almond

en-noun

almond (countable and uncountable, plural almonds)

From Middle English almond, almaund, from Old French almande, amande, from Vulgar Latin *amendla, *amandula, from Latin amygdala, from Ancient Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē), of uncertain origin. Influenced by amandus and by many European words of Arabic origin beginning with the Arabic definite article Arabic ال (al-). Compare Spanish almóndiga and Portuguese almôndega (“meatball”) from Andalusian Arabic البُنْدُقَة (“hazelnut”). Doublet of amygdala, amygdale, and mandorla.

doublet

Other plants that produce almond-like nuts:

bitter almond. of variety Prunus amygdalus var. amara, (syn. Prunus dulcis var. amara), that only produces bitter fruits

Prunus japonica, flowering almond, an ornamental shrub in family Rosaceae

Prunus andersonii, desert almond, a North American shrub in family Rosaceae

Prunus fasciculata, desert range almond or wild almond, North American shrub in family Rosaceae

Terminalia catappa, Indian almond or tropical almond, in family Combretaceae

Terminalia catappa
Terminalia catappa#Translingual

Brabejum stellatifolium or bitter almond, in family Proteaceae


popcorn

en-noun

popcorn (countable and uncountable, plural popcorns)

Georgian: პოპკორნი (ṗoṗḳorni)

German: Popcorn

desc

Greek: ποπ κορν (pop korn), ποπκόρν (popkórn)

Icelandic: poppkorn

Japanese: ポップコーン (poppukōn)

Korean: 팝콘 (papkon)

Norwegian:

Bokmål: popkorn

Nynorsk: popkorn

Polish: popcorn

Russian: попко́рн (popkórn)

Swedish: popcorn

Short for popped + corn. By surface analysis, pop + corn.

(chiefly uncountable) A snack food made from corn or maize kernels popped by dry heating.

springmielie

a snack food made from corn kernels popped by dry heating

મકાઈની ધાણી

makāīnī dhāṇī


berry

→ Indonesian: beri

→ Japanese: ベリー (berī)

→ Thai: เบอร์รี (bəə-rîi)

→ Thai: เบอร์รี (bəə-rîi)

Etymology tree
Proto-Germanic *bazją
Proto-West Germanic *baʀi
Old English berġe
Middle English berye
English berry
From Middle English berye, from Old English berġe, from Proto-West Germanic *baʀi, from Proto-Germanic *bazją.
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Bäie, West Flemish beier, German Beere, Icelandic ber, Danish bær.
The slang sense "police car" may come from the lights on the vehicles' roofs.

etymon

the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice

the darker the berry, the sweeter the juice

(botany) A soft fruit which develops from a single ovary and contains seeds not encased in pits.

漿果

botany: soft fruit developing from a superior ovary and containing seeds not encased in pits


berry

en-verb

berry (third-person singular simple present berries, present participle berrying, simple past and past participle berried)

berries (present singular third-person)
berrying (participle present)
berried (participle past)
berried (past)

On summer days Grandma used to take us berrying, whether we wanted to go or not.

Partly because I always itched and prickled in a berry patch I may have been disinclined to nibble as I worked; but largely I think it was because I berried under a master strategist and I wanted to see how well we could coordinate our efforts...


alliaceous

en-adj

alliaceous (comparative more alliaceous, superlative most alliaceous)

more alliaceous (comparative)
most alliaceous (superlative)


length

en-noun

length (countable and uncountable, plural lengths)

From Middle English lengthe, from Old English lengþ, lengþu, from Proto-West Germanic *langiþu, from Proto-Germanic *langiþō, equivalent to long + -th. Cognate with Scots lenth, lainth (“length”), Saterland Frisian Loangte (“length”), West Frisian lingte, langte (“length”), Dutch lengte (“length”), German Low German Längde, Längd, Längte, Längt (“length”), Danish længde (“length”), Swedish längd (“length”), Icelandic lengd (“length”).

(horse racing) The length of a horse, used to indicate the distance between horses at the end of a race.


marrow

marrow (countable and uncountable, plural marrows)

From Middle English mary, marow, marwe, marowȝ, from Old English mearg, from Proto-West Germanic *maʀg, from Proto-Germanic *mazgą, *mazgaz, from Proto-Indo-European *mosgʰos. Compare West Frisian moarch, Dutch merg, German Mark, Swedish märg, Icelandic mergur, and also Russian мозг (mozg, “brain”), Polish mózg (“brain”), Persian مغز (mağz, “brain”). Doublet of maghaz.

Turning back, then, toward the basement staircase, she began to grope her way through blinding darkness, but had taken only a few uncertain steps when, of a sudden, she stopped short and for a little stood like a stricken thing, quite motionless save that she quaked to her very marrow in the grasp of a great and enervating fear.

1914 November, Louis Joseph Vance, “An Outsider […]”, in Munsey’s Magazine, volume LIII, number II, New York, N.Y.: The Frank A[ndrew] Munsey Company, […], published 1915, →OCLC, chapter III (Accessory After the Fact), page 382, column 1:

Chop me up, I like to be hurt / Drink my marrow and blood for dessert

(uncountable) The substance inside bones which produces blood cells.

The finest European vegetables, cabbages, cauliflowers, potatoes, vegetable marrow, were lying in the market-hall, awaiting purchasers.

1847, Sir Robert Hermann Schomburgk, “Steam-Boat Voyage to Barbados”, in Bentley's Miscellany, volume XXII, London: Richard Bentley, page 37:

A kind of vegetable like a large courgette/zucchini or squash.


marrow

Cheers marrow!

(Geordie, informal) A friend, pal, buddy, mate.


ach

From Middle English ache, from Old French ache, from Latin apium (“parsley”).

(obsolete) Any of several species of plants, such as smallage, wild celery, parsley.


Prosecco

Prosecco (countable and uncountable, plural Proseccos)

From Italian Prosecco, short for (vino de) Prosecco, “(wine of) Prosecco”, near Trieste. The toponym Prosecco comes from Proto-Slavic *prosěkъ (“kind of axe; opening, cutting (in a forest)”) from the areas deforested for the cultivation of the vine.

der

‘Itʼs Prosecco, champagneʼs Italian cousin!’

2019, Candice Carty-Williams, Queenie, Trapeze, page 96:

A dry, slightly sparkling Italian white wine made from that grape.


heater

→ Japanese: ヒーター (hītā)

(horse racing) A dead heat; a race in which two or more competitors reach the finish line simultaneously.


horse racing

A sport where horses and their jockeys compete to race around a track the fastest.

跑馬

a sport where horses and their jockeys compete to be fastest


maize

en-noun

maize (countable and uncountable, plural maizes)

Borrowed from Spanish maíz, from Taíno *mahis, *mahisi, from Proto-Arawak *marikɨ. Cognate with Lokono marisi, Wayuu maiki.

A fundamental creative act of American man was the development of maize. For it was maize that made possible and sustained the whole Peruvian civilization as well as Mexican and Central American ones. Exactly where it originated is not known, but corn was found in pre-Mayan graves dating to 3000 B.C.

1972, Lytle Robinson, chapter 5, in Edgar Cayceʼs Story of the Origin and Destiny of Man, USA: Berkley Publishing Corporation, page 106:

Corn; a type of grain of the species Zea mays.

аԥш

corn; a type of grain of the species Zea mays

Milje

Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina)


lawyer

From Middle English lawier, lawyer, lawer, equivalent to law + -yer.

A professional person with a graduate law degree that qualifies for legal work (such as Juris Doctor)


horse race

An exciting and arduous competition (as in a political campaign).

kilpajuoksu

an exciting and arduous competition (as in a political campaign)


garlic

garlic (countable and uncountable, plural garlics)

Inherited from Middle English garlek, garlik, from Old English gārlēac (“garlic”, literally “spear-leek”), from gār ("spear"; in reference to its sharp, tapering leaves) + lēac (“leek”). Cognate with Scots garlic (“garlic”), Faroese geirleykur (“garlic”), Icelandic geirlaukur (“garlic”).

gl

Athletes' use of herbal supplements has skyrocketed in the past two decades. At the top of the list of popular herbs are echinacea and ginseng, whereas garlic, St. John's wort, soybean, ephedra and others are also surging in popularity or have been historically prevalent.

2013 March 5, David S. Senchina, “Athletics and Herbal Supplements”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 2, archived from the original on 2013-05-16, page 134:

Allium sativum
Allium sativum#Translingual

A plant, Allium sativum, related to the onion, having a pungent bulb much used in cooking.

(uncountable) A preparation from Allium sativum used as a food ingredient or the flavor or other characteristics of such an ingredient.


garlic

en-verb

garlic (third-person singular simple present garlics, present participle garlicking, simple past and past participle garlicked)

garlics (present singular third-person)
garlicking (participle present)
garlicked (participle past)
garlicked (past)

[…]then through the sunned gathering of her marjoram and sweet basil from the herb garden, reading of book reviews in the latest Scientific American, into the layering of a lasagna, garlicking of a bread, tearing up of romaine leaves, eventually, oven on, into the mixing of the twilight's whisky sours against the arrival of her husband, Wendell (“Mucho) Maas from work, she wondered, wondered, shuffling back through a fat deckful of days which seemed (wouldn't she be first to admit it?) more or less identical, or all pointing the same way subtly like a conjurer's deck, any odd one readily clear to a trained eye.

1966 March, Thomas Pynchon, chapter 1, in The Crying of Lot 49, Philadelphia, Pa.; New York, N.Y.: J[oshua] B[allinger] Lippincott Company, →OCLC, page 2:


cos

Clipping of cos lettuce, variously derived from the Greek island of Kos and from Arabic خس (ḵass, “lettuce”).

(chiefly UK) Synonym of romaine lettuce, a long-leaved variety of lettuce.


cos

Taking the shortcut through the alleyway by the Jobcentre Plus, just cos I can, we arrive at my flat within minutes.

2021, Isabel Waidner, Sterling Karat Gold, Peninsula Press, page 161:

(UK, Ireland, South Africa, African-American Vernacular) Informal spelling of 'cause (“because”).


cos

(informal, African-American Vernacular) Alternative form of coz, cousin.


cos

The stages and distances are as follows:—Hitounda to Bhainsa Dobháng, 3½ cos; to Bhimphédy, 4 cos; to Tambakhâni, 3 cos; to Chitlong, 3 cos; to Thankot, 3 cos; to Káthmándú, 3 cos—Total, 19½ cos.

1857, Brian Houghton Hodgson, Selections from the Records of the Government of Bengal, No. XXVII: Papers Relative to the Colonization, Commerce, Physical Geography, &c., &c., of the Himalaya Mountains and Nepal, p. 22

Alternative form of coss, a traditional Nepali unit of distance.


onion

Bislama: anian

Tok Pisin: anian

→ Maori: aniana

From Middle English onyoun, oynoun, from Old French oignon, from Latin ūniōnem, accusative of ūniō (“onion, large pearl”), which had also been borrowed into Old English as yne, ynnelēac (“onion”) (> Middle English hynne-leac, henne-leac). Also displaced Middle English knelek (literally “knee-leek”) and the inherited term ramsons.
* (soy): Stems from a 4chan word filter which changes the word soy to onions. The word filter was implemented in relation to the "alpha onion eater" meme, which is depicted as the direct opposite of the soy boy.

noncog

A monocotyledonous plant (Allium cepa), allied to garlic, used as vegetable and spice.

(4chan, slang) Soy, particularly when used in compound words related to the soy boy stereotype.


melon

en-noun

melon (countable and uncountable, plural melons)

→ Japanese: メロン

→ Korean: 멜론 (mellon)

→ Welsh: melon

From Middle English meloun, melon, from Old French melon, from Late Latin melonem, from Latin melopeponem, from Ancient Greek μηλοπέπων (mēlopépōn), from μῆλον (mêlon, “apple”) + πέπων (pépōn, “ripe”).

(countable) Any of various plants of the family Cucurbitaceae grown for food, generally not including the cucumber.

Genus Cucumis, various musk melons, including honeydew, cantaloupes, and horned melon.

