rondo

en-noun

rondo (countable and uncountable, plural rondos)

Borrowed from Italian rondo, from French rondeau. Doublet of rondeau.

(music, countable) A musical composition, commonly of a lively, cheerful character, in which the first strain recurs after each of the other strains.

Vitis vinifera
Vitis vinifera#Translingual

(countable) A dark-skinned grape, a hybrid of Vitis vinifera with Vitis amurensis and others.

And four years after Pep from Catalonia first clapped eyes on Phil from Stockport across a crowded rondo, here finally was the consummation.

2020 August 7, Jonathan Liew, “Phil Foden stars to offer Manchester City glimpse of multiple futures”, in The Guardian:

(soccer) A game resembling keep-away, used to train soccer players: one group is tasked with completing a number of passes while the other smaller group tries to take possession of the ball.

(obsolete, uncountable) A gambling game played with small balls on a table.


rick

From Middle English *rykke, from Old English hrycce (“rick, heap, pile”), cognate with Scots ruk (“rick”), Norwegian ruka (“rick, haystack”). Related also to Old English hrēac (“rick, stack”), from Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“heap”). Further relations: Dutch rook, Norwegian rauk, Swedish rök, Icelandic hraukur.

There is a remnant still of last year's golden clusters of beehive ricks, rising at intervals beyond the hedgerows;[…].

1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter 53, in Adam Bede […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC:

It was not far from the house; but the ground sank into a depression there, and the ridge of it behind shut out everything except just the roof of the tallest hayrick. As one sat on the sward behind the elm, with the back turned on the rick and nothing in front but the tall elms and the oaks in the other hedge, it was quite easy to fancy it the verge of the prairie with the backwoods close by.

1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter 1, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:

Straw, hay etc. stored in a stack for winter fodder, commonly protected with thatch.


rick

en-verb

rick (third-person singular simple present ricks, present participle ricking, simple past and past participle ricked)

ricks (present singular third-person)
ricking (participle present)
ricked (participle past)
ricked (past)

From earlier wrick, from Middle English wricken, wrikken (“to move back and forth”), probably from Middle Dutch *verwricken or Middle Low German vorwricken. Cognate with West Frisian wrikke, wrikje, Dutch wrikken, Low German wricken, German wricken, Danish vrikke, Swedish vricka.

(transitive, dialectal) To pierce with a hook by means of a sudden jerk or pull.


rick

(dialectal) A sharp or sudden move; a jerk or tug.


rick

No turning back now rick, you are the property of the US government now.

(military, derogatory and demeaning) A brand new (naive) boot camp inductee.


sloe

From Middle English slo, sla, sloo, from Old English slā, slāh, from Proto-West Germanic *slaihā, from Proto-Germanic *slaihǭ, *slaihwō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)leh₃y- (“bluish”). Doublet of Sliwa.

Any of various other plants of the genus Prunus, as a shrub or small tree, Prunus alleghaniensis, bearing dark-purple fruit.

luumu

tree of the genus Prunus bearing dark-purple fruit


compound

compound (third-person singular simple present compounds, present participle compounding, simple past and past participle compounded)

compounds (present singular third-person)
compounding (participle present)
compounded (participle past)
compounded (past)

From Middle English compounen, from Middle French componre, compondre (“to put together”), from Latin componō, from Latin com- (“together”) + ponō (“to put”).

At the hill, the Warrior must have been at least ten lengths in front of Wild Dayrell; but he compounded about 200 yards on the T. Y. C. side of the Red House.

1855, The Sporting Review, volume 34, page 240:

(horse racing, intransitive) Of a horse: to fail to maintain speed.


gala

From French gala, or directly from that word's etymon, which is either Italian gala, or Spanish gala, both meaning "festive occasion", and derived from Old French gale (“rejoicing”). (The French word likely kept the final -a to avoid homophony with gale (“scabies”).) Ultimately cognate to gallant and hence probably from Frankish *wala (“good, well”).


dill

en-noun

dill (countable and uncountable, plural dills)

From Middle English dile, from Old English dile (“dill, anise”); from Proto-Germanic *deliz, of uncertain, probably non-Indo-European origin, possibly a west European substrate.
Cognate with Old Saxon dilli, Dutch dille, Swedish dill, German Dill.

The life of one plant would be affected by another. Rue was definitely hostile to basil, rosemary to hyssop, but coriander, dill and chervil lived on the friendliest of terms[.]

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 253:

Anethum graveolens
Anethum graveolens#Translingual

Anethum graveolens (the type species of the genus Anethum), a herb, the seeds of which are moderately warming, pungent, and aromatic, formerly used as a soothing medicine for children; also known as dillseed.


hornbeam

c. 1570, from Old English horn + beam (“tree”)

A tree of the genus Carpinus, having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard, common along the banks of streams in the United States.


hag

From Middle English hagge, hegge (“demon, old woman”), shortening of Old English hægtesse, hægtes (“harpy, witch”), from Proto-West Germanic *hagatussjā. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Häkse (“witch”), Dutch heks, German Hexe (“witch”). Doublet of hex.

A hagdon or shearwater; one of various sea birds of the genus Puffinus.


sage

en-adj

sage (comparative sager, superlative sagest)

sager (comparative)
sagest (superlative)

From Middle English sage, from Old French sage (11th century), from Latin *sapium, from Latin sapere (“to taste, to discern, to be wise”).
The noun meaning "man of profound wisdom" is recorded from circa 1300. Originally applied to the Seven Sages of Greece.


sage

’Tis certain, that, while we aſpire to the magnanimous Firmneſs of the philoſophic Sage, and endeavour to confine our Pleaſures altogether within our own Minds, we may, at laſt, render our Philoſophy, like that of Epictetus and other Stoics, only a more refin’d Syſtem of Selfiſhneſs, and reaſon ourſelves out of all Virtue, as well as ſocial Enjoyment.

1748, [David Hume], “Essay V. Sceptical Solution of these Doubts.”, in Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, […], →OCLC, part I, page 69:

A wise person or spiritual teacher; someone of gravity and wisdom, especially, a teacher venerable for years, and of sound judgment and prudence; a grave or stoic philosopher.


sage

en-noun

sage (usually uncountable, plural sages)

From Middle English sauge, from Middle French sauge, from Old French salje, from Latin salvia, from salvus (“healthy”), see safe.

broom sage

species of Chrysothamnus, Ericameria, Lorandersonia

purple sage

Salvia leucophylla; Artemisia tridentata

silvery sage

Salvia officinalis
Salvia officinalis#Translingual

The plant Salvia officinalis and savory spice produced from it; also planted for ornamental purposes.

Any of a number of plants such as sagebrush considered to be similar to Salvia officinalis, mostly because they are small shrubs and have gray foliage or are aromatic.


larch

From early modern German Larche, Lärche, from Middle High German larche, from Old High German larihha, early borrowing from Latin larix, itself possibly of Gaulish origin. In the first century AD, Vitruvius wrote that the tree was given the Latin name "larigna" when the Romans discovered it at the town of Larignum.

The Larch-tree, with us, groweth slowly, and to be found in few places; it hath a rugged bark, and boughts that branch in good order, with divers small yellowish bunched eminences, set thereon at several distances, from whence tufts of many small, long, and narrow smooth leaves do yearly come forth; it beareth among the green leaves many beautiful flowers, which are of a fine crimson colour […]

1665, John Rea, Flora, London: J.G. Marriott, Book III, Chapter 20, pp. 235-236:

1716, Nicholas Rowe (translator), The Ninth Book of Lucan in John Dryden, Miscellany Poems, London: Jacob Tonson, Volume 6, p. 67,
The Gummy Larch-Tree, and the Thapsos there,
Wound-wort and Maiden-weed, perfume the Air.

Thus the Birch Canoe was builded
In the valley, by the river,
In the bosom of the forest;
And the forest’s life was in it,
All its mystery and its magic,
All the lightness of the birch-tree,
All the toughness of the cedar,
All the larch’s supple sinews;

1855, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Song of Hiawatha, Book 7:

Joan was thinking: ‘She looks like a tree […] it must be the green dress. But her eyes are like water, all greeny and shadowy and deep looking—a tree near a pool, that’s what she’s like, a tall tree. A beech tree? No, that’s too spready—a larch tree, that’s Elizabeth; a larch tree just greening over.'

1924, Radclyffe Hall, The Unlit Lamp, Chapter 5, Part 1:

Have a tree or two the witches particularly like, such as the alder, larch, cypress and hemlock; then, to counteract any possible evil effects, there must be a holly, yew, hazel, elder, mountain ash or juniper.

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 273:

During the early 1980s to early 1990s, and especially in the long drought period of 1982-3, extensive fires swept through natural forests in many parts of the world. While the ravaging fires in Australia and Europe received wide media coverage, 1 million hectares of larch forests were wiped out on the Ta-hsing-an-ling mountain in north-eastern China (H. Tagawa, personal communication).

1993, Nengah Wirawan, “The Hazard of Fire”, in Harold Brookfield, Yvonne Byron, editors, South-East Asia's Environmental Future: The Search for Sustainability, United Nations University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 242:

(countable) A coniferous tree, of genus Larix, having deciduous leaves, in fascicles.

ҫемҫе чӑрӑш

śemś̬e č̬ărăš


thyme

thyme (countable and uncountable, plural thymes)

From Middle English tyme, from Old French thym, from Latin thymum, from Ancient Greek θύμον (thúmon).

Any plant of the labiate genus Thymus, such as garden thyme (Thymus vulgaris), a warm, pungent aromatic, that is much used to give a relish to seasoning and soups.

𒄩𒋗𒌑

plant of the genus Thymus — see also wild thyme


marjoram

marjoram (countable and uncountable, plural marjorams)

/ˈmɑːd͡ʒ(ə)ɹəm/

/ˈmɑɹd͡ʒəɹəm/

From Old French majorane, from Medieval Latin maiōrana.

The Lillie I condemned for thy hand, / And buds of marierom had ſtolne thy haire

1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 99”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

Origanum majorana
Origanum majorana#Translingual

A herb of the mint family, Origanum majorana, having aromatic leaves.


route

From Middle English route, from Old French route, from Latin [rupta] via (literally “a path made by force”). Compare Modern French route.

der

(horse racing) A race longer than one mile.


spike

From Middle English spike, spyke, spik, from Old Norse spík (“spike, sprig”), from Proto-Germanic *spīkō (“stick, splinter, point”), from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“to be pointed; sharp point, stick”). Cognate with Icelandic spík (“spike”), Swedish spik (“spike, nail”), Dutch spijker (“nail”), Old English spīcing (“spike”), and Latin spīca (“ear of corn”), which may have influenced some senses.

шпайкове

informal: running shoes with spikes in the soles

oil of spike


ringer

Some senses may derive from ring the changes (“run through variations; enliven; pass counterfeit money; trick a shopkeeper into giving too much change”).

(horse racing) A horse fraudulently entered in a race using the name of another horse.


teak

en-noun

teak (usually uncountable, plural teaks)

Derived from Portuguese teca, from Malayalam തേക്ക് (tēkkŭ) / Tamil தேக்கு (tēkku).

(countable) A tree of the species in the genus Tectona.


arrowhead

From Middle English arewehede, arowhede, arowheved; equivalent to arrow + head.


garbanzo

/ɡɑɹˈbɑnzoʊ/

From Spanish garbanzo, initially borrowed as garvance in the 17th c. and anglicized as calavance (“chickpea; any kind of bean or pulse”). The original garbanzo was re-established in the 19th c., primarily via American Spanish.

dbt

America when I was seven momma took me to Communist Cell meetings they sold us garbanzos a handful per ticket a ticket costs a nickel and the speeches were free[…]

1956, Allen Ginsberg, “America”, in Howl and Other Poems (Pocket Poets Series), City Lights Books, →OCLC, page 33:

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum#Translingual

An edible pulse (Cicer arietinum), of the family Leguminosae or Fabaceae and subfamilies Faboideae or Papilionoideae, with white or purple-blue flowers and small feathery leaves on both sides of the stem and pods containing two to three peas.


melissa

From Late Latin melissa, from Ancient Greek μέλισσα (mélissa, “bee”), because the plant attracts bees.

