sassywood

sassywood (usually uncountable, plural sassywoods)

From sassy, of unknown (probably African) origin + wood.

refn

From P[aul Hermann Wilhelm] Taubert (1891) Wilhelm Engelmann, editor, Leguminosae (Natürliche Pflanzenfamilien; vol. III, no. 3), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, →OCLC, figure 75.

The person who is designated as guilty of the crime of witchcraft is arrested by the soldier king, and condemned to the ordeal of sassy-wood. The bark of the sassy-wood is powerfully narcotic, and a strong decoction of this the person condemned is forced to drink; and after he has drank it, he walks to and fro, exclaiming "Am I a witch," "am I a witch?" while one of his executioners walks behind him replying "You are a witch, you are a witch;" and this continues until he either throws off from his stomach the poison, when he is pronounced innocent, or it operates as a cathartic, when he is declared guilty, and compelled to take more of the decoction, and is subjected to other cruelties, which cause his speedy death. […] This ordeal by sassy-wood is one of the most prevalent and cruel of African superstitions, and is practised among nearly if not all the tribes of Africa.

1850 September 14, [James M.] Connelly, “[Appendix G.] Report of the Kroo People”, in Report of the Secretary of State, Communicating the Report of the Rev. R[alph] R[andolph] Gurley, who was Recently Sent Out by the Government to Obtain Information in Respect to Liberia (United States Senate, 31st Congress, 1st session; ex. doc. no. 75), [Washington, D.C.]: [s.n.], →OCLC, page 59:

A man named Prince came into the parlor; he spoke broken English, and told Mrs. Payne that his people were going to give him ‘sasa-wood.’ A man had died among his people, and the men bearing the body to the grave ran against his house: they believe that the body influences them to go against the house of him who bewitched or killed the dead man. He (Prince) had gone to another town, and was trying sasa-wood in small quantities; if it does not injure him, he will go to his own town, and take it before his people.

1859, George D[avid] Cummins, “Life at Cavalla”, in Life of Mrs. Virginia Hale Hoffman, Late of the Protestant Episcopal Mission to Western Africa, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lindsay & Blakiston, →OCLC, pages 87–88:

[…] He wondered what sasswood was—Delah had sworn by sasswood that she was telling the truth when the coaxed those in the shadow village out of hiding. Delah explained that many years ago, before the Americos starting intefering in tribal business, trial by sasswood was a way of determining whether a person accused of a crime was innocent or guilty. The bark of a particular tree was mashed to make a "truth serum." If the accused died after drinking the concoction, he was guilty. Refusal to drink was also an indication of guilt, in which case the accused was executed.

2000, James E. Christie, Juju, Lincoln, Neb.: Writers Club Press, iUniverse, →ISBN, part III (War), page 423:

The man dipped a machete in a concoction of water, palm oil and kola nuts, held it in fire for several minutes, and then placed it on the right legs of the four suspects. None of the youths – ages 16 to 26 – appeared to flinch. They were deemed not guilty. This practice known as ‘sassywood’ is banned under national law, but is still regarded as a legitimate form of justice by many Liberians. A suspect is subjected to intense pain and judged on his or her reaction – if the hot metal burns the person’s leg, he or she is found guilty. […] According to a rights activist in Nimba County, the problem is that many people will submit to sassywood because they do not know it has been outlawed. “Sassywood is very common here and most people believe that it is the only means of knowing a guilty person,” said Dualo Lor of the church-based NGO Equip-Liberia in Nimba, 300km from Monrovia. “They are not even aware the practice is outlawed.”

2007 November 1, “Trial by ordeal makes the guilty burn but ‘undermines justice’”, in IRIN, archived from the original on 2017-05-06:

A form of trial by ordeal in Liberia, typically involving a suspect drinking a poisonous concoction made from the bark of the ordeal tree Erythrophleum guineense, Erythrophleum ivorense, or Erythrophleum suaveolens (called sassy bark); by extension, other forms of trial by ordeal such as applying a heated machete to the suspect's legs, or dipping the suspect's hand into hot oil.


dyer's greenweed

en-noun

dyer's greenweed (countable and uncountable, plural dyer's greenweeds)

Genista tinctoria
Genista tinctoria#Translingual


Chinese elder

A species of elderberry, Sambucus javanica, in the family Adoxaceae native to subtropical and tropical Asia.


lapacho

A herbal tea made from the inner bark of the tree Handroanthus impetiginosus.


kiawe

Some kiawes have no thorns but usually the youngest branches of the tree have thorns, which are bad for barefoot Island children.

1996, Peggy Hickok Hodge, Gardening in Hawaii, page 80:

Take time to look around at the dawning light that casts lovely shadows on the rock and the gnarly kiawe (a relative of mesquite) trees that line the dry canyon walls.

2009 August 20, Jim Byers, “The summit of Hawaiian beauty”, in Toronto Star:

Prosopis pallida, a species of mesquite tree.


albizzia

From the commonly used, but invalid translingual taxonomic name Albizzia, a correction of Albizia to match Filippo degli Albizzi's name. Such corrections, however, are not allowed by the taxonomic rules.

Any of a number of trees and shrubs considered either now or formerly to belong to the genus Albizia.


St. Thomas bean

St. Thomas bean (plural St. Thomas beans)

A plant of species Entada phaseoloides, found in Oceania and East Asia.


Indian coral tree

Indian coral tree (plural Indian coral trees)

A tree of species Erythrina variegata, native to the tropical and subtropical regions of eastern Africa, the Indian Subcontinent, northern Australia, and the islands of the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean east to Fiji.


titoki

Alectryon excelsus, a New Zealand tree found in lowland forests.


cuphea

[…] I gave myself up to the enjoyment of the landscape, and of the sight of the garden flowers (as we should regard them in England) growing wild at our feet, including cupheas, ageratum, and double briar-roases, irises, jasmines, and many others.

1885, Annie Brassey, In the Trades, the Tropics, & the Roaring Forties:

This is consistent with the results reported by [52 ] which recorded a significant reduction of root length and shoot dry matter in cuphea plants (family Lythraceae) when V(V) was added to hydroponic solutions in the 25–150 μM range.

2015 October 21, “Detoxification Processes from Vanadate at the Root Apoplasm Activated by Caffeic and Polygalacturonic Acids”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

Any plant of the genus Cuphea, including cigar plants.


macassar

Alteration of Makassar (“a port city in Indonesia”)

THE EMPIRE ROOM Mark Grossich, who created the Campbell Apartment lounge in Grand Central Terminal, is using plenty of stainless steel and macassar ebony to turn a former post office branch in the Empire State Building into a sophisticated Art Deco setting for that perfect Manhattan: 350 Fifth Avenue (33rd Street).

2009 September 2, “Opening Later”, in New York Times:

A form of ebony from the tree Diospyros celebica


obeche

obeche (countable and uncountable, plural obeches)

The wood of this tree; whitish yellow in colour and easy to process.


black elder

Sambucus nigra
Sambucus nigra#Translingual


Lebanon cedar

Cedrus libani subsp. libani, a cedar that grows in Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, northwest Jordan, western Syria, and south-central Turkey.


firecracker flower

firecracker flower (plural firecracker flowers)

The ornamental plant Crossandra infundibuliformis.


African dream herb

traditional medicine
traditional medicine

Entada rheedei or Entada rheedii, a large woody liana used in African traditional medicine to induce vivid dreams.


cacoon vine

The tropical vine Entada rheedei, which bears the cacoon.


arbutoid

Characteristic of the Arbutus genus; applied to a kind of mycorrhiza where the fungal hyphae form sheaths around the root tips.


purpletop

purpletop (usually uncountable, plural purpletops)

The plant Tridens flavus, a robust North American perennial bunchgrass.


knotroot

Collinsonia canadensis, a perennial medicinal herb in the mint family, Lamiaceae.


red silky oak

red silky oak (countable and uncountable, plural red silky oaks)

Certain trees and large shrubs in the family Proteaceae:

Grevillea banksii (dwarf silky oak, white silky oak)

Alloxylon wickhamii (syn. Oreocallis wickhamii)

Stenocarpus salignus (Killarney beefwood), of Australia


African rosewood

African rosewood (countable and uncountable, plural African rosewoods)

Millettia laurentii, a legume tree native to western central Africa that yields a wood called wenge.

Species in the genus Guibourtia, including

Guibourtia coleosperma, a tree species of Angola and some neighboring countries.

Hagenia abyssinica (East African rosewood), a species of flowering plant native to high-elevation regions of central and eastern Africa.

Pterocarpus erinaceus, or other African Pterocarpus spp.


gampi

A Japanese shrub of the genus Wikstroemia, some species of which have been used for making paper in Japan, including:

Wikstroemia canescens, a south Asian plant

Wikstroemia kudoi (shakunan-ganpi), endemic to Kyushu (Yakushima)

Wikstroemia pseudoretusa (munin-aoganpi), endemic to the Ogasawara Islands

Wikstroemia sikokiana (ganpi) (syn. Diplomorpha sikokiana) (ki ganpi)


yellow jasmine

yellow jasmine (countable and uncountable, plural yellow jasmines)

Italian yellow jasmine

Chrysojasminum humile, syn. Jasminum humile

Chrysojasminum humile (syn. Jasminum humile), native to Asia

Any of several species of plants with fragrant flowers resembling Jasminum humile

Gelsemium sempervirens, native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the Americas

Gelsemium sempervirens
Gelsemium sempervirens#Translingual

Pittosporum revolutum, native to Australia


African peach

With the plants common to the Slave Coast may be included the Zingiber officianale (ginger), Sarcocephalus esculentus (African peach), Gossipium herbaceum (cotton plant), Tamarindus Indica (tamarinds), Cucurbita Citrullus (water-melon) […]

1845, W.F. Daniell, “Some Observations on the Medical Topography, Climate, and Diseases, of the Bights of Benin and Biafra”, in London Medical Gazette, volume 35, page 643:

In 2013, researchers at the Universite Joseph Fourier in Grenoble discovered unexpectedly racemic tramadol in the root bark of the sub-Saharan African peach (pincushion tree, Nauclea latifolia).

2015, Bernd Schaefer, Natural Products in the Chemical Industry:

Nauclea latifolia) (syns. Sarcocephalus latifolius, Sarcocephalus esculentus), a deciduous rubiaceous climbing shrub of west tropical Africa, or its fruit; its bark, doundaké, is used medicinally.


paldao

On modular pieces for homes and offices Rohde combined exotic woods like paldao and East Indian laurel with experimental manmade materials including Fabrikoid faux leather and Mira-Lith sandy washable paint.

2009 September 25, Eve M. Kahn, “Televisions With a Proud History”, in New York Times:

The wood of Dracontomelon dao, the Pacific walnut.


flax-leaved daphne

Daphne gnidium
Daphne gnidium#Translingual

Daphne gnidium, a poisonous evergreen shrub from the Mediterranean region with dense dark-green foliage and fragrant white flowers.


citroid

(botany) Belonging to the tribe Citreae or related plants.


lamb's ears

Stachys byzantina, an ornamental low-growing perennial related to betony with soft, silky hairs on the leaves which give it an attractive silvery-gray color.

綿毛水蘇 /绵毛水苏

ornamental plant with silky hairs on the leaves


English oregano

The most common type of oregano, Origanum vulgare subsp. vulgare, which grows wild in England.


wild marjoram

wild marjoram (usually uncountable, plural wild marjorams)

(UK) English oregano, Origanum vulgare subsp. vulgare, which grows wild in the British Isles.


