march

en-verb

march (third-person singular simple present marches, present participle marching, simple past and past participle marched)

marches (present singular third-person)
marching (participle present)
marched (participle past)
marched (past)

From Middle English marchen, from Middle French marcher (“to march, walk”), from Old French marchier (“to stride, to march, to trample”), from Frankish *markōn (“to mark, mark out, to press with the foot”), from Proto-Germanic *markōną (“to mark”), akin to Persian مرز (marz), from Proto-Indo-European *merǵ- (“edge, boundary”). Akin to Old English mearc, ġemearc (“mark, boundary”). Compare mark, from Old English mearcian.

der

march to the beat of a different drummer

The column marching in double file, the instructor commands: […]

1864, United States War Department, The 1864 Field Artillery Tactics, Stackpole Books, published 2005, →ISBN, page 120:

(intransitive) To walk with long, regular strides, as a soldier does.


march

From Middle English marche (“tract of land along a country's border”), from Old French marche (“boundary, frontier”), from Frankish *marku, from Proto-Germanic *markō, from Proto-Indo-European *merǵ- (“edge, boundary”).

der

(now archaic, historical, often plural) A border region, especially one originally set up to defend a boundary.

Juan's companion was a Romagnole, / But bred within the March of old Ancona[…].

Any of various territories with similar meanings or etymologies in their native languages.


march

From Middle English merche, from Old English merċe, mereċe, from Proto-West Germanic *marik, from Proto-Indo-European *móri (“sea”). Cognate Middle Low German merk, Old High German merc, Old Norse merki (“celery”). Compare also obsolete or regional more (“carrot or parsnip”), from Proto-Indo-European *mork- (“edible herb, tuber”).


may

en-verb

may (third-person singular simple present may, no present participle, simple past might, no past participle)

may (present singular third-person)
might (past)

From Middle English mowen, mayen, moȝen, maȝen, from Old English magan, from Proto-West Germanic *magan, from Proto-Germanic *maganą, from Proto-Indo-European *megʰ-.
Cognate with Dutch mag (“may”, first- and third-person singular of mogen (“to be able to, be allowed to, may”)), Low German mögen, German mag (“like”, first- and third-person singular of mögen (“to like, want, require”)), Swedish må, Icelandic mega, megum. See also might.

cog

first- and third-person singular of <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">mogen</i> (“to be able to, be allowed to, may”)

first- and third-person singular of <i class="Latn mention" lang="de">mögen</i> (“to like, want, require”)

one may as well hang for a sheep as a lamb

there may be snow on the mountaintop but there's fire in the valley

there may be snow on the rooftop but there is fire in the furnace

the wolf may lose his teeth but never his nature

those who will not when they may, when they will they shall have nay

may you win;  may the weather be sunny

May God bless and keep you always / May your wishes all come true / May you always do for others / And let others do for you / May you build a ladder to the stars / And climb on every rung / May you stay forever young

1974, Bob Dylan (lyrics and music), “Forever Young”, in Planet Waves:

May I never miss the thrill of being near you

1984, “No More Lonely Nights”, performed by Paul McCartney:

(subjunctive present, defective, chiefly poetic) Expressing a wish (with present subjunctive effect).


deal

en-verb

deal (third-person singular simple present deals, present participle dealing, simple past and past participle dealt or (nonstandard) dealed)

deals (present singular third-person)
dealing (participle present)
dealt (participle past)
dealt (past)
dealed (nonstandard participle past)
dealed (nonstandard past)

From Middle English delen, from Old English dǣlan (“to divide, part”), from Proto-West Germanic *dailijan, from Proto-Germanic *dailijaną (“to divide, part, deal”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰail- (“part, watershed”).
Cognates
Cognate with West Frisian diele (“to divide, separate”), Dutch delen, German teilen, Swedish dela; and with Lithuanian dalinti (“divide”), Russian дели́ть (delítʹ).

cog

Wel said syr Uwayne go on your waye, and lete me dele.

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book IV, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC:

(obsolete, intransitive) To take action; to act.

syöttää

baseball slang: to pitch — see also pitch


fabaceous

en-adj

fabaceous (comparative more fabaceous, superlative most fabaceous)

more fabaceous (comparative)
most fabaceous (superlative)

From Latin fabaceus, from faba (“bean”).

The fabaceous plants rank second only to the grasses in value as ministrants to the economy of animal life, for they produce food for man and beast in vast abundance, and generally speaking, the aliments derived from this family are of the highest character in point of nourishing power, all of them contributing largely to the nourishment, not only of the muscular and bony framework, but in a peculiar degree also to the nervous system, owing to their richness in nitrogen and salts of phosphorus. In a majority of cases the fabaceous or leguminous plants have pinnated leaves, that is to say, each separate leaf consists of a series of symmetrical divisions united by a common stem.

1870, Shirley Hibberd, Field Flowers a Handy-book for the Rambling Botanist ..., page 78:

Having the nature of a bean; like a bean.


Aaron's rod

en-noun

Aaron's rod (countable and uncountable, plural Aaron's rods)

/ˈɛəɹ.ənz ɹɒd/

/ˈɛɹ.ənz ɹɑd/

A reference to Numbers 17:8, the Authorized / KJV translation of which is "And it came to pass, that on the morrow Moses went into the tabernacle of witness; and, behold, the rod of Aaron for the house of Levi was budded, and brought forth buds, and bloomed blossoms, and yielded almonds." (spelling modernized).

Verbascum thapsus
Verbascum thapsus#Translingual

The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles

Oxford University Press
w:Oxford University Press

Any of various plants with a tall flowering stem, especially:

Verbascum thapsus, the great mullein, common mullein, or hag-taper.

Goldenrod, the Solidago genus of North American plants with yellow flowers.

Hylotelephium telephium
Hylotelephium telephium#Translingual

Hylotelephium telephium (syn. Sedum telephium; orpine, livelong, or live-forever).

(archaic) A rod with one serpent twined around it, as used by Aaron (differing from the caduceus of Mercury, which has two serpents).

aaroninsauva

tall plant associated with the biblical rod of Aaron


abelmosk

abelmosk (countable and uncountable, plural abelmosks)

From New Latin abelmoschus, from Arabic حَبّ الْمِسْك (ḥabb al-misk, “pills of musk”).

der

حَبّ الْمِسْك

Egyptian Ketmia, with a perfumed or Musk-Seed..., called Abelmosch of Morison.

1719, Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, The Compleat Herbal, volume I, page 70:

Abelmosk grains are the seeds of a plant... indigenous to Central Africa, Arabia, and India.

1892, William Theodore Brannt, translated by Carl Deite, A Practical Treatise on the Manufacture of Perfumery, page 230:

Abelmoschus moschatus
Abelmoschus moschatus#Translingual

The edible and aromatic seed pods (properly, capsules) of the Abelmoschus moschatus.

Abelmosk, Abelmosch, or Abelmusk, the Syrian mallow, or musk okro, a species of hibiscus (H. abelmoschus).

1846, W. M. Buchanan, A Technological Dictionary, page 4:

The same description fits abelmosk, the Hibiscus abelmoshus, better known to the world as the East Indian dwarf okra plant.

1992, Richard A. Spears, Language & Civilization, volume I, page 43:

The tropical evergreen shrub Abelmoschus moschatus itself.

(uncommon, usually in the plural) Other members of the genus Abelmoschus, such as okra.


abhal

Juniperus communis
Juniperus communis#Translingual

The berry of the juniper, Juniperus communis.


abietite

(organic chemistry) A substance resembling mannite, found in the needles of the common silver fir of Europe (Abies alba).


acajou

en-noun

acajou (countable and uncountable, plural acajous)

/ˈæ.kəˌd͡ʒu/

Borrowed from French acajou (“cashew”), from Old Tupi akaîu. Doublet of cashew.

The head man's fury shouted out in the curve of the acajous—he insulted hunters, gendarmes, planters, and the transparent clouds lowering with the sky—before sticking the gun barrel under the chin thrust deep into solitude and a suffering that sees all.

2020, Betsy Wing, transl., Mahagony^([sic]), Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, translation of original by Édouard Glissant, →ISBN, page 105:

The wood from the mahogany tree or other trees from the family Meliaceae.

acajou:

A moderate reddish brown that is slightly yellower and stronger than mahogany.


acanthaceous

en-adj

acanthaceous (comparative more acanthaceous, superlative most acanthaceous)

more acanthaceous (comparative)
most acanthaceous (superlative)

/ˌæk.n̩ˈθeɪ.ʃəs/

/ˌæk.ænˈθeɪ.ʃəs/

(botany): Of, pertaining to, or resembling, a member of the Acanthaceae family.


orange

en-noun

orange (countable and uncountable, plural oranges)

→ Esperanto: oranĝo

→ Japanese: オレンジ (orenji)

desc

→ Kashubian: orendż (Canada, United States)

→ Korean: 오렌지 (orenji)

→ Makah: ʔo·linčas

→ Malay: oren

→ Marshallese: oran

Etymology tree
Doric Greek μῆλον (mêlon)bor.?
Latin mālum
Italian mela
Proto-Mon-Khmer *lŋaamder.?
Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga)bor.
Persian نارنگbor.
Italian arancio
Italian arancia
Old Italian melaranciacalq.
Old French Orengeinflu.
Classical Persian نَارَنْگ (nārang)bor.
Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj)bor.
Old Occitan auranjainflu.
Old French pomme d'orenge
Old French orenge
Middle French orangebor.
Middle English orenge
English orange
Inherited from Middle English orenge, orange, from Old French pome orenge (“fruit orange”), influenced by the place name Orange (which is from Gaulish and unrelated to the word for the fruit and color) and by Old Occitan auranja and calqued from Old Italian melarancio, melarancia, compound of mela (“apple”) and un'arancia (“an orange”), from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Early Classical Persian نَارَنْگْ (nārang), from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga, “orange tree”), ultimately from Dravidian. Compare Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy), compound of நாரம் (nāram, “water”) and காய் (kāy, “fruit”); also Telugu నారంగము, నారింజ (nāraṅgamu, nāriñja), Malayalam നാരങ്ങ (nāraṅṅa), Kannada ನಾರಂಗಿ (nāraṅgi)).
Originally borrowed as the surname (derived from the place name) in the 13th century, before the sense of the fruit was imported in the late 14th century and the color in 1510. In the color sense, largely displaced ġeolurēad, whence yellow-red.

cog

Tamil நாரங்காய் (nāraṅkāy)

నారంగము, నారింజ

橘子

technically "tangerine", but often used as "orange"

there's more than one way to peel an orange

Citrus sinensis
Citrus sinensis#Translingual

(countable) An evergreen tree of the genus Citrus such as Citrus sinensis which yields oranges (the fruit).

(countable) Any round citrus fruit with a yellow-red colour when ripe and a sour-sweet taste; the fruit of the orange tree.

(countable) Specifically, a sweet orange or Citrus sinensis.


apple

qualifier

< <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">apples</i>

→ Abenaki: aples (< apples)

→ Arikara: ápos (< apples)

→ Assamese: আপেল (apel)

→ Bengali: আপেল (apel)

→ Dhivehi: އާފަލު (āfalu)

→ East Futuna: apo

→ Fijian: yapolo

→ Fiji Hindi: aapul

→ Finnish: äpyli

→ Malay: epal (Malaysia)

→ Malayalam: ആപ്പിൾ (āppiḷ)

→ Maori: āporo

→ Marshallese: abōļ

→ Sinhalese: ඇපල් (æpal)

→ Sotho: apole

Sylheti: ꠀꠄꠚꠟ (aefól)

→ Tamil: ஆப்பிள் (āppiḷ)

→ Telugu: ఆపిల్ (āpil)

desc

→ Thai: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)

→ Thai: แอปเปิล (ɛ́p-bpə̂n)

→ Tokelauan: apu

→ Tok Pisin: apel

→ Yurok: 'erplers (< apples)

Book of Genesis
Frans Floris
Malmö Art Museum
The Fall of Man

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl
Proto-Germanic *aplaz
Proto-West Germanic *applu
Old English æppel
Middle English appel
English apple
The noun is derived from Middle English appel (“Malus domestica fruit or tree, apple; any type of fruit, nut, or tuber; tree bearing fruit; (figurative) ball, sphere; (Christianity) forbidden fruit in Eden”), from Old English æppel (“apple; any type of fruit; (figurative) ball, sphere; eyeball”), from Proto-West Germanic *applu (“apple; any type of fruit”), from Proto-Germanic *aplaz (“apple; any type of fruit”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl, *h₂ébl̥ (“apple”).
As regards sense 1.4 (“forbidden fruit”), the type of fruit eaten by Adam and Eve is not identified in the Book of Genesis in the Bible. It may have come to be identified with the apple because of the similarity between Latin mālum (“apple”) and malum (“evil; misery, torment; wrongdoing”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Cognates
Cognate with Danish æble, Dutch appel, German Apfel, Irish úll, Lithuanian óbuolỹs, Russian я́блоко (jábloko), Scots aipple, Swedish äpple, Welsh afal, West Frisian apel, possibly Ancient Greek ἄμπελος (ámpelos, “vine”).

ref

From the collection of the Malmö Art Museum in Malmö, Scania, Sweden.

omena

something which resembles the fruit of Malus domestica

the apple doesn't fall far from the tree

the apples on the other side of the wall are the sweetest

Him [man] by fraud I [Satan] have ſeduc'd / From his Creator, and the more to increaſe / Your vvonder, vvith an Apple; […]

1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC, signature [Ll4], recto, lines 485–487:

I read and re-read her letter, and some softened feelings stole into my heart, and dared to whisper paradisiacal dreams of love and joy; but the apple was already eaten, and the angel's arm bared to drive me from all hope.