Meliſſa, Bawme, hath an excellent vertue to alter Melancholy, bee it ſteeped in our ordinary drinke, extracted, or otherwise taken.

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], “Alternatiues, Hearbes, Other Creatures, &c.”, in The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition 2, section 4, member 1, subsection 3, page 300:

Melissa officinalis
Melissa officinalis#Translingual

A plant of the genus Melissa, especially lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), often used medicinally.


dingleberry

/ˈdɪŋɡəɫbɛɹi/

(slang, derogatory) Dried fecal matter adhering to anal hair.

баребу́х

фека́лии и́ли экскреме́нты, присо́хшие к волоса́м и́ли ше́рсти


rosewood

en-noun

rosewood (countable and uncountable, plural rosewoods)

A compound of rose + wood, originally so named because of the rose-scented aromatic oil derived from it; applied in later senses on account of these woods’ predominantly reddish-brown colour.

палисандр

any of many woods that resemble Dalbergia nigra

India rosewood

Dahlbergia latifolia, Acaccia melanoxylon, Dalbergia sissoo

The fragrant wood of Dalbergia nigra, a Brazilian tree in the legume family, which has a sweet smell.

Any of several dozen woods, resembling that of Dalbergia nigra in some respect.

The wood of a South American tree, Aniba rosaeodora, in the laurel family, with fragrant wood from which an essential oil is distilled.

Pterocarpus indicus
Pterocarpus indicus#Translingual

Wood and plant of Pterocarpus spp., for example African rosewood or mukula or Burmese rosewood (Pterocarpus indicus, syn. Pterocarpus santalinus).


girasole

Borrowed from Italian girasole.
From Italian girasole articiocco (“Jerusalem artichoke”).

der

Alternative form of girasol (“fire opal”)


old man

en-noun

old man (countable and uncountable, plural old men)

From Middle English alde mann, aldman, elde man, oldeman, from Old English eald man.

(theology, uncountable) Synonym of Old Adam


pomodoro

pomodoro (countable and uncountable, plural pomodoros or pomodori)

From Italian pomodoro (“tomato”). The time interval comes from the Pomodoro kitchen timer, which is in the shape of a tomato.

Pastas, with soup & homemade bread — spaghetti with fresh garlic & olive oil $8.95, with pomodoro $8.95, with meatballs or Sicilian sausage $9.95, with prosciutto & olives $10.95, cannelloni $9.95, lasagna Siciliana $9.95, with fresh clams in a white wine sauce $10.95.

1995, Louis E. Madison, San Francisco on a shoestring, page 125:

Entrees include pizza with roasted vegetables; pizza margherita with tomato, fresh basil, and mozzarella; pizza with prosciutto, peppers, and onions; risotto of the day; rigatoni with pomodoro and Parmesan; radiatore puttanesca with capers, olives, anchovies, and garlic; fresh-spinach spaghetti primavera with garden vegetables, garlic, and oil; spaghetti Bolognese.

1994, New York - Volume 27, Issues 10-13, page 77:

Spread some pomodoro over the ricotta.

(uncountable) Ellipsis of pomodoro sauce.


raisin

en-verb

raisin (third-person singular simple present raisins, present participle raisining, simple past and past participle raisined)

raisins (present singular third-person)
raisining (participle present)
raisined (participle past)
raisined (past)

From Middle English raysyn, borrowed from Anglo-Norman reysin (“grape, raisin”), from Late Latin racīmus, from Latin racēmus. Possibly a distant cognate of Persian رز (raz, “vine”). Doublet of raceme.

We must have put down about thirty quart bottles, richly raisined and tightly corked.

2005, Alan King, Matzo Balls for Breakfast, page 183:

The 12-year-old Redbreast is the most easily found and shows single pot still at its most defiant: oily and rich with stewed plums, light leather, creme caramel and a dense, raisined palate where the tongue tries to cleave through the white peaches.

Another liquid—perhaps honey, a berry juice, a raisined or herbal wine—could be poured into the large opening and automatically fed into the interior of the vessel.

2019, Patrick E. McGovern, Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture, page 177:

(transitive) To flavor (an alcoholic beverage) with fruit that has raisined.

She was a bony woman with hollow cheeks, her skin raisined by years of hard labor in the sun.

2012, Anuradha Roy, The Folded Earth, page 18:

Before him, a stoic mother, hands raisined from the scrubbing of clothing and children.

2016, Daniel Kraus, The Death and Life of Zebulon Finch, Volume Two: Empire Decayed, page 67:

As her fingers became raisined by the soap suds, she wondered what Eliza was up to.

2019, A. S. Kingly, If Stilettos Could Speak:

We soaked together in long baths until we raisined, skin pressed to skin .

She remained under the spray until the hot water heater ran out and her skin raisined.

He can barely imagine it, but years and years from now, the day will come when his skin will have raisined, and even something as simple as sweeping the floor will no longer be easy.

2023, Karin Lin-Greenberg, You Are Here:

(intransitive) To form wrinkles; to become wrinkled.


latke

From Yiddish לאַטקע (latke), from either Russian ла́тка (látka, “pastry, patch”) or Ukrainian оладка (oladka, “pancake, fritter”). In Polish łatka (“patch”) or placek, placki (“fritter, fritters”).

Her favorite Chanukah memories were of eating latkes and sour cream while her mother gossiped with the aunts and cousins.

We do not spend our days huddled in smoke-filled rooms plotting world domination while Jared Kushner plays dreidel in the back with Noam Chomsky and George Soros sneaks the last latke.

2022 January 19, Yair Rosenberg, “Why So Many People Still Don’t Understand Anti-Semitism”, in The Atlantic:

A pancake fried in oil, usually made from potatoes and sometimes also onions, traditionally served on Hanukkah.


lettuce

en-noun

lettuce (countable and uncountable, plural lettuces)

From Middle English letuse, of uncertain precise origin, probably from the plural form Old French laitues, derived from Latin lactūca (“lettuce”), from lac (“milk”), because of the milky fluid in its stalks. Replaced Old English lēahtric.
(money): Likely from the green color of US banknotes.

To steady himself he counts the money left in his wallet. Seventy-three; today was payday. Fingering so much lettuce strengthens his nerves.

1960, John Updike, 'Rabbit, Run', page 26:

Twenty dollars an hour? That's a lot of lettuce!

(uncountable, US, slang) United States paper currency; dollars.


cowberry

Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vaccinium vitis-idaea#Translingual

A shrub native to the cool temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere (Vaccinium vitis-idaea).


ivy

ivy (countable and uncountable, plural ivies)

From Middle English ivi, from Old English īfiġ, from Proto-West Germanic *ibig, *ibag, *ibah, from Proto-Germanic *ibahs (compare West Flemish iefte, Low German Eiloov, Ieloof, German Efeu), from Proto-Indo-European *(h₁)ebʰ- (compare Welsh efwr (“black elder”), Ancient Greek ἴφυον (íphuon, “spike-lavender, Lavandula Spica”)).

German ivy

Delairea odorata and Senecio mikanioides

Hidden timber elements, lintels and roof tiles have also been replaced, in addition to gaining a new paint job and guttering drainage, and the removal of ivy that was damaging the exterior.

2023 March 8, “Network News: Pwllheli 'box gets a makeover”, in RAIL, number 978, page 22:

Any of several woody, climbing, or trailing evergreen plants of the genus Hedera.


trotter

From Middle English trottere, equivalent to trot + -er.

The Celebrity, by arts unknown, induced Mrs. Judge Short and two other ladies to call at Mohair on a certain afternoon when Mr. Cooke was trying a trotter on the track. The three returned wondering and charmed with Mrs. Cooke; they were sure she had had no hand in the furnishing of that atrocious house.

1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC, page 58:

In harness racing, a horse with a gait in which the front and back legs on opposite sides take a step together alternating with the other set of opposite legs; as opposed to a pacer.


cranberry

en-noun

cranberry (countable and uncountable, plural cranberries)

→ Dutch: cranberry

→ German: Cranberry

Adapted in the 1640s from Dutch Low Saxon or German Low German Kraanbeere, from Kraan m (which means and is cognate to crane) + Beere f (which means and is cognate to berry).

mountain cranberry

Vaccinium vitis-idaea; Actous alpina, syn. Arctostaphylos alpina

(countable) A shrub belonging to the section Vaccinium sect. Oxycoccus of the genus Vaccinium.


rhubarb

rhubarb (countable and uncountable, plural rhubarb or rhubarbs)

From Middle English rubarbe, from Anglo-Norman reubarbe (modern French rhubarbe), from Late Latin reubarbarum, rheubarbarum, rubarbera, rybarba, probably from Koine Greek ῥῆον βάρβαρον (rhêon bárbaron), from ῥῆον (rhêon, “rhubarb”) + Ancient Greek βάρβαρον (bárbaron), neuter of βάρβαρος (bárbaros, “foreign; barbaric”) (English barbarian).
There is also a Medieval Latin variant rabarbarum, which appears to be influenced by Ancient Greek ῥᾶ (rhâ, “rhubarb”), and gave rise to some of the forms in modern languages. The Ancient Greek variant term appears to have been folk-etymologically influenced by Ancient Greek Ῥᾶ (Rhâ, “the River Volga”), which is in the region from which the plant came to the Mediterranean. The ultimate origin of the Ancient Greek terms is, however, Proto-Iranian *(h)rabā́š (“rhubarb, fennel”).
The word is cognate with Catalan ruibarbre, Italian rabarbaro, Dutch rabarber, German Rhabarber, Old Occitan reubarbe, Portuguese ruibarbo, Spanish ruibarbo.

der

ῥῆον βάρβαρον

cog

On 13 December 1942, Squadron Leader [Brian] Lane made his first flight from Ludham, a local familiarisation flight. That afternoon, he led a section of Spitfires low over the North Sea on a ‘Rhubarb’, a low-level sweep over the Dutch coast, looking for targets of opportunity.

2009, Dilip Sarkar, “Foreword”, in Brian Lane, edited by Dilip Sarkar, Spitfire!: The Experiences of a Battle of Britain Fighter Pilot, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley Publishing, →ISBN, page 11:

(British, military, aviation, historical) A Royal Air Force World War II code name for operations by aircraft (fighters and fighter-bombers) involving low-level flight to seek opportunistic targets.


gnarly

en-adj

gnarly (comparative gnarlier, superlative gnarliest)

gnarlier (comparative)
gnarliest (superlative)

From gnarl (“knot in wood”) + -y. The slang senses were particularly popularized by US surf culture in the 1970s.

Out of one window I can see the garden, those mysterious deep-shaded arbors, the riotous old-fashioned flowers, and bushes and gnarly trees.

1892 January, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wall Paper, Boston, Mass.: Small, Maynard & Company, published 1901, →OCLC, page 13:

Having or characterized by gnarls; gnarled.

a gnarly problem

When the swell struck, the North Shore got gnarly, and the wise ones hit the outer islands where the energy was just as juicy but a bit more organized.

Work that makes you unhappy is what I mean by "a gnarly problem." The trouble is, the market pays for solutions to gnarly problems, not solutions to easy problems. As the Yorkshire lads say, "Where there's muck, there's brass."

2008, [Avram] Joel Spolsky, More Joel on Software: Further Thoughts on Diverse and Occasionally Related Matters that will Prove of Interest to Software Developers, Designers, and Managers, and to Those who, whether by Good Fortune or Ill Luck, Work with Them in Some Capacity, Berkeley, Calif.: Apress, →ISBN, page 152:

We're not talking about a lame chick and a gnarly guy. We're talking about a couple of far-out dudes.

