tangle

From Middle English tanglen, probably of North Germanic origin, compare Swedish taggla (“to disorder”), Old Norse þǫngull, þang (“tangle; seaweed”), see Etymology 2 below.

(medicine) A paired helical fragment of tau protein found in a nerve cell and associated with Alzheimer's disease.

A form of art which consists of sections filled with repetitive patterns.


tangle

en-noun

tangle (countable and uncountable, plural tangles)

Of North Germanic origin, such as Danish tang or Swedish tång, from Old Norse þongull, þang. See also Norwegian tongul, Faroese tongul, Icelandic þöngull.

(in the plural) An instrument consisting essentially of an iron bar to which are attached swabs, or bundles of frayed rope, or other similar substances, used to capture starfishes, sea urchins, and other similar creatures living at the bottom of the sea.

(Scotland) Any long hanging thing, even a lanky person.


alga

(biology) Any of many aquatic photosynthetic organisms, including the seaweeds, whose size ranges from a single cell to giant kelps and whose biochemistry and forms are very diverse, some being eukaryotic.

algë

any of many aquatic photosynthetic organisms

green alga and red alga in Plantae)

Chlorophyta and Charophyta; Rhodophyta and Glaucophyta


diatom

From (deprecated) genus name Diatoma, from Ancient Greek διάτομος (diátomos, “cut through, cut in half”).

der

Diatoms are enclosed in two shells that fit together like a pillbox.

1967, George K. Reid, edited by Herbert S. Zim and George S. Fichter, Pond Life, New York: Golden Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 31:

Diatoms are characterized by a cell wall called a fistula made of silica, which usually has two overlapping sections.

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, Granta Books, published 2013, page 287:

Any of a group of minute unicellular algae having a siliceous covering of great delicacy, now categorized as class Diatomophyceae or division Bacillariophyta.


diatom

We show here, through a systematic study of the covalent chemical bond covering the entire periodic system, that the maximum bond multiplicity is six. The maximum value is reached by the tungsten diatom, W₂. No other pair of atoms in the periodic system (atomic numbers smaller than about 100) reaches a higher bond order.

2007, Björn O. Roos, Antonio C. Borin, Laura Gagliardi, “Reaching the Maximum Multiplicity of the Covalent Chemical Bond”, in Angewandte Chemie, volume 46, number 9, →DOI, archived from the original on 2024-04-27, pages 1469–1472:

(chemistry) A molecule composed of two atoms of the same element; a homonuclear diatomic molecule.


dulse

en-noun

dulse (usually uncountable, plural dulses)

Borrowed from Irish duileasc, Scottish Gaelic duileasg; compare Welsh delysg.

Then Egil said, ‘That happens if you eat dulse, it makes you even thirstier.’

1997, “Egil's Saga”, in Bernard Scudder, transl., The Sagas of Icelanders, Penguin, published 2001, page 151:

They worked together on their father's patch: desperately, hungrily, from dawn to nightfall; dragging up dulse from the shore to nourish the stones; [...] but nothing much grew except their own sense of separation.

2002, Joseph O'Connor, Star of the Sea, Vintage, published 2003, page 90:

Palmaria palmata
Palmaria palmata#Translingual

A seaweed of a reddish-brown color (Palmaria palmata) which is sometimes eaten, as in Scotland.


litmus

litmus (countable and uncountable, plural litmuses)

From Middle English litmose, lytmose, litemose, from Old Norse litmosi (“moss used for dyeing”), from lita (“to dye, stain”) + mosi (“moss”), the former from litr (“colour, dye, blee”), from Proto-Germanic *wlitiz, *wlituz (“appearance, blee”), from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to see”). Cognate with Old English wlite (“appearance, form, brightness, countenance”). More at moss.

cog

(uncountable) A dyestuff extracted from certain lichens, that changes color when exposed to pH levels greater than or less than certain critical levels.


kelp

en-noun

kelp (countable and uncountable, plural kelps)

→ French: kelp

→ German: Kelp

→ Irish: ceilp

→ Scottish Gaelic: ceilp

→ Spanish: quelpo

From Middle English culp, culpe, of uncertain origin; possibly from Old English *colba, *colfa, from Proto-West Germanic *kolbō (“bulb, cob”), from Proto-Germanic *kulbaz (“round object, club”). Compare Middle High German kolbe (“clublike plant”), Old Norse kolfr (“bulb of a plant”).

cog

Underneath the area demarcated by the buoys, Ms Puckett plants kelp—a type of seaweed—on long ropes that resemble washing lines.

2021 June 26, “Why New England is going wild for wet weeds”, in The Economist, →ISSN:

Any of several large brown algae seaweeds (order Laminariales).


tripe

en-noun

tripe (usually uncountable, plural tripes)

From Middle English tripe, from Old French tripe (“entrails”), of uncertain origin; possibly borrowed from Spanish tripa.

An edible lichen, especially rock tripe.


wrack

wrack (countable and uncountable, plural wracks)

Late Middle English, from Middle Dutch wrak, ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *wrekaną (“to drive out”), the source of wreak and wreck. Doublet of vraic.
Cognate with German Wrack, Old Norse rek, Danish vrag, Swedish vrak, Old English wræc); also compare Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (wrikan), 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (wrakjan, “persecute”), Old Norse reka (“drive”).

der

Any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the family Fucaceae.

goémon

any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the genus Fucus


tang

From Middle English tange, variant of tonge (“tongs, fang”), from Old Norse tangi (“pointed metal tool”), perhaps related to Old Norse tunga (“tongue”). But see also Middle Dutch tanger (“sharp, tart, pinching”).

ruoti

projecting part of an object by means of which it is secured to some other part

angel

part of small instrument inserted into handle

a tang of pedantry

Such proceedings had a strong tang of tyranny.

1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):

a cant of philosophism, and a tang of party politics

1806, Francis Jeffrey, “Memoirs of Dr. Priestley”, in The Edinburgh Review:

What, was it I who bared my heart / Through unrelenting years, / And knew the sting of misery's dart, / The tang of sorrow's tears?

1913, Paul Laurence Dunbar, At Sunset Time:

(figuratively) A sharp, specific flavor or tinge.


tang

onomatopoeic

Imitative

A sharp, twanging sound; an unpleasant tone; a twang.


tang

en-noun

tang (countable and uncountable, plural tangs)

Probably of Scandinavian origin; compare Danish tang (“seaweed”), Swedish tång, Icelandic þang

Ascophyllum nodosum
Ascophyllum nodosum#Translingual

(rare) knotted wrack, Ascophyllum nodosum (coarse blackish seaweed)


seaweed

seaweed (usually uncountable, plural seaweeds)

We have lingered in the chambers of the sea / By sea-girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown / Till human voices wake us, and we drown.

1915 June, T[homas] S[tearns] Eliot, “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, in Prufrock and Other Observations, London: The Egotist […], published 1917, →OCLC, page 16:

The tide was out, and we drew up amid the strong bracing smell of seaweed, with gulls screeching, wheeling around, and gliding on the wind.

1947 January and February, O. S. Nock, “"The Aberdonian" in Wartime”, in Railway Magazine, page 8:

Any of numerous marine plants and algae, such as a kelp.

todhar (North Uist, Benbecula, Eriskay, Barra)

With light penetrating to the lake bottom, beds of seaweed flourished where little had grown before.

1995, Dan McCosh, “Aliens among us”, in Popular Science, page 94:

(by extension) Any of various fresh water plants and algae.


dulce

dulce (countable and uncountable, plural dulces)


blue-green alga

blue-green alga (plural blue-green algae)

Blue-green algae cells lack nuclei, and pigment is scattered.

Northern Ireland’s Lough Neagh, the largest lake in the British Isles, has been hit by recorded levels of potentially toxic blue-green algae that regional agencies say have not been seen since the 1970s.

2023 August 23, Tommy Greene, “Lough Neagh ‘dying in plain sight’ due to vast algal blooms”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

Any member of the taxonomic class or phylum Cyanobacteria; a primitive photosynthetic organism similar to bacteria which is thought to have generated the first oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere.


agar

agar (countable and uncountable, plural agars)

From Malay agar or agar-agar, both meaning jelly.

