impatiens

From translingual Impatiens, from Latin impatiēns.

A pot of impatiens blooms by the back door; mulch is visible around the bushes by the modest, well-kept house.

2008 January 14, Susan Stewart, “Cartoon Creatures Leave Home and Find ... Home”, in New York Times, archived from the original on 2012-06-17:

Any of various ornamental plants of the genus Impatiens.


huanghuali

His proudest offering is a matched pair of 17th-century huanghuali tapered cabinets formerly in the Museum of Classical Chinese Furniture in Renaissance, Calif.

2008 March 14, Wendy Moonan, “Rare Works by Eminent Britons”, in New York Times:

Dalbergia odorifera
Dalbergia odorifera#Translingual

The Chinese tree Dalbergia odorifera, or the wood of this tree, which is often used in Chinese woodworking.


ponderosa

From the specific epithet, New Latin ponderōsa (“heavy”), in reference to the wood.

A very large species of pine tree native to western North America, Pinus ponderosa.


prairie clover

en-noun

prairie clover (countable and uncountable, plural prairie clovers)


black locust

Robinia pseudoacacia
Robinia pseudoacacia#Translingual

A tree, Robinia pseudoacacia, in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae, native to the southeastern United States, but widely planted and naturalized elsewhere in temperate North America, Europe and Asia; considered an invasive species in some areas.


pennywort

pennywort (countable and uncountable, plural pennyworts)

From Middle English penywort; equivalent to penny + wort.

Umbilicus rupestris
Umbilicus rupestris#Translingual

Any of several not closely related plants around the world, generally with round leaves of about the shape and size of a penny.

(in Europe) A succulent, perennial flowering plant (Umbilicus rupestris; penny-pies, wall pennywort, kidney wort, navelwort) in the stonecrop family (Crassulaceae).

Centella asiatica
Centella asiatica#Translingual

(in Asia) The edible Asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica)

Aquatic or semi-aquatic plants in the genus Hydrocotyle (water pennywort, Indian pennywort, marsh penny, thick-leaved pennywort, and white rot).

such as the edible dollarweed (Hydrocotyle umbellata)


mamey

Borrowed from Spanish mamey, from Taíno.

A flowering plant of species Magnolia guatemalensis


Leyland cypress

Leyland cypress (plural Leyland cypresses)

A fast-growing evergreen tree (Cupressus × leylandii) used for hedges and screens that is a hybrid of the Monterey cypress, Cupressus macrocarpa, and the Alaskan cypress, Cupressus nootkatensis.


goober

Conscripts by the dozen...
Come pouring in the Castle...
Some from Mississippi state and “Goobers” from Tar river.

1863, anonymous author, “Castle Thunder”, in Louis Napoléon Boudrye, editor, Historic Records of the Fifth New York Cavalry..., Appendix, page 339:

The peanuts or earth-nuts known in North Carolina and the adjoining States as Goober peas, so that during the late Civil War a conscript from the so-called ‘piney woods’ of that State was apt to be nick-named a Goober.

1871, Maximilian Schele de Vere, Americanisms, page 57:

(chiefly Southern US, dated slang) A Georgian or North Carolinian, particularly one from the pine forests of the Sandhills region.


neroli

neroli (countable and uncountable, plural nerolis)

Borrowed from French néroli (“neroli”), from Nerola, a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome, Lazio, Italy. Marie Anne de La Trémoille, princesse des Ursins (1642–1722), Princess of Nerola but originally from France, is thought to have made neroli popular as a fragrance in her country of birth around 1670. The word is cognate with Italian nerola (obsolete), neroli.

NEROLY, a ſort of Perfume.

[1724, N[athan] Bailey, “NEROLY”, in An Universal Etymological English Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, London: […] E. Bell, J. Darby, […], →OCLC, column 2:

[page 26] Along with that double orange flower water, the neroly or quinteſſence of orange flowers will come alſo; but as this quinteſſence is the oily part it will ſwim at top; that neroly is firſt of a green colour, but after a few days it turns of a reddiſh one. [...] [page 27] [T]he neroly is ſtill infinitely ſuperior to that double water itſelf, and can admit of no compariſon at all; for half a gill of neroly does more than a quart and more of double water; [...]

1770, [Mr. Borella], “On Distilling in General. [To Make the Neroly and Orange Flower Water Double.]”, in The Court and Country Confectioner: Or, The House-keeper’s Guide; […], London: Printed for G. Riley, and A. Cooke, […]; J. Bell, […]; J. Wheble, […]; York, Yorkshire: C. Etherington, →OCLC, pages 26 and 27:

Bouquet is the white curd soap perfumed with bergamot, oils of cloves, sassafras, thyme, and neroli, and coloured with brown ochre.

1840 March, “Soap”, in The Magazine of Domestic Economy, volume V, number LVII, London: Published by W[illiam] S[omerville] Orr & Co., […]; Edinburgh: Fraser & Crawford, →OCLC, page 264:

[page 78] Now, when orange-flowers are distilled with water, we procure the otto of the blossom, which is known commercially as oil of neroli. The neroli procured from the flowers of the Citrus aurantium is considered to be of the finest quality, and is called "neroli petale." [...] [page 79] The water used for distillation in procuring the neroli, when well freed from the oil, is imported into this country under the name of eau de fleur d'orange, and may be used, like elder-flower and rose-water, for the skin, and as an eye lotion.

1857, G[eorge] W[illiam] Septimus Piesse, “Section III”, in The Art of Perfumery, and Method of Obtaining the Odors of Plants, […], Philadelphia, Pa.: Lindsay and Blackiston, →OCLC, pages 78 and 79:

[P]our in a small portion of the tincture of orange flowers, or the least drop of the essence of neroly, and pass the mixture again through a cloth; [...]

1862, Jerry Thomas, Christian Schultz, “424. Orgeat (or Almond) Syrup.”, in How to Mix Drinks, or The Bon-vivant’s Companion, […], New York, N.Y.: Dick & Fitzgerald, publishers, […], →OCLC, page 223:

The ‘Nérolis’ are largely used for ‘Hungary Water’ and ‘Eau de Cologne,’ and ‘Petit Grain’ for scenting soap.

1888, E[manuel] Bonavia, quoting George William Septimus Piesse, “The Uses and Commercial Products of the Citrus”, in The Cultivated Oranges and Lemons etc. of India and Ceylon: […], London: W[illiam] H[oughton] Allen & Co., […], →OCLC, page 143:

Many of the finest neroli oil imitations are nothing more nor less than terpeneless petitgrain oil to which has been added in some cases neroli and aldehyde C₁₀: [...] Even when preparing less costly synthetic nerolis, French petitgrain is almost invariably employed, and in the cheapest of all products Paraguay petitgrain.

1993, W[illiam] A[rthur] Poucher, “Flower Perfumes: Orange Blossom”, in Perfumes, Cosmetics and Soaps, 9th edition, volumes II (The Production, Manufacture and Application of Perfumes), London: Blackie Academic & Professional, Chapman & Hall, published 1997, →ISBN, page 156:

I remember one woman telling me that her mother chose to have neroli diffused in her room during her last weeks here on earth and the daughter was so grateful there was something that so easily evoked the memory of her mother. She could pick up her bottle of neroli whenever she was feeling sad, sniff deeply, and the memory of her mother would all come flooding back – not her dying, but her living, happy days.

1996, Valerie Ann Worwood, “The Healing Professions and Essential Oils”, in The Fragrant Mind: Aromatherapy for Personality, Mind, Mood, and Emotion, Novato, Calif.: New World Library, →ISBN, pages 213–214:

[page 97, column 2] Pale-yellow neroli oil emits a sweet, full-bodied citrus aroma with a slightly spicy, slightly bitter undertone. [...] One ton of handpicked blossoms from Citrus aurantium, Citrus bigaradia, or Citrus vulgaris yields only one quart of neroli oil, or orange blossom oil. This makes neroli oil comparatively expensive. [...] [page 98, column 2] The original eau de cologne, formulated in the eighteenth century, contained neroli, along with bergamot, lavender, lemon, and rosemary.

2002, Roberta Wilson, “Neroli”, in Aromatherapy: Essential Oils for Vibrant Health and Beauty, 2nd revised and expanded edition, New York, N.Y.: Avery, →ISBN, part 2 (An Introduction to Forty-four Essential Oils), pages 97 and 98:

Citrus × aurantium subsp. amara
Citrus × aurantium

More fully neroli oil or oil of neroli: an essential oil distilled from the blossoms of the bitter orange or Seville orange (Citrus × aurantium subsp. amara) used to make perfumes.

oli de flor de taronger

essential oil obtained from the blossom of the bitter orange


coolibah

/ˈkuːlɪˌbɑː/

Oh there once was a swagman camped in the billabong,
 Under the shade of a coolibah tree,
 And he sang as he looked at the old billy boiling,
 'Who'll come a'waltzing Matilda, with me.'

1895, “Waltzing Matilda”, Banjo Paterson (lyrics):

Any of a number of eucalyptus trees of central and northern Australia, in particular Eucalyptus microtheca.


mangeao

Litsea calicaris, a species of evergreen tree endemic to New Zealand.


astilbe

Any species, subspecies, cultivar, or specimen of the genus Astilbe.


gilia

(botany) Any of the genus Gilia of polemoniaceous flowering plants.


saltwort

saltwort (countable and uncountable, plural saltworts)

Certain plants of various genera that grow in dry, alkali soils, including the following:

Especially, Batis maritima, turtleweed, a plant distributed in the southwestern United States, Caribbean, and South America in coastal saltmarshes.


gesneriad

(botany) Any of the family Gesneriaceae of tropical and subtropical flowering plants, valued as ornamentals.


manoao

Any of the conifers in the genus Manoao, endemic to New Zealand.


yopo

A perennial South American tree, Anadenanthera peregrina, that has a number of traditional uses.


Granny Smith

Named after Australian orchardist Maria Ann "Granny" Smith, who developed the variety.

A very tart, green-skinned apple cultivar originating in Australia.


yardlong bean

Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis#Translingual

A vigorous climbing annual vine (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) grown primarily for its strikingly long (35-75 cm) immature pods with uses very similar to that of a green bean.


SYP

(Hong Kong, informal) Initialism of Sai Ying Pun.


soapberry

From soap + berry: the fleshy part of the fruit was used in washing linen.

Any woody plant of the Sapindaceae family, found chiefly in tropical climates, most commonly the genus Sapindus.


figwort

From Old English fīcwyrt, equivalent to fig + wort.

Any of various woodland herbs and shrubs of the genus Scrophularia.

Ficaria verna
Ficaria verna#Translingual

(archaic) Ficaria verna, formerly Ranunculus ficaria.


mapau

(New Zealand) Any of several trees of New Zealand, especially in the genus Myrsine.


maple leaf

The Canadian was forced to miss the event due to budget issues, however, in his place, a number of drivers are flying the maple leaf

2022 November 10, “RADICAL CUP NORTH AMERICA Star-Studded Field Set for Radical Cup World Finals”, in sportscar365:

Alternative form of Maple Leaf (“the flag of Canada”)


slipperwort

slipperwort (countable and uncountable, plural slipperworts)

Any of various plants of the genus Calceolaria, usually with orange or yellow flowers.


timbo

Among the handsomest trees which I have met is the "Timbo" (Enterolobium timbosa), which grows sometimes to the height of [...]. Half a dozen other species of Enterolobium, all inferior to the Timbo, grow in the Paraguayan forests.

1889, John Merle Coulter, M.S. Coulter, Charles Reid Barnes, Joseph Charles Arthur, Botanical Gazette, page 226:

The host is sometimes called the Timbo, but it is not the true Timbo, which is Enterolobium contortisiliquum.

1894, New York Academy of Sciences, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, section on Plants Collected in Paraguay, page 216

At a short distance from the banks of the river Paraguay commences the forest exhibiting its red and white quebrachos, carob-trees, timbos, etcetera. The soil is very rich and in the clearings there are excellent pastures' ...

