tuckeroo

Two canopy-forming trees, Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides), and Coast Banksia (Banksia integrifolia var. integrifolia), are typical of these latter rainforests.

1993, Geoff Williams, Terry Evans, Hidden Rainforests: Subtropical Rainforests and Their Invertebrate Diversity, page 60:

You can sit in the shade of the tuckeroo tree.

2008, Ryan Ver Berkmoes, East Coast Australia, page 267:

A flowering tree, Cupaniopsis anacardioides, native to northern and eastern Australia.


meranti

Homeowners can also use cedar, at $1.50 to $3 or more per foot, or exotic hardwoods like meranti from Southeast Asia or ipê from Brazil at about $3 a foot.

2007 August 19, Jay Romano, “Decks: Real Wood or a Look-Alike?”, in New York Times:

The timber of any of various trees of the genus Shorea.

meranti

the timber of any of various trees of the genus Shorea


callicarpa

There were callicarpas full of pale lavender berries, which would turn purple in the fall; viburnums and shrub dogwoods; and lacy elderberries juxtaposed against dense evergreens or the large, floppy leaves of an oakleaf hydrangea.

2007 August 30, Anne Raver, “Vistas and Close-Ups, Staged by a Filmmaker”, in New York Times:

Any of the genus Callicarpa of shrubs and small trees, the beautyberries.


Indian apple

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Indian apple.wav

Punica granatum
Punica granatum#Translingual

Podophyllum peltatum
Podophyllum peltatum#Translingual

Podophyllum peltatum (mayapple), a toxic, herbaceous perennial plant with edible fruit.

Datura inoxia
Datura inoxia#Translingual

Datura inoxia (angel's trumpet), a hallucinogenic plant.


wood apple

Aegle marmelos
Aegle marmelos#Translingual

Bael (Aegle marmelos), a tree native to India.

Limonia acidissima
Limonia acidissima#Translingual

Limonia acidissima, a tree of Southeast Asia.


yellowwood

en-noun

yellowwood (countable and uncountable, plural yellowwoods)


nepitella

And though he has not started shaving white truffles over his food as yet because the season is just beginning, Mr. Trabocchi is indulging in more than a few high-end ingredients, including sea urchin, Kobe beef and nepitella, a wild Italian mintlike herb that he uses in savories and a dessert.

2007 September 26, Florence Fabricant, “A Chef to Watch Finds a New York Niche”, in New York Times:

A herb, Clinopodium nepeta, lesser calamint.


kidney vetch

A medicinal plant, of species Anthyllis vulneraria, in the pea family.

woundwort

used for not closely related flowers in the mint family


robinia

The remarkable feature of the woody planting at Buttes-Chaumont is the ‘profuse use’ of silver-leafed cedars, yellow-leafed robinias and copper-leafed beech trees.

2001, Alan Tate, “Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, Paris”, in Great City Parks, London, New York, N.Y.: Spon Press, published 2003, →ISBN, page 54, columns 1–2:

(botany) Any member of the genus Robinia.


chinar

From Hindustani चिनार / چنار (cinar), from Classical Persian چنار (činār, “Platanus”).

der

The chinar, or Oriental plane tree, has been cultivated in Persia from the earliest period; and Evelyn states that "a worthy knight, who staid at Ispahan when that famous city was infected with a raging pestilence, told" him "that, since they have planted a greater number of these noble treees about it, the plague has not come nigh their dwellings."

1854, John Claudius Loudon, Arboretum Et Fruticetum Britannicum:

The lakes, the gardens, the chinars golden in autumn, the Himalayas all around.

2007 October 26, Holland Cotter, “Treasures From a Land in Tumult”, in New York Times:

I too felt that the government has not made judicious use of its powers to curb the felling of chinars.

2011, Environment Chronicles: the best of TerraGreen, page 57:

Platanus orientalis
Platanus orientalis#Translingual

The tree Platanus orientalis, the oriental plane.


oriental plane

The former species is known as the Oriental Plane (Platanus Orientalis), and the latter as the Occidental Plane (Platanus Occidentalis). The Oriental Plane was introduced into England about the middle of the sixteenth century.

1842, Charles Knight, “The Plane Tree”, in Knight's Penny Magazine, volume 11, page 97:

Although Platanus orientalis L., the true oriental plane, is stated on excellent authority to be hardy as far north as Massachusetts, the records of its being planted in our vicinity are surprisingly few.

1937, Journal of the New York Botanical Garden, volume 38, page 62:

The oriental plane, Platanus orientalis, grew in gardens and around tombs in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Persia.

2010, Diana Wells, Lives of the Trees: An Uncommon History, page 312:

Platanus orientalis, a deciduous tree known for its longevity and spreading crown.


sophora

Then Dr. Day allowed herself to become distracted by a tree on the other side of 83rd Street, a sophora tree.

2007 October 28, Ellen Pall, “Meet the Neighbors”, in New York Times:

Any of the genus Sophora of small trees and shrubs related to the pea.


hen and chicks

Succulent plants with smaller buds on the outside which later produce their own roots, of family Crassulaceae:

especially, Sempervivum (houseleeks, syn. Jovibarba) spp.

Other plants of genera Echeveria, Sedum, and Bergenia.


good morrow

/ɡʊd ˈmɒɹəʊ/

From Middle English good morow, good morwe.

Among the plants and shrubs that I saw, and could form any knowledge of, were the sisban, or large thorny sensitive plant, sometimes called the good-morrow, these are abundant among the underwoods.

1797, Joseph Hawkins of New York, A history of a voyage to the coast of Africa: and travels into the interior of that country, [A book https://www.jstor.org/stable/3172055] questioned to be a hoax, first Edition in Philadelphia page 133 and two editions in Troy by Luther Pratt page 133:


guggul

Commiphora wightii, a flowering plant most common in northern India, with thin papery bark and thorny branches.


guggulipid

en-noun

guggulipid (usually uncountable, plural guggulipids)

An extract of resinous sap of guggul, whose active ingredient is guggulsterone.


apple mint

apple mint (countable and uncountable, plural apple mints)

Any herb with aroma or taste reminiscent of apple and mint, used for flavoring, herbal teas, and jellies.


fustet

fustet (countable and uncountable, plural fustets)

Cotinus coggygria
Cotinus coggygria#Translingual

(countable) A smoke tree (Cotinus coggygria).


corkwood

Any of numerous plants with bark or wood resembling cork, of diverse orders:

Annona glabra, a plant found in the West Indies.

Leitneria floridana, a species found in southeastern North America.


southern beech

southern beech (plural southern beeches)

Any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Nothofagus native to South America and Australasia.


nelumbo

Although almost all nelumbos are rated hardy to zone 5, or according to some optimists, zone 4, that rating assumes enough water and soil to protect the tubers from freezing.

2007 December 27, Leslie Land, “Garden Q.&A.”, in New York Times:

Any of the genus Nelumbo of aquatic plants with large, showy flowers resembling water lilies, the lotuses.


metasequoia

/ˌmɛtəsəˈkɔɪə/

Instead of fantasy landscapes forced into bloom, a trade show has the energy of an international marketplace, where growers discuss the fine points of their new favorites — plants like Citronelle, a lime-green heuchera that can stand up to heat and humidity; or new hibiscuses like Plum Crazy and Copper King, which tolerate dry soil and are hardy to 30 below zero; or the rarest of plants, like a bonsai metasequoia, also known as dawn redwood, which grows only three inches a year, making it perfect for a pot on your patio.

2008 January 24, Anne Raver, “What the Nurseries Like for Spring”, in New York Times:

Metasequoia, the dawn redwood, a fast-growing deciduous conifer native to China.


clethra

Be warned that heights are more fixed than widths; clethra spreads slowly but indefinitely unless it is restrained.

2008 February 21, Leslie Land, “Don’t Bake the Clethra”, in New York Times:

Any of the genus Clethra of flowering shrubs or small trees bearing flowers in clusters.


oheloberry

From Hawaiian, from the plant's name ʻŌhelo ʻai, and berry.

The berry of Vaccinium reticulatum, native to Hawaii, similar in taste to the cranberry.


kalanchoe

NOW that spring is near, I’ve been repotting dozens of houseplants — begonias, aloes and oxalis — and have started to make cuttings of others, like geraniums, aeoniums and kalanchoes.

2008 February 21, Anne Raver, “Repotting for Spring, Mixing in Some Memories”, in New York Times:

Any of the genus Kalanchoe of tropical, succulent flowering plants.


sweet pepperbush

sweet pepperbush (usually uncountable, plural sweet pepperbushes)

Clethra alnifolia
Clethra alnifolia#Translingual

Clethra alnifolia, a deciduous flowering shrub of eastern North America.


summersweet

summersweet (usually uncountable, plural summersweets)


holy basil

holy basil (countable and uncountable, plural holy basils)

Ocimum tenuiflorum
Ocimum tenuiflorum#Translingual

Ocimum tenuiflorum, an aromatic plant cultivated for religious, medicinal, and culinary purposes and for its essential oil.


buttonbush

Any of the genus Cephalanthus of flowering plants in the madder family.

The buttonbush shrub, which has little white flowers, feeds 18 species of butterflies and moths; and blueberry bushes, which support 288 species of moths and butterflies, thrive in big pots on a terrace.

2008 March 6, Anne Raver, “To Feed the Birds, First Feed the Bugs”, in New York Times:

Common buttonbush
common buttonbush#English

(US) Common buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis)

Any of the genus Conocarpus of two species of tropical flowering plants; a mangrove.


oyamel

Forests of oyamel fir trees in Michoacán and Mexico States have for thousands of years been a winter haven for the resplendent orange and black butterflies, the most famous “charismatic megafauna” of the insect world, said Lincoln P. Brower, a professor emeritus of biology at Sweet Briar College in Virginia, who has studied the butterflies and their shrinking winter habitat for decades.

2008 March 7, Andrew C. Revkin, “Loggers Invaded Butterfly Haven, Photos Show”, in New York Times:

Abies religiosa
Abies religiosa#Translingual

Abies religiosa, the sacred fir, an evergreen coniferous tree of South America with needle-like leaves.


jichimu

He has a set of four faux-bamboo drum stools made of jichimu, a Chinese hardwood.

2008 March 14, Wendy Moonan, “Rare Works by Eminent Britons”, in New York Times:

A Chinese hardwood with a grain that resembles a bird's feathers.


taxodone

Taxodium distichum
Taxodium distichum#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A diterpenoid found in Taxodium distichum (bald cypress), among others, that exhibits anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, insecticide, and antifeedant properties.


leucothoe

For those customers she recommends shrubs, especially broad-leaved evergreens like skimmia, aucuba, and variegated leucothoe.