1981, Dan Jenkins, Baja Oklahoma, New York, N.Y.: Atheneum Books, ISBN 978-0-689-11173-0; reprinted New York, N.Y.: Pocket Books, 1982, ISBN 978-0-671-45163-9, page 269

Funky Kong: 'Those Snowmads are a gnarly bunch! I hear they're enjoyin' your island. Go get 'em, DK!'

2014 February, Retro Studios, Donkey Kong Country: Tropical Freeze, Nintendo, level/area: Funky's Fly 'n' Buy:

[She] displays the same love of gnarly fuzztones and shout-it-out-loud choruses that began back in her daze^([sic]) with local all-girl rockers the Runaways.

(slang, US) Unpleasant, awful, ugly.
(slang, US) Of music or a sound: harsh.

Unpleasant, awful, ugly.
Of music or a sound: harsh.


almond tree

Prunus amygdalus
Prunus amygdalus#Translingual

A tree that bears almonds (Prunus amygdalus).

Terminalia catappa
Terminalia catappa#Translingual

An Indian almond tree (Terminalia catappa).


turnip greens

Brassica rapa
Brassica rapa#Translingual

The edible leaves of the turnip plant (Brassica rapa).


bumper

Dutch: bumper

Japanese: バンパー (banpā)

Korean: 범퍼 (beompeo)

Russian: ба́мпер (bámper)

(horse racing) In National Hunt racing, a flat race for horses that have not yet competed either in flat racing or over obstacles.


plantain

Inherited from Middle English planteyne, planteyn, from Anglo-Norman plainteine et al., Old French plaintain, from Latin plantāgō, from planta (“sole of the foot”), a nasalized form of Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“flat; to spread”), because of the broad, flat shape of the plantain leaves.

der

The roots of Plantain and Pellitory of Spain beaten to powder and put into hollow teeth, takes away the pains of them.

1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society, published 2007, page 225:

The paths too are overgrown, but easily identified by the presence on them of round-leaved plantains.

2003, Ernst Jünger, translated by Michael Hofmann, Storm of Steel, Penguin, published 2004, page 41:

A plant of the genus Plantago, with a rosette of sessile leaves about 10 cm (4") long with a narrow part instead of a petiole, and with a spike inflorescence with the flower spacing varying widely among the species. See also psyllium.

Indian plantain

Arnoglossum spp.; Plantago ovata, Cacalia spp.

water plantain

Alisma spp.; Baldellia spp.; Sagittaria secundifolia


plantain

From Spanish plantano (obsolete variant of plátano), from Latin platanus, from Ancient Greek πλάτανος (plátanos).

The fruit of the plant, usually cooked before eating and used like potatoes.


Idaho

Colorado Territory
Columbia River
New-York Tribune
Oxford English Dictionary

Uncertain; possibly from Plains Apache ídaahȩ́ (“Comanche”), though the Oxford English Dictionary states that the development of the state’s name from that word remains undocumented. The name Idaho was said to have been considered around 1860 for what was eventually called the Colorado Territory (now the state of Colorado) in 1861, and in 1863 was given to Idaho County (now part of Idaho); the county was named after a steamship launched on the Columbia River in 1860.
The eccentric political lobbyist George Maurice Willing, Jr. (c. 1829 – 1874) claimed to have coined the name after a girl named Ida, though saying it was a Shoshoni term meaning “gem of the mountains” (no such term exists), but evidence suggests that there was use of the name in Colorado pre-dating Willing’s arrival in the West in 1859.
The common noun (“type of potato”) is derived from the name of the state.

A state in the western United States. Capital and largest city: Boise.

An unincorporated community in Pike County, Ohio, United States, named for Idaho Territory.


Idaho

In full Idaho potato: a variety of potato grown in Idaho, especially the Russet Burbank.

Alabama · Alaska · Arizona · Arkansas · California · Colorado · Connecticut · Delaware · Florida · Georgia · Hawaii · Idaho · Illinois · Indiana · Iowa · Kansas · Kentucky · Louisiana · Maine · Maryland · Massachusetts · Michigan · Minnesota · Mississippi · Missouri · Montana · Nebraska · Nevada · New Hampshire · New Jersey · New Mexico · New York · North Carolina · North Dakota · Ohio · Oklahoma · Oregon · Pennsylvania · Rhode Island · South Carolina · South Dakota · Tennessee · Texas · Utah · Vermont · Virginia · Washington · West Virginia · Wisconsin · Wyoming

American Samoa · Guam · Northern Mariana Islands · Puerto Rico · United States minor outlying islands · United States Virgin Islands


flint

en-noun

flint (countable and uncountable, plural flints)

From Middle English flynt, flint, from Old English flint, from Proto-West Germanic *flint, from Proto-Germanic *flintaz (compare Dutch vlint, flint (“flint, cobblestone”), German Flins, Flint (“flint, pebble”), Danish flint (“flint”)), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)plind- (“to split, cleave”) (compare Irish slinn (“slate, shingle”), Ancient Greek πλίνθος (plínthos)), from *(s)pley- (“to split”). More at split.

der

He used flint to make a fire.

A hard, fine-grained quartz that fractures conchoidally and generates sparks when struck against a material such as steel, because tiny chips of the steel are heated to incandescence and burn in air.

صَوَّان

hard fine-grained quartz which generates sparks when struck

A piece of flint, such as a gunflint, used to produce a spark by striking it with a firestriker.

صَوَّانَة

piece of flint, such as gunflint used to produce a spark — see also firestriker

A small cylinder of some other material of the same function in a cigarette lighter, etc.

A type of maize/corn with a hard outer hull.


filbert

Earlier filbert-nut, Philibert-nut, from Middle English filbert-note, from Anglo-Norman noix de filbert, so named because they are ripe near Saint Philibert’s Day.

cobnut

usually the common hazel (Corylus avellana) which grows in the UK and Europe

A paintbrush used in oil and acrylic painting with a long ferrule and a curving, tongue-shaped head.


ananas

From Italian ananas, from French ananas, from Spanish ananás, from Portuguese ananás, adapted from Old Tupi nanas (“pineapple”).

(obsolete) Bromelia pinguin, a plant with edible fruit.


wormwood

en-noun

wormwood (countable and uncountable, plural wormwoods)

From Middle English wormwode, a folk etymology (as if worm + wood) of wermode (“wormwood”), from Old English wermōd, wormōd (“wormwood, absinthe”), from Proto-West Germanic *warjamōdā (“wormwood”). Cognate with Middle Low German wermode, wermede (“wormwood”), German Wermut (“wormwood”). Doublet of vermouth.

der

But as I said, / When it did taste the wormwood on the nipple / Of my dug and felt it bitter, pretty fool, / To see it tetchy and fall out with the dug!

c. 1591–1595 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Romeo and Ivliet”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii (the nurse's monologue)]:

Therefore thus saith the Lord of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will feed them, even this people, with wormwood, and give them water of gall to drink.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Jeremiah 9:15:

Blue skippers in sunny hours ope and shut
Where wormwood and grunsel flowers by the cart ruts […]

c. 1864, John Clare, We passed by green closes:

Cliff took two glasses and filled one with wine
And one with wormwood.

1897, Edwin Arlington Robinson, “Cliff Klingenhagen”, in Children of the Night:

Artemisia absinthium
Artemisia absinthium#Translingual

An intensely bitter herb (Artemisia absinthium and similar plants in genus Artemisia) used in medicine, in the production of absinthe and vermouth, and as a tonic.


asafoetida

en-noun

asafoetida (usually uncountable, plural asafoetidas)

/ˌæsəˈfɛtɪdə/

Late Middle English, from Medieval Latin asafoetida, from Persian ازا / آزا (azâ, âzâ, “mastic”) + Latin foetida, feminine of foetidus (“bad-smelling”).

Nigh Whormoot are Duzgun, Laztan-De, and other Townes, where is got the best Assa-Fætida through all the Orient: the tree is like our brier in height, the leaves resemble Fig leaves, the root the Radish: the vertue had need be much, it stincks so odiously.

1638, Thomas Herbert, Some Yeares Travels, section II:

CHEWING-BALLS, a kind of balls made of aſafœtida, liver of antimony, bay-wood, juniper-wood, and pellitory of Spain; which being dried in the ſun, and wrapped in a linen-cloth, are tied to the bit of the bridle for the horſe to chew: they create an appetite; and it is ſaid, that balls of Venice treacle may be uſed in the ſame manner with good ſucceſs.

1771, Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1st ed., volume II, page 183:

The smell, too, is often perverted—Parosmia. The author was formerly acquainted with a lady, who scented her snuff with the tincture of assafœtida.

1842, Robley Dunglison, “Of the Neuroses”, in The Practice of Medicine; or, A Treatise on Special Pathology and Therapeutics. […], volume II, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, →OCLC, book VI (Diseases of the Nervous System), page 280:

half-a-dozen huge bread pills, dipped in a solution of aloes or cinnamon water, flavoured with assafœtida, which in the case of the dyspeptic rich often suffice [...].

1855, Sir Richard Burton, Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah & Meccah, Dover, published 1964, page 54:

For black magic, assafœtida, garlic, dragon's blood, sulphur, and such-like vile-smelling concoctions were used.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 155:

The letter she sent me stank of assafoetida or devil’s dung. I was charmed.

1993, Anthony Burgess, A Dead Man In Deptford:

Ferula assa-foetida
Ferula assa-foetida#Translingual

A resinous gum from the stem and roots of Ferula species such as Ferula foetida and Ferula assa-foetida, having a strong, unpleasant smell, with culinary and medical uses.


galangal

galangal (countable and uncountable, plural galangals)

From Middle English galyngale, from Old French galingal, from Arabic خَلَنْجَان (ḵalanjān), from Persian قولنجان (qulenjân, qulanjân), from Sanskrit कुलञ्जन (kulañjana), perhaps from Chinese 高良薑／高良姜 (gāoliángjiāng), from 高涼／高凉 (Gāoliáng) (a prefecture or county in China) + 薑／姜 (jiāng, “ginger”).

The refreshing aroma of galangal acts in combination with and as a contrast to lemongrass in many recipes in this book.

2008, Carol Selva Rajah, David Thompson, Heavenly Fragrance, page 144:

Another time, she dined in Hampstead, where she was fed a version of stargazy pie with a whole squid where the eel should have been. It was flavoured, for the full medieval effect, with galangal, which her hostess described as “kind of like frankincense”.

2023 July 15, Rachel Cooke, “No, Nigella – dinner parties are great. Deliveroo just doesn’t cut it”, in The Observer, →ISSN:

Any of several east Asian plants of genera Alpinia and Kaempferia in the ginger family, used as a spice, but principally Alpinia galanga.

خَوْلَنْجَان

any of several plants of the ginger family


endive

endive (countable and uncountable, plural endives)

From Middle French endive, from Medieval Latin endivia or Italian indivia or endivia, from Late Latin intibus.

When all this is ready, take some endive and Dutch lettuce, some chervil and celery, wash and drain them very well, cut them small, put them into a saucepan, and pour some of the broth upon them […]

1787, Charlotte Mason, The Lady's Assistant for Regulating and Supplying the Table, page 192:

Take the three heads of endive out of the water, drain them, and leave the largest whole.

1805, William Augustus Henderson, The Housekeeper's Instructor, Or, Universal Family Cook, page 110:

Broad leaved, green curled or white curled, the endive plants are good; the green sorts, on account of their coolness and their plentiful salts, are esteemed for the salad bowl, and the white-curled sorts are liked for soups, stews and as boiled vegetables.

1915 August 28, Marion Harris Neil, “When Lettus is Scarce”, in The Country Gentleman, volume 80, page 1379:

Endive and escarole are the same vegetable, but endive has leaves that are cut and curled, while escarole has smooth, broad leaves.