1916, Alberto B. Martínez, Baedeker of the Argentine Republic:

(possibly obsolete) The pacara tree, Enterolobium contortisiliquum.


margosa

From Portuguese amargosa, feminine of amargoso.


cork oak

Quercus suber
Quercus suber#Translingual

A type of evergreen oak tree, Quercus suber, native to southwest Europe and northwest Africa.

شُبِر

a type of evergreen oak tree, Quercus suber


coral vine

(Australia) Kennedia coccinea, a species of flowering plant, native to western Australia, with red or scarlet flowers.


American ginseng

American ginseng (usually uncountable, plural American ginsengs)

Panax quinquefolius
Panax quinquefolius#Translingual

Panax quinquefolius, source of an herb used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic.


salal

Borrowed from Chinook Jargon from Chinook.

Down below, a ragged line of wolves ran silently, in single file, following a deer trail through the salal.

2013, Ruth Ozeki, A Tale for the Time Being, Canongate Books (2019), page 186:

A leathery-leaved North American shrub, Gaultheria shallon, with edible sepals and leaves.


whitebark

But the seeds of the whitebark pine, the pine nuts, feed Clark’s nutcracker birds; red squirrels, which store the nuts underground; and grizzly bears.

2007 January 30, Charles Petit, “In the Rockies, Pines Die and Bears Feel It”, in New York Times:

The North American pine Pinus albicaulis, found in mountainous and subalpine regions, often as krummholz.


ashwood

ashwood (countable and uncountable, plural ashwoods)

Easily as a sailor handling a blasphemy, the African reached behind him for the Viking ax (whose name, cut in runes along its ashwood haft, translated roughly as “Defiler of Your Mother”), but three little words preserved the cordial relations between the head and neck of the intruder, a wiry old party armed with a short sword, Persian by the look of him, with a knob of scar tissue where his right eye had been and a curious sneer.

2007 February 4, Michael Chabon, “‘Gentlemen of the Road’”, in New York Times:


bitternut

The bitternut hickory, Carya cordiformis, a common hickory tree native to the eastern United States and southeast Canada.


matagouri

A thorny shrub endemic to New Zealand, taxonomic name Discaria toumatou.


horoeka

Horoekas inch their way skyward like this for as many as 20 years before maturing, flowering profusely, and bearing black berries.

2000 December 12, Fodor's, New Zealand: Where to Stay, Eat, and Explore, Smart Travel Tips from A to Z Plus Maps and Color Photos, Fodor's, →ISBN:

(New Zealand) The lancewood tree, Pseudopanax crassifolius.


birchbark

birchbark (countable and uncountable, plural birchbarks)

Betula papyrifera
Betula papyrifera#Translingual

The bark of the birch tree, especially the white bark of the paper birch, Betula papyrifera.


American holly

American holly (usually uncountable, plural American hollies)

On all American hollies, a vertical incision, three-fourths of an inch above basal cut, helps materially in producing a better root system.

1956, National Horticultural Magazine, volumes 35-36, American Horticultural Society, page 174:

The American holly was accepted as Delaware's state tree on May 1, 1939.

2002, Jennifer Quasha, How to Draw Delaware's Sights and Symbols, page 20:

Most familiar among them is the American Holly (Ilex opaca) whose prickly, broad evergreen leaves and bright red berries are a welcome splash of color in the winter landscape, as well as a symbol of the Christmas holiday.

2008, Mike Bottini, The Walking Dunes: East Hampton's Hidden Treasure, page 87:

A species of holly, Ilex opaca, native to the eastern United States.


kouse

A plant or herb with edible roots, in the genus Lomatium, used in traditional Native American foods and medicines.


styrax

Borrowed from the taxonomic name Styrax. Doublet of storax.

Any member of the genus Styrax of about 130 species of large shrubs or small trees, mostly native to temperate or tropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere.


snowbell

Any member of the genus Soldanella of flowering plants native to European mountains, typically with a basal rosette of simple, orbicular leaves and white to violet flowers.


lonicera

Just as important, the things I had never gotten around to doing — cleaning up the brush pile, pruning the overgrown forsythia, pulling the wild grape out of the Gold Flame lonicera — were enhancing that habitat.

2007 January 4, Anne Raver, “A Crop of Azure, Scarlet and Gold”, in New York Times:

Any plant of the genus Lonicera, the honeysuckles.


dhaincha

The main material is dhaincha, a weed commonly grown in India to restore nitrogen to depleted soils.

2007 January 9, Keith Bradsher, “Paying in Pollution for Energy Hunger”, in New York Times:

The legume Sesbania bispinosa, native to Asia and North Africa.


bluecurls

Any plant in genus Trichostema, with blue flowers.


culantro

From Spanish culantro, whence also the doublet cilantro, which see for more. Both words are doublets of coriander.

A painting of a woman wearing a burgundy shawl over a flamenco-style dress hangs on a wall, and in the garden, tomatoes, peppers, corn and culantro, an herb used in Caribbean cooking, grow in the summer.

2007 January 21, Timothy Williams, “As East Harlem Develops, Its Accent Starts to Change”, in The New York Times:

Eryngium foetidum
Eryngium foetidum#Translingual

The tropical herb Eryngium foetidum, native to Mexico, Central America and South America but cultivated worldwide, used medicinally and in Caribbean cuisine. (See Usage notes below for this sense.)


tara gum

tara gum (usually uncountable, plural tara gums)

A white or beige nearly odorless powder used as a thickening agent and stabilizer for food, produced by separating and grinding the endosperm of Tara spinosa seeds.


jequirity

From French jéquirity, from Spanish jequirití, from Tupi-Guarani.

Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius#Translingual

Abrus precatorius, a legume native to Indonesia with long, pinnate-leafleted leaves, whose toxic seeds ("jequirity bean") may be used as beads or in percussion instruments.

A Work in Progress. School of Agriculture and Food Systems. Faculty of Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne. Australia.

Sorting Abrus Names. Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database


partridgeberry

Mitchella repens
Mitchella repens#Translingual

Any of various plants, including
squaw vine, Mitchella repens


foxberry

Vaccinium vitis-idaea
Vaccinium vitis-idaea#Translingual

The plant cowberry or lingonberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea.


worcesterberry

Ribes divaricatum, a gooseberry plant of the Pacific coast of North America


whimberry

From earlier winberry, apparently a variant of wineberry (Middle English winberie) with regular shortening of the first vowel before a consonant cluster; in wineberry, this was prevented or reversed due to analogy.
The assimilation of /nb/ to /mb/ seen in some forms is to be expected (compare hemp < Old English henep). Other forms show the influence of unrelated words; the consonantism of forms with initial wh- is probably due to the influence of whin, while windberry clearly represents remodelling as wind + berry.

Another variable species: when fed upon whimberry or cowberry it is a most distinct-looking insect, often with the white patches placed in a triangle, one on the disk, one on the hind margin, and the usual one: no band.

1871, C. S. Gregson, “Varieties and Aberrations of Lepidoptera”, in Edward Newman, editor, The Entomologist, volume V, London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., page 75:

The lovely pink bloom of the whimberry stalk drops on the turf as the inner part knits itself into hard, green, beady fruit, whilst the leafage changes from a soft green to yellowish brown.

1900, Helen Brierley, Morgan Brierley, a Memoir: With a Selection from His Writings, Rochdale: James Clegg, page 260:

She made whimberry tarts and we ate them with thick, yellow cream until we were tight as drums.

2011 December 30, Nina Bawden, In My Own Time: Almost an Autobiography, Little, Brown Book Group, →ISBN, page 38:

Vaccinium myrtillus
Vaccinium myrtillus#Translingual

(dialectal) The bilberry or whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus).


spiceberry

A compact flowering plant of species Ardisia crenata, native to East Asia.


twinberry

A North American species of honeysuckle, Lonicera involucrata.


hagberry

From hag + berry.
According to Some Folklore of Trees, Animals, and River-fishing from the N.E. of Scotland, "The wood of the 'hackberry' or bird-cherry (Prunus padus) is not used as a staff or for any other purpose, as it is looked on as the witch's tree."

Prunus padus, a species of cherry native to northern Europe and northern Asia, the bird cherry.


inkberry

inkberry (countable and uncountable, plural inkberries)

Ilex verticillata
Ilex verticillata#Translingual

American winterberry
American winterberry

Any of various plants that bear dark berries, or the berries themselves:


sparkleberry

From sparkle + berry, apparently a rhyme of farkleberry.


hurtleberry

From Middle English hurtil-beri (“bilberry or blue whortleberry (Vaccinium myrtillus); berry of this shrub”); further etymology unknown, compare Middle English horten, hurten (“bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)”), and Old English horte (“bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)”).


sheepberry

Viburnum lentago
Viburnum lentago#Translingual

The plant Viburnum lentago, native to the northeastern and midwestern United States and southern Canada.


redberry

(Canada, Labrador) The lingonberry or cowberry, Vaccinium vitis-idaea.


mayapple

From May + apple. The fruit is notably neither related to apples (though "apple" itself has an archaic sense of generically referring to fruit), nor ripens during the month of May; only the flower blooms then around then in certain areas.

Etoposide came from the fruit of the poisonous mayapple.

2010, Siddhartha Mukherjee, The Emperor of All Maladies, Fourth Estate (2011), page 206:

Podophyllum peltatum
Podophyllum peltatum#Translingual

A fruit-bearing flowering plant with poisonous roots, native to eastern North America, taxonomic name Podophyllum peltatum.


May blossom

Crataegus monogyna
Crataegus monogyna#Translingual

A species of flower-bearing hawthorn with edible berries, Crataegus monogyna.


mayblossom

The flower of the hawthorn, Crataegus, especially the common hawthorn, Crataegus monogyna.


maythorn

From May + thorn. Compare Dutch meidoorn.


longleaf pine

en-noun

longleaf pine (usually uncountable, plural longleaf pines)

Pinus palustris
Pinus palustris#Translingual

An important pine species of the southeastern US, Pinus palustris.


American sweetgum

American sweetgum (plural American sweetgums)

Liquidambar styraciflua
Liquidambar styraciflua#Translingual

A deciduous tree native to warm temperate areas of eastern North America, Liquidambar styraciflua.


southern yellow pine

southern yellow pine (usually uncountable, plural southern yellow pines)

(US) A classification of lumber, widely used in construction in much of the US, from any of several species of genus Pinus grown in the southeastern United States.


redgum

The American sweetgum, Liquidambar styraciflua.


Emory oak

After a US army surveyor, Lieutenant William Hemsley Emory, who surveyed the area of west Texas where it was discovered in 1846.

Quercus emoryi, an oak common in Arizona, New Mexico, and western Texas, typically growing in dry hills at moderate altitudes and retaining its leaves through the winter.


mazzard

In California three rootstock species are in general use. From fairly reliable estimates, about 65 per cent of the cherries grown in the state are grafted on mazzard (Prunus avium); 30 per cent are on mahaleb (P. mahaleb); and 5 per cent on morello (P. cerasus).

1951, Leonard H. Day, Cherry rootstocks in California, Berkeley, Calif.: College of Agriculture, University of California, page 4:

A sweet cherry, Prunus avium, especially when used as rootstock.


guar

From Hindi ग्वार (gvār), from Sanskrit गोपाली (gopālī, “kind of cucumber”), shortened from गोपालकर्कटी (gopālakarkaṭī, “cowherder's cucumber”), from गोपाल (gopāla, “cowherd”) + कर्कटी (karkaṭī, “cucumber”) (see Latin cucumis and cucurbita).

der

An annual legume (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), used as a food for cattle and humans.


kenaf

From Persian کنف (kanaf). See Ancient Greek κάνναβις (kánnabis) for more. Doublet of cannabis, canvas, and hemp.

Hibiscus cannabinus
Hibiscus cannabinus#Translingual

Hibiscus cannabinus, an annual or biennial herbaceous plant found mainly in Asia.