2008 April 4, Stephen Orr, “When a Garden Is a Weekend Affair”, in New York Times:

Any of the genus Leucothoe of flowering plants.


skimmia

Any of the genus Skimmia of evergreen shrubs and trees.


bristlecone

A bristlecone pine, of subsection Pinus subsect. Balfourianae.


arbutean

(obsolete) Made from arbute, the wood of the strawberry tree.


bacopa

Decaying brains, or the fear thereof, have inspired a mini-industry of brain health products — not just supplements like coenzyme Q10, ginseng and bacopa, but computer-based fitter-brain products as well.

2008 May 3, Katie Hafner, “Exercise Your Brain, or Else You’ll ... Uh ...”, in New York Times:

(botany) Any of the genus Bacopa of aquatic plants, the water hyssops.


padauk

padauk (usually uncountable, plural padauks)

Any of the trees of the pantropical genus Pterocarpus.


langsat

He describes one variety of the stinking durian fruit as tasting like “undercooked peanut butter-mint omelets in body-odor sauce”; langsats are “tangy-sweet detonations of citric perfection”; biting into a monkey tamarind is “like eating cloud.”

2008 June 1, Mary Roach, “Beyond Harry & David”, in New York Times:

He always had a good time, and always would come home with a bunch of bananas or a basket of langsat and durian fruit, which would definitely make Mamek happy, as well as his mother and father.

2015, Eka Kurniawan, translated by Labodalih Sembiring, Man Tiger, Verso, page 39:

Lansium domesticum
Lansium domesticum#Translingual

A small, whitish-brown fruit of Southeast Asia, from the tree Lansium domesticum, with fleshy pulp and subacid taste.


prickly oak

Quercus coccifera
Quercus coccifera#Translingual

An oak, Quercus coccifera, native to the western Mediterranean region and growing 1-6 meters tall.


pedunculate oak

pedunculate oak (plural pedunculate oaks)

Quercus robur
Quercus robur#Translingual


zanthoxylum

Any of the genus Zanthoxylum of deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs in the citrus or rue family.


yaw-weed

A low, shrubby, rubiaceous plant with white flowers in the genus Morinda, found along the seacoast of the West Indies.


yoncopin

[…] she was as the wild yoncopin to the calla lily. Marjie knew how to dress. To-day, shaded by the buggy-top, in her dainty light blue lawn, with the soft pink of her cheeks and her clear white brow and throat, she was a most delicious thing […]

1910, Margaret Hill McCarter, The Price of the Prairie:

Nelumbo lutea
Nelumbo lutea#Translingual

(US, Mississippi, dialect) Nelumbo lutea, the American lotus, the water chinkapin.


zauschneria

From Zauschneria, name of a former genus into which it was placed.

Epilobium canum, a North American willowherb.


Chinese hawthorn

Chinese hawthorn (plural Chinese hawthorns)

Crataegus pinnatifida
Crataegus pinnatifida#Translingual

Crataegus pinnatifida, a species of shrub that produces a medicinal herb used in Chinese traditional medicine.


rangpur

Citrus limon (syn. Citrus × limonia), a citrus fruit which is a hybrid between the mandarin orange and the lemon.


lemandarin

Citrus × limonia, a citrus fruit which is a hybrid between the mandarin orange and the lemon.


butter pear

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-butter pear.wav

(avocado): From its pear-like shape and buttery texture.

A juicy, delicate-textured French variety of pear.

bera

a juicy, delicate-textured French variety of pear


yampah

At this place I became first acquainted with the yampah (anethum graveolens,) which I found our Snake woman engaged in digging in the low timbered bottom of the creek.

1845, J[ohn] C[harles] Frémont, Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the Year 1842, and to Oregon and North California in the Years 1843-’44, Washington: Gales and Seaton, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 124:

Any of the genus Perideridia of plants in the parsley family, native to western North America, with umbels of white flowers, especially Perideridia gairdneri, which has an edible root.


squinancywort

Asperula cynanchica, a perennial plant with small pink or white flowers, formerly used as a medicinal herb against quinsy.


quinquina

quinquina (countable and uncountable, plural quinquinas)

From New Latin quinquina, variant of cinchona.

(archaic) Synonym of cinchona in all its senses.


Peruvian bark

From the origin of cinchonaceous trees in the forests of Peru.

[H]e will soon begin to like & wish for this refreshment, & will with the use of Peruvian Bark & Steel, regain his Tranquillity of Mind & Body.

1789 January 17, Hester Thrale Piozzi, Thraliana:

(now chiefly historical) Cinchona bark, chiefly as used in medicine.


kafal

Balsamodendron kafal (Kafal tree)[…] This tree is also a native of Arabia, where it attains to the height of twenty feet. It is there called kafal.

1835, Philip Miller, The Gardener's Dictionary, page 582:

Either of two trees of the genus Commiphora, which yield a gum resin and a red aromatic wood.


kafal

gardens with trees laden with pomegranate and cucumbers, the forests yield crimson ‘Kafal’ and violet Kilmora berries just for the picking

1994, Gumānī Panta, translated by Cārucandra Pānḍe, Says Gumani (poem):

I saw a girl swiftly climbing a tree to pluck kafals. Three women standing beneath were gathering fruits in baskets made of bamboo.

2015, Chandra Prakash Kala, Nanda's Neelkanth, page 53:

Bayberry, the fruit of Myrica esculenta, a tree or large shrub native to Nepal.


shagbark

Trees such as the pin oak, the shagbark hickory, the linden, and the sugar maple are the arboreal equivalent of the high school student council.

1990 January 19, James Krohe Jr., “Green Streets”, in Chicago Reader:

They thought he was strong, tough, and resilient--just like the wood of the shagbark hickory tree, which is used to make athletic equipment today.

1997 November 28, Cara Jepsen, “Days of the Week”, in Chicago Reader:

The face of the country is exceedingly beautiful, the soil fertile, and bearing oaks and shagbark hickory.

1851, Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, Personal Memoirs Of A Residence Of Thirty Years With The Indian Tribes On The American Frontiers:

A North-American hickory (Carya ovata) that has shaggy bark in mature trees; shagbark hickory


shagbark hickory

shagbark hickory (plural shagbark hickories)

A common hickory found in the eastern USA and in southern Canada, Carya ovata


sapan

sapan (usually uncountable, plural sapans)

Biancaea sappan
Biancaea sappan#Translingual

Caesalpinia sappan
Caesalpinia sappan#Translingual

Wood of a timber tree of species Biancaea sappan (syn. Caesalpinia sappan) that also produces a red dye.


podocarpus

Indoor bonsai — tropical and subtropical plants like ficus, Ming aralia, podocarpus and dwarf jade — are easier to care for and will thrive inside.

2009 February 26, Stephen Orr, “Not All Trees Are Cut Out to Be Bonsai”, in New York Times:

“Fern Pine (Podocarpus Gracilior)”, in Budget Plants - Data Sheet & More Info, (Can we date this quote?)

Any of the genus Podocarpus of podocarp conifers.


jargonelle

/dʒɑːɡəˈnɛl/

From French jargonelle, diminutive of jargon.

A jargonell pear-tree at one end of the cottage, a rivulet, and flower-plot of a rood in extent, in front, and a kitchen-garden behind; […] announced the warm and cordial comforts which Old England, even at her most northern extremity, extends to her meanest inhabitants.

1817 December 31 (indicated as 1818), [Walter Scott], chapter V, in Rob Roy. […], volume II, Edinburgh: […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co. […]; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC, page 92:

She craves for fruit,—she has a constant fever on her; but jargonelle pears will do as well as anything, and there are quantities of them in the market.

1855, Elizabeth Gaskell, chapter 27, in North and South:


yellowhorn

If you must have something exotic, though, consider two non-native trees: the Japanese snowbell and the yellowhorn from China.

2009 March 26, Stephen Orr, “Alternatives to the Usual”, in New York Times:

Xanthoceras sorbifolium, the Chinese flowering chestnut.


astrantia

To counter the heft of such big leaves, add dainty flowering plants like Yellow Waxbells (Kirengeshoma palmata) or the underused astrantia in red or maroon.

2009 May 14, Stephen Orr, “Plants That Like to Get Their Feet Wet”, in New York Times:

Any of the genus Astrantia of herbaceous plants.


fatwood

fatwood (countable and uncountable, plural fatwoods)

He stacked split pieces of well-seasoned, thoroughly dry oak, and started a fire using some newspaper and fatwood, a resinous pinewood that flames easily.

2009 May 20, Oliver Schwaner-Albright, “Grilling Over Wood as a Sweaty, Smoky Sport”, in New York Times:

A heartwood of pine trees, impregnated with resin, useful in the manufacture of pitch and pine tar.


rubiaceous

Of or pertaining to the large and diverse family of flowering plants known as Rubiaceae.


penstemon

Simpleton, life should really be a piece of Entenmann's / Relationships strengthening, flower essence: penstemon

2004, “Guinnesses”, in Mm..Food, performed by MF Doom ft. Angelika & 4-IZE:

Stalks of salvias and mint, artemisia and penstemon.

2009 June 12, Dwight Garner, “Living Off the Land, Surrounded by Asphalt”, in New York Times:

(botany) Any plant of the genus Penstemon, the beardtongues.


orl

Metathetic variant of olr, itself a variant of alr, itself a contraction of aller, itself a form of alder closer to the original Old English form of alor, aler (the d was a phonetic addition in Middle English); compare the English oryelle, as well as the Old High German erila, the Middle High German erle, and the Modern German Erle.


kawaka

(New Zealand) A New Zealand tree, Libocedrus plumosa.


pahautea

(New Zealand) A New Zealand tree, Libocedrus bidwillii.


jambolana

Syzygium cumini
Syzygium cumini#Translingual

Syzygium cumini, a myrtaceous tree of the West Indies and tropical America with astringent bark and edible fruit.


eggfruit

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-eggfruit.wav

From egg + fruit. The texture of these fruits has been likened to hard-boiled egg yolk.

“I’m pumped!” he exclaimed, having just been told that a new graft will increase the size of his cherimoyas, and that he can easily hand pollinate his underproducing eggfruits.

2009 June 28, John Anderson, “His Weird Side: That’s Where the Fun Is”, in New York Times:


pitomba

Talisia esculenta, a South American tree.