(uncountable) The large, round to ovoid fruits that have rinds and are of such plants

(countable, Australia, New Zealand, derogatory) A member of the Green Party, or similar environmental group.


ginger

ginger (countable and uncountable, plural gingers)

→ Greek: τζίντζερ (tzíntzer)

→ Japanese: ジンジャー (jinjā)

→ Maltese: ġinġer

→ Manx: jinshar

→ Welsh: sinsir

→ Zulu: újínja

Inherited from Middle English gingere, alteration of gingivere, from Old English gingifer, gingiber (influenced by Old French gingembre), from Medieval Latin gingiber, zingiber, from Latin zingiberi, from Late Ancient Greek ζιγγίβερις (zingíberis), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀕𑀺𑀯𑁂𑀭 (siṃgivera), ultimately from Dravidian, compare Tamil இஞ்சிவேர் (iñcivēr) from இஞ்சி (iñci, “ginger”) + வேர் (vēr, “root”).

/ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/

Zingiber officinale
Zingiber officinale#Translingual

The pungent aromatic rhizome of a tropical Asian herb, Zingiber officinale, used as a spice and as a stimulant and acarminative.

Other species belonging to the same family, Zingiberaceae, especially those of the genus Zingiber

Can you buy dry ginger in Croatia? If not what is an alternative?

(colloquial, countable and uncountable) Ginger ale, or can or bottle of such (especially if dry).

Here’s, um, not toast but bread, anyway. And a can of ginger.

A lot of people will tell you ‘ginger’ tastes best in glass, and there is a science behind that,” says the company’s commercial director.

2015 August 19, Douglas Fraser, bbc.co.uk:

Maybe I was naive in thinking that baking with fizzy juice (soda, ginger, pop, whatever your regional name for the stuff is!) would be straightforward.

2016 January 7, Amy, baking with granny.co.uk:

(colloquial, Scotland, especially Glasgow, countable and uncountable) Any fizzy soft drink, or can or bottle of such; pop; soda.


peanut

From pea + nut, perhaps a folk etymology of pinda, pinder (still found in Southern US dialects).

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea#Translingual

A legume resembling a nut, the fruit of the plant Arachis hypogaea, native to South America.


pineapple

pineapple (countable and uncountable, plural pineapples)

Pineapple Primary
en:pineapple
en:pineapple (disambiguation)

→ Japanese: パイナップル
→ Yami: pinapo

From Middle English pinappel (“pinecone”, literally “pine-apple/pine-fruit”), equivalent to pine + apple. Later applied to the fruit of the pineapple plant due to its resemblance to a pinecone. Compare the Middle Dutch and Dutch pĳnappel, the Middle Low German pinappel, the Old High German pīnapful, the Middle High German pīnaphel, and the early Modern German pinapfel — all in the sense of “pine cone”. Compare also the post-Classical Latin pomum pini, the Old French pume de pin, the Middle French and French pomme de pin and Spanish piña.

inh

pineapple strawberry Fragaria × ananassa)

Ananas comosus
Ananas comosus#Translingual

A tropical plant, Ananas comosus, native to South America, having thirty or more long, spined and pointed leaves surrounding a thick stem.


tuna

The prickly pear, a type of cactus native to Mexico in the genus Opuntia.


bar

From Middle English barren, from Old French barrer, from Medieval Latin barrare (“to bar”), from the noun. Cognate to Occitan barrar, Spanish barrar, Portuguese barrar.
Preposition properly imperative of the verb. Compare barring.

Leg At Each Corner is at 3/1, Lost My Shirt 5/1, and it's 10/1 bar.

(horse racing) Denotes the minimum odds offered on other horses not mentioned by name.


service

en-verb

service (third-person singular simple present services, present participle servicing, simple past and past participle serviced)

services (present singular third-person)
servicing (participle present)
serviced (participle past)
serviced (past)

→ Dutch: service

→ Indonesian: servis

→ German: Service

→ Hindustani

Hindi: सर्विस (sarvis)

Urdu: سروس (sarvis)

→ Hungarian: szerviz

→ Japanese: サービス (sābisu)

→ Korean: 서비스 (seobiseu)

→ Persian:

Dari: سرویس (sarwīs)

→ Russian: сервис (servis)

→ Ukrainian: сервіс (servis)

From Middle English servise, from Old French servise (French service), from the verb servir, from Latin servitium (compare Portuguese serviço, Italian servizio, Norman sèrvice, Spanish servicio), from servus (“servant; serf; slave”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ser-wo-s (“guardian”), possibly from *ser- (“watch over, protect”). Displaced native Old English þeġnung.

He serviced her several times a week.

(transitive, vulgar) To perform a sexual act upon.


timber

en-noun

timber (countable and uncountable, plural timbers)

From Middle English tymber, from Old English timber, from Proto-West Germanic *timr, from Proto-Germanic *timrą, from Proto-Indo-European *dem- (“build, house”) (see Proto-Indo-European *dṓm).
Cognates include Dutch timmer, Old High German zimbar (German Zimmer), Norwegian tømmer, Old Norse timbr, Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌼𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (timrjan, “to build”), Latin domus and Ancient Greek δόμος (dómos).

der

collect timber

cut down timber

(uncountable) Trees in a forest regarded as a source of wood.

(outside Canada, US, uncountable) Wood that has been pre-cut and is ready for use in construction.

خَشَب

wood that has been cut ready for construction


apricot

en-noun

apricot (countable and uncountable, plural apricots)

Alteration of apricock (with influence from French abricot), itself an alteration of abrecock (with influence from Latin apricum (“sunny place”)), from dialectal Catalan abrecoc, abricoc, variants of standard albercoc, from Arabic الْبَرْقُوق (al-barqūq, “plums”), from Byzantine Greek βερικοκκία (berikokkía, “apricot tree”), from Ancient Greek πραικόκιον (praikókion), from Late Latin (persica) praecocia (literally “(peaches) which ripen early”), (mālum) praecoquum (literally “(apple) which ripens early”). Doublet of precocious.

der

pickled apricots

A round sweet and juicy stone fruit, resembling peach or plum in taste, with a yellow-orange flesh, lightly fuzzy skin and a large seed inside.

Prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca#Translingual

(slang, Australia, dated, usually in the plural) A testicle.


wheat

en-noun

wheat (countable and uncountable, plural wheats)

From Middle English whete, from Old English hwǣte, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaitī, from Proto-Germanic *hwaitijaz (compare West Frisian weet, Dutch weit, Low German Weten, German Weizen, Danish hvede, Swedish vete, Norwegian Nynorsk kveite, Icelandic hveiti), from *hwītaz (“white”). More at white.

(countable) Any of several cereal grains, of the genus Triticum, that yields flour as used in bakery.


bobby

Bro I’m booky, I’ll take your food if my belly starts rumblin
They rap about bootings, they ain’t blammed nobody
Hold that properly when I bang that dotty
I put sniff in a rex, and I slang that bobby

2017, “Next Up?”, Digga D (lyrics), performed by 1011 (Digga D x Sav'O x T.Y):


blueberry

blueberry (countable and uncountable, plural blueberries)

(countable) An edible round berry, belonging to the cowberry group (Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus), with flared crowns at the end, that turns blue on ripening.


tobacco

tobacco (countable and uncountable, plural tobaccos or tobaccoes)

Attested since 1588, borrowed from Spanish tabaco. The Spanish word could be from Arabic طُبَّاق (ṭubbāq, “Dittrichia viscosa”) or from a Caribbean language such as Kari'na or Taíno or multiple of them, from a word meaning "roll of tobacco leaves" or "a pipe for smoking tobacco," such as tabago (“tube for inhaling smoke or powdered intoxicating plants”).

der

(uncountable) Any plant of the genus Nicotiana.

Tobacco-settlement bonds are a tribute both to the inventiveness of bankers and the childlike impatience of politicians.

2013 September 7, “Unlucky strike”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8852:

Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacum#Translingual

(uncountable) Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and some other species cultivated and harvested to make cigarettes, cigars, snuff, for smoking in pipes or for chewing.

tabak

leaves of certain varieties of tobacco plant


turmeric

en-noun

turmeric (countable and uncountable, plural turmerics)

From Middle English turmeryte, tarmaret, of uncertain origin. Possibly corrupted from Arabic كُرْكُم (kurkum, “Curcuma”). Others have theorized it might come from Old French terre mérite (“deserving earth”).

Curcuma longa
Curcuma longa#Translingual

(botany) An Indian plant (Curcuma longa), with aromatic rhizomes, part of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae).


log

en-verb

log (third-person singular simple present logs, present participle logging, simple past and past participle logged)

logs (present singular third-person)
logging (participle present)
logged (participle past)
logged (past)

From Middle English logg, logge (first recorded in Anglo-Latin as loggum), of uncertain origin, but probably from Old Norse lóg, lág (“felled tree, log”), derived from Old Norse liggja (“to lie”). If so, then cognate with Norwegian låg (“fallen tree”), Dutch loog (“wood, timber, lumber”).
Alternatively, directly from Norwegian låg (“fallen tree”), which could have been borrowed through the Norwegian timber trade. However the Old Norse/Middle Norwegian vowel is long while Middle English vowel is short.

Since the mid-1980s, when Indonesia first began to clear its bountiful forests on an industrial scale in favour of lucrative palm-oil plantations, “haze” has become an almost annual occurrence in South-East Asia. The cheapest way to clear logged woodland is to burn it, producing an acrid cloud of foul white smoke that, carried by the wind, can cover hundreds, or even thousands, of square miles.

2013 June 29, “Unspontaneous combustion”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 29:

(intransitive) To cut down trees in an area, harvesting and transporting the logs as wood.


beet

→ Chickasaw: (from the plural) biits

→ Hawaiian: piki

→ Maori: pīti

From Middle English bete, from Old English bēte, from Latin bēta, possibly of Celtic origin.

The beet is a hardy species.

Beta vulgaris
Beta vulgaris#Translingual

Beta vulgaris, a plant with a swollen root which is eaten or used to make sugar.


potato

en-noun

potato (countable and uncountable, plural potatoes)

[pə̥ˈtʰeɪtʰəʊ]

[pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾoʊ]

[pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾə]

[pə̥ˈɾeɪ.ɾə]

Borrowed from Spanish patata, itself borrowed from Taíno batata (“sweet potato”).

Do not let your child have potato for another year; he will probably take milk well enough after he is weaned.

1891, “Condensed Replies to Various Letters”, in Leroy M[ilton] Yale, editor, Babyhood: The Mother’s Nursery Guide, Devoted to the Care of Children, volume VII, New York, N.Y., London: Babyhood Publishing Company, page 230, column 2:

The protein value of this dish is equal to that of 1⅛ pounds of potato and beef, the fuel value, however, being much in excess of these.

1912, C[harles] F[ord] Langworthy, Caroline L[ouisa] Hunt, Cheese and Its Economical Uses in the Diet (Farmers’ Bulletin 487), Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, page 24:

A number of the children said that they had potato for breakfast, potato and herring for dinner, potato and milk for supper.

1915, Annual Report of the Local Government Board for Scotland, page 17:

Potatoes were introduced to Ireland in 1590 after being brought to Europe by Spanish conquistadores from their place of origin in the South American Andes.

2017, Anthony J. McMichael, Alistair Woodward, Cameron Muir, Climate Change and the Health of Nations, →ISBN, page 213:

The rocketing popularity of potatoes in London's diet led to the conversion of the temporary GNR passenger station north of the canal [...] as a dedicated potato terminal, whose significant traffic was stolen from coastal shipping.

2021 December 1, Nigel Harris, “St Pancras and King's Cross: 1947”, in RAIL, number 945, page 42:

Solanum tuberosum
Solanum tuberosum#Translingual

The tuber of a plant, Solanum tuberosum, eaten as a starchy vegetable, particularly in the Americas and Europe; this plant.

بطاطا

bṭāṭa, baṭāṭa

note that eorþæppel referred to cucumbers

Metaphor for a person or thing of little value.

(slang, offensive) A mentally handicapped person.

When most people refer to their computers as a potato they're being hyperbolic, but not Ethan. He plays Overwatch at 800x600 resolution with all settings on low and is excited when he gets 30 fps.

2017 March 17, Steven Messner, “Overwatch community donates PC parts to fan who could barely run it at 800x600”, in PC Gamer:

If you want to have a go right now, then Famitracker will let you compose songs for the NES and it'll run on a Windows-operated potato.