The fibre obtained from this plant, similar to jute.


kanuka

Kunzea ericoides, the white tea tree of Australia and New Zealand, which can grow at high altitudes and in close proximity to geothermal features such as fumaroles.


kohekohe

Dysoxylum spectabile, a medium-sized tree native to New Zealand, related to mahogany.


sapota

Latinization of Nahuatl tzapocuahuitl (“Manilkara zapota, sapodilla”)

Pouteria sapota
Pouteria sapota#Translingual

Sapote, the similar fruit of various other tropical and semi-tropical trees, such as Pouteria sapota.


kinoo

Alteration of kinnow, a blend of the cultivar names of its parents, 'King' and 'Willow (Leaf)'.

Citrus reticulata
Citrus reticulata#Translingual

A hybrid mandarin citrus fruit from two citrus cultivars, 'King' Citrus nobilis and 'Willow Leaf' of Citrus reticulata (syn. Citrus deliciosa), grown extensively in the Punjab region.


lancewood

en-noun

lancewood (countable and uncountable, plural lancewoods)

Besides these two trees, which are the most general form of vegetation met with, may be found the briglow, bugwood, lapunya, lancewood, cork, box, and bloodwood, the last so named from its light red sap, which oozes in a thick stream

1904, Scottish Geographical Magazine, volume 20, page 578:

Bo sat on the sprung branch of a toppled lancewood.

2002, Alex Miller, Journey to the Stone Country, Allen & Unwin, published 2003, page 40:

(Australia) Any of various Australian trees having hard timber, especially Acacia shirleyi of Queensland and the Northern Territory; also a woodland made of such trees.


koromiko

A shrub, Hebe stricta, endemic to New Zealand.


honeysuck

honeysuck (countable and uncountable, plural honeysucks)

From Middle English honysoke, from Old English huniġsūce, huniġsūge; equivalent to honey + suck.

Wild honeysucks climb on the walls


annona

The annona is called custard apple

1842, Lady Maria Callcott, A Scripture Herbal, page 21:

This evergreen tree is the most tropical of the annonas.

1989, National Research Council (U.S.). Advisory Committee on Technology Innovation, Lost Crops of the Incas: Little-known Plants of the Andes with Promise for Worldwide Cultivation:

The edible annonas have important features which are given in Table 1.

2004, Niir Board, Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Floriculture, page 29:

custard apple (tree of the genus Annona and its fruit)

annoona

tree of the genus Annona and their fruit


storax

storax (countable and uncountable, plural storaxes)

From Middle English storace, storage, storax, storaxe, storrax, from Latin storax, styrax, from Ancient Greek στύραξ (stúrax). Doublet of styrax.

Any member of the genus Styrax of trees and shrubs.

Your onely way to make a good pomander, is this. Take an ownce of the pureſt garden mould, clenſed and ſteeped ſeauen daies in change of motherleſſe roſe water, then take the beſt Labdanum, Benioine, both Storaxes, amber greece, and Ciuet, and muſke, incorporate them together, and work them into what form you pleaſe; this, if your breath bee not to valiant, will make you ſmell as ſweete as my Ladies dogge.

1607, [attributed to Thomas Tomkis], Lingva: Or The Combat of the Tongue, and the Five Senses for Superiority. A Pleasant Comœdie., London: Printed by G[eorge] Eld, for Simon Waterson, →OCLC, act IV, scene iii:

Aromatics were used, too, especially in necromancy, and an old recipe of that sort comprises Musk, Myrrh, Frankincense, Red Storax, Mastick, Olibanum, Saffron, Benzoin and Labdanum.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 112:

Liquidambar orientalis
Liquidambar orientalis#Translingual

The resin of the oriental sweetgum tree (Liquidambar orientalis), formerly used as a stimulating expectorant.


oriental sweetgum

oriental sweetgum (plural oriental sweetgums)

A deciduous tree native to the eastern Mediterranean region, Liquidambar orientalis.


sweet chestnut

Castanea sativa
Castanea sativa#Translingual

A type of deciduous tree native to Europe, Castanea sativa.


filé

From French filé (“threaded”), after the way sassafras is processed.

A spicy herb made from the dried and ground leaves of the North American sassafras tree (Sassafras albidum) and used in Louisiana Creole cooking.


butterwort

From butter + wort: perhaps from the ability of the leaves to coagulate milk, or from their peculiar sliminess.

As he climbed up through the golden gorse he would look for orchids amongst the commoner cotton grass, bog asphodel and butterwort[.]

1977, K.M. Elizabeth Murray, Caught in the Web of Words, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 20:

Any plant of the insectivorous genus Pinguicula.


abelia

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

Any of the various honeysuckles of the genus Abelia.

abélia

any of the various honeysuckles of the genus Abelia


vetchling

From vetch (“leguminous plant of genus Vicia”) + -ling.

suffix

A leguminous climbing plant, notably:
any other member of genus Lathyrus.


balata

en-noun

balata (countable and uncountable, plural balatas)

‘She tall like a balata tree, her skin black like midnight.’

2022, Ayanna Lloyd Banwo, When We Were Birds, Hamish Hamilton, page 215:

Manilkara bidentata
Manilkara bidentata#Translingual

Manilkara bidentata, a large South American tree that yields latex and edible yellow berries.


palas

The Dhak or Palas is a familiar wild tree and is common throughout the greater part of India except in drier parts.

2005, Bhojraj Dwivedi, Environmental Vaastu, page 162:

The tea garden lay in the foothills of Bhutan and got its name from the many palash trees that stood tall among the undulating green sea of tea bushes.

2011, Arupa Patangia Kalita, translated by Deepika Phukan, The Story of Felanee:

Butea monosperma
Butea monosperma#Translingual

A tree of eastern India and Burma, Butea monosperma.


Chinese grapefruit

Chinese grapefruit (countable and uncountable, plural Chinese grapefruits)

One rather unusual citrus fruit is the large-fruited pomelo or Chinese grapefruit, C. maxima. This is larger than a grapefruit, pale green when ripe, and has thick soft rind and quite sweet flesh. It is commonly grown in southern China.

2008, Martin Walters, Chinese Wildlife: A Visitor’s Guide, Bradt Travel Guides, →ISBN, page 25, →ISBN:

Synonym of pomelo (“SE-Asian citrus fruit”)


sagapenum

sagapenum (countable and uncountable, plural sagapenums)

A yellow to brown bitter gum that derives from plants of the genus Ferula.


verticordia

From the genus name translingual Verticordia.

Verticordias are commonly known as featherflowers due to the fringed and feathered appearance of the five sepals and/or petals that are part of their striking flowers.

(Can we date this quote?), “Verticordia Garden”, in Kings Park Botanical Gardens, Government of Western Australia, archived from the original on 2024-03-29:

Local verticordias prefer sands and sandy gravels, commonly in kwongan sandplain.

2020 September 25, Doug Sawkins, “Verticordias in the Narrogin District”, in Foxes Lair Nature Reserve, archived from the original on 2024-04-21:

A plant belonging to the genus Verticordia.


beechwood

beechwood (countable and uncountable, plural beechwoods)

A wood largely populated with beech trees.

fãdzet

a wood largely populated with beech trees


jaborandi

From Portuguese jaborandi, from Old Tupi îaborandy.

Any of several species of the genus Pilocarpus of plants, some of which are important medicinally.


jaboticaba

→ Japanese: ジャボチカバ (jabochikaba)

/d͡ʒæbɒtɪˈkɑːbə/

Etymology tree
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *jaβoti
Old Tupi îaboti
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kaβ
Proto-Tupian *-ap
Proto-Tupi-Guarani *-aβ?
Old Tupi -a
Old Tupi kaba
Old Tupi îabutikababor.
Brazilian Portuguese jabuticababor.
English jaboticaba
Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese jaboticaba (also spelt jabuticaba), from Old Tupi îabutikaba (“jaboticaba fruit”, literally “jabuti fat”).

der

The evergreen Brazilian grape tree, Myrciaria cauliflora, a fruit-bearing tree native to Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.


guanabana

Borrowed from Spanish guanábana, from Taíno.

For a plant whose preferred growing region is the temperate zone of North America, the pawpaw is an uncannily exotic-tasting delicacy, a far-flung cousin of the tropical soursop, or guanábana.

2023 September 29, Molly Fitzpatrick, “He’s the Pawpaw King of Brooklyn. (What’s a Pawpaw?)”, in The New York Times, →ISSN:


jackwood

en-noun

jackwood (usually uncountable, plural jackwoods)

Cryptocarya glaucescens, a rainforest tree of eastern Australia whose bark is dark brown or reddish-brown and often scaly.


msasa

From a big msasa tree that shaded the veranda a pigeon was cooing regularly.

1954, Doris Lessing, A Proper Marriage, HarperPerennial, published 1995, page 285:

A tree of Southern Africa, Brachystegia spiciformis.


sclarene

(organic chemistry) A diterpene present in the foliage of Podocarpus laetus (syn. Podocarpus hallii).


flame tree

flame + tree, from the fiery colour of the flowers.

Any tree or shrub with yellow or bright red flowers from several species including:

Delonix regia (royal poinciana), native to Madagascar

Delonix regia
Delonix regia#Translingual

Erythrina spp. (coral trees), of most tropical and subtropical regions


thuya

Thuya, Ara, or Sandrac-tree, is probably the Arbor vitæ of Theophrastus: it is similar in leaf to the juniper, and, besides producing the gum sandrac, the wood is invaluable [...].

1809, James Grey Jackson, An Account of the Empire of Marocco, section VIII:


kaikawaka

(New Zealand) Libocedrus bidwillii, the New Zealand cedar, an evergreen coniferous tree.


torchwood

torchwood (countable and uncountable, plural torchwoods)

/ˈtɔɹt͡ʃˌwʊd/

(countable) A tree yielding wood suitable for making torches, especially a tree of the genus Amyris.


beechdrops

Epifagus virginiana, a parasitic plant which grows on the roots of beech trees.


linaria

From Latin linaria (“a linen factory”), from linum (“linen, flax”).

Any plant of the genus Linaria (as the toadflax)


green gram

green gram (usually uncountable, plural green grams)

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata#Translingual

A bean from the seed of Vigna radiata, which is native to Bangladesh and India.


corkscrew flower

corkscrew flower (plural corkscrew flowers)

A plant of the species Cochliasanthus caracalla, often used as an ornamental


deerberry

Vaccinium stamineum (squaw huckleberry), or its fruit.


American basswood

American basswood (plural American basswoods)

Tilia americana
Tilia americana#Translingual

A type of linden, native to eastern North America, Tilia americana.


loblolly

loblolly (countable and uncountable, plural loblollies)

From Yorkshire dialect lob (“boil”, literally “bubbling up”) + dialect lolly (“broth”).

(UK, dialect) A thick stew; lobscouse or similar.

he and Narcissa paddled and splashed with tucked-up garments and muddy bottoms, after the crudest of whittled boats, or made loblollies by treading and treading in one spot with the intense oblivion of alchemists.

1931, William Faulkner, Sanctuary, Vintage, published 1993, page 122:


loblolly

en-verb

loblolly (third-person singular simple present loblollies, present participle loblollying, simple past and past participle loblollied)

loblollies (present singular third-person)
loblollying (participle present)
loblollied (participle past)
loblollied (past)

1898, William Black, Wild Eelin, page 174, OCLC 2066856.
You'd rather lob-lolly about these refreshment-rooms, and stuff yourselves until you can't stir.


loblolly pine

en-noun

loblolly pine (countable and uncountable, plural loblolly pines)

He drove [his tee shot] behind a tree and tried to slip his second [shot] through a narrow opening, but hit another tall loblolly pine.

2009 April 13, Dave Perkins, “Cabrera benefits from miraculous bounce”, in Toronto Star:

For $600, they dropped an obese white oak that was lurching after my roof deck, two poplars and a diseased maple, plus three more loblolly pines.

2009 April 19, Wells Tower, “Felled Wood”, in New York Times:

(countable) A pine tree, Pinus taeda, native to the southeastern US and extensively planted.


loblolly bay

[T]hat elegant evergreen-tree, called in South Carolina and the Floridas, the Loblolly-bay[.]

