spignel

spignel (countable and uncountable, plural spignels)

Berlin Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum

Either:
* an alteration of Middle English spigurnel (“unidentified broomlike flowering plant with medicinal uses”) [and other forms], borrowed from Anglo-Norman spigurnel, spigurnelle, and Anglo-Latin spigurnella, further etymology unknown; or
* from spike + nail, because of the shape of its capillary leaves.

nb...

spigernel, spigernell, spigornol, spigurnelle, spikernel, sprigonell, spygernel, spygornoll, spygurnell, spykernell

I would gladly cõſẽt to thẽ yͭ holde yͭ yͤ herbe wich is called of the apothecaries feniculũ tortuoſum⸝ of yͤ Northẽ Engliſhe mẽ ſpiknel⸝ of the Duche mẽ berwurtz⸝ is yͤ true mew, if yͭ I could fynd any ſpicknel or berwurtz yͭ were of ij. cubites hygh. […] [W]here as the Mew of Mattiolus⸝ yͤ berwurtz of Germany & yͤ ſpiknel of Englãd (which peraduẽture was ones called Spiknard) haue a rough thyng like to the Iudiſh Spiknarde in the hygheſt parte of the root⸝ out of whiche the ſtalke cõmeth firſt furth⸝ the mew of Amatus hath yͤ ſame rough tuht lyke Spiknarde⸝ as he writeth in infirma parte⸝ in the loweſt parte of the roote⸝ which thyng if it be ſo⸝ neither Matthiolus nor I know the ryght mew; […]

1562, Wylliam Turner [i.e., William Turner], “Of the Herbe Called Meon or Mew”, in The Second Parte of Guilliam Turners Herball⸝ […], Cologne: […] Arnold Birckman, →OCLC, folio 56, verso:

I would gladly consent to them that hold that the herb which is called of the apothecaries feniculum tortuosum, of the Northern Englishmen spiknel, of the Dutchmen berwurtz, is the true mew, if that I could find any spicknel or berwurtz that were of two cubits high. […] [W]hereas the mew of Matthiolus [Pietro Andrea Mattioli], that berwurtz of Germany and that spiknel of England (which peradventure was once called spikenard) have a rough thing like to the Judish spikenard in the highest part of the root, out of which the stalk cometh first forth, the mew of Amatus [Amatus Lusitanus?] hath the same rough tuft like spikenard, as he writeth in infirma parte, in the lowest part of the root, which thing if it be so, neither Matthiolus nor I know the right mew; […]

The ſhops of the Low countries haue miſcalled it in times paſt by the name of Meum, & vſed it for the right Mew or Spiknell woort.

1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Wilde Parsley”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book II, page 867, column 2:

Meu or Spicknell is not found in Italy, unleſſe it be in ſome Phyſicians garden, and thoſe are very few that ſow or ſet it.

1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XX.] Of Meu, and Fenell, as well Gentle, Named Fœniculum; as Wild, which is Called Hippomarathrum, or Myrsineum: Of Hempe, and Fenell-geant: And of Thistles and Artichoux.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 77:

The Roots of common Spignel do ſpread much and deep in the ground, many ſtrings or branches growing from one Head which is hairy at the top, of a blackiſh brown colour on the outſide and white within, ſmelling well, and of an Aromatical taſt, from whence riſe ſundry long ſtalks of moſt fine cut Leaves like hairs, ſmaller than Dill, ſet thick on both ſides of the Stalks, and of a good ſcent. […] Galen ſaith, The Roots of Spignel are available to provoke Urine and Womans Courſes, but if too much thereof be taken it cauſeth Headach: […]

1652, Nich[olas] Culpeper, “Spignel”, in The English Physitian: Or An Astrologo-physical Discourse of the Vulgar Herbs of This Nation. […], London: […] Peter Cole, […], →OCLC, page 222, column 1:

Mew, Spiknel, wild Dill, an Herb with a Stalk and Leaves like Anis: It is good to expel Wind, and to force Urine; as alſo for Mother-fits, Gripes, &c.

1706, Edward Phillips, compiler, J[ohn] K[ersey the younger], “Meu or Meum”, in The New World of Words: Or, Universal English Dictionary. […], 6th edition, London: […] J. Phillips, […]; N. Rhodes, […]; and J. Taylor, […], →OCLC, column 2:

MEW, the Herb call'd alſo Spikenel and wild Dill.

1726, N[athan] Bailey, “MEW”, in An Universal Etymological English Dictionary: […], 3rd edition, London: […] J. Darby, […], →OCLC, column 1:

The Root ſpreadeth divers long Strings, blackiſh without, like the Meum, or Spicknel, and abideth many Years.

1728, R[ichard] Bradley, “Apium Sylvestre sive Thysselinum. Wild Milk Parsley.”, in Dictionarium Botanicum: Or, A Botanical Dictionary for the Use of the Curious in Husbandry and Gardening. […], volume I, London: […] T. Woodward […], and J. Peele […], →OCLC, column 2:

MEUM, […] Spignel.

1733, Philip Miller, “MEUM”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 2:

Roots are more generally odorous than the stems of plants, which is owing to an essential oil. Thus, ginger, horse radish, valerian, spignel, and sweet cicely, are pungent and aromatic; the root of white hellebore is bitter and nauseous.

[1840], William Rhind, “The Roots of Plants”, in A History of the Vegetable Kingdom; Embracing the Physiology, Classification, and Culture of Plants, […], Glasgow, Edinburgh: Blackie & Son, […], →OCLC, page 18:

The root of the gout-weed (Ægopodium), of the meum or spignel, and of the sea-holly (Eryngium), have all of them been held in esteem for their aromatic stimulant properties.

1854, Spencer Thomson, “A Few Words on the Economic Properties of British Wild Plants”, in Wanderings among the Wild Flowers: How to See and How to Gather Them. […], London: Groombridge & Sons, […], →OCLC, page 306:

[T]he quacks who sell Mithridatic Lovage for Spignel deserve to be shown up.

1947, Charles E[arle] Raven, “William How and Christopher Merret”, in English Naturalists from Neckham to Ray: A Study of the Making of the Modern World, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: University Press, →OCLC, part D (The Explorers), page 299:

Croft Muickan […] from Creit Mhuiceann[…], croft of baldmoneys or spignels.

1984, Adam Watson, Elizabeth Allan, “Croft Muickan”, in The Place Names of Upper Deeside, Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, →ISBN, page 65, column 1:

Spignel (Meum athamanticum;[…]) is a characteristic species of many meadows of less fertile sites at higher altitudes.

1989, A. Reif, “The Vegetation of the Fichtelgebirge: Origin, Site Conditions, and Present Status”, in Ernst-Detlef Schulze, Otto L[udwig] Lange, Ram Oren, editors, Forest Decline and Air Pollution: A Study of Spruce (Pica abies) on Acid Soils (Ecological Studies; 77), Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, →DOI, →ISBN, caption of figure 7, page 17:

Furthermore there was a garden, shining with different herbs, / in whose midst there was a limpid spring with fresh / water. With its water it nourished here garlic with spignels, / Cabbage, cress and turnips through an irrigating ditch.

2007, Sylvester Johannis Phrygius, “The Ecloga prima Print”, in Peter Sjökvist, transl., The Early Latin Poetry of Sylvester Johannis Phrygius […] (Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis: Studia Latina Upsaliensia [Journal of Uppsala University: Uppsala Latin Studies]; 31), Uppsala: Uppsala Universitet, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 107, lines 18–20:

You pluck a goose while it yet lives, then you butter and lard it well. A duck will do, but there's more meat on a goose. You set it within a ring of fires, supplied with a bowl of water with salt and spikenel in it.

2015, Penelope Wilcock, chapter 5, in The Beautiful Thread (The Hawk & the Dove Series), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Lion Fiction, Lion Hudson, published 2016, →ISBN, page 140:

The spignel called Athamantic grows lavishly in Macedonia and Spain. In stalk and leaves it resembles the dill, but it is stouter than dill, shooting up to a height of about two cubits, spreading over its roots, which are delicate, horizontal and straight, long, aromatic, and warming the tongue.

2017, Pedanius Dioscorides of Anazarbus, “Book I”, in Lily Y. Beck, transl., De materia medica (Altertumswissenschaftliche Texte und Studien [Classical Texts and Studies]; 38), 3rd edition, Hildesheim, Lower Saxony: Olms Weidmann, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 7:

Mū (spicknel). I never met anyone who knew it and I have never seen a vernacular name for it. I myself think that it is the plant called in the vernacular mwr'nh. […] Mū is an Arabicized form of the Greek μῆον, the name of spicknel (baldmoney; Meum athamanticum Jacq., Apiaceae).

2020, Marwān ibn Janāḥ [i.e., Jonah ibn Janah], “mīm”, in translated by Gerrit Bos and Fabian Käs, edited by Gerrit Bos, Fabian Käs, Mailyn Lübke, and Guido Mensching, On the Nomenclature of Medicinal Drugs (Kitāb al-Talkhīṣ) (Islamic History and Civilization; 170), volume 2, Leiden, Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, paragraph 561 (folio 511;17–v,8), page 731:

Meum athamanticum
Meum athamanticum#Translingual

Meum athamanticum, an ornamental plant in the Apiaceae family found in mountain areas in Central and Western Europe, with roots and feathery leaves used as food and for medicinal purposes.


thuja

From taxonomic New Latin Thuja, from Ancient Greek θυία (thuía).

She walked among the thuja trees in the garden and wept: over the book, over her children, over her lost country.

2015, Rosemary Sullivan, Stalin's Daughter, →ISBN, page 305:


meliaceous

Mahogany is a meliaceous plant.

(botany) Of or relating to the family Meliaceae of plants of mahogany and its close relatives.


rutaceous

From Latin rutaceus, from ruta (“rue”). See rue (“the plant”).

(botany) Of or relating to plants of the family Rutaceae.


catsfoot

From cat's + foot. For its obsolete figurative sense, see cat's-paw.

...like the Monkey, that took the Cat's Foot to pull the Chesnut out of the Fire...

c. 1661, Argyle's Last Will in The Harleian Miscellany, Vol. VIII, p. 30

Synonym of cat's-paw: a foot of a cat; (figurative, obsolete) a person used unwittingly or through trickery by another.

cat's-paw

It is commonly called […] in English ground Iuie, Alehoofe, Gill creepe by ground, Tunehoofe, and Cats foote.

1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Ground Iuie, or Alefoot”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book II, page 705:

Glechoma hederacea
Glechoma hederacea#Translingual

Synonym of ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea).

...an Infusion made with the Heads of White Poppies, Cat's-foot, Colt's-foot, and Maiden-hair.

1739, Henri François Le Dran, translated by John Sparrow, Observations in Surgery, page 119:

mountain cudweed
w:en:mountain everlasting

Antennaria dioica
Antennaria dioica#Translingual

Synonym of mountain cudweed (Antennaria dioica).


amber seed

Abelmoschus moschatus
Abelmoschus moschatus#Translingual

The seed of the musk mallow, Abelmoschus moschatus, formerly Hibiscus abelmoschus, somewhat resembling millet; musk seed.


alizari

en-noun

alizari (countable and uncountable, plural alizaris)

From French alizari (“madder root (commercial name)”), from Greek αλιζάρι (alizári, “madder”), from Ottoman Turkish آلاجهری (ala cehri).

bor

the able Holland merchants dispersed it in all the markets of Europe , after they had mixed it with the alizaris of Levant

1849, United States. Dept. of Agriculture, Annual Reports of the Department of Agriculture:

(archaic) The madder of the Levant; wild madder (Rubia peregrina).


checkerbloom

Any of the flowering plants in the genus Sidalcea.


soldanel

(dated) A snowbell (plant of the genus Soldanella, of the primrose family).


cowish

An umbelliferous plant (Lomatium cous) with edible tuberous roots, found in Oregon, USA.


sweetsop

Annona squamosa
Annona squamosa#Translingual


phasel

From Latin phaselus, phaseolus, from Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “a kind of bean”). Compare French phaséole, faséole, English fesels.

der

(obsolete) The French bean, or kidney bean.


cascara sagrada

/kaˌskɑː.ɹə səˈɡɹɑː.də/

/kæˌskɛɹ.ə səˈɡɹɑ.də/

Borrowed from Spanish cáscara sagrada (“sacred bark”).

