlands: Orally Collected: With a Translation, volume II, Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, →OCLC, page 61:

(Scotland) A food item made from the husk of the oat by a process similar to that by which common starch is made; flummery.


honeyberry

Celtis australis
Celtis australis#Translingual

Edible, sweet, dark purple fruit of the deciduous European nettle tree (Celtis australis).


melocoton

Borrowed from Spanish melocotón (“peach tree and its fruit”), from Latin mālum cotōnium (“quince, or quince tree”, literally “apple of Cydonia”).


guajillo

A huajillo, a shrub of species Senegalia berlandieri (syn. Acacia berlandieri).


cubanelle

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

A particular sweet pepper, a cultivar of the species Capsicum annuum.


shishito

A sweet Japanese pepper, a cultivar of the species Capsicum annuum.


millerandage

Millerandage is most commonly caused by cold or bad weather during the flowering stage of the vines. It impairs the quality of wine made from the grapes.

A viticultural problem in which grape bunches contain berries that differ greatly in size and maturity.


dragonhead

From dragon + head, a calque of translingual Dracocephalum.

Dracocephalum moldavica, the type species of the genus.


durmast oak

en-noun

durmast oak (countable and uncountable, plural durmast oaks)

Superficially a compound of durmast + oak, but the origin of durmast is unclear and possibly a result of scribal error. The first edition Oxford English Dictionary suggests that Thomas Martyn's dictionary for gardeners and botanists (1798) originated the word through misreading dun mast ("light-brown acorn"), an interpretation also suggested by some earlier works going back to at least 1836, although a connection to Welsh derw (“oaks”) has also been suggested.

Quercus petraea
Quercus petraea#Translingual

A tree, Quercus petraea, the sessile oak.


angelique

Angelica archangelica
Angelica archangelica#Translingual

A tall plant, with hollow stems, genus Angelica, especially garden angelica (Angelica archangelica).


water spinach

Ipomoea aquatica
Ipomoea aquatica#Translingual

Ipomoea aquatica, a green leafy vegetable used as a food in several cuisines of East and Southeast Asia

ᱠᱷᱚᱲᱚᱝ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ

khôṛôṅ aṛak’


orangelo

Blend of orange + pomelo. Calque of Puerto Rican Spanish chironja, itself a blend of china (“orange”) + toronja (“grapefruit”).

blend

A citrus fruit that is a cross between an orange and a grapefruit.


chilgoza

From Persian چلغوزه (čelğuze), from چهل (čehel, “forty”) + غوزه (ğuze, “nut”).

A pine of species of Pinus gerardiana, native to the northwestern Himalayas.


naranjilla

Solanum quitoense
Solanum quitoense#Translingual

Solanum quitoense, a subtropical perennial plant from northwestern South America.


blue fenugreek

Trigonella caerulea, a variety of fenugreek with blue flowers.


teucrium

From the genus name (New Latin Teucrium).

(botany) Any of the genus Teucrium of lamiaceous plants; a germander.


field corn

en-noun

field corn (usually uncountable, plural field corns)

(US) Any variety of corn (maize) grown primarily for fodder; usually, one with lower sugar content than sweet corn and harvested either to be stored dry (on the cob or off, divorced of the stover) or ensiled along with the stover.


earlywood

earlywood (usually uncountable, plural earlywoods)

wood formed in a tree relatively early in the season


latewood

latewood (usually uncountable, plural latewoods)

wood formed in a tree relatively late in the season


red oak

red oak (countable and uncountable, plural red oaks)

Quercus rubra
Quercus rubra#Translingual

(usually countable) An oak tree with wood of a red tint, with leaves that have pointed lobes, Quercus rubra, native to eastern North America.


argaman

/ˈɑː(ɹ)ɡəmən/

Borrowed from Hebrew אַרְגָּמָן (argaman, “purple, crimson”), from Akkadian 𒅈𒂵𒌋𒌋𒉡 (argamannu, “red-purple”).


Manchurian wild rice

Zizania latifolia
Zizania latifolia#Translingual

A cereal grass that grows mostly in China, whose stem is eaten as a vegetable; Zizania latifolia.


hickory nut

To break the shell of a hickory nut, you needed a hammer and an act of Congress, and even then you needed a screwdriver to get at the meat, which was about as tasty as a clod of limestone.