Mt. Pima oregano

An herb related to bee balm native to Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico, Monarda austromontana, which smells and tastes like oregano


Mexican oregano

Mexican oregano (usually uncountable, plural Mexican oreganos)

A Mexican and southwestern-US herb related to bee balm, Mt. Pima oregano, Monarda austromontana, which smells and tastes like oregano


Spanish oregano

A mediterranean herb similar to thyme, Thymbra capitata, which smells and tastes like oregano and which is an important source for oil of oregano.


sticker grass

sticker grass (countable and uncountable, plural sticker grasses)

Certain bur-producing plants
Various species of genus Cenchrus

Certain bur-producing plants
Various species of genus Soliva

Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus terrestris#Translingual

Certain bur-producing plants
Tribulus terrestris


alpine saxifrage

alpine saxifrage (usually uncountable, plural alpine saxifrages)

Micranthes nivalis (snow saxifrage), a Eurasian plant

(Canada, US) Micranthes nidifica (peak saxifrage)

Any of several plant of alpine habit
Micranthes nidifica (peak saxifrage)

Saxifraga paniculata (livelong saxifrage)

Any of several plant of alpine habit
Saxifraga gaspensis


corobane

Apparently originated c. 1971 as an error for cowbane.


cavendishia

(botany) Any of the genus Cavendishia of woody perennial plants.


wildegranaat

From Afrikaans wildegranaat, from wilde granaat (“wild pomegranate”).

(South Africa) Burchellia bubalina, the wild pomegranate.


pultenaea

Any of the genus Pultenaea of Australian flowering plants; the bush peas.


love vine

Clematis virginiana, virgin's bower a North American ornamental vine.


common heather

Calluna vulgaris
Calluna vulgaris#Translingual

Calluna vulgaris (ling, calluna, heather)


turpentine broom

From its broom-like appearance and pungent scent.

Thamnosma montana, a shrub in the citrus family Rutaceae, native to North American deserts.


aroeira

In another study carried out with andiroba (Carapa guianensis) and aroeira (Schinus molle) oils, solubilization of oily phase with organic solvent allowed only to obtain coarse emulsions; nanoemulsions (respectively with mean droplet around 240 and 130 nm) could finally be produced by a further high pressure homogenization step [52 ].

2016 January 8, “Development of a Larvicidal Nanoemulsion with Pterodon emarginatus Vogel Oil”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

California pepper tree
California pepper tree

Schinus molle
Schinus molle#Translingual

The California pepper tree (actually native to South America, not California) (Schinus molle).


lemon eucalyptus

lemon eucalyptus (countable and uncountable, plural lemon eucalyptuses)

Corymbia citriodora
Corymbia citriodora#Translingual

Corymbia citriodora, a lemon-scented eucalypt native to Australia


bugwood

Besides these two trees, which are the most general form of vegetation met with, may be found the briglow, bugwood, lapunya, lancewood, cork, box, and bloodwood, the last so named from its light red sap, which oozes in a thick stream

1904, Scottish Geographical Magazine, volume 20, page 578:


wirilda

It grows on branches of wirilda wattle, and is no longer common in the area, although it can also be seen on wirildas along the cliff walk at Queenscliff.

2013, Graham Patterson, Coastal guide to nature and history: Port Phillip Bay, page 27:

An Australian acacia tree, Acacia retinodes, which has edible seeds.


camucamu

Myrciaria dubia, a small bushy riverside tree of the Amazon rainforest.


velvet bean

Mucuna pruriens
Mucuna pruriens#Translingual

Any of several legumes.
Mucuna pruriens.

Any of several legumes.
Mucuna pruriens subsp. deeringiana.

Any of several legumes.
Pseudarthria hookeri.


guavaberry

Myrciaria floribunda, a Caribbean fruit tree.


miracle berry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-miracle berry.wav

Certain plants and their fruit that make sour foods taste sweet, native to west Africa, of species:

Synsepalum dulcificum, which contain miraculin;


golden alexanders

golden alexanders (plural golden alexanders)


water wisteria

Hygrophila difformis, an aquatic acanthus found in marshy habitats on the Indian subcontinent, not closely related to the true wisteria.


snuff box sea bean

snuff box sea bean (plural snuff box sea beans)

Lens phaseoloides. Snuff-box sea-bean. Plate LVI. Family Fabaceae. Local names.--Gayê, Gadyê, Gayî, Lódusong, Bayog (Guam); Gogo, Gogong bakai, Bayogo, Balones (Philippines); Cacoon (West Indies); Boja (Cuba); Tupe (Samoa); Kaka (Rarotonga); Match-box bean (Queensland).

1905, Elihu Root, Elihu Root collection of United States documents:

The seeds of the snuff box, sea bean (Entada scandens) are mentioned in Norse literature as early as 1632 as of inorganic origin and were often considered to have been formed by the waves and called solvent stones.

1920, Edward W. Berry, “A Fossil Sea Bean from Venezuela”, in The American Journal of Science, page 311:

Entada phaseoloides (Linnaeus) Merrill, also called Entada scandens, the match-box bean or snuff-box sea bean

1939, The Guam Recorder, volumes 16-18, page 350:

entada rheedii, commonly known as the African Dream Herb or Snuff Box Sea Bean

2015, S Kamminlun Vaiphei, Folktales of the Vaiphei:

The other species of Entada is E. phaseoloides, commonly known as Queensland bean. It is distributed throughout the tropical forests from Africa to Australia. Match box bean and snuff box sea bean are other names used for this species.

2016, Bharati Bhattacharyya, Golden Greens: The Amazing World of Plants, page 136:

African dream herb
African dream herb#English

Variously the St. Thomas bean (Entada phaseoloides) or the African dream herb (Entada rheedei).


corkscrew hazel

corkscrew hazel (plural corkscrew hazels)

Corylus avellana
Corylus avellana#Translingual

a cultivated variety of the common hazel, Corylus avellana 'Contorta', on which the trunk and branches grow in an irregular corkscrew-like manner.


sensitive plant

sensitive plant (plural sensitive plants)

The picture that was found on a bramble-bush, the new sensitive-plant, or tree, which caught the swain by the upper-garment, and presented to his ravished eyes a portrait.

1788, Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary: A Fiction:

A Sensitive Plant in a garden grew, / And the young winds fed it with silver dew, / And it opened its fan-like leaves to the light, / And closed them beneath the kisses of the night.

1820, Percy Bysshe Shelley, “The Sensitive Plant”, in Prometheus Unbound […], London: C[harles] and J[ames] Ollier […], →OCLC, part first, stanza 1, page 157:

The heart is the true sensitive plant—revolting at a touch.

1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXIII, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume I, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 284:

Mimosa pudica
Mimosa pudica#Translingual

A plant that moves in response to touch and other physical stimuli; especially Mimosa pudica, an annual plant native to Central and South America.


bottle tree

Any of a number of trees that have a swollen base to the trunk giving a bottle-like appearance, including:


minnerichi

Acacia cyperophylla, a fabaceous tree of Australia.


coffee senna

coffee senna (usually uncountable, plural coffee sennas)

A pantropical plant of species Senna occidentalis, used medicinally.


no parking whitebeam

no parking whitebeam (plural no parking whitebeams)

The first such tree to be found was in North Devon, England, with a "no parking" sign nailed to it.

(neologism) Karpatiosorbus admonitor, a species of whitebeam tree.


staff vine

Any of several vines in the genus Celastrus.


paxistima

paxistima (usually uncountable, plural paxistimas)

Either of two species of North American plants with glossy, evergreen leaves, Paxistima canbyi or Paxistima myrsinites, grown as groundcovers or low shrubs.


mountain lover

mountain lover (usually uncountable, plural mountain lovers)


ratstripper

ratstripper (usually uncountable, plural ratstrippers)

An ornamental evergreen groundcover or low shrub native to the Appalachian mountains of the Eastern US, Paxistima canbyi


cliffgreen

cliffgreen (usually uncountable, plural cliffgreens)

Paxistima canbyi, an ornamental evergreen groundcover or low shrub native to the Appalachian mountains of the Eastern US.


Oregon boxwood

Oregon boxwood (usually uncountable, plural Oregon boxwoods)

An ornamental evergreen groundcover or low shrub native to western North America, Paxistima myrsinites


yellow broom

Any yellow-blooming plant of tribe Genisteae: subfamily Faboideae, especially:

1861, Charlotte Guest, translator, The Mabinogion/The Dream of Rhonabwy.
And the green of the caparison of the horse, and of his rider, was as green as the leaves of the fir-tree, and the yellow was as yellow as the blossom of the broom.

(US) Baptisia tinctoria, of the tribe Thermopsideae: subfamily Faboideae.


caesalpinia

Learned borrowing from translingual Caesalpinia.

learned borrowing

(botany) Any member of the genus Caesalpinia.


simal

In April 2017, an Asian Woollyneck nest was found at a height of 31m in the bole of a 36m tall Simal Bombax ceiba tree located by the Khakabesi River in Argha[.]

2020 June 13, BirdingASIA, page 103, column 1:

A tree, Bombax ceiba, native to much of tropical and temperate Asia and Australasia.


simsim

He(Ali Baba) then went to the door and saying, "Open, O Simsim!" he pushed in and beheld the dead lich of Kasim, …

1882-1885, Richard Francis Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Alaeddin; Or, The Wonderful Lamp

The residents mainly cultivate food crops (maize, rice, sweet potatoes and beans) and cash crops (tobacco, groundnuts, simsim and sunflower).

2015 August 8, Justine A. Assenga et al., “Epidemiology of Brucella infection in the human, livestock and wildlife interface in the Katavi-Rukwa ecosystem, Tanzania”, in BMC Veterinary Research, volume 11, →DOI:


moss phlox

en-noun

moss phlox (countable and uncountable, plural moss phloxes)


yellow toadflax

yellow toadflax (usually uncountable, plural yellow toadflaxes)

Linaria vulgaris
Linaria vulgaris#Translingual

A perennial plant, common toadflax (Linaria vulgaris), with a raceme of pale yellow and orange flowers, native to most of Europe.


nicker bean

Entada gigas, a flowering liana in the pea family Fabaceae, with large seed pods.


nemesia

(botany) Any plant of the genus Nemesia in the family Scrophulariaceae.


tree lupin

Russell and tree lupin produced seed, and seedlings are growing. The larger tree lupin plants are growing in spite of snow damage.

1966, Report of the Forest Research Institute, Rotorua, New Zealand Forest Service, page 76:

Studies in New Zealand began at Woodhill, one of the coastal sand dune forests of the North Island, in which marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) and perennial tree lupin (Lupinus arboreus) are used to stabilise the sand before Pinus radiata forest is established.

1983, John C. Gordon, Biological nitrogen fixation in forest ecosystems: foundations and applications:

Where the slopes are too steep for agricultural management and where coarser-grained wastes are too droughty for pasture legumes to persist, the end point of the reclamation process could be a scrub cover of tree lupins (Lupinus arboreits) and/or gorse (Ulex spp.), the willow (Salix cinera) and eventually oak (Quercus spp.) woodland.

1993, Peter Alma, Environmental Concerns, page 98:

A species of flowering plant, Lupinus arboreus.


tick-trefoil

From tick + trefoil (“three-leaved”). Tick refers to the plant's loments – pods that break apart into segments that each contain one seed – which have small hooked hairs that allow the segments to stick to clothes, hair, or fur, similar to the way a tick clings on with its legs.

One of several species in the genus Desmodium in the legume family


water parsnip

Any plant of the genus Sium, as the skirret.


wongi

(Australia) Manilkara kauki, a plant in the family Sapotaceae, found in tropical Asia and northern Queensland, Australia.


oshac

The perennial herb Dorema ammoniacum, whose stem yields ammoniacum.


ebontree

These following bodies do not draw: smaragd, achates, corneolus, pearl, jaspis, chalcedonius, alabaster, porphyry, coral, marble, touchstone, haematites, or bloodstone; smyris, ivory, bones, ebontree, cedar, cypress, pitch, softer rosin, […]

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:


squashberry

Viburnum edule
Viburnum edule#Translingual

Viburnum edule, the pembina or lowbush cranberry.


Cape yellowwood

Cape yellowwood (countable and uncountable, plural Cape yellowwoods)

He was standing beside the old Cape yellowwood jonkmanskas which I'd changed into a cocktail cabinet.

1978, André Brink, Rumours of Rain, Vintage, published 2000, page 160:

A South African tree with yellowish wood, Podocarpus latifolius, or the wood from this tree.


swarthaak

The vegetation on this plateau is chiefly vaal and rosyntjiebos, with areas of swarthaak and Karroo veld.