Lucretia had made it a point not to eat anything she hadn't tasted first in Louisiana, believing she could be poisoned by the unfamiliar milky goiabas, pungent jambos, prickly graviolas, or acidy pitombas.

The sweetish-sour brown-skinned fruit of Talisia esculenta.

Eugenia luschnathiana, an evergreen shrub of Brazil.

The globose orange-yellow berry of Eugenia luschnathiana.


sapote

Borrowed from Spanish zapote, from a Nahuan language, from Proto-Nahuan *ȼapotl. Doublet of chapote.

The soft, edible fruit of various South American trees, including the sapodilla.

Casimiroa edulis, white sapote, native to northern and central Mexico, Costa Rica, El Salvador and Guatemala.


lablab

Any of the twining leguminous plants related to the bean, especially the hyacinth bean.


taxodium

It was a bright July morning, and she was showing off her garden, a “Through the Looking Glass” landscape of taxodium, cryptomeria and juniper, alliums, corkscrew grass and ostrich ferns[…]

2009 July 16, Penelope Green, “Feathering Her Nest”, in New York Times:

Any of the genus Taxodium of flood-tolerant conifers in the cypress family.


angelonia

The batwings, full of tulips in May, are now abloom with cosmos, angelonia and lantana.

2009 August 13, Anne Raver, “A Tapestry of Color, Unfolding All Year”, in New York Times:

Any of the genus Angelonia of South American flowering plants.

angelônia

any of the genus Angelonia of South American flowering plants


honeybush

List of plants known as honeybush
honeybush

From honey + bush; for the South African plant a calque from Afrikaans heuningbos (heuning + bos). Compare English borrowing from Afrikaans rooibos.

Any of several not closely related shrubs that have features reminiscent of honey, of species:

Cuttsia viburnea (native elderberry), of rainforests in New South Wales and Queensland in Australia.


beech snap

Fagus grandifolia
Fagus grandifolia#Translingual

(forestry) The breakage in wind at a height of about 5 meters of the trunk of a mature beech tree (Fagus grandifolia) weakened by disease, such as beech bark disease.


Jacob's ladder

Hetty could have cast all her past life behind her and never cared to be reminded of it again. I think she had no feeling at all towards the old house, and did not like the Jacob's Ladder and the long row of hollyhocks in the garden better than other flowers—perhaps not so well.

1859, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], chapter XV, in Adam Bede […], volume I, Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, →OCLC, book first:

Jacob’s Ladder doubtless receives its name from the ladder-like leaves. The flowers are delicately blue with white tubes and are clustered on graceful stems a foot tall or less. They may be found in spruce forests on the mountains at 8000-14000 ft. and bloom in summer, often so abundantly as to form a blue carpet on the forest floor.

1926, Edith S. Clements, Flowers of Mountain and Plain, 3rd edition, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company:

A flowering plant of the genus Polemonium.

And this is one of the signs by which you can tell a man-of-war from a merchantman, for in war-ships the catch ratline is on the aftermost shroud instead of on the foremost. In a man-of-war, too, the topgallant-rigging is never rattled down, as a Jacob's ladder leads from the topgallantmast-head down to the crosstrees; but this Jacob's ladder arrangement is found in many clippers.

1891 November 28, W. J. Gordon, “Rigging and Rigs”, in Golden Days for Boys and Girls, volume XIII, number 1:

(nautical) A rope ladder from the ratline to the upper mast.

A toy consisting of blocks of wood, held together by strings or ribbons, that appear to cascade downward as they flip over.

Coordinate term: balisong

A pocketknife consisting of two handle segments joined by a pivot, with a blade connected by a second pivot to the end of one handle segment.

Jacob’s Ladder displays are sometimes found in science museums and centers. In demonstrations, an electric spark jumps between two parallel wires when electrons fed into one of the wires repel each other, heating up the surrounding air so the spark rises with the hot air before dying at the top of the wires.

2016 April 20, “Teen kills himself trying YouTube science experiment”, in New York Post:

A high-voltage electrical device, often used as a visual effect in old movies, which has a pair of vertical electrodes that form an arc between them starting at the bottom, rising to the top, then repeating.


Jupiter's staff

Verbascum thapsus
Verbascum thapsus#Translingual


juniperin

The unusually bitter taste of aqueous juniperin solutions is not in accord with a mixture of only sugars and tannin.

1940, Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, volume 29:

(organic chemistry) A substance extracted from juniper berries.


dangleberry

[ˈdæŋɡəɫˌbɛɹi]

An ericaceous flowering plant in the genus Gaylussacia.


rubywood

(archaic) red sandalwood, Pterocarpus santalinus


nondo

A coarse umbelliferous North American plant in the genus Ligusticum, with a large aromatic root.


grass of Parnassus

Bog star, any of the genus Parnassia of plants.


darlingtonia

Any of the genus Darlingtonia of California pitcher plants.


agalloch

From Ancient Greek ἀγάλοχον (agálokhon).

Aquilaria malaccensis
Aquilaria malaccensis#Translingual

The soft, aromatic, resinous wood of Aquilaria malaccensis (formerly Aquilaria agallocha).


finochie

The Finochi, or Finochio of the Italians, and which, from a literal Termination generally put to Engliſh Words, I call Finochie, is a Kind of Fennel; which when tied up, and blanched a little, is one of the wholſomeſt Aromaticks that any Body can eat, (but is withal a little two ſtrong for ſome Palates,) yet is in great Requeſt amongſt Valetudinarians, or thoſe who endeavour after Health and long Life.
[…]

1733, Practical Huſbandman and Planter, volume 1, pages 139 and 185

Once a Week, or Fortnight, or thereabout, alſo ought the Gardener to be putting in a few Finochie-Seeds; and to be tranſplanting out thoſe Cauliflore, Brocaulie, Borecaule, and Savoy Plants, with which the Tables of the Curious are to be furniſh’d between Michaelmas and Chriſtmas.

Fennel is a good deal used, in continental Europe, in soups, fish-sauces, garnishes, and salads. It is also considerably used in England, but less with us. The Italians blanch and eat the stalks of one variety called Finochie, like celery.

1868, William Nathaniel White, J. Van Buren, James Camak, Gardening for the South, page 328:


crosswort

Lysimachia quadrifolia, a herbaceous plant of North America.


joewood

Jacquinia keyensis, a perennial West Indian tree.


blolly

Guapira obtusata, a shrub or small tree of southern Florida and the West Indies, with smooth oval leaves and a hard, ten-ribbed fruit.


hackmatack

Believed to derive from Abenaki, though no specific etymon has been found. The term is first attested in the 1760s–90s, when it was spelled hakmantak and referred to dense forest.
In European languages there was contamination between tacamahac, from Nahuatl, and various Algonquian words containing the final Proto-Algonquian *-a·xkw- (“hardwood or deciduous tree”), including the sources of tamarack and hackmatack, as was already recognized by Chamberlain 1902. This makes the precise Algonquian words involved difficult to recover. Compare the late 19th century German Low German term Hackemtackem (“tacamahac (medicinal resin)”).

der

A balsam poplar, a tree of the species Populus balsamifera.


roselle

en-noun

roselle (countable and uncountable, plural roselles)

Uncertain. Perhaps an alteration or misapprehension of French oseille denoting this plant, specific use of oseille sorrel; perhaps compare also sorrel.

I planted some roselle in the garden so I can start making my own hibiscus tea instead of relying on processed agua de jaimaica powders.

Roselle has also been used as a source of plant fiber called roselle hemp.

1993, Y.P.S. Bajaj, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants V, page 218:

Hibiscus sabdariffa
Hibiscus sabdariffa#Translingual

Hibiscus sabdariffa, an edible flower in the hibiscus family used to make hibiscus tea.

Arthur Coke Burnell
Henry Yule
Hobson-Jobson
John Murray (publishing house)
William Crooke


agua de jamaica

agua de jamaica (plural agua de jamaicas)

From Spanish agua de jamaica, literally "water of roselle".

Our study in California among low-income immigrants from Mexico and first-generation Mexican Americans showed that 68 ... Tacos (-11%) "Agua de Jamaica" (-40%) "Fideos" (-22%) Meat/Vegetables (-10%) "Atole" (-40%) "Chilaquiles" (-21%)

1994. Nicolás Kanellos, Claudio Esteva Fabregat, Thomas Weaver, "Handbook of Hispanic Cultures in the United States: Anthropology: Volume 4", Page 346

agua de Jamaica is a popular drink made by steeping the red flower of the Jamaica plant in warm ^H water and then serving it chilled

while agua de jamaica is made with dried hibiscus leaves.

2010. John Noble, Kate Armstrong, Greg Benchwick, "Lonely Planet Mexico", Page 83

flavoured cold drinks, of which the most common are horchata (rice milk flavoured with cinnamon) and agua de arroz (like an iced rice-pudding drink – delicious), agua de jamaica (hibiscus) or de tamarindo (tamarind).

2010. Daniel Jacobs, John Fisher, "The Rough Guide to Mexico", Page 51

I really like Jarritos' agua de jamaica because they make it with real sugar and the home made agua is nasty.

A beverage made from the roselle plant's sepals, usually an infusion or a soda.


Florence fennel

Florence fennel (countable and uncountable, plural Florence fennels)

Synonym of finocchio (“fennel cultivar”)


crappo

en-adj

crappo (comparative more crappo, superlative most crappo)

more crappo (comparative)
most crappo (superlative)

From crap (“of poor quality”) + -o (colloquializing suffix).

suffix

(slang) Of very low quality; crap, lousy.


underleaf

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-underleaf.wav

(obsolete) A prolific kind of cider apple.


pockwood

From pock + wood, as formerly used to treat pocks.


kiabooca

Borrowed from Malay kayu buku (literally “knot/joint wood”).

bor

Pterocarpus indicus
Pterocarpus indicus#Translingual

(archaic) Amboyna wood, the reddish wood taken from burls of Pterocarpus indicus.


beggarweed

en-noun

beggarweed (usually uncountable, plural beggarweeds)

A type of plant, Desmodium incanum, native to Central and South America.


heartseed

heartseed (countable and uncountable, plural heartseeds)

The common Heartseed (C. Halicacabum), sometimes called also Winter cherry, or Heart-pea, is a widely distributed plant, found in all tropical countries.