2018, Tayari Jones, An American Marriage, Oneworld Publications, page 270:

One of the large edible nuts of the hickory tree.


northern wild rice

Wild rice of the species Zizania palustris, native to Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, and Canada north and west of the Great Lakes.


highbush cranberry

en-noun

highbush cranberry (plural highbush cranberries)

Viburnum opulus
Viburnum opulus#Translingual

Viburnum edule
Viburnum edule#Translingual

A shrub in the genus Viburnum having acidic red cranberry-like berries, belonging to the North American species Viburnum trilobum, or to the related species Viburnum opulus (European) or Viburnum edule (North American).


saskatoon blueberry

saskatoon blueberry (plural saskatoon blueberries)


dwarf elder

Sambucus ebulus
Sambucus ebulus#Translingual

A small European herbaceous perennial elder, species Sambucus ebulus.


maoli

I believe that the maoli wahines, with their passion for personal adornment, would not have forgotten the flower seeds, and it was their forethought that enabled them in their adopted home to have the leis of ilima and kou they had been accustomed to wear in Samoa and Tahiti.

1896, All about Hawaii: The Recognized Book of Authentic Information on Hawaii:

Genocide. Flooding the valleys and stripping the limu clean from the rocks Sweeping away the 'opae from the streams the ulu from the land and the maoli from the earth.

1986, Eric Edward Chock, Rodney Morales, Darrell H. Y. Lum, The Best of Bamboo Ridge, the Hawaii Writers' Quarterly, →ISBN, page 51:

This is an important cultural difference of interpretation between London as a haole writer and Sheldon as a maoli writer.

2000, Cynthia G. Franklin, Ruth Hsu, Suzanne Kosanke, Navigating Islands and Continents, →ISBN:

As a woman hoping to “make sense” and potentially revision this most sticky issue from the awareness of a woman, though not necessarily a maoli (native), I would hope that the points that I am bringing up in passing will ...

2008, Wennifer Lin, Birth Art and the Art of Birthing, →ISBN:

Alternative form of Maoli (native Hawaiian)

Kaneiakama's spirit companion instructed him what to do, how to place the sacrificial pig, coconuts, red fish, bananas of the maoli variety and other offerings at the foot of a tree that was entered by one of the male gods.

1971, Catherine C. Summers, Molokai: A Site Survey, page 201:

[He could choose] light-colored varieties of bananas such as the ha'a, iholena, loha, and lele; or dark-colored varieties such as the maoli, kahtki, puhi, koa'e, malei'ula, 'eke'ula, kaualau, popo'ulu, aulena, and others.

1976, Samuel Manaiakalani Kamakau, The works of the people of old, page 38:

This banana resembles the "maoli" in general appearance. Its fruit is shorter and quite large in size.

2003, D. M. Kaaiakamanu, J. K. Akina, Hawaiian Herbs of Medicinal Value, →ISBN, page 67:

A species of very tall, dark green-stemmed banana native to Polynesia, having large bunches of long, round fruits with dark-colored flesh.


Latakia

A strong dark tobacco originally produced in Syria.


peameal

peameal (usually uncountable, plural peameals)


heartnut

The edible seed of a Japanese species of walnut, Juglans ailantifolia.


pili nut

The edible seed of Canarium ovatum, a tree native to the maritime tropics from the edge of Southeast Asia to the edge of Australia.


Malabar chestnut

Malabar chestnut (plural Malabar chestnuts)

The edible seed of a tropical tree, Pachira aquatica, also known as the money tree.


palm nut

Elaeis guineensis
Elaeis guineensis#Translingual

The edible seed of Elaeis guineensis, the oil palm


Bambara groundnut

Bambara groundnut (plural Bambara groundnuts)

The edible seed of an African plant of species Vigna subterranea, which produces its seeds underground, like peanuts.


ginkgo nut

Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba#Translingual

The edible seed of the ginkgo, Ginkgo biloba.


Tahitian chestnut

Tahitian chestnut (plural Tahitian chestnuts)

A tropical tree native from Malaysia across the southern Pacific (Inocarpus fagifer).


kola nut

The local people here believe that kola nut tea -- or as they call it, bissy tea -- is a cure for all ailments.

A newspaper was on his lap as he ruminatively chewed on half a bitter kola nut, which he occasionally dipped into a small bowl of yellow salt that was set beside him.

2005, Helen Oyeyemi, The Icarus Girl, Bloomsbury, page 306:

The edible seed of the kola tree, Cola acuminata and related species, used as a flavoring and as a source of caffeine.


chequer tree

/ˈtʃɛkə ˌtɹiː/

Sorbus torminalis
Sorbus torminalis#Translingual

(Eastern Weald) A tree with edible fruit, Sorbus torminalis, native to central and southern Europe and neighboring parts of Asia and Africa.


tiger nut

Consequently, once established in some African regions, the tiger nut has become a weed that is difficult to eradicate. The fibrous “nuts” may be eaten raw out of hand, but they are usually roasted or cooked and added to soups.