1816 June – 1817 April/May (date written), [Mary Shelley], chapter V, in Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. […], volume III, London: […] [Macdonald and Son] for Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones, published 1 January 1818, →OCLC, page 102:

Yes, of all human follies, love, / Methinks, hath served me best. / The Apple had done but little for me / If Eve had not done the rest.

1829, Robert Southey, “All for Love, or A Sinner Well Saved. Canto II.”, in All for Love; and The Pilgrim to Compostela, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, page 20:

Yes, fair Eve, just as Adam ate the apple, so beware!

1871, Harriet Beecher Stowe, “Congratulations, etc.”, in My Wife and I: Or, Harry Henderson’s History, New York, N.Y.: J. B. Ford and Company, →OCLC, page 399:

Yes mam. Woman ate the apple, and discovered sex, and lost all shame, and lift^([sic]) up her fig-leaf, and she must suffer the pains of hell. Monthly.

1975 (date written), Barry Reckord, “White Witch”, in For the Reckord: A Collection of Three Plays, London: Oberon Books, published 2010, →ISBN:

Sharon you've got a husband / And a family and a farm / I've got the apple of temptation / And a diamond snake around my arm

1976, Joni Mitchell (lyrics and music), “Song for Sharon”, in Hejira, Los Angeles, Calif.: Asylum Records, →OCLC:

A common, firm, round fruit produced by a tree of the genus Malus.

(Christianity) According to postbiblical Christian tradition, the fruit of the tree of knowledge which was eaten by Adam and Eve despite God commanding them not to do so; the forbidden fruit.

(obsolete, botany) Synonym of pome (“a type of fruit in which the often edible flesh arises from the swollen base of the flower and not from the carpels”)

pome

My ancestors five generations removed were "apples" who were "White" on the inside and "Red" on the outside. […] We need a new breed of "apples."

1996, Joel Spring, “From Thomas Jefferson to Henry Ford: The End of the Choctaw Republic”, in The Cultural Transformation of A Native American Family and Its Tribe 1763–1995: A Basket of Apples, Abingdon, Oxfordshire; New York, N.Y.: Routledge, published 2011, →DOI, →ISBN, part II (The Choctaw Republic and Its People):

The presenter, close to tears, told the audience that she's really an apple—white on the inside and red on the outside—Native American.

1998, Opal J. Moore, “‘From the Back of the Bus to the Back of the National Priority List’: The Civil Rights Movement, Integration, and beyond [Git that Gal a Red Dress: A Conversation Between Female Faculty at a State School in Virginia]”, in Daryl Cumber Dance, editor, Honey, Hush! An Anthology of African American Women’s Humor, New York, N.Y.: W[illiam] W[arder] Norton & Company, →ISBN, page 537:

(US, derogatory, ethnic slur) A Native American or redskinned person who acts or thinks like a white (Caucasian) person.

Native American
Native American#Adjective


acacia

en-noun

acacia (countable and uncountable, plural acacias or acaciae)

→ Pohnpeian: akesia

From Latin acacia, from Ancient Greek ἀκακία (akakía, “shittah tree”), either from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) (compare ἀκή (akḗ, “point”)) or more likely a Pre-Greek word. First attested before 1398. Doublet of cassie.

der

Robinia pseudoacacia
Robinia pseudoacacia#Translingual

A false acacia; robinia tree (Robinia pseudoacacia).


acanthus

From Latin acanthus, from Ancient Greek ἄκανθος (ákanthos), from ἀκή (akḗ, “thorn”) + ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”).

The picture before which they paused represented one of those ruined fountains so common to Italy. Francesca gazed upon it as if it had been an old friend: many a time, beside such a one, with its curved and broken marble, had she wreathed the acanthus that hung around it, the green and trailing foliage so profuse in the South, into shapes even more fanciful than those which once suggested the Corinthian capital.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC:

A member of the genus Acanthus of herbaceous prickly plants with toothed leaves, (family Acanthaceae, order Lamiales (formerly Scrophulariales)) found in the south of Europe, Asia Minor, and India.


ache

From Middle English ache, from Old French ache, from Latin apium (“celery”). Reinforced by modern French ache.


henna

en-noun

henna (countable and uncountable, plural hennas)

→ Greek: χένα (chéna)

Borrowed from Arabic حِنَّاء (ḥinnāʔ), the name of the tree used to make the dye, probably from Middle Persian [script needed] (*hannāy-, “to smear, anoint”).

der

Lawsonia inermis
Lawsonia inermis#Translingual

(countable) A shrub, Lawsonia inermis, having fragrant reddish flowers


cherry

→ Bengali: চেরি (ceri)

→ Burmese: ချယ်ရီ (hkyairi)

→ Cantonese: 車厘子 /车厘子 (ce¹ lei⁴ zi²)

→ Hindi: चेरी (cerī)

→ Japanese: チェリー (cherī)

→ Kapampangan: tiéri

→ Korean: 체리 (cheri)

→ Malay: ceri

Indonesian: ceri

→ Maori: tiere

→ Punjabi: ਚੈਰੀ f (cairī)

→ Spanish: cherry

→ Swahili: cheri

→ Urdu: چیری (cerī)

→ Thai: เชอร์รี (chəə-rîi)

From Middle English chery, cherie, chirie, from Anglo-Norman cherise (mistaken as a plural) and Old English ċiris, ċirse (“cherry”), both ultimately from Vulgar Latin ceresia, derived from Late Latin ceresium, cerasium, from Ancient Greek κεράσιον (kerásion, “cherry fruit”), from κερασός (kerasós, “bird cherry”), and ultimately possibly of Anatolian origin (the intervocalic σ suggests a pre-Greek origin for the word). Doublet of cerise and kirsch.

dwarf cherry

P. fruticosa, P. pumila; Exocarpus strictus

Prunus subg. Cerasus
Prunus subg. Cerasus#Translingual

Prunus subg. Cerasus, trees or shrubs that bear cherries.

Non-isomorphism is detected whenever the algorithm finds a cherry v#95;1#92;inT#95;1

2004, Suleyman Cenk Sahinalp, S Muthukrishnan, Ugur Dogrusoz, Combinatorial Pattern Matching, Berlin […] : Springer-Verlag, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 210:

Step 3: Output the tree T. The edge lengths of T are determined recursively: If (x,y) is a cherry connected to node z as in Step 2

2005, Lior Pachter, Bernd Sturmfels, Algebraic Statistics for Computational Biology, Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 74:

(graph theory) A subtree consisting of a node with exactly two leaves.

kahdesta lehtisolmusta koostuva alipuu

graph theory: subtree consisting of two nodes

The Indians have to get early wickets on the morrow and they will have the option of taking the new cherry.

2000, Woorkheri Raman, “Indians adopt safety first tactics”, in ESPNcricinfo, archived from the original on 2022-07-07, retrieved 2024-11-25:

Players are back out and it's Harmison to have first go with the cherry.

2007, Ben Dirs, “England v West Indies 1st Test”, in BBC Sport, archived from the original on 2016-04-09, retrieved 2024-11-25:


cherry

en-adj

cherry (comparative cherrier or more cherry, superlative cherriest or most cherry)

cherrier (comparative)
more cherry (comparative)
cherriest (superlative)
most cherry (superlative)

cornelian cherry

Cornus subg. Arctocrania, C. subg. Cornus, C. mas

A few years earlier, I’d restored my ’65 Mustang convertible to cherry condition—fire engine red, with matching tuck-and-roll—and I wasn’t surprised that it drew attention.

2003, John Morgan Wilson, Blind Eye, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, →ISBN, page 108:

All of my action figures are cherry

2006, “White & Nerdy”, in "Weird Al" Yankovic (lyrics), Straight Outta Lynwood, performed by "Weird Al" Yankovic:

(informal, often of cars) In excellent condition; mint condition.


grapefruit

en-noun

grapefruit (countable and uncountable, plural grapefruits or grapefruit)

grapefruits (plural)
grapefruit (plural)

→ Danish: grapefrugt (partial calque)

→ Dutch: grapefruit

→ Faroese: greypfrukt (partial calque)

→ German: Grapefruit

Norwegian:

desc

→ Norwegian Bokmål: grapefrukt (partial calque)

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: grapefrukt (partial calque)

→ Polish: grejpfrut

desctree

→ Russian: грейпфру́т (grejpfrút)
→ Armenian: գրեյպֆրուտ (greypfrut)
→ Georgian: გრეიპფრუტი (greiṗpruṭi)
→ Kazakh: грейпфрут (greipfrut)
→ Ukrainian: гре́йпфру́т (hréjpfrút)

→ Swedish: grapefrukt (partial calque)

→ Turkish: greyfurt

Widely assumed to be a marketing term from grape + fruit, an allusion to the supposed grapelike clusters of fruit on the tree, early 19th c. Ciardi proposes another theory: one of the pomelo's botanical names is Citrus grandis, meaning "great citrus [fruit]", due to the size of its fruit. A new pomelo variety might first have been called a "greatfruit" (see greatfruit), and through the process of assimilation, the word came to be pronounced "grapefruit".

Results have begun to come in and at Comfort Castle this month I spent a useful and happy half day carting round 8 children in my car to their homes where we all helped to fill in with good soil and manure, their excellently dug holes and planted the grapefruit.

Citrus paradisi
Citrus paradisi#Translingual

Citrus maxima
Citrus maxima#Translingual

The tree of the species Citrus paradisi, a hybrid of Citrus maxima and sweet orange.


citrus

en-noun

citrus (plural citruses or (formal) citri or (rare) citrusses)

citruses (plural)
citri (formal plural)
citrusses (plural rare)

From Latin citrus (“citron tree, thuja”), probably via Etruscan from Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros); compare Middle English citurtre, cytyr tre. Thus a possible doublet of cedar.

Any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Citrus in the family Rutaceae.


trumpet

From Middle English trumpet, trumpette, trompette (“trumpet”), from Old French trompette (“trumpet”), diminutive of trompe (“horn, trump, trumpet”), from Frankish *trumpa, *trumba (“trumpet”), ultimately imitative.
Cognate with Old High German trumpa, trumba (“horn, trumpet”), Middle Dutch tromme (“drum”), Middle Low German trumme (“drum”), Old Norse trumba (“pipe; trumpet”). More at drum.
Displaced native English beme, from Middle English beme, from Old English bīeme.

onomatopoeic

imitative

A funnel, or short flaring pipe, used as a guide or conductor, as for yarn in a knitting machine.

A powerful reed stop in organs, having a trumpet-like sound.