2019 September 22, Benjamin Burns, “Meet the people making music with Mega Drives, Game Boys and gAtaris”, in Eurogamer:

(humorous, slang, computing) An underpowered computer or other device, especially when small in size.


potato

[pə̥ˈtʰeɪtʰəʊ]

[pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾoʊ]

[pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾə]

[pə̥ˈɾeɪ.ɾə]

(onomatopoeia, often repeated) The rhythmic sound produced by a V-twin engine—a distinctive deep, throaty exhaust note.


more

From Middle English more, moore (“root”), from Old English more, moru (“carrot, parsnip”) from Proto-West Germanic *morhā, from Proto-Germanic *murhǭ (“carrot”), from Proto-Indo-European *merk- (“edible herb, tuber”).
Akin to Old Saxon moraha (“carrot”), Old High German morha, moraha (“root of a plant or tree”) (German Möhre (“carrot”), Morchel (“mushroom, morel”)). More at morel.


more

en-verb

more (third-person singular simple present mores, present participle moring, simple past and past participle mored)

mores (present singular third-person)
moring (participle present)
mored (participle past)
mored (past)

From Middle English moren, from the noun. See above.


hatch

From Middle English hacche, hacchen (“to propagate”), from Old English *hæċċan, āhaċċian (“to peck out; hatch”), from Proto-Germanic *hakjaną.
Cognate with German hecken ‘to breed, spawn’, Danish hække (“to hatch”), Swedish häcka (“to breed”); akin to Latvian kakale ‘penis’.

These pullets are from an April hatch.

(poultry) A group of birds that emerged from eggs at a specified time.


poke

From Middle English poke, from Anglo-Norman poke (whence pocket), from Frankish *poka. More at pocket. Doublet of pouch.

(Scotland, Northern Ireland) An ice cream cone or a bag of chips


jelly

en-noun

jelly (countable and uncountable, plural jellies)

→ Chickasaw: cheliꞌ

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gel-
Latin gelū
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Italic *-āō
Latin -ō
Latin gelō
Proto-Italic *-ātos
Latin -ātus
Latin -āta
Early Medieval Latin gelātabor.
Old French geleebor.
Middle English gele
English jellyFrom Middle English gele, borrowed from Old French gelee, borrowed from Early Medieval Latin gelāta, from Latin gelō + -āta. Doublet of gelee.

etymon

(New Zealand, Australia, British) A dessert made by boiling gelatine, sugar and some flavouring (often derived from fruit) and allowing it to set, known as "jello" in North America.


Holy Ghost

From Middle English Holi Gost, from Old English Hāliġ Gāst, a calque of Latin Spīritus Sānctus, which in turn is a calque of Ancient Greek Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον (Pneûma tò Hágion), from πνεῦμα (pneûma, “breath, vital force, soul”) + ἅγιος (hágios, “holy”)), a calque of Hebrew רוח הקודש (ruaḥ ha-qodesh), from רוח (ruaḥ, “wind, breath, spirit”) + קודש (qodesh, “holiness”), from earlier רוח יהוה (ruaḥ yahveh, “wind of Yahweh”).

calque

Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον

Now the birth of Iesus Christ was on this wise: When as his mother Mary was espoused to Ioseph (before they came together) shee was found with childe of the holy Ghost.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 1:18:

O God the Holy Ghost, Perfecter of the Elect, Have Mercy on us.

1728, “The Litany of the Saints and Angels”, in A Manual of Prayers and Other Christian Devotions, page 50:

I baptise thee in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost.

1899, “Lay Baptism”, in The Catholic's Pocket Prayer-Book, page 4:

There are deadly sins from which God's people may recover. A man may even communicate unworthily, and yet, so be it he sin not against the Holy Ghost, he may find forgiveness.

1902, John Buchan, The Outgoing of the Tide:

(Christianity) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence, which becomes present in and among the faithful (particularly inspired prophets) and is considered to proceed either (Eastern Orthodoxy) from God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.


tom

From generic use of the proper name Tom.

The male of the domesticated cat, especially if not neutered.


tom

Toms 90p a pound

“I'd like sausage, eggs, bacon, toms, mushies, beans – oh, and some fried bread,” said Mike.

2009, Mark Penny, Jonathan Penny, The Golden Pig, page 160:

(British, greengrocers' slang) A tomato (the fruit).


mango

en-noun

mango (countable and uncountable, plural mangoes or mangos)

→ Armenian: մանգո (mango) (or from Russian манго (mango))

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܵܢܓܘܿ (mango)

→ Asturian: mangu

→ Catalan: mango

→ Chichewa: bango

→ Czech: mango

→ Danish: mango

→ Dutch: mango

→ Esperanto: mango

→ Finnish: mango

→ Georgian: მანგო (mango)

→ German: Mango

→ Greek: μάνγκο (mángko)

→ Hebrew: מנגו (mango)

→ Hungarian: mangó

→ Irish: mangó

→ Italian: mango

→ Japanese: マンゴー (mangō)

→ Korean: 망고 (manggo)

→ Macedonian: манго (mango)

→ Norwegian: mango

→ Polish: mango

→ Romanian: mango

desctree

→ Russian: манго (mango)
→ Armenian: մանգո (mango) (or directly from English mango)
→ Kazakh: манго (maño)
→ Mongolian: манго (mango)

→ Slovak: mango

→ Slovene: mango

→ Spanish: mango

→ Swedish: mango

→ Turkish: mango

→ Welsh: mango

Online Etymology Dictionary
Oxford English Dictionary
mango

Borrowed from Portuguese manga, from Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa) / Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy), possibly via Malay mangga, ultimately from Proto-South Dravidian *mām-kāy (“unripe mango”), a compound of *mām (“mango tree”) + *kāy (“unripe fruit”). First used for the fruit as early as the 1580s and the tree by the 1670s. The Oxford English Dictionary says it ultimately stems from Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa, “unripe mango”) (മാവ് (māvŭ, “mango tree”) + കായ (kāya, “unripe fruit”)), while the Online Etymology Dictionary points to Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy, “unripe mango”) (மா (mā, “mango”) + காய் (kāy, “unripe fruit”)). The etymology of the -o ending is not certain.

der

Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy)

檨仔

soān-á, soǎiⁿ-á, sōaiⁿ-á, soāiⁿ--á, soān--á

In Pennsylvania and western Maryland, mangoes were generally made with green bell peppers.

2004, Elizabeth E. Lea, William Woys Weaver, A Quaker Woman's Cookbook: The Domestic Cookery of Elizabeth Ellicott Lea, page 335:

A pickled vegetable or fruit with a spicy stuffing; a vegetable or fruit which has been mangoed.


pea

→ Abenaki: piz (“a pea”)

→ Mohegan-Pequot: pish (“a pea”)

→ Yurok: pi·š, peeesh (“a pea”)

Back-formation from pease, an original singular reinterpreted as a plural. Further from Middle English pese (“a pea”), from Old English pise, from Latin pisa, pisum, from Ancient Greek πίσον (píson).

(cooking) The edible seed of various other pea plants.

Man's making bare peas.

Oh, come on. Help a brother out. People see you coppin', might inspire them. Look, I know you ain't payin' bills right now. Man must have bare peas saved up.

2023, Nathan Bryon, Tom Melia, directed by Raine Allen-Miller, Rye Lane, spoken by Nathan (Simon Manyonda):


pea

From having the appearance of a pea (see English etymology 1), the edible seed of Pisum sativum, the pea plant.

(US, Indiana, gambling) Any of the small numbered balls used in a pea shake game.

green pea galaxy
green pea galaxy#English

(astronomy) Ellipsis of green pea galaxy.


cassava

en-noun

cassava (countable and uncountable, plural cassavas)

From Portuguese cassave, from Taíno *kasabi (“cassava flour”) (compare Garifuna sibiba), from Proto-Arawak *sapi.

Manihot esculenta
Manihot esculenta#Translingual

Manioc (Manihot esculenta), a tropical plant which is the source of tapioca.


allowance

allowance (countable and uncountable, plural allowances)

→ Cebuano: alawans

→ Malay: élaun

From Middle English allouance, from Old French alouance.
Morphologically allow + -ance.

On the Flat, an apprentice jockey starts with an allowance of 7 lb.

(horse racing) A permitted reduction in the weight that a racehorse must carry.


aid

aid (countable and uncountable, plural aids)

From Middle English aide, eide, ayde, from Old French eide, aide, from aidier, from Latin adiūtō, adiūtāre (“to assist, help”). Cognates include Spanish ayuda, Portuguese ajuda and Italian aiuto.

aide

aide-de-camp; obsolete except in sense of

(countable, chiefly in the plural, horse racing) The rider's use of hands, legs, voice, etc. to control the horse.


oca

en-noun

oca (countable and uncountable, plural ocas)

Borrowed from Spanish oca, from Quechua uqa.

Any of species Oxalis tuberosa (syn. Oxalis crenata), which bear edible tubers.


aniseed

aniseed (countable and uncountable, plural aniseeds)

From Middle English anece seed, aneys seede, annys sede, equivalent to anise + seed.

(countable and uncountable) The seed-like fruit of the anise, used in baking and in the flavouring of liqueurs such as ouzo.


bangun

bangun (usually uncountable, plural banguns)

(India, uncommon) An eggplant; a brinjal.


pepper

pepper (countable and uncountable, plural peppers)

Tok Pisin: pepa

→ Hawaiian: pepa

→ Marshallese: pepa

From Middle English peper, piper, from Old English piper, from Proto-West Germanic *pipar, from Latin piper, from an Indo-Aryan source; compare Sanskrit पिप्पलि (pippali, “long pepper”). The name was given to the capsicum fruit because of its unusual spicy taste, not unlike the Old World spice. Cognate with Scots pepar, Saterland Frisian Pieper, West Frisian piper, Dutch peper, German Low German Peper, German Pfeffer, Danish peber, Swedish peppar, Icelandic pipar. Doublet of falafel and peepul.

cog

(UK, US, Ireland and Canada) A fruit of the capsicum plant: red, green, yellow or white, hollow and containing seeds, and in very spicy and mild varieties.

Some ballparks have signs saying "No pepper games".

(baseball) A game used by baseball players to warm up where fielders standing close to a batter rapidly return the batted ball to be hit again


parsnip

→ Japanese: パースニップ (pāsunippu)

→ Maori: pānipi

From 16th-century parsnepe, from Middle English passenep, a modification of Old French pasnaie by influence of Middle English nepe (“turnip”), from Latin pastināca (“parsnip, carrot”), from pastinum (“two-pronged fork”) as in pastināre (“to dig up the ground”).

Pastinaca sativa
Pastinaca sativa#Translingual

A biennial plant, Pastinaca sativa, related to the carrot.


greens

From Middle English grenes, equivalent to green + -s. Compare Saterland Frisian Gräinieten (“vegetable”), West Frisian grienten (“vegetables, greens”), Dutch groenten (“vegetables, greens”), German Low German Gröönten (“vegetables, greens”), Danish grøntsager (“vegetables”), Swedish grönsaker (“vegetables”).

Some years ago, moths ruined my greens, and my son, a career Army man, sensed my loss.

(military) The green dress uniform of the United States Marine Corps.

բանջար

any vegetable eaten by humans, regardless of colour


kaki

Diospyros kaki
Diospyros kaki#Translingual

a persimmon, more specifically the Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki).


oat

en-noun

oat (countable and uncountable, plural oats)

From Middle English ote, from Old English āte, from Proto-Germanic *aitǭ (“swelling; gland; nodule”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyd- (“to swell”). See English atter.
cognates
* Germanic: cognate with Scots ait (“oat”), Dutch oot, aat (“oat”), Saterland Frisian Aate (“pea”), Low German Aat ‘oat’, obsolete Luxembourgish Otz ‘oat’, Icelandic át ‘feed, fodder’. Further related to Icelandic eitill (“nodule”), Norwegian eitel (“knot, gland”), Old High German eiz (“abscess”) (German Eiter (“pus”), Eiß (“ulcer”)), Dutch etter (“pus”), East Frisian eitel (“fast, raging”), Old Norse eitill (“nodule”), West Frisian iete
* Indo-European: Latin aemidus (“swollen, protuberant”), Old Church Slavonic ꙗдъ (jadŭ, “poison”), Ancient Greek οἰδέω (oidéō, “to swell”), Albanian ënj (“to swell, inflame”), Old Armenian այտնում (aytnum, “to swell”), այտ (ayt, “cheek”), Sanskrit इन्दु (índu, “water drop”)

der

The oat stalks made good straw.