1866, John Lindley, Thomas Moore, The Treasury of Botany: A Popular Dictionary of the Vegetable Kingdom, page 222:

Any plant of the genus Cardiospermum, climbing plants with round seeds marked with a spot like a heart.


nepeta

1997 October 13, New York: Interior Design ′97, page 79,
NICE DIGS: Tomato tepees, nepeta, strawberries, and herbs in raised beds billow onto the gravel walk; a neat lattice camouflages a propane tank.

2006 Spring, Early Homes, page 42,
The property is now protected by deer fencing, but Nancy spent many years experimenting with plants that are deer resistant, such as lavender, nepeta (catmint), and peonies.

2007 May-June, Old House Interiors, page 103,
TOP. Mirror-image borders in Hampshire, with purple nepeta, carmine-red geraniums, and yellow thalictrum.

(botany) Any plant of the genus Nepeta of flowering plants, including catnip.


jarnut

Of Scandinavian origin: compare Danish jordnöd.

Bunium bulbocastanum
Bunium bulbocastanum#Translingual


peristerion

From Late Latin peristerion, from Ancient Greek περιστέριον (peristérion).

Verbena officinalis
Verbena officinalis#Translingual

(botany) The herb vervain (Verbena officinalis).


leverwood

leverwood (usually uncountable, plural leverwoods)

Ostrya virginiana
Ostrya virginiana#Translingual

The American hophornbeam, Ostrya virginiana, a small tree with very resilient wood.


kippernut

(archaic) Any of several kinds of earthnut.

Bunium bulbocastanum (black cumin) of the Apiaceae.


gonakie

An African timber tree, Vachellia nilotica subsp. adstringens, formerly Acacia adansonii.


water speedwell

water speedwell (plural water speedwells)

A kind of speedwell found in wet places in Europe and America, Veronica anagallis-aquatica.


elderwort

Sambucus ebulus
Sambucus ebulus#Translingual


murrayin

Murraya paniculata
Murraya paniculata#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A glucoside found in the flowers of the plant Murraya paniculata.


dryandra

Any of the former genus Dryandra R. Br. of Australian shrubs, now considered a series within Banksia (Proteaceae)


sweetroot

sweetroot (countable and uncountable, plural sweetroots)

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909

Like other members of this large family, sweetroot presents its tiny flowers in terminal, umbrella-shaped inflorescences that do little to assure us that the plant is not the deadly water hemlock (Cicula douglasii)

1997, Gregory L. Tilford, Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West, Sweetroot, Osmorrhiza occidentalis, page 142:

The plant is sometimes confused with Osmorhiza chilensis (western sweetroot), which often shares the same habitat. However, unlike red baneberry, sweetroot has a strong licorice-like odor.

2009, Ray S. Vizgirdas, Edna M. Rey-Vizgirdas, Wild Plants of the Sierra Nevada, page 64:

western sweet cicely
western sweet cicely#English

western sweetroot
western sweetroot#English

western sweet cicely, western sweetroot (Osmorhiza occidentalis)


halesia

Any of the genus Halesia of American shrubs with white flowers.


water willow

The flowering plant Decodon verticillatus.


marrubium

Any of the genus Marrubium of bitter aromatic plants; horehound.


navelwort

navelwort (countable and uncountable, plural navelworts)

Venus's navelwort

syn. Cotyledon umbilicus; Omphalodes linifolia

Umbilicus rupestris
Umbilicus rupestris#Translingual

Certain plants with features reminiscent of a human navel.

Umbilicus spp., especially Umbilicus rupestris), a European perennial succulent herb with round, peltate leaves with a central depression.

Omphalodes spp., with seeds reminiscent of a navel.

Marsh pennywort, herbs of genera Hydrocotyle or Centella.


hederaceous

en-adj

hederaceous (comparative more hederaceous, superlative most hederaceous)

more hederaceous (comparative)
most hederaceous (superlative)

(rare) Of, pertaining to, or resembling ivy.


frangulin

Frangula alnus
Frangula alnus#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A yellow crystalline dyestuff extracted from a species (Frangula alnus) of alder buckthorn.


redstreak

the Summer and the Winter, the Yellow and the Red , and the more green Redstreak

1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:

A kind of apple with the skin streaked with red and yellow, a favourite English cider apple.


flintwood

en-noun

flintwood (countable and uncountable, plural flintwoods)


manita

Borrowed from Spanish manita (“little hand”), feminine-form diminutive of mano (“hand”), because the small red flowers of the tree resemble five-fingered human hands.

[…] The manita tree,* so named from the singular formation of its flower, a drawing of which is placed as the frontispiece of this book, is a species of plant almost unknown in the catalogues of botanists.
Manita means a little hand.

1828, Mark Beaufoy, Mexican illustrations, founded upon facts, page 230:

Tradition states, that though the Indians did not actually worship the manita tree, yet they regarded the flower with a sort of religious veneration.

1829 October 3, in the Mechanics' Magazine, Museum, Register, Journal, and Gazette, number 321, page 112

The curious manita, or ‘hand tree,’ near the city of Mexico, is another of these curiosities.

1838, John Murray, The economy of vegetation, or phœnomena of plants, page 159:

[…] with high walls on every side but open at the top and certainly not exceeding 80 feet square, and this is the botanic garden of the palace of Mexico; a few shrubs and plants and the celebrated manita tree, are all that it contains.

circa 1846, Traveling Sketches, from a work by Waddy Thompson, republished in the Rural Repository (1846 July 18), volume 22, number 23, page 181

Close by was a plant of the manita, a flower which the Aztecs used to worship ; it is in the form of a hand, with four fingers and a thumb : this they imagined to be the hand of one of their most powerful deities, and adored it ; its colour is a brilliant scarlet.

1852, Victoria Alexandrina M.L. Gregory, A young traveller's journal of a tour in North and South America during the year 1850:

Here one finds among remedies for every organ and ailment, manita, whose red flower, shaped like thumb and four fingers gives its name “the little hand.”

1928, Ernest Gruening, Mexico and its heritage, page 74:

A sign nailed to a manita tree read “Jardín Botánica.” Edmund surveyed this pathetic place in disbelief. The botanic garden of the Palace of Mexico was cramped, airless, light-starved, and populated with meager, untended specimens — […]

2000, Stephen Harrigan, The Gates of the Alamo: A Novel:

(rare) The tree Chiranthodendron pentadactylon, or the red, hand-like flower this tree produces.


morinda

(botany) Any of the genus Morinda of rubiaceous trees and shrubs.


afara

Afara is the common Nigerian name and a British Standard name for the commercial timber.

1969, B. J. Rendle, World Timbers: Europe and Africa, Afara or Limba [Terminalia superba], page 78:


gutwort

(archaic) A plant, Globularia alypum, a violent purgative, found in Africa.


flaxweed

flaxweed (usually uncountable, plural flaxweeds)


water locust

Gleditsia aquatica, a tree found in swamps.


whortle

From Middle English hurtil, hurtle, from Old English horte (“whortleberry”) (plural hortan) but of unknown ultimate origin.

[…] winding to the southward, he stopped his little nag short of the crest, and got off and looked ahead of him, from behind a tump of whortles.

1869, Richard Doddridge Blackmore, Lorna Doone:


ketmie

(archaic) A variety of African hibiscus, cultivated for the acid of its mucilage, Hibiscus sabdariffa.


open-arse

From Middle English open-ers, from Old English openears, corresponding to open + arse, ‘with allusion to the large cavity at the end of the fruit between the persistent calyx lobes’ – OED3.

In several of our counties the same fruit is called an open arse; another of those unluckily belotted travesties of a very properly-expressed original phrase [...].

1837, John Bellenden Kerr, An Essay on the Archaeology of our Popular Phrases and Nursery Rhymes, vol II.1:

On a second reading, prompted by the reproaches of several friends and scholars, I conclude that the pun on medlar, slangily known as ‘an open-arse’, and poperin pear, shape-resembling penis and scrotum, is so forcibly obvious that ‘an open et-caetera’ must here mean ‘an open arse’.

1968, Eric Partridge, Shakespeare's Bawdy, Routledge, published 2002, page 129:


monkeypod

Tears filled the eyes of some of the people heading to work that morning who heard the strains of music in the deposed queen's harden, among its tamarind and monkeypod trees.

2012, Julia Flynn Siler, Lost Kingdom, Grove Press, page 231:

Albizia saman
Albizia saman#Translingual

Albizia saman, a flowering tree in the pea family, native to the neotropics.

Couroupita nicaraguarensis (syn. Lecythis nicaraguarensis) (coco de mono)

Pithecellobium dulce
Pithecellobium dulce#Translingual


melilot

melilot (countable and uncountable, plural melilots)

From Latin melilōtos, from Ancient Greek μελίλωτος (melílōtos), from μέλι (méli, “honey”) + λωτός (lōtós, “lotus”); later reinforced by Old French mellilote.

Melilot boiled in wine and applied mollifies all hard tumours and inflammations that happen in the eyes or other parts of the body, as the fundament or privy parts of man or woman.

1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society, published 2007, page 187:

A fragrant plant of the genus Melilotus, often having small yellow or white flowers.


bitterwood

bitterwood (countable and uncountable, plural bitterwoods)

Jamaica quassia Picrasma excelsa, native to the Caribbean

paradise tree Simarouba glauca, native to Florida, the Caribbean and Central America


creeping Charlie

Lysimachia nummularia
Lysimachia nummularia#Translingual

Glechoma hederacea
Glechoma hederacea#Translingual

(US) Swedish ivy (Plectranthus verticillatus), in the mint family, a popular houseplant

(US) Pilea nummulariifolia, a houseplant in the nettle family


winterweed

winterweed (usually uncountable, plural winterweeds)

WINTERWEED Stellaria media (L.) Cyrill The large Pink family has representatives in nearly every part of the world. Some of them are valuable ornamental plants and others are troublesome weeds.

1936, Fieldbook of Illinois Wild Flowers:

BLOOMS: early spring through fall Other common names for this plant include bird seed, starweed, and winterweed. That the seeds are eaten by several species of birds accounts for the name bird seed.

1984, Laura C. Martin, Wildflower Folklore, page 92:

Chickweed – Starwort, Winterweed (Stellaria media) - Annual or biennial

2013, Bill Church, Medicinal Plants, Trees & Shrubs of Appalachia, page 14:

Stellaria media
Stellaria media#Translingual

Various small weeds that grow in winter
common chickweed (Stellaria media)


polemonium

Any of the genus Polemonium of gamopetalous perennial herbs.


red rattle

Any of several plant species of the genus Pedicularis and others.


restharrow

/ˈɹɛsthaɹəʊ/

From rest + harrow, from the idea that the plant's tough roots would stop a harrow (agricultural implement used to break up soil).