2001, Clifford A. Wright, Mediterranean Vegetables, page 146:

Cichorium endivia
Cichorium endivia#Translingual

Cichorium intybus
Cichorium intybus#Translingual

A leafy salad vegetable, Cichorium endivia, which is often confused with common chicory (Cichorium intybus).


salvia

A plant in the genus Salvia, such as sage.

Salvia divinorum, a plant used for its hallucinogenic properties; diviner's sage.


tamarind

tamarind (countable and uncountable, plural tamarinds)

From Late Middle English thamarynde, from Old French tamarinde, from Medieval Latin tamarindus, from Arabic تَمْر هِنْدِيّ (tamr hindiyy, literally “Indian date”).

der

تَمْر هِنْدِيّ

Tamarindus indica
Tamarindus indica#Translingual

(botany) A tropical tree, Tamarindus indica.

He began to crack tamarinds, pulling out the pod flesh, adding sugar and black pepper from his palms.

2021, Leone Ross, This One Sky Day, Faber & Faber Limited, page 253:

Worcestershire sauce
Worcestershire sauce

(cooking) The fruit of this tree; the pulp is used as spice in Asian cooking and in Worcestershire sauce.

Garcinia gummi-gutta, Malabar tamarind, native to Indonesia.

Garcinia gummi-gutta
Garcinia gummi-gutta#Translingual

Other similar species:
A velvet tamarind (Dialium spp.).


cumin

en-noun

cumin (usually uncountable, plural cumins)

From Middle English comyn, from Old English cymen (which is cognate with Old High German kumin) and Old French cummin, both from Latin cuminum, from Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon), a Semitic borrowing ultimately to be traced to Akkadian 𒂵𒈬𒉡 (Ú.GAMUN /kamūnu/, “cumin”). Possibly related to caraway.

der

Cumin is native to the region from the eastern Mediterranean to India.

Cuminum cyminum
Cuminum cyminum#Translingual

The flowering plant Cuminum cyminum, in the family Apiaceae.


caraway

en-noun

caraway (countable and uncountable, plural caraways)

From Middle English caraway, carewey, carwey, from Medieval Latin carui, from Arabic كَرَاوِيَا (karāwiyā), via Aramaic from Ancient Greek καρώ (karṓ), κάρον (káron, “caraway”).

A biennial plant, Carum carvi, native to Europe and Asia, mainly grown for its seed to be used as a culinary spice.


maga

Thespesia grandiflora, a tree native to Puerto Rico also planted elsewhere for its fairness and the working properties of its wood.


chipotle

From Spanish chipotle, from Classical Nahuatl chīlpōctli, compound of chīlli (“pepper”) + pōctli (“smoke”).

Sweet corn on the cob comes to vibrant life with a caramelized glaze of smoky chipotle peppers, tangy lime juice, sea salt, and agave nectar.

2012, Bo Rinaldi, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Low-Fat Vegan Cooking, Penguin, →ISBN:

A ripe jalapeño pepper, dried and smoked for use in cooking.

乾紅辣椒

a ripe jalapeño pepper, dried and smoked for use in cooking


fennel

fennel (usually uncountable, plural fennels)

From the Middle English fenel, from the late Old English finuðl, finule (weak feminine forms); fenol, finul (masculine forms), from Proto-West Germanic *fenukl, from the Vulgar Latin *fēnuclum, fēnoclum, from Late Latin fēnuculum, from the Classical Latin faeniculum, a diminutive form of faenum (“hay”); compare the Italian finocchio, the Occitan fenolh, the French fenouil, and the Spanish hinojo. Doublet of finocchio.

Foeniculum vulgare
Foeniculum vulgare#Translingual

A plant, Foeniculum vulgare, of the parsley family, which has a sweet, anise-like flavor.

(cooking) The bulb, leaves, or stalks of the plant, eaten as a vegetable.

شَمَر

bulb, leaves, or stalks eaten as a vegetable

(cooking) The seeds of the fennel plant used as a spice in cooking.


coriander

coriander (usually uncountable, plural corianders)

→ Japanese: コリアンダー (koriandā)

/ˌkɒɹiˈændə/

/ˈkɔɹiˌændɚ/

/ˌkɔɹiˈændɚ/

From Middle English coriandre, from Anglo-Norman coriandre, from Old French corïandre, from Latin coriandrum, from Ancient Greek κορίανδρον (koríandron), of uncertain origin. Doublet of cilantro.
cognates, etc.
Compare Ancient Greek κορίαννον (koríannon), κορίαμβλον (koríamblon), Mycenaean Greek 𐀒𐀪𐁀𐀅𐀙 (ko-ri-ha-da-na), 𐀒𐀪𐀊𐀅𐀙 (ko-ri-ja-da-na), 𐀒𐀪𐀊𐀈𐀜 (ko-ri-ja-do-no), 𐀒𐀪𐀍𐀅𐀙 (ko-ri-jo-da-na), Akkadian 𒌑𒄷𒌷𒌝 (^úḫurium) Aramaic כסברה (kusbara, “coriander”), Classical Syriac ܟܽܘܣܒܰܪܬܳܐ (kūsbartā, “coriander”) and Arabic كُزْبَرَة (kuzbara).
Beekes supposes that cluster -dn- implies a Pre-Greek word, and hypothesizes that *koriaⁿdro- may have dissimilated to *koriaⁿdno-.

cog

Vietnamese coriander (Persicaria odorata

(US) The dried fruits thereof, used as a spice.


cooker

→ Welsh: cwcer

From cook + -er (agent noun suffix) or + -er (patient suffix) (apple; one who is cooked).

(chiefly UK, Ireland) A device for heating food, a stove.

For the British market, apples are classed as early, mid-season, or late, and subdivided into eaters or cookers.

2004, Laura Mason, Food Culture in Great Britain, page 94:

(slang, Australia) A person who makes or uses illicit drugs, especially methamphetamine or cannabis.

(slang, derogatory, Australia) A person who is cooked; a crazy person.


paprika

en-noun

paprika (countable and uncountable, plural paprikas)

Borrowed from Hungarian paprika, from Serbo-Croatian pàprika, from pȁpar, from Proto-Slavic *pьpьrь, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi, “pepper”), from Indo-Aryan; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”). Akin to paprikash.

cog

California is taking the lead, producing a paprika that is more standardized and more uniformly available than the European growers offer.

1995, Jean Andrews, Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums, →ISBN, page 73:

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

(uncountable) Powdered spice made from dried and ground fruits of sweet pepper (bell pepper) or chili pepper (cultivars of Capsicum annuum), or mixtures of these (used especially in Hungarian cooking).

strings of red paprikas hang outside to dry in the autumn

2003, Jonathan Bousfield, Rough Guide to Croatia, →ISBN, page 123:

(countable, rare, commonly called "dried [bell/chilli] peppers" or "dried capsicums") A dried but not yet ground fruit of sweet pepper (bell pepper) or chili pepper sold for use as a spice.


paprika

en-adj

paprika (comparative more paprika, superlative most paprika)

more paprika (comparative)
most paprika (superlative)

Of a bright reddish orange colour, like that of the dried paprika.


rambutan

Borrowed from Malay rambutan, English usage first attested 1707.

Nephelium lappaceum
Nephelium lappaceum#Translingual

A tree, Nephelium lappaceum, of Southeast Asia.


ginger root

Zingiber officinale
Zingiber officinale#Translingual

Ginger, the underground stem, or rhizome, of the plant Zingiber officinale.


quinoa

en-noun

quinoa (countable and uncountable, plural quinoas)

→ Welsh: cwinoa

→ Korean: 퀴노아 (kwinoa)

Borrowed from Spanish quinua, from Quechua kinwa.

Turn the heat up to medium-high, add the quinoa, and sprinkle with salt and pepper.

2007, Mark Bittman, How to Cook Everything Vegetarian: Simple Meatless Recipes for Great Food, page 560:

Quinoa is another of those foods that keeps getting miscategorized—everyone thinks it′s a grain, everyone uses it like a grain, but it′s actually a seed.

2007, Jonny Bowden, The 150 Healthiest Foods on Earth, page 78:

To use quinoa in a salad, spread it on a platter or baking sheet after cooking to allow it to cool and, more importantly, dry. Cooked quinoa can be stored in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 5 days.

2009, Miriam Backes, Bob′s Red Mill Cookbook: Whole & Healthy Grains for Every Meal of the Day, page 104:

The high-protein dried fruits and seeds of this plant, used as a food staple and ground into flour.


asparagus

asparagus (plural asparagus or asparaguses or asparagusses or asparagi)

asparagus (plural)
asparaguses (plural)
asparagusses (plural)
asparagi (plural)

/əˈspæɹ.ə.ɡəs/

/əˈspæɹ.ə.ɡəs/

/əˈspɛɹ.ə.ɡəs/

Borrowed from Medieval Latin asparagus, sparagus, from Ancient Greek ἀσπάραγος (aspáragos), variant of ἀσφάραγος (aspháragos). Displaced Old English eorþnafola.

Any of various perennial plants of the genus Asparagus having leaflike stems, scalelike leaves, and small flowers.

Asparagus officinalis
Asparagus officinalis#Translingual

The young shoots of Asparagus officinalis eaten as a vegetable.


emmenagogue

From Ancient Greek ἔμμηνα (émmēna, “menses”) + ἀγωγός (agōgós, “leading”).

Take of the emmenagogue decoction, six ounces; borax, fifteen grains; troches of myrrh, two scruples; dittany of Crete, finely powdered, ten grains; […]

1775, The practice of the British and French hospitals:

The term emmenagogue is applied to any remedy or indeed any resource whatever which normalizes the menses.

1914, Albert Henry Buck, A Reference Handbook of the Medical Sciences:

Because of its phenolic ether content (methyl chavicol), which varies within wide limits, depending on the species, the origin and the time of harvesting, basil is often cited as an emmenagogue.

2007, Shirley Price, Aromatherapy for Health Professionals, page 71:

(medicine) An herb that stimulates blood flow in the pelvic area and uterus, causing menstruation.


tabasco

tabasco (usually uncountable, plural tabascos)

Louisiana is a major producer of tabascos.


chayote

chayote (countable and uncountable, plural chayotes)

From Spanish chayote, from Classical Nahuatl chayohtli.

Sechium edule
Sechium edule#Translingual

Sechium edule, a tropical American perennial herbaceous vine having tendrils, tuberous roots, and a green, pear-shaped fruit cooked as a vegetable.


pecan

Australian Oxford Dictionary
Canadian Oxford Dictionary
Gage Canadian Dictionary

Borrowed from French pacane and at first spelt paccan. The French word derives from an Algonquian word, perhaps Miami (Illinois) pakani. Compare Cree pakan (“hard nut”), Ojibwe bagaan, Abenaki pagann, bagôn, pagôn (“nut; walnut, hazelnut”).

And away on the farther bank, a motte of huge pecans, standing like giant sentinels over the dwarfed landscape, filled the eye with remote vistas in their shady, twilight aisles. It was very still.

1885, Howard Seely, A Ranchman's stories, page 154:

Within its ornamental fence, the 8/10-acre property includes several of the largest live oaks in the area — plus huge pecans and stately magnolias.