The tree from which cascara is obtained (Rhamnus purshiana), native to western North America.


slash pine

Named after the "slashes" – swampy ground overgrown with trees and bushes – that constitute its habitat.

Pinus elliottii, a pine tree native to the southeastern United States.


bishop's-wort

Nigella damascena
Nigella damascena#Translingual

fennel flower or devil-in-the-bush (Nigella damascena)


culverkey

a girl cropping culverkeys and cowslips, all to make garlands

1653, Iz[aak] Wa[lton], The Compleat Angler or The Contemplative Man’s Recreation. Being a Discourse of Fish and Fishing, […], London: […] T. Maxey for Rich[ard] Marriot, […], →OCLC; reprinted as The Compleat Angler (Homo Ludens; 6), Nieuwkoop, South Holland, Netherlands: Miland Publishers, 1969, →ISBN:

(obsolete) An English meadow plant, perhaps the columbine or the bluebell squill (Hyacinthoides non-scripta).


gatten tree

Viburnum opulus
Viburnum opulus#Translingual

Cornus sanguinea
Cornus sanguinea#Translingual

Euonymus europaeus
Euonymus europaeus#Translingual

(obsolete) Any of various small trees: the guelder rose (Viburnum opulus), cornel (Cornus sanguinea), and spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus).


sissoo

en-noun

sissoo (countable and uncountable, plural sissoos)

From Hindi [Term?] / Urdu [Term?]. Doublet of shisham.

There was a huge tree near Minoti's house. It was a Sissoo tree.

2011, Arupa Patangia Kalita, translated by Deepika Phukan, The Story of Felanee:

Dalbergia sissoo
Dalbergia sissoo#Translingual

A leguminous tree (Dalbergia sissoo) of northern India.


dictamnus

(botany) A suffrutescent plant, Dictamnus albus (usually considered as the only species in the genus, until Dictamnus dasycarpus turned up), with strong perfume and showy flowers.


flower-fence

So named from its having been sometimes used for hedges in the West Indies.

Barbadoes flower-fence. Parkinsonia and Poinciana.

1858, William Baird, The Student's Natural History:

Caesalpinia pulcherrima
Caesalpinia pulcherrima#Translingual

A tropical leguminous bush (Caesalpinia pulcherrima, syn. Poinciana pulcherrima) with prickly branches and showy yellow or red flowers.


sea fennel

Crithmum maritimum
Crithmum maritimum#Translingual


hognut

(US) A pignut or hickory tree (Carya glabra of family Juglandaceae).

Bunium bulbocastanum
Bunium bulbocastanum#Translingual

Black cumin of family Apiaceae. (Bunium bulbocastanum).


alligator pear

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-alligator pear.wav

The "alligator" is likely an alteration of Spanish aguacate, perhaps influenced by the similarity in texture between the skin of the fruit and of an alligator.

There was a tree just behind which bore alligator pears, and all about were the cocoa-nuts which gave the land its revenue.

1919, W[illiam] Somerset Maugham, “chapter 52”, in The Moon and Sixpence, [New York, N.Y.]: Grosset & Dunlap Publishers […], →OCLC:

(dialectal, now chiefly Caribbean and Southern US, especially Louisiana) An avocado.


ople tree

in English Matish Elder , and Whitten tree , Ople tree, and Dwarffe Plane tree

1597, John Gerard, The Herball Or Generall Historie of Plantes:


adragant

From French, a corruption of tragacanth. Doublet of tragacanth.

From the second Sort Monsieur Tournefort says, the Gum Adragant or Dragon is produced in Crete; of which he gives the following Relation in his Voyage to the Levant :
“We had (says he) the Satisfaction
“of fully observing the Gum
“Adragant […]

1741, Philip Miller, The Gardener's Dictionary:

3. Gum adragant.—The gum adragant […] flows from the adragant of Crete, a small shrub […]

1800, Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal, translated by W. Nicholson, Elements of Chemistry ... Translated from the French. The third edition, page 39:

Make a color composed of brown red, and a little flat, or Venetian lake, previously grinded with gum adragant. Then, with a largish brush, take of that color and asperse your oiled marble with it, by striking the handle of the brush on your wrist, ...

1795, American Antiquarian Cookbook Collection, One Thousand Valuable Secrets, in the Elegant and Useful Arts: Collected from the Practice of the Best Artists and Containing an Account of the Various Methods, Andrews McMeel Publishing, →ISBN:


cassidony

Compare Latin cassidonium, French cassidoine. See chalcedony.

Lavandula stoechas
Lavandula stoechas#Translingual

goldilocks (Galatella linosyris, syn. Aster linosyris) and perhaps other plants related to the genus Gnaphalium or cudweed.


cacoon

The bean-like seed of a tropical vine (Entada rheedei), used as a hallucinogen and in traditional medicine, and made into jewelry.


grenadilla

grenadilla (countable and uncountable, plural grenadillas)

On these plains, too, you will find the bushy oleander, many varieties of Jerusalem thorn and African rose, the bright scarlet of the cordium, bowers of jessamine, vines of grenadilla, and the silver and silky leaves of the portlandia.

1852, Mrs. David Osborne, The World of Waters:

African blackwood, a tree of species Dalbergia melanoxylon, found in Africa, valued for its timber.


sea holm

sea holm (countable and uncountable, plural sea holms)


bonduc

From French bonduc, from Arabic بُنْدُق (bunduq, “hazelnut, pebble, bullet”), from Middle Persian 𐭐𐭍𐭃𐭊 (pondik, “hazelnut”), from Ancient Greek Ποντικόν κάρυον (Pontikón káruon, “Pontic nut”). Doublet of bundook.

der

Ποντικόν κάρυον


sapucaia

A Brazilian tree, the monkey pot (any of several species in the genus Lecythis).

sapucaia

any of several trees in the genus Lecythis


peloria

From New Latin peloria (“mutant, especially mutant toadflax”), from Ancient Greek πέλωρ (pélōr, “monster”) + -ία (-ía, “-ia, -y: forming abstract nouns”) and Latin -ia (“-ia: forming neuter plurals”).

der

(botany) abnormal regularity; the state of certain flowers, which, being naturally irregular, have become regular through a symmetrical repetition of the special irregularity


sesban

Borrowed from French sesban, from Arabic سَيْسَبَان (saysabān).

The sesban belongs to the pulse family which contains a number of poisonous plants like the lupine, rattle-box loco weed, etc.

1919, Veterinary Medicine, volume 14, page 246:

A leguminous shrub (Sesbania aculeata or others of the genus Sesbania), whose fiber can be used for making ropes.


sumbal

en-noun

sumbal (usually uncountable, plural sumbals)


muskroot

Plants of genus Adoxa (moschatel), especially species Adoxa moschatellina, found in most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere.


willow-weed

willow-weed (countable and uncountable, plural willow-weeds)

Any kind of Polygonum with willow-like foliage.


apple-berry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-apple-berry.wav

A vine or low shrub native to Australia, Billardiera scandens in the taxonomic family Pittosporaceae, which bears edible fruits said to taste like stewed apples.


abilo

Borrowed from Tagalog abilo (“Garuga abilo”).

Bogo; a Philippine fruit tree, Garuga floribunda, from the family Burseraceae.


abscess root

A perennial, blue-flowered herb from the eastern United States, Polemonium reptans.


hop hornbeam

hop hornbeam (countable and uncountable, plural hop hornbeams)

From the resemblance of the fruit to hops. See hornbeam.

Ostrya virginiana
Ostrya virginiana#Translingual

A tree of the species Ostrya virginiana (American hophornbeam).


jubarb

From the French joubarbe, jousbarbe, from the Latin Iovis barba (“Jove's beard”).


Calabar bean

From its ancient use in trial by ordeal in the Calabar region of Nigeria.

A seed of a tropical leguminous plant of species Physostigma venenosum of tropical Africa, poisonous to humans.


ordeal bean

It was formerly used by the natives in trials for witchcraft.


umeboshi

From Japanese 梅干 (umeboshi, “dried plum”).


Urbaniste

The tree was found in the garden of the Urbanistes monastery in Mechelen, Belgium.


poison oak

poison oak (usually uncountable, plural poison oaks)

Its leaves resemble those of the true oaks, and the leaves and twigs contain urushiol, which can cause allergic reactions.

Any of the species of Toxicodendron with compound leaves having three oak-like leaflets, native to North America.


Lima wood

The handsome dark wood of the South American tree Caesalpinia echinata.


soapwood

soapwood (usually uncountable, plural soapwoods)

Dodonaea viscosa
Dodonaea viscosa#Translingual

Dodonaea viscosa, a flowering plant in the soapberry family.


shore pine

Pinus contorta
Pinus contorta#Translingual


shore plum

A tree, Prunus maritima, bearing small plums, found along the US Atlantic coast from Maine to Maryland.


London pride

London pride (countable and uncountable, plural London prides)

A perennial saxifragaceous plant (Saxifraga × urbium, a hybrid of Saxifraga umbrosa and Saxifraga spathularis) that has a basal rosette of leaves and pinkish-white flowers.


table apple

Any apple cultivar grown for eating raw, rather than for use in cooking or cider-making.


lion's leaf

Leontice leontopetalum
Leontice leontopetalum#Translingual

Leontice leontopetalum, a flowering plant of the Eastern Mediterranean containing saponins in all its parts


algaroba

Borrowed from Spanish algarroba, from Andalusian Arabic الخَرُّوبَة (al-ḵarrūba), from Arabic خَرُّوب (ḵarrūb, “carob”).

der

The honey mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), a small tree found from California to Buenos Aires.


ruddock

From Middle English ruddocke, ruddok, roddok, from Old English rudduc, ruduc (“robin, ruddock”, literally “little red one, red-ling”), equivalent to rud (“redness”) + -ock (diminutive suffix). The Welsh rhuddog, and Cornish rudhek (“the redbreast”) are probably from the English, although a derivation from a British Celtic *roudākos (< *roudos "red") for all three cannot be ruled out. More at rud.

suffix

(obsolete) A variety of red apple, used for cidermaking.


turtlehead

en-noun

turtlehead (countable and uncountable, plural turtleheads)

From turtle + head, from the shape of the flower.

A white turtlehead, an American perennial herb (Chelone glabra) with white flowers.


galium

From the genus name, from Ancient Greek γάλα (gála, “milk”).

(botany) Any of the genus Galium of annual and perennial herbaceous plants, including the bedstraws.


grass tree

A New Zealand shrub of the genus Dracophyllum, that grows up to 12 m high and found throughout in drier climates and at higher altitudes, with slender erect or spreading branches. Rigid, leathery grass-like leaves are usually crowded towards the tip of the branchlets. Also called spiderwood.


Indian pipe

Indian pipe (countable and uncountable, plural Indian pipes)

A white myco-heterotrophic herb, Monotropa uniflora, of the family Ericaceae.


ghost plant

ghost plant (countable and uncountable, plural ghost plants)

A toxic white myco-heterotrophic herb, Monotropa uniflora, of the family Ericaceae.


corpse plant

corpse plant (countable and uncountable, plural corpse plants)


blue cohosh

blue cohosh (countable and uncountable, plural blue cohoshes)

A perennial American herb (Caulophyllum thalictroides), the root of which is used in medicine.


galbulus

A fleshy seed-producing cone of junipers and cypresses


holly-leaved cherry

holly-leaved cherry (plural holly-leaved cherries)

Prunus ilicifolia
Prunus ilicifolia#Translingual

A species of cherry native to California, Prunus ilicifolia.


lion's ear

Any of various plants with shaggy tomentose leaves

species of Culcitium and Espeletia in Western South America

Leonurus cardiaca and Leonotis nepetifolia, both native to Africa, but grown widely as herbal remedies.


elephant tree

A distinctive shrub or small tree native to northern Mexico and the farthest southern edge of California and Arizona (Bursera microphylla), having a smooth-skinned, bulging round trunk reminiscent of an elephant's trunk or legs.


goutwort

goutwort (usually uncountable, plural goutworts)

Aegopodium podagraria
Aegopodium podagraria#Translingual


lamiaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Lamiaceae of mint and its close relatives.


lion's tail

Leonotis leonurus, a broadleaf evergreen shrub with medicinal and psychoactive properties.


aspalathus

From Latin aspalathus, from Ancient Greek ἀσπάλαθος (aspálathos).