2004, Frederic Rosengarten, Jr., The Book of Edible Nuts, Courier Corporation, →ISBN, page 332:

Cyperus esculentus
Cyperus esculentus#Translingual

(especially in the plural) The edible tuber of chufa (Cyperus esculentus).


wild service tree

wild service tree (plural wild service trees)


pomato

Combinations such as "pomatoes" do not have commercial value now, but investigators hope that closer crosses may.

1983, Water-related Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture in U.S. Arid/semiarid Lands:

A plant produced by grafting a tomato plant and a potato plant, producing cherry tomatoes on the vine and potatoes under the ground.


quequisque

Mongrels all ribcage and droopy jowl barked at his passage; but no one stirred inside the low huts among plots of quequisque and plantain.

1996, Liston Pope, Living Like the Saints: A Novel of Nicaragua, page 188:


poison hemlock

poison hemlock (usually uncountable, plural poison hemlocks)

Conium maculatum
Conium maculatum#Translingual

The European hemlock Conium maculatum, an extremely poisonous plant in the carrot family, Apiaceae.


Chinese parsley

Coriandrum sativum
Coriandrum sativum#Translingual

Coriandrum sativum, coriander (cilantro).


Calabrese

Calabrese (countable and uncountable, plural Calabresi)

From the Italian calabrese (“Calabrian”).

(wine) Nero d’Avola or Sangiovese, varieties of wine grapes.


black nightshade

black nightshade (plural black nightshades)

ኣውጥ

this is also a term for nightshades and winter cherries in general

Solanum nigrum
Solanum nigrum#Translingual

Other similar members of a group of closely-related species from the Solanum nigrum complex:

Solanum americanum (American black nightshade) of much of North America


wild ginger

wild ginger (usually uncountable, plural wild gingers)

Asarum canadense
Asarum canadense#Translingual

Any of the many plants similar to ginger in appearance or aroma.

Any of several species of Asarum, especially Asarum caudatum (British Columbia wildginger), Asarum canadense, and Asarum sieboldi.

Any of the Alpinia species (shell gingers), especially Alpinia caerulea.

Hedychium gardnerianum (kahili ginger, ginger lily)

Siphonochilus aethiopicus (African ginger)


cobette

I'll cook clams, lobsters—hot-and-spicy red potatoes and corn cobettes.

2002, Patricia Hickman, Sandpebbles, page 194:

Processing budgets were completed for these seven frozen products: strawberries, strawberry jam, sliced green beans, cut corn, corn (cobettes), sliced apples, and apple puree.

2006, Progress Report, volume 15, page 54:

Sitting late one night again in a burger bar, where I munched into some fries and a corn cobette, I mentioned my vegetarianism to Joshua and how I just felt a deep-rooted belief it was morally wrong to kill animals for us to eat […]

2011, Rehana Incognito, Bodycage, page 304:

A small portion of corn on the cob, less than the whole ear.


Medjool

A kind of large, moist date (the fruit).


Jamaica ginger

A variety of ginger prepared in Jamaica from the best roots, which are deprived of their epidermis and dried separately.


wild leek

A. tricoccum

ramp, ramps, spring onion, ramson, wood leek, wild garlic

Allium ampeloprasum
Allium ampeloprasum#Translingual

A wild onion native to southern Europe and western Asia, cultivated and consequently naturalized in many other places, Allium ampeloprasum.


Madeira nut

Juglans regia
Juglans regia#Translingual

The European walnut; the nut of Juglans regia.


Chinese celery

Chinese celery (usually uncountable, plural Chinese celeries)

Apium graveolens var. secalinum, a variety of celery with smaller stalks and flavorful leaves, grown in East Asian countries for use in cooking.


bastard pennyroyal

Plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, native to North America and having a pennyroyal-like scent, including:

Trichostema setaceum (Trichostema lineare in older references), also native to the eastern US, which is usually qualified as linear-leaved or narrow bastard pennyroyal.


mountain mint

mountain mint (countable and uncountable, plural mountain mints)

Any plant of the genus Pycnanthemum in the mint family.

Any of several plants in the genus Monardella, native to western North America

A European herb, Clinopodium nepeta, sometimes used as a seasoning.


woody pear

The inedible, woody, pear-shaped fruit of several Australian proteaceous trees of the genus Xylomelum.


imbuia

From Portuguese imbuia, of uncertain origin.