1770, John Ellis, “A Copy of a Letter from John Ellis, Esq; F. R. S. to Dr. Linnaeus, F. R. S. &c.”, in Philosophical Transactions (1683-1775), volume 60, page 519:

An elegant white-flowered evergreen shrub or small tree, Gordonia lasianthus, growing in the maritime parts of the Southern United States. Its bark is sometimes used in tanning.


poisonwood

poisonwood (usually uncountable, plural poisonwoods)

Metopium toxiferum, a species of tree found in the American neotropics known for producing the irritant urushiol.


oleaster

From Middle English oliaster, olyaster, from Latin oleaster.

زَيْزَفُون

plant in the family Elaeagnaceae, especially, a plant in the genus Elaeagnus, especially, the species Elaeagnus angustifolia

Elaeagnus angustifolia
Elaeagnus angustifolia#Translingual

especially, the type species Elaeagnus angustifolia.

Cultivated olive trees that have re-naturalized, sometimes treated as a species Olea oleaster, the wild olive.


tonka bean

Like when she and Seema [...] climb the tonka bean tree.

2022, Ayanna Lloyd Banwo, When We Were Birds, Hamish Hamilton, page 155:

Dipteryx odorata
Dipteryx odorata#Translingual

A black wrinkled seed of a neotropical legume tree of species Dipteryx odorata, used as a perfume and vanilla substitute due to its high coumarin content.


harmal

Peganum harmala
Peganum harmala#Translingual

Peganum harmala, a perennial plant of the family Nitrariaceae.


harmine

harmine (countable and uncountable, plural harmines)

(organic chemistry) A fluorescent harmala alkaloid belonging to the carboline family of compounds, found in harmal and certain other plants.


harmalol

(organic chemistry) An alkaloid, 1-methyl-4,9-dihydro-3H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-7-ol, found in the seeds of the harmal plant


bhindi

bhindi (countable and uncountable, plural bhindis)

Borrowed from Hindi भिंडी (bhiṇḍī, “okra”), a feminine form of Sanskrit भिण्डा (bhiṇḍā).

(India) Synonym of okra: the plant or its edible capsules.


karri

karri (countable and uncountable, plural karris)

As an artist keenly attracted to Western Australian gums, specifically karris and tuarts, van Raalte prioritized imaginative figurations of trees, rather than humans, in his etchings.

2018, John C. Ryan, Forest Family: Australian Culture, Art, and Trees, page 104:

The tree Eucalyptus diversicolor, native to south-western Western Australia.


planetree

Alternative form of plane tree (Platanus spp.).


sicklepod

Senna obtusifolia, a legume used in folk medicine.


Burmese rosewood

Burmese rosewood (usually uncountable, plural Burmese rosewoods)

Dalbergia oliveri, a southeast Asian tree and its wood, valuable for its red lumber used in ornamental work including woodturning and furniture. The sapwood is yellowish-white with dark brown heartwood. The heartwood is very hard and heavy.

Any of species Dalbergia bariensis of similar trees.

Pterocarpus indicus
Pterocarpus indicus#Translingual

Any of species Pterocarpus indicus of similar trees.


sinicuichi

Any member of the genus Heimia of two or three closely related species of shrub in the family Lythraceae, native to the Americas, with five-petalled yellow flowers.


common lavender

common lavender (usually uncountable, plural common lavenders)

Lavandula angustifolia
Lavandula angustifolia#Translingual

A lavender plant of the species Lavandula angustifolia.


crackerberry

Cornus canadensis
Cornus canadensis#Translingual

The Canadian bunchberry, Cornus canadensis.


hoop pine

The tree's bark has horizontal bands resembling hoops (compare image).

The key colour is green, and of a particular density: the green of mangroves along the riverbanks, of Moreton Bay figs, of the big trees that are natives of this corner of Queensland, the shapely hoop-pines and bunyas that still dominate the skyline along every river.

1984, David Malouf, A First Place, Vintage, published 2015, page 6:

Kerry floated on her back in the Caledonian River, looking skyward through the limbs of Granny Ava's hoop pine.

2018, Melissa Lucashenko, Too Much Lip, University of Queensland Press, published 2023, page 27:

Araucaria cunninghamii, a tree of eastern Australia and New Guinea.


sallee

Transferative use of sally, dialectal variant of sallow (“willow”).

white sallee

Eucalyptus moorei or Eucalyptus pauciflora

2006, D. J. Boland, M. I. H. Brooker, G. M. Chippendale, N. Hall, B. P. M. Hyland, R.D. Johnston, D. A. Kleinig, M. W. McDonald, J. D. Turner, Forest Trees of Australia, CSIRO, page 556,
Black sallee is most common adjacent to creeks and flats in mountainous, tableland country.

In colder regions, mountain gums and white sallees – the beautiful twisted snow gums – occur.

2009, Andrew Bain, Ethan Gelber, Cycling Australia, page 136:

(Australia, used in combination) Any of various eucalypts.


jewelweed

jewelweed (countable and uncountable, plural jewelweeds)

he could still see a flower here and there smile up at him – the tawny red of the jewel-weed, and the close-tufted ball of the ‘mountain snow.’

1891, Mary Noailles Murfree, In the "Stranger People's" Country, Nebraska, published 2005, page 136:

Impatiens capensis
Impatiens capensis#Translingual

Impatiens pallida
Impatiens pallida#Translingual

(US) Impatiens, especially Impatiens capensis and Impatiens pallida.


boobialla

Said to be from a southeastern Tasmanian language term bubiala.

I grabbed them and splashed across the river and up the far bank, backed deep into a boobialla bush and pulled them in after me.

2001, Inga Clendinnen, Tiger's Eye: A Memoir, page 63:

One hundred and ninety-five years later, I look out over a strip of emerald boobyallas onto a deserted nine-mile beach.

2004, Nicholas Shakespeare, In Tasmania, Harvill Press, p. 9

And remember dead boobialla branches have one aim when you are gathering them, chopping them, lopping them, splitting them, breaking them under your boot – and that aimm is to gouge out your eye, to lance your hands, to trip you up, to deflect the axe into your boot, to kill you if possible.

2007, Graeme Kinross-Smith, Long Afternoon of the World, page 184:

A vast forest of Boobialla trees, growing completely out of control, spread widely right to the very foreshore of the station.[…]At a later date, I would be responsible for clearing this boobialla with my trusty chainsaw.

2010, Ray Kirkwood, Variant Breed, page 191:

(Australia) Any of various plants of coastal or sandy regions, especially a small tree Acacia longifolia (subsp. sophorae), and various flowering plants in the genus Myoporum in the figwort family.


silver pine

A tree (Manoao colensoi) endemic to New Zealand.


lime juice

lime juice (countable and uncountable, plural lime juices)

The lime juice is filled with crushed ice and sugar syrup and is perhaps the finest non-alcoholic beverage I’ve ever tasted.

2011, Shehan Karunatilaka, Chinaman: The Legend of Pradeep Mathew, Jonathan Cape, page 205:

(nonstandard) Limeade, a fruit juice made from limes.


alcanna

Borrowed from Spanish alcana, alheña, from Arabic الحِنَّاء (al-ḥinnāʔ, “henna”). Compare also alkanet.

Lawsonia inermis
Lawsonia inermis#Translingual

(archaic) A Bush, henna (Lawsonia inermis).


kahikatea

/ˈkʌhɪkəˌtɛə/

/ˈkʌhəkəˌtɛə/

Dacrycarpus dacrydioides, a coniferous tree endemic to New Zealand.


bird cherry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-bird cherry.wav

On the verdant slope and down by the edge of the water, the bird-cherry and the mountain ash displayed their flowery garb of summer.

1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 280:

Prunus padus or any deciduous species of Prunus subg. Padus that is closely related to it (tree or fruit).


vaccinium

Borrowed from translingual Vaccinium, itself borrowed from Latin vaccīnium.

(botany) Any of the genus Vaccinium of ericaceous shrubs including the various kinds of blueberries and the true cranberries.


Sharon fruit

Sharon fruit (plural Sharon fruits or Sharon fruit)

Sharon fruits (plural)
Sharon fruit (plural)

Trade name, after the Sharon plain in Israel.

Diospyros kaki
Diospyros kaki#Translingual

A persimmon, Diospyros kaki, that has been artificially ripened with carbon dioxide.


spearwood

From spear + wood; named for the use made of the wood by Australian Aborigines to make spear shafts.

1966, Western Australian Forests Department, Bulletin, Issues 63-77, page 62,
Peppermint (Agonis flexuosa), attaining heights of up to 30 feet, is the principal understorey species in the south, while Banksia menziesii, Banksia grandis, Banksia attenuata, Casuarina fraseriana, black wattle and spearwood (Kunzea ericifolia) predominate in the north.

In these areas it is found usually under Spearwood, Kunzea ericifolia in low-lying situations adjoining winter-wet swamps[…].

1998, Noel Hoffman, Andrew Brown, Orchids of South-West Australia, page 201:

(Australia) The erect woody evergreen shrub Kunzea ericifolia, endemic to Western Australia.

1976, Society for Growing Australian Plants, Australian Plants, Volume 9, Issue 69 - Volume 10, Issue 84, page 379,
Clinging to the sparse soil beneath the trees are the hardy acacias — Spearwood (Acacia doratoxylon), with its long, narrow leaves (up to 10cm long by 2-5mm wide), a tall shrub with golden-yellow flower spikes to 2cm; […] .

(Australia) The shrub Acacia doratoxylon.

(Australia) The flowering vine Pandorea doratoxylon.

(Australia) The eucalypt Eucalyptus doratoxylon.


quercine

en-adj

quercine (comparative more quercine, superlative most quercine)

more quercine (comparative)
most quercine (superlative)

Having characteristics of an oak (of genus Quercus)


suncup

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-suncup.wav

In spring, this meadow glows with bright orange California poppies and yellow suncups; by summer, golden oat grass covers the sloping fields.

2008, Jean Rusmore, Bay Area Ridge Trail:


pineapple guava

en-noun

pineapple guava (plural pineapple guavas)


chocolate tree

Theobroma cacao
Theobroma cacao#Translingual


palo verde

Borrowed from Spanish palo verde (“green stick”).

(US) Any of a variety of trees in the genus Parkinsonia, with characteristic green bark, found in desert areas of North America.

turco

any of a variety of trees in the genus Parkinsonia


pigweed

pigweed (countable and uncountable, plural pigweeds)

Chenopodium album
Chenopodium album#Translingual

Any of various weedy plants sometimes used as pig fodder


Norway spruce

A species of spruce native to Europe and naturalized in temperate northeastern North America, Picea abies.


coral tree

Any of the trees of the genus Erythrina, of most tropical and subtropical regions.


sour cherry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sour cherry.wav

Prunus subg. Cerasus
Prunus subg. Cerasus#Translingual

Prunus cerasus
Prunus cerasus#Translingual

Species of Prunus subg. Cerasus, (cherries), native to much of Europe and southwest Asia, especially, Prunus cerasus, Prunus pseudocerasus, and Prunus cerasoides.


Uta

A round winter pear cultivar with golden-brown skin.


gillyflower

By folk etymology (with influence from flower) from French girofle, gilofre, from Late Latin caryophyllum, from Ancient Greek καρυόφυλλον (karuóphullon, “dried flower buds of the clove tree”).

der

(by extension) Any clove-scented flower.


chaste tree

Traditionally believed to be an anaphrodisiac.

Vitex agnus-castus
Vitex agnus-castus#Translingual

A shrub native to the Mediterranean region (Vitex agnus-castus).


Canada balsam

en-noun

Canada balsam (countable and uncountable, plural Canada balsams)

A turpentine made from the resin of the balsam fir tree.

bàlsam del Canadà

turpentine produced from the resin of balsam fir

I have seen a few tamaracks at odd spots, and on the Athabaska I saw a small grove of Canada balsams, the only place I ever saw them in the northwest.