Any of various flowering plants with trumpet-shaped flowers, for example, of the genus Collomia.


tuba

From Latin tuba (“tube, trumpet, military trumpet”), first borrowed as a historic term in the 18th century. The name of the modern instrument was borrowed in the 19th century from German Tuba (“tuba”), originally Baß-Tuba (literally “bass tuba”), from the same Latin source. The Latin term is of obscure ultimate origin, but is possibly connected to tībia (“shinbone, reed-pipe”), see there.


queen

Tok Pisin: kwin

desc

⇒ American Sign Language: G@Shoulder-PalmDown G@Abdomen-PalmDown

→ Burmese: ကွင်း (kwang:)

→ German: Queen

→ Japanese: クイーン (kuīn), クィーン (kwīn)

→ Korean: 퀸 (kwin)

→ Marshallese: kwiin

→ Sikaiana: kuini

→ Spanish: cuina

→ Thai: ควีน (kwiin)

From Middle English quene, queen, cwen, from Old English cwēn (“queen”), from Proto-West Germanic *kwāni, from Proto-Germanic *kwēniz (“woman”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷénh₂s (“woman”).
Cognate with Scots queen, wheen (“queen”), Old Saxon quān ("wife"; > Middle Low German quene (“elderly woman”)), Dutch kween (“woman past child-bearing age”), Swedish kvinna (“woman”), Norwegian kvinne (“woman”), Danish kvinde (“woman”), Icelandic kvon (“wife”), Gothic 𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃 (qēns, “wife”), Norwegian dialectal kvån (“wife”). Related to and possibly merged with and/or absorbed some senses of English quean, from Middle English quene, from Old English cwene (“woman; female serf, quean”), see quean. Generally eclipsed non-native Middle English regina (“queen”), borrowed from Latin rēgīna (“queen”) (see Modern English regina). Doublet of quean and gyne.

gloss

"wife"; > Middle Low German <i class="Latn mention" lang="gml">quene</i> (“elderly woman”)

cog

[…] and yet I will not ſay but amongſt duſt there is Pearle found, and in hard rockes Dyamonds of great value, and ſo amongſt many women there are ſome good, as that gracious and glorious Queene of all woman kinde the Virgin Mary the mother of al bliſſe, what wun her honour, but an humble minde and her paines and loue vnto our Sauiour Chriſt.

1620, Thomas Tell-Troth [pseudonym of Joseph Swetnam], The Araignment of Lewd, Idle, Froward, and Unconstant Women: Or the Vanitie of Them, Choose You Whether, London, published 1807, retrieved 2022-01-14:

A woman whose pre-eminence, power, or forcefulness is comparable to that of a queen.

(Christianity) The Virgin Mary (especially in formulations such as Queen of Heaven, Queen of Glory).


jack

→ Brazilian Portuguese: jegue

→ European Portuguese: jaque

Transferred use of the personal name Jack.
(cricket: eleventh batsman): An allusion to the jack in playing cards, which follows the 10.

náłbiil bijaadbee dahnádidlohí

device for raising and supporting a heavy object

jekker

military: coarse medieval coat of defense

(obsolete) A machine for twisting the sliver as it leaves a carding machine, in the preparation of yarn.

(apparently does not occur standalone for the genus per se) Plant of the genus Emex, also considered synonymous to Rumex, if not then containing two species lesser jack and little jack for Emex spinosa syn. Rumex spinosus, Australian English three-corner jack and prickly jack for Emex australis syn. Rumex hypogaeus.


Spanish chestnut

en-noun

Spanish chestnut (plural Spanish chestnuts)

Castanea sativa
Castanea sativa#Translingual

Castanea sativa, a deciduous tree with edible deep brown nutlike fruits. The fruits have a little white, fluffy tail.


kiwi fruit

kiwi fruit (plural kiwi fruit or kiwi fruits)

kiwi fruit (plural)
kiwi fruits (plural)

Trade name used by exporters for one of several varieties selectively bred in New Zealand; named after the endemic New Zealand bird, the kiwi, because the fruit's fuzzy brown skin resembles the plumage of the bird. From Maori kiwi (“kiwi bird”).

LOOKING FOR SOMETHING DIFFERENT? Unusual! Exotic! KIWI FRUITS · PRICKLY PEARS · POMEGRANATES

1968 October 2, “Kroger”, in The Salem News, volume 80, number 246, Salem, Oh., page 12, column 3:

Kiwi: Kiwi fruits are imported from New Zealand. Sometimes called Chinese gooseberries, these brown fuzzy-skinned fruits will be soft to the touch, like an avocado, when ripe. To serve this fruit, peel and slice.

1969, “Guide to Buying Fruit”, in “Buying, Storing, and Preparing”, in Better Homes and Gardens Salad Book, New York, N.Y.; Des Moines, Ia.: Better Homes and Gardens Books, published 1970 (2nd printing), page 146, column 1:

This particular program, he [Graham Kerr] told us, would be about the finest dish in the world—which turned out to be called Veal Cutlets Yerex. Natch. For this you apparently needed three kiwi fruits, but the idea infuriated him. “It’s not a kiwi fruit,” he told us. “That’s just the stupid, vulgar, idiotic, irresponsible name the New Zealand government has given it. It’s a Chinese gooseberry—obviously.”

1969 May 10, Cleveland Amory, “Review: The Galloping Gourmet”, in Merrill Panitt, editor, TV Guide, volume 17, number 19 (841 overall), Radnor, Pa.: Triangle Publications, Inc., →ISSN, page 32, columns 1–2:

Like you? You want me to see the world as you do? Pricks as bananas, twats as tacos, and tits as mangoes, kiwi fruits, and ten different kinds of melon?! At the aquarium, do you see fish? At the funhouse, do you have fun? Making love?—fruit salad!

1985, Samuel Shem [pseudonym; Stephen Joseph Bergman], chapter 8, in Fine: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s/Marek, →ISBN, page 76:

A small bottle of sparkling Rhineland wine was the centrepiece; beside it was a large marzipan pastry topped with strawberries. Kiwi fruits, grapes and pears were set around it.

1987, Christina Hardyment, “Picking up Gold and Silver”, in Heidi’s Alp: One Family’s Search for Storybook Europe, Book Club edition, New York, N.Y.: The Atlantic Monthly Press, →OCLC, page 100:

Actinidia deliciosa
Actinidia deliciosa#Translingual

A Chinese gooseberry vine fruit, having a hairy brown skin and dark green (or in the case of the kiwi fruit gold, yellow) flesh with fine black seeds, almost always varieties of Actinidia deliciosa.


finger

Sranan Tongo: finga

PIE word
 *pénkʷe
From Middle English fynger, finger, from Old English finger (“finger”), from Proto-West Germanic *fingr, from Proto-Germanic *fingraz (“finger”), from Proto-Indo-European *penkʷrós, from *pénkʷe (“five”). Compare West Frisian finger, Low German/German Finger, Dutch vinger, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish finger; also Old Armenian հինգեր-որդ (hinger-ord, “fifth”). More at five.

sormi

something similar in function to a finger

a piece of steel three fingers thick

1648, John Wilkins, Mathematical Magick:

(units of measure) Various units of measure based or notionally based on the adult human finger, particularly

(historical) Synonym of digit: former units of measure notionally based on its width but variously standardized, (especially) the English digit of ¹⁄₁₆ foot (about 1.9 cm).

digit

(historical) A unit of length notionally based on the length of an adult human's middle finger, standardized as 4½ inches (11.43 cm).

(historical) Synonym of digit: ¹⁄₁₂ the observed diameter of the sun or moon, (especially) with regard to eclipses.

digit

Gimme three fingers of bourbon.

(originally US) An informal measure of alcohol based on its height in a given glass compared to the width of the pourer's fingers while holding it.


rue

From Middle English rewe, reowe, from Old English hrēow (“sorrow, regret, penitence, repentance, penance”), from Proto-West Germanic *hreuwu (“pain, sadness, regret, repentance”). Cognates include German reuen (“to regret, to repent”) and Dutch berouwen (“to regret, to repent”).
Probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krows-. If so, note the same sense evolution with in this case cognate Russian круши́ть (krušítʹ, “to destroy, to shatter”), Russian сокруша́ться (sokrušátʹsja, “to be distressed, to grieve (for, over)”). Also compare Czech truchlit from Proto-Slavic *truxlъ.

cog

сокруша́ться

When I was one-and-twenty I heard him say again,
 "The heart out of the bosom was never given in vain;
 'Tis paid with sighs aplenty and sold for endless rue."
 And I am two-and-twenty, and oh, 'tis true, 'tis true.

1896, A[lfred] E[dward] Housman, “[Poem] XIII”, in A Shropshire Lad, New York, N.Y.: John Lane Company, The Bodley Head, published 1906, →OCLC, stanza 2, page 21:

(archaic or dialectal) Sorrow; repentance; regret.


rue

en-verb

rue (third-person singular simple present rues, present participle ruing or rueing, simple past and past participle rued)

rues (present singular third-person)
ruing (participle present)
rueing (participle present)
rued (participle past)
rued (past)

From Middle English rewen, ruwen, ruen, reowen, from Old English hrēowan (“to rue; make sorry; grieve”), perhaps influenced by Old Norse hryggja (“to distress, grieve”), from Proto-Germanic *hrewwaną (“to sadden; repent”).

inh

to rue the day

I rued the day I crossed paths with her.

I wept to see, and rued it from my heart.

1614–1615, Homer, “(please specify the book number)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume (please specify the book number), London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC:

Thy will chose freely what it now so justly rues.

1667, John Milton, “Book IV”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC:

And feminization of the homeland is something to be rued, while the feminized humiliation of the enemy for the sake of the fatherland is cause for commendation and celebration.

2009, David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race:

And was the fact she was no longer losing large chunks of time something to be celebrated or something to be rued?

“If we get in a fight, you'll be ruing your lack of training.”

Nicola Sturgeon rues descent into ‘toxic’ debate on topics such as equal marriage [title]

2024 December 16, Libby Brooks, “Nicola Sturgeon rues descent into ‘toxic’ debate on topics such as equal marriage”, in The Guardian, →ISSN:

(transitive) To repent of or regret (some past action or event); to wish that a past action or event had not taken place.

разкайвам се

to repent or regret a past action or event

(obsolete, transitive) To cause to repent of sin or regret some past action.

1842, Nicholas Ridley, The Life of Nicholas Ridley
which stirred men's hearts to rue upon them

(archaic, intransitive) To feel compassion or pity.


rue

From Middle English rue, from Anglo-Norman ruwe, Old French rue, from Latin rūta, from Ancient Greek ῥυτή (rhutḗ).

But th'aged Nourse, her calling to her bowre, / Had gathered Rew, and Savine, and the flowre / Of Camphora, and Calamint, and Dill [...].

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Ophelia:
There’s fennel for you, and columbines: there’s rue for you; and here’s some for me: we may call it herb-grace o' Sundays: O you must wear your rue with a difference.

c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene v]:

The life of one plant would be affected by another. Rue was definitely hostile to basil, rosemary to hyssop, but coriander, dill and chervil lived on the friendliest of terms[.]

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 253:

Ruta graveolens
Ruta graveolens#Translingual

Any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta, especially the herb Ruta graveolens (common rue), formerly used in medicines.

سُذَاب

any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta


chocolate

en-noun

chocolate (countable and uncountable, plural chocolates)

→ Assamese: চক্লেট (soklet)

→ Bengali: চকলেট (cokoleṭ)

→ Burmese: ချောကလက် (hkyau:ka.lak)

→ Cantonese: 朱古力 (zyu¹ gu²⁻¹ lik⁶⁻¹)

→ Hakka: 朱古力

→ Teochew: 朱古力

→ Cebuano: tsokoleyt

→ Chickasaw: chaklit

→ Gujarati: ચોકલેટ (cokleṭ)

→ Hawaiian: kokoleka

→ Hindustani:

desc

→ Hindi: चॉकलेट (cŏkleṭ, cŏkaleṭ), चाकलेट (cākleṭ)

→ Urdu: چاکلیٹ (cāklēṭ)

→ Urdu: چاکلیٹ (cāklēṭ)

→ Irish: seacláid

→ Japanese: チョコレート (chokorēto), チョコ (choko)

→ Taiwanese Hokkien: chio͘-kó͘-lè-tò͘

→ Kannada: ಚಾಕೋಲೆಟ್ (cākōleṭ)

→ Korean: 초콜릿 (chokollit)

→ Malay: coklat

→? Hokkien: 芝居力

→ Malayalam: ചോക്കലേറ്റ് (cōkkalēṟṟŭ)

→ Malayalam: ചോക്കലേറ്റ് (cōkkalēṟṟŭ)

→ Manx: shocklaid

→ Marathi: चॉकलेट (cŏkleṭ)

→ Nepali: चकलेट (cakleṭ)

→ Pashto: چاکلېټ (čākléṭ)

→ Pashto: چاکلېټ (čākléṭ)

→ Persian: چاکلیت (čâklêt) (Dari)

→ Punjabi:

→ Gurmukhi script: ਚੌਕਲੇਟ (caukleṭ)

→ Shahmukhi script: چاکلیٹ (caukleṭ)

→ Scottish Gaelic: teòclaid

→ Shanghainese: 巧克力 (⁵chiau-kheq-liq; ¹chiau-kheq-liq)

→ Mandarin: 巧克力 (qiǎokèlì)

→ Hakka: 巧克力

→ Sindhi: چاڪليٽ

→ Sindhi: چاڪليٽ

→ Sinhalese: චොකලට් (cokalaṭ)

→ Swahili: chokoleti

→ Tamil: சாக்கலேட் (cākkalēṭ)

→ Tamil: சாக்கலேட் (cākkalēṭ)

→ Telugu: చాకొలెట్ (cākoleṭ)

→ Thai: ช็อกโกแลต (chɔ́k-goo-lɛ́t), ช็อกโกเลต (chɔ́k-goo-lét)

→ Welsh: siocled

Etymology tree
Classical Nahuatl chocolatlbor.
Spanish chocolatebor.
English chocolate
Via Spanish chocolate from a Nahuatl word, widely given as chocolātl (with the second element being a reflex of Classical Nahuatl ātl (“water”)), although such a word does not appear in Nahuatl until the mid-18th century according to Karttunen. Dakin and Wichmann propose chicolātl as the original form (saying it survives in several modern Nahuatl dialects) and say the chicol- element refers to a special wooden stick used to prepare chocolate. Another theory is that the prefix came from Yucatec Maya chocol (“hot”).

etymon

Chocolate is a very popular treat.