Any of the genus Aspalathus of flowering plants.


sassy bark

The bark of a West African leguminous tree (Erythrophleum suaveolens), used by the natives as an ordeal poison in a process called sassywood, and also medicinally.


bear's-paw

A large bivalve mollusc of the East Indies (Hippopus hippopis).


cammock

cammock (countable and uncountable, plural cammocks)

From Middle English cammok (“Ononis repens; Peucedanum officinale; Rhamnus cathartica”), from Old English cammoc.

inh

Scandix pecten-veneris
Scandix pecten-veneris#Translingual


rocoa

Bixa orellana
Bixa orellana#Translingual

The orange-coloured pulp covering the seeds of the tropical plant Bixa orellana, from which annatto is prepared.


hophornbeam

Any species of the genus Ostrya, with exceptionally dense wood and hop-like fruit.


fetterbush

Any of several heathlike shrubs, especially in species:


tacamahac

en-noun

tacamahac (countable and uncountable, plural tacamahacs)

From Spanish, from Nahuatl thecomahaca, to use the spelling of Hernandez 1614.
In European languages there was contamination between tacamahac and various Algonquian words containing the final Proto-Algonquian *-a·xkw- (“hardwood or deciduous tree”), including the sources of tamarack and hackmatack, as was already recognized by Chamberlain 1902.

der

A bitter balsamic resin or resinous exudation obtained from tropical American trees of the family Burseraceae (Bursera tomentosa and Icica tacamahaca), from East Indian trees of the genus Calophyllum, or from the balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera).

Any tree yielding tacamahac resin, especially, in North America, the balsam poplar or balm of Gilead (Populus balsamifera).


deer's tongue

L. odoratissima Willd. VANILLA-PLANT. DEER'S-TONGUE.

1861, Alphonso Wood, A class-book of botany […] :

A plant native to the southeastern US, Trilisa odoratissima, whose fleshy leaves give out a fragrance resembling vanilla.

A not closely related plant native to the northwestern US and western Canada, Achlys triphylla, which also has a vanilla-like fragrance.


date plum

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-date plum.wav

The fruit of several species of Diospyros, including the American (D. virginiana) and Japanese persimmons (D. kaki) , and the European lotus (D. lotus)


English oak

en-noun

English oak (countable and uncountable, plural English oaks)

Quercus robur
Quercus robur#Translingual

(countable, uncountable) A tree of the species Quercus robur, native to most of Europe, and to Anatolia to the Caucasus, and also to parts of North Africa.


turkey oak

From the resemblance of the leaves to the feet of the turkey.

Any of several oaks that grow on dry, sandy barrens.

Quercus laevis, of the southeastern U.S.

Quercus incana, of the southern U.S., from Texas through the Piedmont to Virginia


Italian oak

Quercus frainetto
Quercus frainetto#Translingual

Quercus frainetto, a species of oak native to southeastern Europe (parts of Italy, the Balkans, parts of Hungary, Romania) and Turkey.

shpardh

Quercus frainetto, an oak native to southeastern Europe


suicide tree

(botany) Cerbera odollam, a tree native to India and other parts of Southern Asia, yielding a potent poison.


shinhopple

(dated) The hobblebush (Viburnum lantanoides).


incense cedar

Any of the species of coniferous trees of the genus Calocedrus, with fragrant wood.


cedrol

cedrol (countable and uncountable, plural cedrols)

(organic chemistry) A sesquiterpene alcohol found in the essential oil of conifers (cedar oil), especially in the cypress and juniper.


oakwood

oakwood (countable and uncountable, plural oakwoods)

From Old English āc wudu; equivalent to oak + wood.

He says moreover the Earl of Galloway had an oakwood of three miles extent along the Cree, whence a great part of Wigtonshire is supplied with timber[…]

1824, George Chalmers, Caledonia, volume 3, page 280:

She stood there for a moment, entirely alone in the dreaming oakwoods […]

(countable) A wood populated with oak trees.


pinguicula

(botany) Any of the genus Pinguicula of butterworts.


hoarwithy

Viburnum lantana
Viburnum lantana#Translingual


wayfaring-tree

Coined c. 1597 by John Gerard, English herbalist. The plant is common along waysides in hedgerows, as might be passed by wayfarers.

(botany) A much-branched European shrub of large size (Viburnum lantana), with dense cymes of small white flowers, the foliage and young shoots thickly covered with soft mealy down.


bean sprout

(chiefly in the plural) A sprout of any of several other species of bean


yellow bird's-nest

yellow bird's-nest (plural yellow bird's-nests)

Monotropa hypopitys
Monotropa hypopitys#Translingual

An epiparasitic plant, Monotropa hypopitys.


black drink

black drink (usually uncountable, plural black drinks)

A tea-like drink made by Native Americans, and then by other peoples, having exhilarant and diuretic properties, thought to have been brewed with Ilex vomitoria (yaupon) or Ilex cassine leaves.


sea-purse

Named because it is shaped like a small purse.

The egg case of skate, shark or ratfish; a mermaid's purse.


kooyah

Borrowed from Shoshone kuya (“tobacco root, Valeriana edulis”).

bor+

(US, Great Basin and Northwestern dialects) Valeriana edulis, or the large, internally bright yellow, edible root of this plant, which tastes and smells like tobacco until cooked, when it becomes sweet.


andromeda

en-noun

andromeda (countable and uncountable, plural andromedas)


aphelandra

Any of the tropical evergreen shrubs in the genus Aphelandra

afelandra

any of the tropical evergreen shrubs in the genus Aphelandra


ghost gum

Arkady's job was to identify the ‘traditional landowners’ […] and to get them to reveal which rock or soak or ghost-gum was the work of a Dreamtime hero.

1987, Bruce Chatwin, The Songlines, Vintage, published 1998, page 4:

What Norm could do with stories he had practised down to a fine art and glued it to surviving relics, like the still-to-be-found fire-gutted ghost gum willed by providence to the families' memories of Westside […].

2006, Alexis Wright, Carpentaria, Giramondo, published 2012, page 102:

Any of various Australian evergreen trees of the genus Corymbia, especially Corymbia papuana.


wankapin

Nelumbo lutea
Nelumbo lutea#Translingual

(rare, US, dialect) Nelumbo lutea, the American lotus, the water chinkapin.


ayocote

From Spanish ayocote, from Nahuatl ayocotl.

Phaseolus coccineus
Phaseolus coccineus#Translingual


fabacean

Of or pertaining to the family Fabaceae.


harefoot

From Middle English hare-fot, equivalent to hare + foot. Compare Old English haran hiġe (“hare's-foot (plant)”).

cog

A long, narrow foot, carried (that is, produced or extending) forward, as in dogs.


Seville orange

DON PEDRO. Why, how now, count! wherefore are you sad?
CLAUDIO. Not sad, my lord.
DON PEDRO. How then? Sick?
CLAUDIO. Neither, my lord.
BEATRICE. The count is neither sad, nor sick, nor merry, nor well; but civil count, civil as an orange, and something of that jealous complexion.

1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:

In Seville was he born, a pleasant city,
Famous for oranges and women—he
Who has not seen it will be much to pity,
So says the proverb—and I quite agree;

1819 July 15, [Lord Byron], Don Juan, London: […] Thomas Davison, […], →OCLC, canto I, (please specify the stanza number):

1847, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Castles in Spain
The softer Andalusian skies
Dispelled the sadness and the gloom;
There Cadiz by the seaside lies,
And Seville's orange-orchards rise,
Making the land a paradise
Of beauty and of bloom.

Eau de Naphre, Eau le Naphe, Fr.; Aqua naphæ, L. This article is distilled in Languedoc from the leaves of the bigarade, or bitter-orange tree, but the preparation sold in England under this name is often prepared as follows: —Orange flowers, 7 lbs.; fresh yellow peel of the bigarade or Seville orange, […]

1880, Arnold Cooley, Richard Tuson, Cooley's Practical Receipts, volume II:

Citrus aurantium
Citrus aurantium#Translingual

The bitter orange: a tree and fruit of the species Citrus aurantium.


sops of wine

An old European variety of apple, of a yellow and red colour, shading to deep red.


Campeachy wood

en-noun

Campeachy wood (countable and uncountable, plural Campeachy woods)

First exported from Campeche in Yucatan.


stoneroot

Stoneroot is under the dominion of the Moon. It is used with good effect in chronic catarrh of the bladder, (as are other plants mentioned elsewhere,) whites, and weak stomach.

1867, Oliver Phelps Brown, “COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS. Stoneroot.”, in The complete herbalist; or, The people their own physicians by the use of nature's remedies:

Stoneroot is found in moist, shady woods from Maine to Wisconsin, south to Florida and Kansas.

1907, Alice Henkel, American Root Drugs, page 58:

Stoneroot comes from the rhizome (underground stem) and root of Collinsonia canadensis, a member of the Labiatae family. Native to North America, this plant grows wild from Massachusetts and Vermont west to Wisconsin and south to Florida and Arkansas.

2000, Charles W. Fetrow, The Complete Guide To Herbal Medicines, page 525:

Collinsonia canadensis, a perennial medicinal herb in the mint family, with a very hard root.


squaw vine

Mitchella repens
Mitchella repens#Translingual


squaw mint

Hedeoma pulegioides, the American pennyroyal.


conium

Any of the species in the genus Conium of poisonous perennial herbaceous flowering plants.


devil's bread

Conium maculatum
Conium maculatum#Translingual


pembina

Likely from Canadian French pembina, pimbina, from Cree nîpiminâna or Ojibwe niibiminaa, an earlier form of aniibimin (“high-bush cranberry”).

Viburnum edule
Viburnum edule#Translingual

Viburnum edule, the squashberry, the lowbush cranberry.


asimina

From an Algonquian word *assimin or *rassimin (the second element of which is -min, "berry, fruit"), via Cajun French assiminier.

[…] but it still contains an excellent collection, some fine specimens of magnolias, asiminas, crataegusus, […] and other foreign trees and shrubs, and is conducted with the greatest liberality.

1838, John Claudius Loudon, Arboretum et fruticetum Britannicum; or, The trees and shrubs of Britain, volume 1, page 79:

Of the asiminas, or so-called pawpaws, — which are also anonaceous plants, — there are several species in the United States.

1911, Liberty Hyde Bailey, Sketch of the evolution of our native fruits, page 443:

Asimina triloba
Asimina triloba#Translingual

(US, dated) The pawpaw (Asimina triloba), a fruit-bearing plant.


chrysandroside

(organic chemistry) Any of a group of glycosides found in the roots of Gordonia chrysandra.


globe mallow

From globe + mallow. The flowers of both kinds are globe-shaped just before the petals fully open.

Any of many North American plants of the genus Sphaeralcea in the mallow family, Malvaceae.

Plants of the genus Iliamna in the mallow family, Malvaceae, more commonly known as wild hollyhocks.


Portuguese oak

Quercus faginea
Quercus faginea#Translingual

A species of oak, Quercus faginea, native to the western Mediterranean region of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands.


European alder

European alder (countable and uncountable, plural European alders)

Alnus glutinosa
Alnus glutinosa#Translingual

(countable, uncountable) Black alder (Alnus glutinosa).


black alder winterberry

black alder winterberry (countable and uncountable, plural black alder winterberries)

From its preference for sites similar to those preferred by black alder.

Ilex verticillata
Ilex verticillata#Translingual

A deciduous holly shrub, Ilex verticillata, native to eastern North America, growing best in moist circumstances.


wild bergamot

wild bergamot (usually uncountable, plural wild bergamots)

Monarda fistulosa
Monarda fistulosa#Translingual

An American herb of the mint family, Monarda fistulosa.