A gelatinous material obtained from red algae, especially Gracilaria species, used as a bacterial culture medium, in electrophoresis and as a food additive.


ware

ware (usually uncountable, plural wares)

From Middle English ware, from Old English waru, from Proto-West Germanic *waru, from Proto-Germanic *warō (“attention”) as in beware, in the sense of “an object of care, a valuable”, from Proto-Indo-European *wer- (“to watch, keep guard”), whence also ward. Cognate with Dutch waar (“goods offered for sale or use”) and Swedish vara, with the same meaning.


reindeer moss

en-noun

reindeer moss (countable and uncountable, plural reindeer mosses)

They passed alder swamps and bamboo groves and pale green reindeer moss.

2006, Thomas Pynchon, Against the Day, Vintage, published 2007, page 870:

Cladonia rangiferina
Cladonia rangiferina#Translingual

A lichen (Cladonia rangiferina) that grows in areas of alpine tundra.


algology

The branch of botany dealing with algae.


lichen

lichen (countable and uncountable, plural lichens or lichen)

Borrowed from Latin līchēn, from Ancient Greek λειχήν (leikhḗn), from λείχω (leíkhō, “to lick”). Originally used of liverwort; the modern sense first recorded 1715.

The Beaches of Lukannon–the winter wheat so tall, / The dripping, crinkled lichens, and the sea-fog drenching all!

1894 May, Rudyard Kipling, “Lukannon”, in The Jungle Book, London, New York, N.Y.: Macmillan and Co., published June 1894, →OCLC, page 122:

It was the same rich green that one sees on forest moss or on the lichen in caves: plants which like these grow in a perpetual twilight.

1895 May 7, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, chapter XI, in The Time Machine: An Invention, New York, N.Y.: Henry Holt and Company, →OCLC:

The nibble marks of the stone adze were still visible, though crusted over with scale lichens in most places.

1915, John Muir, chapter V, in Travels in Alaska:

Any of many symbiotic organisms, being associations of algae and fungi, often found as white or yellow-to-blue–green patches on rocks, old walls, etc.

liken

symbiotic association of algae and fungi


receptacle

From Middle English receptacle, from Anglo-Norman receptacle and Middle French receptacle (“organ containing a fluid; gathering place; water basin”) (modern French réceptacle), from Latin receptāculum (“animal enclosure, container, place of refuge, receptacle, repository, reservoir, shelter”), from receptāre (“to harbour, to receive, to shelter”) or receptō (“I receive back or again, I recover”), frequentative of recipiō (“I receive; I hold back, I reserve”) (from re- (“back, again”) + capiō (“I hold”)) + -culum (suffix forming nouns from verbs, particularly nouns representing tools and instruments); cognate with Italian recettaculo, ricettaculo, Portuguese receptáculo, Spanish receptáculo.

der

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

All flowers in a head share a common receptacle. The receptacle may be flat or convex. It may bear tiny scales called paleae. The paleae of a receptacle are referred to as chaff. Receptacles without paleae are said to be epaleate or naked. When the paleae are shed, they may leave either a smooth or a pitted receptacle. Occasionally, hairs, scales, or bristles may also be present on the receptacle.

2015, Robert H. Mohlenbrock, “Descriptions and Illustrations”, in Flowering Plants: Asteraceae, Part I (The Illustrated Flora of Illinois), Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, →ISBN, page 7:

(botany) The part of the flower stalk (peduncle or pedicel) to which the floral parts are attached; a thalamus, a torus.

In the Asteraceae (aster or sunflower family), the end of the peduncle to which all of the florets of the flower head are attached.

Plants all marine, of an olive-brown or olive-green colour, becoming black on exposure to air; […] Frutification, tubercles contained in distinct receptacles, or embedded in the frond, and containing dark-coloured seeds surrounded with a pellucid limbus, which escape by a terminal pore.

1830, Robert Kaye Greville, “Order I.—FUCOIDEÆ.”, in Algæ Britannicæ, or Descriptions of the Marine and Other Inarticulated Plants of the British Islands, Belonging to the Order Algæ; with Plates Illustrative of the Genera, Edinburgh: Maclachlan & Stewart, Edinburgh; and Baldwin & Cradock, London, →OCLC, page 1:

In addition to gas bladders, the thallus of reproductive rockweed, Fucus, has inflated tips called receptacles. The small bumps on the surface of each receptacle are conceptacles, chambers within which the gametangia grow.

2013, George Karleskint, Jr., Richard Turner, James W. Small, Jr., “Multicellular Primary Producers”, in Introduction to Marine Biology, 4th edition, Belmont, Calif.: Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning, →ISBN, figure 7-12 caption, page 170:

(phycology) A structure at the end of a branch of an alga containing conceptacles (reproductive organs).

(zoology) An organ that receives and holds a secretion.

A contact device installed at an outlet for the connection of an attachment plug is a receptacle[…]. A multiple receptacle is a single device consisting of two or more receptacles[…].

2002, Charles R. Miller, “Section 1: Foundational Provisions”, in Illustrated Guide to the National Electrical Code: Based on the 2002 National Electrical Code, 2nd edition, Albany, N.Y.: Delmar Thomson Learning, →ISBN, unit 2 (Definitions), page 22:

Whether you call them outlets, plug-ins, or receptacles, these important devices represent the point where the rubber meets the road in your home wiring system. From the basic 15-amp, 120-volt duplex receptacle to the burly 50-amp, 240-volt appliance receptacle, the many outlets in your home do pretty much the same thing: transmit power to a load.

2008, “Receptacles”, in The Complete Guide to Wiring (Complete Guide series), 4th rev. edition, Minneapolis, Minn.: Creative Publishing International, →ISBN, page 103:

(electricity, US) A contact device installed at an outlet for the connection of an attachment plug (typically by receiving the plug's prongs) to supply portable appliances or equipment.

dugaszalj, dugaszaljzat, konnektoraljzat, csatlakozó aljzat


carrageenan

en-noun

carrageenan (usually uncountable, plural carrageenans)

/ˌkɛɹəˈɡinən/

/ˌkæɹəˈɡiːnən/

From carrageen + -an, an alternative form of -in.

A food additive made from a purified extract of red seaweed, commonly used as a thickening agent.

carragahen

Food additive made from extract of red seaweed


sea sawdust

Coined by sailors on Captain James Cook's 1768-71 voyage (his first voyage) to the south seas and Australia.

1770, The Endeavour Journal of Sir Joseph Banks at Project Gutenberg Australia
The seamen who are now convinc'd that it was not as they had thought the spawn of fish began to call it Sea sawdust, a name certainly not ill adapted to its appearance.

Marine blue-green algae (cyanobacteria, actually brown coloured) of the genus Trichodesmium.


wakame

Atlantic wakame is actually badderlocks.

Loosely, any seaweed in the family Alariaceae.


hijiki

“We're going to start you out, for the first three days, on psyllium seeds and hijiki.”

1993, TC Boyle, The Road to Wellville, Penguin, published 1994, page 117:

A. Hijiki, the branched seaweed frequently used in small amounts in salads and garnishes, and other kinds of seaweed do contain more arsenic than other foods, but no arsenic-related health problems have been traced to hijiki in the United States.

2007 August 28, C. Claiborne Ray, “Suspect Seaweed”, in New York Times:

Sargassum fusiforme, a brown seaweed used in Japanese cuisine.


nori

From Japanese 海苔 (nori), ultimately from Proto-Japonic *nǝri. The kanji literally mean "ocean moss", although this does not represent actual etymology as the kanji are jukujikun (熟字訓).

A type of seaweed, a red alga, laver (genus Pyropia, including species P. yezoensis and P. tenera).


kombu

[T]he productions of Jeso, in particular, are as follows: konbu, or sea-cabbage, birds of prey for hawking, whales and other sea-fish, skins of otters, beavers, seals, and stags, castoreum, gold, silver, adamantine spar.

1855, Richard Hildreth, “[Appendix.] Note H. Account of Japan, Chiefly Extracted from Japanese Works. […]”, in Japan as It Was and Is, Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson and Company; New York, N.Y.: J[ames] C[ephas] Derby, →OCLC, page 567:

The chief occupation along the shore is gathering the seaweed called kombu (something like our kelp, or quite the same), which is sent in such large quantities to China; and a certain amount of fishing is also done. The kombu grows upon submarine rocks, but for drying it a wide, flat space is needed, and the houses, therefore, are placed along the sandy beaches; and almost every beach however small is occupied.