1947, Journal of the South African Veterinary Medical Association, page 156:

On the farm of my boyhood friend Gys there had also been a row of old Griqua graves in the open veld among the swarthaak thorn-trees, far from the house […].

1978, André Brink, Rumours of Rain, Vintage, published 2000, page 302:

Some of the main, or pioneering woody invaders in various parts are: Acacia mellifera var. detinens, known as swarthaak, which has invaded about 2 million ha, notably in the northern Cape and western Transvaal […].

2013, Holzner & Numata, editor, Biology and ecology of weeds, page 430:

(South Africa) An African thorn tree, Senegalia mellifera.


garden pea

Contemporary snow pea cultivars have been bred from crosses between snow and garden peas. For example, 'Oregon Sugar Pod' came from a cross of 'Dwarf Gray Sugar' with OSU 102 (a garden pea with typical freezer pea characteristics).

2001, Jules Janick, Plant Breeding Reviews, volume 21, page 97:

Peas likely came ashore in the New World with the earliest English and French explorers and spread along with the colonies. Thomas Jefferson has a nearly mythical association with garden peas.

2011, Sheri Castle, The New Southern Garden Cookbook:

(usually in the plural) A variety of pea grown for food.


bread-and-cheese

The edible young leaves of the hawthorn.


golden cypress

golden cypress (plural golden cypresses)

Chamaecyparis obtusa
Chamaecyparis obtusa#Translingual

Chamaecyparis obtusa 'Crippsii', a dense evergreen tree with yellow-tipped branchlets.


crampbark

Viburnum opulus
Viburnum opulus#Translingual

Viburnum opulus, the highbush cranberry.


caranna

A hard, brittle, resinous gum, obtained from the West Indian tree Dacryodes excelsa, and formerly used in medicine.


oxytrope

From translingual Oxytropis, from Ancient Greek ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp, pointy”) + τρόπις (trópis, “keel”).


red sanders

A tree of species Pterocarpus santalinus or its reddish heartwood, highly valued in woodworking, and used as a dye as well as a traditional herbal medicine.


asparagus bean

Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis
Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis

A bean of east Asia with long, edible pods, a yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis).


yam bean

Any of the plants in the genus Pachyrhizus, including several similar cultivated species.


albizia

A wilt disease has spread among many of the large trees in the Seychelles with most of the sandragons and albizias being affected […].

2012, Lyn Mair, Lynnath Beckley, Seychelles: The Bradt Travel Guide, page 31:

To visit Grandpa, Margio had to trudge up the hill through albizia trees and clove woods, on paths lined by mahogany trees, deep into the wild jungle known only to hunters.

2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 38:

A plant of the genus Albizia; a siris or silk tree.


horse gram

en-noun

horse gram (countable and uncountable, plural horse grams)

A plant with edible beans, native to southern India, Macrotyloma uniflorum (in older literature Dolichos uniflorus or Dolichos biflorus), grown as a minor food crop or as fodder for horses.


kulthi

A bean grown for food or horse fodder, the horse gram, Macrotyloma uniflorum.


hopniss

Borrowed from Unami hopënis (/hopənis/ (which has now shifted to meaning "potato"), compare Munsee óhpən, ohpën (“potato”)), possibly via Colonial Swedish. Compare katniss.

You have to cook hopniss tubers—they are inedible and potentially toxic raw. They are great boiled, roasted, or fried.

2014, Leda Meredith, Northeast Foraging: 120 Wild and Flavorful Edibles, →ISBN:

Apios americana, a perennial vine that bears edible beans and large edible tubers.


hog peanut

A plant native to eastern North America that produces edible nut-like seeds both aboveground and underground, Amphicarpaea bracteata


desert bean

(US) A wild plant of species Phaseolus filiformis, with edible beans, native to arid regions in northern Mexico and the southwestern US.


Moreton Bay chestnut

Moreton Bay chestnut (plural Moreton Bay chestnuts)

A large Australian tree with showy flowers and poisonous seeds, prized for its dense, attractive wood, Castanospermum australe.


field pea

A type of domestic pea grown for use as a dry seed rather than as a vegetable, as:

Any of certain varieties of Lathyrus oleraceus.

Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata#Translingual

Any of certain varieties of Vigna unguiculata.


crowder pea

Generally said to be from crowd, due to some varieties having seeds crowded together in the pod, but possibly from crowdy (“porridge, gruel”)

A type of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, closely related to the black-eyed pea, but without the characteristic black spot.


chickling vetch

Nativized spelling of chichling vetch or chickling + vetch first nativizing chickling from chichling then compounding.

Lathyrus is known in English as the chickling vetch or grass pea and can be bought in very specialized Italian grocery stores as cicerchia, which fascinatingly enough have been revived in Slow Food circles as a traditional Umbrian food in danger of disappearance. They look something like chickpeas, but smaller.

2007, Ken Albala, “Oddballs and Villains”, in Beans: A History, Berg, →ISBN:

Lathyrus sativus
Lathyrus sativus#Translingual

A plant with edible seeds similar to peas and chickpeas of species Lathyrus sativus, used as a famine food but causing lathyrism if eaten in large amounts or over a long time.


golden dewdrop

She watered the golden dewdrops, and Mameh sometimes thought she seemed more interested in the care of her plants than in that of her children.

2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 111:


bitter vetch

bitter vetch (usually uncountable, plural bitter vetches)


ervil

Vicia ervilia
Vicia ervilia#Translingual

bitter vetch, blister vetch (Vicia ervilia).


laurel oak

Either of two trees native to the southeastern United States: Quercus hemisphaerica and Quercus laurifolia.


prayer bead

Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius#Translingual


soft pine

Any member of the pine subgenus Pinus subg. Strobus.


balloon plant

A flowering vine with large, hollow seedpod and round seeds featuring a heart-shaped mark; Cardiospermum halicacabum


love in a puff

love in a puff (countable and uncountable, plural love in a puffs)

Of the varieties of seeds planted, only three were not edible: Chinese lanterns, love in a puffs, and cosmos.

2015 April 23, Carolyn Bick, “Tabor Academy students help plant the future”, in Sippican Weekly:

A flowering vine with large, hollow seedpod and round seeds with a heart-shaped mark; Cardiospermum halicacabum


bustic

A tree native to Florida and the Caribbean, Sideroxylon salicifolium


ifil

A Philippine and Pacific island tree (Intsia bijuga), yielding a valuable brown dye and having a very hard and durable dark wood.


Manchurian apricot

Manchurian apricot (plural Manchurian apricots)

Prunus mandshurica, a tree native to northeast China, Korea, and Manchuria, with white or pink flowers and edible yellowish fruit.


chhole

Usually she makes my father’s favorite dishes along with poori, samosas, chhole and sweets.

2009 September 27, Natasha Singh, “My Mother’s Imposed Fast: I Feel Her Hunger”, in New York Times:


bobby bean

Similarly, the recent boom in imports of fine beans from Egypt has been based on pre-existing capabilities in growing the less sophisticated bobby beans.

2001, Oliver Morrissey, Igor Filatotchev, Globalisation and Trade, →ISBN:

For the UK market, it is important to note that fine beans are only acceptable up to a maximum of 7-5.5mm diameter. Thus, in this market, fine beans range from 6 to 7.5mm and bobby beans must be at least 8.5mm. Any product between 7.5 and 8.5mm is hard to sell.

2001, Commonwealth Secretariat, Guidelines for Exporters of Fruit and Vegetables to the European Markets, →ISBN:

Bobby beans are produced mostly in large plantations, as they are less labor-intensive than the extra fine beans, which tend to do better in smallholder farms due to high labor requirements.

2007, Julius Juma Okello, Clare Narrod, Devesh Roy, Food Safety Requirements in African Green Bean Exports and Their Impact on Small Farmers, page 4:

A French bean that is larger than 8mm in diameter, typically from a variety such as Nerina, Bronco, or Paulista.


fine bean

The double component is that both courgette and bean elements are twofold: yellow and green courgettes, cut into batons, oil-dressed and oven-roasted; waxy, kidney-curling vibrantly green broad beans, and darker green fine beans, both lightly boiled then refreshed to keep their verdant intensity.

2014, Nigella Lawson, Nigella Summer, →ISBN:

A French bean that is narrower than 7.5 to 9mm in diameter, typically from a species such as Monel, Garonnel, Amy, Masai, Longio, or Paulista.


talisay

From Spanish talisay or Tagalog talisay from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *talisay.

Terminalia catappa
Terminalia catappa#Translingual

(Philippines) A tree of species Terminalia catappa, Indian almond or tropical almond.


golden rain

golden rain (countable and uncountable, plural golden rains)

Laburnum anagyroides
Laburnum anagyroides#Translingual


canafistula

Possibly from translingual Cassia fistula.

Cassia fistula
Cassia fistula#Translingual

The flowering plant Cassia fistula, the golden shower tree.


dapdap

Borrowed from Tagalog or Cebuano, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *dapdap.

(Philippines) The Indian coral tree, Erythrina variegata.


golden rain tree

golden rain tree (plural golden rain trees)

Any plant of genus Koelreuteria, of southern and eastern Asia, especially Koelreuteria paniculata, of China.


cow weed

From Middle English couwede, cowede, equivalent to cow + weed.


Norfolk pine

Norfolk Island pine
Norfolk Island pine#English


Pomeroy

en-proper noun

Pomeroy (countable and uncountable, plural Pomeroys)

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English

A village in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.

A small city in Calhoun County, Iowa, United States.

A city, the county seat of Meigs County, Ohio, United States.

census-designated place
census-designated place

A census-designated place in Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States.

A city, the county seat of Garfield County, Washington, United States.


false plane tree

en-noun

false plane tree (plural false plane trees)

Acer pseudoplatanus
Acer pseudoplatanus#Translingual

A sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), native to North America.


velvet tamarind

velvet tamarind (countable and uncountable, plural velvet tamarinds)

A tamarind plant, usually from one of three species

Dialium cochinchinense, native to southeast Asia

Dialium indum, native to south and southeast Asia


pampelmoes

pomelo (disputed)

From French pamplemousse and Dutch pompelmoes, probably from pompel (“thick”) or pompoen (“pumpkin”), from French pompon (“pumpkin; melon”), and from Portuguese limões (“lemons”). Continuing use in South Africa supported by Afrikaans pompelmoes and pampelmoes. Possibly originally transcribing Tamil பம்ப ளிமாசு (pampa ḷimācu, “big citrus”).

der

(now chiefly South Africa) Synonym of pomelo, as both a large fruit of Southeast Asia and as a catchall term for other related fruit such as the grapefruit.


black sage

en-noun

black sage (usually uncountable, plural black sages)

(California) Any member of the species Salvia mellifera of aromatic sage native to California, which are an important nectar source for sage honey.


ghetto palm

Note the presence in the foreground of the fronds of ailanthus, often called “ghetto palm,” now ubiquitous in Baltimore but apparently already common in the 1930s.

Ailanthus altissima
Ailanthus altissima#Translingual

Synonym of tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima)


gypsy rose

A perennial plant, Knautia arvensis, commonly known as field scabious.


flea tree

Albizia lebbeck
Albizia lebbeck#Translingual


frywood

From fry + wood, referring to the sound the seeds make as they rattle inside the pods, like food frying.


woman's tongue tree

woman's tongue tree (plural woman's tongue trees)

An allusion to the sound the seeds make as they rattle inside the pods, and women's tendency to gossip.


garbanzo bean

The Spaniard, it seems, takes at every meal his "garbanzo" bean, the Italian his macaroni, etc.

1884, The Dietetic Reformer and Vegetarian Messenger, volume XI, page 95:

Garbanzo bean (Cicer arietinum L.), also called chickpea, is a large-seeded annual legume.

1958, Colorado Agricultural College, Technical Bulletin, volume 734, page 1:

Garbanzo beans have been known throughout Europe since the Middle Ages. They are available dried, or canned.