The main forms of oat are meal and bran.

World trade in oat is increasing.

(uncountable) Widely cultivated cereal grass, typically Avena sativa.


celery

en-noun

celery (usually uncountable, plural celeries)

From French céleri, from Lombard sèller, from Latin selīnum, from Ancient Greek σέλῑνον (sélīnon). Displaced English march (“celery, smallage”) and smallage (“wild celery”).

Apium graveolens
Apium graveolens#Translingual

A European herb (Apium graveolens) of the carrot family.

(uncountable) The stalks of this herb eaten as a vegetable.


caviar

caviar (countable and uncountable, plural caviars)

From Middle French caviar, from Italian caviaro or Ottoman Turkish خاویار (havyar), from Persian خاویار (xâvyâr). Doublet of ajvar.

Roe of the sturgeon or of certain other large fish, considered a delicacy.

havjar

roe of the sturgeon or other large fish (black caviar)


cucumber

Tok Pisin: kukamba

→ Cherokee: ᎦᎦᎹ (gagama)

→ Plains Cree: kohkompaninawak

→ Spanish: cacombra

→ Welsh: ciwcymbr

→ Zulu: îkhukhámba

From Middle English cucumer, cucumber, from Old French cocombre, ultimately from Latin cucumis, cucumerem (possibly through an Old Occitan intermediate). Probably of Pre-Italic substrate origin.

Just a few tips will help even the most anxious of us get a bit of control over the presentation of information and thus appear to be that "cool cucumber" in cognito!

1986, Linking Technology and Users, page 41:

The guy's a real cucumber.

1999, Mark Grantham, The Brewery, page 275:

That Wolf is one cool cucumber.

2002, Margaret Fisher, Putting on Mock Trials, page 29:

"You're smart," says Irv, pointing at her and nodding his head. "A smart cucumber."

2018, Derek B. Miller, American By Day, page 65:

A person who is calm and self-possessed.


roe

roe (countable and uncountable, plural roes)

From Middle English rowe, rowne, roun, rawne, from Old English *hrogn (“spawn, fish eggs, roe”), from Proto-Germanic *hrugnaz, *hrugną (“spawn, roe”), from Proto-Indo-European *krek- (“(frog) spawn”).
Cognate with Dutch roge (“roe”), German Low German Rögen (“roe”), German Rogen (“roe”), Danish rogn, ravn (“roe”), Swedish rom (“roe”), Icelandic hrogn (“roe”), Lithuanian kurkulaĩ (“frog spawn”), Russian кряк (krjak, “frog spawn”).


poly

Coordinate term: mono

Whether the family is poly, L.G.B.T.Q. or another minority, such as a religious one, coming out is very much a personal decision.

2020 August 4, Cynthia McKelvey, “The Challenges of Polyamorous Parenting”, in The New York Times:


poly

From Latin polium, the name of a plant, perhaps Teucrium polium.

A whitish woolly plant (Teucrium polium) of the family Labiatae, found throughout the Mediterranean.


cabbage

en-verb

cabbage (third-person singular simple present cabbages, present participle cabbaging, simple past and past participle cabbaged)

cabbages (present singular third-person)
cabbaging (participle present)
cabbaged (participle past)
cabbaged (past)

From Middle English caboche, cabage (“cabbage”; “a certain fish”), a borrowing from Anglo-Norman caboche (“head”), a northern variant of caboce, of uncertain origin. Some authorities derive it from Latin caput (“head”), others from ca- (said to be an expressive prefix) + boce (“hump; bump”) (whence English boss).

inh

How effective the project was is a moot point, because there were never any studies carried out to see whether children benefited from cabbaging in front of the TV rather than interacting with a teacher.

2006, Steve Mckevitt, Why the World Is Full of Useless Things, page 38:

(intransitive, slang) To do nothing; to idle; veg out.


rosemary

en-noun

rosemary (usually uncountable, plural rosemaries)

/ˈɹoʊzˌmɛəɹi/

From rose + Mary. From Middle English rosmary, rosemarye, alteration (based on rose + Mary) of earlier Middle English rosmarine, rosemaryn, partly from Old French rosmarin, partly directly from Latin rōsmarīnus (“rosemary”), from rōs (“dew, moisture”) + marīnus (“marine, of the sea”).

compound

Salvia rosmarinus
Salvia rosmarinus#Translingual

Rosmarinus officinalis
Rosmarinus officinalis#Translingual

A shrub, Salvia rosmarinus (formerly Rosmarinus officinalis), that originates from Europe and Asia Minor and produces a fragrant herb used in cooking and perfumes.

marsh rosemary

genus Limonium or species Rhododendron tomentosum


oaken

From Middle English oken (also eken), from Old English ācen, ǣċen (“of oak”), from Proto-Germanic *aikīnaz, equivalent to oak + -en (adjectival suffix). Cognate with Dutch eiken (“oaken”), German eichen (“oaken”), Icelandic eikinn (“oaken”).

Captain Jemmy, taking up three bottles one after another and finding them all empty, ordered up three more, and drew his chair up to the hearth, where he sat kicking the oaken logs viciously with his long legs.

1891, Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch, The Blue Pavilions:

Made from the wood of the oak tree. Also in metaphorical uses, suggesting robustness.


spinach

en-noun

spinach (countable and uncountable, plural spinaches)

From Middle English spinach, from Anglo-Norman spinache, from Old French espinoche, from Old Occitan espinarc, from Arabic إِسْفَانَاخ (ʔisfānāḵ), from Classical Persian اسپناخ (ispanāx, ispināx).

derived

Arabic إِسْفَانَاخ (ʔisfānāḵ)

African spinach

various nightshade, legume, and Cucurbitaceae species

Any of numerous plants, or their leaves, which are used for greens in the same way Spinacia oleraceae is or resemble it in some way.


rutabaga

en-noun

rutabaga (usually uncountable, plural rutabagas)

/ˈɹutəˌbeɪɡə/

1799, borrowed from Swedish rotabagge, a dialectal word from Västergötland, from rot (“root”) + bagge (“lump, bunch”).

Brassica napus
Brassica napus#Translingual

(now Canada, US) The swede, or Swedish turnip; the European plant Brassica napus var. napobrassica


leek

→ Maori: riki

From Middle English leke, leek, lek, from Old English lēac (“a garden herb, leek, onion, garlic”), from Proto-West Germanic *lauk, from Proto-Germanic *lauką *laukaz (“leek, onion”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend”).
Cognate with Dutch look (“garlic, leek”), German Low German Look (“leek”), German Lauch (“leek, allium”), Danish løg (“onion”), Swedish lök (“onion”), Icelandic laukur (“onion, leek, garlic”). See garlic.

cog

Any of several species of Allium, broadly resembling the domesticated plant in appearance in the wild.


blanched almond

en-noun

blanched almond (countable and uncountable, plural blanched almonds)


carrot

carrot (countable and uncountable, plural carrots)

→ Fijian: kareti

→ Malay: karot

→ Tagalog: karot

From Middle English karette and Middle French carotte, both from Latin carōta, from Ancient Greek καρωτόν (karōtón). Doublet of carotte and related to caraway. Displaced native Middle English more, from Old English more, moru (“edible root, parsnip, carrot”), related to German Möhre (“carrot”).
* Noun sense of "motivational tool" refers to carrot and stick.
* Verb sense in felt manufacture refers to the orange colour of drying furs.

Daucus carota
Daucus carota#Translingual

A vegetable with a nutritious, juicy, sweet root that is often orange in colour, Daucus carota, especially the subspecies sativus in the family Apiaceae.


malt

malt (countable and uncountable, plural malts)

From Middle English malt, from Old English mealt, from Proto-West Germanic *malt, from Proto-Germanic *maltą (“malt”), from *maltaz (“soft; nesh; weak; squashy; melting”), from Proto-Indo-European *meld-, *mled- (“to crush; grind; make weak”).
Cognate with Saterland Frisian Moalt (“malt”), Dutch mout (“malt”), German Malz (“malt”), Swedish malt (“malt”), Old Church Slavonic младъ (mladŭ, “tender; young”), Russian молодой (molodoj, “young; fresh; new”). The Proto-Germanic noun was borrowed into Proto-Slavic as *malta; compare Ukrainian мо́лот (mólot), Czech mláto. More at melt.

cog

Oh many a peer of England brews
Livelier liquor than the Muse,
And malt does more than Milton can
To justify God's ways to man.

1896, A. E. Housman, A Shropshire Lad, section LXII:


kale

en-noun

kale (usually uncountable, plural kales)

→ Japanese: ケール (kēru)

From Northern Middle English cale, cal (Southern col), from Old English cāl, cāul, cāwel, from Latin caulis. Compare Icelandic kál (“cabbage”), German Kohl (“cabbage”). Doublet of caulis, cole, and gobi.

boerkool

edible plant: Brassica oleracea acephala

Brassica oleracea
Brassica oleracea#Translingual

Any of several cabbage-like food plants that are kinds of Brassica oleracea.


turnip

→ German: Turnip

→ Irish: tornapa

→ Russian: турнепс (turneps)

From Middle English turnepe, probably from turn + Middle English nepe, from Old English nǣp, from Latin nāpus. The component turn may be due to the round shape of the plant as though turned on a lathe, or because it must be turned and twisted to be harvested. Cognate to neep. See also parsnip.

The ancient Roman gastronomists considered the turnip, when prepared in the following manner, a dish fit for epicures: "After boiling, extract the water from them, and season with cummin, rue, or benzoin, pounded in a mortar; afterward add honey, vinegar, gravy, and boiled grapes. Allow the whole to simmer, and serve."

1892, Ella Eaton Kellogg, “Vegetables”, in Science in the Kitchen: A Scientific Treatise on Food Substances and Their Dietetic Properties, Together with a Practical Explanation of the Principles of Healthful Cookery, and a Large Number of Original, Palatable, and Wholesome Recipes, Revised edition, Michigan: Health Publishing Company, page 240:

The turnip is one of the lordliest vegetables in the world; its broth is practically a soup in itself.

1969, Robert Farrar Capon, “Living Water”, in The Supper of the Lamb: A Culinary Reflection:

Brassica rapa
Brassica rapa#Translingual

The white root of a yellow-flowered plant, Brassica rapa, grown as a vegetable and as fodder for cattle.

(Scotland, Ireland, Northern England, Cornwall, Atlantic Canada) The yellow root of a related plant, the swede or Brassica napus.

(Hong Kong) The white root of Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus, also known as a daikon.

(dated) A large, heavy pocket watch, so called because its profile resembled the vegetable.


zucchini

→ Japanese: ズッキーニ

Borrowed from Italian zucchini, plural of zucchino, diminutive of zucca (“squash”). Ultimately related to courgette through the original Latin cucurbita. Compare Sicilian cucuzza.

Cucurbita pepo
Cucurbita pepo#Translingual

(Australia, New Zealand, Canada, US, Philippines) A courgette; a variety of squash, Cucurbita pepo, which bears edible fruit.

(Australia, New Zealand, Canada, US, Philippines) The edible fruit of this variety of squash.


courgette

Unadapted borrowing from French courgette, diminutive of courge (“vegetable marrow, marrow squash”). Ultimately related to zucchini through the original Latin cucurbita.

ubor

(British, Ireland, uncountable) A particular variety of Cucurbita pepo, a small marrow/squash.

意大利青瓜 (ji³ daai⁶ lei⁶ ceng¹ gwa¹, literally “Italian cucumber”)


corn

en-noun

corn (usually uncountable, plural corns)

Kashubian: kòrné (Canada)

Tok Pisin: kon

→ Maori: kānga

Inherited from Middle English corn, from Old English corn, from Proto-West Germanic *korn, from Proto-Germanic *kurną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm (“grain; worn-down”), from *ǵerh₂- (“grow old, mature”). The sense "maize" is a clipping of Indian corn. Cognate with Dutch koren, German Low German Koorn, German Korn, Danish korn, Norwegian Bokmål korn, Norwegian Nynorsk korn and Swedish korn; see also Albanian grurë, Russian зерно́ (zernó), Czech zrno, Latin grānum and Lithuanian žirnis. Doublet of grain, gram, granum, and grao.

doublet

what does that have to do with the price of corn

The planting or sowing of maize, exclusively called corn, was just accomplished on the Town Hill, when I reached it.