Common Restharrow rises up with diverse rough, woody twigs, half a yard or a yard high, set at the joints without order [...].

1653, Nicholas Culpeper, The English Physician Enlarged, Folio Society, published 2007, page 238:

Any of various species of small shrubs making up the genus Ononis, especially Ononis repens, which has pink flowers.

athje

any of various species of small shrubs making up the genus Ononis


eldern

From an alteration (due to elder) of Middle English ellern (“eldern”), from Old English ellærn, ellarn (“of elder-wood, eldern”), equivalent to elder + -en.

[T]ruth, a heauen he would diſcharge vs as boyes do elderne guns, one pellet to ſtrike out another: […]

c. 1603 (date written), Iohn Marston, The Malcontent, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for William Aspley, […], published 1604, →OCLC, Act IV, scene iv:


Riga fir

Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris#Translingual

(archaic) A variant of Baltic pine, Pinus sylvestris.


nicker tree

The plant (genus Caesalpinia) producing nicker nuts.


gurjun

gurjun (countable and uncountable, plural gurjuns)

From Bengali তেলি-গর্জন (tēli-garjan, “garjan oil tree”).

borrowed

A major commercial timber species in the genus Dipterocarpus.


mint chocolate chip

As exemplified by a peppermint patty or a bowl of mint chocolate-chip ice cream, mint is the chocolate lover’s herb.

2000, Jerry Traunfeld, The Herbfarm Cookbook, Scribner, →ISBN, page 406:

This cake is an ode to York Peppermint Patties, Andes Mints (swiped from your grandmother’s candy bowl), and mint–chocolate chip ice cream.

2015, Jean Sagendorph, Jessie Sheehan, Icebox Cakes: Recipes for the Coolest Cakes in Town, San Francisco, Calif.: Chronicle Books, →ISBN, page 24:

On the way home, we stopped at Rite Aid so the kids could get their double scoops, though once again they were out of mint chocolate chip.

2020, Marla Jo Fisher, Frumpy Middle-Aged Mom: Dispatches from the Front Lines of Motherhood, Prospect Park Books, →ISBN:

An ice cream flavor with a spearmint or peppermint base and chocolate chips.


flamboyer

Borrowed from French flamboyer (“to be bright”).

(archaic) Any of various trees in the East and West Indies with brilliant blossoms, probably species of Caesalpinieae, especially of Delonix and Caesalpinia, all of which were formerly in the obsolete genus Poinciana.


deergrass

en-noun

deergrass (usually uncountable, plural deergrasses)

A species of grass native to the southwestern United States, Muhlenbergia rigens


myrica

(botany) Any of the genus Myrica of shrubs and trees.


cedrene

cedrene (countable and uncountable, plural cedrenes)

(organic chemistry) Any of a class of similar substances, such as the essential oils of cloves, cubebs, juniper, etc.


creosote bush

creosote bush (countable and uncountable, plural creosote bushes)

Named for its smell, which resembles that of creosote.

A common North American desert shrub used as a medicinal herb, Larrea tridentata.


Ogeechee lime

Named after the Ogeechee River in Georgia, USA.

A species of tupelo (Nyssa ogeche) which grows in swamps in Georgia and Florida.


amaracus

Then to the bower they came, / Naked they came to that smooth-swarded bower, / And at their feet the crocus brake like fire, / Violet, amaracus, and asphodel, / Lotos and lilies: and a wind arose, / And overhead the wandering ivy and vine, / This way and that, in many a wild festoon / Ran riot, garlanding the gnarled boughs / With bunch and berry and flower thro' and thro'.

1842, Tennyson, “Oenone”, in The Lady of Shallot and other poems:


Gravenstein

Named after a place in Schleswig, Germany.

A variety of autumn apple with deep red or orange streaks.


ammoniacum

From Middle English armoniacum, from Latin ammōniacum, armōniacum.

gum ammoniac, a resin exuded from several species of Ferula.


aldern

an aldern bow

an aldern pole


frostweed

frostweed (countable and uncountable, plural frostweeds)

From frost + weed. Late in autumn, crystals of ice shoot from the cracked bark at the root.

An American species of rockrose (Crocanthemum canadense, syn. Helianthemum canadense).


lodgepole pine

lodgepole pine (countable and uncountable, plural lodgepole pines)

I was there early in the season, when the snow still lay in thick drifts and steam wreathed through the lodgepole pines from the least thermal outlet.

2011, Richard Fortey, The Earth, Folio Society, page ix:

Pinus contorta
Pinus contorta#Translingual

A pine tree native to northwest America, Pinus contorta.


ohia

Syzygium malaccense
Syzygium malaccense#Translingual

Either of two flowering trees of the myrtle family, especially

A Malay apple tree (Syzygium malaccense), (native to Southeast Asia, introduced throughout the tropics).


ohelo

Ohelo Vaccinium reticulatum (and V. peleanum) and kukaenene Coprosma ernodeoides […] are the most important berries in the Nenes' diet, and it is probably from such juicy fruit that much of their water intake comes.

1980, Janet Kear, A. J. Berger, “The Hawaiian Goose or Nene”, in The Hawaiian Goose: An Experiment in Conservation, Calton, Staffordshire: T. & A. D. Poyser, →ISBN; reprinted London: T. & A. D. Poyser, 2010, →ISBN, page 42:

Growing on nearly bare lava flows, the flora includes small relatives of the familiar cranberry: the ohelo carries a bright red, succulent berry that was once a staple item in the diet of the nene, the Hawaiian goose.

2004, Richard [Alan] Fortey, The Earth: An Intimate History, London: HarperCollins, →ISBN; republished London: Folio Society, 2011, →OCLC, page 37:

A small red or yellow berry growing on the shrub Vaccinium reticulatum of volcanic parts of the Hawaiian islands of Hawaii and Maui, or the shrub itself.


relbun

(archaic) The roots of the plant Calceolaria arachnoidea, used for dyeing crimson.


sea lettuce

Any of several edible seaweeds of the genus Ulva.

Similar seaweed species of other genera:

Monostroma spp., also known as the slender sea lettuce, a kind of algae.

Scaevola taccada, also known as the beach cabbage, a terrestrial flowering plant species that is native to coastal regions of the Indo-Pacific.

Dudleya caespitosa, also known as the sand lettuce, a terrestrial flowering plant species that is endemic to coastal areas of California


snow apple

In color and form the Shiawassee Beauty mostly resembles the Snow apple, but attains a larger size and is more tart, hence better for culinary purposes.

1873, “The Shiawassee Beauty”, in Annual Report of the Secretary of the State Horticultural Society, page 461:

Hundreds of thousands of the snow apple seeds have been planted, giving hundreds of thousands of first-rate exemplar apples with an occasional superman, like the McIntosh red.

1915, Robert Tuttle Morris, Microbes and Men, page 478:

An heirloom variety of apple, with white flesh.


mudwort

Any of the plant of genus Limosella, found in muddy areas.


beechy

en-adj

beechy (comparative more beechy, superlative most beechy)

more beechy (comparative)
most beechy (superlative)

The peculiar idyllic character of the German hills is principally found in such places as the beechy glens about Eisenach and the Inselberg in Thüringen, in the vale of the Bode, in the Hartz, in the lovely valley of Lorsbach, luxuriant with beech and birch, with hills folding in one another like fingers, and the chestnut glades about Cronberg in the Taunus.

1862 September 13, George Carless Swayne, “Castles of the Taunus”, in Once a Week, number 168:

Of, relating to, or containing beech trees.


fistinut

Compare Turkish fıstık / فستق. See pistachio.

The Pistacia mutica (fistinut tree), Cercis siliquastrum, Vitex agnus and othr^([sic]) Mediterranian^([sic]) species of trees are characteristic for the Southern coast of the Crimea, from the Cape Aya to Kisiltash.

1930, Guide-book for the Excursion of the Second International Congress of Soil Science, volume 1, Moscow: Organizing Committee of the Second International Congress of Soil Science, Public Office of the State Planning Committee of the USSR, page 33:


fiddlewood

en-noun

fiddlewood (countable and uncountable, plural fiddlewoods)

From fiddle + wood, a corruption of French bois-fidèle (“faithful wood”), so called from its durability.

The wood of several West Indian trees, mostly of the genus Citharexylum.


rattlebox

Senna covesii, a perennial subshrub native to the United States and Mexico.


noonflower

For isolated shrubs , and not too many at that, the lack of all appearance of striving after there would be the spreading noonflower, bauhinia, dracaumas with their warm-hued leaves, […]

1916, “The Homestead (So. Africa)”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), numbers 23-48, page 7:

Referring to various species of flowers.


niopo

A kind of snuff prepared by some indigenous peoples of Venezuela and Colombia, from the roasted seeds of a leguminous tree, Anadenanthera peregrina.


prangos

From the native name in the vicinity of Tibet, northern India, or Pakistan.

(botany) Any of the genus Prangos of umbelliferous plants.


lignum rhodium

/ˈlɪɡnəm ˈɹəʊdɪəm/

From New Latin lignum rhodium (literally “rosy wood”), from Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon, “rose”).

bor

The fragrant wood of several shrubs and trees, especially of species Convolvulus scoparius and Convolvulus floridus (Convolvulaceae) from the Canary Islands, and of the West Indian Amyris balsamifera (Rutaceae).


caprifoliaceous

From translingual Caprifoliaceae + -ous.

(botany, relational) Of or relating to the Caprifoliaceae family of honeysuckles.


hog apple

en-noun

hog apple (usually uncountable, plural hog apples)

Podophyllum peltatum
Podophyllum peltatum#Translingual


cornin

Cornus florida
Cornus florida#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A bitter principle obtained from dogwood (Cornus florida), as a white crystalline substance; cornic acid.


jeffersonia

Any of several herbs of the genus Jeffersonia (Berberidaceae), especially (Jeffersonia diphylla).

Any of the trilobites of the genus Jeffersonia (Bathyuridae)


euphrasy

From Ancient Greek εὐφρασία (euphrasía, “good cheer”), from εὐφραίνω (euphraínō), from φρήν (phrḗn).

bor

In these delightful moments, released from the burden of her tyrant malady, her eyes seem to have been touched with the herb euphrasy, and she has the gift, denied to the rest of her generation, of seeing nature and describing what she sees.