1874 December 31, Benj[amin] Smith Lyman, “[Letter to General Horace Capron, Commissioner and Adviser to the Kaitakushi]”, in Horace Capron et al., Reports and Letters to the Kaitakushi, […], Tokyo: Published by the Kaitakushi [Hokkaidō Development Commission], published 1875, →OCLC, page 424:

A kombu or kombu-shiitake stock is also quick and mineral rich and makes a fragrant base for broth or miso soup. Wipe a six-inch piece of kombu seaweed with a damp cloth to remove dust and excess salt. Place the kombu in a pot with four to six cups of water. Bring to a light boil and simmer for five minutes. Steep for five minutes. Remove seaweed and use stock. The kombu can be cut and used again in soups or other dishes.

1987 January–February, Margaret Lee Braun, “Warming Up with Winter Soups”, in Stephan Bodian, editor, Yoga Journal, number 72, Berkeley, Calif.: California Yoga Teachers Association, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 80, column 1:

The Japanese tangles are called konbu and represent important genera of seaweeds which have been used as food since ancient times. […] Konbu is harvested mainly in the various coastal areas of Hokkaido during the period from the last ten days of May to the end of September. Konbu is mostly dried in the sun soon after harvest, but sometime^([sic]) in a hot-air drier depending on weather.

1987, Kazutosi Nisizawa, Hiroyuki Noda, Ryo Kikuchi, Tadaharu Watanabe, “The Main Seaweed Foods in Japan”, in Mark A. Ragan, Carolyn J. Bird, editors, Twelfth International Seaweed Symposium: Proceedings of the Twelfth International Seaweed Symposium Held in Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 27 – August 1, 1986 […] (Developments in Hydrobiology; 41), Dordrecht, Boston, Mass.: Dr. W. Junk Publishers, →DOI, →ISBN, section 4 (Laminaria (konbu) and Hizikia (hiziki)), page 12:

When it comes to kaiseki, there can be no avoiding a discussion on the subject of dashi, the simple stock based on dried bonito flakes. Almost every dish is built on a foundation of dashi. Although there are many variations, its fundamental ingredients are kombu kelp, dried bonito flakes and water. Kombu contains amino acids such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid and dried bonito flakes contain inosinic acid. In combination these flavor-enhancing acids act to amplify the umami flavor in any dish.

2006, Yoshihiro Murata, Kaiseki: The Exquisite Cuisine of Kyoto’s Kikunoi Restaurant, Tokyo: Kodansha International, →ISBN, page 161:

It [monosodium glutamate] was discovered in 1908 by a Japanese scientist, Kikunae Ikeda, who was trying to pinpoint the source of the intense deliciousness of broth made from kombu seaweed.

2007 February 18, Fuchsia Dunlop, “China’s true dash of flavor”, in The New York Times, New York, N.Y.: The New York Times Company, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2019-04-18:

Edible kelp (“a type of brown seaweed”) (from the class Phaeophyceae) used in East Asian cuisine.


orchil

orchil (countable and uncountable, plural orchils)

From Old French orchel, orseil (modern French orseille), of uncertain origin.

Any of several lichens, especially those of the genera Roccella and Lecanora.

Lecanora tartarea
Lecanora tartarea#Translingual

The purple dye, orcein, extracted from them (especially Lecanora tartarea) and often used as substitute for Tyrian purple.


orcein

orcein (usually uncountable, plural orceins)

(chemistry) a dye, related to litmus, that is extracted from the lichen Rocella tinctoria; used as a microscopic stain and as a food colouring


laver

laver (countable and uncountable, plural lavers)

larva (non-rhotic, with the "broad a" pronunciation)

From Middle English laver, lavre, lever, levre, laber (“a kind of water plant”), from Old English læfer, leber (“a rush (plant)”), a borrowing from Latin laver (“water plant”).

To roast a leg, haunch, or saddle of mutton. […] A modern refinement is to put laver in the dripping-pan, which, in basting, imparts a high gout; or a large saddle may be served over a pound and a half of laver, stewed in brown sauce with catsup and seasonings.

1847, Margaret Dods [pseudonym; Christian Isobel Johnstone], “Roasting”, in The Cook and Housewife’s Manual. […], 8th edition, Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd; London; Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., →OCLC, paragraph 19, pages 106–107:

Porphyra umbilicalis
Porphyra umbilicalis#Translingual

Porphyra laciniata
Porphyra laciniata#Translingual

A red alga/seaweed, Porphyra umbilicalis (syn. Porphyra laciniata), eaten as a vegetable.


fat choy

a blue-green alga (Nostoc flagelliforme) used as a vegetable in Chinese cooking


coccolithophore

From Ancient Greek κόκκος (kókkos, “grain, seed”) + λίθος (líthos, “stone”) + φόρος (phóros, “carry”); this compound references how the phytoplanktonic organism's life cycle results in the depositing of its microscopic seed-like calcic exoskeleton, forming calcite.

uder

Chalk formations such as the white cliffs of Dover are largely composed of the bodies of countless billions of coccolithophores that bloomed, died and then sank to the seabed each season for millions of years.

2012, Caspar Henderson, The Book of Barely Imagined Beings, Granta Books, published 2013, page 290:

It was filled with a kind of golden-brown planktonic algae known as coccolithophores, whose skeletons would form the chalks that underlie parts of Britain, Belgium and France today.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: The First 100 Million Years, Penguin, published 2019, page 27:

Any of many minute mostly marine planktonic biflagellated organisms with brown chromatophores and complex calcareous, less commonly siliceous, shells.


macroalga

Large algae, often living attached in dense beds, such as kelp.


stonewort

Any of various complex algae of the family Characeae, known for being branched and having enclosed egg cells.


chlorophyte

From chloro- (“green”) + -phyte (“plant”).

Also consistent with the notion that chlorophytes require high light was the unprecedented appearance of the desmid Hyalotheca dissiliens that occurred when gypsy moth larvae defoliated the tree canopy overhanging a Rhode Island stream (Sheath et al., 1986).

1996, Walter Hill, “5: Effects of Light”, in R. Jan Stevenson, Max L. Bothwell, Rex L. Lowe, editors, Algal Ecology: Freshwater Benthic Ecosystems, page 139:

Haploid flagellated spores dominate the life cycle of Chlamydomonas, a single-celled, freshwater chlorophyte (Figure 20.13).

2008, Cecie Starr, Christine A. Evers, Lisa Starr, Biology: Concepts & Applications, page 326:

Although there are as many ways to classify the chlorophytes as there are texts and publications discussing it, especially as new research becomes available, this chapter will focus on the scheme described in Graham and Wilcox (2000) and Wehr and Sheath (2003).

2010, American Water Works Association, chapter L, in Algae: Source to Treatment, page 154:

Any of the green algae that make up the division Chlorophyta


green alga

Green algae cells have nuclei; pigments in distinct bodies.

1967, George K. Reid, edited by Herbert S. Zim and George S. Fichter, Pond Life, New York: Golden Press, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 31:

Any of very many plant organisms, of the phyla Chlorophyta and Charophyta, that grow in damp places; a chlorophyte


cyanidiophyte

Any thermophilic red alga of class Cyanidiophyceae.


red alga

Any algae of the phyla Rhodophyta, principally, and Glaucophyta, mostly reddish in colour.


spirulina

/ˌspɪɹəˈliːnə/

Another interesting factor in Spirulina is its effect upon appetite. Either it is so concentrated that the body signals a satisfaction feeling from the digestive tract where Spirulina has a remarkable 85% digestibility […]

1980, Christopher B. Hills, The Secrets of Spirulina: Medical Discoveries of Japanese Doctors, Nicholson:

Research by the meat and dairy industries has been slanted. New discoveries show that B12 can be found in numerous non-meat sources, such as olives, mushrooms, bananas, spirulina, bee pollen, concord grapes, […]

1982 February, Paavo Airola, “Plant Sources of Vitamin B12”, in Vegetarian Times, →ISSN, page 88:

A food supplement prepared from blue-green algae of the genus Arthrospira found in soda lakes.


sea grape

en-noun

sea grape (countable and uncountable, plural sea grapes)

Most of Indian Key seems to be swamp, covered with mangrove roots. But there is a small gravel beach where we landed, and a few yards inland we found a sheltered spot on dry ground for the tent. We pitched it under a sea-grape tree.

1941 March 12, Charles A. Lindbergh, The Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh, New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, published 1970, page 461:

A small tree, Coccoloba uvifera, that grows on sandy beaches in tropical America; it has clusters of purple fruit.