1809, Edward Augustus Kendall, Travels Through the Northern Parts of the United States:

Corn was the staff of life for many Indian people before contact, and it became the staff of life for many European colonists. Corn was higher in nutrition than most other grain crops. John Lawson, who travelled in South Carolina and into the interior Indian country in 1701, was one of the many colonists who sang the praises of corn.

1998 February 18, Colin G. Calloway, New Worlds for All: Indians, Europeans, and the Remaking of Early America, JHU Press, →ISBN, pages 51–52:

(US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, uncountable) Maize, a grain crop of the species Zea mays.


corn

en-verb

corn (third-person singular simple present corns, present participle corning, simple past and past participle corned)

corns (present singular third-person)
corning (participle present)
corned (participle past)
corned (past)

(US, Canada) To preserve using coarse salt, e.g. corned beef.


oak

en-noun

oak (countable and uncountable, plural oaks)

From Middle English ook, oke, aik, ake, from Old English āc (also as Old English ǣċ), from Proto-West Germanic *aik, from Proto-Germanic *aiks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eyǵ- (“oak”).
Cognates
From Proto-Germanic: Scots aik, West Frisian iik, Dutch eik, German Eiche, Danish eg, Norwegian eik, Swedish ek, Yiddish אייכנבוים (eykhnboym).
From Proto-Indo-European: Latin aesculus (“Durmast oak”), Lithuanian ąžuolas (“oak”), Albanian enjë (“juniper, yew”), Ancient Greek αἰγίλωψ (aigílōps, “Turkey oak”)).

cog

Any tree of other genera and species of trees resembling typical oaks of genus Quercus in some ways.

Toxicodendron, poison oak, in family Anacardiaceae


dent

From French dent, from Latin dēns, dentis (“tooth”). Doublet of dens and tooth.


ackee

en-noun

ackee (countable and uncountable, plural ackees)

Ackee and saltfish is a traditional Jamaican dish.

The fleshy sacks that dangled down between his legs, like rotting ackees, wobbled.

2004, Andrea Levy, chapter 7, in Small Island, London: Review, pages 104–105:

The fruit of the tree, of which only the arils are edible, the remainder being poisonous.


kumquat

From Cantonese 柑橘 (gam¹ gwat¹) or 金橘 (gam¹ gwat¹, literally “golden tangerine”). Related to loquat – same second character.

A small, orange citrus-like fruit which is native to Asia (Citrus japonica, syn. Fortunella japonica).


keck

From earlier dialectal kex, of Celtic origin, probably from the same ultimate source as Latin cicuta (“hemlock”).

Anthriscus sylvestris
Anthriscus sylvestris#Translingual

(dialectal) The cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris).


chewing

chewing (countable and uncountable, plural chewings)

From Middle English chewyng, chewynge, from Old English ċīwung, ċȳwung, ċēowung (“chewing”), equivalent to chew + -ing.

(drugs) The consumption of loose leaf tobacco juice from tobacco plants by chewing leaves near the cheek.


earthnut

Inherited from Middle English erthenote, from Old English eorþhnutu, from Proto-Germanic *erþōhnuts; equivalent to earth + nut.

Any of various roots, tubers, or pods that grow underground:

The underground tuber belonging to the genus Tuber.


Avignon berry

The fruit of rock buckthorn, or Avignon buckthorn, of the species Rhamnus saxatilis, Rhamnus infectorius, and others of the same genus, used by dyers and painters for coloring yellow.


baccy

baccy (usually uncountable, plural baccies)

To the "Nut" then, with its dirty little smoking-room, clouded with fumes arising from baccies of every description; curling upwards from the short black Irish clay bowl, full of strong ship's baccy, as well as from the best of Havannahs […]

1882, Chums: A Tale of the Queen's Navy, volume 1, page 200:

No one ever see him down on his luck till this cussed fever took him, Our rations was often short, but it was share and share alike down to the last pipe o' baccy.

1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 168:

"I'll prove I can see you. You've got a pipe in your mouth." ¶ "Anyone that knows the smell of baccy could tell that," said Diggle.

1956, C. S. Lewis, chapter 13, in The Last Battle, Collins, published 1998:


lentil

From Middle English lentile, from Old French lentille from Latin lenticula, diminutive of lēns, from a pre-Indo-European substrate source shared by German Linse, Ancient Greek λάθυρος (láthuros) and Lithuanian lęšis. Doublet of lenticula.

Lens culinaris
Lens culinaris#Translingual

Any of several plants of the genus Lens, especially Lens culinaris, from southwest Asia, that have edible, lens-shaped seeds within flattened pods.


kidney bean

Wikispecies kidney bean (canonical)
kidney beans (plural)

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual

A common bean of a cultivar of (Phaseolus vulgaris), with a dark-red skin.


jazz

jazz (usually uncountable, plural jazzes)

→ Arabic: جَاز (jāz)

→ Armenian: ջազ (ǰaz)

→ Bulgarian: джаз (džaz)

→ Catalan: jazz, džez

→ Czech: jazz

→ Danish: jazz

→ Dutch: jazz

→ Esperanto: ĵazo

→ Estonian: džäss

→ Faroese: djassur

→ Finnish: jazz, jatsi

→ French: jazz

→ Georgian: ჯაზი (ǯazi)

→ German: Jazz

→ Greek: τζαζ (tzaz)

desc

→ Hebrew: ג׳ז, ג׳אז

→ Hebrew: ג׳ז, ג׳אז

→ Hungarian: dzsessz, jazz

→ Icelandic: djass, jass

→ Italian: jazz

→ Japanese: ジャズ (jazu)

→ Korean: 재즈 (jaejeu)

→ Latvian: džezs

→ Lithuanian: džiazas

→ Macedonian: џез (džez)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: jazz

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: jazz

→ Persian: جاز

→ Polish: jazz, dżez

→ Portuguese: jazz

→ Romanian: jazz

→ Russian: джаз (džaz)

→ Serbo-Croatian:

Cyrillic script: џе̏з

Latin script: džȅz

→ Slovak: džez

→ Slovene: džẹ̑z

→ Spanish: jazz

→ Swedish: jazz

→ Tagalog: dyas

→ Thai: แจ๊ส (jɛ́ɛt)

→ Turkish: caz

→ Ukrainian: джаз (džaz)

→ Yiddish: דזשאַז (dzhaz)

Unknown. First attested around 1912 in a discussion of baseball; attested in reference to music around 1915. Numerous references suggest that the term may be connected to jasm and jism.

You dare to bring your jazz songs into my house!

1927, Samson Raphaelson, Alfred A. Cohn, The Jazz Singer, spoken by Jakie Rabinowitz (Al Jolson):

You all look out now, here I come, everybody step aside, I’m gonna show you where from! I'm gonna blow in this horn and make you know that jazz is the king and let it be so!

1946, Milton “Mezz” Mezzrow, Bernard Wolfe, “Not too Far Tangent”, in Really the Blues, New York, N.Y.: Random House, book 1 (1899–1923: A Nothin’ but a Child), page 30:

You see, the kids, they listen to the rap music which gives them the brain damage. With their hippin', and the hoppin', and the bippin', and the boppin', so they don't know what the jazz…is all about! You see, jazz is like the Jello Pudding Pop—no, actually, it's more like Kodak film—no, actually, jazz is like the New Coke: it'll be around forever, heh heh.

1995, Mike Reiss, Al Jean, “'Round Springfield”, in The Simpsons, season 6, episode 22, spoken by Bill Cosby:

(music) A musical art form rooted in West African cultural and musical expression and in the African American blues tradition, with diverse influences over time, commonly characterized by blue notes, syncopation, swing, call and response, polyrhythms and improvisation.

Suddenly, Bobby oozed his jazz into Gene's throat.

[…] making Glenn feel as though he could never stop shooting his jazz wildly up inside the man's brawny body!

1974, Peter Pepper, Meatslinger, page 141:

As he clung to the legs of his captor, he splayed his own out to the side, baring his groin and genitals to the eyes of all just as his jazz began to spurt out onto the stage.

2018, Bert Shrader, A Gay Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum:


lima bean

Named after the city of Lima, from which they were exported.

Phaseolus lunatus
Phaseolus lunatus#Translingual

A plant of species Phaseolus lunatus or the bean it yields.


yew

en-noun

yew (countable and uncountable, plural yews)

From Middle English ew, from Old English īw, ēow, from Proto-West Germanic *īhu, from Proto-Germanic *īhwaz (compare Icelandic ýr), masculine variant of *īwō (compare Dutch ijf, German Eibe), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyHw-.
See also Hittite [script needed] (eja, “type of evergreen”), Welsh yw (“yews”), Irish eo [both cognates of Old English īw, Old English ēow]; and Latgalian īva (“bird cherry”), Lithuanian ievà (“bird cherry”), Russian и́ва (íva, “willow”).

cog

Old Yew, which graspest at the stones
That name the under-lying dead,
Thy fibres net the dreamless head,
Thy roots are wrapt about the bones.

1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, Canto II:

Have a tree or two the witches particularly like, such as the alder, larch, cypress and hemlock; then, to counteract any possible evil effects, there must be a holly, yew, hazel, elder, mountain ash or juniper.

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 273:

Taxus baccata
Taxus baccata#Translingual

(countable) A species of coniferous tree, Taxus baccata, with dark-green flat needle-like leaves and seeds bearing red arils, native to western, central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, northern Iran and southwest Asia.

(countable, by extension) Any tree or shrub of the genus Taxus.

Other conifers resembling plants in genus Taxus

To prevent a too great consumption of yew, bowyers were directed to make four bows of witch-hazel, ash or elm, to one of yew, and no person under seventeen years of age, unless possessed of moveables worth forty marks, of the son of parents having an estate of ten pounds per annum might shoot in an yew bow, under a penalty of 6s. 8d.

1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 37:

(uncountable) The wood of the such trees.


vineyard

Equivalent to vine + yard; from Middle English vyneȝerd (circa 1300), following earlier Old English wīnġeard (“wine yard, vine yard”), with vine (from Old French vigne (“vine, vineyard”), from Latin vīnea) replacing native Old English wīn (“wine, vine”). The earlier wīnġeard may have had the sense of “vine” already, with /w/ → /v/ facilitated by common v-/w- interchange. Compare Dutch wijngaard (literally “wine garden”) and German Weingarten alongside contracted Wingert. (Dutch gaard, German Garten are cognate to English yard.)

The vineyard of Château Margaux stands as the producer of one of the world's greatest and most sought-after red wines.

A grape plantation, especially one used in the production of wine.


tater

Representing an aphetic pronunciation of potato. Compare patater (“potato”) and 'mater (“tomato”).


skullcap

(botany) Any of several species of flowering plants of the genus Scutellaria, in the Lamiaceae family.


vine

From Middle English vīne, from Anglo-Norman vigne, from Vulgar Latin vīnia, from Latin vīnea (“vines in a vineyard”), from vīneus (“related to wine”), from vīnum (“wine”), from Proto-Italic *wīnom, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyh₁nom (“vine, wine”), from *weh₁y- (“to twist, wrap”). Doublet of wine.

ivy vine

Ampelopsis cordata; Parthenocissus quinquefolia


citron

en-noun

citron (countable and uncountable, plural citrons)

Borrowed from French citron (“lemon, lime”), Latin citrus (“citron tree, thuja”), probably via Etruscan derived from Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros) (see there for further etymology).

der+

Citrus medica
Citrus medica#Translingual


grapevine

en-noun

grapevine (plural grapevine or grapevines)

Although many grape vines have geographical names, those rarely reflect their real origin, if known at all.

The plant, a vine of genus Vitis, on which grapes grow.

A dance figure in partner dancing that includes sidesteps and steps across the support foot. See Grapevine (dance move).


grapevine

en-verb

grapevine (third-person singular simple present grapevines, present participle grapevining, simple past and past participle grapevined)

grapevines (present singular third-person)
grapevining (participle present)
grapevined (participle past)
grapevined (past)

Up on the stage, the dancers twirled and whirled in time to the music and then grapevined across the broad expanse and exited stage left.

2013, S.C. Rackes, Cast a Dark Shadow, page 25:

The underwear-baker grapevined down the length of the display and grabbed a to-go box from the stack on top of it.