1913, Edmund Gosse, Gossip in a Library:

On the next morning any one whose eyes were purged with euphrasy and rue might have observed an owl and a fairy queen fluttering in the smoky air above Burlington House.

1885, May Kendall, Andrew Lang, 'That Very Mab':

But to nobler sights Michael from Adam's eyes the film removed, Which that false fruit that promised clearer sight Had bred; then purged with euphrasy and rue The visual nerve, for he had much to see; And from the well of life three drops instilled.


horsemint

en-noun

horsemint (countable and uncountable, plural horsemints)

From Middle English horsmynte, from Old English horsminte, equivalent to horse + mint.

(UK) Wild mint (Mentha sylvestris, now Mentha longifolia).


monkey puzzle

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-monkey puzzle.wav

From monkey + puzzle, apparently because the branches are so crowded and twisted that even a monkey would find it difficult to climb.

They could see the small stone house where she used to live, with a monkey puzzle in front of it like a moustache.

1951, Victor Sawdon Pritchett, Mr Beluncle, New York: The Modern Library, published 2005, page 88:

Even those, such as the vicar, who might by education have been supposed to put a less superstitious valuation upon her character and who were too tolerant to believe ill of the stage profession in itself and in the proper place, could not believe its transplantation into a village to be right or desirable. His sense of the fitness of things was as outraged as if a parishioner had suggested planting a monkey-puzzle over a mother's grave.

1953, Rosemary Manning, Remaining a Stranger, page 67:

Harry had always wanted a cedar tree on the lawn, as there had been in his old home, but had done the best he could by planting a monkey-puzzle, which was said to be quicker growing.

1958, Barbara Pym, A Glass of Blessings, Chapter Three:

While I am planting a monkey puzzle in the front garden in his memory, an old man stops and tells me he remembers, in his wild far-off youth, climbing a monkey puzzle for a bet – 'A great tall thing' – and being lacerated to pieces by the spikes.

1984, Jilly Cooper, The Common Years, Meuthen, page 129:

Two days later I took it to the former manse, a solid grey stately Victorian building with a tall monkey puzzle tree on the lawn.

2003, Alasdair Gray, “Miss Kincaid's Autumn”, in Every Short Story, Edinburgh: Canongate, published 2012, page 747:

In the late afternoon, I went for a walk along a monkey puzzle-lined trail.

2012, Lawrence Winkler, Orion's Cartwheel, Victoria, BC: First Choice Books, →ISBN, page 178:

Araucaria araucana
Araucaria araucana#Translingual

A large coniferous tree, Araucaria araucana, native to Chile.


white-heart

A somewhat heart-shaped cherry with a whitish skin.


fitweed

Eryngium foetidum
Eryngium foetidum#Translingual

Eryngium foetidum, a plant supposed to be a remedy for fits.


xanthorhamnin

The aglycone of xanthorhamnin is rhamnetin.

Rhamnus cathartica
Rhamnus cathartica#Translingual

(organic chemistry) A chemical compound found in buckthorn berries (Rhamnus cathartica).


yamp

Probably related to yampah, from Shoshone.

An umbelliferous plant, Perideridia gairdneri, native to California, whose tubers were used as food by Native Americans.


cow's lungwort

Verbascum thapsus
Verbascum thapsus#Translingual


soldierwood

From soldier + wood; plants of species Colubrina elliptica make a sound like that of musket fire when they disperse their peppercorn-size seeds.

A showy leguminous plant (Calliandra purpurea) of the West Indies, whose flowers have long tassels of purple stamens.


agust

Sesbania grandiflora
Sesbania grandiflora#Translingual


Lambert pine

So called from Lambert, an English botanist.

(dated) sugar pine, found on the west coast of North America from Baja California to Oregon (Pinus lambertiana).


brookweed

A small white-flowered herb (Samolus valerandi) usually found in wet places; the water pimpernel.


coralwort

coralwort (usually uncountable, plural coralworts)

A parasitic plant of certain species of genus Lathraea (family Orobanchaceae).

Any plant now classified in the subgenus Cardamine subg. Dentaria (family Brassicaceae), formerly genus Dentaria.


hamamelis

From New Latin, from Ancient Greek ἁμαμηλίς (hamamēlís, “medlar”).

der

Any of the flowering plant genus Hamamelis, the witch hazels.


Virgouleuse

From French virgouleuse, from Virgoulée, variant form of Villegoureix, a village in the Limousin province of France. Compare vergaloo.

Charles had stuffed his pockets with virguleus pears from the table and they ate these as they tramped through the streets which were running with the overflow of rain water from the open gutters.

1991, Lawrence Norfolk, Lemprière's Dictionary, Grove Press, published 1999, page 231:


paccan

… to send him some paccan nuts. … Jefferson in his reply wrote: "The Paccan nut is, as you conjecture the Illinois nut, ..., and enters into the Botanical name with is Juglans Paccan"

1944, Thomas Jefferson, edited by Edwin Morris Betts, Thomas Jefferson's Garden Book, Reprint edition (Gardening), UNC Press Books, published 2002, →ISBN, page 118:

A creamy liquid called powcohicoria or "hickory milk" was prepared by the Algonquins: pacan kernals were pounded into small pieces, cast into boiling water, strained and stirred.

2004, Frederic Rosengarten, Jr., “Pecans”, in The Book of Edible Nuts (Cooking), Courier Dover Publications, →ISBN, page 172:


amorpha

From the genus name, Amorpha, from Ancient Greek ἄμορφος (ámorphos, “shapeless, deformed”), because the flowers have only one petal rather than the three of other genera in the subfamily Faboideae.

Billowy bays of grass ever rolling in shadow and sunshine,
Bright with luxuriant clusters of roses and purple amorphas

1847 November 1, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Evangeline, a Tale of Acadie, Boston, Mass.: William D. Ticknor & Company, →OCLC, (please specify either |part=I or II):

Any species of the genus Amorpha of leguminous shrubs.


devilwood

A tree (Cartrema americana, formerly Osmanthus americanus), allied to the European olive.


oyster plant

Acanthus mollis
Acanthus mollis#Translingual

Acanthus mollis (bear's breeches), native to the Mediterranean


orpin

Alternative form of orpine (“the plant or the pigment”)


lizard's tail

Crassula muscosa, rattail crassula, a succulent plant native to South Africa


gypsywort

From gypsy + wort. Gypsies were said to stain their skin with its juice.


twinleaf

Jeffersonia, rheumatism root (Jeffersonia diphylla)


akeake

Borrowed from Maori [Term?] (“forever and ever”), from its durability.

Dodonaea viscosa
Dodonaea viscosa#Translingual

(New Zealand) The tree Dodonaea viscosa; aalii.

(New Zealand) The tree Olearia traversiorum.

(New Zealand) The tree Olearia avicenniaefolia.


wallaba

The wild red sage is also their favourite shrub, and they buzz like bees round the blossom of the wallaba tree.

1836, Charles Waterton, Wanderings in South America:

A leguminous tree (Eperua falcata) of Demerara, with pinnate leaves, reddish-brown wood, and clusters of red flowers.


ironwort

en-noun

ironwort (usually uncountable, plural ironworts)

A herb of several species in the genus Sideritis, formerly believed to heal sword cuts.


horsewood

A West Indian mimosoid tree, Zygia latifolia, with showy crimson blossoms.


earthpea

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea#Translingual


roseroot

roseroot (usually uncountable, plural roseroots)

All along the highest parts of the ravine there are outcrops of rose root, stumpy-leaved and topped with the first showing of distinctive flat golden flowers.

2020, Tim Ecott, The Land of Maybe, Short Books, published 2021, page 85:

Rhodiola rosea, a perennial crassulaceous plant with many claimed health benefits that grows in cold regions.


civic crown

Calque of Latin corōna cīvica, the adjective being from cīves (“citizen”).

(historical, Ancient Rome) A crown or garland of oak leaves and acorns, bestowed on a soldier who had saved the life of a citizen in battle.


blackheart

Blackheart malleable cast iron has excellent castability and machinability.

2013, V. B. Bhandari, Introduction to Machine Design, →ISBN, page 49:

A type of malleable cast iron with minimum tensile strength of 350 N/mm².


genip

A succulent berry with a thick rind, the fruit of plants in the genus Genipa.


woodroof

Galium odoratum
Galium odoratum#Translingual

A small, sweet-smelling herb, Galium odoratum, once used for flavouring wine


golding

head

golding (plural goldings or (obsolete) goldinges)

goldings (plural)
goldinges (obsolete plural)

First attested circa 1580; formed as gold + -ing.

(UK, North Midlands dialects) The corn marigold (Glebionis segetum).


vi-apple

From Tahitian vī (“Spondias dulcis”), from Proto-Polynesian *wī + apple.

Spondias dulcis
Spondias dulcis#Translingual


diascordium

Medical Latin, from Ancient Greek διὰ σκορδίων (dià skordíōn), from σκόρδιον (skórdion, “scordium”).

uder

διὰ σκορδίων

Laudanum Paracelsi is prescribed in two or three grains, with a dram of diascordium, which Oswald. Crollius commends.

(obsolete, pharmacology) A medicine made from dried herbs, especially Teucrium scordium.


eryngium

(botany) Any of the genus Eryngium of umbelliferous plants resembling thistles.


cockshead

en-noun

cockshead (countable and uncountable, plural cocksheads)

A leguminous herb, Onobrychis caput-galli, with small spiny-crested pods.


alsike

alsike (countable and uncountable, plural alsikes)

The next best growth was shown by the alsikes and N.Z. white clovers. Only about a third of the varieties were significantly affected by phosphate levels.

1974, New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, volume 2, number 3, page 256:

Trifolium hybridum, a species of clover with pinkish or white flowers.


trifoly

trifoly (countable and uncountable, plural trifolies)

From Latin trifolium. See trifoliate, trefoil.

Shee was crowned with a chaplet of trifoly, to expreſſe readineſſe, and openneſſe euery way; […]

1604 March 25 (first performance; Gregorian calendar; published 1604), Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Part of the Kings Entertainment in Passing to His Coronation [The Coronation Triumph]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, page 846:


purau

The trees that came within our knowledge were the manchineal and a species of purow […].

1790, William Bligh, A Narrative of the Mutiny:

In the whole length of the single shoreside street, with […] its grateful shade of palms and green jungle of puraos, no moving figure could be seen.