Ocotea porosa, a tree of southern Brazil, a source of high-end timber.


brandy fruit

brandy fruit (countable and uncountable, plural brandy fruits)


semen contra

(obsolete) A strong aromatic bitter drug, imported from Aleppo and Barbary, said to consist of the leaves, peduncles, and unexpanded flowers of various species of Artemisia; wormseed.


starting price

(horse racing) The final odds on a horse when the race starts; also used to designate a system of fixed-odds betting using such prices. Abbreviation: SP.


Idared

A red apple cultivar from Idaho, United States, having white flesh and a firm body.


peasemeal

A flour produced from yellow field peas that have been roasted.


hinoki

hinoki (countable and uncountable, plural hinoki or hinokis)

The large hinokis are repotted every four to five years, while the smaller plants are repotted every two to three years.

1989, Arnold Arboretum, Peter Del Tredici, Early American Bonsai: The Larz Anderson Collection of the Arnold Arboretum, page 17:

Chamaecyparis obtusa
Chamaecyparis obtusa#Translingual

A tree (species Chamaecyparis obtusa), the Japanese cypress.


durum wheat

durum wheat (countable and uncountable, plural durum wheats)

Triticum turgidum subsp. durum#Translingual

Triticum durum
Triticum durum#Translingual

Triticum turgidum subsp. durum, syn. Triticum durum (hard wheat), the flour of which is used to make pasta and bread.


palak

From Hindi पालक (pālak), from Sanskrit पालक्या (pālakyā).

Chenopodium album
Chenopodium album#Translingual

(India, cooking) Spinach or similar greens (including Amaranthus species and Chenopodium album).


Indian plum

Oemleria cerasiformis, a shrub in the rose family, native to the Pacific coast of North America.

Flacourtia jangomas, a rainforest tree in the willow family that is widely planted in Asia and Southeast Asia.

Flacourtia indica, an Asian species often used as a living fence.

Ziziphus mauritiana
Ziziphus mauritiana#Translingual

Ziziphus mauritiana, a tropical fruit tree.


Mutsu

From Japanese 陸奥 (Mutsu, “Mutsu Province”), an old province of Japan, where the cultivar was first grown.

A variety of apple, a cross between the Golden Delicious and the Indo, first grown in Japan.


parasol tree

Polyscias kikuyuensis, a plant in the Araliaceae family, endemic to Kenya.


golden raisin

A variety of raisin treated with sulfur dioxide after drying to impart a golden colour.


muntrie

(usually in the plural) Kunzea pomifera, a low-growing plant of southern Australia.


mintbush

Any of various bushy evergreen shrubs of the genus Prostanthera, usually with strongly aromatic leaves.


Rome Beauty

A glossy red variety of cooking apple originating near Rome Township, Ohio in the early 19th century.


clary water

A composition of clary flowers with brandy, etc., formerly used as a cardiac.


Jerusalem cherry

Jerusalem cherry (plural Jerusalem cherries)

Solanum pseudocapsicum, a nightshade species with poisonous fruit.


Jerusalem sage

Phlomis fruticosa, a lamiaceous flowering plant with yellow tubular flowers and aromatic leaves.


Sauvignon blanc

Sauvignon blanc (countable and uncountable, plural Sauvignon blancs or Sauvignons blancs)

Sauvignon blancs (plural)
Sauvignons blancs (plural)

I'm not in the mood for whisky, nor beer. Something soft would be sensible, but I decide that wine is the order of the day - a sauvignon blanc, which I take with a few olives.

2023 February 8, Greg Morse, “Crossing the border... by Sleeper”, in RAIL, number 976, page 42:

A crisp, dry white wine produced from this grape.


wolf's peach

Solanum lycopersicum
Solanum lycopersicum#Translingual

(obsolete) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).


semisavoy

(chiefly attributive) A hybrid variety of spinach with slightly crinkled leaves.


seed potato

A potato, usually with tiny shoots (chits), which is planted in the ground in order to grow a potato plant.

siemenperuna

a potato which is planted in the ground in order to grow a potato plant


Swedish turnip

Heavens! what attention he bestowed on the growth of his grey pease! how eloquent he could be on the merits of Swedish turnips! and a new drill, or a patent thrashing machine, deprived him of sleep for a week.

1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XII, in Romance and Reality. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 106:

swede; rutabaga (Brassica napus var. napobrassica)