When the room grapevined left, I grapevined right, causing a head-on collision with the lady next to me.

2023, Betsy Schow, Finished Being Fat: An Accidental Adventure in Losing Weight:

To move one's body in a smooth undulating wave while stepping in the direction the wave is moving.


bilberry

Probably of North Germanic origin (Danish bøllebær), from Old Norse bolli (Proto-Germanic *bullǭ) + ber.

Vaccinium myrtillus
Vaccinium myrtillus#Translingual

Vaccinium myrtillus, the wild European blueberry of the cowberry family.

kulumri

type of blueberry from the cowberry family — see also blueberry


sorghum

en-noun

sorghum (countable and uncountable, plural sorghums)

From New Latin genus name Sorghum, from Italian sorgo, from Vulgar Latin *syricum (“Syrian”), from Sȳricus. Doublet of the synonyms sorgho (via French) and sorgo (via Italian).

1936, Harry Nelson Vinall, Joseph Charlworth Stephens, John Holmes Martin, Identification, History, and Distribution of Common Sorghum Varieties, US Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin No. 506, page 2,
The sorghum crop has four uses — forage, grain, sirup, and industrial (such as the manufacture of brooms, wallboard, etc.).

1978, US Department of Agriculture, Watch out for witchweed, a serious pest of corn, sorghum, and other crops, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Program Number 1212, unnumbered page,
Witchweed (Striga spp.) is a parasitic plant that attacks corn, sorghum, sugarcane, rice, and more than 60 different species of the grass family.

2008, Lamissa Diakité, Amadou Sidibé, Melinda Smale, Mikkel Grum, Seed Value Chains for Sorghum and Millet in Mali: A State-based System in Transition, International Food Policy Research Institute, Discussion Paper 00749, page 2,
Archaeological evidence suggests that economies based on cattle, goats, sorghum, and pearl millet were established in this region between 5,000 and 3,000 years ago (Smith 1998).

Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolor#Translingual

A cereal, Sorghum genus and species, the grains of which are cultivated to make flour and feed cattle. Almost all cultivated ones as well as some wild ones belong to the species Sorghum bicolor (syn. Sorghum vulgare).


Scotch bonnet

(pepper, mushroom, snail): From the resemblance to the Scottish tam o'shanter.

Capsicum chinense
Capsicum chinense#Translingual

A variety of hot chilli pepper (a cultivar of Capsicum chinense).


chickpea

/ˈt͡ʃɪkˌpiː/

Calque of French pois chiche, from pois (“pea”) + chiche, from Latin cicer (“chickpea”).

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum#Translingual

An annual plant (Cicer arietinum) in the pea family, widely cultivated for the edible seeds in its short inflated pods.


place

place (countable and uncountable, plural places)

Pijin: ples

Tok Pisin: ples

From Middle English place, conflation of Old English plæċe (“place, an open space, street”) and Old French place (“place, an open space”), both from Latin platea (“plaza, wide street”), from Ancient Greek πλατεῖα (plateîa), shortening of πλατεῖα ὁδός (plateîa hodós, “broad way”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleth₂- (“to spread”), extended form of *pleh₂- (“flat”). Displaced native Old English stōw, stede, and -ern. Compare also English pleck (“plot of ground”), West Frisian plak (“place, spot, location”), Dutch plek (“place, spot, patch”). Doublet of piatza, piazza, and plaza.

pleace

some English dialects: 18th–19th centuries; Scots: until the 17th century

all over the place like a mad woman's custard

lightning does not strike twice in the same place

lightning doesn't strike twice in the same place

lightning never strikes twice in the same place

there is a place and time for everything

there is a time and place for everything

there's a time and a place for everything

to win a bet on a horse for place

(social) A responsibility or position in an organization.

(horse racing) The position of first, second, or third at the finish, especially the second position.


aciniform

en-adj

aciniform (comparative more aciniform, superlative most aciniform)

more aciniform (comparative)
most aciniform (superlative)

Latin acinus (“grape, grapestone”) + -form. Compare French aciniforme.


rye

en-noun

rye (countable and uncountable, plural ryes)

From Middle English rie, reighe, from Old English ryġe, from Proto-West Germanic *rugi, from Proto-Germanic *rugiz, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís.
Germanic cognates include Dutch and West Frisian rogge, Low German Rogg, German Roggen, Rocken, Old Norse rugr (Danish rug, Swedish råg); non-Germanic cognates include Russian рожь (rožʹ) and Latvian rudzi.

Caraway (from the mistaken assumption that the whole seeds, often used to season rye bread, are the rye itself)


bean

→ Fiji Hindi: biin

From Middle English bene, from Old English bēan, from Proto-West Germanic *baunu, from Proto-Germanic *baunō (“bean”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰabʰ- (“bean”). Cognate with Scots bene, bein (“bean”), West Frisian bean (“bean”), Dutch boon (“bean”), German Bohne (“bean”),
Swedish böna (“bean”),
Danish bønne (“bean”), Norwegian bønne (“bean”), Icelandic baun (“bean”), Latin faba (“bean”), Russian боб (bob, “bean”), Serbo-Croatian бо̏б/bȍb. Doublet of fava.

The large edible seed of such a plant (for example, a broad bean, navy bean, or garbanzo bean).

en:non-Fabaceae seed comparable to Fabaceae seed

(by extension) The bean-like seed of certain other plants, such as a vanilla bean or (especially) a coffee bean.

The singerOne bean has values for both the name and age properties, so it passes through the init() method with absolutely no changes.

2017, Iuliana Cosmina, Rob Harrop, Chris Schaefer, Clarence Ho, Pro Spring 5, 5th edition, Apress, →ISBN, page 131:

(Java programming language) Clipping of JavaBean.


jalapeño

/ˌhæləˈpiːnəʊ/

/ˌdʒæləˈpiːnəʊ/

/ˌhæləˈpɛnjəʊ/

/d͡ʒəˈlæpənoʊ/

Unadapted borrowing from Mexican Spanish jalapeño.

ubor

Coordinate term: cayenne pepper

Capsicum annuum
Capsicum annuum#Translingual

A cultivar of hot chili pepper, Capsicum annuum.


habanero

/ˌ(h)ɑːbəˈnɛɹəʊ/

An intensely spicy chili pepper, Capsicum chinense.


millet

en-noun

millet (countable and uncountable, plural millets)

From late Middle English, borrowed from Middle French millet; from Latin milium, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”), see also Ancient Greek μελίνη (melínē, “millet”) and Lithuanian málnos (“millet”).

der

[…] Tobias said, ‘Don't bother. Elena's allergic to all known food groups. The only thing she eats here is seasoned millet and rainwater they bring down from Vermont in a zinc can.’

1991, Douglas Coupland, “Adventure without risk is Disneyland”, in Generation X, New York: St. Martin's Press, →OCLC, page 155:

Any of a group of various types of grass or its grains used as food, widely cultivated in the developing world.

mel

any of a group of various types of grass or its grains used as food

Urochloa ramosa

syn. Brachiaria ramosa; brown-top millet


cardamom

en-noun

cardamom (countable and uncountable, plural cardamoms)

Late Middle English, from Old French cardamome or Latin cardamōmum, from Ancient Greek καρδάμωμον (kardámōmon).

grains of paradise
grains of paradise#English

Aframomum melegueta
Aframomum melegueta#Translingual

(uncommon, inexact) Synonym of grains of paradise, the seeds or seed capsules of Aframomum melegueta, of East Africa.


barley

barley (usually uncountable, plural barleys)

From Middle English barly, barli, from Old English bærlīċ (“barley-like”, adjective) (later referring to barley itself and grain crops of similar appearance), from bere (“barley”) (compare Scots bere (“six-rowed barley”)), from Proto-Germanic *baraz (compare Old Norse barr), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- (“spike, prickle”). Equivalent to bere + -ly. See English brew.

sprat barley

now Hordeum distichon or Hordeum vulgare

Hordeum vulgare
Hordeum vulgare#Translingual

A cereal of the species Hordeum vulgare, or its grains, often used as food or to make beer and other malted drinks.


mulberry

en-noun

mulberry (countable and uncountable, plural mulberries)

From Middle English mulbery, molberye, murberie, partly from Old English mōrberġe (“mulberry”) (q.v.), and probably partly from Middle Low German mulbere (“mulberry”). Compare Dutch moerbezie, moerbei (“mulberry”), German Maulbeere (“mulberry”).

Different qualities of the Mulberry. Among the different species of the Mulberry, it is ascertained that the Italian, (Morus italica) is eaten by the silk worm, with eager appetite. It's fruit is very small, and of a pale rose colour.

1837, Luigi Tinelli, Hints on the Cultivation of the Mulberry, with Some General Observations on the Production of Silk, page 39:

Beyond the south end of the lake, the route lies across the plain of Lombardy, where the mulberry trees are evidence of the silk industry.

1951 November, 'Pausanias', “To Greece by the "Simplon-Orient Express"”, in Railway Magazine, page 729:

(countable) Any of several trees, of the genus Morus, having edible fruits.


silk

silk (countable and uncountable, plural silks)

From Middle English silk, sylk, selk, selc, from Old English sioloc, seoloc, seolc (“silk”). The immediate source is uncertain; it probably reached English via the Baltic trade routes (cognates in Old Norse silki (> Danish silke, Swedish silke (“silk”)), Russian шёлк (šolk), obsolete Lithuanian zilkaĩ), all ultimately from Late Latin sēricus, from Ancient Greek σηρικός (sērikós), ultimately from an Oriental language (represented now by e.g. Chinese 絲／丝 (sī, “silk”)). Compare Seres. Doublet of seric and serge.

you can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear

(horse racing, usually in the plural) The garments worn by a jockey displaying the colors of the horse's owner.


kiwifruit

kiwifruit (plural kiwifruit or kiwifruits)

Vitamin C values increased from 65.92 ± 9.1 (day 0) to 102 ± 23.1 μM (day 28) and from 68 ± 15.2 μM to 92.38 ± 14.7 μM after consuming two and three kiwifruit per day, respectively (Duttaroy & Jorgensen, 2004).

2013, Asim K[anti] Duttaroy, “Cardioprotective Properties of Kiwifruit”, in Mike Boland, Paul J. Moughan, editors, Nutritional Benefits of Kiwifruit (Advances in Food and Nutrition Research; volume 68), Academic Press, →ISBN, page 277:


watermelon

watermelon (countable and uncountable, plural watermelons)

/ˈwɔːtəˌmɛlən/

From the 1610s, a compound of water + melon. The meanings referring to environmentalists and behind schedule projects derive from the idea of having green (eco-friendly, on-schedule) outward appearance while being red (socialist, behind schedule) in a hidden way comparable to that of the fruit.

Citrullus lanatus
Citrullus lanatus#Translingual

A plant of the species Citrullus lanatus, bearing a melon-like fruit.


blackberry

From Middle English blakberie, blakeberie (“brambleberry”), from Old English blacu berġe, blæcberġe (attested in plural blaca berġan, equivalent to black + berry.

absolute state like in Syriac but not attested

ܦܛܠ (pṭal) (indeclinable) (neither means blackberry reliably but also thornbush, bramble. briar)

פטל (*pṭal) (indeclinable) (neither means blackberry reliably but also thornbush, bramble. briar)

Rubus fruticosus
Rubus fruticosus#Translingual

A fruit-bearing shrub of the aggregate species Rubus fruticosus and some hybrids.


haver

Borrowed from Scots haver, from Middle English haver, from Old Norse hafri (“oat, oats”), from Proto-Germanic *habrô (“oat, oats”), from Proto-Indo-European *kapro- (“goat”). Cognate with Dutch haver (“oats”) and German Hafer (“oat”).

(UK, Scotland, dialect) Oats (the cereal).


jail

jail (countable and uncountable, plural jails)

→ Hindustani:

Hindi: जेल (jel)

Urdu: جیل (jel)

→ Punjabi: ਜੇਲ੍ਹ (jelh)

→ Welsh: jêl, jael

From Middle English gayole, gaylle, gaille, gayle, gaile, via Old French gaiole, gayolle, gaole, from Medieval Latin gabiola, for Late Latin caveola, a diminutive of Latin cavea (“cavity, coop, cage”). Doublet of caveola and related to cage. More at cajole.