1892, Robert Louis Stevenson, Lloyd Osborne, The Wrecker, Prologue 2:

Hibiscus tiliaceus
Hibiscus tiliaceus#Translingual

A Polynesian shrub or small tree, Hibiscus tiliaceus, having yellow flowers and a fibrous bark.


spike lavender

spike lavender (usually uncountable, plural spike lavenders)

A strongly aromatic species of lavender, Lavandula latifolia, native to the Mediterranean.


arracacha

arracacha (countable and uncountable, plural arracachas)

Borrowed from Spanish, from Quechua raqacha.

A South American plant grown as a root vegetable, Arracacia xanthorrhiza

lakachu

Arracacia xanthorrhiza, a South American root vegetable


locust tree

Named after the "locusts" said to have been eaten by John the Baptist, based on the theory that they were really carob pods.

Gleditsia triacanthos
Gleditsia triacanthos#Translingual

Any of a number of similar looking trees in the genera Gleditsia and Robinia.

A honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), a leguminous tree with pods having a sweet, edible pulp.


mile-a-minute

Any of several species of fast-growing plants, some of which are extremely invasive outside their native range and undesirable.


Vietnamese balm

A Southeast Asian herb used in food for its lemon flavor, especially in Vietnamese cuisine, Elsholtzia ciliata


Thai basil

Thai basil (countable and uncountable, plural Thai basils)

A type of sweet basil from Southeast Asia, notable for the anise/tarragon overtones in its flavor, and for the attractive purple color of the leaves and bracts in its flower spikes.


lemon basil

lemon basil (countable and uncountable, plural lemon basils)

Any Southeast Asian basil of species Ocimum × citriodorum, notable for the lemon/citrus overtones to its flavor.


wincopipe

There is a small red flower in the stubble fields which country people call the wincopipe; which if it open in the morning you may be sure of a fair day to follow

1627 (indicated as 1626), Francis [Bacon], “(please specify the page, or |century=I to X)”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], London: […] William Rawley […]; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], →OCLC:

Anagallis arvensis
Anagallis arvensis#Translingual

(obsolete, dialect) The pimpernel flower, Anagallis arvensis.


santol

Borrowed from Tagalog santol, likely from Malay sentul. Compare Pangasinan pantol.

A tropical Asian tree (Sandoricum koetjape).


water caltrop

An East Asian water plant with a horn-like nut, Trapa bicornis.

water chestnut

but best not used for this plant, to avoid confusion


star apple

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-star apple.wav

While Giles had money to waste upon gambling marbles, thanks to his three acres of limes, pawpaw, star apples and melon.

2010, Andrea Levy, The Long Song, Tinder Press (2017), page 302:


jocote

Borrowed from Spanish jocote, from Classical Nahuatl.


lucmo

Borrowed from Spanish lúcuma, from Quechua rukma, luqma.

A fruit tree, Pouteria lucuma, from the Andean region of Peru, related to, and often confused with, the canistel.

lucume

a fruit tree, Pouteria lucuma, from the Andean region of Peru


leucadendron

(botany) Any of the genus Leucadendron of evergreen shrubs or trees.


pearl grass

pearl grass (usually uncountable, plural pearl grasses)

snake tongue grass, Old World diamond-flower


Asian pear

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Asian pear.wav

Pyrus pyrifolia
Pyrus pyrifolia#Translingual

A fruit from species of pear from northeastern Asia, known better for their crisp, juicy texture than for their flavor

an apple pear or Chinese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)

a Chinese white pear (Pyrus × bretschneideri)


apple pear

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-apple pear.wav

A fruit of a northeast-Asian species of pear with a crisp, juicy texture and an apple-like shape.


Chinese white pear

Chinese white pear (plural Chinese white pears)

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Chinese white pear.wav


Chinese olive

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-Chinese olive.wav

The olive-shaped fruit of a Chinese tree, Canarium album, usually eaten dried or its seed eaten as a nut.


widow-wail

(archaic) spurge olive (Cneorum tricoccon)


abiu

Borrowed from Brazilian Portuguese abiu, borrowed from Nheengatu abiú, from Old Tupi amyîu.

etymon

A South American tropical fruit tree, Pouteria caimito.


caimito

Synonym of star apple, a tropical tree and its fruit


ambarella

/ˌæm.bəˈɹɛlə/

/ˌæm.bɚˈɛlə/

Borrowed from Sinhalese ඇඹරැල්ලා (æᵐbarællā).

A tropical fruit tree native to the South Pacific (Spondias dulcis).


bael

From Hindi बेल (bel), from Sanskrit बिल्व (bilva), विल्व (vilva), or बैल्व (bailva).

In the courtyard there were fruit and flowering trees appropriate for the worship of Mahadev, as also a bel tree.

2015, Govardhanram Tripathi, translated by Tridip Suhrud, Sarasvatichandra, Orient Black Swan, page 2:

Aegle marmelos
Aegle marmelos#Translingual

A tropical fruit tree from India, Aegle marmelos.


chewstick

Any of various plants in the genus Gouania used for oral hygiene, especieally Gouania lupuloides, of the Caribbean.


Chinese date

Ziziphus jujuba
Ziziphus jujuba#Translingual

Ziziphus mauritiana
Ziziphus mauritiana#Translingual


tan shen

Borrowed from Mandarin 丹參 /丹参 (dānshēn).

Red sage or Chinese sage (Salvia miltiorrhiza)


ailantus

(archaic) Any member of the tree genus Ailanthus.


bay rum

A fragrant liquid used for cosmetic and medicinal purposes, originally made in the West Indies from rum and the leaves and/or berries of the West Indian bay tree (Pimenta racemosa).


feaberry

Probably for *theveberry, from Middle English theve (“copse”). Compare feabe, theabe, thape, which is probably a clipping of this word (interpreted as *theabe-berry).

The best sauce for green geese is the juice of sorrel and sugar, mixed together with a few scladed feaberries and served upon sippets

1615, Gervase Markham, The English Huswife:


Oswego tea

en-noun

Oswego tea (usually uncountable, plural Oswego teas)

Oswego (from an Iroquoian language) + tea.

Monarda didyma
Monarda didyma#Translingual

An American aromatic herb (Monarda didyma) with bright red labiate flowers; also called bee balm or bergamot.


lady's bedstraw

lady's bedstraw (usually uncountable, plural lady's bedstraws or ladies' bedstraws)

lady's bedstraws (plural)
ladies' bedstraws (plural)


barwood

barwood (countable and uncountable, plural barwoods)

From bar + wood, since it was imported from Africa in bars.

(countable) A tree of species Pterocarpus erinaceus.


neckweed

neckweed (usually uncountable, plural neckweeds)

An American annual weed (Veronica peregrina), with small white flowers and a roundish pod.


mallowwort

Any plant of the order Malvaceae, the mallows.


caprifole

From Latin caper (“goat”) + folium (“leaf”).

With wanton yvie twine entrayled athwart,
 And Eglantine and Caprifole emong […]

1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book III, Canto VI”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:


metrosideros

(botany) Any of the genus Metrosideros of myrtaceous trees and shrubs, including many species called ironwood.


rounceval

From the gigantic bones shown at Roncesvalles, and alleged to be those of old heroes.

The Rouncefall, great Beanes, and early ripening Peason

1622, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion, song 20 p. 12:


henbit

A translation of Middle Low German or Dutch Hoenderbeet, from the name Almaignes Hoenderbeet.

Lamium amplexicaule, an annual plant with pink or purple flowers and deeply crenate leaves.

Henbit (disambiguation)
Lamium amplexicaule


primerole

[…] not a rill of water but crept from its hiding place, under banks entangled with briers and weeds, or thickly set with their clusters of primeroles (to use old Chaucer's word for that palest and prettiest of yellow flowers) […]

c. 1884, Anna Eliza Bray, Henry de Pomeroy: The Eve of St. John:

Primeroles and anemones were awake in the filbert-brakes; and asphodel and many lily-flowers nodded their half-opened heads in the grass […]


pipeweed

putki

any of a number of plants having thin and straight stems resembling pipes

Native American
Native American#Adjective

Any of a number of plants having thin and straight stems resembling pipes, often hollow or lacking branches.

(specifically, US) The desert trumpet (Eriogonum inflatum) which has a straight stem with a swollen portion; formerly some Native American tribes in the Las Vegas Valley area turned such stems into pipes for smoking by removing the stem at the base and cutting the swollen portion in half to serve as a bowl.


parnassia

(botany) Any of the genus Parnassia of herbaceous dicots.


staggerbush

Any of the genus Lyonia of ericaceous flowering plants.


exostema

(botany) Any of the flowering plant genus Exostema.


vanglo

Sesamum indicum
Sesamum indicum#Translingual

(Caribbean) Sesamum indicum, the sesame plant.


tunhoof

From Middle English tun-hōve, from Old English tūnhōfe from tūn + hōfe (“ground ivy”).

Glechoma hederacea
Glechoma hederacea#Translingual


ramsted

Named after a Mr. Ramsted who introduced it into Pennsylvania, USA.

Linaria vulgaris
Linaria vulgaris#Translingual

(archaic, US) toadflax, especially common toadflax (Linaria vulgaris)


whistlewood

Acer pensylvanicum
Acer pensylvanicum#Translingual

The moosewood, or striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum).


calavance

calavance (countable and uncountable, plural calavances)

Lablab purpureus
Lablab purpureus#Translingual

Any bean, but especially the hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus).


ladies' eardrops

The small-flowered fuchsia (Fuchsia coccinea)


chich

From French chiche, pois chiche (“a dwarf pea”), from Latin cicer (“the chickpea”).


muskwood

From musk + wood, because of its fragrance.

Wood of a West Indian tree of the mahogany family (Trichilia moschata).


bignoniaceous

en-adj

bignoniaceous (comparative more bignoniaceous, superlative most bignoniaceous)

more bignoniaceous (comparative)
most bignoniaceous (superlative)

(botany) Of or relating to the flowering plant family Bignoniaceae.


rheinberry

en-noun

rheinberry (countable and uncountable, plural rheinberries)

Rhamnus cathartica
Rhamnus cathartica#Translingual

One of the berries or drupes of the European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica).


wallwort

From Middle English walwort, from Old English wealhwyrt.


cow parsnip

Any umbelliferous plant of genus Heracleum.


sorb apple

Sorbus domestica
Sorbus domestica#Translingual

A European fruit tree, Sorbus domestica, also called the service tree


saxifragaceous

Saxifragaceous plants include the hydrangea and the gooseberry.