Indian potato

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Indian potato.wav

Any of several kinds of North American plants with edible, starchy bulbs or other underground structures, such as mariposa lilies, groundnuts, etc., especially

Apios americana (American potato-bean), a terrestrial plant native to eastern North America;

Orogenia spp. (now in Lomatium), a terrestrial plant native to western North America;

Sagittaria latifolia (broadleaf arrowhead, duck potato), an aquatic plant native to North and South America.


pichurim bean

The seed of a Brazilian lauraceous tree (Nectandra pichurim) of a taste and smell between those of nutmeg and sassafras, sometimes used medicinally.


manna ash

manna ash (usually uncountable, plural manna ashes)

Fraxinus ornus
Fraxinus ornus#Translingual

An ash tree, Fraxinus ornus, native to southern Europe.


crowtoe

With yelowish marygold , she the tender Crowtoe bedecketh

1812, Samuel Egerton Brydges, Sir Egerton Brydges, Joseph Haslewood, The British Bibliographer, volume 2:

Lotus corniculatus
Lotus corniculatus#Translingual

A perennial herbaceous plant, Lotus corniculatus, of temperate Eurasia and northern Africa.


cupressacean

(botany) Any conifer of the family Cupressaceae.


taxodiacean

Any conifer once placed in the family Taxodiaceae (now Cupressaceae).


juwansa

camelthorn (Vachellia eriloba, formerly Acacia erioloba)


papilionoid

(botany) Any member of subfamily Papilionoideae of peas and other legumes.


pinid

(botany) Any conifer in the family Pinidae.


live oak

So called because such oaks remain green and "live" throughout winter, when others are dormant and leafless.

An evergreen species of oak characteristic of the US South, southern live oak (Quercus virginiana).


white oak

white oak (countable and uncountable, plural white oaks)

(usually countable) An oak tree with rounded leaf lobes and relatively pale wood, native to eastern North America, Quercus alba.


sacred fir

Abies religiosa
Abies religiosa#Translingual

A species of fir, Abies religiosa, native to the mountains of central and southern Mexico and western Guatemala.


alatern

From Latin alaternus (“the shrub Rhamnus alaternus”), of Unknown origin.

der

Rhamnus alaternus
Rhamnus alaternus#Translingual

An ornamental evergreen shrub (Rhamnus alaternus; Italian buckthorn).


cheeseweed

en-noun

cheeseweed (countable and uncountable, plural cheeseweeds)

From cheese + weed (the fruits are shaped like a wheel of cheese).

Malva parviflora, an annual or perennial herb native to Northern Africa, Europe and Asia.


Japanese aralia

Japanese aralia (countable and uncountable, plural Japanese aralias)

An evergreen shrub, Fatsia japonica, native to Japan.


poonga oil

A kind of oil used in India for lamps, and for boiling with dammara for pitching vessels. It is pressed from the seeds of a leguminous tree (Millettia pinnata).


genista

(botany) Any member of the flowering plant genus Genista.


epacrid

From Ancient Greek ἔπακρος (épakros, “pointed at the tip”), from ἄκρα (ákra).

der

Any of the family Ericaceae (syn. Epacridaceae) of heathers.


chay root

The plant Oldenlandia umbellata, native to India, which yields a durable red dyestuff.


beardtongue

A flowering plant in the genus Penstemon with a prominent, often hairy, staminode.


boree

(Australia) Any of various species of wattle tree (genus Acacia), especially Acacia pendula and Acacia glaucescens.


toonwood

Toona ciliata
Toona ciliata#Translingual


elephant ear

Coordinate term: beavertail

A flat, crisp, sugared pastry made of fried dough.

Any of several plants in tribe Colocasieae or Caladieae.

A taro plant, of genera Alocasia, Colocasia, or Xanthosoma.


aloeswood

en-noun

aloeswood (usually uncountable, plural aloeswoods)

Aquilaria malaccensis
Aquilaria malaccensis#Translingual


rhamnus

(botany) Any of the plants in the genus Rhamnus; a buckthorn.


isonandra

(botany) Any of the genus Isonandra of sapotaceous plants.


plane tree

Any of various trees of the genus Platanus.


coojong

Acacia saligna, an Australian shrub wattle


trailing arbutus

trailing arbutus (countable and uncountable, plural trailing arbutuses)

The mayflower, Epigaea repens, of eastern North America.


Chinese bayberry

Chinese bayberry (plural Chinese bayberries)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Chinese bayberry.wav

Morella rubra
Morella rubra#Translingual


Japanese bayberry

Japanese bayberry (plural Japanese bayberries)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Japanese bayberry.wav


red bayberry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-red bayberry.wav


yamamomo

From Japanese 山桃 (ヤマモモ, yamamomo), from 山 (yama, “mountain”) + 桃 (momo, “peach”).


Chinese strawberry tree

Chinese strawberry tree (plural Chinese strawberry trees)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Chinese strawberry tree.wav


silk-cotton tree

silk-cotton tree (plural silk-cotton trees)

Bombax ceiba, native to much of tropical and temperate Asia and Australasia.

Ceiba pentandra, native to the American tropics and west Africa.

Ceiba pentandra
Ceiba pentandra#Translingual

Cochlospermum religiosum, native to the Asian tropics.


kapok tree

/ˈkɑːpəʊk tɹiː/

Right smack in the middle of the village is a huge kapok tree, which is where they get together and have their market every fifth day.

1998, Barbara Kingsolver, The Poisonwood Bible, Faber and Faber, published 2013, page 123:

Ceiba pentandra, a tree of the tropical Americas and west-central Africa, with white flowers, cultivated in south-east Asia for its seed fibre.

The coastal morning glory was left to creep up a bamboo pole that leaned against the kapok tree.

2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 111:

The silk-cotton tree (Bombax ceiba), an Asian tree with red flowers.

Two trees with yellow flowers native to northern Australia and Papua New Guinea.


red cotton tree

red cotton tree (plural red cotton trees)


American winterberry

Ilex verticillata, a species of holly native to eastern North America in the United States and southeast Canada, from Newfoundland west to Ontario and Minnesota, and south to Alabama.


brook alder

American winterberry
American winterberry

American winterberry, Ilex verticillata.


white alder

A common alder of western North America, Alnus rhombifolia.


Abyssinian primrose

Abyssinian primrose (plural Abyssinian primroses)


Abyssinian tea

(dated) A stimulant tea infused with the leaves of the khat, or khat itself.


soapnut

Soapnuts are the dried fruit of a tree called Sapindus mukorossi (Chinese Soapberry) and contain saponin, a natural surfactant that foams just like soap.

2015, Beth Terry, Plastic-Free: How I Kicked the Plastic Habit and How You Can Too, Simon and Schuster, →ISBN:

The drupe of Sapindus plants, containing saponins, which are a natural surfactant.


salalberry

The edible fruit of the salal; a dark purple berry about the size of a grape.


onagraceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the family Onagraceae of flowering plants, including the fuchsia and the evening primrose.


bullace

From Middle English bolas, bolace, from Anglo-Norman and Old French beloce, buloce (“sloe”), from Vulgar Latin *bullucea, from Late Latin bulluca (“kind of small fruit”); of Celtic/Gaulish origin, akin to Celtiberian *bullācā, from Proto-Celtic *bullākā, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeHw- (“to swell, puff”), itself imitative. Possibly influenced by Latin galla (“oak apple”) with metathesis of the consonants.
See also Spanish bugalla (“oak apple”), Portuguese bugalho, and (the distantly related) Latin bucca.

onomatopoeic

imitative

If he ate bullace tart and bullace pie for a week, he would hardly empty the smallest of the baskets; and then they would begin to go bad. Nothing remained but to give them away, but to whom?

1930, Harold Webber Freeman, Down in the Valley, page 48:

A small European plum (Prunus interstitia, syn. Prunus domestica subsp. insititia).


mulga apple

A gall on the mulga tree Acacia aneura, said to taste like an apple.


ground ivy

en-noun

ground ivy (usually uncountable, plural ground ivies)

Glechoma hederacea
Glechoma hederacea#Translingual

Glechoma hederacea, an aromatic, perennial, evergreen creeper of the mint family Lamiaceae.


berberidaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the family Berberidaceae of barberries.


podophyllum

(botany) Any of the genus Podophyllum of herbaceous perennial plants in the family Berberidaceae, with palmately lobed umbrella-like leaves, and several stems produced from a creeping underground rhizome.

Podophyllum peltatum
Podophyllum peltatum#Translingual

The rhizome and rootlet of the May apple (Podophyllum peltatum), used as a cathartic drug.


moutan

The Chinese tree peony, Paeonia suffruticosa, a shrub with large flowers of various colours.


yellowhead

A plant of species Zanthoxylum flavum, related to citrus.


melastoma

(botany) Any of the genus Melastoma of flowering plants.


mentha

From the genus name, Mentha, from Latin mentha (“mint”). Doublet of mint.

Very aromatic; all culinary menthas can be used for sauces, jellies, and candied leaves.

1974, Daniel J. Foley, Herbs for Use and for Delight: An Anthology from The Herbarist, page 89:

In the plots where black peppermint were planted as inter-row crop, there were 4 rows of Citronella or other menthas with alternate rows of black peppermint.

1976, Agriculture and Agro-industries Journal, volume 9, page 19:

(botany) Any of the mint genus Mentha, mints and similar species.


monarda

(botany) Any of the genus Monarda of flowering plants, the bergamots or bee balms.


rhexia

(botany) Any of the genus Rhexia of plants in the family Melastomataceae.


Douglas fir

Douglas fir (countable and uncountable, plural Douglas firs)

Named after David Douglas (1799–1834), Scottish botanist and collector.

An evergreen conifer of genus Pseudotsuga; there are four to six species native to western North America and eastern Asia.


Seckel

The pear originated on a farm near Philadelphia, afterwards owned by a Mr. Seckel.


cherry plum

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-cherry plum.wav

Prunus cerasifera
Prunus cerasifera#Translingual

Prunus cerasifera, a deciduous ornamental Eurasian shrub or small tree, having white flowers and small red to yellow edible fruits.


lavatera

(botany) Any of the genus Lavatera (syn. of Malva) of malvaceous flowering plants.


paper birch

Its white bark peels off in layers, like paper.

Betula papyrifera
Betula papyrifera#Translingual

A North American species of birch with white bark, Betula papyrifera.


canoe birch

The Native Americans used the bark of this tree for building canoes.


American white birch

American white birch (plural American white birches)


Hattie leaf

A leaf of Bauhinia monandra, traditionally dried and painted with designs on Pitcairn Island.


acapu

acapu (countable and uncountable, plural acapus)

From Brazilian Portuguese acapu, from Old Tupi.

Any of several tropical New World trees in:


capulin

From Spanish capulín, from Classical Nahuatl capolin.

The Mexican cherry (Prunus serotina subsp. capuli, once Prunus capollin) and Prunus capuli, that yields a sap used in native remedies and has edible cherries of which the kernels of the pits furnish a flour.

A tropical American tree (Trema micrantha), the bark of which yields a strong fiber

A groundcherry (any of most species of Physalis).

A Mexican timber tree (Condalia obovata) whose hard wood furnishes a blue dye.

Muntingia calabura
Muntingia calabura#Translingual

A calabur tree (Muntingia calabura, sole species of Muntingia).


courbaril

From French courbaril, from a South American word.

Hymenaea courbaril
Hymenaea courbaril#Translingual

Hymenaea courbaril, a South American tree.


squinance

squinance (countable and uncountable, plural squinances)

French esquinancie, Old French squinance, esquinance. See quinsy.


chana dal

From Hindi चना दाल (canā dāl). See chana + dal.

An Indian dish of chickpeas cooked with onion, garlic, tomatoes and spices.


pitch pine

→ French: pitchpin

→ Romanian: pitchpine

Any of various other pine trees from which pitch can be obtained, or which have very resinous wood, including members of species:

especially, Pinus rigida, of the eastern US.

Pinus palustris
Pinus palustris#Translingual


cedar closet

A closet intended to protect clothing from insects, especially moths, and musty odors due to its lining of cedar.


bead tree

Melia azedarach
Melia azedarach#Translingual

Melia azedarach, a deciduous or semi-evergreen tree with poisonous fruit, native to India, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia.


black-jack

black-jack (countable and uncountable, plural black-jacks)

(uncountable, obsolete, mineralogy, UK) Sphalerite; zincblende.

(obsolete) A water oak or barren oak (Quercus nigra).

(obsolete, circa 1700s) A native African longshoreman or sailor working on a boat.