(UK, Ireland) Any plant in the genus Ephedra, especially those native to Europe and neighboring parts of Africa and Asia.

Seaweeds in the genus Caulerpa, eaten in Southeast Asia, especially Caulerpa lentillifera and Caulerpa racemosa.

Gulfweed, a kind of brown alga (Sargassum).

Any animal in the genus Molgula, bottom-dwelling sea squirts that look like peeled grapes.


vraic

From Auregnais Norman vraic (“seaweed”), from Germanic. Doublet of wrack.

There was some sort of big pans, I didn't know what they was for; but Jim said once upon a time they was used to boil vraic to make iodine.

1974, GB Edwards, The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, New York, published 2007, page 45:

(Channel Islands) Seaweed gathered for use as a fertilizer or fuel.

vraic

seaweed gathered for use as a fertilizer or fuel


fischerindole

(biochemistry) Any of several antimicrobial alkaloids, obtained from a blue-green alga of the genus Fischerella, having a structure similar to hapalindole.


black pine

black pine (countable and uncountable, plural black pines)

(uncountable) A certain red alga, of species Neorhodomela larix, found in intertidal areas of the North Pacific.


litmus paper

litmus paper (countable and uncountable, plural litmus papers)

(chemistry) paper containing a water-soluble pH indicator composed of a mixture of different dyes extracted from certain lichens. The resulting piece of paper is used to test materials for acidity, turning red when acidic and blue when alkaline.


arame

A seaweed, Eisenia bicyclis, used in Japanese cuisine.


pondweed

pondweed (countable and uncountable, plural pondweeds)

Any of several plants that grow in ponds or similar aquatic conditions:

(most commonly) Potamogeton, a diverse and worldwide genus

If you have ever had a pond you will know Azolla, a.k.a. pondweed, duckweed fern or fairy moss.

2018, Tim Flannery, Europe: A Natural History, page 76:

Aponogeton, in Africa, Asia and Australasia


didymo

Clipping of translingual Didymosphenia geminata.

Didymosphenia geminata
Didymosphenia geminata#Translingual

(informal) A species of diatom, Didymosphenia geminata, best known as widely invasive algae.


rock snot

(informal) The species of diatom, Didymosphenia geminata, best known as widely invasive algae.


roccella

Any of a group of lichens of genus Roccella, especially Rocella tinctoria from which litmus is extracted.


Irish moss

Irish moss (countable and uncountable, plural Irish mosses)

(seaweed): From its frequency on the Irish coast.

1865, Henry David Thoreau, Cape Cod, Chapter I. "The Shipwreck", page 13.
At Jerusalem village the inhabitants were collecting in haste, before a thunder-shower now approaching, the Irish moss which they had spread to dry.

Chondrus crispus
Chondrus crispus#Translingual

A species of edible seaweed, Chondrus crispus.


limu

limu (countable and uncountable, plural limus)

The menu included chicken, roast pig, raw fish, seaweed, which Hawaiians called limu, roasted kukui nuts, and baked dog […]

2012, Julia Flynn Siler, Lost Kingdom, Grove Press, page 158:

(Hawaii) Any of various kinds of edible algae, which form an important part of the traditional Hawaiian diet.


fucitol

(biochemistry) The deoxy sugar alcohol (2R,3S,4R,5S)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentanol, derived from a seaweed.


xanthophyte

From xantho- (“golden”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biology) Any yellow-green alga (of the class Xanthophyceae).


rhodophyte

/ˈɹəʊdə(ʊ)fʌɪt/

From rhodo- (“rose-colored”) + -phyte (“plant”), from translingual Rhodophyta.

confix

(biology) Any red alga (of phylum Rhodophyta).


phaeophyte

(biology) Any brown alga (of the class Phaeophyceae)


brown alga

Any of many seaweeds of the class Phaeophyceae.


phycophyte

From phyco- (“seaweed, algae”) + -phyte (“plant”).


prasinophyte

Ancient Greek πρᾰ́σῐνος (prásinos, “leak-green, light green”) + -phyte (“plant”)

uder

Any of various flagellate, unicellular green algae of the class Prasinophyceae


glaucophyte

Any freshwater alga of the phylum Glaucophyta.


eustigmatophyte

(biology) Any alga of the class Eustigmatophyceae


chromophyte

(biology) Any alga of the taxon Chromista.


axodine

The chrysophytes, bacillariophytes, and dictyochophytes (axodines; a group of heterokonts) date from about 100 million years ago, and despite the mass extinctions 65.5 million years ago, many species still flourish.

2017, Louise Eaton, Examining Fungi and Protists:

(biology) Any unicellular heterokont alga of the class Actinochrysophyceae.


chrysophyte

Ancient Greek χρυσός (khrusós, “gold”) + -phyte (“plant”)

Any golden alga of the class Chrysophyceae


cyanophyte

From cyano- (“dark blue-green”) + -phyte (“plant”).


bacillariophyte

(biology) Any alga of the class Bacillariophyceae; a diatom


charophyte

/ˈkæ.ɹəʊˌfaɪt/

From translingual Charophyta by analogy to chara (“an unknown root”) + -phyte (“plant”).

suffix

Any green alga of the division Charophyta


cyanobacterium

At some point in the first billion years of life, cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, learned to tap into a freely available resource – the hydrogen that exists in spectacular abundance in water.

2003, Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, BCA, published 2003, page 262:

Photosynthesis was established some billion years ago by ancient bacterial precursors of modern cyanobacteria.

2011, Terence Allen, Graham Cowling, The Cell: A Very Short Introduction, Oxford, page 91:

(biology) Any of very many photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms, of phylum Cyanobacteria, once known as blue-green algae.

cianobacteri

prokaryotic microorganism of phylum Cyanobacteria


coralline

From French corallin, from Latin corallinus, from corallium (“coral”), via Greek probably of Semitic origin.

Any calcareous species of red algae of the family Corallinaceae.


algaculture

From alga + culture, after agriculture, etc.


yellow-green alga

en-noun

yellow-green alga (plural yellow-green algae)

Any alga, of the class Xanthophyceae, that have yellow carotenoid pigments as well as chlorophyll


bangiophyte

/ˈbænd͡ʒɪɔˌfaɪt/


carrageen

carrageen (countable and uncountable, plural carrageens)

→ German: Carrageen

→ Korean: 카라긴 (karagin)

/ˌkæɹəˈɡiːn/

/ˈkæɹəˌɡiːn/

From Irish carraigín (“Irish moss”), from carraig (“rock”).


phyco-

From combining form of Ancient Greek φῦκος (phûkos, “seaweed”).


spiral wrack

Fucus spiralis
Fucus spiralis#Translingual

A species of seaweed, Fucus spiralis, living on the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America.


sea ivory

Ramalina siliquosa
Ramalina siliquosa#Translingual

Ramalina siliquosa, a species of lichen.


maerl

maerl (countable and uncountable, plural maerls)

maerls (plural)
as a collective noun (usually)

Two or three species of calcareous algae in the Corallinaceae family, that grow on the seabed.


domoic acid

From Tokunoshima ドウモイ (dōmoi), a type of red algae.

(organic chemistry) A neurotoxin associated with some algal blooms


raphidophyte

(biology) Any of a group of unicellular algae of the class Raphidophyceae


fucoidan

(biochemistry) A sulfated polysaccharide found in several seaweeds

fukoidano

a sulfated polysaccharide found in several seaweeds


orcinol

orcinol (countable and uncountable, plural orcinols)

(organic chemistry) A natural phenolic organic compound that occurs in many species of lichen, used in the production of orcein and as a reagent in some chemical tests for pentoses


orcin

orcin (countable and uncountable, plural orcins)

(organic chemistry) The organic compound 3,5-dihydroxytoluene, found in many lichens and synthesizable from toluene.


beard moss

beard moss (usually uncountable, plural beard mosses)

Any of several lichens, of the genus Usnea, that generally grow hanging from tree branches, resembling grey or greenish hair.


cladophore

Any green alga of the order Cladophorales.


spirogyra

Any of a group of freshwater, filamentous green algae, of the genus Spirogyra, having chloroplasts arranged in spirals.