(chiefly uncountable) A food made from ground roasted cocoa beans.

巧克力

chhiàu-kher-lí / chhiàu-khér-lí / chhiàu-kho-lí


chocolate

en-adj

chocolate (comparative more chocolate, superlative most chocolate)

more chocolate (comparative)
most chocolate (superlative)

She was a chocolate honey with all the assets necessary to never have to work hard to pay her bills.

2005, Patrick Goines, Unfinished Business, page 29:

Therefore, African Americans complexion range from fair to mahogony. When a baby is born, it's always a mystery of the hue of the child. Sometimes the child will be as white as the slave owner or as chocolate as a great great grandparent.

2010, Delores J. Dillard, Papua, New Guinea, 1983, page 27:

If you are as chocolate as an African queen, do you really think you'll look better as a bottle blonde?

2011, Stephanie Stokes Oliver, Daily Cornbread, page 200:

(slang) Black (relating to any of various ethnic groups having dark pigmentation of the skin).


chocolate

en-verb

chocolate (third-person singular simple present chocolates, present participle chocolating, simple past and past participle chocolated)

chocolates (present singular third-person)
chocolating (participle present)
chocolated (participle past)
chocolated (past)

Other formulations have been adopted to supply these growth factors; these include heating or "chocolating" the blood agar to release NAD directly from the erythrocytes in the agar medium.

1992 August 13, R. Rennie, “Laboratory and Clinical Evaluations of Media for the Primary Isolation of Haemophilus Species”, in Journal of Clinical Microbiology, volume 30, number 8, page 1917:

It is a chocolated blood agar but here whole horse blood is used.

2000, Ochei Et Al, Medical Laboratory Science : Theory And Practice, page 843:

The mixture is incubated at 75°C until chocolating has taken place.

2003, Mark A. Herbert, Haemophilus influenzae Protocols, page 73:

(rare, biology) To treat blood agar by heating in order to lyse the red blood cells in the medium.


fuchsia

From New Latin, after the genus Fuchsia, itself named after German botanist Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566).

named-after

Drenched were the cold fuchsias, round pearls of dew lay on the flat nasturtium leaves

1922, Katherine Mansfield, At The Bay (Selected Stories, Oxford World's Classics paperback 2002, 281)

A popular garden plant, of the genus Fuchsia, of the Onagraceae family, shrubs with red, pink or purple flowers.


bergamot

en-noun

bergamot (countable and uncountable, plural bergamots)

From French bergamote, from Italian bergamotta, from Ottoman Turkish بك آرمودی (beg armudu, literally “a lord's pear”), denoting a fattish kind of pear. The European word developed the sense of a fruit of a certain citrus cultivar in the late 17th century.

der

/ˈbɜːɡəˌmɒt/

A tree of the orange family (Citrus × limon, syn. Citrus bergamia), having a roundish or pear-shaped fruit, from the rind of which an essential oil of delicious odor is extracted, much prized as a perfume.

Either of two plants of the mint family noted for their bergamot-like scent:

Mentha × piperita, nothosubspecies citrata, more commonly known as bergamot mint

Monarda didyma, also known as American bergamot or bee balm.

Monarda didyma
Monarda didyma#Translingual


indigo

en-noun

indigo (countable and uncountable, plural indigos or indigoes)

/ˈɪn.dɪˌɡəʊ/

16th century (as indico, modern spelling from the 17th century), Spanish índigo, Portuguese endego (modern índigo), or Dutch (via Portuguese) indigo, all from Latin indicum (“indigo”), from Ancient Greek ἰνδικόν (indikón, “Indian dye”), from Ἰνδία (Indía). Doublet of Indic.

der

An indigo plant, such as from species in genera Indigofera, Amorpha (false indigo), Baptisia (wild indigo), and Psorothamnus and Dalea (indigo bush).


ebony

en-noun

ebony (usually uncountable, plural ebonies)

From earlier heben, hebeny, from Middle English ebenif, hebenyf (influenced by Late Latin hebeninus), from Ecclesiastical Latin ebenius (“of ebony”), from Latin hebenus (“ebon tree”), from Ancient Greek ἔβενος (ébenos), from Egyptian hbnj, U13:n-Z4:M3

(uncountable) A hard, dense, deep black wood from various subtropical and tropical trees, especially of the genus Diospyros.

“You live up the road past the ebony tree, right?” he asked, looking past me.

2018, Nnedi Okorafor, Who Fears Death, HarperVoyager, page 51:

(countable) A tree that yields such wood.


ebony

en-adj

ebony (comparative more ebony, superlative most ebony)

more ebony (comparative)
most ebony (superlative)

He called the ebony mistress of the establishment to him, and speaking to her kindly and winningly, as any dutiful husband should, told her to make the change, which she did.

1864, George Adams Fisher, The Yankee conscript: or, Eighteen months in Dixie:

No attempt was made in her new home to discontinue or even to conceal the presence of an ebony mistress and a thriving family of little mulattoes...

1931, Catherine MacFarlane Carswell, The life of Robert Burns:

Want to watch my gorgeous ebony friend, Almond Joy, naked and online 24/7? She recently ended a long-term relationship and is now fully enjoying being a 25 year-old single gal in Beverly Hills.

2004, Alyssa, “Ebony Girls Need Attention”, in alt.sex.escorts (Usenet):

Dark-skinned; black; especially in reference to African-Americans.


lavender

en-noun

lavender (countable and uncountable, plural lavenders)

From Middle English lavendre, from Anglo-Norman lavendre (French lavande), from Medieval Latin lavendula, possibly from Latin lividus (“bluish”), but influenced by lavō (“wash”) due to use of lavender in washing clothes.

Any of a group of European plants, genus, Lavandula, of the mint family.


olive

From Middle English olyve, from Old French olive (“olive, olive tree”), from Latin olīva (“olive”), from Etruscan *𐌄𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌅𐌀 (*eleiva) or Proto-Greek *ἐλαίϝα (*elaíwa), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *loiwom (compare Old Church Slavonic лои (loi, “tallow”), Old Armenian եւղ (ewł, “oil”)). Doublet of oliva. Displaced native Old English eleberġe, literally "oil berry."

Olea europaea
Olea europaea#Translingual

A tree, Olea europaea, cultivated since ancient times in the Mediterranean for its fruit and the oil obtained from it.


plum

→ Cornish: ploum

→ Haida: pláms

→ Manx: plumbis

→ Japanese: プラム (puramu)

→ Scottish Gaelic: plumas

→ Thai: พลัม (plam)

From Middle English plomme, ploume, from Old English plūme, from Proto-West Germanic *plūmā, borrowed from Latin prūnum. Doublet of prune.

Indian plum

esp Flacourtia indica; Osmaronia cerasiformis

An edible, fleshy stone fruit of Prunus domestica (European plum), often of a dark red or purple colour.

Prunus domestica
Prunus domestica#Translingual

The edible, fleshy stone fruit of several species resembling the plum, or the tree from which they grow.

Prunus sect. Prunocerasus North American plums

Prunus angustifolia (Chickasaw plum or sand plum)

Prunus angustifolia
Prunus angustifolia#Translingual

Prunus nigra (Canadian plum or black plum)

Prunus rivularis (creek plum or hog plum)

Prunus subcordata (Klamath plum or Oregon plum)

Prunus subcordata
Prunus subcordata#Translingual


lilac

From obsolete French lilac (now lilas), from Arabic لِيلَك (līlak).

Breezes blowing from beds of iris quickened her breath with their perfume; she saw the tufted lilacs sway in the wind, and the streamers of mauve-tinted wistaria swinging, all a-glisten with golden bees; she saw a crimson cardinal winging through the foliage, and amorous tanagers flashing like scarlet flames athwart the pines.

1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, “Afterglow”, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 168:

Syringa vulgaris
Syringa vulgaris#Translingual

A large shrub of the genus Syringa, especially Syringa vulgaris, bearing white, pale-pink, or purple flowers.


russet

en-verb

russet (third-person singular simple present russets, present participle russeting or russetting, simple past and past participle russeted or russetted)

russets (present singular third-person)
russeting (participle present)
russetting (participle present)
russeted (participle past)
russeted (past)
russetted (participle past)
russetted (past)

From Middle English russet, from Anglo-Norman russet, rossat, roset, and Middle French rosset, rousset (“reddish, reddish-brown; a rough wool cloth”), from Middle French rous, rus (“to rouse”) + -et (diminutive suffix); compare Late Latin rossetum, russetum, russeta (“rough wool cloth”), Latin russus (“red”) (from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”)), Occitan rosseta (“rough wool cloth”).

Pear psylla causes damage when nymphs, feeding at high densities on leaves, produce enough honeydew to drip onto the fruit. A black, sooty mold fungus then grows into the honeydew, distorting and russeting the fruit surface, which substantially lowers its commercial value, […]

1995, T. R. Unruh, P. H. Westigard, K. S. Hagen, “Pear Psylla”, in J. R. Nechols et al., editors, Biological Control in the Western United States: Accomplishments and Benefits of Regional Research Project W-84, 1964–1989 (University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication; 3361), Oakland, Calif.: Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, →ISBN, page 95:

Cultivars differ greatly in their propensity to russet: the characteristic is heritable but more than one factor seems to be involved[…].

2003, John E. Jackson, “Flowers and Fruits”, in The Biology of Apples and Pears (Biology of Horticultural Crops), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 323:

I surprised my own amazement in the looking glass / where the resinous radiance of a chandelier / russeted the chaise longue and the chiffonier. / Autumn lay over everything I loved.

2007, Eric [Linn] Ormsby, “Time’s Covenant”, in Time’s Covenant: Selected Poems, Emeryville, Ont.: Biblioasis, →ISBN, prologue, stanza 3, page 256:

(transitive, intransitive, of apples, pears, etc.) To develop reddish-brown spots; to cause russeting.


primrose

/ˈpɹɪm.ɹəʊz/

From Middle English primerose, from Old French primerose, from Medieval Latin prima (“first”) + rosa (“rose”). The reason it was called this might be that some primroses are among the first flowers to bloom in the spring.

A mile or so further on is the intermediate station of Ryhall, smothered with primroses in the season, and at all times a veritable flower garden.

1946 September and October, D. J. Rowett, “Stamford L.N.E.R.”, in Railway Magazine, page 283:

Here is spring were celandine, marsh marigold, wind-flower, primrose, cowslip and dog's violet.

1977, K.M. Elizabeth Murray, Caught in the Web of Words, Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 13:

Specifically, the species Primula acaulis (syn. Primula vulgaris), also called common primrose.