1914, Ernest John Chambers, The Unexploited West:

Abies balsamea
Abies balsamea#Translingual


fireweed

fireweed (countable and uncountable, plural fireweeds)

Any of the flowering plants of the genus Erechtites.


rosebay willowherb

rosebay willowherb (plural rosebay willowherbs)

(British English) A wildflower of species Chamerion angustifolium.


calceolaria

/ˌkalsiːəʊˈlɛːrɪə/

/ˌkalsɪəˈlɛːrɪə/

From translingual Calceolaria, the genus of slipperworts, from Latin calceolus (“slipper, little shoe”) + -āria (“-ary: forming plant names”), from calceus (“calceus, footwear”) + -olus (“-ole: forming diminutives”).

bor

(botany) Any plant of the genus Calceolaria.


olibanum

en-noun

olibanum (countable and uncountable, plural olibanums)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin olibanum, from Latin oleum libani, the first word meaning oil and the second from Ancient Greek λίβανος (líbanos, “frankincense (Boswellia sacra)”), from a Semitic source, compare Proto-Semitic *laban- (“white”). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew לְבוֹנָה (l'voná, “frankincense”), Arabic لبان (lubān, “frankincense”). (Compare benzoin for a similar process of metanalysis.) Doublet of oliban.

cog

Aromatics were used, too, especially in necromancy, and an old recipe of that sort comprises Musk, Myrrh, Frankincense, Red Storax, Mastick, Olibanum, Saffron, Benzoin and Labdanum.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 112:

A gum resin from trees of the genus Boswellia, formerly used as a medicine and now mainly as incense.


naseberry

From Spanish níspero, influenced by berry.


jambul

From Sanskrit जम्बुल (jambula), जम्बु (jambu, “rose apple, jambul (Syzygium spp.)”).

Syzygium cumini
Syzygium cumini#Translingual

An evergreen tropical tree, Syzygium cumini.


borrel

en-adj

borrel (comparative more borrel, superlative most borrel)

more borrel (comparative)
most borrel (superlative)

Probably from burel (“coarse woolen cloth”).

Siker thou speak'st like a lewd sorrel,
Of heaven, to deemen so:
Howbe I am but rude and borrel,
Yet nearer ways I know.

1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Iohn Wolfe for Iohn Harrison the yonger, […], →OCLC:

(obsolete) Ignorant, unlearned; belonging to the laity.


groundcherry

long-leaved groundcherry (Physalis longifolia

Any of various plants in the genus Physalis and their fruits


bosk

From Middle English bosk, busk, variants of bush (“grove, wood; thicket, underbrush; bush; branch of a shrub or tree”), from Old English busc (attested only in place names), likely from Anglo-Latin bosca (“firewood”), from Late Latin busca, buscus, boscus (“wood; woodland”), from Frankish and Proto-West Germanic *busk, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz (“bush, thicket”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to become, grow, appear”).
The English word is cognate with Dalmatian buasc (“forest; wood”), French bois (“wood (material); wood, woodland”), Italian bosco (“wood (wooded area)”), Middle Dutch bosch, busch (modern Dutch bos (“forest; wood”)), Norwegian busk (“bush, shrub”); Occitan boscs, Old High German busk (“bush”) (Middle High German busch, bosch, modern German Busch (“bush, shrub; brush, scrub”)), Portuguese bosque (“grove”), Spanish bosque (“forest”), West Frisian bosk (“forest”).
Doublet of bush.
Alternatively, the modern word may be a back-formation from bosky (“having abundant bushes, shrubs, or trees”).

back-formation

Meantime, through well-known bosk and dell, / I'll lead where we may shelter well.

1815, Walter Scott, “Canto Fifth”, in The Lord of the Isles, a Poem, Edinburgh: […] [F]or Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown; by James Ballantyne and Co., […], →OCLC, stanza XVI, page 196:

[...] and so by town and thorpe, / And tilth, and blowing bosks of wilderness, / We gain'd the mother-city thick with towers, / And in the imperial palace found the king.

1847, Alfred Tennyson, “Part I”, in The Princess: A Medley, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 17:

The enclosure was indeed little beyond that of a good-sized paddock – its boundaries were visible on every side – but swelling uplands, covered with massy foliage sloped down to its wild irregular turf soil – soil poor for pasturage, but pleasant to the eye; with dell and dingle, bosks of fantastic pollards – dotted oaks of vast growth – here and there a weird hollow thorn-tree – patches of fern and gorse.

1857, Pisistratus Caxton [pseudonym; Edward Bulwer-Lytton], chapter I, in What will He Do with It? (Collection of British Authors; CCCCVII), Tauchnitz edition, volume I, Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, →OCLC, book II, page 140:

On February 16 a reconnaissance in force was pushed to within a mile of the fort and battle offered on the open plain. The challenge was disregarded, and only noticed by the sending out of a few well-mounted men to watch our movements. The forces of the enemy were kept well concealed in the bosque (grove) above the fort and within its walls.

1862 May 4, Henry H[opkins] Sibley, “Operations in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. February 1 – September 20, 1862. [No. 8. Reports of Brig. Gen. Henry H. Sibley, C.S. Army, Commanding Army of New Mexico, Including Operations from January – to May 4, 1862.]”, in A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Additions and Corrections to Series I—Volume IX, Washington, D.C.: Published under the direction of the Hon. Elihu Root, Secretary of War, by Brig. Gen. Fred C[rayton] Ainsworth, Chief of the Record and Pension Office, War Department, and Mr. Joseph W. Kirkley; Government Printing Office, published 1902, →OCLC, page 507:

Gensler also used box-trimmed ficus bosks in the executive dining area, where privacy is more important. "We made the spacing more generous between tables, grouped the tables in threes and fours, and set each group off with the bosks," [...]

1991, Contract Design, volume 33, New York, N.Y.: Gralla Publications, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 87, column 12:

The area on the north side of the Mall that had been occupied for several decades by temporary structures was redesigned with a varied series of formal bosks evoking the character of baroque woodlands.

1991, David C. Streatfield, “The Olmsteads and the Landscape of the Mall”, in Richard Longstreth, editor, The Mall in Washington, 1791–1991: Symposium: Papers (Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts: Symposium Papers; 14), Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, →ISBN, page 138, column 2:


cajuput oil

en-noun

cajuput oil (countable and uncountable, plural cajuput oils)

From the Malay name of the tree, kayu putih (“white wood”).

A volatile oil obtained by distillation from the leaves of the myrtaceous tree Melaleuca leucadendra.


derris

From New Latin and translingual Derris, from Ancient Greek δέρρις (dérrhis, “leather, skin”), referring to the leathery pods, from δέρω (dérō, “I skin, I flay”).

der

A climbing leguminous plant of Southeast Asia and the southwest Pacific Islands, Derris elliptica, whose roots are a source of rotenone.


twinflower

Any of species Dyschoriste oblongifolia of dicotyledonous flowering plants of the family Acanthaceae, native to coastal plains regions of the United States.


Earl Grey

en-noun

Earl Grey (usually uncountable, plural Earl Greys)

Reputed by to be named after Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey. A “Grey's Tea” is known from the 1850s, but the first known published references to an “Earl Grey” tea are advertisements by Charlton & Co. of Jermyn Street in London in the 1880s.

I'll hazard I can do more damage on my laptop sitting in my pyjamas before my first cup of Earl Grey than you can do in a year in the field.

2012, Skyfall, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

A blend of black tea flavoured with oil from the rind of the bergamot orange.


dockmackie

From Algonquian, perhaps from Lenape dogekumak (“an unknown smokable plant”) via Dutch (whence the diminutive ending -ie), or perhaps from a Mahican word.

A viburnum of species Viburnum acerifolium, native to eastern North America.


sesamum

While at play for this extraordinary stake, they have a fire by them, on which a small pot of walnut oil, or oil of sesamum, is kept boiling; and when one has won a game, he chops off the end of the loser's finger, who immediately dips the stump into the boiling oil, to stem the blood; and some will persist so obstinately, as to have all their fingers thus mutilated.

1760, Robert Kerr, A General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels, Vol. 1:

The latter is called the feast of 'six sesamum acts,' for sesamum is a holy plant, and in each act of this rite it plays a part.

1896, Edward Washburn Hopkins, The Religions of India:


fuji

fuji (countable and uncountable, plural fujis)

Short for Fujisaki, Aomori, Japan, where originally cultivated.

(countable) A large cultivar of eating apple.


ashweed

Aegopodium podagraria
Aegopodium podagraria#Translingual


desmodium

Any member of the genus Desmodium of the flowering plant family Fabaceae, containing mostly inconspicuous legumes but some with bright or large flowers.


eyebright

eyebright (countable and uncountable, plural eyebrights)

Paracelsus had been recommending the plant eyebright for bad eyes in the sixteenth century; it was still in widespread use in the eighteenth.

1997, Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind, Folio Society, published 2016, page 273:

He looks for eyebright, a tiny flowering herb he has seen before, and which he knows would make a good eye-wash: not to be found.

1999, Julia Leigh, The Hunter, Faber & Faber 2012, p. 91

Any of the flowering plants of the genus Euphrasia, originally as used to treat eye infections.

عَرْقُون

any of the flowering plants of the genus Euphrasia


water dropwort

Any of genus Oxypolis of plants in the family Apiaceae


copaiba

copaiba (countable and uncountable, plural copaibas)

/ˌkəʊpaɪˈiːbə/

Borrowed from Portuguese copaíba, borrowed from Old Tupi kopa'yba, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *kopaʔɨβ + Old Tupi -a.

etymon

Any of several South American trees of the genus Copaifera


menthaceous

en-adj

menthaceous (comparative more menthaceous, superlative most menthaceous)

more menthaceous (comparative)
most menthaceous (superlative)

(botany) mint-like (of genus Mentha, tribe Mentheae, or the obsolete family Menthaceae).


ambrette

en-noun

ambrette (countable and uncountable, plural ambrettes)

Abelmoschus moschatus
Abelmoschus moschatus#Translingual

The musk mallow plant (Abelmoschus moschatus).


soldanella

Great belts of blue gentian hang like a zone on the mountain slopes; masses of yellow globe-flower star the upland pastures; nodding heads of soldanella lurk low among the rugged boulders by the glacier's side.

Some of my own best Ski-ing days have been late in March when the crocuses and gentians were already opening to the sun on the Southern slopes, and a soldanella might be found along some tiny stream.

1924, Katharine Symonds Furse, Ski-running:


mazer bowl

[…] by his side / A mighty Mazer bowle of wine was set, / As if it had to him bene sacrifide; / Wherewith all new-come guests he gratifide […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto XII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

A Loafe of bread was brought out, and delivered to the Sinne-eater over the corps, as also a Mazar-bowle of maple (Gossips bowle) full of beer, wᶜʰ he was to drinke up..

1687, John Aubrey, Remaines of Gentilisme and Judaisme, page 35:

(historical) A bowl or cup made from a knot of a maple tree and often decorated with silver.


mung bean

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata#Translingual

The seed of Vigna radiata, native to South Asia.


red maple

From the reddish color of its flowers, petioles, twigs and seeds, which distinguish it from other maples.


soft maple

From the weakness of its wood relative to other maples.


swamp maple

From its being the variety of maple most likely to be found in poorly drained environments.


jarrahwood

The floors were paved with mellow red tiles filched from an old farmhouse and the ceilings were beamed with jarrahwood.

1989, Désirée Picton-Seymour, Historical buildings in South Africa:

And with his ghostly honking wailing he heads out the jarrahwood door. But it doesn't end there.


dhak

Butea monosperma
Butea monosperma#Translingual

Butea monosperma, a tree of southern Asia.


pearmain

From Anglo-Norman parmain, peremain et al., Middle French parmain, permain (“type of pear or apple”), of uncertain origin.

Sweet fruits are best, as sweet cherries, plums, sweet apples, pearmains, and pippins, which Laurentius extols as having a peculiar property against this disease […].

1826 June 30, Thomas Greene Fessenden (editor), The New England Farmer, Volume 4 [July 1825—July 1826], page 385,
If it were not so, why, for instance, has not the pearmain — a better apple than the Baldwin or any other Massachusetts winter apple now known to me — been propagated as extensively, and brought in plenty to our markets?

Apples: Drap d'or, Barcelona pearmain;[…].