Pollachius virens
Pollachius virens#Translingual


Monterey cypress

Monterey cypress (plural Monterey cypresses)

A cypress native to California, Cupressus macrocarpa.


Lambert's cypress

Lambert's cypress (plural Lambert's cypresses)

(uncommon) Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa)


Monterey pine

Pinus radiata
Pinus radiata#Translingual

A pine, Pinus radiata, native to California and notable worldwide for its rapid growth.


remarkable pine

remarkable pine (plural remarkable pines)

In reference to its rapid growth; compare insignis and insignis pine.


radiata pine

From Latin radiata, from the specific epithet.


Guadalupe pine

Guadalupe pine (countable and uncountable, plural Guadalupe pines)

A variety of the Monterey pine, Pinus radiata var. binata.


pixie moss

Pyxidanthera barbulata, a low subshrub (not a true moss) producing a mat on the ground.


welshnut

From Middle English walsh-note, from Old English wealhhnutu (“walnut”, literally “Welsh-nut”), equivalent to Welsh + nut.

inh

[…] Our tongues do run, O, / Enough to stun, O, / Your head wi' glee by the welshnut tree.

1879, William Barnes, “The Welshnut Tree”, in Poems of Rural Life in the Dorset Dialect, page 85:

A wife, a whelp and a Welshnut tree / The more you beat 'em, the better they be.

1912, Country Life, volume 31, page 313:

(UK dialects, West Country, Dorset, Somerset, dated) A walnut (nut or tree).


sunn

An East Indian leguminous plant of species Crotalaria juncea, yielding a fiber.


clary

en-noun

clary (countable and uncountable, plural claries)

From Middle English clarie, from Anglo-Norman sclaree, from Late or Medieval Latin sclarēia.


cassie

cassie (countable and uncountable, plural cassies)

Vachellia farnesiana
Vachellia farnesiana#Translingual

(US) A thorny shrub with fragrant yellow flowers, Vachellia farnesiana; the needle bush.


bigaroon

French bigarreau, from bigarré (“variegated”).


bennet

From Middle English *benet (found in Middle English herbe-benet (“hemlock”, literally “blessed plant”)), from Old French benëit, benoit and Latin (herba) benedicta. Doublet of benedict.

cog

The common yellow-flowered avens of Europe (Geum urbanum); herb bennet.


gaura

Blossoms that flower atop willowy weedy stems such as forget-me-nots, delphiniums, and gauras should be thought of as two-dayers; they don't draw water well or retain preservatives.

1996, Rayford Clayton Reddell, Full bloom: thoughts from an opinionated gardener, page 66:

(botany) Any flowering plant of the Oenothera sect. Gaura (formerly the genus Gaura in the family Onagraceae, including many beeblossoms.


parrot's bill

From the resemblance of its curved superior petal to a parrot's bill.

Two similar plants with showy flowers, the glory pea.


hart's clover

(probably, dated) melilot; sweet clover (Melilotus spp.)


Christ's thorn

From the legend that its thorns were used in the persecution of Jesus Christ.

Paliurus spina-christi
Paliurus spina-christi#Translingual

Paliurus spina-christi, a deciduous shrub or small tree of the Mediterranean and parts of Asia, with spiny shoots.


prairie turnip

Psoralea esculenta, a herbaceous perennial native to central North America.


honeyberry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-honeyberry.wav

European nettle tree
European nettle tree

Celtis australis
Celtis australis#Translingual

Edible, sweet, dark purple fruit of the deciduous European nettle tree (Celtis australis).


bastard umbrella thorn

en-noun

bastard umbrella thorn (plural bastard umbrella thorns)


melocoton

Borrowed from Spanish melocotón (“peach tree and its fruit”), from Latin mālum cotōnium (“quince, or quince tree”, literally “apple of Cydonia”).


buckmast

From buck + mast. See buck (“beech tree”).


guajillo

A huajillo, a shrub of species Senegalia berlandieri (syn. Acacia berlandieri).


huajillo

From Spanish guajillo, from Michoacán Nahuatl huāxin plus -illo. Cognate with English guajillo.

The shrub Senegalia berlandieri, formerly Acacia berlandieri.


mare's-tail

en-noun

mare's-tail (plural mare's-tails or mares'-tails)

mare's-tails (plural)
mares'-tails (plural)

mackerel sky and mare's-tails make tall ships carry low sails


nitta

From Fula nete, and its source, Mandingo nɛtɛ.

These are the hard times, the long lingering days before the rains. Udders dry, grain reserves shot – even the insipid nitta pods in short supply.

1982, TC Boyle, Water Music, Penguin, published 2006, page 65:

Parkia biglobosa
Parkia biglobosa#Translingual

A tropical tree of the genus Parkia, having edible pods and seeds, especially Parkia filicoidea or Parkia biglobosa.


lentisk

From Latin lentiscus. Doublet of lentiscus.

Pistacia lentiscus
Pistacia lentiscus#Translingual

A tree, the lentiscus, Pistacia lentiscus.


fanleaf

Any member of Psathyrotes, a genus of North American desert plants, brittlestems.


dragonhead

From dragon + head, a calque of translingual Dracocephalum.

Dracocephalum moldavica, the type species of the genus.


cativo

Thrusting up into the canopy, competing for sunlight with the algarrobo, grew the cativo tree, whose modern descendants grow to 120 feet.

1999, George O. Poinar, The Amber Forest: A Reconstruction of a Vanished World, page 15:

Prioria copaifera, a flowering tree of Central and South America.


caragana

/ˌkæɹəˈɡɑːnə/

/ˌkɑːɹəˈɡɑːnə/

Borrowed from translingual Caragana, from a Turkic language, perhaps ultimately Mongolic. Compare Kazakh қараған (qarağan), Mongolian харгана (xargana).

Any of several shrubs or small trees, of the genus Caragana, that often have golden flowers


durmast oak

durmast oak (countable and uncountable, plural durmast oaks)

Superficially a compound of durmast + oak, but the origin of durmast is unclear and possibly a result of scribal error. The first edition Oxford English Dictionary suggests that Thomas Martyn's dictionary for gardeners and botanists (1798) originated the word through misreading dun mast ("light-brown acorn"), an interpretation also suggested by some earlier works going back to at least 1836, although a connection to Welsh derw (“oaks”) has also been suggested.

Quercus petraea
Quercus petraea#Translingual

A tree, Quercus petraea, the sessile oak.


angelique

From French angélique. Doublet of angelic and angélique (“plucked bowl lute”).

doublet

Angelica archangelica
Angelica archangelica#Translingual

A tall plant, with hollow stems, genus Angelica, especially garden angelica (Angelica archangelica).


cabbage gum

Eucalyptus amplifolia, a tree of Australia.


briarwood

en-noun

briarwood (countable and uncountable, plural briarwoods)

Erica arborea
Erica arborea#Translingual

Erica arborea, tree heath, an ericaceous flowering plant.


orangelo

Blend of orange + pomelo. Calque of Puerto Rican Spanish chironja, itself a blend of china (“orange”) + toronja (“grapefruit”).

blend

A citrus fruit that is a cross between an orange and a grapefruit.


catclaw

From cat + claw, because its branches bear many small hooks which resemble cats' claws.

An acacia, specifically Acacia greggii, now Senegalia greggii, native to most of the border region of the US and Mexico.


Puy lentil

Combined with the high altitude of the valley, this creates the perfect conditions to grow the delicate Puy lentil. Due to these unique growing conditions, the lentil has its own protected designation of origin status – which means that, to use the name ‘Puy lentil’, the product must be grown without any pesticides or irrigation and harvested and packaged in the region of Puy.

2018, Merchant Gourmet, The Pulses & Grains Cookbook: Deliciously nutritious recipes for every day, with lentils, grains, seeds and chestnuts, Hardie Grant Publishing, →ISBN:

A green lentil of the variety Lens esculenta puyensis.


barbasco

en-noun

barbasco (countable and uncountable, plural barbascos)

From American Spanish barbasco, perhaps alteration of Spanish verbasco, varbasco (“mullein”), from Latin verbascum.

A plant (Lonchocarpus urucu, now Deguelia rufescens var. urucu) native to parts of northern South America used as a poison for fishing and an insecticide.


majagua

Hampea reynae, a plant endemic to El Salvador.


niaouli

Melaleuca quinquenervia, the broad-leaved paperbark, a myrtaceous tree whose essential oil is used in cosmetics and herbal medicine.


chilgoza

From Persian چلغوزه (čelğuze), from چهل (čehel, “forty”) + غوزه (ğuze, “nut”).

A pine of species of Pinus gerardiana, native to the northwestern Himalayas.


yapunyah

Eucalyptus ochrophloia, a eucalypt native to inland New South Wales and Queensland in eastern Australia.


lapunyah

Any of three species of Australian eucalypts, Eucalyptus ochrophloia, Eucalyptus thozetiana and Eucalyptus argophloia.


crab tree

From Middle English crabbetre, crabtre; see crab (“wild apple”).


hinoki cypress

hinoki cypress (plural hinoki cypresses)

Chamaecyparis obtusa
Chamaecyparis obtusa#Translingual

An evergreen shrub or tree, Chamaecyparis obtusa.


blue fenugreek

Trigonella caerulea, a variety of fenugreek with blue flowers.


Japanese spurge

A fast-spreading evergreen groundcover, of species Pachysandra terminalis, native to China, Japan, widely introduced and naturalized elsewhere, especially in the northeastern US.


bush clover

bush clover (usually uncountable, plural bush clovers)


round-headed bush clover

round-headed bush clover (usually uncountable, plural round-headed bush clovers)

Lespedeza capitata
Lespedeza capitata#Translingual

Lespedeza capitata, a tall, deep-rooting perennial herb native to eastern North America.


teucrium

From the genus name (New Latin Teucrium).

(botany) Any of the genus Teucrium of lamiaceous plants; a germander.


eastern poison ivy

Toxicodendron radicans
Toxicodendron radicans#Translingual

Toxicodendron radicans, the ivy-like species of Toxicodendron, common in the eastern United States, known for its ability to cause an itching rash and blistering for most people, through urushiol.


western poison ivy

Toxicodendron rydbergii
Toxicodendron rydbergii#Translingual

Toxicodendron rydbergii, an ivy-like species of Toxicodendron common in the western United States, well-known for its ability to causes an itching rash and blistering for most people, through urushiol, an oil that is a skin irritant.


red oak

red oak (countable and uncountable, plural red oaks)

Quercus rubra
Quercus rubra#Translingual

(usually countable) An oak tree with wood of a red tint, with leaves that have pointed lobes, Quercus rubra, native to eastern North America.

Quercus subg. Quercus
Quercus subg. Quercus#Translingual

(usually countable) A similar tree of any of the many species in Quercus subg. Quercus, section Lobatae, found mostly in North America.

(usually countable, Australia) Carnarvonia araliifolia, a rainforest tree from Australia.

(usually uncountable) Wood from such trees.

Agkistrodon contortrix
Agkistrodon contortrix#Translingual

Agkistrodon contortrix, a venomous snake species found in North America.


Scots pine

Scots pine (countable and uncountable, plural Scots pines)

Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris#Translingual

Pinus sylvestris, an evergreen of wide distribution in Eurasia in northern or mountainous areas.


Scotch fir

Scotch fir (countable and uncountable, plural Scotch firs)


Scotch pine

Scotch pine (countable and uncountable, plural Scotch pines)

(US) Pinus sylvestris, an evergreen of wide distribution in Eurasia in northern or mountainous areas.


firtree

(turbines) The root of a very-high-temperature turbine blade, inserted into a corresponding slot in a disc, resembling in section a simplified image of a fir.


spreading gooseberry

spreading gooseberry (countable and uncountable, plural spreading gooseberries)

Ribes divaricatum, a gooseberry plant of the Pacific coast of North America


running serviceberry

running serviceberry (usually uncountable, plural running serviceberries)

Amelanchier spicata
Amelanchier spicata#Translingual


rosebay rhododendron

rosebay rhododendron (plural rosebay rhododendrons)


swamp white oak

swamp white oak (plural swamp white oaks)

1990, Robert Rogers, Quercus bicolor Willd: Swamp White Oak, Russell M. Burns, Barbara H. Honkala, Silvics of North America, Volume 2: Hardwoods, Agriculure Handbook 654, US Department of Agriculture, page 616,
Because the seed of swamp white oak is not dormant, it germinates soon after falling.