A deciduous tree, Carya illinoinensis, of the central and southern United States, having deeply furrowed bark, pinnately compound leaves, and edible nuts.


pone

pone (countable and uncountable, plural pones)

Borrowed from Powhatan apones, appoans (“bread”), from Proto-Algonquian *apwa·n (“thing which has been baked or roasted”), whence also Abenaki abôn (“bread”).

der

(Southern US) A baked or fried cornbread (bread made of cornmeal), often made without milk or eggs.


brandy

en-noun

brandy (countable and uncountable, plural brandies)

→ Abenaki: blandi

→ Basque: brandy

→ Cebuano: brandi

→ Chinese:

Cantonese: 拔蘭地／拔兰地 (bat⁶ laan⁴⁻¹ dei⁶⁻²), 白蘭地／白兰地 (baak⁶ laan⁴⁻¹ dei⁶⁻²)

Mandarin: 白蘭地／白兰地 (báilándì)

Min Nan: 物蘭池／物兰池 (bu̍t-lân-tî)

→ Czech: brandy

→ Danish: brandy

→ Dutch: brandy

→ Esperanto: brando

→ Estonian: brändi

→ Finnish: brandy

→ Galician: brandy

→ German: Brandy

→ Greek: μπράντι (bránti)

→ Hungarian: brandy

→ Icelandic: brandí

→ Irish: branda

→ Italian: brandy

→ Japanese: ブランデー (burandē)

→ Korean: 브랜디 (beuraendi)

→ Lower Sorbian: brandy

→ Norwegian: brandy

→ Occitan: brandy

→ Polish: brandy

→ Portuguese: brande

→ Romanian: brandy

desctree

→ Russian: бренди (brendi)
→ Armenian: բրենդի (brendi)

→ Scottish Gaelic: branndaidh

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: бренди

Latin script: brendi

→ Spanish: brandy

→ Swahili: brandi

→ Swedish: brandy

→ Tagalog: brandi

→ Thai: บรั่นดี (bà-ràn-dii)

→ Turkish: brendi

→ Vietnamese: brandy, branđi

→ Welsh: brandi

Shortened form of brandywine, from Dutch brandewijn (“burnt wine”). Compare German Brantewein, Branntwein.

(uncountable) An alcoholic liquor distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice.


brandy

en-verb

brandy (third-person singular simple present brandies, present participle brandying, simple past and past participle brandied)

brandies (present singular third-person)
brandying (participle present)
brandied (participle past)
brandied (past)

(transitive) To preserve, flavour, or mix with brandy.

säilöä brandyyn

to preserve, flavour, or mix with brandy


durian

en-noun

durian (countable and uncountable, plural durians)

→ Arabic: دُرْيَان (duryān)

→ Bengali: দুরিয়ান (duriẏan)

→ Bikol Central: durian

→ Bulgarian: дуриан (durian)

→ Catalan: durian

→ Czech: durian

→ Danish: durian

→ Esperanto: durio

→ Finnish: durio

→ French: durian

→ Galician: durián

→ Georgian: დურიო (durio)

→ German: Durian

→ Hebrew: דוריאן (duri'an)

→ Italian: durian

→ Japanese: ドリアン (dorian)

→ Komi-Permyak: дуриан (durian)

→ Komi-Zyrian: дуриан (durian)

→ Korean: 두리안 (durian)

→ Lak: дуриан (durian)

→ Latvian: duriāns

→ Lithuanian: durijus

→ Norwegian Bokmål: durian

→ Persian: دوریان (duryân)

→ Polish: durian

→ Portuguese: durio, durião

→ Russian: дуриан (durian)

→ Rwanda-Rundi: duriyani

→ Spanish: durián

→ Swedish: durian

→ Turkish: durian

→ Udmurt: дуриан (durian)

→ Ukrainian: дуріан (durian)

→ Western Mari: дуриан (durian)

/ˈdʒʊə.ɹɪən/

/ˈdʊə.ɹiˌɑn/

From Malay durian, ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi (“thorn”). Doublet of iwi, from Māori.

Any of several trees, genus Durio, of Southeast Asia.


eggnog

eggnog (countable and uncountable, plural eggnogs)

American English c. 1775 (although drinks like it are attested far earlier, e.g. posset, of which a monastic Christmas recipe used eggs), from egg + nog.
The second element is uncertain and long-debated; prominent claims include Norfolk dialect nog (“strong ale”), or a clipping of noggin (“small, carved wooden mug used to serve alcohol”) (q.v.). Other hypotheses include a variant of grog (“rum-and-water cocktail”), and descent from Old Norse (compare wassail).

A beverage based on milk, eggs, sugar, and nutmeg; often made alcoholic with rum, brandy, or whisky; popular at Christmas.


boiled egg

An egg which has been cooked in the shell in boiling water. It can be hard-boiled or soft-boiled.


patchouli

patchouli (countable and uncountable, plural patchoulis)

From Tamil பச்சை (paccai, “green”) + இலை (ilai, “leaf”).

Any of several East Indian plants in the genus Pogostemon, especially Pogostemon cablin, which yield a highly fragrant oil.


monkey bread

monkey bread (countable and uncountable, plural monkey breads)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-monkey bread.wav

(US) A soft, sweet, sticky pastry sprinkled with cinnamon, often served at fairs and festivals.


conker

From 19th-century dialect conker (“snail-shell”); the game of conkers was originally played using snail-shells; from conch + -er or a variant of conquer.

His bald spot gleams like a burnished conker.

2006, Peter Godwin, When a Crocodile Eats the Sun: A Memoir of Africa:

(British) A horse chestnut, used in the game of conkers.

pysen boced

horse chestnut used in the game of conkers


rocket

Borrowed from French roquette, from Italian ruchetta, diminutive of ruca, from Latin eruca. Cognate to arugula, rucola, eruca, roquette.

Eruca vesicaria
Eruca vesicaria#Translingual

The leaf vegetable Eruca sativa or Eruca vesicaria.


gooseberry

From goose + berry. It is possible that the first element was originally something related to the gros- of French groseille and/or the kruis- of Dutch kruisbes but has been altered by folk etymology.

Any of several other plants that are not closely related but bear fruit in some way similar:

Long Key locustberry or shiny locustberry (Byrsonima lucida)


ampelography

From French ampélographie, from ampelo- (“vine”) + -graphy.

She is the American apostle of Pierre Galet, a Frenchman whose internationally recognized contribution to ampelography, or the science of classifying grape vines, rests on identifying leaf design and the appearance of a vine's growing tips.

1986 August 6, Howard G. Goldberg, “Wine Talk”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, page C18:

Scientists are just now devising a genetic test to distinguish one rootstock from another. Until they do, the only recourse is the arcane art of ampelography, in which the vines are identified by physical appearance. Like art authenticators, ampelographers practice a craft that they would have others think is a science.

1993 October 17, Arthur Lubow, “What's Killing the Grapevines of Napa?”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:

The mainstay of grapevine identification is the science of ampelography, and manuals of ampelography (Galet 1971) are the major resource for grapevine identification.

1993, Proceedings of the Eighth Australian Wine Industry Technical Conference, Volume 8, Australian Wine Research Institute, page 78:

(botany, oenology) The discipline within botany concerned with the taxonomy of cultivars in the grapevine genus, Vitis.


Easter egg

/ˈiː.stəɹ ˌɛɡ/

Adventure (1980 video game)#Easter_egg
Easter egg

From Easter + egg. Cognate with German Low German Ooosterei (“Easter egg”), Middle High German ōsterei ("Easter egg"; > modern German Osterei).
So called because eggs would be eaten during Easter to break the fasting during Lent. (No eggs, dairy, meat except fish, lard, or foods containing these ingredients could be eaten during Lent.)
The computing sense is from the early 1980s, popularized by the video game Adventure.

gloss

"Easter egg"; > modern German <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">Osterei</i>

Because eggs were inexpensive in most regions, the practice of decorating Easter eggs crossed all social classes and remained somewhat simple.

2009, Ace Collins, chapter 23, in Stories Behind the Traditions and Songs of Easter:

A dyed or decorated egg, traditionally associated with Easter and, in the Western European tradition, sometimes hidden for children to find.


meu

(historical) The second minister of the Kingdom of Dahomey.


cascabel

The very pungent Mexican Cascabel looks a lot like the Cherry pepper when it is growing.[…]In the dry state the skin becomes translucent and the seeds are loose so that they rattle, hence cascabel, which means sleigh or jingle bells. Another cultivar, the elongate Catarina, is often called Cascabel because its dry seeds also make a noise within its translucent dry skin.

1984, Jean Andrews, Peppers: The Domesticated Capsicums, published 1995, page 100:

Cascabels are available dried in Latin American markets. Hot and nutty in flavor, cascabels are good in sauces, beans, and chilis.

1997, Didi Emmons, Vegetarian Planet: 350 Big-Flavor Recipes for Out-Of-This-World Food Every Day, page 415:

Prepare the cascabels using one of the methods in the Preparing Cascabels box, at left.

2004, Rick Greenspan, Hal Kahn, The Leave-No-Crumbs Camping Cookbook, page 94:

A small, round, hot variety of chili pepper, Capsicum annuum, which rattles when dry.

The cascabel, instead of being permanently attached to the breech of the piece, is set into it by means of a screw, and thus in reality the bore extends the entire distance of the gun, so that when the cascabel is taken off one can look directly through the gun.

1862, Samuel Kneeland, George Bliss, David Ames Wells, William Ripley Nichols, edited by Charles Robert Cross and John Trowbridge, Year-Book of Facts in Science and Art, page 91:

This iron cannon with a single muzzle band, without trunnions and with an oversized cascabel is believed by many to be the original “Come and Take It” cannon and is displayed at the Gonzales Memorial Museum and occasionally elsewhere within Texas.

2011, Roy F Sullivan, The Texas Revolution: Tejano Heroes, page 137:

I was looking at a 151 mm caliber cannon, which used the twentyfour pound cannon ball and displayed a beautiful lion′s head on the back end of its breach area. An elaborate cascabel stuck out of the mouth of each animal. The cascabel was primarily used to attach ropes that secured the cannon during the recoil blowback that came from firing.

2011, Chris Messner, Cuba Open from the Inside: Travels in the Forbidden Land:

A knob at the end of a cannon, cast onto the gun breech, to which a heavy rope is attached in order to control recoil.


egg salad

en-noun

egg salad (usually uncountable, plural egg salads)

A dish made primarily of chopped hard-boiled eggs and mayonnaise, often including other ingredients such as celery or mustard; it is frequently used as a sandwich spread.


ovulate

en-verb

ovulate (third-person singular simple present ovulates, present participle ovulating, simple past and past participle ovulated)

ovulates (present singular third-person)
ovulating (participle present)
ovulated (participle past)
ovulated (past)

Other studies have shown that women living near the equator have a marked tendency to ovulate during the full moon.

1981, William Irwin Thompson, The Time Falling Bodies Take to Light: Mythology, Sexuality and the Origins of Culture, London: Rider/Hutchinson & Co., page 96:


Grand National

The premier steeplechase (horse race over fences) in the United Kingdom


steeplechase

Compound of steeple + chase, from horse races in 18th century Ireland in which orientation of the course was by reference to a church steeple.

(chiefly British, equestrianism) A horse race, either across open country, or over an obstacle course.


souped-up

en-adj

souped-up (comparative more souped-up, superlative most souped-up)

more souped-up (comparative)
most souped-up (superlative)

Uncertain; the fact that the earlier senses seem to be the horse racing cant and United States Navy slang ones suggests a derivation from soup (“liquid food item”), connoting a horse or a person being filled with a liquid.
Alternatively, it has been suggested that the term is a modified clipping of supe(r), with reference to an aeroplane or automobile engine being supercharged: see, for example, the 1925 quotation. This sense appears to post-date the horse-racing and navy slang senses.

(horse racing, cant) Of a racehorse: injected with a substance to make it run faster or to change its temperament.

napumpan

of a racehorse: injected with a substance to make it run faster


warden

→ Welsh: warden, gwarden

From Middle English wardein, from Anglo-Norman wardein, from warder (“to guard”), variant of Old French guarder (“to guard”) (whence modern French garder, also English guard), from Proto-Germanic *ward-; related to Old High German wartēn (“to watch”). Compare guardian, French gardien, from Old French guardian, guardein. Compare also ward and reward. Doublet of guardian.