(horse racing, uncountable) The condition created by the requirement that a horse claimed in a claiming race not be run at another track for some period of time (usually 30 days).

horse racing: condition of not being able to run at another track for some period of time

väliaikainen kilpailurajoitus myynnin jälkeen


stretch

Esperanto: streĉi

From Middle English strecchen, from Old English streċċan (“to stretch, hold out, extend, spread out, prostrate”), from Proto-West Germanic *strakkjan (“to stretch, make taut or tight”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)treg-, *streg-, *treg- (“stiff, rigid”). Cognate with West Frisian strekke, Dutch strekken (“to stretch, straighten”), German strecken (“to stretch, straighten, elongate”), Danish strække (“to stretch”), Swedish sträcka (“to stretch”), Dutch strak (“taut, tight”), Albanian shtriqem (“to stretch”). More at stark.

cog

time stretch analog-to-digital converter

(horse racing) The homestretch, the final straight section of the track leading to the finish.


fig

Tok Pisin: fik

→ Chuukese: fik

→ Maori: piki

From Middle English fige, fygge (also fyke, from Old English fīc, see fike), borrowed from Anglo-Norman figue, borrowed from Old French figue, from Old Occitan figa, from Vulgar Latin *fīca (“fig”), from Latin fīcus (“fig tree”), from a pre-Indo European language, perhaps Phoenician 𐤐𐤂 (pg, literally “ripe fig”) (compare Biblical Hebrew פַּגָּה (paggâ, “early fallen fig”), Classical Syriac ܦܓܐ (paggāʾ), dialectal Arabic فَجّ (fajj), فِجّ (fijj)). (Another Semitic root (compare Akkadian 𒈠 (tīʾu, literally “fig”)) was borrowed into Ancient Greek as σῦκον (sûkon) (whence English sycophant; Boeotian τῦκον (tûkon)) and Armenian as թուզ (tʻuz).) The soap-making sense derives from the resemblance of the granulations in and texture of the soap to those of a fig. Doublet of fico.

cog

The fruit of the fig tree, pear-shaped and containing many small seeds.

And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons.

1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Genesis 3:7:

A fruit-bearing tree or shrub of the genus Ficus that is native mainly to the tropics.


fig

en-verb

fig (third-person singular simple present figs, present participle figging, simple past and past participle figged)

figs (present singular third-person)
figging (participle present)
figged (participle past)
figged (past)

Ginger, a showy, fast horse — as if he had been figged with ginger under his tail; a red-haired man.

1874, The Slang Dictionary: Etymological, Historical, and Anecdotal, page 176:

He must be "figged." Figging consists in pushing a piece of crushed ginger into the return of the wretched creature — a practice which is now illegal, and of which information should be given to the R.S.P.C.A. whenever detected.

1901, Natal Agriculture Journal, page 744:

“Is something amiss with the horse, Parr?” His gaze left the horse for a second as he glanced at Grace. “Yes, the horse has been figged. Now I just need to figure out who the culprit is.”

2015, Becky Lower, The Cotillion Ball Saga, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

(transitive, rare) To insert a ginger root into the anus, vagina or urethra of (a horse): to perform figging upon; to feague, to feak.


fig

The piece of ginger root used in figging.


oats

Oats are in the north corner of the farm.

Usually oats is last in a rotation and does not get the fertilizer that other feed grains get.

A mass of oat plants (genus Avena, especially Avena sativa).


fruitless

en-adj

fruitless (comparative more fruitless, superlative most fruitless)

more fruitless (comparative)
most fruitless (superlative)

Inherited from Middle English fruytles; equivalent to fruit + -less. Compare Middle English withouten fruyt (“fruitless”, literally “without fruit”).

noncog

The fruitless woman desperately wanted to have children.

According to that Cabaliſticall Dogma: If Abram had not had this Letter [i.e., ה (he)] added unto his Name he had remained fruitleſſe, and without the power of generation: […] So that being ſterill before, he received the power of generation from that meaſure and manſion in the Archetype; and was made conformable unto Binah.

1658, Thomas Browne, “The Garden of Cyrus. […]. Chapter V.”, in Hydriotaphia, Urne-buriall, […] Together with The Garden of Cyrus, […], London: […] Hen[ry] Brome […], →OCLC, page 192:

(figuratively, archaic) Of a person: unable to have children; barren, infertile.

barsız

unable to have children — see also infertile

बाँझ (bāñjh, literally “infertile woman”)


pomegranate

/ˈpɒmɪ(ˌ)ɡɹænɪt/

/ˈpɑmɪˌɡɹænɪt/

/ˈpɑməˌɡɹænət/

/ˈpɑmˌɡɹænət/

The noun is derived from Middle English pome-garnet, pome-garnete, pome garnate, pome granat, pome-granate (“pomegranate fruit; pomegranate tree; pomegranate seeds (?)”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman pome gernate, pomme gernette, Middle French pomme granade, pomme granate, pomme grenade, and Old French pome grenade, pome grenate, pomme grenate [and other forms] (modern French grenade), probably from Italian pomogranato, pomo granato (though apparently first attested later), and then either:
* from Italian pomo (“fruit, pome; apple”) + Latin (mālum) grānātum, (mālo)grānātum (“pomegranate”); or
* directly from Medieval Latin pōmum garnātum, pōmum grānātum (“pomegranate”), from Latin pōmum (“fruit; fruit tree”) + grānātum (“pomegranate”). Pōmum is possibly ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂po-h₁ém-os (“taken off”) (in the sense of being picked off a plant), from *h₂epó (“away; off”) + *h₁em- (“to distribute; to take”); while grānātum is derived from grānātus (“having many grains or seeds”), from grānum (“grain, seed, small kernel”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂- (“to mature, grow old”) + *-nós (suffix forming verbal adjectives)) + -ātus (suffix forming adjectives indicating the possession of a quality or thing from nouns).
The adjective is derived from the noun.

nb...

(Late Middle English) bamegarnade, (Middle English) pomegarnade, pome-garnade, pomegarnard, pome-garnard, pomegarnarde, pomegarnat, pome-garnat, pomegarnate, pome-garnate, pomegarned, pome-garned, pomegarnet, pomegarnete, pomegernade, pome-gernade, pomegernat, pome-gernat, pomegranarde, pome-granarde, pomegranate, pomegyrnat, pomgarnad, pomgarnade, pomgarnat, pomgarnate, pomgarnet, pomgarnett, pomgernad, pommegarnat, pommegarnet, pomogarnard, pongarnet, poomgarnet, poomgernett, poumbegarnet, poumegarnate, poumegarnet, poumegarnete, poumgarnet, poumgrene, poummegarnade, poungarnard, poungarned, poungarnet, poungarnett, pounkarnet, povmegarnat, powmbegarnet, powmegarnate, powmgarnet, powmgarnett, powngarned, powngarnet, poun-garnette, pumgarnade, pumgarnarde, pumgranat, pumgranate, pummegarnet, pungarnet

der

(Australia, colloquial, derogatory, obsolete) A person of British descent, especially one who has (recently) immigrated to Australia; a pom, a pommy.


fetid

en-adj

fetid (comparative more fetid, superlative most fetid)

more fetid (comparative)
most fetid (superlative)

Borrowed from Latin fētidus (“having offensive odour”), originally fēteō (“to stink”).

bor

I caught the fetid odor of dirty socks.


balm

en-noun

balm (countable and uncountable, plural balms)

→ Welsh: balm

BOM (for many speakers with the father-bother merger)

From Middle English bawme, from Anglo-Norman and Middle French baume, from Old French basme, from Latin balsamum, itself from Ancient Greek βάλσαμον (bálsamon). Spelling modified 16th c. to conform to Latin etymology. Doublet of balsam and desman.

Any of various aromatic resins exuded from certain plants, especially trees of the genus Commiphora of Africa, Arabia and India and Myroxylon of South America.


rosehip

The fleshy false fruit of a wild rose plant (e.g. sweetbrier, dog rose, burnet rose, etc.), containing the achenes or true fruits.


basil

basil (usually uncountable, plural basils)

→ Indonesian: basil

Inherited from Middle English basile, from Middle French basile, from Old French basile, from Medieval Latin basilicum, from Ancient Greek βασιλικόν (basilikón, “royal”), from βασιλεύς (basileús, “king”). Doublet of basilic, basilicon, and basilicum; further related to basileus, basilean, and basileiolatry.

doublet

Ocimum basilicum
Ocimum basilicum#Translingual


Osage orange

Maclura pomifera
Maclura pomifera#Translingual

The tree Maclura pomifera, noted for its large, dense, wrinkly, bright green and unpalatable fruit, once a popular hedge tree in the United States.


concord

en-noun

concord (countable and uncountable, plural concords)

From French concorde, Latin concordia, from concors (“of the same mind, agreeing”); con- + cor, cordis (“heart”). See heart, and compare accord.

(grammar) Agreement of words with one another, in gender, number, person, or case.

The concord or agreement may be made of an estate and fee-simple, fee-tail, or life or for years; it may be also of divers remainders, and that to them that are no parties but strangers to the fine; it may be also single or double, with a render back again of some estate of the same land or some rent out of it; so a concord may have in it reservation of rent, a clause of distress or nomine poenae and a warranty.

1792, Edward Wood, John Joseph Powell, A Complete Body of Conveyancing: In Theory and Practice, page 548:

And in all these, and such like cases, as before, where the concord is not formal, the judges ought not to receive the fine nor suffer it to pass; but if they do, and the fine be finished, it cannot afterwards be avoided by writ of error, or otherwise, for these faults.

1808, William Sheppard, The Touchstone of Common Assurances:

This concord was the foundation or substance of the fine; being, in form and in fact, the grant or conveyance intended to be given, and was acknowledged either openly in court, or before one of the judges, or before two or more commissioners empowered by a special authority. With this acknowledgment, all the essential parts of the fine were completed.

1850, Alexander Mansfield Burrill, A New Law Dictionary and Glossary, page 492:

The foot of a fine was a copy of an agreement ( the final concord ) reached in a court of law, usually the Court of Common Pleas, following a dispute over land ownership.

1994, The Local Historian - Volumes 24-25, page 66:

(law, obsolete) An agreement between the parties to a fine of land in reference to the manner in which it should pass, being an acknowledgment that the land in question belonged to the complainant. See fine.


concord

After Concord, Massachusetts, where the variety was developed.

A variety of sweet American grape, with large dark blue (almost black) grapes in compact clusters; a Concord grape.


burley

burley (countable and uncountable, plural burleys)

Unknown. Compare the personal name Burley.

The price received by farmers at the auctions for burley has decreased, other conditions being about average, around 1.45 cents for each 10-million-pound increase in the production of burley

1952, Glenn Leroy Johnson, Burley Tobacco Control Programs, page 59:

(US) A tobacco grown mainly in Kentucky, used in making cigarettes.

Fish will swim up your burley trail looking for the source which should be where your baits are placed, instead of dumping a heap of burley at once where the fish will feed on it quickly and move on.

2018, Jacks Boric, “Fishing with Burley”, in Shimano Fishing Oceania:

(Australia) Blood and offal used by fishermen to attract fish.


cohosh

cohosh (countable and uncountable, plural cohoshes)

From an Algonquian word meaning "rough", probably Eastern Abenaki / Penobscot *kkwὰhas. Compare Massachusett kushki (“(it is) rough”). Compare English cocash.

A perennial American herb (Caulophyllum thalictroides), the rough rootstock of which is used in medicine.


cowpea

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata#Translingual

Any of the plants in the species Vigna unguiculata, including the black-eyed pea.


betony

betony (countable and uncountable, plural betonies)

From Middle English betayny, betanie, from Medieval Latin betōnia (possibly through Old French), from Latin betōnica or ve(t)tōnica, from Vettones, a people in Lusitania. Compare French bétoine.

Stachys officinalis
Stachys officinalis#Translingual

Stachys officinalis (syn. Betonica officinalis, an herb used in traditional European medicine.

(Canada, US) Any plant of the genus Pedicularis (louseworts).


spud

From Middle English spudde (“small knife”). Origin unknown; probably related to Danish spyd, Old Norse spjót (“spear”), German Spieß (“spear; spike; skewer”). Compare English spit (“sharp, pointed rod”). The use of the term for a potato was perhaps first used in New Zealand and Australian dialect and slang.