Recendy I found several swamp white oaks growing at Ruth Zimmerman Natural Area, Berks County, in southeastern Pennsylvania.

2002, Charles Fergus, Trees of Pennsylvania and the Northeast, page 123:

Swamp white oak is commonly mistaken for bur oak because of similarities in their habitat and mature bark.

2010, Sally S. Weeks, Harmon P. Weeks, Jr., George R. Parker, Native Trees of the Midwest, 2nd edition, page 182:

A long-lived tree, swamp white oaks can last 350 years.

2011, Leslie Day, Field Guide to the Street Trees of New York City, page 210:

Quercus bicolor
Quercus bicolor#Translingual


pin oak

Quercus palustris
Quercus palustris#Translingual

Quercus ellipsoidalis
Quercus ellipsoidalis


northern red oak

northern red oak (plural northern red oaks)


scarlet oak

From the colour of its leaves in autumn.

One of the finest scarlet oaks in England is at the Duke of Wellington's seat at Strathfieldsaye.

1834, The New Monthly Magazine, volume 40, page 122:

Seed production in scarlet oaks varies greatly from year to year; occasionally the trees produce bumper crops. Scarlet oak is a member of the red oak group, all of whose acorns are invested with bitter-tasting tannin compounds, likely evolved to deter mammals from eating too many of them.

2002, Charles Fergus, Trees of Pennsylvania and the Northeast, page 118:

Whereas numbers of trees and basal areas of all species increased between 1957 and 1972, the 1972—1977 timber harvest reduced the number of large black and scarlet oaks proportionately more than other species.

2009, Paul S. Johnson, Stephen R. Shifley, Robert Rogers, The Ecology and Silviculture of Oaks, 2nd edition, page 245:

Quercus coccinea
Quercus coccinea#Translingual


white pine

Pinus strobus
Pinus strobus#Translingual

Any species of the subgenus Pinus subg. Strobus


Canadian hemlock

Canadian hemlock (plural Canadian hemlocks)

Tsuga canadensis
Tsuga canadensis#Translingual


white spruce

white spruce (countable and uncountable, plural white spruces or white spruce)

white spruces (plural)
white spruce (plural)

Any of several species of spruce (Picea)

Canadian spruce, skunk spruce, cat spruce, Black Hills spruce, western white spruce, Alberta white spruce, Porsild spruce

Picea pungens
Picea pungens#Translingual


fragrant azalea

fragrant azalea (plural fragrant azaleas)

An azalea of species Rhododendron arborescens, of the eastern seaboard of the US.


pinxterbloom azalea

pinxterbloom azalea (plural pinxterbloom azaleas)


swamp azalea

Rhododendron viscosum, of the eastern US.


common buttonbush

common buttonbush (plural common buttonbushes)


eastern redbud

eastern redbud (countable and uncountable, plural eastern redbuds)

Cercis canadensis
Cercis canadensis#Translingual

Cercis canadensis, a tree native to the southeastern, midwestern, and south central United States and parts of northern Mexico.


hickory nut

To break the shell of a hickory nut, you needed a hammer and an act of Congress, and even then you needed a screwdriver to get at the meat, which was about as tasty as a clod of limestone.

2018, Tayari Jones, An American Marriage, Oneworld Publications, page 270:

One of the large edible nuts of the hickory tree.


black oak

(usually countable) A deciduous oak tree, Quercus velutina, native to eastern North America.

A related oak tree native to western North America, Quercus kelloggii, often considered the best oak for acorn mush by American Indians in its native range


blackjack oak

An oak tree of species Quercus marilandica.


post oak

A tree of the species Quercus stellata (family Fagaceae), native to North America.


piñon pine

piñon pine (countable and uncountable, plural piñon pines)

The sage and thickets of oak and brakes of alder gave place to piñon pine growing out of rocky soil.

1912 January, Zane Grey, chapter 5, in Riders of the Purple Sage […], New York, N.Y., London: Harper & Brothers Publishers, →OCLC:

Love said he liked this place because he could see so much from it, and had stopped here many times across the decades, to lean against a piñon pine and sort through the country, like an astronomer with the whole sky above him sorting through the stars.

1986, John McPhee, Rising from the Plains; reprinted in Annals of the Former World, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1998, page 383:

He inhaled deeply, smelling piñon pines and sage.

2001, Eric Nylund, Halo: The Fall of Reach, New York: Del Rey, →ISBN, page 217:

(uncountable, countable) Any of several species of North American pines in Pinus subsect. Cembroides that bear edible seeds (pine nuts), especially Pinus edulis; the nut pine.

wahappin

North American pine producing edible seeds


bog myrtle

From bog + myrtle; plants with small evergreen leaves are often named after the myrtle.

There was nothing of that luxuriance of blossom which had hitherto clothed the wood, for there were no hawthorns; but the bog-myrtle imparted its tender fragrance, and the caressing honeysuckle wound round many an ancient trunk, odours exhaling from every fairy-like tube—fit trumpets for the heralds of Titania.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter V, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 56:

An herbal shrub with a strong, sweet resinous smell, Myrica gale, that grows in bogs, moors, fens and other wet, acidic environments.


sweet gale

An herbal shrub with a sweet resinous scent, Myrica gale, growing on moors and fens.


dwarf elder

Sambucus ebulus
Sambucus ebulus#Translingual

A small European herbaceous perennial elder, species Sambucus ebulus.


highbush cranberry

highbush cranberry (plural highbush cranberries)

Viburnum opulus
Viburnum opulus#Translingual

Viburnum edule
Viburnum edule#Translingual

A shrub in the genus Viburnum having acidic red cranberry-like berries, belonging to the North American species Viburnum trilobum, or to the related species Viburnum opulus (European) or Viburnum edule (North American).


saskatoon blueberry

saskatoon blueberry (plural saskatoon blueberries)


bungu

A plant, Ceratotheca sesamoides, placed among the Pedaliaceae (pedalium family or sesame family).


Turkey oak

Quercus cerris
Quercus cerris#Translingual

Quercus cerris, native to Asia Minor and southeastern Europe.


big tree

Sequoiadendron giganteum
Sequoiadendron giganteum#Translingual

The giant sequoia or wellingtonia, Sequoiadendron giganteum


pili nut

The edible seed of Canarium ovatum, a tree native to the maritime tropics from the edge of Southeast Asia to the edge of Australia.


heartnut

The edible seed of a Japanese species of walnut, Juglans ailantifolia.


kola nut

The local people here believe that kola nut tea -- or as they call it, bissy tea -- is a cure for all ailments.

A newspaper was on his lap as he ruminatively chewed on half a bitter kola nut, which he occasionally dipped into a small bowl of yellow salt that was set beside him.

2005, Helen Oyeyemi, The Icarus Girl, Bloomsbury, page 306:

The edible seed of the kola tree, Cola acuminata and related species, used as a flavoring and as a source of caffeine.


Bambara groundnut

Bambara groundnut (plural Bambara groundnuts)

The edible seed of an African plant of species Vigna subterranea, which produces its seeds underground, like peanuts.


Tahitian chestnut

Tahitian chestnut (plural Tahitian chestnuts)

A tropical tree native from Malaysia across the southern Pacific (Inocarpus fagifer).


wild service tree

wild service tree (plural wild service trees)

Sorbus torminalis
Sorbus torminalis#Translingual

A tree with edible fruit, Sorbus torminalis, native to central and southern Europe and neighboring parts of Asia and Africa.


chequer tree

/ˈtʃɛkə ˌtɹiː/

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chequer tree.wav

(Eastern Weald) A tree with edible fruit, Sorbus torminalis, native to central and southern Europe and neighboring parts of Asia and Africa.


poison hemlock

poison hemlock (usually uncountable, plural poison hemlocks)

Conium maculatum
Conium maculatum#Translingual

The European hemlock Conium maculatum, an extremely poisonous plant in the carrot family, Apiaceae.


ghostflower

Mohavea confertiflora, a flower native to the Sonoran and Mojave deserts.


beniseed

beniseed (countable and uncountable, plural beniseeds)

Benniseed is a portmanteau of both the word benne and seed. Benne, meaning sesame derives from Gullah benne which is akin to Malinke bĕne.


red pine

Pinus resinosa
Pinus resinosa#Translingual

Pinus resinosa, native to cool temperate eastern North America.


Norway pine

Named by Norwegian settlers in Minnesota, from the resemblance of the tree to one native to Norway, probably Pinus sylvestris, Scots pine.

Pinus resinosa, the state tree of Minnesota, native to North America from Minnesota, Wisconsin and western Ontario east.


citrumelo

A citrus fruit that is a cross between trifoliate orange or Japanese bitter orange (Poncirus trifoliata) and grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi).


Chinese parsley

Coriandrum sativum
Coriandrum sativum#Translingual

Coriandrum sativum, coriander (cilantro).


sweet osmanthus

From English sweet + osmanthus, for the peach-like scent of the flowers.

Osmanthus fragrans
Osmanthus fragrans#Translingual

a shrub or tree of the species Osmanthus fragrans, native to east Asia and prized for its fragrant flowers


pitanga

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese pitanga, from Old Tupi pytanga.

bor+

The first maggots were found in pitangas (Brazilian cherries) on the third day after our arrival, but the quantity was of no value, and it was impossible to say whether they were parisitized.

1905, Natal Agriculture Journal, page 445:

Immature pitangas have a disagreeable resinous taste. […] The Surinam cherry is essentially a dessert fruit. The fresh fruits are eaten out of hand or made into jellies, jams, sherbert, sauce and beverages.

1960, Ann M. Perry, Dooryard Supermarket in the Tropics & Subtropics: Its Development and Instructions for Fabrication and Use of Its Products:


holly osmanthus

Osmanthus heterophyllus
Osmanthus heterophyllus#Translingual

Osmanthus heterophyllus, a flowering shrub or tree of the olive family native to East Asia


false holly

en-noun

false holly (usually uncountable, plural false hollies)

From the superficial similarity of its leaves to true holly trees of the genus Ilex.


Chinese cinnamon

Cinnamomum cassia
Cinnamomum cassia#Translingual

An evergreen tree (Cinnamomum cassia) originating in southern China, and widely cultivated for its aromatic bark, which is used to produce cinnamon.


Chinese cassia

Chinese cinnamon
Chinese cinnamon#English


Indonesian cinnamon

A tree of the species Cinnamomum burmannii.


Saigon cinnamon

A tree of the species Cinnamomum loureiroi.


bay laurel

Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis#Translingual


sweet bay

Synonym of true laurel, to distinguish it from related species.


true laurel

Laurus nobilis (bay laurel), to distinguish it from other species called laurels.


gallito

A flowering tree in the legume family Fabaceae, of species (Erythrina fusca).


amchur

Dried and powdered unripe mango, used in Indian preserves etc.


Norway maple

Norway maple (countable and uncountable, plural Norway maples)

Acer platanoides
Acer platanoides#Translingual

Acer platanoides, a species of maple native to most of Europe, the Caucasus and northern Turkey.


European rowan

European rowan (usually uncountable, plural European rowans)

Here we will largely focus attention on one species, the European rowan or Mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia), and the influence of temperature.

2009, Adrian M. I. Roberts, “Chapter 12: Smoothing Methods”, in Irene L. Hudson, Marie R. Keatley, editors, Phenological Research: Methods for Environmental and Climate Change Analysis, page 256:

The wood of the European rowan, or, to a much lesser extent its North American cousin, has long been noted in the lore to drive out Fomors and other unpleasant spiritual beings.

2008, Aedh Rua, Celtic Flame: An Insider's Guide to Irish Pagan Tradition, page 81:

The European rowan tree has long been known to have magically protective properties.

2013, Cassandra Claire, The Shadowhunter's Codex, page 26:

Sorbus aucuparia
Sorbus aucuparia#Translingual

The tree Sorbus aucuparia, commonly called rowan.


frangula

(medicine) The bark of Rhamnus frangula used as a laxative or cathartic


common juniper

Juniperus communis
Juniperus communis#Translingual


Chinese indigo

Isatis tinctoria
Isatis tinctoria#Translingual

Dyer's woad (Isatis tinctoria, syn. Isatis indigotica).


wild indigo

The American herb Baptisia tinctoria, which yields a poor quality of indigo, as do several other species of the same genus.