An official charged with supervisory duties or with the enforcement of specific laws or regulations; such as a game warden or air-raid warden.

nəzarətçi

an official charged with supervisory duties


watercress

en-noun

watercress (countable and uncountable, plural watercresses)

/ˈwɔːtəkɹɛs/

/ˈwɔtəɹkɹɛs/

From Middle English water cresse, water-kresse, watercrasse, water cars, equivalent to water + cress. Cognate with West Frisian waterkers (“watercress”), Dutch waterkers (“watercress”), Swedish vattenkrasse (“watercress”).

Nasturtium officinale
Nasturtium officinale#Translingual

A perennial European herb, Nasturtium officinale, that grows in freshwater streams; used in salads and as a garnish.


yolk

yolk (countable and uncountable, plural yolks)

From Middle English yolke, yelke, ȝolke, ȝelke, from Old English ġeolca, ġeoloca, ġioleca (“the yellow part, yolk”), from ġeolu (“yellow”).

To make meringue, you have to separate the white from the yolk.

The yellow, spherical part of an egg that is surrounded by the white albumen, and serves as nutriment for the growing young.

кӏэнкӏэ кугъу

kʼɛnkʼɛ kʷuğʷu

джэдыкӏэ кугъуэ

džɛdəkʼɛ kʷuğʷɛ

Wool-growers appear to entertain different opinions in regard to the effect which yolk has on the value of the fleece. Some seem to suppose that the aggregate amount which they receive for their wool is increased from the greater weight which it possesses by being charged with this substance[…]

The grease in a sheep's fleece; lanolin.


yolk

en-verb

yolk (third-person singular simple present yolks, present participle yolking, simple past and past participle yolked)

yolks (present singular third-person)
yolking (participle present)
yolked (participle past)
yolked (past)

This is surprising in that these females were yolking up their clutch of eggs

1981, Barbara Rae Rose, Activity and Reproduction in Iguanid Lizards, page 12:


egg white

en-noun

egg white (countable and uncountable, plural egg whites)

Probably a remodelled form of Middle English whit of an egge (“white of an egg”). Compare Old Norse eggja-hvíta (“egg-white”), German Eiweiß.

der

The clear part of an egg surrounding the yolk, which turns white when cooked or beaten.


vintage

en-noun

vintage (countable and uncountable, plural vintages)

From Middle English vendage, vyndage, from Anglo-Norman vendenge, from Old French vendage, vendenge (cognate with French vendange), from Latin vindēmia (“a gathering of grapes, vintage”), from vīnum (“wine”) + dēmō (“take off or away, remove”), from de (“of; from, away from”) + emō (“take”).

der

I had this story from one who had no business to tell it to me, or to any other. I may credit the seductive influence of an old vintage upon the narrator for the beginning of it, and my own skeptical incredulity during the days that followed for the balance of the strange tale.

1914, Edgar Rice Burroughs, chapter 1, in Tarzan of the Apes:

Wine, especially high-quality, identified as to year and vineyard or district of origin.

вино́ урожа́я

определённого го́да


albumen

en-noun

albumen (countable and uncountable, plural albumens or albumina)

From Latin albūmen (“white of an egg”), from albus (“white”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élbʰos (“white”).

The various elements found in food are the following: Starch, sugar, fats, albumen, mineral substances, indigestible substances.

1892, Ella Eaton Kellogg, “Foods”, in Science in the Kitchen: A Scientific Treatise on Food Substances and Their Dietetic Properties, Together with a Practical Explanation of the Principles of Healthful Cookery, and a Large Number of Original, Palatable, and Wholesome Recipes, Revised edition, Michigan: Health Publishing Company, page 25:

The white part of an egg; being mostly the protein albumin and water.


winegrower

A person or company that owns a vineyard and produces wine, a vinedresser.


veggie

Clipping of vegetable and/or vegetarian + -ie.

There was lots of rice, at least 20 different "veggies" and all kinds of soups.

1931, United States. Dept. of Agriculture, Yearbook of agriculture, page 13:

and eight small dishes of 'veggies,' as we have taught our children lovingly to term that important item of food known as vegetables.

1937, American cookery, volume 42, page 498:

Vegetarian/vegan meals at most colleges are only pretty average. They have a long way to go to provide nutritionally adequate and tasty food for veggies.

2018, Andrew Linzey, Clair Linzey, Ethical Vegetarianism and Veganism:


veggie

en-adj

veggie (comparative more veggie, superlative most veggie)

more veggie (comparative)
most veggie (superlative)

One place was too crowded last time, another too expensive, a third she liked but he thought too "veggie."

Diet for a Small Planet was also popular at the time, but it was a little too 'veggie,' a little too new for some people.

2001 January 20, “Simplicity of Mennonite cookbook makes converts”, in Dallas Morning News:

The main courses are heavy on beans and may be too veggie for the typical meat eater to swallow but side dishes are less exotic and just as healthy ...

2001 September 16, “Fighting cancer with a menu”, in Chicago Tribune:

Steven Beeson of Milwaukee won a blue ribbon with this very veggie entree

2004 September 1, “Pasta Thai a winner in new competition”, in Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Journal-Sentinel:

(informal) Vegetarian; suitable for vegetarians; without meat.

vega

informal: vegetarian; suitable for vegetarians — see also vegetarian

So we actually proved that the old folklore about a dense canopy leading to very veggie wines was true, Noble said.

1993 July 21, “Reading between the WINES”, in San Diego (California) Union-Tribune:

They're neither too sweet nor too veggie, but like the other bars, have more calories than a bucket of broccoli.

2009 February 4, “The Edgy Veggie: Some greens with that candy bar?”, in Oakland (California) Tribune:


impost

Borrowed from Middle French impost, itself borrowed or adapted from Latin impōsitus, past participle of impōnō (“I impose”).

(horse racing, slang) The weight that must be carried by a horse in a race, the handicap.


scrambled egg

en-noun

scrambled egg (countable and uncountable, plural scrambled eggs)

The gold braid sense is by fancied resemblance to the literal sense, with irreverence implied.

(usually in the plural) A dish made by beating and cooking eggs, sometimes mixed with milk, and typically stirred while cooking.


robe

→ Irish: róba

→ Scottish Gaelic: ròb

From Middle English robe, roobe, from Old French robe, robbe, reube (“booty, spoils of war, robe, garment”), from Frankish *rouba, *rauba (“booty, spoils, stolen clothes”, literally “things taken”), from Proto-Germanic *raubō, *raubaz, *raubą (“booty, that which is stripped or carried away”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to tear, peel”).
cognates and related terms
Akin to Old High German roup (“booty”) (Modern German Raub (“robbery, spoils”)), Old High German roubōn (“to rob, steal”) (Modern German rauben (“to rob”)), Old English rēaf (“spoils, booty, dress, armour, robe, garment”), Old English rēafian (“to steal, deprive”). Cognate with Spanish ropa (“clothing, clothes”). More at rob, reaf, reave.

cog

Through tattered clothes small vices do appear; / Robes and furred gowns hide all.

c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vi]:

A long loose outer garment, often signifying honorary stature.

A wardrobe, especially one built into a bedroom.

The largest and strongest tobacco leaves.


robe

en-verb

robe (third-person singular simple present robes, present participle robing, simple past and past participle robed)

robes (present singular third-person)
robing (participle present)
robed (participle past)
robed (past)

(intransitive) To put on official vestments.


roastnear

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-roastnear.wav

(US, slang) An ear of corn or corn on the cob.


Punic apple

Punica granatum
Punica granatum#Translingual


mugwort

en-noun

mugwort (countable and uncountable, plural mugworts)

From Middle English mugwort, mugwyrt, mucgwurt, from Old English mucgwyrt, mucwyrt et al., from Proto-Germanic; probably corresponding to midge + wort. Cognate with regional Low German muggart, mugwurz.

Artemisia princeps - Japanese mugwort ()

used as a culinary herb and in traditional Chinese medicine

Any of several aromatic plants of the genus Artemisia native to Europe and Asia.


oology

/əʊˈɒləd͡ʒi/

LL-Q1860_(eng)-I learned some phrases-oology.wav

From oo- (prefix meaning ‘relating to eggs or ova’) + -logy (suffix indicating a branch of learning or study of a subject). The word is cognate with French oologie, Late Latin oologia.

confix

Yet it is not difficult to see that Oölogy promises to become an important auxiliary both in aiding to determine natural divisions, and to enable us to decide in regard to varieties the specific identity of which is in doubt. Let us take an instance. [...] Without looking at all to the external structure of these birds, Oölogy would seem to indicate that the Cat-Bird, though closely allied to the true Mocking-Bird, is at least one step, and that the Brown Thrush is even farther, removed.

1857, Thomas M[ayo] Brewer, “Introduction”, in North American Oölogy (Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge; XI), part I (Raptores and Fissirostres), Washington, D.C.: Published by the Smithsonian Institution, published 1859, →OCLC, page vi:

Now here is just one of those cases, which bring the study of Oology, and very justly, into more discredit than any other thing. M. [Alfred] Moquin-Tandon's egg is very likely that of a Booted Eagle; but where is the proof of the fact? Absolutely, as we read it, there is none. [...] There are many collectors in this country, who yearly spend large sums in buying eggs from dealers—utterly un-identified, or with (since identification of eggs has lately become somewhat fashionable) a plausible history, but one that will not bear investigation.

1858 December, “IX. Review of Mr. [C. R.] Brees ‘Birds of Europe Not Observed in the British Isles.’”, in Philip Lutley Sclater, editor, The Ibis, a Magazine of General Ornithology, volume I, number I, London: N[icholas] Trübner and Co., […], published January 1859, →ISSN, →OCLC, pages 96–97:

A short sketch, such as Mr. [Cholmondeley] Pennell's, of the economy of the Bird, would be a most valuable addition to our ordinary ornithologies and oologies. He said oologies, for even in the egg of the bird the special needs of the forthcoming bird seemed to be more especially provided for than in the eggs of other families much higher in the scale.

[1864 February, [George] Rolleston, “Meeting of British Association. [Physiology.]”, in David A. P. Watt, editor, The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist: A Bi-monthly Journal of Natural Science […], volume I (Second Series), Montreal, Que.: Dawson Brothers, […], →OCLC, page 76:

When we come to examine the oölogy of the great Columbo-gallinaceous group, one well represented in the avifauna of the United States, it is possible to make the comparisons quite extensive, owing to [Charles] Bendire's exhaustive labors, as seen in his fine quarto volume already spoken of at the beginning of this paper.

1893, R[obert] W[ilson] Shufeldt, “Comparative Oölogy of North American Birds”, in Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, Showing the Operations, Expenditures, and Condition of the Institution for the Year Ending June 30, 1892: Report of the U.S. National Museum (The Miscellaneous Documents of the House of Representatives for the Second Session of the Fifty-second Congress; Mis. Doc. 114, part 2), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 473:

The philosophy behind this meeting was to bring together scientists who specialised in the incubation and physiology of avian embryos with those workers interested in reptilian eggs and embryos. Leading authorities within many fields of incubation, oology and embryology were invited to give a presentation reviewing current knowledge within their sphere of research.

1991, D. Charles Deeming, Mark W. J. Ferguson, editors, Egg Incubation: Its Effects on Embryonic Development in Birds and Reptiles, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page ix:

Besides his life as a student, Han [Henri Jacob Victor Sody] continued to be interested in ornithology, particularly oology. Apparently, he was a diligent collector of birds' eggs, both in the vicinity of Wageningen, and on excursion for this purpose to other places (Breda, Texel, etc.), and compiled a catalogue of eggs collected by him in The Netherlands.

1989, J. H. Becking, “Biography”, in Henri Jacob Victor Sody (1892–1959): His Life and Work: A Biographical and Bibliographical Study, Leiden: E[vert] J[an] Brill, →ISBN, section c (Scientific Interests and Achievements), page 8:

In the late nineteenth century, there was a huge upsurge of interest in natural history collections by scientists and ordinary citizens. Victorian homes were commonly decorated with collections of stuffed birds, and oology, the study and collection of eggs blown clean of their contents, was all the rage.