A plant of the genus Oenothera, better known as an evening primrose.


tangerine

/ˈtæn.d͡ʒəˌɹiːn/

From French Tanger + -ine, after Tangier, Morocco.


lemon

en-noun

lemon (countable and uncountable, plural lemons)

desc

→ Kashubian: lemòna (Canada, United States)

Cream Lemon
Lemon
Lemon (color)
Lemon (geometry)

Inherited from Middle English lymon, from Old French lymon (“citrus”), from Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn) or Persian لیمون (limon), from Persian لیمو (limu), from Sanskrit निम्बू (nimbū, “lime”), ultimately from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *limaw or Munda. Likely doublet of lime.
The fandom sense is named after the erotic anime series Cream Lemon.

A semitropical evergreen tree, Citrus limon, that bears such fruits.


cinnamon

en-noun

cinnamon (countable and uncountable, plural cinnamons)

→ Japanese: シナモン (shinamon)

→ Korean: 시나몬 (sinamon)

→ Maori: hinamona

→ Welsh: synamon

From Middle English synamome, from Old French cinnamone, from Latin cinnamon, cinnamomum, from Ancient Greek κιννάμωμον (kinnámōmon), later κίνναμον (kínnamon), according to Herodotus from Phoenician [Term?], cognate with Hebrew קִנָּמוֹן (qinnāmōn).

tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ tsin bikáshtʼóózh bitáʼahí bił éʼélʼíní

Cinnamomum verum
Cinnamomum verum#Translingual

Cinnamomum zeylanicum
Cinnamomum zeylanicum

(countable) A small evergreen tree native to Sri Lanka and southern India, Cinnamomum verum or Cinnamomum zeylanicum, belonging to the family Lauraceae.

Cinnamomum cassia
Cinnamomum cassia#Translingual

Several related trees, notably the Indonesian cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) and Chinese cinnamon or cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum or Cinnamomum cassia).

canyeller

any of related trees in the genus Cinnamomum

(chiefly uncountable) A spice from the dried aromatic bark of the cinnamon tree, either rolled into strips or ground into a powder. The word is commonly used as trade name for spices made of any of the species above.

true cinnamon, the product made of Cinnamomum verum


avocado

avocado (countable and uncountable, plural avocados or avocadoes)

→ Icelandic: avókadó

→ Irish: abhacád

→ Venda: ḽiafukhada

→ Welsh: afocado

/ævəˈkɑːdəʊ/

Borrowed from Latin American Spanish avocado, from the earlier aguacate, which comes from Classical Nahuatl āhuacatl (“avocado”). Doublet of abacate. Compare aguacatillo, avocadillo.
The first mention can be found in the 1696 catalogue of Jamaican plants.

Persea americana
Persea americana#Translingual

The avocado tree, Persea americana, of the laurel family.


guava

guava (countable and uncountable, plural guavas)

Etymology tree
Taíno *wayababor.
Spanish guayababor.
English guava
Recorded since 1555, from Spanish guayaba, from Taíno *wayaba. Doublet of guayaba, which is now rare or obsolete.

etymon

Psidium guajava
Psidium guajava#Translingual

A tropical tree or shrub of the myrtle family, Psidium guajava.


hazel

en-noun

hazel (usually uncountable, plural hazels)

From Middle English hasel, from Old English hæsl (“hazel, shrub”), from Proto-West Germanic *hasl, from Proto-Germanic *haslaz (“hazel”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóslos (“hazel”). Cognate with Dutch hazelaar (“hazel”), German Hasel (“hazel”), Swedish hassel (“hazel”), Latin corulus, corylus (“hazel-tree, hazelwood”), Irish coll (“hazel”).

The green turf was velvet underfoot. The blackbirds fluted in the hazels there.

1895, S. R. Crockett, A Cry Across the Black Water:

Have a tree or two the witches particularly like, such as the alder, larch, cypress and hemlock; then, to counteract any possible evil effects, there must be a holly, yew, hazel, elder, mountain ash or juniper.

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 273:

(countable) A tree or shrub of the genus Corylus, bearing edible nuts called hazelnuts or filberts.


chestnut

chestnut (countable and uncountable, plural chestnuts)

→ Gujarati: ચેસ્ટનટ (cesṭanaṭ)

Formerly chesten nut, from Middle English chesten, Middle English chesteyne, chasteine, from Old English ċisten and reinforced by Old French chastaigne, both from Latin castānea, from Ancient Greek καστάνεια (kastáneia). Latin castānea also is the ultimate source of English castanet.

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire


sequoia

Sequoiadendron giganteum
Sequoiadendron giganteum#Translingual

Sequoiadendron giganteum, a coniferous evergreen tree formerly in the genus Sequoia, now placed in Sequoiadendron.


babul

Borrowed both from French baboul and from Hindi बबूल (babūl, “babul tree”), probably ultimately from Sanskrit वव्वोल (vavvola, “acacia”).

In place of Putney's golden gorse / The sickly babul blooms.

1884, Rudyard Kipling, The Moon of Other Days:

A tree native to South Asia, Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica, formerly Acacia nilotica subsp. indica.


benzoin

benzoin (countable and uncountable, plural benzoins)

From Middle French benjoin, from Catalan benjuí, from Arabic لُبَان جَاوِيّ (lubān jāwiyy, “Javanese frankincense”). The first word is from Proto-West Semitic *laban- (“white”), the second from جاوة (jāwa, “Java”) (from Javanese ꦗꦮ (jawa)).
The initial lu was probably lost because it was taken as the definite article in Romance. Compare oliban.

der

لُبَان جَاوِيّ

These following bodies do not draw: smaragd, achates, corneolus, pearl, jaspis, chalcedonius, alabaster, porphyry, coral, marble, touchstone, haematites, or bloodstone; smyris, ivory, bones, ebontree, cedar, cypress, pitch, softer rosin, camphire, galbanum, ammoniac, storax, benzoin, loadstone, asphaltum.

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

Aromatics were used, too, especially in necromancy, and an old recipe of that sort comprises Musk, Myrrh, Frankincense, Red Storax, Mastick, Olibanum, Saffron, Benzoin and Labdanum.

1936, Rollo Ahmed, The Black Art, London: Long, page 112:

A resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from Styrax benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant odor, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume.

(organic chemistry) An aromatic hydroxy ketone, 2-hydroxy-1,2-di(phenyl)ethanone, synthesized from benzaldehyde; any derivative of this compound.

Lindera benzoin
Lindera benzoin#Translingual


rata

en-noun

rata (usually uncountable, plural ratas)

]
From Maori rātā or cognate Tahitian rātā (tree of genus Metrosideros). Compare Tahitian puarātā (Metrosideros collina).

bor

(usually countable) Any of various New Zealand plants of the genus Metrosideros


ber

Ziziphus mauritiana
Ziziphus mauritiana#Translingual

A fruit-bearing tree (Ziziphus mauritiana); the jujube.


cork

en-noun

cork (countable and uncountable, plural corks)

From Middle English cork (“oak bark, cork”), from Middle Dutch curc (“cork (material or object)”), either from Spanish corcho (“cork (material or object)”) (also corcha or corche) or from Old Spanish alcorque (“cork sole”). Doublet of cortex.

liège

(botany) tissue that grows from the cork cambium

kurken (adjective, corresponding to attributive use in English)

I confess my confidence was shaken by these actions, though I knew well enough that his leg was no more cork than my own

1908, Edwin George Pinkham, Fate's a fiddler, page 108:

Because cork is porous, it expands and contracts with changes in humidity.

1980, Robert M. Jones, editor, Walls and Ceilings, Time-Life Books, →ISBN, page 48:

(botany, uncountable) The dead protective tissue between the bark and cambium in woody plants, with suberin deposits making it impervious to gasses and water.

The phellem of the cork oak, used for making bottle stoppers, flotation devices, and insulation material.


cork

en-verb

cork (third-person singular simple present corks, present participle corking, simple past and past participle corked)

corks (present singular third-person)
corking (participle present)
corked (participle past)
corked (past)

Kate remembered then, the family fish camp a mile or so up Amartuq Creek, the very creek across the mouth of which Yuri Andreev had tried to cork Joe Anahonak not half an hour before.

1998, Dana Stabenow, Killing Grounds, →ISBN, page 8:

But its soon apparent that there are more boats than fish—at least for the moment. We all drift quietly, keeping an eye out for other boats and other nets. Corking another guy's net is a screaming—bastard offense.

2003, George Lowe, Fisherman: The Strife and Times of Ronald K. Peterson of Ballard, →ISBN:

You're pissed if someone sets too close to you and especially if he sets his net right along yours, "corking" you and intercepting the fish that seem headed to your own net. I was close to this guy's outside net, but definitely not corking him.

2008, Bert Bender, Catching the Ebb: Drift-fishing for a Life in Cook Inlet, →ISBN, page 249:

(fishing) To position one's drift net just outside of another person's net, thereby intercepting and catching all the fish that would have gone into that person's net.


nettle

From Middle English netle, netel, from Old English netle, netele, netel, from Proto-West Germanic *natilā (cognate with Old Saxon netila, Middle Dutch netele (modern Dutch netel), German Nessel, Middle Danish nædlæ (“nettle”)), a diminutive of Proto-Germanic *natǭ (of unknown origin, perhaps from the same source as net).

Any plant whose foliage is covered with stinging, mildly poisonous hairs, causing an instant rash.

Certain non-stinging plants, mostly in the family Lamiaceae, that resemble the species of Urtica:


cotton

en-noun

cotton (usually uncountable, plural cottons)

From Middle English cotoun, from Anglo-Norman cotun, Old French coton, from (Genoese) Old Italian cotone, from Arabic قُطُن (quṭun).

pambuk

any plant yielding fiber like that of Gossypium

K'a-shih has the most extensive cotton-growing area which amounted to 950 000 mou (6.3 million ares) in 1965.

1976, Chuen-Yan David Lai, “Developments of Cotton Cultivation in Sinkiang”, in Pacific Viewpoint, volume 17, number 2, →DOI, archived from the original on 2020-06-30, page 162:

Gossypium, a genus of plant used as a source of cotton fiber.


box

Etymology tree
Latin buxusbor.
Proto-West Germanic *buhs
Old English box
Middle English box
English box
From Middle English box (“box tree; boxwood”), from Old English box (“box tree”), from Proto-West Germanic *buhs (“box tree; thing made from boxwood”), from Latin buxus (“box tree; thing made from boxwood”), buxum (“box tree; boxwood”), possibly from πύξος (púxos, “box tree; boxwood”).

shimshir

shrub or tree of the genus Buxus — see also box tree

And no maruell. For, the leaues of Boxe be deletorious, poiſonous, deadlie, and to the bodie of man very noiſome, dangerous and peſtilent[…]

1587, Leuinus Lemnius, translated by Thomas Newton, An Herball to the Bible […] , London: Edmund Bollifant, page 207:

He strayed down a walk edged with box; with apple trees, pear trees, and cherry trees on one side, and a border on the other, full of all sorts of old-fashioned flowers, stocks, sweet-williams, primroses, pansies, mingled with southernwood, sweet-briar, and various fragrant herbs.

1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], chapter V, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC, pages 130–131:

"Box makes a statement without having to do much: just trim twice a year and keep it weeded. It's a bit of a lazy gardener's plant." This, no doubt, is what makes box so popular with show home developers and city dwellers – there is scarce a balcony or front door anywhere that cannot be improved by a box ball in a pot.

2014 November 19, Ambra Edwards, “Topiary: We're all going bonkers about box [print version: Bonkers about box, 22 November 2014, page G3]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Gardening):

Buxus sempervirens
Buxus sempervirens#Translingual

Any of various evergreen shrubs or trees of genus Buxus, especially common box, European box, or boxwood (Buxus sempervirens) which is often used for making hedges and topiary.


box

From Latin bōx, from Ancient Greek βῶξ (bôx, “box (marine fish)”), from βοῦς (boûs, “ox”) + ὤψ (ṓps, “eye, view”), a reference to the large size of the fish's eyes relative to its body.

nb...

The Engravings by J􂀿oseph􂁀 W􂀿ilson􂁀 Lowry and Thomas Landseer, from Original Drawings by Sowerby, Varley, Holmes, Bone, Pyne, Lowry, and Charles Landseer; with Descriptive Letter-press Embracing a Systematic View of the Animal Kingdom, according to Cuvier, with Characteristic Anecdotes and Narratives Selected from the Works of Recent Naturalists.

BOX. Box (Boops), […] In both jaws a single anterior series of broad incisors, notched at the cutting margin; no molars.