Jamaica rose

A West Indian melastomaceous shrub (Blakea trinervia), with showy pink flowers.


enchanter's nightshade

enchanter's nightshade (plural enchanter's nightshades)

Given space and the right conditions, however, enchanter’s nightshade does spread by fine, brittle, white running rhizomes.

2012 July 10, Helen Yemm, “Thorny problems: getting rid of liverwort and enchanter's nightshade”, in The Telegraph:

Any of the genus Circaea of perennial plants, having opposite and petiolate leaves


old man's beard

old man's beard (countable and uncountable, plural old man's beards or old men's beards)

old man's beards (plural)
old men's beards (plural)

Tillandsia usneoides
Tillandsia usneoides#Translingual

(uncountable) Tillandsia usneoides, a bromeliad; Spanish moss.


fringe tree

A small tree (Chionanthus virginicus) of the southern United States, having white flowers with long pendulous petals.


Chinese celery

Chinese celery (usually uncountable, plural Chinese celeries)

Apium graveolens var. secalinum, a variety of celery with smaller stalks and flavorful leaves, grown in East Asian countries for use in cooking.


tallow tree

Various African trees in the genus Allanblackia.


lipstick tree

From lipstick + tree, from the resemblance of the open fruit pods of the plant to red lips, or from the fact that the consistency of the arils surrounding its seeds is similar to that of lipstick (see the 1942 quotation).

Bixa Orellana. Lipstick Tree, Annatto. A small tree producing ovate leaves, panicles of pink to rose flowers, and prickly tan capsules which contain seeds covered with a red coating that is the consistency of lipstick and can be used as a coloring agent. (Bixaceae.)

1942 March, W. H. Friend, “Trees Other than Palms”, in Plants of Ornamental Value for the Rio Grande Valley of Texas (Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin; no. 609), College Station, Tex.: Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, →OCLC, page 20:

Among flowering trees and shrubs of the Kona Coast, kalu, or yellow mimosa, is common, as is the yellow Timor shower, as is the lipstick tree, whose pods give an orange-red substance good not only for lips but—if local claims are true—for margarine.

1960, Sydney Clark, All the Best in Hawaii (Sydney Clark Travel Book), New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead & Company, →OCLC, page 338:

If you're curious about what is a macadamia nut, turn left at the sign: royal hawaiian macadamia orchard. A narrow road bumps 3 miles through a forest of lipstick trees to one of Hawaii's new pioneer industries.

1963, Bob Krauss, “Hawaii”, in Travel Guide to the Hawaiian Islands: Oahu, Kauai, Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Lanai, New York, N.Y.: Coward-McCann, →OCLC, page 306:

Along the coast road to Guayaquil are numerous plantations: cocoa, coffee, castor bean, fibers, and bananas. Here grow the tropical lipstick trees – source of color for foods — and the flowering African tulips.

1985, Helen A. Wolfe, chapter 2, in Adventure Bound: From Backpacking in New Zealand to Bushwhacking in South Africa, Mount Dora, Fla.: Professional Press, →ISBN, page 56:

Crushed and infused in warm water, the roots of the lipstick tree increases male desire. However, the seeds of the lipstick tree can also be used as an alternative to saffron and is added to tandoori curry to produce a red colour.

2011, Rosabelle Boswell, “Imbibing Scent and Experiencing Sexuality”, in Re-presenting Heritage in Zanzibar and Madagascar, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Organisation for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa, →ISBN, page 114:

Achiote or lipstick trees (Bixa orellana) are tropical trees locally found in American, Caribbean, and East Indian woodlands[…].

2020, Jatinder Singh, Harmanpreet Meehnian, Parnika Gupta, Madan L. Verma, “Food Colours: The Potential Sources of Food Adulterants and Their Food Safety Concerns”, in Madan L. Verma, editor, Biotechnological Approaches in Food Adulterants (A Science Publishers Book), Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, →ISBN, page 84:

Bixa orellana
Bixa orellana#Translingual

Central American
Central American#Adjective

The shrub Bixa orellana, which is native to Mexico and northern South America; the arils covering its seeds are a source of the orange-red colourant annatto, and the ground seeds are used in traditional Caribbean, Central American, and South American cuisine.


beebrush

Any of the genus Aloysia of flowering plants in the verbena family.

no equivalent term in Arabic but the names of lemon verbena may be generalized

no equivalent term in German but the names of lemon verbena may be generalized

and other species may bear the name of Verbene for any plant within the family


shinleaf

shinleaf (plural shinleafs or shinleaves)

A species of Pyrola (Pyrola americana) similar to pyrola elliptica but found in North America.


Madeira nut

Juglans regia
Juglans regia#Translingual

The European walnut; the nut of Juglans regia.


mountain mint

mountain mint (countable and uncountable, plural mountain mints)

Any plant of the genus Pycnanthemum in the mint family.

Any of several plants in the genus Monardella, native to western North America.

A European herb, Clinopodium nepeta, sometimes used as a seasoning.


bastard pennyroyal

Plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae), native to North America and having a pennyroyal-like scent, including:

Blue curls (Trichostema dichotomum, native to the eastern US.

A plant of species Trichostema setaceum (Trichostema lineare in older references), also native to the eastern US, which is usually qualified as linear-leaved or narrow bastard pennyroyal.

Mustang mint, mustang monardella (Monardella lanceolata), native to California and Baja California.


Malay apple

A romance must have begun very gradually, beneath the bushy-topped Malay apple trees of the church square […].

1984, Mario Vargas Llosa, translated by Helen R. Lane, The War of the End of the World, Folio Society, published 2012, page 141:

Syzygium malaccense
Syzygium malaccense#Translingual

A myrtaceous tree (Syzygium malaccense) native to Malaysia and Australia, or the fruit of this tree.


imbuia

From Portuguese imbuia, of uncertain origin.

Ocotea porosa, a tree of southern Brazil, a source of high-end timber.


burning bush

Any plant of several species of Euonymus:

A winged spindle or winged euonymus (Euonymus alatus), with vivid magenta Fall foliage, native to eastern Asia common as an ornamental and invasive in North America.


stink cedar

The California nutmeg tree (Torreya californica).

A related tree of Florida (Torreya taxifolia).


Japanese persimmon

Japanese persimmon (plural Japanese persimmons)

Diospyros kaki
Diospyros kaki#Translingual


Cretan rockrose

Cretan rockrose (plural Cretan rockroses)

A shrub, Cistus creticus, a rockrose that yields labdanum.

esteva

Cistus creticus, a shrub that yields labdanum


European redbud

European redbud (plural European redbuds)


butter tree

Vitellaria paradoxa
Vitellaria paradoxa#Translingual

The tree that produces shea butter (Vitellaria paradoxa)


yoke elm

So called because it was often used for making yokes for cattle
.

Carpinus betulus
Carpinus betulus#Translingual

(archaic) A European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), a small tree with tough wood.


peanut tree

Because the seeds of its fruit (which is red or orange when ripe) taste like raw peanuts.

A tree of the species Sterculia quadrifida; a red- or orange-fruited kurrajong.


mpingo

Dalbergia melanoxylon, a small African tree in the family Fabaceae.


rattlepod

Any of various plants, including Senna covesii and species of Crotalaria and Astragalus, whose seeds rattle in the pod when shaken.


American sycamore

American sycamore (plural American sycamores)

Platanus occidentalis
Platanus occidentalis#Translingual

A species of large tree native to eastern North America and planted elsewhere, Platanus occidentalis


American planetree

American planetree (plural American planetrees)


she-oak

she-oak (countable and uncountable, plural she-oaks)

(Australia, uncountable, slang, now rare) Beer.


cudgerie

We would want mountain ash or white ash for spars; blue fig for struts; cudgerie for the fuselage.

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 104:

(Australia) A tall rainforest tree of eastern Australia (Sloanea australis: Oxalidales).


marmalade tree

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-marmalade tree.wav


hinoki

hinoki (countable and uncountable, plural hinoki or hinokis)

The large hinokis are repotted every four to five years, while the smaller plants are repotted every two to three years.

1989, Arnold Arboretum, Peter Del Tredici, Early American Bonsai: The Larz Anderson Collection of the Arnold Arboretum, page 17:

Chamaecyparis obtusa
Chamaecyparis obtusa#Translingual

A tree (species Chamaecyparis obtusa), the Japanese cypress.


Idared

A red apple cultivar from Idaho, United States, having white flesh and a firm body.


flooded gum

flooded gum (countable and uncountable, plural flooded gums)

There were no locks on the door and you could get an education or work in the bush planting flooded gum.

1985, Peter Carey, Illywhacker, Faber and Faber, published 2003, page 384:

(Australia) Any of several eucalypts that flourish in damp soil, especially Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus rudis.


murunga

Terminalia ferdinandiana, a tree native to Australia with a yellowish-green fruit.


idigbo

A combretaceous timber-yielding African tree of species Terminalia ivorensis.


combretaceous

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the family Combretaceae.


huntsman's cup

A species of pitcher plant found in North America (Sarracenia purpurea).


Indian plum

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Indian plum.wav

Oemleria cerasiformis, a shrub in the rose family, native to the Pacific coast of North America.

Flacourtia jangomas, a rainforest tree in the willow family that is widely planted in Asia and Southeast Asia.

Flacourtia indica, an Asian species often used as a living fence.

Ziziphus mauritiana
Ziziphus mauritiana#Translingual

Ziziphus mauritiana, a tropical fruit tree.


Indian rhubarb

Darmera peltata, a slow-spreading rhizomatous perennial flowering plant native to mountain streamsides in woodland in the western United States.


redtwig dogwood

redtwig dogwood (countable and uncountable, plural redtwig dogwoods)

Cornus sericea
Cornus sericea#Translingual

Cornus sericea, a flowering plant in the family Cornaceae.


corosolic acid

(organic chemistry) A pentacyclic triterpene carboxylic acid found in Lagerstroemia speciosa, used in dietary supplements as a glucose-lowering agent and insulin mimetic


Mutsu

From Japanese 陸奥 (Mutsu, “Mutsu Province”), an old province of Japan, where the cultivar was first grown.

A variety of apple, a cross between the Golden Delicious and the Indo, first grown in Japan.


sweetvetch

In general aspect of foliage and flowers, the sweetvetches resemble the milkvetches and locoweeds. The short wing petals and abruptly angled keel petals are diagnostic features which distinguish the sweetvetches in flower.

1990, Stanley L. Welsh, David B. Williams, Grand Views of Canyon Country: A Driving Guide, page 30:

In this environment, glacier lily (Erythronium grandiflorum) bulbs (Butler 1992; and yellow sweetvetch (Hedysarum sulphurescens) roots are major food sources.

1995, David R. Butler, Zoogeomorphology: Animals as Geomorphic Agents, page 68:

There, where snow has melted away from last year's brown, matted grasses, their sensitive noses sniff out the odour of sweetvetch roots, glacier lily bulbs and other buried treasures.

2013, Kevin Van Tighem, Bears: Without Fear, page 204:

Any of the flowering plants of genus Hedysarum.


tabebuia

(botany) Any of the plants in the genus Tabebuia.


peppernut

The edible fruit of a pepperwood tree (California laurel).


sudachi

I had a great, silly time filling my mouth with a spoonful of frozen foie gras pellets and preserved lemon, and I fell into a minor trance drinking matsutake mushroom broth perked up with a squeeze of limelike sudachi.