水綿

any of a group of freshwater, filamentous green algae, of the genus Spirogyra, having chloroplasts arranged in spirals


leprose

en-adj

leprose (comparative more leprose, superlative most leprose)

more leprose (comparative)
most leprose (superlative)

From New Latin leprōsus in botany especially as used by Linnaeus in his 1753 Species Plantarum and Late Latin leprōsus in medicine, from lepra (“psoriasis, leprosy”) + -ōsus, from Koine Greek λέπρᾱ (léprā, “psoriasis & similar skin diseases”), from Ancient Greek λεπρός (leprós, “scaly”), from either λεπίς (lepís, “scale”) or λέπος (lépos, “husk, scale”) + -ρος (-ros, “forming adjective”).

der

A small section of the genus, including T. Usneoides of the United States, presents a filiform and diffusely dichotomous stem with alternate and filiform leprose leaves.

1818, Thomas Nuttall, Genera of North American Plants..., volume I, page 208:

(botany) Synonym of scaly or lepidote, particularly describing lichens with a granular or powdery thallus.


prymnesiophyte

From translingual Prymnesiophyceae + -phyte.

af

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Prymnesiophyceae</i>

(biology) Any of many unicellular photosynthetic algae of the class Prymnesiophyceae


parietin

Rumex crispus
Rumex crispus#Translingual

A cortical pigment of some lichens (genus Caloplaca and Xanthoria parietina, also found in roots of curled dock (Rumex crispus), having an orange-yellow colour and antifungal properties.


lichenometry

In lichenometry, a lichen is presumed to grow radially at a specific, constant rate: this rate is used to estimate the age of the largest lichen on a rock surface, and thus the length of time the rock has been exposed.

The sophistication of approach to lichenometry has increased markedly in the last decade or two.

2004, Jean M. Grove, Little Ice Ages: Ancient and Modern, Volume 1, 2nd edition, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), page 7:

Lichenometry is a surface-exposure dating method that uses lichen-growth rates to infer the age of young ([a] few thousand years old or younger) glacial landforms, typically bouldery deposits such as moraines.[…]Several approaches have been employed to measure lichens, and a distinct advantage of lichenometry over other techniques is its simplicity (Bradwell, 2009).

2011, Jason P. Briner, “Dating Glacial Landforms”, in Vijay P. Singh, Pratap Singh, Umesh K. Haritashya, editors, Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers, Springer, page 177:

Lichenometry is a dating method which is based upon the direct relationship between lichen diameter and age.

2012, Matti Saarnisto, “I.4: Time-scales and dating”, in B. Huntley, T. Webb III, editors, Handbook of vegetation science, Volume 7: Vegetation history, Kluwer Academic, page 102:

(archaeology, paleontology, geomorphology) A geomorphic method of geochronologic dating that uses lichen growth to determine the age of exposed rock.

lichenometrie

geochronologic dating method that uses lichen growth


fucus

From New Latin Fūcus, from Ancient Greek φῦκος (phûkos).

Sea-weeds, consisting of different species of fuci, algæ, and confervæ, are much used as a manure on the sea-coasts of Britain and Ireland.

a. 1813, Sir Humphry Davy, "Lecture VI" in Elements of Agricultural Chemistry (1840 reprint)

One of the feeblest of these inlets, after winding for some time among buried fragments of masonry, and knots of sunburnt weeds whitened with webs of fucus, stays itself in an utterly stagnant pool beside a plot of greener grass covered with ground ivy and violets.

1853, John Ruskin, “Torcello”, in The Stones of Venice, volume II (The Sea-Stories), London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, § I, page 11:


fucoid

en-adj

fucoid (comparative more fucoid, superlative most fucoid)

more fucoid (comparative)
most fucoid (superlative)

From Ancient Greek φῦκος (phûkos, “seaweed”).

The first cell division in zygotes of the fucoid brown alga Pelvetia compressa is asymmetric […]

2001, S. Bisgrove, D. Kropf, “Asymmetric cell division in fucoid algae”, in Journal of Cell Science, No. 114, 4319-4328:

Resembling or relating to seaweeds of the genus Fucus.


basidiolichen

(lichenology) Any lichen in which the fungus is a member of the Basidiomycota


ectocarpoid

(biology) Any brown alga of the order Ectocarpales


laverbread

/ˈlɑːvə(ɹ)ˌbɹɛd/

Porphyra umbilicalis, a red alga, one kind of laver.


sea vegetable

en-noun

sea vegetable (countable and uncountable, plural sea vegetables)

(a sea vegetable Laminaria)

1979, William Shurtleff, Akiko Aoyagi, The Book of Tempeh: A Super Soyfood from Indonesia:


desmid

From Ancient Greek δεσμός (desmós, “ligature, ligament, bond”).

uder

Desmids, which are exclusively freshwater algae, are so named because the first of these green microorganisms to be described were thought to be pairs of cells joined together, and the Greek word 'desmos' means a bond or chain.

1981, Alan J. Brook, The Biology of Desmids, University of California Press, Botanical Monographs 16, page 1

Any of about 5000 species of mostly unicellular freshwater green algae belonging to the order Desmidiales.


badderlocks

Perhaps Baldr's locks, after the Norse god.

(Scotland) The edible seaweed Alaria esculenta


oarweed

The Soile for the moſt part is lifted vp into many hilles, parted aſunder vvith narrovv and ſhort vallies, and a ſhallovv earth doth couer their out-ſide, vvhich by a Sea-vveede called Orevvood, and a certaine kinde of fruitfull Sea-ſand, they make ſo ranke and batten, as is vncredible.

1627, John Speed, “Cornwall”, in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland Described and Abridged. […], London: […] Georg Humble […], →OCLC, signature [D6], verso, paragraph 3:

Laminaria digitata
Laminaria digitata#Translingual

A brown alga, Laminaria digitata, found on exposed shores.


bladderwrack

en-noun

bladderwrack (usually uncountable, plural bladderwracks)

Someone stood on a string of bladderwrack and made it pop, and some distance away the tide was turning.

2016, Sarah Perry, The Essex Serpent, Serpentʼs Tail (2017), page 87:

Fucus vesiculosus
Fucus vesiculosus#Translingual

Fucus vesiculosus, a seaweed in which iodine was first discovered.


silicoflagellate

Any of many unicellular heterokont marine algae, of the order Dictyochales, that have a silica skeleton


chlorella

chlorella (plural chlorellae or chlorellas)

A use as a common noun of the genus name Chlorella.

Many people use chlorella for a nutrient factor isolated in the 1950s and not available in other green foods: "Chlorella Growth Factor" (CGF). CGF is related to the special nature of chlorella's nucleic acid. The nucleic acid in the human body ...

2002, Paul Pitchford, Healing with Whole Foods: Asian Traditions and Modern Nutrition, North Atlantic Books, →ISBN, page 233:

Any single-celled green alga, of the genus Chlorella, found especially in stagnant water; now produced commercially as a food supplement.


sargassum

Any of many brown algae of the genus Sargassum; gulfweed


dillisk

(chiefly Ireland) Alternative form of dulse


usnea

The plantlike result of a symbiotic association between algae and fungi, usnea lichen is an important and versatile natural medicine that demands a place in these pages.

1997, Gregory L. Tilford, Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West, page 148:

In Latin the various species of usnea are called Usnea barbata, U. longissima, U. hirta, U. florida, U. ceratina, and U. dasypoga. Because of its appearance the common name for usnea is Old Man's Beard. The Dakota called usnea Chan wiziye.

2006, Stephen Harrod Buhner, Sacred Plant Medicine: The Wisdom in Native American Herbalism, page 133:

Another powerful herb with antibiotic, antiviral, and antibacterial properties, usnea is used internally or externally against bacterial, fungal, or viral infections. Usnea is often combined with spilanthes or echinacea.

2008, Matthew Stein, When Technology Fails: A Manual for Self-Reliance, Sustainability, and Surviving the Long Emergency, Revised edition, page 256:


oakmoss

oakmoss (countable and uncountable, plural oakmosses)

He shellacked them with smoky labdanum, oakmoss and incense black as pitch.

2007 October 7, Chandler Burr, “Wood Wins”, in New York Times:

Evernia prunastri, a lichen found primarily on oak trees and used in perfume.


laminaria

The stands of sea tangles and long-stalked laminarias are, in their way, an Atlantic counterpart of the great submarine jungles of the Pacific, where the kelps rise like giant forest trees, 150 feet from the floor of the sea to the surface.