1859, Albert Günther, “Fam. 7. SPARIDÆ”, in Catalogue of Acanthopterygian Fishes in the Collection of the British Museum, volume I (Gasterosteidæ, Berycidæ, Percidæ, Aphredoderidæ, Pristipomatidæ, Mullidæ, Sparidæ), London: Printed [by Taylor and Francis] by order of the trustees [of the British Museum], →OCLC, page 418:

The Bogue. […] Box or Boops. Generic Character.—Body elongated, rounded, the dorsal and ventral profiles alike, and the general aspect peculiarly trim.

1860, William Yarrell, “The Bogue”, in John Richardson, editor, Second Supplement to the First Edition of the History of British Fishes, […], London: John Van Voorst, […], →OCLC, page 6:

BOGUE. BOX. OXEYE. […] In some parts of the European side of the Mediterranean the Bogue is a common fish, and where it frequents it is in great abundance.

1862, Jonathan Couch, A History of the Fishes of the British Islands, volume I, London: Groombridge and Sons, […], →OCLC, page 225:

(dated) A Mediterranean food fish of the genus Boops, which is a variety of sea bream; a bogue or oxeye.


acorn

From Middle English acorn, an alteration (after corn) of earlier *akern, from Old English æcern (“acorn, oak-mast”), from Proto-West Germanic *akarn, from Proto-Germanic *akraną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂égrō (“berry”). Cognate with Scots aicorn, Saterland Frisian Äkkene, Tocharian B oko (“fruit”), Welsh eirin (“plums”), Breton irin (“plum”), Irish airne (“sloe”), Lithuanian úoga, Russian я́года (jágoda, “berry”), etc. Not related to Old English āc (“oak”) or corn (“corn, seed”).

even a blind pig can find an acorn once in a while

even a blind squirrel finds an acorn every now and then

even a blind squirrel finds an acorn every once in a while


hedgehog

/ˈhɛd͡ʒ.hɒɡ/

/ˈhɛd͡ʒ.hɔɡ/

From Middle English heyghoge; equivalent to hedge + hog. Eclipsed non-native Middle English yrchoun, irchoun (“hedgehog”), from Old French hirchoun, herichon (“hedgehog”); and Middle English il, from Old English īl, iġil (“hedgehog”).

(informal, military, historical) A spigot mortar-type of depth charge weapon from World War II that simultaneously fires a number of explosives into the water to create a pattern of underwater explosions intended to attack submerged submarines.

Certain flowering plants with parts resembling a member of family Erinaceidae

Medicago intertexta, the pods of which are armed with short spines.


laser

A gum resin obtained from certain umbelliferous plants.


ash

en-noun

ash (countable and uncountable, plural ashes)

From Middle English asshe, from Old English æsċ, from Proto-Germanic *askaz, *askiz (compare West Frisian esk, Dutch es, German Esche, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish ask), from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃s- (compare Welsh onnen, Latin ornus (“wild mountain ash”), Lithuanian úosis, Russian я́сень (jásenʹ), Albanian ah (“beech”), Ancient Greek ὀξύα (oxúa, “beech”), Old Armenian հացի (hacʻi)).

Alternative forms: æsc, æsh

The traditional name for the ae ligature (æ), as used in Old English.


sal

From Middle English sal, from Latin sal. Doublet of salt.


sal

From Hindi साल (sāl), from Sanskrit शाल (śāla).

As the sals were cut in the lower foothill districts the loggers looked towards the mountains in their search for other hardwood timber.

1989, Thomas Weber, Hugging the trees: the story of the Chipko movement, page 18:

Shorea robusta
Shorea robusta#Translingual

Shorea robusta, a dipterocarpaceous tree.


sal

Coined by Eduard Suess in 1909, in Das Antlitz der Erde, as a blend of translingual Si (silicon) + Al (aluminum).

ref

Eduard Suess (1909) “Vierter Theil, Vierundzwanzigster Abschnitt: Die Tiefen”, in Das Antlitz der Erde (in German), volume 3.2, Wien: F. Tempsky, →OCLC, page 626:
Wir nehmen ferner drei Zonen oder Hüllen als maassgebend für die Beschaffenheit der Erde an, u. zw. die Barysphäre oder das Nife (Ni-Fe), ferner Sima (Si-Mg) und Sal (Si-Al). Diese Theilung unterscheidet sich von der Classification, die von hervorragenden americanischen Petrographen vorgeschlagen wurde, durch die Abtrennung der metallischen Barysphäre (Nife).
We further assume the existence of three zones or envelopes as determining the structure of the earth, namely, the barysphere or the Nife (Ni-Fe), Sima (Si-Mg), and Sal (Si-Al). This division differs from the classification which has been proposed by distinguished American petrographers, in the separation of the metallic barysphere (Nife).

Wegener bases his theory of the drifting continents on the assumption that there are two distinct levels to be taken into account, the surface of the masses of "sal" which form the continents and the surface of the "sima" in which they float.

1923 March 13, G. Vibert Douglas, A.V. Douglas, “Note on the Interpretation of the Wegener Frequency Curve”, in Geological Magazine, volume 60, number 3, Cambridge University Press, →DOI, page 108:


empress

From Middle English emperice, emperesse, from Anglo-Norman and Old French empereriz, from Latin imperatrix, equivalent to emperor + -ess. Doublet of imperatrix. Compare modern French impératrice.


hazelnut

Equivalent to hazel + nut; from Middle English haselnote, from Old English hæselhnutu (“hazelnut”). Cognate with West Frisian hazzenút (“hazelnut”), Saterland Frisian Hoaselnuute (“hazelnut”), Dutch hazelnoot, German Haselnuss.

cog

Corylus avellana
Corylus avellana#Translingual

The fruit of the hazel, especially Corylus avellana, which is grown commercially.

(Corylus avellana, Corylus tubulosa) tuinavaälanöt

usually the American hazel (Corylus americana or Corylus maxima) which is common in Oregon.

cobnut (usually the common hazel which grows in the UK and Europe; filbert


mandarin

From French mandarine, feminine of mandarin, probably formed as Etymology 1, above, from the yellow colour of the mandarins' costume.

Citrus reticulata
Citrus reticulata#Translingual

A tree of the species Citrus reticulata.


gram

en-noun

gram (countable and uncountable, plural grams)

From obsolete Portuguese gram (modern Portuguese grão), from Latin grānum. Doublet of corn, grain, granum, and grao.

doublet

The next class of farinaceous foods are the Pulses, as peas, beans, and lentils of this country, and the dholls and grams of India.

A leguminous plant grown for its seeds, especially the chickpea.

(uncountable) The seeds of these plants.


gram

(broadcasting, dated) A gramophone recording.


gram

Alternative form of 'gram (“Instagram”).


gram

en-verb

gram (third-person singular simple present grams, present participle gramming, simple past and past participle grammed)

grams (present singular third-person)
gramming (participle present)
grammed (participle past)
grammed (past)


animé

Borrowed from French animé (“animated”), supposedly from the insects entrapped in it. Doublet of animate.

Hymenaea courbaril
Hymenaea courbaril#Translingual

The resin of the courbaril (Hymenaea courbaril), used in varnishes.


manga

en-noun

manga (countable and uncountable, plural manga or mangas)

desc

→ Hindi: मांगा (māṅgā), माँगा (māṅgā), मैंगा (maiṅgā)

Black Cat (manga)
Hokusai
manga (disambiguation)

Borrowed from Japanese 漫画(まんが) (manga), from Middle Chinese 漫 (MC manH, “free, unrestrained”) + 畫 (MC hweaH|hweak, “drawing”). Compare Mandarin 漫畫／漫画 (mànhuà), Korean 만화 (漫畵／漫畫, manhwa). After an 1814 book by Katsushika Hokusai. Doublet of manhua and manhwa.

zh-l

漫畫／漫画 (mànhuà)

English speakers are quick to notice the at times incorrect use of English in anime and manga. Many English words are customarily used in standard Japanese speech, and sometimes they are pronounced and employed in a manner quite different from their native use.

2001, Gilles Poitras, “What makes anime unique”, in Anime Essentials: Every Thing a Fan Needs to Know, page 63:

Manga (Japanese comics) are everywhere. Even here in Auckland. One can find various titles in their original versions as well as in Chinese, Korean and English translations.

2007, Yukako Sunaoshi, “Who reads comics? Manga readership among first-generation Asian immigrants in New Zealand”, in Popular Culture, Globalization and Japan, page 94:

Manga-influenced comics by Western authors are frequently sold alongside manga, although in most bookstores the decision is primarily a matter of format and packaging (i.e., whether the book is printed in the compact manga size or the traditionally larger American comic book format).

2012, Jason Thompson, “Introduction”, in Manga: The Complete Guide, page 46:

(countable, comics) A comic originating in Japan.


coffee

en-noun

coffee (countable and uncountable, plural coffees)

coffee [from 1598] (canonical)
coffees (plural)

Tok Pisin: kopi

desc

→ Mon: ကဝ်ဖှဳ

→ Mon: ကဝ်ဖှဳ

→ Gujarati: કૉફી (kŏphī)

→ Hausa: kṑfī

desctree

→ Hindi: कॉफ़ी (kŏfī), काफ़ी (kāfī), कोफ़ी (kofī), कॉफी (kŏphī), काफी (kāphī), कोफी (kophī)
→ Sanskrit: काफी (kāphī)

→ Korean: 커피 (keopi)

→ Maia: kopi

→ Marathi: काफी (kāphī)

→ Marshallese: ko̧pe

→ Navajo: gohwééh

→ Scottish Gaelic: cofaidh

→ Welsh: coffi

Conservative, Received Pronunciation, dated

Etymology tree
Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa)bor.
Ottoman Turkish قهوهbor.
Italian caffèbor.
Dutch koffiebor.
English coffee
Borrowed from Dutch koffie, from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa). Doublet of café and caffè and cognate with the words for "coffee" in other major European languages, most of which are derived from the Turkish and Italian words.

etymon

that and a dollar will get you a cup of coffee

that and a nickel will buy you a cup of coffee

that and twenty-five cents will get you a cup of coffee


geniting

/ˈd͡ʒɛnɪtɪŋ/

Probably from a diminutive of French Jean (“John”), so named as becoming ripe about St. John’s Day, June 24.

In July come gilliflowers of all varieties, musk-roses, the lime-tree in blossom, early pears, and plums, in fruit, genitings, codlins[…]

1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Gardens”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:

A variety of apple that ripens very early


peach

en-noun

peach (countable and uncountable, plural peaches)

i

from the plural <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">peaches</i>

→ Abenaki: biches (from the plural peaches)

→? Arapaho: biisib

→ Bengali: পীচ (pic) (probably)

→ Haida: píichas

→ Malay: pic (probably)

→? Maori: pītiti

→ Swahili: pichi (probably)

→ Thai: พีช (píit)

From Middle English peche, borrowed from Old French pesche (French pêche), Vulgar Latin *pessica (cf. Medieval Latin pesca) from Late Latin persica, from Classical Latin mālum persicum, from Ancient Greek μᾶλον περσικόν (mâlon persikón, “Persian apple”). Displaced Middle English persogʒe, from Old English persoc, from the same Latin root above.

der

μᾶλον περσικόν

I think it the best way to plant the fifteen sorts, and the hard Peaches I have mentioned, in the same order as they stand in the list.

1768, M. Combles, A Treatise Upon the Culture of Peach Trees, page 8:

Several attempts have been made to class the varieties of Peaches and Nectarines by the leaf and flower, as well as the fruit.

1840, Thomas Bridgeman, The Young Gardener’s Assistant, page 136:

Scattered plantings of peaches are maintained on the light-textured deep alluvial soils of the Foster, Cajon, Hanford, Hesperia, and Greenfield series west of Porterville, near Woodville, Poplar, Sausalito School, and farther south along the Kern County boundary line north of Delano.

1942, Raymond Earl Storie, Soil Survey, the Pixley Area, California, volume 1, page 11:

State universities and U.S. Department of Agriculture facilities have largely replaced the private state and national pomological and horticultural organizations as the primary researchers for peach cultivation.

2014, Melissa Walker, The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture, volume 11, page 183:

Prunus persica
Prunus persica#Translingual

(countable) Any tree of species Prunus persica, native to China and now widely cultivated throughout temperate regions, having pink flowers and edible fruit.


pear

→⇒ Chinese: 啤梨 (pílí)

→⇒ Khmer: ផ្លែភា (phlae phiə)

→ Sotho: pere

→ Thai: แพร์ (pɛɛ)

→ Tokelauan: pea

→ Xhosa: ipere

From Middle English pere, from Old English pere, from Proto-West Germanic *peru, from Vulgar Latin *pira, originally the plural of Latin pirum but reconstrued as a feminine singular, ultimately a loanword from an unknown Mediterranean substrate source. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Peere (“pear”), Dutch peer (“pear”), Danish pære (“pear”), French poire (“pear”), German Birne (“pear”), Icelandic pera (“pear”), Swedish päron (“pear”).