2006, Fabien Bellahsen, Daniel Rouche, France: Mediterranean Cuisine, page 60:

Cicer arietinum
Cicer arietinum#Translingual


breakstone

breakstone (countable and uncountable, plural breakstones)

Any plant growing in stony places, especially in cracks in stone

Pimpinella saxifraga
Pimpinella saxifraga#Translingual


European beech

European beech (countable and uncountable, plural European beeches)

Fagus sylvatica
Fagus sylvatica#Translingual


laupele

From Samoan laupele from lau (“leaf”) + pele (from Proto-Oceanic *bele (“a kind of shrub”)- compare Fijian bele (“Abelmoschus manihot”)).

‘Maintenance free’ greens like laupele, pi, isalaelu, kukama maukegi melegi etc can be planted.

2017 July 10, “Get organised”, in Samoa Observer:

A flowering plant in the mallow family, commonly grown for its edible leaves, Abelmoschus manihot.


njahi

This may have been due to the rather unsatisfactory manner in which the bjahi went under the ground — future experiments will corroborate this explanation or otherwise — or because the soil is still so fertile and still has so much organic matter that, especially in years of ample rainfall, the amount of soil nutrients derived from two crops of njahi makes no appreciable difference to- the total plant food substances available in the soil.

1933, Kenya Dept. of Agriculture, Bulletin:

When he got there, he found his colleagues tucking into roast chicken and other tastier things than njahi and could not help pitying himself.

2017 July 13, “MY WEEKEND: Just be sure you are in the right wedding ceremony before late”, in Daily Nation:

Lablab purpureus
Lablab purpureus#Translingual

A type of black bean grown in Kenya, hyacinth bean or lablab (Lablab purpureus).


mrenda

"Mrenda" is a traditional vegetable which is very bitter.

For instance, he enjoys ugali with mrenda, a slimy vegetable that I can't stand, but since he likes it, it would be unfair of me to deny him his treat just because it doesn't fascinate me.

2009, Adah Adoyo, She shall be called woman: my story, page 81:

3 bunches mrenda (jute leaves)

2014, Susan Kamau, Let's Cook Kenya: National Ethnic Foods, page 88:

Corchorus olitorius
Corchorus olitorius#Translingual

A species of shrub, Corchorus olitorius, used for fiber and as a food.


swamp Spanish oak

swamp Spanish oak (plural swamp Spanish oaks)


cananga tree

Cananga odorata
Cananga odorata#Translingual


crossandra

(botany) Any of the genus Crossandra of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae.


sweet lime

sweet lime (countable and uncountable, plural sweet limes)


molave

molave (countable and uncountable, plural molaves)

From Spanish molave, from Tagalog mulawin.

(Philippines) A tree, either Vitex parviflora or Vitex cofassus in the family Lamiaceae.


yakal

yakal (countable and uncountable, plural yakals)

(Philippines) Shorea astylosa; a tree endemic to the Philippines.


ugniberry

ugniberry (countable and uncountable, plural ugniberries)

(countable) A shrub bearing that berry, of species Ugni molinae, related to the myrtle.


tazziberry

Coined as an Australian trademark, from Tasmania berry.


honeycup

A North American shrub of the genus Zenobia.


Chilean guava

Chilean guava (countable and uncountable, plural Chilean guavas)


New Zealand cranberry

New Zealand cranberry (plural New Zealand cranberries)


Chilean cranberry

Chilean cranberry (plural Chilean cranberries)


strawberry myrtle

strawberry myrtle (countable and uncountable, plural strawberry myrtles)


devil's shoestring

The plant Tephrosia virginiana (goat's rue, catgut).


farewell-to-spring

farewell-to-spring (usually uncountable, plural farewell-to-springs)

(US) A wildflower of western North America, Clarkia amoena, that blooms in late spring and early summer


deciduous camellia

deciduous camellia (plural deciduous camellias)

Stewartia pseudocamellia
Stewartia pseudocamellia#Translingual

Stewartia pseudocamellia, an ornamental tree of east Asia.


marsh mallow

Malva sylvestris
Malva sylvestris#Translingual


isodon

Any flowering plant of the genus Isodon.


peach tree

Prunus persica
Prunus persica#Translingual

Prunus persica, a fruit tree of the genus Prunus, that bears peaches.


apricot tree

Prunus armeniaca
Prunus armeniaca#Translingual

A fruit tree which bears apricots; Prunus armeniaca.


birch tree

/ˈbɜːtʃ ˌtɹiː/

A tree of the genus Betula, native to countries in the Northern Hemisphere.


firewheel tree

(Australia) An Australian rainforest tree grown as an ornamental for its bright red flowers, Stenocarpus sinuatus


California fuchsia

California fuchsia (plural California fuchsias)

(US) A highly variable species of herbaceous perennial native to California and other parts of western North America, Epilobium canum, with showy flowers reminiscent of fuchsias.


soncoya

Subsequently Mr. Wercklé forwarded hook-pointed fruits to the United States Department of Agriculture, stating that in his opinion the two forms are variations of the same species, and in a letter dated July 15, 1913, he writes: "There is absolutely no difference in the flowers and the leaves between the soncoyas. […]"

1914, William Edwin Safford, Classification of the Genus Annona with Descriptions of New and Imperfectly Known Species:

A Central American tropical fruit related to the cherimoya, Annona purpurea


bullock's heart

bullock's heart (plural bullock's hearts)

A tropical fruit grown throughout the tropics, Annona reticulata.


pond apple

So called because it grows in a watery swamp environment.

A tree native to Florida and throughout the New World tropics, Annona glabra.


silk tree

an Asiatic leguminous tree (Albizia julibrissin) with finely bipinnate leaves, and large flat pods; so called because of the abundant long silky stamens of its blossoms.


mugga

Eucalyptus sideroxylon, a species of eucalyptus endemic to eastern Australia.


Caesar weed

Urena lobata, an annual undershrub with pink flowers, widely distributed as a weed in the tropics of both hemispheres including Brazil and Southeast Asia.


vinegarweed

From vinegar + weed, from the vinegary odour of its foliage.

Trichostema lanceolatum, an annual flowering herb of the mint family with an intensely pungent scent, native to western North America.


kabosu

The juicy citrus fruit of Citrus sphaerocarpa, often used in Japanese food. It is grown primarily in Ōita Prefecture.


mao shan wang

/ˈmaʊ˦ ˈʃan˦ ˈwaŋ˨˦/

From Malay musang (“civet cat”), via Mandarin 貓山王 /猫山王 (māoshānwáng).

To make sure a seller isn't passing off a lesser durian as a Mao Shan Wang, look for prominent seams radiating from the base of the durian.

2008, July 13, Rebecca Lynn Tan, How to pick a durian, The Straits Times, page 4

Prized for its bright yellow, bittersweet flesh, Mao Shan Wang was a best-selling durian this year.

2008, 5 September, Tan Hsueh Yun, PURR-FECTLY YUMMY, The Straits Times, page 21

There are several different types of durian, with names such as Mao Shan Wang (Cat Mountain King), Hong Xia (Red Prawn), Mon Thong (Golden Pillow), or simple numbers such as D24, D1, D13 and D100.

2009, Marianne Rogerson, In Singapore: 60 Fabulous Adventures in the City, Times Printers Pte Ltd, page 157:

The coveted Mao Shan Wang, or Cat Mountain King, is a premium breed known for its creamy and sticky texture and bittersweet taste.

2010, 1 August, Kelvin Lim, The Durian Express, The Sunday Times, page 10

A popular variety like Mao Shan Wang (Musang King), which sold for as little as $12 per kg earlier this month, now costs at least $16 a kg.

2016, 30 August, Melissa Lin, Durian prices up as harvest peak ends, The Straits Times, page B4

Mr Shui, who has been in the business for more than 30 years, brings in about 10 durian varieties from both Johor and Penang – including the highly sought-after Mao Shan Wang.

2017, 9 July, Lee Si Xuan, Durian Doldrums, The Sunday Times, page A4

(Singapore, Malaysia) A premium variety of durian, characterized by its bright yellow flesh, bittersweet taste and creamy texture.


stinking toe

Hymenaea courbaril
Hymenaea courbaril#Translingual

(Caribbean, Jamaica, informal) The edible fruit of Hymenaea courbaril.


ponkan

Borrowed from Japanese 椪柑(ポンかん) (ponkan), from Hokkien 椪柑 (phòng-kam).

Citrus poonensis
Wikispecies:Citrus poonensis

A sweet, round citrus fruit which is a hybrid of a mandarin and a pomelo (Citrus poonensis).


vavangue

Borrowed from French vavangue. Further etymology unknown.

Vangueria madagascariensis, a flowering plant with a large orange edible fruit.


mapou

“They found him beneath a great mapou tree, and one by one he called for his grandchildren, including Max's father.”

1985, Wade Davis, The Serpent and the Rainbow, Simon & Schuster, page 75:

The mapou belongs to Legba, the master of the crossroads, one of the most important gods in the pantheon, Apollo to Ogoun's Ares.

2013, Amy Wilentz, Farewell, Fred Voodoo, Simon & Schuster, page 78:

It was calm and surprisingly cool in the mapou grove.

2015, Madison Smartt Bell, Soul in a Bottle:

Ceiba pentandra
Ceiba pentandra#Translingual

On Haiti, the kapok tree, Ceiba pentandra.


mombin batard

Seven leaves of mombin bâtard and seven leaves of loupgarou must be picked with the same invocation.

1966, Francis Huxley, The invisibles: Voodoo gods in Haiti, page 56:

Oris was stretched out in the shade of a mombin batard tree, resting on one elbow and gnawing on a stick of sugarcane.

1985, Wade Davis, The Serpent and the Rainbow, Simon & Schuster, page 78:

Mombin (Spondias Mombin) is a kind of plum much prized in Haiti, and the mombin-batard (Trichilia Hirta) is the wild variety, a common Haitian tree whose leaves are believed to drive away evil spirits through purifying powers related to the plant's supposed African origin.

2008, Rene Philoctete, Massacre River, page 231:

A deciduous shrub growing on Haiti of species Trichilia hirta (red cedar).


tcha-tcha

The plants were easier to identify. One was a species of Albizzia known in Haiti as tcha-tcha, and planted as a shade tree throughout the country.

1985, Wade Davis, The Serpent and the Rainbow, Simon & Schuster, page 95:

Haitians cheered and waved tcha-tcha branches, symbols of joy, as their first freely elected leader, above, gives a victory wave from the balcony of the National Palace.

In Haiti, the small flowering tree Albizia lebbeck.


camagon

camagon (countable and uncountable, plural camagons)

From Spanish camagón, from Cebuano kamagong.

Diospyros blancoi
Diospyros blancoi#Translingual

A kind of persimmon tree (Diospyros blancoi) from the Philippine Islands, now introduced into the East and West Indies.


nut pine

Any of the pine trees that bear pine nuts.


crownvetch

crownvetch (usually uncountable, plural crownvetches)

From crown + vetch, formed identically to Dutch kroonwikke, German Kronwicke.

A crawling leguminous vine, Securigera varia, which is native to Eurasia and Africa but widely planted elsewhere as a ground cover, where it can become an invasive weed.


creeping barberry

creeping barberry (plural creeping barberries)

A low-growing shrub with prickly leaves, native to western North America, Berberis repens (syn. Mahonia repens).


oneseed juniper

oneseed juniper (plural oneseed junipers)

Translated from the taxonomic name: translingual Juniperus is from Latin iuniperus (“juniper”) and monosperma is from Ancient Greek μόνος (mónos, “single, alone”) + σπέρμα (spérma, “seed”)

der

A shrub or small tree native to mountains in southwestern North America, Juniperus monosperma


sweet scabious

Any of species Sixalix atropurpurea (syn. Scabiosa atropurpurea) of herbaceous plants.


mourning bride

sweet scabious (Sixalix atropurpurea, syn. Scabiosa atropurpurea)


pyinkado

From Burmese ပျဉ်းကတိုး (pyany:ka.tui:).