2015 October 27, Pete Wells, “O Ya Riffs on Sushi and Sashimi in Kips Bay”, in New York Times:

A small, sour, green citrus fruit, Citrus sudachi, native to Japan.


parasol tree

Polyscias kikuyuensis, a plant in the Araliaceae family, endemic to Kenya.


lamb's lettuce

Valerianella locusta
Valerianella locusta#Translingual

corn salad or mâche, Valerianella locusta, a small plant of the family Caprifoliaceae whose leaves are used in salads.


crow's ash

Flindersia australis, a rainforest tree from New South Wales and Queensland in Australia.


moepel

(South Africa) Mimusops zeyheri, the milkwood.


milkwood

Any of a number of trees with milky sap:

(South Africa) Mimusops zeyheri, the Transvaal red milkwood.


mintbush

Any of various bushy evergreen shrubs of the genus Prostanthera, usually with strongly aromatic leaves.


muntrie

(usually in the plural) Kunzea pomifera, a low-growing plant of southern Australia.


satinash

Any of various plants of the genus Syzygium.


dead finish

Acacia tetragonophylla, an Australian tree.


scrab

From Middle English scrabbe, variant of crabbe (“crabapple”); ultimately of Germanic origin, plausibly from North Germanic, cognate with Swedish dialect scrabba, krabbäpple.


Scotch mist

Scotch mist (countable and uncountable, plural Scotch mists)

A drink of Scotch whisky served with ice and lemon peel.


totara

Borrowed from Maori tōtara, from Proto-Polynesian *tara (“barb, prong”), from Proto-Oceanic *tala, referring to its mature leaves which resemble spines of the spot-fin porcupinefish (Diodon hystrix).


andrachne

Any of the genus Andrachne of flowering plants.


monoao

Halocarpus kirkii, a native tree of New Zealand resembling a kauri.

Manoao colensoi, a native conifer of New Zealand.


Rome Beauty

A glossy red variety of cooking apple originating near Rome Township, Lawrence County, Ohio, in the early 19th century.


spindle tree

The most dangerous pests that develop and feed in mid-field woodlots are aphids. In some seasons they lay eggs and feed within woodlots on woody plants, such as spindle trees (Euonymus spp.), guelder rose (Viburnum opulus), mock orange (Philadelphus coronarius) and buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica), which are rare in woodlots, or hawthorns (Crataegus spp.) and bird cherry (Prunus padus), which are more common there.

2000, Józef Banaszak, Ecology of Forest Islands, Bydgoszcz University Press, →ISBN, page 291:

Any of certain trees or any species belonging to the Euonymus genus, a group of flowering plants in the staff vine family.


Japanese spindle

Japanese spindle (plural Japanese spindles)

A spindle tree of species Euonymus japonicus, native to Japan, Korea and China.


West India tea

(obsolete) A shrubby plant (Capraria biflora) having oblanceolate toothed leaves sometimes used in the West Indies as a substitute for tea.


tuart

Tuart is usually a tall tree attaining 25–40 m in height and 1–2 m dbh, but in the northern part of its distribution it may be reduced to about 10–15 m in height.

2006, Douglas J. Boland et al., Forest Trees of Australia, 5th edition, CSIRO Publishing, page 284:

2009, Richard Allen, Australia's Remarkable Trees, Melbourne University Publishing (The Miegunyah Press), page 8,
Today only a quarter of the original Tuart forests and woodlands remain.

As an artist keenly attracted to Western Australian gums, specifically karris and tuarts, van Raalte prioritized imaginative figurations of trees, rather than humans, in his etchings.

2018, John C. Ryan, Forest Family: Australian Culture, Art, and Trees, page 104:

However, due to overlogging, the tuart is a protected tree with conditions placed on logging.

2019, Morris Lake, Australian Forest Woods, CSIRO Publishing, page 105:

Eucalyptus gomphocephala, an Australian tree with heavy, durable wood.


blazing star

Any plant of genus Liatris, of North America.


clary water

A composition of clary flowers with brandy, etc., formerly used as a cardiac.


Jerusalem thorn

Jerusalem thorn (plural Jerusalem thorns)

Paliurus spina-christi
Paliurus spina-christi#Translingual

The shrub Paliurus spina-christi, native to the Eastern Hemisphere.


Jerusalem sage

Phlomis fruticosa, a lamiaceous flowering plant with yellow tubular flowers and aromatic leaves.


camphorwood

a camphorwood chest

Cinnamomum camphora
Cinnamomum camphora#Translingual

The wood of Cinnamomum camphora, an evergreen tree whose leaves have a smell of camphor when crushed.


fuller's thistle

The teasel (Dipsacus fullonum) whose burs were once used by fullers in dressing cloth.


buckbrush

buckbrush (countable and uncountable, plural buckbrushes)

Any of various North American shrubs that deer feed on:


snowbrush

snowbrush (countable and uncountable, plural snowbrushes)

Ceanothus velutinus, a rhamnaceous shrub native to western North America.


mehndi

mehndi (countable and uncountable, plural mehndis)

Borrowed from Hindustani مہندی (mihandī) / मेहंदी (mehandī), from Sanskrit मेन्धिका (mendhikā).

The first lot to be put up was a tin of sugar biscuits and a jar of ‘mendy’, a pomade of native origin for dyeing the hair black.

1973, JG Farrell, The Siege of Krishnapur:

She was thirteen, a young bride whose small palms had been stained burgundy with mehndi for a man she knew nothing about, not even his name.

2023, Radhika Iyengar, Fire on the Ganges, Fourth Estate, page 53:

Lawsonia inermis
Lawsonia inermis#Translingual

(chiefly South Asia, countable) A henna plant (Lawsonia inermis) or (uncountable) a preparation of this used for dyeing.


cancer root

Any of various low plants, mostly parasitic on roots, including:


Malabar nut

The seed of an East Indian acanthaceous shrub, Justicia adhatoda, sometimes used medicinally.


incense tree

Any of several balsamic trees of the genus Bursera (or Icica, now Protium), mostly tropical American, whose gum resin is used for incense.


birdsfoot trefoil

birdsfoot trefoil (plural birdsfoot trefoils)

Lotus corniculatus
Lotus corniculatus#Translingual

Plants of certan species of genus Lotus, especially common birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), a flowering plant native to grassland in Eurasia and North Africa.


slippery elm

Mid-March 2021, at a bowling alley, I watch balls thunder down lanes and wonder if I’ve had a bowel movement since Presidents’ Day. I try: Miralax, Restoralax, magnesium citrate (liquid and powder), […] licorice root, slippery elm, beans, […].

2022 October 2, Cara Schacter, “My Year of Stress and Constipation”, in The New York Times:

Ulmus rubra, a North American elm tree with a mucilaginous and slightly aromatic inner bark.


cat's claw

Any of several species of plant having parts resembling the claw of a cat.

Senegalia greggii, formerly Acacia greggii, a tree species native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico

Mimosa nuttallii (formerly Schrankia nuttalli), a plant native to the Midwestern United States

Biancaea decapetala (Mauritius thorn, Mysore thorn, caniroc, shoofly, woody wait-a-whiile), a thorny evergreen shrub of India


bayag-kambing

A prickly shrub of species Caesalpinia crista (syn. Guilandina crista) in the Fabaceae family, with loosely spreading or climbing branches and bipinnate, prickly leaves.


birdsfoot

From bird + -s- + foot, from the short, claw-like point on the pod.

Any of various flowering plants in the genus Ornithopus.


shingle oak

Quercus imbricaria, a deciduous tree of the red oaks, native primarily to the Midwestern and Upper South regions of North America, and most commonly found growing in uplands with good drainage.


tea oil camellia

tea oil camellia (plural tea oil camellias)

Camellia oleifera
Camellia oleifera#Translingual

A kind of camellia from which most tea oil is manufactured, Camellia oleifera.


oil-seed camellia

oil-seed camellia (plural oil-seed camellias)


nandina

A Latinised version of the Japanese name for the plant, 南天 (ナンテン, nanten), first used by Carl Peter Thunberg.

(botany) Heavenly bamboo or sacred bamboo, an ornamental plant of species Nandina domestica, sole member of genus Nandina (in family Berberidaceae), native to east Asia from the Himalayas to Japan.


oak wreath

(usually historical, Ancient Rome) A chaplet of common oak leaves woven to form a crown honouring a soldier who had saved the life of a citizen in battle.

corōna cīvica

garland of oak leaves in honour of a heroic soldier


vervain mallow

Any plant of species Malva alcea, in the mallow family, native to southwestern, central and eastern Europe and southwestern Asia.


glory tree

Any of several species of the genus Clerodendrum, showy flowering shrubs of tropical regions.


kidneywood

Any of the genus Eysenhardtia of flowering plants in the legume family Fabaceae.


glory pea

Either of two similar leguminous plants with showy scarlet or crimson flowers, both of Australia and New Zealand.

Sturt's desert pea (Swainsona formosa syn. Clianthus dampieri)


fool's parsley

Aethusa cynapium, an annual umbelliferous plant that resembles parsley but is poisonous.


loblolly tree

Any of several West Indian trees with more or less leathery foliage, but otherwise dissimilar, such as Pisonia subcordata, Cordia alba, and Cupania glabra.


peppermint tree

peppermint tree (plural peppermint trees)

Maybe even a peppermint tree, broad and moppish and spicy like the ones lining Eliza's street.

2007, Craig Silvey, Jasper Jones, Allen & Unwin, published 2007, page 95:

(chiefly Australia) Any of several species of eucalypt which yield an essential oil that smells of peppermint, especially a member of the stringybark group.

(chiefly Australia) A tree of the family Myrtaceae bearing leaves that smell of peppermint, especially willow myrtle, Agonis flexuosa, often colloquially called a peppy.


dyer's broom

dyer's broom (usually uncountable, plural dyer's brooms)

Genista tinctoria
Genista tinctoria#Translingual

A species of broom, Genista tinctoria, used for dyeing yellow.


telegraph plant

telegraph plant (plural telegraph plants)

So called because the jerking motions of the leaves are thought to resemble signalling.

Codariocalyx motorius, a tropical Asian shrub, one of the few plants capable of rapid movement.


wandering Jew

The plant's name is derived from the figure of the Wandering Jew, presumably at least partly from the tendency of those plants to spread through a garden (i.e. wander).

Saxifraga stolonifera
Saxifraga stolonifera#Translingual


hyacinth bean

Lablab purpureus
Lablab purpureus#Translingual

A climbing leguminous plant (Lablab purpureus), with white or dark purple flowers, native to Africa, widely cultivated in the tropics.

perhaps extending its names in a generic fashion.

гиаци́нтовые бобы́

in botanical jargon; only grown in Transcaucasia and there allegedly called by the vulgar just фасо́ль (fasólʹ)


red ash

Fraxinus pennsylvanica, a species of ash tree native to eastern and central North America.


herb Gerard

Named after St. Gerard of Toul, who used to be invoked against the gout.

[…] Calamint given inwardly, Betony, Elecampane, Master-wort or the Herb Gerard given inwardly […]

1720, E. R. (Gent.), “Things good in general for Cramps or Convulsions of the Sinews”, in The Experienc'd Farrier; Or, Farring Compleated, page 257:

GOUT WORT, the herb Gerard, Ashweed and Jump-about.

1731, Nathan Bailey, An Universal Etymological English Dictionary:

Aegopodium podagraria
Aegopodium podagraria#Translingual

(archaic) The ground elder (Aegopodium podagraria).


Indian wheat

Indian wheat (usually uncountable, plural Indian wheats)

A plant of species Plantago ovata, a plantain that is a source of psyllium.


seven-year apple

seven-year apple (plural seven-year apples)

A rubiaceous shrub (Genipa clusiifolia) growing in the West Indies.


Scotch broom

A plant of the species Cytisus scoparius.


snowball tree

Viburnum opulus
Viburnum opulus#Translingual

A cultivar of guelder rose with globular clusters of white, sterile flowers, Viburnum opulus 'Roseum' syn. 'Sterile'.


pea bean

Phaseolus vulgaris
Phaseolus vulgaris#Translingual

Various varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris (common beans that can be eaten as string beans or cooked from dried beans).

A very small and highly esteemed variety of the edible white bean.

A bicoloured (red-brown and white) bean found in Britain.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata#Translingual


Norfolk Island pine

Norfolk Island pine (plural Norfolk Island pines)

Araucaria heterophylla (synonym Araucaria excelsa), a conifer endemic to Norfolk Island, but grown as an ornamental tree in mild climates and as a container plant indoors worldwide.


grapple plant

A South African herb (Uncarina leptocarpa) with woody fruits armed with long hooked or barbed thorns by which they adhere to cattle.


milk parsley

Peucedanum palustre, an almost glabrous biennial plant in the family Apiaceae. A thin, foetid, milky latex is found in its young parts.