An edible fruit produced by the pear tree, similar to an apple but typically elongated towards the stem.

Pyrus communis
Pyrus communis#Translingual


tare

From Middle English tare (“vetch”), from Old English *taru, from Proto-West Germanic *taru.

Any of the tufted grasses of genus Lolium; darnel.


locust

From Middle English locuste, locust, from Anglo-Norman locuste, Middle French locuste, and their source, Latin locusta (“locust, crustacean, lobster”). Doublet of langouste.
The tree sense, originally referring to the carob (compare locust bean), is based on the resemblance of the trees' beanlike seed pods to the insect and is likely a semantic loan from Ancient Greek ἀκρίς (akrís).
The sense in "Mainlander" is a semantic loan from Cantonese 蝗蟲 /蝗虫 (wong4 cung4), also meaning "locust".

sl

Any of the grasshoppers, often polyphenic and usually swarming, in the family Acrididae that are very destructive to crops and other vegetation, (especially) migratory locusts (Locusta migratoria).

Any of various often leguminous trees and shrubs, especially of the genera Robinia and Gleditsia; locust tree.

(Hong Kong, derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) A Mainlander.


locust

en-verb

locust (third-person singular simple present locusts, present participle locusting, simple past and past participle locusted)

locusts (present singular third-person)
locusting (participle present)
locusted (participle past)
locusted (past)

This Philip and the black-faced swarms of Spain,
The hardest, cruellest people in the world,
Come locusting upon us, eat us up,
Confiscate lands, goods, money […]

1875, Alfred Tennyson, Queen Mary: A Drama, London: Henry S. King & Co., →OCLC, (please specify the page):


moth

en-noun

moth (countable and uncountable, plural moths)


hag-taper

Verbascum thapsus
Verbascum thapsus#Translingual

The great woolly mullein (Verbascum thapsus).


mint

mint (countable and uncountable, plural mints)

From Middle English mynte, from Old English minte (“mint plant”), from Proto-West Germanic *mintā (“mint”), from Latin menta, probably from a lost Mediterranean language either through Ancient Greek μίνθη (mínthē), μίνθα (míntha) or directly. Akin to Old Norse minta (“mint”). Doublet of mentha.

Any plant in the genus Mentha in the family Lamiaceae, typically aromatic with square stems.


prune

en-verb

prune (third-person singular simple present prunes, present participle pruning, simple past and past participle pruned)

prunes (present singular third-person)
pruning (participle present)
pruned (participle past)
pruned (past)

From Middle English prune, from Old French prune, from Vulgar Latin *prūna, feminine singular formed from the neutral plural of Latin prūnum, from Ancient Greek προῦνον (proûnon), variant of προῦμνον (proûmnon, “plum”), a loanword from a language of Asia Minor. Doublet of plum.

I hardly left that spot in my pool that month even when my fingers pruned and chlorine dried out my skin.

2005, Alycia Ripley, Traveling with an Eggplant, page 111:

(intransitive, informal) To become wrinkled like a dried plum, as the fingers and toes do when kept submerged in water.


dal

en-noun

dal (countable and uncountable, plural dals)

Borrowed from Hindi दाल (dāl) or Bengali ডাল (ḍal).

Any of many dried husked pulses (legume), including peas, beans and lentils.

A stout Burmese woman, wife of a constable, was kneeling outside the cage ladling rice and watery dahl into tin pannikins.

1934, George Orwell, chapter 6, in Burmese Days:

A dish made from lentils, cooked with spices, tomatoes and onions etc.

A tropical herb with yellow flowers; the pigeon pea.


mercury

mercury (countable and uncountable, plural mercuries)

шти̑р (but this more often means purple amaranth)

štȋr (but this more often means purple amaranth)

Towards the tops of the stalks and branches come forth at every joint in the male Mercury two small round green heads, standing together upon a short footstalk, which growing ripe are the seeds, not having any flower.

1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society, published 2007, page 188:

Mercurialis annua
Mercurialis annua#Translingual

An annual plant, annual mercury (Mercurialis annua), formerly grown for its medicinal properties; French mercury, herb mercury.


envy

envy (countable and uncountable, plural envies)

From Middle English envie, from Old French envie, from Latin invidia (“envy”), from invidere (“to look at with malice”), from in- (“on, upon”) + videre (“to look, see”). Doublet of envie. Cognate to Proto-Slavic *zavistь (“envy”).
Displaced native Old English æfest.


currant

(hurry–furry merger, cure–fir merger) courant

Borrowed from French raisin de Corinthe (literally “grapes of Corinth, the city in Greece”). Cognate with Dutch krent. Doublet of Corinth.

bor

The fruit of various shrubs of the genus Ribes, white, black or red.


laurestine

From New Latin laurustinus, Latin laurus (“laurel”) + tinus (“Viburnum tinus”). See laurel.

The Viburnum tinus, an evergreen shrub or tree of the south of Europe, which flowers during the winter months.


laurel

en-noun

laurel (countable and uncountable, plural laurels)

Inherited from Middle English laurer, laurel, from Anglo-Norman lorer, from Old French lorier, from Vulgar Latin *laurārius, from Latin laurus (“laurel”).

(botany) Any plant of the family Lauraceae.


archangel

From Middle English archangel, from Old French archangele, from Latin archangelus, from Ancient Greek ἀρχάγγελος (arkhángelos) from Ancient Greek prefix ἀρχι- (arkhi-) + ἄγγελος (ángelos, “messenger”). By surface analysis, arch- + angel.

A powerful angel that leads many other angels, but is still loyal to a deity, and often seen as belonging to a particular archangelical rank or order within a greater hierarchy of angels. (Judeo-Christian examples: Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, Uriel).


plane

From Middle English plane, borrowed from Old French plane, from Latin platanus, from Ancient Greek πλάτανος (plátanos), from πλατύς (platús, “wide, broad”).

(countable) A deciduous tree of the genus Platanus.


toro

Rapanea salicina, a species of shrub or small tree native to New Zealand.


lupine

North American English form of lupin (any plant of the genus Lupinus; an edible legume seed of one of these plants).


mate

From Middle English mate, a borrowing from Middle Low German mate (“messmate”) (replacing Middle English mette (“table companion, mate, partner”), from Old English ġemetta (“sharer of food, table-guest”)), derived from Proto-Germanic *gamatjô, itself from *ga- (“together”) (related to German and Dutch ge-) + *matjô (from *matiz (“food”)), related to Old English mete (“food”)). From the same Middle Low German source stems German Low German Maat (“journeyman, companion”), German Maat (“naval non-commissioned officer”). Cognates include Saterland Frisian Moat (“friend, buddy, comrade, mate”), Dutch maat (“mate, partner, colleague, friend”). More at Old English ġe-, English co-, English meat. Doublet of maat.


orangeade

en-noun

orangeade (countable and uncountable, plural orangeades)

/ˈɒ.ɹɪnˌdʒeɪd/

A soft drink or a soda with an orange flavor.


walnut

walnut (countable and uncountable, plural walnuts)

From Middle English walnote, walnutte, walnotte, from Old English wealhhnutu (“walnut”, literally “foreign nut”), from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“foreigner”) + *hnuts (“nut”). Cognate with Dutch walnoot, German Walnuss, Swedish valnöt, Icelandic valhneta. Compare more recent term Welsh onion, which also uses Welsh to mean “foreign”.


almond

en-noun

almond (countable and uncountable, plural almonds)

From Middle English almond, almaund, from Old French almande, amande, from Vulgar Latin *amendla, *amandula, from Latin amygdala, from Ancient Greek ἀμυγδάλη (amugdálē), of uncertain origin. Influenced by amandus and by many European words of Arabic origin beginning with the Arabic definite article Arabic ال (al-). Compare Spanish almóndiga and Portuguese almôndega (“meatball”) from Andalusian Arabic البُنْدُقَة (“hazelnut”). Doublet of amygdala, amygdale, and mandorla.

doublet

Other plants that produce almond-like nuts:

Prunus andersonii, desert almond, a North American shrub in family Rosaceae


lemonade

en-noun

lemonade (countable and uncountable, plural lemonades)

→ Japanese: レモネード (remonēdo)

→ Korean: 레모네이드 (remoneideu)

→ Welsh: lemonêd

From French limonade, equivalent to lemon + -ade.

നാരങ്ങാവെള്ളം

nāraṅṅāveḷḷaṁ

In fact, a recent report from Denver shows it [street heroin] was about 1 to 2 percent and the addicts that are receiving this in many cases refer to it as lemonade, because it is so weak.

1965, United States Congress, Hearings before the Subcommittee of the Committee of Appropriations, page 128:

Lemonade — heroin; poor quality drugs

1996, Karen Bellenir, Substance Abuse Sourcebook:

(slang, derogatory) Recreational drugs of poor or weak quality, especially heroin.


ironwood

ironwood (countable and uncountable, plural ironwoods)

From iron + wood, because of its toughness.

ijzerhout

any of a number of tree species known for having a particularly solid wood

Lydia and the boys lived in a shabby, prefabricated house of three rooms, which had been set down in the shade of an ironwood.

1987, Bruce Chatwin, The Songlines, Vintage, published 1998, page 139:

Any of numerous tree species known locally for having a particularly solid wood, or the wood of such species itself.

(Australia) Acacia esthrophiolata, Acacia excelsa, Acacia melanoxylon, Acacia stenophylla, or Erythrophleum chlorostachys.


Christmas tree

PIE word
 *dóru
[[File:Emoji u1f384.svg|thumb||200px|The emoji for Christmas tree: see the entry at 🎄.]]
From Christmas + tree, a calque of German Weynacht Baum (obsolete, 17th c.), Weihnachtsbaum, from Weynacht, Weihnacht (literary or poetic variant of Weihnachten (“Christmas”)) + -s- (genitive interfix) + Baum (“tree”). The custom of Christmas trees was adopted in the United Kingdom from Germany in the 19th century, having been popularized by their use by the royal family during the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901.
Sense 3 (“Christmas party”) refers to the fact that there is usually a Christmas tree (sense 1) at the event.

joulukuusi

something which resembles a Christmas tree in appearance or shape

The existing ramp, the part that the B-52 used, a great amount of it was out in the alert area, on what we call a christmas tree^([sic]) stub at the end of the runway, in a dispersed posture.

1968 May 1, Colonel Fenlon, witness, “Statement of Maj. Gen. G. H. Goddard, Director of Civil Engineering, U.S. Air Force—Resumed”, in Military Construction Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1969: Joint Hearings before the Subcommittees on Military Construction of the Committee on Appropriations and the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, Ninetieth Congress, Second Session on H.R. 18785, an Act Making Appropriations for Military Construction for the Department of Defense for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1969, and for Other Purposes […], Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 350:

At the eastern tip of the runway-taxiway lay the alert area for about nine aircraft, along with an alert building for the airmen to live. This area, called the "Christmas Tree" as a result of the Christmas tree shape of the runway pattern for alert aircraft, had compacted gravel base for concrete, but had not been paved.

1975, Robert Herman Kelting, The Great Bong Bungle, volume I (unpublished dissertation), Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin–Madison, →OCLC, page 21:

The current alert area consists of a "Christmas Tree" configuration with alert parking stubs angled at 45° off of a central taxiway.

1983 April 19, Norman G. Delbridge, Jr., witness, “Questions Submitted by Senator Strom Thurmond, Answers Supplied by Gen. Norman G. Delbridge, Jr., Assistant Chief of Engineers, Office of the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army”, in Military Construction Authorization Fiscal Year 1984: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Military Construction of the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, Ninety-eighth Congress, First Session on S. 720, a Bill to Authorize Certain Construction at Military Installations for Fiscal Year 1984, and for Other Purposes […] (S. Hrg. 98-448), Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, →OCLC, page 252:

(by extension) Something which resembles a Christmas tree (sense 1) in appearance (for example, in having coloured lights) or shape.