1955, Rachel Carson, The Edge of the Sea:

Any of the genus Laminaria of brown algae.


zoochlorella

(zoology) One of the small green granulelike bodies found in the interior of certain stentors, hydras, and other invertebrates.


cyclocrinitid

A member of an extinct tribe of dasyclads.


dasyclad

(zoology) Any of the order Dasycladales of green algae.


receptaculitid

(zoology) A probably benthic marine calcareous dasyclad known only from fossils.


volvox

From translingual Volvox, from Latin volvō (“to roll”).

(microbiology) Any of the genus Volvox of chlorophytes.


sargasso

sargasso (countable and uncountable, plural sargassos or sargassoes)

From Portuguese sargaço (“(originally) the Lisbon false sun-rose or woolly rock rose (Halimium lasianthum); (now) gulfweed, sargasso”), ultimately from Latin salicastrum (“kind of wild vine found in willow-thickets”), from salix (“plant of the genus Salix; willow”) + -astrum (suffix forming nouns expressing incomplete resemblance). Salix is derived from Proto-Indo-European *sl̥H-ik- (“willow”). The English word is cognate with French sargasse, Spanish sargazo.
The capitalized form of sense 2 (“a confused, tangled mass or situation”), Sargasso, is probably a reference to the Sargasso Sea.

der

SARGASSO, the Sea-Lentile.

[1721, N[athan] Bailey, “SARGASSO”, in An Universal Etymological English Dictionary: […], London: […] E. Bell, J. Darby, […], →OCLC, column 2:

Thus the productions of Jamaica, and other places bordering on the gulph of Mexico, may be firſt brought by the ſtream out of the gulph, inveloped in the ſargaſſo or alga of the gulph round Cape Florida, and hurried by the current either along the American ſhore, or ſent into the ocean in the courſe along the ſtream, and then by the ſet of the ſtream; and the prevailing winds, which generally blow two-thirds of the year, wafted to the ſhores of Europe, where they are found.

1785 April, “Arctic Zoology. 2 Vols. […] [book review]”, in The Critical Review: Or, Annals of Literature, volume LIX, London: Printed for A. Hamilton, […], →OCLC, page 248:

A number of cryptogamic plants swim about at random in the waters, among which the most interesting, perhaps, in our present state of knowledge, is the sargasso, or gulf-weed of voyagers (Fucus natans), which is found in the Gulph of Florida, and some other parts of the ocean floating in masses or fields, many miles in length.

1826, James L[awson] Drummond, “Of the Root (Radix)”, in First Steps to Botany, Intended as Popular Illustrations of the Science, Leading to Its Study as a Branch of General Education, 2nd edition, London: Printed for Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, […], →OCLC, page 31:

It is well known to seamen, and others who have crossed the Atlantic ocean, that a certain part of that sea is generally covered more or less with a particular species of weed, called gulf-weed, but the reason of its accumulating there, and its origin, have given rise to much difference of opinion. [...] [T]he part of the ocean in which it is found is usually called the Sargasso sea. The Sargasso weed is also familiarly called tropical grapes, from being found in the vicinity of the northern tropic, but it is most generally known by the name of Sargasso or gulf-weed.

1832 June, “[Maritime Papers, Reviews of Voyages, &c.] I.—Sargasso Weed.”, in The Nautical Magazine: A Journal of Papers on Subjects Connected with Maritime Affairs in General, volume I, number 4, London: Brown, Son and Ferguson, →OCLC, page 175:

There is no warm current, or if one, a very feeble one, flowing out of the South Atlantic. Most of the drift matter borne upon the ice-bearing current into that sea finds its way to the equator, and then into the veins which give volume to the Gulf Stream, and supply the sargasso of the North Atlantic with extra quantities of drift. The sargassos of the South Atlantic are therefore small.

1864, M[atthew] F[ontaine] Maury, “The Gulf Stream”, in The Physical Geography of the Sea, and Its Meteorology, 11th revised edition, London: Sampson Low, Son & Marston, […], →OCLC, § 140, page 50:

The fauna of the modern floating sargasso-meadows is composed of highly specialized and unique species of pelagic animals. [...] The community of organisms which is found in these sargasso-flotillas is described in the report on the Challenger Expedition by C[harles] Wyville Thomson.

1934 November, Rudolf Ruedemann, “Faunas of Littoral Seaweeds and of Sargasso-seas”, in Paleozoic Plankton of North America (Geological Society of America Memoir; 2), [Washington, D.C.]: Published by the Society, →OCLC, part I, page 18:

This is the answer to the choice of the man who does not choose: now he does indeed have the sea, he plunges into it headlong, swaying among the corals of the depths, Hanged by his feet in the sargassoes that hover half-submerged beneath the ocean's opaque surface, and his green seaweed hair brushes the steep ocean beds.

1977, Italo Calvino, “The Waverer’s Tale”, in William Weaver, transl., The Castle of Crossed Destinies: Translated from the Italian, London: Secker & Warburg, →ISBN, part 2 (The Tavern of Crossed Destinies); republished London: Vintage Books, 1997, →ISBN, page 62:

For the next five to ten years, they [turtles] will stay in the Sargasso Sea, feeding off the small sea animals that live in the floating mats of sargasso grass.

1998 February, E[laine] L[obl] Konigsburg, The View from Saturday (A Jean Karl Book), 1st Aladdin Paperbacks edition, New York, N.Y.: Aladdin Paperbacks, →ISBN, page 55:

A brown alga, of the genus Sargassum, that forms large, floating masses.


evernic

Of or pertaining to the lichen genus Evernia, the oakmoss lichens or ring lichens.


sea trumpet

en-noun

sea trumpet (countable and uncountable, plural sea trumpets)

Any large marine univalve shell of the genus Triton.


fucivorous

en-adj

fucivorous (comparative more fucivorous, superlative most fucivorous)

more fucivorous (comparative)
most fucivorous (superlative)

From Ancient Greek φῦκος (phûkos, “seaweed”), + -vorous.

a common species of fucivorous sea turtle


fucivore

From Ancient Greek φῦκος (phûkos, “seaweed”), + -vore.

Some species of turtles are fucivores.

An organism which feeds primarily on seaweed.


fucusol

(organic chemistry) An oily liquid, resembling and possibly identical with furfurol, obtained from fucus and other seaweeds.


sea lettuce

Any of several edible seaweeds of the genus Ulva.

Similar seaweed species of other genera:

Monostroma spp., also known as the slender sea lettuce, a kind of algae.

Scaevola taccada, also known as the beach cabbage, a terrestrial flowering plant species that is native to coastal regions of the Indo-Pacific.

Dudleya caespitosa, also known as the sand lettuce, a terrestrial flowering plant species that is endemic to coastal areas of California


archil

en-noun

archil (countable and uncountable, plural archils)


phycophaeine

From Ancient Greek φῦκος (phûkos, “seaweed”) + φαεινός (phaeinós, “bright”) + -ine.

(dated) A brown pigment found in certain algae.


Iceland moss

A lichen, Cetraria islandica, that resembles a moss.


rockweed

rockweed (countable and uncountable, plural rockweeds)

Ascophyllum nodosum, a seaweed also known as knotted wrack.


moorball

(rare, archaic) A freshwater alga (Aegagropila linnaei) which forms a ball-shaped mass.


persis

A kind of colouring matter obtained from lichens.


pipeweed

putki

any of a number of plants having thin and straight stems resembling pipes

Native American
Native American#Adjective

Any of a number of plants having thin and straight stems resembling pipes, often hollow or lacking branches.

(specifically, US) The desert trumpet (Eriogonum inflatum) which has a straight stem with a swollen portion; formerly some Native American tribes in the Las Vegas Valley area turned such stems into pipes for smoking by removing the stem at the base and cutting the swollen portion in half to serve as a bowl.


trichogyne

French, from Ancient Greek θρίξ (thríx, “hair”) + γυνή (gunḗ, “female”)

Ascodesmis is a third type which might be derived either directly or through the erysiphaceous type from an endomycetous ancestor; the antheridium and oogonium are but little differentiated, but the latter is furnished with a trichogyne and becomes septate after fertilization; the ascogenous hyphae are few and the sheath simple.

2010, Helen Gwynne-Vaughan, Fungi: Ascomycetes, Ustilaginales, Uredinales, page 54:

(botany, mycology) The slender, hair-like cell which receives the fertilizing particles, or antherozoids, in red seaweeds and fungi.


rock tripe

rock tripe (countable and uncountable, plural rock tripes)

An edible lichen of the genus Umbilicaria that grows on rocks.


trumpetweed

Any of the joe-pye weeds, herbaceous composite plants of genus Eutrochium, often having hollow stems, bearing purplish flowers in small corymbed heads, native to eastern North America.


seabeard

Cladophora rupestris
Cladophora rupestris#Translingual

A green seaweed (Cladophora rupestris) growing in dense tufts.


algous

From Latin algosus, from alga (“seaweed”).