Chinese hibiscus

en-noun

Chinese hibiscus (plural Chinese hibiscuses)

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis#Translingual

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, native to east Asia.


lanzon

Lansium domesticum
Lansium domesticum#Translingual

Lansium domesticum, a species of tree in the mahogany family


chorogi

In general appearance, the plant is much like the Chorogi or Stachys Sieboldii which is sold as an esculent by the seedman, and a detailed report of which was made from this station two years ago

1892, Horticultural division, “A new edible plant—Stachys Floridana”, in Bulletin of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, volume 61, page 329:

However, few studies have examined the neuroprotective effects of S. sieboldii tuber extract (chorogi extract), and it remains unknown whether the extract can alleviate learning and memory dysfunction associated with vascular dementia or Alzheimer's disease.

2015, S. Harada, T. Tsujita, A. Ono, K. Miyagi, T. Mori, S. Tokuyama, “Stachys sieboldii (Labiatae, Chorogi) Protects against Learning and Memory Dysfunction Associated with Ischemic Brain Injury”, in Journal of Nutrition Science and Vitaminology, →DOI, page 167:

The Chinese artichoke or crosne, Stachys affinis or S. sieboldii, an herbaceous plant of the family Lamiaceae.


diesel tree

Copaifera langsdorffii, a tropical rainforest tree whose wood is honeycombed with capillaries filled with oil.


Jonagold

An apple cultivar, a cross between Golden Delicious and Jonathan.


St Patrick's cabbage

London pride, a hybrid of the above two plants (Saxifraga × urbium)


turbinella oak

A shrubby oak of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, Quercus turbinella, with prickly gray-green, evergreen leaves.


Sierra plum

Prunus subcordata
Prunus subcordata#Translingual

A shrub or small tree native to northern California and southern Oregon, Prunus subcordata, sometimes grown for its edible fruit.


California plum

California plum (plural California plums)


giant hyssop

giant hyssop (usually uncountable, plural giant hyssops)

Any plant in the genus Agastache, aromatic herbs in the mint family.


nettle-leaved horsemint

nettle-leaved horsemint (usually uncountable, plural nettle-leaved horsemints)

An aromatic herb of the western US in the mint family, Agastache urticifolia, used medicinally by the American Indians.


nettle-leaf giant hyssop

nettle-leaf giant hyssop (usually uncountable, plural nettle-leaf giant hyssops)

An aromatic herb of the western US in the mint family (Agastache urticifolia), used medicinally by the American Indians.


nettle-leaf horsemint

nettle-leaf horsemint (usually uncountable, plural nettle-leaf horsemints)

nettle-leaved horsemint
nettle-leaved horsemint#English

Alternative form of nettle-leaved horsemint


French parsley

Called French parsley by Europeans, chervil is a symbol of new life for them, because of its resemblance to myrrh given to baby Jesus.

[2006, Susheela Raghavan, Handbook of Spices, Seasonings, and Flavorings, 2nd edition, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 84:

Is it any wonder that a synonym for chervil is French parsley?

[2009, Thomas DeBaggio, Arthur O. Tucker, The Encyclopedia of Herbs […] , Timber Press, →ISBN, page 154:

Anthriscus cerefolium
Anthriscus cerefolium#Translingual


gesho

Rhamnus prinioides, the shiny-leaf buckthorn.


woodmarch

From Middle English wodemarch, wudemerch, from Old English wudemerċe, wudumerċe, from wude, wudu (“wood”) + merċe, mereċe (a type of aquatic plant), from Proto-Germanic *marikiz (“waterplant, celery, parsley”).

inh

Let the man who hath ill humours on his neck take halswort and woodmarch and wild chervil and strawberry plants and everthroat, and garclife, and ironhard gathered without use of any iron, and stitchwort, and knee holly and broad bishopwort and brownwort, […]

1866, Thomas Oswald Cockayne, Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England:

(botany) An umbelliferous plant, a species of sanicle (Sanicula europaea).


common beech

en-noun

common beech (countable and uncountable, plural common beeches)

Fagus sylvatica
Fagus sylvatica#Translingual


wink-a-peep

I know where king-cups grow
And wink-a-peeps that sleep when days are dark.

1905, Edwin Davies Schoonmaker, The Saxons: A Drama of Christianity in the North:


spurge-laurel

(botany) A flowering plant of species Daphne laureola.


cornalean

(biology) Any plant of the order Cornales


King Billy pine

King Billy pine (plural King Billy pines)

After William Lanne, popularly known as King Billy. The tree is not a pine, but is in fact in the cypress family.

A species of evergreen conifer native to Tasmania, Athrotaxis selaginoides.


Callery pear

Pyrus calleryana, a species of pear tree native to China and Vietnam, in the family Rosaceae.


pepperberry

A large Australian laurel, of species Cryptocarya obovata.


snake vine

(US) false Solomon's seal, Maianthemum racemosum


knobwood

From the cone-shaped knob-like protuberances that cover the bark.

In one, whe had seen an object wrapped in a dirty cloth hanging from the branch of a knobwood tree.

2017, Laura Spinney, Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How it Changed the World:

Any of various South African trees of genus Zanthoxylum that have knob-like protuberances on the bark.


gmelina

The air is cool in this shade of whistling gmelina trees.

2023, Stephen Buoro, The Five Sorrowful Mysteries of Andy Africa, Bloomsbury Circus, page 63:

(botany) Any member of the genus Gmelina.


Indian mahogany

Toona ciliata
Toona ciliata#Translingual

Any tree or the wood from two species of trees in the family Meliaceae:

Toona ciliata, native from southern Asia to Australia; also known as toon, Australian redcedar, or Indian cedar


African nutmeg

African nutmeg (countable and uncountable, plural African nutmegs)

A tree from tropical Africa, Monodora myristica (Annonaceae).


calabash nutmeg

calabash nutmeg (usually uncountable, plural calabash nutmegs)

A tree from tropical Africa, Monodora myristica.


bearwort

Meum athamanticum
Meum athamanticum#Translingual

A perennial alpine plant, Meum athamanticum.


lumbayao

The wood from this tree, commercially sold as Philippine mahogany


bauno

There are durian trees, Durio zibethinus, of enormous size and unquestionably very old all along the Agusan in the various settlements up to the Davao boundary, and large baunos, Mangifera caesia, of excellent quality are obtainable at Butuan when they are in season.

1922, Bulletin, volumes 38-40, Philippines Bureau of Agriculture, page 20:

Mangifera caesia; a wild mango found in the Philippines.


blackcurrant

1993, R. D. Davidson, 19: The vegetation of Lough Neagh wetlands, R.B. Wood, R.V. Smith (editors), Lough Neagh: The Ecology of a Multipurpose Water Resource, Monographae Biologicae: Volume 69, page 487,
Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) and guelder rose (Viburnum opulus) are frequent but alder buckthorn (Frangula alnus) a common constituent of East Anglian carr is very rare.

Blackcurrant leaf has a diuretic action [11,12,14], therefore it should not be taken concurrently with diuretics indicated for cardiac or renal insufficiency except on medical advice.

2003, European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy, ESCOP Monographs: The Scientific Foundation for Herbal Medicinal Products, page 426:

On this first day I concentrated on bushes - gooseberry and blackcurrants for the bottom end borders, rhododendrons for the front inside the wall and a couple of hydrangeas in the spaces left in the monoblocking to the left of the front door.

2005, Bernard Stocks, The Teenage Pensioner, page 112:

A shrub, Ribes nigrum, that produces small, very dark purple, edible berries.


whortle bush

/ˈwɜːtl̩bʊʃ/

The Red Bilberry, or whortle-bush, riseth up like the [Black], having sundry harder Leaves, like the Box-Tree Leaves, green and round pointed standing on the several Branches […]

1652, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physitian, London: Peter Cole, page 16:

With a short breath of wonder, and a long one of delight, Rose stopped, and sat down by a low whortle-bush, with a pink frill still adorning it.

1882, Richard Doddridge Blackmore, chapter 4, in Christowell: A Dartmoor Tale, volume 2, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, page 69:

My course ran along by the foot of the beautiful Quantock Hills, where heavy-wooded coombes are scattered over the broad heathery downs, deep with bracken and whortle-bushes.

1889, Arthur Conan Doyle, chapter 23, in Micah Clarke:

The bird feigned a broken wing, and Vassilli, falling into the trap, instead of shooting her at once, followed her as she dodged through the whortle bushes.

1915, Maud Doria Haviland, chapter 9, in A Summer on the Yenisei, London: Edward Arnold, page 193:

Any of several shrubs belonging to the genus Vaccinium, bearing fruit known as whortleberries.


chasteberry

Vitex agnus-castus
Vitex agnus-castus#Translingual


danshen

zh-m

丹參／丹参 (dānshēn)

traditional Chinese medicine
traditional Chinese medicine

A perennial sage of species Salvia miltiorrhiza, valued in traditional Chinese medicine for its roots.


bergamia

(taxonomy) A species of the citrus fruit bergamot, probably a natural hybrid between a lemon and an orange.


Italian parsley

en-noun

Italian parsley (usually uncountable, plural Italian parsleys)

A flat-leafed type of parsley used in cooking and salads.


root parsley

root parsley (usually uncountable, plural root parsleys)

It is divided, botanically, into two groups: leaf parsley (Petroselinum crispum ssp. crispum) and root parsley (Petroselinum crispum ssp. tuberosum, or P. crispum convar. radicosum).

2009, Nancy Arrowsmith, Essential Herbal Wisdom […] , Llewellyn Worldwide, →ISBN, page 193:

A type of parsley with a large edible root (Petroselinum crispum Radicosum Group or Petroselinum crispum ssp. tuberosum).


Hamburg parsley

Hamburg parsley (usually uncountable, plural Hamburg parsleys)


turnip-rooted parsley

turnip-rooted parsley (usually uncountable, plural turnip-rooted parsleys)


mitsuba

From Japanese 三つ葉 (mitsuba) from 三つ (mitsu, “3”) + 葉 (ha, “leaf”).

An East Asian herb grown, especially in Japan, for its flavorful leaves, Cryptotaenia japonica.


hardy kiwi

A perennial vine native to China, Japan, Korea and Siberia (Actinidia arguta).


kiwi berry

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-kiwi berry.wav

the hardy kiwi, an edible fruit similar to the kiwifruit


powdery liveforever

powdery liveforever (plural powdery liveforevers)

Dudleya farinosa, a prized ornamental of highly variable, often spectacular appearance, native to the coast of northern California and Oregon.


bissap

Hibiscus sabdariffa
Hibiscus sabdariffa#Translingual

The plant roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa).


French berry

A small berry, the fruit of certain species of buckthorn, used in dyeing yellow.


biriba

The tropical tree (Rollinia mucosa, syn. Rollinia deliciosa), native to South America, cultivated widely.


guayacan

From Spanish guayacán, from Taíno waiacan.

Any of various trees of Latin America which typically have strong, hard wood.


kiyomi

Borrowed from Japanese 清見 (きよみ, kiyomi).


snap pea

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-snap pea.wav

Pisum sativum
Pisum sativum#Translingual

A cultivar of pea, Pisum sativum, having an edible pod like the snow pea, but differing from the latter in that its pod is more rounded.


fever tree

Pinckneya pubens
Pinckneya pubens#Translingual

The American flowering plant Pinckneya pubens.


calabur tree

Muntingia calabura
Muntingia calabura#Translingual

A tree (Muntingia calabura) native to the New World tropics, now widely cultivated, with ornamental, economic, and environmental uses.


pepper tree

Any of the South American trees in the genus Schinus, which have small fruits that have been used as a substitute for black pepper.


poor man's weatherglass

poor man's weatherglass (countable and uncountable, plural poor man's weatherglasses)

Scarlet pimpernel flowers open only when the sun shines, and even close in overcast conditions.

Pimpernel (poor man's weather glass) was also a protection, but as the gatherer collected the herbs, he must chant a certain incantation and continue to do so twice a day for 15 days[.]

1940, Rosetta E. Clarkson, Green Enchantments: The Magic Spell of Gardens, The Macmillan Company, page 272:

Anagallis arvensis
Anagallis arvensis#Translingual

A scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis).


bastard camphor tree

bastard camphor tree (plural not attested)

From its resemblance to the camphor tree.