2010, Peter Capainolo, Carol A. Butler, “Raptor Reproduction”, in How Fast can a Falcon Dive?: Fascinating Answers to Questions about Birds of Prey (Animal Q&A), New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, →ISBN, page 84:

Dave Marshall, Frank Graham, Chuck Henny, Lloyd Kiff, Phil Cuthbert, and Joe Mazzoni shared their knowledge of hunting, oölogy, and bird-skin preservation, and provided philosophical insight concerning men's desire to hunt.

2011 December, Renée Thompson, “Acknowledgements”, in The Plume Hunter, Torrey, Ut.: Torrey House Press, →ISBN, page 260:

Rudolf II's mania for [Bartholomeus] Spranger's porny Roman goddesses, Ferdinand II's devotion to big altarpieces, sudden gusts of oology, a bouquet of flowers made from precious stones given to Franz I by Maria Theresa – these all now became part of public sensibility.

2013, Simon Winder, Danubia: A Personal History of Habsburg Europe, London: Picador, →ISBN; republished London: Picador, 2014, →ISBN, page 425:

Barely a day went by when Franklin [Delano Roosevelt] didn't talk about the world of birds. At ten years old he started dabbling in oology, the collecting of eggs and nests.

2016, Douglas Brinkley, “‘All that is in Me Goes back to the Hudson’”, in Rightful Heritage: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Land of America, New York, N.Y.: Harper, HarperCollins, →ISBN, part I (The Education of a Hudson River Conservationist, 1882–1932), section III:

Oology is the 'pseudo-science' of egg-collecting. For much of the 19th and early 20th centuries this was a respectable and popular activity, very much part of the ornithological establishment. However, as bird protection gradually gained in popularity, egg-collecting declined, and was finally made illegal under various Bird Protection Acts following the Second World War.

2016, Stephen Moss, “How Do We Relate to Birds?”, in Do Birds have Knees?: All Your Bird Questions Answered (RSPB series), London, New York, N.Y.: Bloomsbury Natural History, Bloomsbury Publishing, →ISBN, page 225, column 2:

The hobby or practice of collecting birds' eggs, especially those of wild birds.


fraise

en-verb

fraise (third-person singular simple present fraises, present participle fraising, simple past and past participle fraised)

fraises (present singular third-person)
fraising (participle present)
fraised (participle past)
fraised (past)

From Middle English fraisen, from Old English frāsian (“to ask, try, tempt”), from Proto-Germanic *fraisōną (“to attempt, try”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to attempt, try; risk, peril”). Cognate with West Frisian freezje (“to fear”), Dutch vrezen (“to fear, dread, be afraid”), German freisen (“to put at risk, endanger, terrify”).
Alternatively the Middle English fraisen was borrowed from Middle Dutch vreisen, vresen (“to be afraid; to endanger, threaten, frighten”), from Old Dutch *freisōn, *frēsōn, from the same Proto-West Germanic source above.

cog

(transitive, archaic) To put in danger, in terror, or at risk.


Jaffa orange

Named after Jaffa, where it was first produced for export.

A sweet, nearly seedless variety of orange.


bok choy

/ˌbɒkˈt͡ʃɔɪ/

Borrowed from Cantonese 白菜 (baak⁶ coi³, “white vegetable”). Doublet of pechay.

A new highway near Hong Kong has the right-of-way where a farmer now squeezes in a patch of bok choy. In the past decade development has overrun much of China's arable land.

1998 October, T. R. Reid, “Feeding the Planet”, in National Geographic, number 4, page 75:

Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis#Translingual

Chinese cabbage, Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis, an East Asian leafy vegetable related to the Western cabbage.

pak-choi

Chinese cabbage, Brassica rapa chinensis


broccoli

en-noun

broccoli (countable and uncountable, plural broccolis or broccoli)

→ Japanese: ブロッコリー (burokkorī)

1699, Italian broccoli, plural of broccolo (“cabbage sprout, head”), diminutive of brocco (“shoot, sprout”) (which is also the origin of brocade), from Latin broccus (“pointed, sharp, projecting; buck-toothed”), possibly of Gaulish origin, related to Proto-Celtic *brokkos (“badger”) or Proto-Celtic *brozdos (“tip, point”) (compare Scottish Gaelic brog (“pointed instrument, awl”), Welsh procio (“thrust, poke”), Old English brord (“point, spike”)). More at brochure, brad.

cog

You can also get oriental broccolis such as kailaan and nabana, which are easy to grow and really tasty.

2010, Sven Wombwell, Allotment Gardening For Dummies, John Wiley & Sons, Growing Oriental Leaf Vegetables

Examples of leafy vegetables are broccoli, spinach, celery, and chicory.

2013, Anselm Anyoha, MD, How Broccoli-Head Lost Thirty Pounds: A Handbook for Healthy Living, iUniverse, →ISBN, page 83:

A plant, Brassica oleracea var. italica, of the cabbage family, Brassicaceae; especially, the tree-shaped flower and stalk that are eaten as a vegetable.


groundnut

From ground + nut. Compare Icelandic jarðhneta, German Erdnuss and Hungarian földimogyoró.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea#Translingual

A plant which bears its nutlike seeds underground, such as a peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or a Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea).


egg yolk

en-noun

egg yolk (countable and uncountable, plural egg yolks)

From Middle English egyolk, egge yolk, equivalent to egg + yolk. Compare Dutch eigeel (“egg yolk”), German Low German Eigeel (“egg yolk”), German Eigelb (“egg yolk”), Swedish äggula (“egg yolk”).

The central part of a chicken’s (or other bird’s) egg, yellow when fresh.


bugle

From Middle English bugle (“bugleweed”), from Anglo-Norman and Old French bugle, from Medieval Latin bugilla, probably related to Late Latin bugillo.

Ajuga reptans
Ajuga reptans#Translingual

A plant in the family Lamiaceae grown as a ground cover Ajuga reptans, and other plants in the genus Ajuga.


passion fruit

passion fruit (countable and uncountable, plural passion fruit or passion fruits)

passion fruit (plural)
passion fruits (plural)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *peh₁-der.?
Proto-Indo-European *pet-der.?
Latin patior
Proto-Italic *-tjō
Latin -tiō
Latin passiōbor.
Old English passion
Latin passiōbor.
Old French passionbor.
Middle English passioun
English passion
Latin frūctus
Old French fruitbor.
Middle English fruyt
English fruit
English passion fruit
From passion + fruit.

etymon

“Ah my little passion fruit,” José cooed, “I knew it. You are feeling the love too!”

(colloquial) A person whom one cherishes very much, especially a woman.


mandarin orange

en-noun

mandarin orange (plural mandarin oranges)

Citrus reticulata
Citrus reticulata#Translingual

A small citrus tree (Citrus reticulata) with oblate fruits smaller than the (so-named) sweet oranges.

Citrus unshiu
Citrus unshiu#Translingual

The fruit of this tree; in loose, informal usage, the term may include other similar citrus fruits such as Citrus unshiu (satsuma or mikan).


elderberry

Etymology tree
Middle English eldre
English elder
Proto-Germanic *bazją
Proto-West Germanic *baʀi
Old English berġe
Middle English berye
English berry
English elderberry
Compound of elder + berry.

etymon

Any shrub or tree of the genus Sambucus;


mung

en-noun

mung (countable and uncountable, plural mungs)

From Hindi मूँग (mūṅg), from Sanskrit मुद्ग (mudga).

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata#Translingual

mung bean (Vigna radiata, syn. Phaseolus aureus), cultivated for its sprouts.


amaranth

amaranth (countable and uncountable, plural amaranths)

Borrowed from French amarante, or directly from its etymon Latin amarantus (the word ending influenced by plant names derived from Ancient Greek ἄνθος (ánthos, “a bloom, blossom, flower”)), from Ancient Greek ἀμάραντος (amárantos, “eternal, undying, unfading, unwilting; amaranth; everlasting flower”) (modern Greek αμάραντος (amárantos)), from ᾰ̓- (a-, the alpha privativum, a prefix forming words having a sense opposite to the word or stem to which it is attached) + μαραίνω (maraínō, “to shrivel, wither”) + -τος (-tos, suffix forming adjectives).

edible amaranth

Chinese amaranth, Ganges amaranth, willow-leaf amaranth; Amaranthus tricolor

In the Beginning of September, the Amaranths will have perfected their Seeds, ſo that you muſt make Choice of the largeſt, moſt beautiful, and beſt branching Plants of each Kind for Seed; […]

1733, Philip Miller, “AMARANTHUS, or AMARANTUS”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 1:

Floral Decorations. […] Two pyramids of flowers, amaranths, asters, &c. A shield, or circular design, the ground of moss, ornamented with dahlias and globe amaranths.

1848 December, “Art. III. Exhibitions of Horicultural Societies.”, in The Magazine of Horticulture, Botany, and All Useful Discoveries and Improvements in Rural Affairs, volume XIV, number XII, Boston, Mass.: Hovey and Co., →OCLC, page 556:

To-morrow, oh, to-morrow, / In pastures green, where living waters swell, / And feed that fruitful tree, / We'll find the amaranth and asphodel, / There Mary's peerless lilies blossom well.

1905 January 19, Hetta L. H. Ward, “To-day”, in Henry Chandler Bowen, editor, The Independent, volume LVIII, number 2929, New York, N.Y.: The Independent, […], →OCLC, page 130, column 2:

[…] Chrysanthemum coronarium, L. (hao-ts‘ai (蒿菜), and an amaranth (Amarantus gangeticus, L.), hsien-ts‘ai (莧菜), are cultivated for the sake of their leaves.

1924, “[Reports from Ports] Hangchow”, in Decennial Reports on the Trade, Industries, etc., of the Ports Open to Foreign Commerce, and on the Condition and Development of the Treaty Port Provinces. 1912–21. Fourth Issue. […] (China. The Maritime Customs. I.—Statistical Series; no. 6), volumes II (Southern and Frontier Ports), Shanghai: Published at the Statistical Department of the Inspector General of Customs; sold by Kelly & Walsh, Limited [et al.], →OCLC, page 86:

[A]s she stood by the grilled entrance waiting for an answer to the message on her card, she might have been looking into Hollywood. The bizarre débris of some recent picture, a decayed street scene in India, a great cardboard whale, a monstrous tree bearing cherries large as basketballs, bloomed there by exotic dispensation, autochthonous as the pale amaranth, mimosa, cork oak, or dwarfed pine.

1934, F[rancis] Scott Fitzgerald, Tender is the Night: A Romance, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, →OCLC; republished as chapter VI, in Malcolm Cowley, editor, Tender is the Night: A Romance … With the Author’s Final Revisions, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1951, →OCLC, book II (Rosemary’s Angle: 1919–1925), page 79:

Such vegetable amarants have a fair content of protein and are rich in Vitamins A and C, as well as in minerals; but they contain also slight amounts of anti-nutritional factors, especially oxalates and nitrates. These leaf-producing amarants are adapted to many different ecological environments.

1989, Heinz Brücher, “Farinaceous Plants”, in Useful Plants of Neotropical Origin and Their Wild Relatives, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, section 1 (Amaranthus spp.), page 54:

While seabeach amaranth is a fugitive annual, its habitat requirements are known; it is found on sandy ocean beaches, where its primary habitat consists of overwash flats at accreting ends of islands and the sparsely vegetated zone between the high-tide line and the toe of the primary dune on non-eroding beaches. This narrow habitat niche for seabeach amaranth is bounded by its relative intolerance of flooding in lower beach settings and competition with other plants in upper beach and dune settings.