1833, John Claudius Loudon, editor, Art. VII: London Horticutural Society and Garden: Gardener's Magazine and Register of Rural and Domestic Improvement, volume IX, page 727:

Any of various types of apple, having an elongated shape and often with streaky skin.


mombin

mombin (countable and uncountable, plural mombins)

Any of several tropical American trees, of the genus Spondias.


hot lips

Either of two plants of the madder family, Palicourea elata and Palicourea tomentosa, whose red flowers are thought to resemble a pair of lips.


leopardwood

From leopard + wood, from its spotted bark.

(Australia) Either of two trees of the genus Flindersia of New South Wales and Queensland, having a distinctive spotted trunk, Flindersia maculosa and Flindersia collina.


marri

Corymbia calophylla, an Australian tree.


tigerwood

A South American tree also known as goncalo alves, producing a hardwood, with contrasting stripes, Astronium graveolens, Astronium fraxinifolium and possibly other related species.


Red Delicious

I once knew a girl who wouldn’t eat apples. She wove her walking around groves and orchards. She didn’t even like to look at them. They’re all mealy, she said. Or else too cheeky, too bloomed. No, she stated again, in case we had not heard her, our laps brimming with Granny Smiths and Red Deliciouses.

2013, Aimee Bender, “Appleless”, in The Color Master: Stories, London: Hutchinson, →ISBN, page 3:

The first thing Billy did every morning at work was to swing by the main school’s cafeteria in the basement two floors below and pick up breakfast for the Academic Vision Institute: a plastic crate of thirty assorted milks (chocolate, obviously, being the only one anybody ever drank), twenty foil-topped orange juices (“contains less than 6% juice/product of Brazil, Honduras, El Salvador, and the United States”), around ten individually-sealed plastic cereal bowls (plus ten spork-napkin-straw kits), various fruits (almost always mealy, thick-skinned Red Deliciouses and rock-hard pears), and motley breakfast pastries.

2014, Wintfred Huskey, chapter 4, in Blowin’ It, Philadelphia, Pa.: The Head & The Hand Press, →ISBN, page 71:

These were native to the soil, and it’s unclear if they were used by Native Americans. In any case, contemporary palates—raised on flawless, tart Granny Smiths or Red Deliciouses—would have deemed them inedible, either impossibly sour or garbage-y bland.

2016, Steven Grasse, “Cider”, in Colonial Spirits: A Toast to Our Drunken History, New York, N.Y.: Abrams Image, →ISBN:

A variety of apple which is red in color and has a mild sweet flavor.


wait-a-bit

Any of certain plants with sharp hooked thorns found in southern and eastern Africa.

(South Africa) One of numerous acacias and mimosas and relatives.

Biancaea decapetala (syn. Caesalpinia decapetala, Mauritius thorn, Mysore thorn)

Ziziphus mucronata (buffalo thorn, Cape thorn)

The grapple plant (Uncarina leptocarpa).


wait-a-bit

From the delay caused by the recurved thorns.

Certain thorny shrubs and trees of North America

The common prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum).

The greenbrier (Smilax spp., esp. Smilax rotundifolia)

Any of various species of hawthorn (Crataegus crus-galli, etc.).

Mimosa aculeaticarpa (catclaw mimosa, wait-a-minute bush), of southwestern US and northern Mexico.

Senegalia greggii (catclaw acacia), of southwestern US and northern Mexico.


wintercreeper

Euonymus fortunei, a woody evergreen vine native to China, Korea, and Japan.


avaram

From Kannada ಆವರಿಕೆ (āvarike), Tamil ஆவாரை (āvārai), or a related form.

A leguminous shrub with smooth cinnamon brown bark (Senna auriculata) from Southern Asia.


yacca

Either of two large evergreens of the West Indies, Podocarpus coriaceus and Podocarpus purdieanus.


youth-on-age

From the way young plantlets sprout from the middle of older leaves.

Sometimes flowers of youth-on-age are white streaked with green instead of greenish streaked with purple.

1972, Hazel Heckman, Island Year, page 132:

A perennial plant native to North America and widely planted as an ornamental: Tolmiea menziesii


kauri

kauri (countable and uncountable, plural kauris or kauri)

Borrowed from Maori kauri from Proto-Polynesian *kauquli, from *kau (“tree”) + *quli (“black”), originally referring to Samoan ebony ("Diospyros samoensis").

A conifer of the genus Agathis, family Araucariaceae, found in Australasia and Melanesia.


crackleberry

All the crackleberries had spilled out on the floor.

(US, dialectal) The high-bush huckleberry, Gaylussacia baccata, native to eastern North America, or the fruit of this shrub


rhamnaceous

Of or pertaining to plants in the family Rhamnaceae, the buckthorns.


lambkill

Kalmia angustifolia, a toxic plant with small, deep pink flowers.


Carmelite

A member of the Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, a Catholic religious order focusing on contemplative prayer and the Virgin Mary.

karmeldar

member of a certain Catholic religious order


divi-divi

dividivi

Caesalpinia coriaria, a leguminous tree of the Caribbean region

Caesalpinia coriaria
Caesalpinia coriaria#Translingual

Caesalpinia coriaria, a leguminous tree of the southern Western Hemisphere

Prior to the war divi-divi was exported to Hamburg almost exclusively; in the past few years, however, it has found a ready market in New York.

1919, “Abstracts”, in Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association, volume 14, page 583:

The seed-pods of Caesalpinia coriaria, formerly used in tanning


achimenes

A Central American plant, of the genus Achimenes, having showy, trumpet-shaped flowers


fluellen

Any plant of the genus Kickxia, having purple and yellow flowers.


bugleweed

Any of a genus of herbs used for ground cover, bugle (Ajuga).


starflower

Ornithogalum, a genus of perennial bulbous plants (family Asparagaceae), including:

Ornithogalum dubium (sun star or orange star)

Ornithogalum narbonense (pyramidal star-of-Bethlehem)

Ornithogalum nutans (drooping star-of-Bethlehem)

Ornithogalum pyrenaicum (Bath asparagus, Prussian asparagus, spiked star-of-Bethlehem).

Ornithogalum umbellatum (common star-of-Bethlehem).


ligustrum

Any of several shrubs, of the genus Ligustrum, widely used for hedges; privet


photinia

Any member of the genus Photinia of small trees and large shrubs in the family Rosaceae.


aeonium

Any member of the genus Aeonium of succulent, subtropical plants with rosette leaves on a basal stem, mostly native to the Canary Islands.


echeveria

/ˌɛkɨˈvɪəriə/

From the genus name, translingual Echeveria f.

Skillfully complements echeverias and other succulents in dish gardens.

(Can we date this quote?), Altman Plants, Graptosedum ‘California Sunset’, archived from the original on 2023-12-02:

Any member of the speciose genus Echeveria of succulents, many species of which are popular as garden plants.


clary sage

Salvia sclarea, a biennial or short-lived herbaceous perennial.


Wollemi pine

From the Wollemi region in New South Wales.

An Australian coniferous tree (Wollemia nobilis) in the family Araucariaceae, not a true pine.


ironbark

(chiefly Australia) Any of several unrelated eucalypts that have dark, deeply furrowed bark.


alligator apple

alligator apple (countable and uncountable, plural alligator apples)

From the fact that American alligators sometimes eat the fruit.

A tropical fruit tree, of species Annona glabra, that grows in swamps in the tropical Americas and West Africa.

Fruit of Annona glabra, oblong to spherical and roughly apple-sized.


broomrape

broomrape (countable and uncountable, plural broomrapes)

From broom + rape, a partial translation of the species name Orobanche rapum-genistae, where Latin rapum means turnip and genista means broom. Orobanche rapum-genistae is parasitic on broom plants. Compare rapeseed. Cognates include Dutch bremraap.

Any of various plants, of the genus Orobanche, that are parasitic on the roots of other plants.


chickling

Lathyrus sativus
Lathyrus sativus#Translingual

The leguminous plant Lathyrus sativus as well as other Lathyrus species.


motherwort

From Middle English moderwort; equivalent to mother + wort.

Besides, it makes women joyful and mothers of children and settles their wombs as they should be; therefore we call it Motherwort.

1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society, published 2007, page 195:

—Miss Luna, muffling up her head,
Went with the ague, straight to bed,
Put out her lamp, and bade them tell
She could not hear her mistress' bell,
Begg'd them with motherwort to dose her,
And drew her cloudy night-cap closer.—

1827, Lydia Sigourney, Poems, The Comet of 1825, page 151:

Any of several perennial plants of the genus Leonurus, especially Leonurus cardiaca, used in traditional medicine to help with childbirth or treat uterine disorders.


scabious

From Medieval Latin scabiōsa, substantive form of scabiōsus (“scabious”) (see Etymology 1).

sweet scabious

Erigeron spp.; Sixalix atropurpurea, syn. Scabiosa atropurpurea

The grassy track, so gay with scabious and bedstraw, was snow-white at the bottom of its ruts.

1907, E.M. Forster, The Longest Journey, Part I, XII [Uniform ed., p. 128]

Any of various herbaceous plants of the genus Scabiosa.


smokebush

Any of several Australian shrubs and trees, of the genus Conospermum, that have flowers in dense spikes.


speargrass

speargrass (countable and uncountable, plural speargrasses)

Any of several not closely related grasses in some way reminiscent of a spear.

Species of Aristida (three-awn wiregrass)

Imperata cylindrica
Imperata cylindrica#Translingual

Species of Stipa (feathergrass), typically Stipa calamagrostis


glaucus

From Ancient Greek γλαυκός (glaukós, “blue-green, blue-grey”).

der

This pass is extremely abrupt, and is covered with glaucus, the low scrub I have noticed as common to the sand-stone formation.

1833, Charles Sturt, Two Expeditions into the Interior of Southern Australia, Complete:

A desert lime (Citrus glauca), a thorny shrub species endemic to semi-arid regions of Australia.


whitethorn

Crataegus monogyna
Crataegus monogyna#Translingual

Crataegus monogyna, a hawthorn species native to Europe, northwest Africa and western Asia.

Vachellia constricta, formerly Acacia constricta, whitethorn acacia, a shrub in the family Fabaceae.


fleawort

en-noun

fleawort (countable and uncountable, plural fleaworts)

Any of various not closely related plants that are supposed to kill or ward off fleas.


guggulsterone

guggulsterone (countable and uncountable, plural guggulsterones)

(organic chemistry) A steroid, present in the resin of the guggul plant, Commiphora mukul, that is used in some medical preparations


blackbutt

Bothered by the conviction of making no impression on her, he pulled up at a strip of road shaded by tall spotted gums, blackbutt, and honeysuckle, and produced a packet of cigarettes. "About time for a smoke-O," he said, "Have a fag, Cora.'

1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 169:

I cut new timber with my saw and inhaled the sweet sour smell of blackbutt.

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 175:

(chiefly Australia) Any of several Australian eucalyptus trees with a dark fibrous bark towards the base of the trunk, especially Eucalyptus pilularis, but also Eucalyptus zopherophloia and Eucalyptus todtiana.


guaiacum

guaiacum (usually uncountable, plural guaiacums)

Any of a number of species of tree of the genus Guaiacum, native to the West Indies and parts of the Americas.


shoreweed

A small European plantain, Littorella uniflora, that grows in shallow water or mud at the edges of ponds


squawroot

Trillium erectum
Trillium erectum#Translingual

Either of two not closely related plants from eastern North America:

Trillium erectum, that has foul-smelling, yellow to purple flowers.


stinkwood

stinkwood (countable and uncountable, plural stinkwoods)

Any of several not closely related trees whose wood has an unpleasant smell, but especially Ocotea bullata, a south African tree yielding hard, heavy wood.


tallowwood

tallowwood (usually uncountable, plural tallowwoods)

The Tallowwood family numbers about 27 genera and nearly 150 species of trees, shrubs and lianas scattered throughout the tropical forests of the world. […]
The tallowwoods
Ximenia L.
 These are a small genus comprising five species of widely distributed tropical trees and shrubs. One of them, X. americana L., extends northward into southern Florida.
Tallowwood hog-plum
Ximenia americana L.