Of or relating to the algae, or seaweeds; algal.


sea thong

sea thong (countable and uncountable, plural sea thongs)

Himanthalia elongata
Himanthalia elongata#Translingual

A kind of blackish seaweed (Himanthalia elongata) found on the northern coasts of the Atlantic, with a thong-like forking process rising from a top-shaped base.


orchilla weed

orchilla weed (countable and uncountable, plural orchilla weeds)

(obsolete) Any lichen from which orchil is obtained.


pepper dulse

pepper dulse (usually uncountable, plural pepper dulses)

(Scotland) A pungent edible seaweed, Osmundea pinnatifida.


conferva

conferva (plural confervas or confervae or (obsolete) confervæ)

confervas (plural)
confervae (plural)
confervæ (obsolete plural)

Borrowed from Latin cōnferva. See comfrey.

(obsolete) Any of a number of unbranched slender green freshwater alga, formerly in the genus Conferva, now mostly in Cladophora or Tribonema


phycotoxin

Any of many toxins produced by various forms of alga and seaweed


sea girdles

A kind of kelp (Laminaria digitata) with palmately cleft fronds.


gulfweed

gulfweed (usually uncountable, plural gulfweeds)

sargassum; algae of the genus Sargassum.


sea-laces

A kind of seaweed (Chorda filum) with long blackish cord-like fronds.


suessiacean

Any dinoflagellate of the family Suessiaceae.


sea colander

A large blackish seaweed (Agarum turneri) with perforated fronds.


agarophyte

A seaweed, typically a red alga, that produces agar in its cell walls.


cudbear

cudbear (countable and uncountable, plural cudbears)

Corrupted from the name of Dr. Cuthbert Gordon, a Scotsman, who patented the process of manufacture.

ORCHELLA WEEDS. The cylindrical and flat species of Roccella used in the manufacture of Orchil or Archil, and Cudbear, are so called by the makers.

1878, Andrew Ure, Robert Hunt, Frederick William Rudler, Ure̓'s Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines: Containing a Clear Exposition of Their Principles and Practice, volume 3:

A violet-red powder, difficult to moisten with water, prepared from certain lichens, especially Ochrolechia tartarea (syn. Lecanora tartarea), and used for making violet or purple dye.

A rim lichen, crabseye lichen (Ochrolechia tartarea, syn. Lecanora tartarea), from which the powder is obtained.


phycoxanthin

(dated) A yellowish colouring matter found in certain algae.


prymnesin

prymnesin (countable and uncountable, plural prymnesins)

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of phycotoxins made by the alga Prymnesium parvum, also toxic to fish.


crottles

(Scotland) Various lichens gathered for dyeing.


protothecosis

infection by the parasitic green alga of the genus Prototheca.


murlins

A kind of seaweed; badderlocks (Alaria esculenta)


crow-silk

crow-silk (countable and uncountable, plural crow-silks)

A filamentous freshwater alga (Cladophora rivularis).


star jelly

A gelatinous substance that, according to folklore, is deposited on the earth during meteor showers.


nostoc

nostoc (countable and uncountable, plural nostocs)

Any member of the genus Nostoc of cyanobacteria, found in a variety of environmental niches, that form colonies composed of filaments of moniliform cells in a gelatinous sheath.


wila

wila (countable and uncountable, plural wilas)

From Shuswap wíle (“black tree lichen”).

Bryoria fremontii
Bryoria fremontii#Translingual

Bryoria fremontii, a dark-brown, hair-like lichen eaten by First Peoples in North America.

Byoria fremontii

edible horsehair, tree-hair lichen, black tree-lichen, black tree moss, Fremont's horsehair lichen; Alectoria jubata (archaic classification)


thalassiosiroid

Any diatom of the family Thallassiosiraceae, or more specifically, of the genus Thalassiosira


old man's beard

old man's beard (countable and uncountable, plural old man's beards or old men's beards)

old man's beards (plural)
old men's beards (plural)

Clematis aristata, an Australian climbing plant.

Clematis vitalba
Clematis vitalba#Translingual

Tillandsia usneoides
Tillandsia usneoides#Translingual

(uncountable) Tillandsia usneoides, a bromeliad; Spanish moss.


jelly plant

The Jelly plant of Western Australia is used for invalids , as it makes an excellent stock for jelly

1879, Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical Association, Proceedings of the Pennsylvania Pharmaceutical Association:

An edible seaweed (Eucheuma speciosum) from which jelly is made.


watermelon snow

Chlamydomonas nivalis
Chlamydomonas nivalis#Translingual

Chlamydomonas nivalis, a species of green algae containing the red pigment astaxanthin, secondary to green chlorophyll, sometimes encountered as reddish streaks in snow.


karengo

(New Zealand) Pyropia columbina, an edible seaweed.


map lichen

Rhizocarpon geographicum, a lichen that grows in patches on rocks in mountainous areas, giving the appearance of a map.


sea otter's cabbage

Nereocystis luetkeana
Nereocystis luetkeana#Translingual

Nereocystis luetkeana, a kind of very large bed-forming kelp of the north Pacific in which the sea otter makes its home.


witches' butter

witches' butter (usually uncountable, plural witches' butters)

Certain species of Nostoc of blue-green algae, especially Nostoc commune, that form a brownish gelatinous mass when wet.


ogo

From Japanese オゴ (ogo); an abbreviation of オゴノリ (ogonori).


globe animalcule

globe animalcule (plural globe animalcules)

(dated) A green alga of species Volvox globator, once thought to be an animal, .


black moss

black moss (usually uncountable, plural black mosses)

(US) Bryoria fremontii (wila), a lichen eaten by First Peoples in North America.


prochlorophyte

/pɹəʊˈklɒɹəfʌɪt/

/pɹəʊˈklɔːɹəfʌɪt/

From pro- (“earlier, prior”) + chlorophyte, from chloro- (“green”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biology) a bright green cyanobacterium of the class Prochlorophyta, distinguished by the presence of both chlorophyll a and b and the lack of phycobilins (and so resembling the chloroplasts of higher plants)


thalassiophyte

From translingual Thalassiophyta. Surface reading: thalasso- (“sea”) + -phyte (“plant”).

(biology, obsolete) any plant belonging to one of the obsolete taxonomic groups known as Thalassiophyta, which were believed to comprise various parts of the marine algae or seaweeds, depending on the classification system.


synurophyte

From syn- (“with”) + uro- (“tail”) + -phyte (“plant”). See synurid.

affix

(biology) A member of the synurids, a small group of heterokont algae.


udoteacean

suf

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Udoteaceae</i>

(zoology) Any member of the algal family Udoteaceae.


knotted wrack

Ascophyllum nodosum
Ascophyllum nodosum#Translingual

A species of brown algae, Ascophyllum nodosum; a common seaweed of the northern Atlantic Ocean.


dead man's fingers

Any of several plants or other organisms with fleshy finger-like structures:


slender sea lettuce

en-noun

slender sea lettuce (plural slender sea lettuces)

Any of the algae of the genus Monostroma


green caviar

Start with the umi-budo—an interesting variety of sea kelp shaped like bunches of grapes (the bubble-like appearance has also won it its “green caviar” nickname).

2013, Fodor's Hong Kong: with a Side Trip to Macau:

The edible seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera.


plagiogrammacean

This is the first attempt to examine all the known genera of the Plagiogrammaceae from a morphological and molecular standpoint, which will be valuable for future surveys of small, marine araphid diatoms (e.g., Opephora, Pseudostaurosira, Nanofrustulum) because there will finally be a phylogenetically based morphological and molecular circumscription of plagiogrammacean taxa.

2015 October 15, “New Insights into Plagiogrammaceae (Bacillariophyta) Based on Multigene Phylogenies and Morphological Characteristics with the Description of a New Genus and Three New Species”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

Any diatom of the family Plagiogrammaceae


bladder wrack

bladder wrack (countable and uncountable, plural bladder wracks)

Fucus vesiculosus, seaweed widespread in the cool waters of the Atlantic and Pacific.