Cape quince

Cape quince (countable and uncountable, plural Cape quinces)

Cryptocarya woodii, a shrub or small forest tree, native to southern and eastern Africa.


gum coolibah

Eucalyptus intertexta, the inland red box or western red box, a tree native to Australia.


bastard sandalwood

bastard sandalwood (plural bastard sandalwoods)

false sandalwood
false sandalwood#English


bastard ironwood

bastard ironwood (plural bastard ironwoods)

Pouteria costata, a coastal tree native to New Zealand and Norfolk Island (Australia), in New Zealand also called the tawapou; its leathery leaves have prominently raised primary nerves/veins, and branches exude a milky fluid if cut.

tawāpou

Pouteria costata tree of New Zealand and Australia


false sandalwood

false sandalwood (plural false sandalwoods)

Myoporum sandwicense, a flowering tree or shrub in the figwort family endemic to Hawai'i, highly variable in its form, the size and shape of its leaves, in the number of flowers in a group and in the shape of its fruit.


quarrenden

"Will 'ee have some?" said Martha Ann presently, holding out her apron filled with rosy quarrendens.


hogberry

Any of several plants or their berries, usually neglected by humans


crab's eye

Abrus precatorius
Abrus precatorius#Translingual

A viney legume of species Abrus precatorius.


Christmas pride

Ruellia macrantha, an ornamental flowering plant of Brazil.


ajmoda

Probably from Hindi अजमोद (ajmod) from Sanskrit अजमोद (ajamoda)

(India) A plant related to ajwain, Trachyspermum roxburghianum, used as a spice and in Ayurvedic medicine.

(India) The seeds of wild celery, used in Indian folk medicine.


amaltas

(India) The canafistula or golden shower tree.


cebil

The carob tree (Spanish algarrobo), which might be called the oak of the country, from its slow growth and general aspect, unfortunately docs not possess a bark rich in tannin. Nevertheless, we have the cebil in two varieties — the red and the white [...]. *: Red Cebil (Acacia Cebil, Gries). — Experience, as well as chemical analysis, teaches us that the mature tree produces the greatest quantity of tannin, [...]. White Cebil. — This tree is distinguished from the red species by its leaves, which are more finely feathered, and by the facility with which its bark dries and ceases to take part in the circulation of the trees. [...] The young trees of the two species of cebil contain almost the same quantity of tannin; [...]

1878, Pharmaceutical Journal: A Weekly Record of Pharmacy and Allied Sciences, page 548:

From 900-1,200 ft. to 3,000-4,500 ft. is the zone of the cebils and the giant trees, ...

1914, George J. Mills, Argentina: Physical Features, Natural Resources, Means of Communication, Manufactures and Industrial Development, page 132:

(uncommon) A South American tree (Anadenanthera colubrina), the bark of which contains tannin and is used in tanning hides.


ispaghula

/ˌɪspəˈɡuːlə/

Borrowed from Urdu اسپغول (ispaġol), from Classical Persian اسپغول (ispağōl), from اسپ (asp, “horse”) + غول (ğōl, “ear”), because of the shape of its seeds.

psyllium (Plantago ovata syn. Plantago ispaghula and Plantago afra syn. Plantago psyllium)


cover-shame

Juniperus sabina
Juniperus sabina#Translingual

A plant, savin (Juniperus sabina), which was historically used as both a contraceptive and to induce abortions.


pommecythere

Borrowed from French pomme cythère, from pomme (“apple”) and Cythère (“Kythira”).

Another was punished for stealing pommecytheres from the tree in the College and maintained that he got extra punishment because Fr. Graf dearly loved pommecytheres […]

1994, Anthony De Verteuil, The Germans in Trinidad, page 214:

The next morning, I thought my dream had its genesis in the five bara, two soak pommecythere and several pieces of anchar with a small bowl of ice cream for dessert I had before hitting the bed.

1996, Kevin Baldeosingh, The Autobiography of Paras P., page 61:

Spondias dulcis
Spondias dulcis#Translingual

Synonym of ambarella (fruit (Spondias dulcis))


pentas

The next step may be the most crucial to happiness with your pentas. If your soil is acidic and you grow azaleas, camellias, or blueberries with ease, then add lime to your pentas' planting area.

2003, Norman Winter, Tough-as-nails flowers for the South, Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, →ISBN, page 38:

Egyptian starcluster
Egyptian starcluster

Any of the flowering plants of the genus Pentas, especially the Egyptian starcluster, Pentas lanceolata.


Persian apple

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Persian apple.wav

Prunus persica
Prunus persica#Translingual


pagoda tree

(source of wealth): See pagoda (“a kind of gold coin”).

India has been transferred from the regions of romance to the realms of fact […] the mines of Golconda no longer pay the cost of working, and the pagoda-tree has been stripped of all its golden fruit.

It might be mistaken […] for the work of some modern architect, built for the Nabob of a couple of generations back, who had enriched himself when the pagoda-tree was worth the shaking.

1881 September 3, Saturday Review, page 307:

(India, archaic, colloquial) The opportunity to make money rapidly in British India.


deadly carrot

Any of the genus Thapsia of poisonous plants in the family Apiaceae.


dodo tree

Wildlife biologist Stanley Temple hypothesised that perhaps the dodo tree was dependent on its seeds passing through the digestive system of dodos in order to properly germinate and that the handful of individuals in the 1970s were the last remaining trees from seeds that passed through a dodo in the 1690s-1700s when they went extinct.

A tree native to Mauritius, Sideroxylon grandiflorum.


caesalpinioid

Any tree of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae


dalbergioid

Any flowering plant of the tribe Dalbergieae or the clade Dalbergioids.


genistoid

Any of many flowering plants in a clade of the subfamily Papilionoideae


guango

Albizia saman
Albizia saman#Translingual

(Jamaica) The tree Albizia saman, of the pea family.


garland thorn

Paliurus spina-christi
Paliurus spina-christi#Translingual

The plant Christ's thorn, Paliurus spina-christi.


ndengu

Vigna radiata
Vigna radiata#Translingual

(Kenya) green gram (bean of Vigna radiata)


hedgehyssop

hedgehyssop (usually uncountable, plural hedgehyssops)

Any of various plants of the genus Gratiola.


vataireoid

Any of a monophyletic clade of legumes of the subfamily Faboideae


shrubby false buttonweed

shrubby false buttonweed (countable and uncountable, plural shrubby false buttonweeds)

Spermacoce verticillata (tribe Spermacoceae), of the tropical and subtropical New World.

Oldenlandia verticillata (tribe Spermacoceae)


false buttonweed

false buttonweed (countable and uncountable, plural false buttonweeds)

From resemblance to buttonweed (Diodia).

Any plant of species in genus Spermacoce.


tiger wood

The variegated heartwood of a tree (Paramachaerium schomburgkii, syn. Machaerium schomburgkii) found in Guiana.


cottonwood hibiscus

cottonwood hibiscus (plural cottonwood hibiscuses)

Talipariti tiliaceum
Talipariti tiliaceum#Translingual

A common coastal plant, of species Talipariti tiliaceum, native to south and southeast Asia, Australia, and Oceania.


snakebark maple

snakebark maple (plural snakebark maples)

Another snakebark maple grown for its striped bark, 'White Tigress', is probably a hybrid of this species.

2014, Allen J. Coombes, The Book of Leaves: A Leaf-by-Leaf Guide to Six Hundred of the World's Great Trees:

Any maple tree belonging to the section Acer sect. Macrantha, with distinctive patterned bark.


pyrola

(botany) Any of the genus Pyrola of wintergreens.


hog plum

Any of several types of plants that produce plum-like fruit.

Certain species of Prunus, particularly Prunus angustifolia (Chickasaw plum), Prunus rivularis (wild-goose plum), and Prunus umbellata (Allegheny plum).

Prunus angustifolia
Prunus angustifolia#Translingual

Ximenia americana (false sandalwood, yellow plum).

Ximenia americana
Ximenia americana#Translingual


greater plantain

greater plantain (plural greater plantains)

Plantago major
Plantago major#Translingual


hare's ear

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-hare's ear.wav

From Middle English harys eere, haris heere, hares eres, equivalent to hare's + ear.

Any of various plants in the genus Bupleurum.


spearbush

A plant native to Australia, Pandorea doratoxylon.


blue-eyed Mary

blue-eyed Mary (countable and uncountable, plural blue-eyed Marys)

(Canada, US) Collinsia verna, an annual plant native to the eastern and central parts of North America, having blue and white flowers.


fool's watercress

Apium nodiflorum (syn. Heliosciadium nodiflorum), a flowering plant native to western Europe, the leaves somewhat resembling those of watercress.


cheirolepidiacean

Any extinct conifer of the family Cheirolepidiaceae


scarlet runner

In reference to its red flowers and climbing habit.

Phaseolus coccineus
Phaseolus coccineus#Translingual


golden saxifrage

Any of various plants of the genus Chrysosplenium, having yellow flowers.


tagasaste

Optimum spacing between tagasaste plants within rows must depend on site conditions, especially moisture and nutrient availability.

1990, R. J. Townsend, “Tagasaste forage production systems”, in New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, volume 33, page 632:

Cytisus proliferus, a small evergreen tree commonly used to improve the condition of soils used for farming.


ramarama

The ramarama is the largest and most attractive of the New Zealand myrtles: it varies from a dwarf shrub to a small tree 30ft. in height, but is easily distinguished from all other indigenous plants by its reddish-brown leaves, the spaces between the veins of which are tumid or inflated, presenting a singular appearance, as if blistered.

1889, Thomas Kirk, “Myrtus bullata, Banks and Solander”, in The Forest Flora of New Zealand, page 267:

L. bullata (ramarama) is a beautiful shrub or small tree growing to about 5m.

1987, John Brack Mortimer, Trees for the New Zealand Countryside: A Planter's Guide, page 241:

He mentioned a ramarama tree - this, he explained, was not the ramarama, or pepper-tree, of Murihiku, but was a tree like the rohutu, bearing black berries like the konini (fuchsia).

1994, James Herries beattie, Traditional Lifeways of the Southern Maori:

When John-Paul Oliver reported his myrtle rust-infected ramarama tree to authorities, they sent him plastics bags and a wool fadge and told him to remove it himself.

2018 April 14, Elton Rikihana Smallman, “Property owner copes with myrtle rust on his own”, in Stuff NZ:

(New Zealand) A species of evergreen myrtle tree, Lophomyrtus bullata.


chirpine

Pinus roxburghii
Pinus roxburghii#Translingual


sad tree

Calque of its Latin name, Latin arbor trīstis.

night-blooming jasmine
night-blooming jasmine


Catherine pear

See, the Catherine pear, and the vergaloo, how rich, juicy, and delicious.

1822, Noah Webster, The American Spelling Book: Containing the Rudiments of the English Language, page 70:


common box

Buxus sempervirens
Buxus sempervirens#Translingual

Buxus sempervirens, an evergreen shrub found from England and Morocco to Iran.


sea hibiscus

Hibiscus tiliaceus
Hibiscus tiliaceus#Translingual

Talipariti tiliaceum (syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus), native near Old World tropical coasts.


white popinac

Leucaena leucocephala
Leucaena leucocephala#Translingual

A small fast-growing mimosoid tree (Leucaena leucocephala), native to southern Mexico and northern Central America, now naturalized throughout the tropics.


popinac

Variant of opopanax, a shrub (Opopanax chironium).

Vachellia farnesiana
Vachellia farnesiana#Translingual

Vachellia farnesiana (syn. Acacia farnesiana), a widely cultivated thorny shrubby acacia of the southern U.S. and tropical America with fragrant ball-shaped yellow flowers.


Cape jasmine

Cape jasmine (countable and uncountable, plural Cape jasmines)

Formerly believed to be a jasmine (genus Jasminum) from the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa.

Gardenia jasminoides
Gardenia jasminoides#Translingual

Gardenia jasminoides, a fragrant flowering plant native to southeastern Asia.


Indian madder

Rubia cordifolia
Rubia cordifolia#Translingual

Rubia cordifolia (munjeet), now widely distributed at tropical and subtropical latitudes in eastern and southern Africa and Asia, growing at elevations up to 3,500 meters.


sand cherry

Prunus pumila, a North American cherry in the rose family, growing in sandy locations.


pagoda flower

Clerodendrum paniculatum, native from Papua New Guinea to Taiwan to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.