As I turned out of the wood, I heard the shrill tone of infant wailing; and as I came towards the cottage, I saw a fine flaxen-headed urchin, some six or seven years old, stamping and beating himself with his clenched little spuds of fists, in a perfect ecstasy of passion […]

1844, Richard Sainthill, An Olla Podrida: Or, Scraps, Numismatic, Antiquarian, and Literary:

1728, Jonathan Swift, A Pastoral Dialogue, 1910, William Browning (editor), The Poems of Jonathan Swift, Volume 2, 2004, Gutenberg eBook #13621,
My love to Sheelah is more firmly fixt, / Than strongest weeds that grow these stones betwixt: / My spud these nettles from the stone can part; / No knife so keen to weed thee from my heart.

1885, Richard Jefferies, After London: or Wild England, 2004 [1905], Gutenberg eBook #13944,
Deprived of motion by the blow of the club, it can, on the other hand, be picked up without trouble and without the aid of a dog, and if not dead is despatched by a twist of the Bushman's fingers or a thrust from his spud. The spud is at once his dagger, his knife and fork, his chisel, his grub-axe, and his gouge. It is a piece of iron (rarely or never of steel, for he does not know how to harden it) about ten inches long, an inch and a half wide at the top or broadest end, where it is shaped and sharpened like a chisel, only with the edge not straight but sloping, and from thence tapering to a point at the other, the pointed part being four-sided, like a nail.

"I rigged up a contraption to hold off those stinking beasts, and I spent a happy day there with a spud."

1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:

A most respectable old Johnnie, don't you know. Doesn't do a thing nowadays but dig in the garden with a spud.

1925, P. G. Wodehouse, “Jeeves Takes Charge”, in Carry On, Jeeves, Arrow Books, published 2008, page 19:

A tool, similar to a spade, used for digging out weeds etc.

малка мотика

spade-like tool used for digging out weeds


spud

en-verb

spud (third-person singular simple present spuds, present participle spudding, simple past and past participle spudded)

spuds (present singular third-person)
spudding (participle present)
spudded (participle past)
spudded (past)

A rope called the jerk line is attached to the wrist pin of the band-wheel crank, brought inside the derrick, and attached to the part of the drilling cable which extends from the crown pulley to the bull-wheel shaft by a curved metal slide called a spudding shoe. (See fig. 8.)

1911, Isaiah Bowman, United States Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 257: Well-Drilling Methods, page 46:

When a well is spudded, the drilling assembly is loosely tied to the guide wires with 1/2″ manila rope.

1999, Steve Devereux, Drilling for Oil & Gas: A Nontechnical Guide, page 86:

Spudding is the process of lifting and dropping the pile constantly until the obstruction is broken into pieces. Obviously, spudding cannot be done with lighter piles (timber or pipe piles). Concrete piles and steel H-piles are good candidates for spudding.

2008, Ruwan Rajapakse, Pile Design and Construction Rules of Thumb, page 367:

Prepayments of drilling expenses are deductible by tax-shelter investors only if the well is “spudded” within 90 days after the close of the taxable year in which the prepayment was made, and the deduction is limited to the original amount of the investment.

2008, J. K. Lasser, J.K. Lasser′s Your Income Tax: 2009, Professional, Edition, page 238:

(drilling) To begin drilling an oil well; to drill by moving the drill bit and shaft up and down, or by raising and dropping a bit.


spud

A game for three or more players, involving the gradual elimination of players by throwing and catching a ball.


coleus

From the genus name translingual Coleus, from Latin coleus, from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós, “sheath”) in reference to the manner in which the stamens are united.

копривка

plant with bright-colored or variegated leaves

Any of certain plants in the mint family, many used as ornamentals for their colorful, variegated leaves, sometime included in genus Plectranthus (spurflowers), sometimes in their own genus Coleus,

especially, Plectranthus scutellarioides, also known as Coleus scutellarioides and Coleus blumei.


anise

en-noun

anise (countable and uncountable, plural anises)

From Middle English anys, borrowed from Old French anis, from Latin anīsum, from Ancient Greek ἄνισον (ánison), from Egyptian jnst.

[…] of the butcherbirds which were perched on the electric wires skirting the road must be nesting birds, and that in the absence of trees or brush they must be nesting in some of the weeds along the highway, mostly anise (Foeniculum vulgare).

1934, The Gull (Golden Gate Audubon Society), volumes 16-29, page 25

Foeniculum vulgare
Foeniculum vulgare#Translingual

(US, often qualified as "sweet anise" or "wild anise") Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare.


balsa

balsa (countable and uncountable, plural balsas)

→ Irish: balsa

Borrowed from Spanish balsa, from a pre-Roman substrate of Iberia, probably Basque [Term?] or Iberian [Term?]. Not related to balsam.

A large tree, Ochroma pyramidale, native to tropical America, with wood that is very light in weight.

A raft or float, used principally on the Pacific coast of South America.


chaw

chaw (countable and uncountable, plural chaws)

From Middle English chawen, an unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen ("to chew"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēow (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).

gl

"to chew"; whence Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">kauwen</i>

cog

When the doctor told him to quit smoking, Harvey switched to chaw, but then developed cancer of the mouth.

"YOU give him a chaw, did you? So did your sister's cat's grandmother. You pay me back the chaws you've awready borry'd off'n me, Lafe Buckner, then I'll loan you one or two ton of it, and won't charge you no back intrust, nuther."

1889, Mark Twain, chapter 21, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:

He […] went into the store and behind the counter and reached up and got the plug of chewing tobacco and unwrapped it and bit off a chaw.

(Appalachia, informal, uncountable) Chewing tobacco.


chard

en-noun

chard (countable and uncountable, plural chards)

From earlier card (remodelled after chardoon, obsolete form of cardoon), from Middle French carde, from Latin carduus (“thistle”). Doublet of cardoon.

(uncountable, cooking) An edible leafy vegetable, Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla, with a slightly bitter taste.

سِلْق

Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla — see also beet


emmer

emmer (countable and uncountable, plural emmers)

First used in 1908; borrowed from German Emmer, from Middle High German emeri, from Old High German amari, derivative of amar(o), which in turn gave rise to the obsolescent German synonym Amelkorn (“amelcorn”). Further etymology unknown, but some sources claim descent from Latin amylum (“starch, gruel”) (q.v.).

Emmer Wheat or Farro Emmer wheat, T. turgidum dicoccum, was probably the second wheat to be cultivated. It grew in warmer climates than einkorn, and became the most important cultivated form from the Near East through northern Africa and Europe until early Roman times, when it was superseded by durum and bread wheats. But pockets of emmer cultivation survived in parts of Europe, and emmer is now widely available under its Italian name, farro.

2004, Harold McGee, chapter 9, in On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen, Scribner, →ISBN:

Triticum dicoccon
Triticum dicoccon#Translingual

Any of species Triticum dicoccon, one of a group of hulled wheats that are important food grains.

wild emmer

Triticum dicoccoides (a hybrid of Triticum urartu and a wild goatgrass. such as Aegilops searsii or Aegilops speltoides)


chive

From Middle English chive~cyve, from Old French chive~cive, from Latin cēpa (“onion”).

Allium schoenoprasum
Allium schoenoprasum#Translingual

A perennial plant, Allium schoenoprasum, related to the onion.

(Trinidad and Tobago, dialect) The spring onion; The green onion; the scallion.


loquat

Japan Mespilus, or Loquat.

1811, William Aiton, Hortus Kewensis; or, A catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew, volume 3:

As far as the eye can see, one observes nothing but loquat orchards growing luxuriantly on the low, rich land, where the roots never suffer from lack of water.

1915, Ira Judson Condit, The Loquat, page 254:

I climbed up into the loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) tree in our backyard to think.

2009, Howard Camner, Turbulence at 67 Inches: The Autobiography, page 61:

Eriobotrya japonica
Eriobotrya japonica#Translingual

Any of species Eriobotrya japonica of trees (Japanese medlar, Chinese plum, Japanese plum).


hod

Probably an alteration of hot (“(Northern England, Scotland) large basket for carrying earth, etc.”), from Middle English hott, hote, hotte (“large basket or pannier for carrying earth, etc.; unit of measure for grain; hut or shed (perhaps originally of wattlework); lump of dirt (?)”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman and Old French hote, hotte (“large basket carried on the back”) (modern French hotte (“carrying basket”)), from Frankish *hotta (“basket”), perhaps from Proto-Germanic *hud- (“to shake”) (see further at etymology 1), ultimately an onomatopoeia of the swaying movement of such a basket (compare Middle Dutch hotten (“to jolt; shake”)).
cognates
* German Hotte (“wooden basket carried on the back; (specifically) basket for collecting grapes from a vineyard”) (Rhineland, Swabia), Hutte (“basket for collecting grapes from a vineyard”) (Alsace, Switzerland)
* Late Latin hotta, hottus (“hod”)

cog

'Clerking' is perhaps the most difficult and most admired job on a racecourse. The next time you see a bookmaker at his hod, waving his ticket-filled hands, shouting the odds, look to his left, just back a bit—out of the limelight. The bloke sitting there with his head buried deep in a ledger is the clerk.

2006, Tommy Steele, chapter 6, in Bermondsey Boy: Memories of a Forgotten World, large print edition, Bath, Somerset: Windsor Paragon; BBC Audiobooks, published 2007, →ISBN, page 64:


medlar

From Middle English medler, medeler, from Old French medler, meslier, from medle, mesdle (“medlar fruit”), from Latin mespilum, from Ancient Greek μέσπιλον (méspilon). Related to the rare mesple, via Proto-West Germanic *mespilā.

Any tree of the genus Mespilus, now Crataegus sect. Mespilus, including many species now in other genera.

Any of several similar trees that bear similar fruit:

Mediterranean medlar or azarole (Crataegus azarolus: family Rosaceae).

Mediterranean medlar
Mediterranean medlar

Crataegus azarolus
Crataegus azarolus#Translingual

Japanese medlar or loquat (Eriobotrya japonica: family Rosaceae).

The fruit of such trees, similar to small apples:

Especially that of Crataegus sect. Mespilus, not eaten until it has begun to decay, or more specifically, to blet.


jujube

From Middle English jujube, from Medieval Latin jujuba or Old French jujube, perhaps via Old Occitan from Classical Latin zīzyphum, zīzyphus, from Ancient Greek ζίζυφον (zízuphon)․ First attested in the 14th century.

The sweet and edible drupes (fruits) of several Mediterranean and African species of small trees.


hurtle

Possibly a clipping of hurtleberry, from Middle English hurtil-beri (“bilberry or blue whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus); berry of this shrub”); further etymology unknown, compare Middle English horten, hurten (“bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)”), and Old English horte (“bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)”).

cog

Vaccinia nigra, the blacke VVhortle, or Hurtle, is a baſe and lovve tree, or vvoodie plant, bringing foorth many branches of a cubite high, ſet full of ſmall leaues, of a darke greene colour, […]

1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Whortes, or Whortle berries”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book III, page 1229:

hurtleberry

(obsolete, rare) Synonym of hurtleberry or whortleberry (“any of several shrubs belonging to the genus Vaccinium; a berry of one of these shrubs”)


shaw

shore (Received Pronunciation, pour–poor merger)

shah (US, cot–caught merger, father-bother merger)

From Old English sċeaga, scaga. Cognate with Old Norse skógr (“forest, wood”), whence Danish skov (“forest”). Doublet of scaw.

Alfred Edward Housman
w:Alfred Edward Housman

1936, Alfred Edward Housman, More Poems, V, lines 1-2:
The snows are fled away, leaves on the shaws, / And grasses in the mead renew their birth,

Up here the hills were brave with the beauty and the heat of it, but the hayfield was still all a crackling dryness and in the potato park beyond the biggings the shaws drooped red and rusty already.

1932, Lewis Grassic Gibbon, Sunset Song (A Scots Quair), Polygon, published 2006, page 35:

(Scotland) The leaves and tops of vegetables, especially potatoes and turnips.

blast

the leaves and tops of vegetables, as of potatoes, turnips, etc.


jigger

→ Catalan: gigre

From jig + -er (agent suffix). Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary suggests a possible link to Old High German gīga (“fiddle”).

(horse racing) An illicit electric shock device used to urge on a horse during a race.


gage

A subspecies of plum, Prunus domestica subsp. italica.