Nereocystis luetkeana, kelp common on the northeastern Pacific coast.


cymbelloid

Belonging to the order Cymbellales of diatoms.


monoraphid

Any pennate diatom that has a raphe on only one valve


snow alga

Chlamydomonas nivalis, the alga responsible for watermelon snow.


chlorodendrophycean

Here we describe for the first time the chloroplast genomes of chlorodendrophycean algae (Scherffelia dubia, 137,161 bp; Tetraselmis sp.

2016 February 6, “Distinctive Architecture of the Chloroplast Genome in the Chlorodendrophycean Green Algae Scherffelia dubia and Tetraselmis sp. CCMP 881”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

Relating to the class Chlorodendrophyceae.


pedinophycean

Remarkably, seven of the atypical IR-encoded genes have also been observed in the IRs of pedinophycean and trebouxiophycean chloroplast genomes, suggesting that they were already present in the IR of the common ancestor of all core chlorophytes.

Any green alga of the class Pedinophyceae.


trebouxiophycean

Any green alga of the class Trebouxiophyceae.


ulvophycean

In future chloroplast phylogenomic studies, broader sampling of chlorophytes, in particular of ulvophycean lineages, as well as the use of improved models of sequence evolution might allow the construction of more robust and reliable trees.


prasinophycean

Like other chlorophyte genomes with a low proportion of non-coding sequences, notably their prasinophycean and pedinophycean homologs [15, 18, 20 ], both chlorodendrophycean cpDNAs are very poor in small repeats (Table 1 ).

Any green alga of the class Prasinophyceae.


ice alga

Algae adapted to grow on ice, different species growing on freshwater and saltwater ice.


wolf lichen

Letharia vulpina, a bright yellow-green, shrubby, fruticose lichenized species of fungus in the family Parmeliaceae.


pin lichen

A crustose lichen with small upward-pointing fruiting bodies supposed to resemble dressmakers' pins. They include members of the genera Calicium and Chaenotheca.


mekabu

Borrowed from Japanese メカブ (“thick wakame leaves”).

We previously reported that water extract of Mekabu, a kind of seaweed, induced apoptosis in a human breast cancer cell line.

2005, Sekiya M, Funahashi H, Tsukamura K, Imai T, Hayakawa A, Kiuchi T, Nakao A, “Intracellular signaling in the induction of apoptosis in a human breast cancer cell line by water extract of Mekabu”, in International Journal of Clinical Oncology, page 122:

Undaria pinnatifida, a sea plant native to Japan and Korea and invasive elsewhere; wakame; Asian kelp.

Mekabu is the flowering sprout of wakame. It has a strong, sweet, and creamy taste and is traditionally brewed into a tea or cooked in small amounts with other foods.

1985, Michio and Aveline Kushi, Macrobiotic Diet, page 157:

Forget crispy fried nori or pliant hijiki: mekabu comes in a coating of—there's no other word for it—goo. As one chews, it starts to expand, until suffocation starts to seem like a real possibility.

2006, Leo Carey, “Yakitori Totto; Tables for two”, in The New Yorker, page 14:

Stems or thick leaves from near the stem of the plant, eaten as a vegetable.


phaeophycean

Any member of the Phaeophyceae; a brown alga.


phycocolloid

Any of several algal-derived colloids, including alginates, carrageenans, and agars.


blue-green bacterium

blue-green bacterium (plural blue-green bacteria)


chlorophycean

Any green alga of the class Chlorophyceae


gummy weed

From the fact that its tubular fronds are full of sticky gum.

Splachnidium rugosum - a little brown seaweed found on intertidal rocks all around the coast of New Zealand, Australia, and subantarctic islands.


rhodolith

A benthic marine red alga that resembles coral


charophycean

Any green alga of the class Charophyceae


bacillariophycean

Any diatom of the class Bacillariophyceae


pelagophycean

Any marine alga of the class Pelagophyceae


biliphyte

An additional photosynthetic lineage that was not formally included in Hacrobia, but has been shown to be related to the cryptophyte/haptophyte clade (Not et al., 2007), is the biliphytes.

2010, Aharon Oren, Molecular Phylogeny of Microorganisms, page 190:


helicosporidian

Any green alga of the genus Helicosporidium


cyanolichen

cyanolichen (countable and uncountable, plural cyanolichens)

A form of lichen in which the alga is a species of blue-green alga


volvocalean

Any green alga of the former order Volvocales (syn. Chlamydomonadales)


bryopsidalean

Any green alga of the order Bryopsidales.


florideophyte

Any red alga of the class Florideophyceae


trentepohliacean

Any member of the family Trentepohliaceae of green algae.


nostocalean

Any cyanobacterium of the order Nostocales


viridiplant

Any green alga or green plant of the clade Viridiplantae


carrageenophyte

/ˌkɛɹəˈɡinəfaɪt/

/ˌkæɹəˈɡiːnə(ʊ)faɪt/


callithamnioid

From translingual Callithamni(aceae) + -oid.

suf

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Callithamni(aceae)</i>

Any red alga of the family Callithamniaceae


chrysophycean

Any golden alga of the class Chrysophyceae


oscillatorian

Any filamentous cyanobacterium of the genus Oscillatoria.


dasycladacean

Any green alga of the family Dasycladaceae.


chlamydomonad

Any green alga of the order Chlamydomonadales


kelp forest

This shark is going where many thought no sharks would go: on a daytime swim through a kelp forest to chase seals she wants to eat.

2019 April 5, JoAnna Klein, “Watch a Great White Shark Hunt Through a Kelp Forest for Its Next Meal”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


zygnematophycean

Any green alga of the class Zygnematophyceae


dasycladalean

Any green alga of the order Dasycladales


rhaphoneidacean

Any diatom of the family Rhaphoneidaceae


volvocacean

Any biflagellate of the family Volvocaceae


bangiophycean

Any red alga of the class Bangiophyceae.


sea whistle

A kind of seaweed whose bladders may be used by children as whistles.


dead man's rope

Synonym of sea-laces (“the seaweed Chorda filum”)


chlorococcalean

Any green alga of the order Chlorococcales.


chaetocerotacean

Any diatom of the family Chaetocerotaceae


lake ball

A spherical growth of the green alga Aegagropila linnaei.


sea ball

From sea + ball, from the round shape of the seaweed, and since it was formed in the sea.

A clump of seaweed produced by the action of the waves


asterionellopsid

Any diatom of the genus Asterionellopsis


FHAB

Initialism of freshwater harmful algal bloom.


amanori

Porphyra seaweed used as food in Japan; laver.


sailor's eyeball

en-noun

sailor's eyeball (plural sailor's eyeballs)

Valonia ventricosa
Valonia ventricosa#Translingual

An alga, Valonia ventricosa, with the form of eyeball-sized spheres.


golden kelp

Laminaria ochroleuca, a species of brown algae.


melaspileacean

suf

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Melaspileaceae</i>

Any species of lichen fungus in the family Melaspileaceae.


anabaena

Any cyanobacterium of the genus Anabaena.


blister lichen

From blister + lichen, from their appearance.

(lichenology) Any lichen in the genus Toninia.


giant kelp

Macrocystis pyrifera, a widespread kelp.


treemoss

en-noun

treemoss (countable and uncountable, plural treemosses)

There are but few plants, also , (such as perhaps, the Yew, Savine, and most treemosses, ) which do not serve for the abode and support of known Insects.

1825, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, Richard Thomas Gore, A Manual of the Elements of Natural History, page 175:

The principal constituents of treemoss are lichen acids, some of which are atranorin, furfuracinic acid and chloroatranorin (Guenther, 1952).

2013, D. L. J. Opdyke, Monographs on Fragrance Raw Materials, page 711:

Treemoss products are generally used to “cut” true oakmoss in order to reduce the cost.

2017, Steffen Arctander, Perfume and Flavor Materials of Natural Origin, page 451:

Of chemicals relevant for sensitization, a typical industrial treemoss absolute oil (which is also an extract) may contain approximately 0.36% atranol, 0.22% chloratranol and 5-6% dehydroabietic acid and other resin acids (including the allergenic 7-oxodehydroabietic acid), but undetectable levels of atranorin and chloroatranorin, as these are easily degraded into atranol and chloroatranol (20).

2021, Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, page 268:

Unprocessed mosses and lichens found growing on trees, often used commercially in fragrances.


sea lace

Certan algae, of species Chorda filum, bootlace weed.


rockhair

A hairlike lichen, Bryoria fremontii, native to North America and Eurasia, used in dyeing.