Certain other species of Clerodendrum with similar flowers.


needle bush

Any of certain shrubs with needle-like leaves.

Of genus Hakea, especially of species Hakea lissosperma and Hakea preissii, native to Australia.


sarcocolla

/sɑːkəˈkɒlə/

From Latin sarcocolla, from Ancient Greek σαρκοκόλλα (sarkokólla), from σάρξ (sárx, “flesh”) + κόλλα (kólla, “glue, adhesive”).

A shrub of species Astragalus sarcocolla, native to Iran.

A shrub of species Penaea sarcocolla, native to South Africa.

traditional medicine
traditional medicine

Gum resin obtained from them, (historical) particularly A. sarcolla resin as used in traditional medicine and paint manufacture.

عَنْزَرُوت

A. sarcocolla resin; closely similar resins

(inexact) Similar resins produced from similar species of shrubs, particularly Penaea mucronata and Astragalus fasciculifolius.


white honeysuckle

white honeysuckle (countable and uncountable, plural white honeysuckles)

Rhododendron viscosum, a shrub native to the eastern United States.


marking-nut tree

marking-nut tree (plural marking-nut trees)

The juice of the nuts is used as an ink to mark textiles

Any of several species of genus Semecarpus of trees.


puriri

Vitex lucens, an evergreen tree endemic to New Zealand.


awara

Borrowed from Guyanese Creole English awara, from Lokono awara.

The food found in its stomach was the seed of the awarra, a species of palm (Aristocaryon spec?)

1841, Robert H[ermann] Schomburgk, “Banded Schizodon. Schizodon fasciatus, Agas.”, in William Jardine, editor, Fishes of Guiana. Part I (The Naturalist’s Library, Ichthyology; III), Edinburgh: W[illiam] H[ome] Lizars, […]; London: S. Highley, […], →OCLC, page 253:

The Ita palm supplies the drink called Belteerie; of the fruit of the Tooroo palm a drink resembling chocolate is made; the Awara palm also yields a drink; the Guava, Souari, and tamarind.

1857, J. O. Bagdon, “Vegetable Products”, in Guiana: Geographical and Historical. […], Georgetown, Demerara, British Guiana: R. Short, →OCLC, pages 16–17:

Handsome bracelets and rings are carved out of the nut of the Awara palm (Astrocaryum Awara); it is black, very hard, and bears a high polish.

1871 September 1, “International Exhibition. The French Pictures.”, in The Art-Journal, volume X (New Series; volume XXXIII overall), London: Virtue & Co., →OCLC, page 220, column 1:

Oil of the awara palm. This palm is very common on the coast of French Guiana; the fruit grows to a fine bunch, and ripens and falls between February and April. It is one of the most useful of trees, for every particle of it is utilized.

1876 June, “France. Cayenne. Report by Consul Wooldridge on the Trade and Commerce of French Guiana for the Year 1875.”, in Reports from Her Majesty’s Consuls on the Manufactures, Commerce, &c., of Their Consular Districts. Part IV. […] (Accounts and Papers; 34 (Commercial Reports—continued)), volume LXXV, London: Harrison and Sons, […], →OCLC, page 850, column 1:

The five principal palms of the British Guiana rivers are the trooly, the aeta, the cocorite, the manicole, and the awarra, and all these grow in the greatest profusion on the banks of the Berbice.

1885, The Gardeners’ Magazine, volume XXVIII, London: Gardeners’ Magazine Office, →OCLC, page 642:

Above Ahwiemah, and upwards until the sandy ridges in the neighbourhood of Youacourie creek are met with, the district is almost a continuous swamp, in which the prickly awarra palms (Astrocaryum) luxuriate and in some places completely line the riverside.

1890 June, [J. J. Quelch], “On the Upper Berbice River”, in J. J. Quelch, editor, Timehri: Being the Journal of the Royal Agricultural and Commercial Society of British Guiana, volume IV (New Series), part I, Demerara: J. Thomson, […]; London: E[dward] Stanford, […], →OCLC, page 317:

An Amerindian informant living in the area stated that it fed on fruits of the Awarra Palm Astrocaryum tucumoides and the Cuyuru Palm A. tucuma.

1976 June 18, E. McLoughlin, P. J. K. Burton, “Notes on the Hawk-headed Parrot Deroptyus accipitrinus”, in J. F. Monk, editor, Bulletin of the British Ornithologists’ Club, volume 96, number 2, London: British Ornithologists’ Club, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 69:

At dawn the beautiful wife asked Bási Kodjó to go off to the forest with her to collect awara palm seeds. [...] Bási Kodjó climbed the awara tree and began picking fruit. Suddenly the woman turned back into her natural form, a Bush Cow, and called out to her relatives. [...] Bási Kodjó had turned himself into a tiny awara palm thorn and hidden by sticking himself into a leaf.

1991, Richard Price, Sally Price, “Introduction: Collective Fabulation”, in Two Evenings in Saramaka, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, →ISBN, page 18:

This owl nests mostly in cavities in trees. On 23 June 2006, a nest was discovered at Awala-Yalimapo [...]. The nest cavity was situated on top of a dead beheaded awara palm tree Astrocaryum vulgare. The palm tree with a height of c. 5 m and a diameter of c. 15 cm stood in the middle of a small group of bushes, low trees and awara palms next to the parking of the primary school.

2017, Olivier Claessens, Nyls de Pracontal, Johan Ingels, “The Owls of French Guiana”, in Paula L. Enríquez, editor, Neotropical Owls: Diversity and Conservation, Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, page 426:

(Guyana, chiefly attributively) The palm tree Astrocaryum vulgare which is native to the Amazon Rainforest region.


dong quai

Angelica sinensis
Angelica sinensis#Translingual

Angelica sinensis, a herb native to China, used in traditional Chinese medicine.

當歸 /当归

herb used in traditional Chinese medicine


monotropoid

Any of the subfamily Monotropoideae of flowering plants.


robin-run-in-the-hedge

Glechoma hederacea
Glechoma hederacea#Translingual


chanate

Borrowed from Spanish chanate, from a Nahuan language; cf. Classical Nahuatl tzanatl (“great-tailed grackle”).

cog

great-tailed grackle
great-tailed grackle

Quiscalus mexicanus
Quiscalus mexicanus#Translingual

great-tailed grackle (Quiscalus mexicanus)

“A chanate has come to pay us a visit,” doña Gertrudis said. [...] “It’s a black bird with red shoulders,”

2003, Rigoberto González, Crossing Vines: A Novel, page 67:

red-winged blackbird
red-winged blackbird#English

Agelaius phoeniceus
Agelaius phoeniceus#Translingual

red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus)


clubgrass

Several sedges in Scirpus and related genera.


Persian berry

especially, the fruit of Rhamnus saxatilis.


serradilla

A common flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae, native to grasslands in temperate Eurasia and North Africa.


hen and chicken

en-noun

hen and chicken (plural hen and chickens or hens and chickens)

hen and chickens (plural)
hens and chickens (plural)

From the growth habit of the plant: a larger, older plant surrounded by smaller, younger suckers.

Any of several groups of plants of similar appearance:

Bergenia, a non-succulent Asian plant genus in family Saxifragaceae.


devil's herb

From devil + herb. From the suffering of people with the gene OR6A2, who are more sensitive to aldehydes, found in the herb, which impart an unpleasant medicinal taste.

(slang) The herb form of cilantro/coriander.


chadon beni

Borrowed from French chardon béni (“blessed thistle”): chardon (“thistle”) (ultimately from Latin carduus (“wild thistle; artichoke”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *kars- (“to rub, scrape, scratch”)) + béni (past participle of bénir (“to bless”), ultimately from Late Latin benedīcō (“to bless, praise”), from bene (“well”) and dīcō (“speak”)).

der

The people of Trinidad and Tobago also love their shark and bake which they spice with a sauce made from chadon beni (one of the most versatile herbs that is used to spice meats or make a flavoured pepper sauce).

1997, Caricomview: A Monthly Newsletter of the Caricom Secretariat, Georgetown, Guyana: Communications Unit, Caricom Secretariat, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 8:

If you go to Maracas Bay, have shark-and-bake, a spicy fried bread sandwich of fried shark with a variety of sauces such as tamarind, garlic, chadon beni.

1999, Sarah Cameron, Ben Box, editors, Caribbean Islands Handbook 2000: With the Bahamas, 11th edition, Bath, Somerset: Footprint Handbooks, →ISBN, page 970:

This herb is referred to as false cilantro because it resembles and is related to cilantro. It is also known as recao, long coriander, saw-tooth coriander, culantro, or shadow beni.

2005, Lynn Marie Houston, “Major Foods and Ingredients”, in Ken Albala, editor, Food Culture in the Caribbean (Food Culture around the World), Westport, Conn., London: Greenwood Press, Greenwood Publishing Group, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 35:

Over the 10 week period the students were guided in the development of investment profiles for producing 6 products and or commodities: dehydrated hot peppers; dasheen leaves; pasteurized milk (using small scale equipment); sweet corn; Chadon Beni; and Red tilapia.

2006 March, “Technical Cooperation Results – 2005”, in The Contribution of IICA to the Development of Agriculture and Rural Communities in Trinidad and Tobago: Annual Report 2005, Port of Spain, Trinidad: IICA [Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture] Office in Trinidad & Tobago, section 5.5 (Developing Human Capital), page 16, column 2:

Grilled corn with shadon beni butter […] Inspired by a popular Trinidadian herb, I've come up with a more interesting topping: shadon beni butter. […] But don't despair if you can't find shadon beni: cilantro makes an equally delicious butter. By the way, you can use shadon beni butter as a great topping for other simply grilled vegetables and seafood.

2008 April, Steven Raichlen, “Vegetables: Greens Meet Grill”, in The Barbeque! Bible, New York, N.Y.: Workman Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 404, column 2:

The air was spiced with chadon beni and wild thyme, his favourite perfume.

2009, Monique Roffey, The White Woman on the Green Bicycle, New York, N.Y.: Penguin Books, published 2011, →ISBN:

Every week I buy my herbs—cive (as it's spelled here) and thyme (sold separately), parsley and chadon beni (a close relative of cilantro)^([sic – meaning culantro])—from the same Rastafarian farmer, who always welcomes me, though this market swims with shoppers, and commerce generally gets in the way of idle chat.

2009, Ann Vanderhoof, “Curry Tabanca: Trinidad”, in The Spice Necklace: A Food-lover’s Caribbean Adventure, Toronto, Ont.: Doubleday Canada, →ISBN, page 190:

This thick sultry stew [callaloo] is simmered from okra, chili peppers, coconut milk, chadon bene, garlic, onion, crab, tubers (including dasheen, whose leaves, resembling a slightly bitter spinach, are also called callaloo), and sometimes various meats.

2010, “Eating and Drinking Well in Trinidad and Tobago”, in Douglas Stallings, Eric Wechter, editors, Fodor’s Trinidad & Tobago, New York, N.Y.: Fodor’s Travel, →ISBN:

Chinese Trinidadian Chicken with Mango Chutney […] [Winnie] Lee Lum finishes the dish with chopped shandon beni leaves, a local herb that tastes like cilantro.

2010, Grace Young, “Poultry and Egg Recipes”, in Stir Frying to the Sky’s Edge: The Ultimate Guide to Mastery with Authentic Recipes and Stories, New York, N.Y., London: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 116, column 1:

Shado beni is similar to cilantro but has a stronger flavor. Look for it in ethnic grocery stores that feature Hispanic or West Indian foods. If not found, it is not a problem—just substitute with cilantro (add a little extra cilantro if you want the stronger flavor you would have gotten with the shado beni).

2011, John Cavazos, Ann Marie Cavazos, “Main Courses and Cooked Sides”, in The Daniel Fast Made Delicious, Lake Mary, Fla.: Siloam, →ISBN, section I (Healthy Eating on the Daniel Fast), page 35:

Eryngium foetidum
Eryngium foetidum#Translingual

(Caribbean) Culantro (Eryngium foetidum), a tropical herb whose leaves are used medicinally and in Caribbean cuisine.


peewah

Borrowed from Trinidadian Creole English peewa, peewah, from Spanish pijguao (Latin America), possibly from Quechua [Term?]. The English word is cognate with Spanish pifá, pivá (Panama), pijuayo (Peru).