1946, Ellwood Scott Harrar, Jacob George Harrar, Guide to Southern Trees, 2nd edition, New York: Dover Publications, published 1962, →ISBN, page 263:

(uncommon, by extension) The tropical fruit-tree genus Ximenia.


valonia

From the Venetan name Valona of the now Albanian city Vlorë around which it grows unlike in Italy; but an occasional acquaintance at first and one of the principal sources of tannin in the English-speaking world only in the late 19th century, largely imported from the Ottoman Empire, Smyrna being the main trading centre for it, whence to Trieste it passed the first time in 1842 to reach the Austro-Hungarian leather industry and becoming popular in the German Reich only by the 1880s.

Any of species Quercus macrolepis, now subspecies Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis or Quercus aegilops of European evergreen oak trees


masoor

(India, cooking) Small orange-red lentils.


mezereon

mezereon (countable and uncountable, plural mezereons)

From Medieval Latin mezereon, mezereum, from Arabic مَازَرْيُون (māzaryūn).

We, Greville, are happy in these parks and forests: we were happy in my close winter-walk of box and laurustinus and mezereon. In our earlier days did we not emboss our bosoms with the crocusses, and shake them almost unto shedding with our transports!

1824, Walter Savage Landor, “Conversation II. Lord Brooke and Sir Philip Sidney.”, in Imaginary Conversations of Literary Men and Statesmen, volume I, London: […] Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC, pages 18–19:

Daphne mezereum
Daphne mezereum#Translingual

An ornamental shrub, Daphne mezereum, having purple flowers and bright red fruit.


moschatel

moschatel (countable and uncountable, plural moschatels)

From French moscatelline, from Low Latin moschatellina, from muscus (“musk”).

Adoxa moschatellina, a plant of the genus Adoxa, with pale green flowers and a musky smell.


primulaceous

(botany) Characteristic of the primrose and other plants of the family Primulaceae.


angel's trumpet

angel's trumpet (plural angel's trumpets)

Maurandya barclayana, an ornamental flowering plant.


podocarp

From podo- + Ancient Greek καρπός (karpós, “fruit”).

af

Any of several coniferous trees, of the genus Podocarpus, from the southern hemisphere.

podocarp

a genus of trees found in the southern hemisphere


Huon pine

Lagarostrobos franklinii, a conifer native to the wet southwestern corner of Tasmania, Australia; not a true pine.


brigalow

Perhaps from Gamilaraay burrii + plural suffix.

Any of various Australian acacia trees, especially Acacia harpophylla of New South Wales and Queensland.


streptocarpus

Any of several plants of the genus Streptocarpus; Cape primroses.


wellingtonia

From the original taxonomic name, Wellingtonia gigantea, which was invalid because "Wellingtonia" had already been used for another plant. Probably named for the Duke of Wellington, who died the year before.

Sequoiadendron giganteum
Sequoiadendron giganteum#Translingual

(UK) A large coniferous tree, Sequoiadendron giganteum, from California.


origanum

/ɒɹɪˈɡɒːnəm/

From the genus name. Doublet of oregano.

Any herbaceous plant of the genus Origanum


bunya pine

A tree (Araucaria bidwillii) native to south-east Queensland in Australia.


abutilon

From New Latin [Term?], from Arabic أَبُو طِيلُون (ʔabū ṭīlūn, “Indian mallow”).

der

أَبُو طِيلُون

Any of the various tropical flowering plants of the genus Abutilon, such as the flowering maple, Indian mallow, or Chinese lantern.


pipsissewa

Perhaps from Cree [script needed] (pipsissewa, “breaks (stones in the body) into small pieces”) (compare ᐲᐏᓷᐤ (piiwiswew, “she/he cuts pieces off someone”)), or perhaps from Abenaki [Term?] (kpipskwáhsawe, “flower of the woods”).

bor

Any of several evergreen plants, of the genus Chimaphila; the prince's pine; in particular, umbellate wintergreen (Chimaphila umbellata).


velvetleaf

en-noun

velvetleaf (usually uncountable, plural velvetleafs)

Any of several plants with a velvety leaf as a most notable feature.

Tree mallow (Malva eriocalyx), native to Europe.


waybread

waybread (countable and uncountable, plural waybreads)

From Middle English weybrede, from Old English weġbrǣde, weġbrāde (“waybread, plantain, dock”), equivalent to way + bread (“broadness, breadth”). Cognate with Scots waybred (“waybread”), Dutch weegbree (“waybread”), German Wegebreit (“waybread”), Danish vejbred (“waybread”), Swedish vägbreda (“waybread”).

Plantago major
Plantago major#Translingual


woollybutt

(Australia) Any of several types of eucalyptus that have a wooly or stringy bark


gloxinia

Any of the three species of South American plants of the genera Gloxinia in family Gesneriaceae.


lightwood

From light (“bright, pale”, adjective) + wood (noun).

affix

Any of various trees with pale-coloured wood, especially the Australian tree Acacia melanoxylon.


quickbeam

Inherited from Middle English *quykbeem, from Old English cwicbeam, from Proto-West Germanic *kwikubaum; equivalent to quick (“living”) + beam. Cognate to Old Saxon quikbōm, quekbōm.


quickthorn

The may-tree, any species of Crataegus or the species Crataegus monogyna.


pepperidge

en-noun

pepperidge (usually uncountable, plural pepperidges)

In America we want things different; hedge-rows full of bright-berried bushes and varied autumn colors; meadows full of pepperidges, liquidambars, and thorns[…].

1910, Samuel Parsons, Landscape Gardening Studies, page 63:

“There used to be a charming little house here on a heavily wooded lot, with pepperidge and cedar and some beech trees,” said Kevin Kobs, a longtime resident of the neighborhood who stopped to watch the last stages of the clearing and grading of a lot bought by a home builder last year.

2007 April 23, Paul Vitello, “Views Clash Among Neighbors as Builders Destroy Old for New”, in New York Times:

Simonds listed the plants brought in for this new area, mostly natives: elms, oaks, maples, ashes, lindens, cherries, hackberries, pepperidges, and hawthorns.

2008, Cathy Jean Maloney, Chicago Gardens: The Early History, page 161:

Nyssa sylvatica, a medium-sized deciduous tree of North America.


water oak

Some young people were out under the wateroaks playing croquet. Mr. Pontellier's two children were there—sturdy little fellows of four and five.

I recall a catbird high in the water oak above, swinging like a rag amid the branches, jabbering and screeching [...].

1967, William Styron, The Confessions of Nat Turner, Vintage, published 2004, page 200:

(chiefly Canada, US) Any of various hard oaks that grow near rivers or swamps, especially Quercus nigra, of the southern US.


harewood

stained sycamore maple wood, used in cabinet making


barrenwort

barrenwort (usually uncountable, plural barrenworts)

A herb, Epimedium alpinum, once thought to prevent conception


syringa

From Dutch or Middle Low German from Latin sȳrinx from Ancient Greek σῦριγξ (sûrinx, “pan pipes”).

der

Any of the several flowering plants of the genus Philadelphus, such as now in the Western United States Philadelphus lewisii.


crosne

Also called Chinese artichokes or chorogis, crosnes look like beetle larvae and taste like water chestnuts, but, in fact, they are tubers, in the mint family.

2004, Nick Paumgarten, “Little Giant”, in The New Yorker, volume 80, number 35, page 23:

Kumquat and crosnes round out the dish, fulfilling the apparent fancy restaurant obligation to marshal off-the-beaten-path ingredients.

2007 April 25, “Dining Briefs”, in New York Times:

A vegetable, of species Stachys affinis; a Chinese artichoke.


skunkweed

Any of several American plants that have an offensive odour, but especially Croton texensis and Polemonium viscosum.


sarracenia

Wikispecies sarracenia (canonical)
sarracenias (plural)

Derived from the name of Michel Sarrazin (1659–1734), a French physician and naturalist.

Any of various pitcher plants of genus Sarracenia.


Chinese cypress

en-noun

Chinese cypress (plural Chinese cypresses)

Cupressus duclouxiana, a conifer of the family Cupressaceae, found only in China.


amboyna

amboyna (countable and uncountable, plural amboynas)

Pterocarpus indicus
Pterocarpus indicus#Translingual

A south-east Asian tree, Pterocarpus indicus.


cowage

Mucuna pruriens
Mucuna pruriens#Translingual

A leguminous climbing plant, Mucuna pruriens, the spiculae of which are sometimes used as a mechanical vermifuge.


bladderwort

bladderwort (usually uncountable, plural bladderworts)

Any of many aquatic carnivorous plants, of the genus Utricularia, that have open bladders that trap minute insects and crustaceans.


boronia

The scent of lemon boronia is ushered by on a light breeze.

1999, Julia Leigh, The Hunter, Faber & Faber 2012, p. 82

Any of several aromatic herbs, of the genus Boronia, used in perfumery.


lemonwood

The flowering plant Calycophyllum candidissimum.


sessile oak

Quercus petraea
Quercus petraea#Translingual

A large deciduous tree, Quercus petraea.


carrotwood

An Australian soapberry tree, Cupaniopsis anacardioides


euonymus

Her father's euonymus shines as we walk,
And swing past the summer-house, buried in talk,
And cool the verandah that welcomes us in
To the six-o'clock news and a lime-juice and gin.

1945, John Betjeman (lyrics and music), “A Subaltern's Love Song”:

Any of many (often decorative) trees, shrubs and woody vines, of the genus Euonymus.

wintercreeper euonymus

spindle, Fortune's spindle, spreading euonymus


grevillea

Any of many Australian shrubs and trees of the genus Grevillea.

جريفيليا

any of many Australian shrubs and trees of the genus Grevillea


skyflower

Any of the South American shrubs of genus Duranta, having lilac flowers and yellow berries.


berberis

From the genus name. Doublet of barberry.

Any of very many evergreen or deciduous shrubs of the genus Berberis.


epimedium

Out in the front yard, a jumble of iris japonica, Chinese epimedium and carex leaves covers one wall, a plant wall experiment begun five years ago.

2007 May 3, Kristin Hohenadel, “All His Rooms Are Living Rooms”, in New York Times:

Any of the plants in the genus Epimedium.


lantana

From translingual Lantana (genus name), from (northern dialect) Italian lantana (“the wayfaring-tree, Viburnum lantana”).

der

The batwings, full of tulips in May, are now abloom with cosmos, angelonia and lantana.

2009 August 13, Anne Raver, “A Tapestry of Color, Unfolding All Year”, in New York Times:

Any member of the genus Lantana of perennial verbenas with aromatic flower clusters.


marshwort

A small, white-flowered plant, of the genus Apium, that grows in marshy habitats.


ceanothus

Any of the genus Ceanothus of North American buckthorns.


black maple

A variety of maple tree of eastern North America, Acer nigrum, closely related to the sugar maple, but with a darker bark and three-lobed leaves.


rock maple

From the hardness of its wood relative to the wood of other maples.

Acer saccharum
Acer saccharum#Translingual


hard maple

en-noun

hard maple (countable and uncountable, plural hard maples)


vine maple

From the spreading, twisting growth habit of its branches.

A relatively small maple (Acer circinatum), found in western North America, resembling the Japanese maple, often grown as an ornamental.


Japanese maple

Acer palmatum
Acer palmatum#Translingual

A species of maple, Acer palmatum, with great natural variety of appearance, often with reddish leaves for most of the year and multiple trunks, widely grown as an ornamental.


redbush

Calque of Afrikaans rooibos, red + bush.

Sitting in her ocher-walled office with its tin roof and itinerant chickens, Mma Ramotswe sips redbush tea and ponders the ethics of her cases: the wife who wants the detective to steal back the car her husband has stolen; the grief-stricken mother who, with Mma Ramotswe's deft application of a little blackmail, might be reunited with a young grandson.

2002 January 27, Alida Becker, “Miss Marple of Botswana”, in The New York Times:

I'm thinking I'm in for a sermon on decaffeinated redbush, or the antioxidant properties of organic camomile.

2014, Paula Daly, Keep Your Friends Close:

Herbal teas: redbush, rosehip tea, peppermint etc.