2010 November, “Appendix C: Concern Response Report [NPS Response to Comments on the Draft Plan/EIS]”, in Cape Hatteras National Seashore Off-road Vehicle Management Plan Final Environmental Impact Statement (NPS FES 10-55), volume 2, [Washington, D.C.]: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, →OCLC, page C-223:

Any of various herbs of the genus Amaranthus.

amaranth:

[F]rom the mixture of blue and ſcarlet are form'd amaranth, violet, and panſy; from the ſame mixture of blue and crimſon red are form'd the columbine or dove Colour, purple, crimſon, amaranth, panſy and crimſon violet.

1735, “COLOURS us’d in DYING”, in Dictionarium Polygraphicum: Or, The Whole Body of Arts Regularly Digested. […], volume I, London: Printed for C. Hitch and C. Davis […], and S. Austen […], →OCLC:

Almost all the specimens [of stamps] with this watermark are perforated. They are—the amaranth penny with two florets and two letters; the same with four letters, whatever the value of the minute figure at the sides; and the current penny with four letters, deep amaranth colour.

1866 February 1, “Postage-stamp Paper & Watermarks”, in The Stamp-collector’s Magazine, volume IV, London: E. Marlborough & Co., […]; Bath, Somerset: Alfred Smith & Co., […], →OCLC, page 18, column 1:

Cotton stuff mordanted with alumina alone takes an amaranth, red or violet rose red colour. […] Amaranth, red, bluish rose, poppy, and scarlet are the colours prepared by the dyer with ordinary cochineal. Ammoniacal cochineal gives amaranth colours, and is employed in combination with many other colours.

1872 June, “Chemicals and Dye Wares. VI.”, in The Chemical Review: A Monthly Journal […], volume I, number 10, London: The Chemical Review Office, […], →OCLC, page 155, column 2:

As a colour, too, amaranth has gone to a decline. It was well enough known in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to make it into both dictionaries and fashion reports. […] Time, sadly, has given the lie to Aesop: the rose’s beauty is as beloved as ever, while amaranth’s fortunes have withered.

2016, Kassia St Clair, “Amaranth”, in The Secret Lives of Colour, London: John Murray, →ISBN:

The characteristic purplish-red colour of the flowers or leaves of these plants.

Amaranth, the most common red food colour in both the US and UK, was banned last week in the US after a study suggested that it caused cancer in rats. […] The situation is confused, however, because the test rats were mixed up with the controls in the US tests, and because some tests have indicated hazards while similar tests show the dye to be safe. In April 1975, the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) gave amaranth temporary approval through 1978.

1976 January 29, “US Bans Commonest Red Food Colour”, in Bernard Dixon, editor, New Scientist, volume 69, number 985, London: New Science Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 234, column 1:

Amaranth is a red azo-dye with the chemical name trisodium 2-hydroxyl-1-(4-sulfonato-1-naphthylazo)naphthalene-3,6-disulfonate […]. Amaranth appears to be relatively unstable in solution and in processed food. Biscuits containing Amaranth showed a loss of 39–45% promoted by the use of baking soda, sucrose, and dextrose. The degradation of Amaranth may lead to the presence of naphthenic acid equivalent to the loss of Amaranth.

2015, J. König, “Food Colour Additives of Synthetic Origin”, in Michael J. Scotter, editor, Colour Additives for Foods and Beverages (Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition; no. 279), Amsterdam: Elsevier; Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Woodhead Publishing, →ISBN, part 1 (Development and Regulatory Issues for Food Colourings), section 2.2.4 (Amaranth), page 41:

(organic chemistry) A red to purple azo dye used as a biological stain, and in some countries in cosmetics and as a food colouring. See Amaranth (dye).

They [the Aztecs] considered the plant sacred and it played a key role in many rituals. The Catholic Spaniards were particularly disturbed by the practice of mixing a little blood from human sacrifices into amaranth dough, baking it into cakes which were then broken up and eaten by the faithful. […] In the nineteenth century there were reports of rosaries being made out of the stuff, and popped amaranth, mixed with honey, is still used to make a sweet called alegria ('happiness') in Mexico.

(cooking) The seed of these plants, used as a cereal.


under the wire

Lying forward flattened along Sunfish's hard-muscled shoulders, Bud was gaining and gaining—one length, then two lengths as he shot under the wire, slowed and rode back to find a silent crowd watching him.

1921, B. M. Bower, chapter 15, in Cow-Country:


chili

en-noun

chili (countable and uncountable, plural chilis or chilies)

Borrowed from Spanish chile, from Classical Nahuatl chīlli.

Capsicum—the dried ripe fruit of Capsicum fastigiatum—is also known as Chilly pepper, Chillies, Guinea, or pod pepper, and is chiefly brought from Zanzibar. The several varieties differ in shape and size, are of a red colour, and filled with numerous red-brown, pungent seeds.

1874, Finlay Dun, “Peppers”, in Veterinary Medicines: Their Actions and Uses, 4th edition, New York, N.Y.: William Wood & Company, →OCLC, pages 442–443:

Kama Indian Bistro, […] Everything is made from scratch, including the spice blends and sauces; the ingredients are quality; and the heat is no-holds-barred. Planks of crispy, "chilly" potatoes and elegant, delicately flavored shrimp Sunnaina in white-wine garlic-tomato concassé are hits.

2014, Jennifer Olvera, “Suburban Stunners, Stalwarts & Surprises”, in Amy Lyons, editor, Food Lovers’ Guide to Chicago: The Best Restaurants, Markets & Local Culinary Offerings (Food Lovers’ Series), 2nd edition, Guilford, Conn.: Globe Pequot Press, →ISBN, page 187:

(countable) The pungent, spicy fresh or dried fruit of any of several cultivated varieties of capsicum peppers, used in cooking.

(uncountable) Powdered chili pepper, used as a spice or flavouring in cooking.


chili

Ellipsis of chili con carne, from Spanish chile con carne (literally “chili with meat”).

der

(chiefly US) A dish made with chili peppers and other ingredients, such as beans and beef.


labiate

en-adj

labiate (comparative more labiate, superlative most labiate)

more labiate (comparative)
most labiate (superlative)

(botany, of flowers such as the snapdragon) Having the corolla divided into two liplike parts.

huulimainen

having corolla divided into two liplike parts

(botany) of, or belonging to the mint family (Labiatae, now Lamiaceae).


labiate

(botany) A plant of the mint family (Labiatae)


cedar

en-noun

cedar (countable and uncountable, plural cedars)

Cedar Beach
Cedar Bluff
Cedar Bluffs
Cedar City
Cedar Crest
Cedar Falls
Cedar Fire
Cedar Forest
Cedar Fort
Cedar Glen Lakes
Cedar Glen West
Cedar Grove
Cedar Hill
Cedar Hill Lakes
Cedar Hills
Cedar Island
Cedar Key
Cedar Lake
Cedar Mill
Cedar Mills
Cedar Mountain
Cedar Park
Cedar Revolution
Cedar River
Cedar Springs
Cedar Township
Cedar Vale
Cedar Valley
cedar

From Middle English cedre, probably from Old French cedre, from Latin cedrus, from Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros).
Some suggest that the Middle English word was partially from Old English ċeder, but the gap in attestation between the two words makes this proposal unlikely.

(uncountable) The aromatic wood from a Cedrus tree, or from any of several not closely related trees.


oregano

oregano (usually uncountable, plural oreganos)

/ɒɹɪˈɡɑːnəʊ/

From Spanish orégano (“wild marjoram”), from Latin orīganum, from Ancient Greek ὀρίγανον (oríganon). Doublet of origanum.

Mexican oregano

Lippia graveolens and Poliomintha longiflora

Other herbs with a similar flavor, including other species in the genus Origanum, and Mexican oregano, Lippia graveolens


aubergine

Bislama: obesin

Unadapted borrowing from French aubergine, from Catalan albergínia, from Arabic اَلْبَاذِنْجَان (al-bāḏinjān, “the aubergine”), from Persian بادنجان (bâdenjân), from باتنجان (bâtenjân), from Sanskrit वातिगगम (vātigagama, “the plant that cures the wind”), cognate with Malayalam വഴുതന (vaḻutana). Doublet of brinjal.

der

اَلْبَاذِنْجَان

Solanum melongena
Solanum melongena#Translingual

(British, Ireland) An Asian plant, Solanum melongena, cultivated for its edible purple, green, or white ovoid fruit; eggplant.

(British, Ireland) The fruit of this plant, eaten as a vegetable.


quoin

In Casterbridge there stood a noble pile, […]
But evil days beset that domicile;
The stately beauties of its roof and wall
Passed into sordid hands. Condemned to fall
Were cornice, quoin, and cove,
And all that art had wove in antique style.

1901, Thomas Hardy, A Man (In Memory Of H. Of M.):

Any of the corner building blocks of a building, usually larger or more ornate than the surrounding blocks.

(firearms) A wedge of wood or iron put under the breech of heavy guns or the muzzle of siege-mortars to raise them to the proper level.

(horticulture) A number of apple varieties with a distinctive ribbed appearance, like corners of a coin.


quoin

en-verb

quoin (third-person singular simple present quoins, present participle quoining, simple past and past participle quoined)

quoins (present singular third-person)
quoining (participle present)
quoined (participle past)
quoined (past)

(transitive) To wedge or steady with quoins.


aloo

From Hindustani آلو (ālo) / आलू (ālū), ultimately from Sanskrit आलु (ālu), said to mean the edible root of a variety of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius.


tabontabon

A fruit, Atuna racemosa, used to make kinilaw.


quince

en-noun

quince (countable and uncountable, plural quinces)

→ Thai: ควินซ์ (kwíns)

→ Welsh: cwins

From Middle English quynce, coince, a variant of coins, coin (“quince”), from Old French cooing (modern coing), from Late Latin cotōneum, from Latin mālum cotōneum, a variant of mālum Cydonium (“Cydonian apple”), translating Ancient Greek μηλοκυδώνιον (mēlokudṓnion).

der

μηλοκυδώνιον

Cydonia oblonga
Cydonia oblonga#Translingual

(countable) The pear-shaped fruit of a small tree of the rose family, Cydonia oblonga.


eggshell

From Middle English eggeshell, ege schelle, egg-shel, egg shelle (also as Middle English eye schell, ey-schel, ey-schelle), partially continuing Old English ǣġsċill, ǣġsċyll (“eggshell”), equivalent to egg + shell. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Oaierskil (“eggshell”), Dutch eierschaal (“eggshell”), German Eierschale (“eggshell”), Danish æggeskal (“eggshell”), Swedish äggskal (“eggshell”).

cog

Like Egge-ſhels mou'd upon their Surges, crack'd / As eaſily ’gainſt our Rockes.

1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene i], page 380:


eggshell

en-adj

eggshell (comparative more eggshell, superlative most eggshell)

more eggshell (comparative)
most eggshell (superlative)

eggshell porcelain

Exhibiting the thinness, translucency or near-transparency, and fragility of an eggshell.

This clear varnish is available in gloss, matt and eggshell finishes.

Very matt, having a low reflexivity, like an eggshell.


eggplant

en-noun

eggplant (countable and uncountable, plural eggplants)

From egg + plant, originally applied only to the white-colored, egg-shaped variety.

(Canada, US, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines) The plant Solanum melongena.


ashen

en-adj

ashen (comparative more ashen, superlative most ashen)

more ashen (comparative)
most ashen (superlative)

From Middle English asshen, axen (“ash-colored; pale; lifeless”), equivalent to ash + -en (“made or consisting of”).

His ashen face belied his claims of good health.

пе́пельно се́рый (pépelʹno séryj, literally “ash gray”)


balloon vine

A tropical perennial climbing vine, Cardiospermum halicacabum, having ornamental balloon-like fruits, and used in traditional Chinese medicine.


ait

From Scots ait, ate, from Middle English ate, from Old English āte. More at oat.

Let husky wheat the haughs adorn,
An' aits set up their awnie horn,