The Pewa or Peach palm (Guilielma speciosa) was introduced from Trinidad, and seedlings raised for distribution. The fruits when boiled in water with salt are appreciated as a food.

1910, Department of Agriculture, Legislative Council, Trinidad and Tobago, [Council Paper], Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago: Government Printer, →OCLC, page 16:

This Guilielma [the peach palm or pejibaye (Guilielma gasipaes)] is prized in Trinidad, as well as elsewhere, for its edible fruits; by the natives I have heard it called piliwa and piwa.

[1947 December 27, L[iberty] H[yde] Bailey, Indigenous Palms of Trinidad and Tobago (Gentes Herbarum: Occasional Papers on the Kinds of Plants), volume VII, fascicle IV, Ithaca, N.Y.: Bailey Hortorium of The New York State College of Agriculture, Cornell University, →OCLC, page 353:

Nonconventional sources with development potential include: [...] wild plants such as gru gru, pewa (peach nut), many weeds and, possibly, the seeds of seaside grapes, fat pork, etc.

1984, Jeffrey W. Dellimore, Judy A. Whitehead, Secondary Agrobased Industries: ECCM and Barbados (Caribbean Technology Policy Studies Project; 90), Mona, Jamaica: Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of the West Indies, →OCLC, page 79:

Bactris gasipaes
Bactris gasipaes#Translingual

A peach palm (Bactris gasipaes), a South American palm tree.


Japanese arrowroot

Pueraria montana var. lobata#Translingual


midnight horror

en-noun

midnight horror (countable and uncountable, plural midnight horrors)

Oroxylum indicum
Oroxylum indicum#Translingual


trumpet flower

Any of several species of flowering plants with trumpet-like flowers

Tecoma stans (yellow bells, yellow trumpet flower, yellow elder)


didymocarpoid

Any flowering plant of the genus Didymocarpus


crestmarine

From French christe-marine, influenced by crest, as if a reference to its coastal habitat.


cancer bush

From cancer (“disease”) + bush, probably a calque of Afrikaans kankerbos. Named after one of its uses in folk medicine.

A legume native to Southern Africa that grows red flowers and bloated pods, often used in folk medicine; Lessertia frutescens (formerly Sutherlandia frutescens).


romerillo

Any of several plants found in Latin America, often with foliage resembling rosemary leaves.

Podocarpus spp. (plum pines, yellowwoods), including

Podocarpus glomeratus, of equatorial montane rainforests of South America.

Suaeda nigra (bush seepweed, Mojave sea-blite)


snake bean

Bobgunnia madagascariensis, a poisonous legume found in Africa.

Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis#Translingual

Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis, a widely cultivated edible legume.


European holly

Ilex aquifolium
Ilex aquifolium#Translingual

Ilex aquifolium, a species of holly known for its use during Christmastime


summer savory

Satureja hortensis
Satureja hortensis#Translingual


rose myrtle

rose myrtle (countable and uncountable, plural rose myrtles)

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa#Translingual

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, native to much of tropical and humid subtropical Asia, invasive elsewhere.


common foxglove

common foxglove (countable and uncountable, plural common foxgloves)

Digitalis purpurea
Digitalis purpurea#Translingual


sweet marjoram

Origanum majorana
Origanum majorana#Translingual

Origanum majorana, a fragrant species of marjoram.


agastache

Coined by John Clayton from Ancient Greek ἄγαν (ágan, “very much”) + Ancient Greek στάχυς (stákhus, “ear of grain”)

der

A plant of genus Agastache, a giant hyssop.


houndsberry

From hound + -s- + berry. Compare Middle English houndesberye.


burnet saxifrage

The plant's leaves resemble those of a burnet, and it has a diuretic effect similar to saxifrage; however, it is neither a burnet nor a saxifrage.

Pimpinella saxifraga
Pimpinella saxifraga#Translingual

Pimpinella saxifraga, a plant of the family Apiaceae.


American lotus

en-noun

American lotus (plural American lotuses)

Nelumbo lutea
Nelumbo lutea#Translingual

An aquatic plant of species Nelumbo lutea, found from Minnesota and Oklahoma to islands if the Caribbean.


welcome-home-husband-though-never-so-drunk (plural not attested)


sweet acacia

sweet acacia (countable and uncountable, plural sweet acacias)

Acacia suaveolens (sweet wattle), a shrub endemic to Australia.


red birch

Betula occidentalis, a birch tree native to North America, with dark reddish-brown bark.


pome-citron

Citrus medica
Citrus medica#Translingual

(obsolete) The citron (fruit of Citrus medica).


coralwood

Guibourtia spp., native to Africa and South America, source of a high-quality timber.


hippurid

A plant of the former tribe Hippurideae, now considered to be part of the Callitricheae; a mare's tail.


chikoo

Regarding seasons of other fruits in Bombay it is seen that oranges, mosambis and chikoos are available almost throughout the year, the peak period of chikoos being December and January.

1968, Marketing of Bananas in the State of Maharashtra, →OCLC, page 38:

The chikoo grafts which were prepared here were of "Kalipatti Variety". This variety was of very good quality and one of the best in the country.

1996, Jayant Patil, Agricultural and Rural Reconstruction: A Sustainable Approach:

(India) Synonym of sapodilla (tree and fruit)


western redbud

western redbud (usually uncountable, plural western redbuds)

A large shrub or small tree of the western US, Cercis occidentalis, sometimes grown for its bright pink or magenta spring flowers and formerly used by the Indians to make baskets.


thorn tree

From Middle English thornetre; equivalent to thorn + tree.

They then came together to hear the preaching of the Gospel; but I postponed it till the evening, because I was then exceedingly wearied. The captain shewed me a large old thorn tree for a lodging.

1811, “Visit to the Great Namaquas”, in The Missionary Herald at Home and Abroad, volume 6, page 466:

Thirty feet below her, where the Persians were crashing through the brush, the streambed kinked to the left side of the ravine and ran under an enormous thorn tree with a thick base.

2007 April 1, Thomas Harlan, The Shadow of Ararat: Book One of 'The Oath of Empire', page 294:

I WOULD HAVE been nine or ten when my mother chased me up a thorn tree with a ceremonial hippo-hide whip. What my crime was, I forget. My mother was, and remains, a woman of exceptional forbearance. I must have done something so obnoxious as to beggar belief.

2010 August 3, David Bennun, Tick Bite Fever, Random House, page 109:

Any tree with thorn-like leaves, especially the acacia.


turpentine tree

turpentine tree (plural turpentine trees)

Pistacia terebinthus
Pistacia terebinthus#Translingual

A terebinth or Cyprus turpentine (Pistacia terebinthus), source of Cyprian turpentine.

Australian turpentine tree

syn. Tristania conferta; Syncarpia laurifolia

brush turpentine

Choricarpia leptopetala, Rhodamnia rubescens

turpentine weed (Gutierrezia sarothrae, Silphium perfoliatum, Silphium terebinthinaceum, Trichostema lanceolatum, Trichostema laxum

The Pajero sped past small clearings in the scrub floored by white earth […], overarched by the skinny limbs of twisted turpentine trees that might have been the desiccated remains of the dwelling houses of a species long vanished from this earth.

2002, Alex Miller, Journey to the Stone Country, Allen & Unwin, published 2003, page 269:

(Australia) Any of various trees of the genus Syncarpia known for their aromatic or flammable resin or leaves, especially Syncarpia glomulifera of eastern New South Wales and Queensland.

(Australia) Gardenia pyriformis (malara, native gardenia), native to northern Australia.

(Virgin Islands) Bursera simaruba (West Indian birch), native to the tropical and subtropical Americas.

mango bark, scrub turpentine, carrot wood, parsnip wood, Melville Island white beech

(Australia) Canarium australianum (brown cudgeree) (in family Burseraceae), native to Australia and Papua New Guinea.


poisonvetch

Any of various poisonous plants of the genus Astragalus.


urunday

... mantling the slopes are other still denser forests, where the Pacara (Enterolobium timbavica), Lapacho (Tecoma stans), Quina-Quina (Myroxilon peruanum), urunday (allied to the Lapacho) Quefioa (Rosacea Polylepis racemosa), Cascaron ...

1881, Ernest William White, Cameos from the Silver-land: Or, The Experiences of a Young Naturalist in the Argentine Republic, London: J. Van Voorst, page 44:

Growing with or near the sebil, we find the two cedars, the white and the pink; the lapaccio, that we have remarked likewise in the sub-zone of the urunday, the walnut, the laurel, the tatane, the pacara, the mulberry, the tipa, the male oak,...

1886, Juan Pelleschi, Eight Months on the Gran Chaco of the Argentine Republic, London: S. Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, page 247:

The Wax Palm, Copemica cert/era, is wide-spread, and the Pacara, a huge Mimosa, is described as a tree of great size and beauty, yielding a fruit containing a large percentage of Saponine. Other useful trees in the Gran Chaco are urunday, ...

1904, Journal of the African Society, page 419:

The exploitation of urunday and the production of extract is a very much more recent development than the production of ...

1953, Frank Norman Howes, Vegetable tanning materials:

In the distance there were more paraiso trees, as well as palms, cedars, urundays, and quebrachos. With the sun shining directly down on them, they looked almost black. Apart from his companions, there was no one in sight.

1998, Philip Trower, A Danger to the State: A Historical Novel, Ignatius Press, →ISBN:

A tree, Myracrodruon balansae (syn. Astronium balansae).


sugar snap pea

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-sugar snap pea.wav


chia seed

An edible seed of Salvia hispanica, a flowering plant in the mint family native to Central America, or of the related Salvia columbariae of southwestern United States and Mexico.


herb of grace

Ruta graveolens
Ruta graveolens#Translingual


roadweed

roadweed (usually uncountable, plural roadweeds)

From road + weed, since it often grows along roadsides.

Plantago major
Plantago major#Translingual

The plant Plantago major, the greater plantain.


rock samphire

rock samphire (countable and uncountable, plural rock samphires)

Crithmum maritimum
Crithmum maritimum#Translingual

Crithmum maritimum (sea fennel), native to temperate seacoasts of Europe.


Japanese cypress

Japanese cypress (countable and uncountable, plural Japanese cypresses)

Chamaecyparis obtusa
Chamaecyparis obtusa#Translingual


sacred lotus

Nelumbo nucifera
Nelumbo nucifera#Translingual

Nelumbo nucifera, native in temperate and subtropical Asia, from India to Japan.


water pimpernel

water pimpernel (plural water pimpernels)


split pea

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-split pea.wav

Pisum sativum
Pisum sativum#Translingual

(botany, cooking) An agricultural or culinary preparation consisting of the dried, peeled, and split seeds of Pisum sativum, the pea.

poolikud herned

dried, peeled, and split seeds of the pea


lemon myrtle

lemon myrtle (usually uncountable, plural lemon myrtles)

An Australian shrub or small tree of species Backhousia citriodora, used for the strong lemon fragrance and flavor of its leaves.


Brazilian pepper tree

Brazilian pepper tree (usually uncountable, plural Brazilian pepper trees)

A South American tree, Schinus terebinthifolia, grown for its attractive glossy evergreen leaves and red fruits, but also extremely invasive in tropical and subtropical regions.


California pepper tree

California pepper tree (usually uncountable, plural California pepper trees)

From California + pepper tree: Thought of as a California tree due to having been grown there for centuries, even though it isn't native.

Schinus molle
Schinus molle#Translingual

(US) A South American tree (Schinus molle) grown for its attractive weeping habit and colorful fruits, which are used as a spice called pink peppercorns.


pink peppercorn

pink peppercorn (plural pink peppercorns)

From the color and resemblance to pepper. (They are not true peppercorns.)

The fruit of Schinus molle (and occasionally Schinus terebinthifolia), which is used as a spice similar to pepper.