2015, Sarah Myhill, Sustainable Medicine: whistle-blowing on 21st century medical practice:


afrormosia

afrormosia (countable and uncountable, plural afrormosias)

(countable) Any of the African leguminous trees of the genus Pericopsis (formerly Afrormosia), especially Pericopsis elata


red huckleberry

red huckleberry (plural red huckleberries)

A deciduous shrub native to west coast of North America growing to 8-foot tall (Vaccinium parvifolium).


bishopsweed

Alternative form of bishop's weed (“Ammi majus, a plant with white lace-like flowers”)


marrowfat

Peas are scarce; good marrowfats are in better demand.

1842, Charles Mason Hovey, Magazine of Horticulture, Botany, and All Useful Discoveries, page 319:

A large variety of pea that is often processed and sold in tins/cans.


pittosporum

A genericization of translingual Pittosporum, from New Latin pittosporum, from Ancient Greek πίττα (pítta, “pitch”) + σπόρος (spóros, “seed, spore”), from the sticky resin surrounding its seeds.

Crimson and orange chats whistled from the heath of spinifex, pittosporums, mulga and eremophila scrubs growing along the sides of the lake.

2013, Alexis Wright, The Swan Book, Constable (2016), page 190:

Any plant of the genus Pittosporum, various Old World shrubs and trees.


Pacific silver fir

Pacific silver fir (plural Pacific silver firs)

A fir native to the coastal region of Pacific North America (Abies amabilis).


white fir

A North American species of fir tree (Abies concolor).


Fraser fir

Named after the Scottish botanist John Fraser (1750–1811), who made numerous botanical collections in the region.

A North American species of fir tree (Abies fraseri).


striped maple

striped maple (countable and uncountable, plural striped maples)

Acer pensylvanicum
Acer pensylvanicum#Translingual


moose maple

moose maple (countable and uncountable, plural moose maples)


mountain maple

mountain maple (countable and uncountable, plural mountain maples)


clarkia

From the genus Clarkia, after William Clark.

This annual plant resembles the clarkia so strongly that all godetias are now classified as clarkias. But we will mention them individually here because most seed catalogues still do the same.

1999, Hanneke Van Dijk, Encyclopedia of Border Plants, page 150:

Any of several annual flowering plants, of the genus Clarkia, native to the Americas.


honewort

From hone + wort, from hone (“a swelling”).

Either of two plants of the family Umbelliferae.

A perennial plant, Cryptotaenia canadensis, sometimes cultivated as a vegetable.

A small European plant, Trinia glauca, once thought to be a remedy for swellings.


arbute

arbute (countable and uncountable, plural arbutes)

(archaic, countable) The strawberry tree.


yellow locust

Robinia pseudoacacia
Robinia pseudoacacia#Translingual

(rare) black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)


diapensia

An evergreen arctic shrub, Diapensia lapponica.


camwood

camwood (countable and uncountable, plural camwoods)

An African hardwood tree, Baphia nitida, that is a form of sandalwood.


alpenrose

An evergreen alpine shrub, taxonomic name Rhododendron ferrugineum


myrobalan

/mʌɪˈɹɒbələn/

From Latin myrobalanum, myrobalanus (“ben nut”), from Ancient Greek μυροβάλανος (murobálanos), from μύρον (múron, “perfume”) + βάλανος (bálanos, “acorn”).

turbith, agaric, myrobolanes, hermodactyls, from the East Indies, tobacco from the West […].

1624, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: […] John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC, partition II, section 4, member 1, subsection ii:

A plum-like fruit from various trees of the genus Terminalia, formerly used in medicine and now in the dyeing industry; also, the tree itself.

Myrobalane

fruit from a tree of the genus Terminalia


agnus castus

From Ancient Greek ἄγνος (ágnos), confused with ἁγνός (hagnós, “chaste”) + by reinforcement Latin castus (“chaste”).

[…] some herbs provoke lust; some again, as agnus castus, waterlilly, quite extinguish seed […] .

Vitex agnus-castus
Vitex agnus-castus#Translingual

A tree, Vitex agnus-castus, formerly believed to preserve chastity.


watermilfoil

watermilfoil (countable and uncountable, plural watermilfoils)

At Augur Lake, where Mr. LaMere was hired to combat its Eurasian watermilfoil infestation, hundreds of sterile grass carp were released several years ago to eat the plants.

2007 June 12, Lisa W. Foderaro, “Battling a Nasty Green Invader From the Deep”, in New York Times:

Any of the freshwater plants of the genus Myriophyllum.


eugenia

(botany) Any member of the genus Eugenia of myrtaceous plants.


Queensland nut

The tree is native to parts of Queensland, Australia.


klinki pine

Araucaria hunsteinii, a very large fast-growing evergreen tree native to Papua New Guinea.


Nashi

A northeast wind which occurs in winter on the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf.


Nashi

Pyrus pyrifolia
Pyrus pyrifolia#Translingual

A fruit, the Nashi pear, Pyrus pyrifolia.


Nashi

Alternative form of Nakhi (“ethnic group”)


kaikomako

(New Zealand) Pennantia baylisiana, a rare tree of New Zealand.


ground-ivy

ground-ivy (usually uncountable, plural ground-ivies)

Glechoma hederacea
Glechoma hederacea#Translingual

Glechoma hederacea, an aromatic, perennial, evergreen creeper of the mint family Lamiaceae


kalmia

Borrowed from translingual Kalmia, from Swedish Kalm + translingual -ia, equivalent to Kalm + -ia.

Far in the dark old forest glades, / Where kalmias bloom around, / They had their place of youthful sport, / Their childhood's hunting-ground,— ...

1849, James Thomas Fields, “Children in Exile”, in Poems:

Bryanthus, a beautiful flowering heathwort, flourishes a few hundred feet above the timberline, accompanied with kalmia and spiraea.

Any plant in the taxonomic genus Kalmia.


chinquapin

Like its cognate / alternative form chinkapin, chinquapin is an alteration of chechinquamin / chincomen (the form found in early records), from an Algonquian language (sometimes said specifically to be from Powhatan). The final element is *mini (“berry, fruit”). Hewitt suggested that the first element was a word meaning "large, great" cognate to xinkw- (“big, large, great”).


black olive

An olive picked after it has ripened; as opposed to a green olive which is picked before ripening.


green olive

An olive picked before it has ripened; as opposed to a black olive which is picked after ripening.


urad

Borrowed from Hindi उड़द (uṛad), ultimately from Proto-Dravidian *uẓuntu

(botany, India cooking) Vigna mungo, a South Asian bean used to make dal.


swamp gum

Any of various species of Eucalyptus found in Australia.

Two years before, under the swamp-gum in their Mosman garden, away from the children's ears, they had talked of separating, but the discussion itself, conducted around mugs of coffee in those green and secure surroundings, had scared them out of it.

1983, Robert Drewe, The Bodysurfers, Penguin, published 2009, page 51:


bignonia

Any member of the genus Bignonia of flowering plants in the catalpa family.


kurrajong

From Dharug garrajung (“fishing line”), from the use made of the bark.

(Australia) A peanut tree, Sterculia quadrifida, native to eastern coastal Australia; a red- or orange-fruited kurrajong.


nardus

From Latin nardus, from Ancient Greek νάρδος (nárdos).


catjang

catjang (countable and uncountable, plural catjangs)

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) and occasionally catjangs or cow peas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) are grown along the Wahgi Valley (HIDE 1979:14).

1991, A. O. Latunde-Dada, Genetic Manipulation of the Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) for Enhanced Resistance ro Fungal Pathogens and Insect Pests, Nyle C. Brady (editor), Advances in Agronomy, Volume 44, page 134,
The Indian cultigroups of V. unguiculata ssp. unguiculata, namely, Biflora (the catjang bean) and Sesquipedalis (the yardlong or asparagus bean), arose probably by selection from the early cowpea domesticates (Faris, 1965).

2012, Tong Kwee Lim, Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants, Volume 2: Fruits, page 968,
Catjang bean is considered to have developed in India from cowpea (cultigroup Unguiculata) which originated in West Africa (Ng and Marechal 1985). Catjang is widely cultivated in India, China, Kampuchea, Japan, Korea, Laos, Vietnam, Africa and America.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata#Translingual

A cowpea native to Africa, Vigna unguiculata, sometimes Vigna unguiculata subsp. cylindrica, a densely-branched shrubby perennial grown for animal fodder or food.


mamey sapote

mamey sapote (usually uncountable, plural mamey sapotes)

Pouteria sapota
Pouteria sapota#Translingual

A species of fruit-bearing tree native to southern Mexico and northern South America, Pouteria sapota.


atemoya

A hybrid between a cherimoya and a sweetsop


oakbark

Some kinds of fish oils are similarly improved by vigorous agitation with oakbark infusion or other liquors containing tannin, conveniently effected by blowing a rapid current of steam through the whole: […]

1894, Charles Romley Alder Wright, chapter XI, in Animal and Vegetable Fixed Oils, Fats, Butters, and Waxes, page 263:

From 1 to 2 kg. (2-4 pounds) of oakbark are boiled in a few liters (quarts) of water and allowed to digest for about an hour, after which the mixture is filtered and the filtrate added to the bath.

1906, Ferdinand Frühwald, Reference Handbook of the Diseases of Children for Students and Physicians, page 424:

Rook […] went, to the fireplace, where once huge logs would have been burned. Felix […] unfastened one of the leather pouches attached to his belt and was setting out its contents on the hearth. There was a piece of flint, a short length of iron, oakbark dust and a ball of tinderwool.

2005, Paul Stewart, Chris Riddell, The Edge Chronicles: Vox, page 53:

One resident recalled that Norwood had "a musky, vinegary, railroady smell. It was a mixture of the smells of raw sheepskins and oakbark acid […] and coal smoke, and it was a characteristic of the town."

2008, Patricia J. Fanning, Through an uncommon lens: the life and photography of F. Holland Day, →ISBN, pages 18–19:

The bark of the oak tree, often specifically as a source of tannic acid; tan.


lignum vitae

lignum vitae (countable and uncountable, plural lignum vitaes)

From Latin lignum (“wood”) vitae (“of life”).

(countable) guaiacum trees, of species Guaiacum officinale and Guaiacum sanctum.


guaje

Borrowed from Spanish guaje, from Classical Nahuatl huāxin.


cicely

cicely (usually uncountable, plural cicelies)

From Latin seselis, from Ancient Greek σέσελις (séselis).

Myrrhis odorata
Myrrhis odorata#Translingual

Myrrhis odorata, a plant in the genus Myrrhis, in the family Apiaceae.

sweetroot, any of several plants in the genus Osmorhiza.


chana

chana (usually uncountable, plural chanas)


blue bugle

Ajuga reptans
Ajuga reptans#Translingual

Either of two herbaceous flowering plants.


white beech

Fagus grandifolia
Fagus grandifolia#Translingual

American beech (Fagus grandifolia), of the eastern US and Atlantic coastal Canada.


American beech

American beech (plural American beeches)

A native American beech; Fagus grandifolia.


plumcot

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-plumcot.wav

These fruits are in season now, along with the plumcot, 50 percent plum and 50 percent apricot, which has been sold on a limited basis until now.

2007 July 11, Florence Fabricant, “Food Stuff”, in New York Times:

He also sent us specimens of what he calls the "plumcot" — a cross between the plum and the apricot.

1898, Report/Maryland State Horticultural Society:


makebate

From make + bate (“strife, contention, quarrel”).

com

Chrysojasminum fruticans
Chrysojasminum fruticans#Translingual

Jasminum fruticans
Jasminum fruticans#Translingual

A plant, bush jasmine (Chrysojasminum fruticans, syn. Jasminum fruticans).


godetia

From translingual Godetia, a former genus name and now a basionym, having been reused as a section name.

Any of several flowering plants of the taxonomic section of Clarkia, Clarkia sect. Godetia.


heuchera

Silver plants bring out the colors of everything else: purple gomphrenas, lime-green nicotianas, the apricot leaves of Caramel, a tough heuchera that can take humidity.

2007 August 16, Anne Raver, “A Connecticut Hillside of Feisty Beauties”, in New York Times:

Any of the genus Heuchera of herbaceous perennial plants; coral bells, alumroot.