(US, aviation, historical) An alert area at an air base with aircraft parked in stubs arranged at a 45-degree angle to a central taxiway to enable them to move rapidly to a runway; these were constructed by the Strategic Air Command of the United States Air Force during the Cold War (generally 1947–1991).


cola

en-noun

cola (countable and uncountable, plural colas)

→ Korean: 콜라 (kolla)

From a Niger-Congo language, compare Temne kola, Mandinka kola. The beverage "Coca-Cola" was what made the term widely known, and popularized the spelling with c instead of k.

A beverage or a drink made with kola nut flavoring, caramel and carbonated water.


clover

→ Catalan: clóver

From Middle English clovere, claver, from Old English clāfre, earlier clǣfre, from Proto-West Germanic *klaibrā. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Kleeuwer (“clover”), West Frisian klaver (“clover”), Dutch klaver (“clover”), German Low German Klaver (“clover”), German Klee (“clover”).

He Raine upon her [the Earth's] boſom poures; / His ſvvelling clouds abound vvith ſhoures: / […] / The Deſert with ſvveet claver fills; / And richly ſhades the joyfull Hills.

1636, G[eorge] S[andys], “[A Paraphrase upon the Second Booke of the Psalmes of David.] Psalme LXV.”, in A Paraphrase upon the Psalmes of David. And upon the Hymnes Dispersed throughout the Old and New Testaments, London: [Andrew Hebb […]], →OCLC, page 101:

A plant of the genus Trifolium with leaves usually divided into three (rarely four) leaflets and with white or red flowers.


ach

From Middle English ache, from Old French ache, from Latin apium (“parsley”).

(obsolete) Any of several species of plants, such as smallage, wild celery, parsley.


buckthorn

Calque of Latin cervī spīna (“deer's thorny shrub”), cervi (“deer's”) being the genitive singular of cervus (“deer”), from Proto-Italic *kerwos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂wós, from *ḱerh₂- (“horn”) + *-wós, spīna (“thorny shrub”) from Proto-Italic *speinā, from Proto-Indo-European *spey- (“sharp point”). By surface analysis, buck + thorn.

der

California buckthorn - Frangula californica

Carolina buckthorn - Frangula caroliniana

hollyleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus crocea subsp. pilosa

lanceleaf buckthorn - Rhamnus lanceolata

Modoc buckthorn - Frangula rubra subsp. modocensis

Nevada buckthorn - Frangula rubra subsp. nevadensis

obovate buckthorn - Frangula betulifolia subsp. obovata

obtuse buckthorn - Frangula rubra subsp. obtusissima

Siberian buckthorn - Rhamnus erythroxylon

Southern buckthorn - Sideroxylon lycioides

West Indian buckthorn - Frangula sphaerosperma

Yosemite buckthorn Frangula rubra subsp. yosemitana

Any of several, often thorny shrubs or small trees, especially

Rhamnus cathartica
Rhamnus cathartica#Translingual

especially common buckthorn or purging buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica).

Frangula alnus
Frangula alnus#Translingual

also alder buckthorn (Frangula), especially Frangula alnus).

sea buckthorn (Hippophae, in family Elaeagnaceae).


panacea

en-noun

panacea (plural panaceas or panaceae or panaceæ)

panaceas (plural)
panaceae (plural)
panaceæ (plural)

From Latin panacēa, from Ancient Greek πανάκεια (panákeia), from πανακής (panakḗs, “all-healing”), from πᾶν (pân, “all”) (equivalent to English pan-) + ἄκος (ákos, “cure”).

A remedy believed to cure all disease and prolong life that was originally sought by alchemists; a cure-all.

A monorail will be a panacea for our traffic woes.

When busy he was better, and appeared to think perpetual motion a panacea for his unnamed and un-nameable complaint; and so much were they hurried from place to place, after their arrival at Genoa, that both sisters were thankful when they embarked again, as the sea appeared a resting-place...

1842, [anonymous collaborator of Letitia Elizabeth Landon], chapter XXVII, in Lady Anne Granard; or, Keeping up Appearances. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 53:

Podson was seated on the bed, going through such turf forecasts as he could find in the papers; his panacea for correcting the mistakes of fortune.

1938, Norman Lindsay, Age of Consent, 1st Australian edition, Sydney, N.S.W.: Ure Smith, published 1962, →OCLC, page 206:

Hydrogen is not a panacea for reaching the zero net emissions target by 2050, but it can grow to become "a big niche" fuel in particular sectors and applications, claims a new report.

2023 January 11, “Network News: MPs seek clarity on hydrogen's role”, in RAIL, number 974, page 13:

There, whether it diuine Tobacco were, / Or Panachæa, or Polygony, / She found, and brought it to her patient deare […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto V”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

Valeriana officinalis
Valeriana officinalis#Translingual

(obsolete) The plant allheal (Valeriana officinalis), believed to cure all ills.


tea

Semantic loan from Chinese 茶 (chá, “tea”).

sl

A moment, a historical unit of time from China, about the amount of time needed to quickly drink a traditional cup of tea. It is now found in Chinese-language historical fiction.


cocoa

A Dictionary of the English Language
Samuel Johnson
en:cocoa

en-noun

cocoa (countable and uncountable, plural cocoas)

From Spanish cacao, from Classical Nahuatl cacahuatl. The form cocoa came about by confusion with coco, popularized by Samuel Johnson's A Dictionary of the English Language. Doublet of cacao.

An unsweetened brown powder made from roasted, ground cocoa beans, used in making chocolate, and in cooking.

Do you like cocoa?

Half past nine - high time for supper;
Cocoa, love? Of course, my dear.
Helen thinks it quite delicious,
John prefers it now to beer....
¶For they've stumbled on the secret
Of a love that never wanes,
Rapt beneath the tumbled bedclothes,
Cocoa coursing through their veins.

1979, Stanley J. Sharpless, A Food Lover's Companion, Harper & Row, Evan Jones (edit.)

(uncountable) A hot drink made with milk, cocoa powder, and sugar.


peanut

From pea + nut, perhaps a folk etymology of pinda, pinder (still found in Southern US dialects).

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea#Translingual

A legume resembling a nut, the fruit of the plant Arachis hypogaea, native to South America.


achiote

achiote (countable and uncountable, plural achiotes)

/ˌɑt͡ʃiːˈoʊti/

Borrowed from Spanish achiote, from Classical Nahuatl āchiyōtl.

Bixa orellana
Bixa orellana#Translingual

A tropical American evergreen shrub, Bixa orellana; the lipstick tree.


apricot

apricot (countable and uncountable, plural apricots)

Alteration of apricock (with influence from French abricot), itself an alteration of abrecock (with influence from Latin apricum (“sunny place”)), from dialectal Catalan abrecoc, abricoc, variants of standard albercoc, from Arabic الْبَرْقُوق (al-barqūq, “plums”), from Byzantine Greek βερικοκκία (berikokkía, “apricot tree”), from Ancient Greek πραικόκιον (praikókion), from Late Latin (persica) praecocia (literally “(peaches) which ripen early”), (mālum) praecoquum (literally “(apple) which ripens early”). Doublet of precocious.

der

pickled apricots

A round sweet and juicy stone fruit, resembling peach or plum in taste, with a yellow-orange flesh, lightly fuzzy skin and a large seed inside.

Prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca#Translingual

(slang, Australia, dated, usually in the plural) A testicle.


blueberry

en-noun

blueberry (countable and uncountable, plural blueberries)

Applesaucey Tricks Galore / Looks elaborate but isn’t: Take bakers sponge cake shells. In each one put a big spoonful of canned apple sauce, then a scoop of vanilla ice cream and top all with blueberry sauce, or with the fresh berries.

1962 July 29, Features Magazine (Wichita Falls Times), Wichita Falls, Tex., page 20, column 1:

“And the Majestic Milky Way is pretty popular as well,” said Chad, whose personal favorite is the new Berry Potter, with vanilla ice cream, swirling blueberries and graham crackery Muggle crunch (Muggles are non-magic folk in the Harry Potter empire).

2006 August 10, Dick Johnson, “Ice cream: You never get sick of the stuff, workers say”, in Globe Gazette, Mason City, Ia., page A2, column 5:

(countable) An edible round berry, belonging to the cowberry group (Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus), with flared crowns at the end, that turns blue on ripening.


more

From Middle English more, moore (“root”), from Old English more, moru (“carrot, parsnip”) from Proto-West Germanic *morhā, from Proto-Germanic *murhǭ (“carrot”), from Proto-Indo-European *merk- (“edible herb, tuber”).
Akin to Old Saxon moraha (“carrot”), Old High German morha, moraha (“root of a plant or tree”) (German Möhre (“carrot”), Morchel (“mushroom, morel”)). More at morel.


more

en-verb

more (third-person singular simple present mores, present participle moring, simple past and past participle mored)

mores (present singular third-person)
moring (participle present)
mored (participle past)
mored (past)

From Middle English moren, from the noun. See above.


aal

Compare Sanskrit अलाक (alāka, “crown flower; kind of dye”).

cog

Morinda citrifolia
Morinda citrifolia#Translingual

The Indian mulberry or noni (Morinda citrifolia, Morinda tinctoria), a shrub found in Southeast Asia, the East Indies and the Pacific islands as far as French Polynesia.


mango

en-noun

mango (countable and uncountable, plural mangoes or mangos)

→ Armenian: մանգո (mango) (or from Russian манго (mango))

→ Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܡܵܢܓܘܿ (mango)

→ Asturian: mangu

→ Catalan: mango

→ Chichewa: bango

→ Czech: mango

→ Danish: mango

→ Dutch: mango

→ Esperanto: mango

→ Finnish: mango

→ Georgian: მანგო (mango)

→ German: Mango

→ Greek: μάνγκο (mángko)

→ Hebrew: מנגו (mango)

→ Hungarian: mangó

→ Irish: mangó

→ Italian: mango

→ Japanese: マンゴー (mangō)

→ Korean: 망고 (manggo)

→ Macedonian: манго (mango)

→ Norwegian: mango

→ Polish: mango

→ Romanian: mango

desctree

→ Russian: манго (mango)
→ Armenian: մանգո (mango) (or directly from English mango)
→ Kazakh: манго (maño)
→ Mongolian: манго (mango)

→ Slovak: mango

→ Slovene: mango

→ Spanish: mango

→ Swedish: mango

→ Turkish: mango

→ Welsh: mango

Online Etymology Dictionary
Oxford English Dictionary
mango

Borrowed from Portuguese manga, from Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa) / Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy), possibly via Malay mangga, ultimately from Proto-South Dravidian *mām-kāy (“unripe mango”), a compound of *mām (“mango tree”) + *kāy (“unripe fruit”). First used for the fruit as early as the 1580s and the tree by the 1670s. The Oxford English Dictionary says it ultimately stems from Malayalam മാങ്ങ (māṅṅa, “unripe mango”) (മാവ് (māvŭ, “mango tree”) + കായ (kāya, “unripe fruit”)), while the Online Etymology Dictionary points to Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy, “unripe mango”) (மா (mā, “mango”) + காய் (kāy, “unripe fruit”)). The etymology of the -o ending is not certain.

der

Tamil மாங்காய் (māṅkāy)

檨仔

soān-á, soǎiⁿ-á, sōaiⁿ-á, soāiⁿ--á, soān--á

Any of various hummingbirds of the genus Anthracothorax.


gale

From Middle English gale (“a wind, breeze”), possibly from Old English galan, possibly an unknown North Germanic origin, related to Icelandic gola (“a breeze”), Danish gal (“furious, mad”), both from Old Norse gala (“to sing”), and thus ultimately related to the above word (etymology 1).

A little gale will soon disperse that cloud.

c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iii]:

And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odours fanned / From their soft wings.

1671, John Milton, “The Second Book”, in Paradise Regain’d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London: […] J[ohn] M[acock] for John Starkey […], →OCLC:


gale

From Middle English gaile, gawl, gawwyl, gaȝel, gagel, from Old English gagel, gagelle, gagille, gagolle (“gale; sweet gale”), from Proto-Germanic *gagulaz (“gale; sweet-willow”). Cognate with Scots gaul, gall (“bog-myrtle”), Dutch gagel (“wild myrtle”), German Gagel (“myrtle-bush”), Icelandic gaglviður (“sweet-gale; myrtle”).

cog

A shrub, also called sweet gale or bog myrtle (Myrica gale), that grows on moors and fens.


gale

From Middle English gavel (“rent; tribute”), from Old English gafol.

Gale day - the day on which rent or interest is due.

(archaic) A periodic payment, such as is made of a rent or annuity.