(botany, relational) Of or relating to an order of plants (Saxifragaceae) of which saxifrage is the type.


bullwort

Bullwort is a difficult-to-control weed: in cereals, only sulfonylureas are effective.

2017, Michel Beckert, Yves Dessaux, Effects of Herbicide-Tolerant Crop Cultivation:


handflower

From hand + flower. Chiranthodendron pentadactylon is so called because its flowers resemble five-fingered human hands.

(sometimes in the phrase ‘handflower tree’) A Mexican hand tree (Chiranthodendron pentadactylon).


breadroot

breadroot (countable and uncountable, plural breadroots)

The edible root of a leguminous plant (Psoralea esculenta).


macpalxochitl

Borrowed from Classical Nahuatl macpalxochitl

The Macpalxochitl, figured by Clavigero, after Hernandez, is one of the most singular trees hitherto discovered.

1804, Benjamin Smith Barton, editor, The Philadelphia medical and physical journal, volume 1, page 168:

For lower abdominal pain, the patient would be prescribed macpalxochitl (Chiranthodendron) also effective for both conditions. For diarrhea the patient would be given […]

2002, Emory Dean Keoke, Kay Marie Porterfield, Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the World, page 118:

[…] where Mexico tapers toward the wasp-waist of the continent, the macpalxochitl extends to the light its red finger-like petals, healing to the heart.

1941, Clifford Gessler, Pattern of Mexico:

(rare) A tree of species Chiranthodendron pentadactylon.


Mexican hand tree

Mexican hand tree (plural Mexican hand trees)

So named because it grows in Mexico and its flowers resemble five-fingered human hands.


wicopy

From an Algonquian term for "stringy bark"; compare Abenaki wigebi (“stringy inner bark (used as cordage)”), Ojibwe wiigob (“inner bark of a basswood”).

cog

(US, Canada) Any of several trees, such as the leatherwood/moosewood (of the genus Dirca), the whitewood, or the American basswood/linden (of the genus Tilia).


phillyrea

Any evergreen plant in the genus Phillyrea (there are only two accepted species, native to the Mediterranean).


thoroughwax

An umbelliferous plant (Bupleurum rotundifolium) with perfoliate leaves.


bupleurum

Any of the genus Bupleurum of apiaceous plants.


brooklime

Certain plants of genus Veronica, with usually blue flowers in axillary racemes:

European brooklime (Veronica beccabunga)


amber tree

A species of Anthospermum (Rubiaceae), a succulent evergreen shrub whose leaves release a fragrant odour when bruised, of East Africa and Madagascar.

Hymenaea verrucosa (Fabaceae), a New World tree producing copal.

†Pinites succinifer, extinct, formerly thought to be the source of Baltic amber.


hartwort

en-noun

hartwort (usually uncountable, plural hartworts)

Tordylium maximum
Tordylium maximum#Translingual

A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium maximum) or any plant of genus Tordylium.


omander

The wood of Diospyros ebenum (syn. Diospyros ebenaster), a kind of ebony found in Ceylon.


torchwort

From torch + wort, because in ancient times the stalks were dipped in suet and used as torches.

Verbascum thapsus
Verbascum thapsus#Translingual


sweetweed

Either of two tropical American weeds, (Capraria biflora of the figwort family or Scoparia dulcis) of the plantain family.


bean trefoil

Anagyris foetida, a leguminous shrub of southern Europe with trifoliate leaves.


nicker nut

(archaic) The rounded seed of the nicker tree.


olusatrum

From Latin holusatrum, olusatrum, from olus (“garden herb”) + ater (“black”).

(archaic) An umbelliferous plant, the common alexanders, found in Western Europe (Smyrnium olusatrum).


cahinca

Chiococca alba, a flowering plant in the coffee family.


spoonwood

Kalmia latifolia
Kalmia latifolia#Translingual


brownwort

(archaic) A figwort of the species Scrophularia vernalis or (possibly) of certain other species of the same genus, mostly perennials with inconspicuous coarse flowers.


miterwort

Any plant of the genus Mitella, slender perennial herbs with flower slightly resembling a bishop's miter.


chess-apple

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-chess-apple.wav

Sorbus torminalis
Sorbus torminalis#Translingual

(archaic) The wild service tree of Europe (Sorbus torminalis).


eryngo

eryngo (countable and uncountable, plural eryngos or eryngoes)

Ultimately from Latin ēryngion, from Ancient Greek ἠρύγγιον (ērúngion), from ἤρυγγος (ḗrungos).

For some ordinary broths made of Eringos or Sea-Holme, and Burstwort, which twice or thrice I have swallowed downe at the request of some Ladies, who, more kindely then my disease is unkind, offred me the moity of theirs, have equally seemed unto me as easie to take as unprofitable in operation.

1603, Michel de Montaigne, translated by John Florio, Essays, III.13:

Any other plant of the same genus, Eryngium.


erythrina

(botany) Any of the genus Erythrina of leguminous flowering plants; a coral tree.


spicewood

Lindera benzoin
Lindera benzoin#Translingual

An American shrub, the spicebush (Lindera benzoin), whose bark has a citrusy taste and odor.


sempervive

From Latin semperviva, sempervivum, from sempervivus (“ever-living”), from semper (“always”) + vivus (“living”).


interspecific plum

interspecific plum (plural interspecific plums)

A pluot or any of the other experimental or proprietary plum-apricot hybrid plants and their fruit.


peacotum

A blend of peach, apricot, and plum. A trademark.

A hybrid species of peach, apricot, and plum lineage.


redroot

Sanguinaria canadensis
Sanguinaria canadensis#Translingual

Any of several plants with red roots, such as the New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus), the gromwell (Lithospermum arvense), the bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis), and Lachnanthes caroliniana .


algarovilla

Agglutinated seeds and husks of the legumes of a South American tree (Chloroleucon mangense), formerly used for tanning leather and as a dye.


bauhinia

Our camp was about four miles above the furthest point attained by Captain Stokes, and consequently in Beagle Valley which we had traversed for more than thirty miles, the greater part of which was well grassed and openly wooded with box, bauhinia, and acacia.

1884, A C, F T Gregory, Journals of Australian Explorations:

I may mention a few common trees which I have observed today--first, on the edges of the river fine large tea-trees, with foliage (melaleuca) like the drooping willow; beautiful Leichhardt-trees, pandanus, and cabbage-palm-trees: on the banks and scattered over the plain, stunted box, bauhinia, white cedar, and bloodwood; with the pandanus I got too intimately acquainted for, while with merely a shirt upon me, leading a restive horse across the river, I fell back and, rolling, got its thorns into all parts of my body.

1862, William Landsborough, Journal of Landsborough's Expedition from Carpentaria:

"The insect (and its secretion) on the leaves of the bauhinia, and which is eaten by the Africans, proves to be a species of Psylla, a genus of small, very active Homoptera, of which we have one very common species in the box; but our species, Psylla buxi, emits its secretion in the shape of very long, white, cotton-like filaments.

1873, David Livingstone, Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa:

Any of flowering plants of the Bauhinia genus, some of which are known as orchid trees.

bauhinia

any flowering plant of the Bauhinia genus


cembra

Among the cembra trees in the Engadine the snow may be sprinkled with the nuts out of the cones.

1924, Katharine Symonds Furse, Ski-running:

Then comes the descent, with its forests of larch and cembra, golden and dark green upon a ground of grey, and in front the serried shafts of the Bernina, and here and there a glimpse of emerald lake at turnings of the road.

1884, John Addington Symonds, New Italian sketches:

It consists principally of pines: the cembra pine (Pinus Cembra, L.), valued for its seeds, enormous larches, the nearly awl-formed Siberian pine (Pinus sibirica, LEDEB.), the fir (Pinus obovata, TURCZ.), and scattered trees of the common pine (Pinus sylvestris, L.)

1881, Alexander Leslie, The Voyage of the Vega round Asia and Europe, Volume I and Volume II:


cistus

drawing his huge ungainly form from the soft cushion of moss, where the daisies and golden cistus flowers had shut their eyes for the night

Everywhere in spring the ground is carpeted with a profusion of wild-flowers, cistus and brown orchis, narcissus and the scarlet anemone; sometimes the forest scenery sweeps away, and leaves us among olive-grounds and orange-gardens arranged in formal, picturesque rows.

1876, John Richard Greene, Stray Studies from England and Italy:

There is as yet no evening-primrose to open suddenly, no cistus to drop its petals; but the May-flower knows the hour, and becomes more fragrant in the darkness, so that one can then often find it in the woods without aid from the eye.

1861, Various, Atlantic Monthly, Volume 7, Issue 42, April, 1861:

If the court had its clustering noisettes, and fraxinellas, and sweetbriar, and great tall white lilies, the moorland had its little creeping scented rose, its straggling honeysuckle, and an abundance of yellow cistus; and here and there a gray rock cropped out of the ground, and over it the yellow stone-crop and scarlet-leaved crane's-bill grew luxuriantly.

1851, Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, The Moorland Cottage:

A rockrose; a plant of the genus Cistus.


sweetwood

sweetwood (countable and uncountable, plural sweetwoods)

Laurus nobilis
Laurus nobilis#Translingual


prickwood

prickwood (usually uncountable, plural prickwoods)

From prick + wood, so named from the use of its wood for goads, skewers, and shoe pegs.

Euonymus europaeus
Euonymus europaeus#Translingual

(archaic) A shrub (Euonymus europaeus), the spindle tree.


pinedrops

A reddish herb (Pterospora andromedea) of the United States. It is mycoheterotrophic, and found in coniferous or mixed forests.


cytisus

From Ancient Greek κύτισος (kútisos), of unknown origin.

The goats eat cytisus and myrtle on the shore; a whole flock gathered round me as I sat beneath a tuft of golden green euphorbia the other day, and nibbled bread from my hands.

1914, John Symonds, Sketches and Studies in Italy and Greece, Complete:

His head leaning back on the cushions, his arms folded across his breast, Lavretsky gazed at the furrowed plains which opened fanwise before him, at the cytisus shrubs, at the crows and rooks which looked sideways at the passing carriage with dull suspicion, at the long ridges planted with mugwort, wormwood, and mountain ash.

The humming birds, which swarmed round the flowering cytisus and the beautiful water-fall, once more delighted the eye and the ear.

1827, George Tucker, A Voyage to the Moon:

Any flowering plant in the genus Cytisus.


mugweed

(now rare) A slender European weed (Galium cruciata); the crossweed.


seek-no-further

Any of a number of kinds of North American apples, such as the Rambo apple or the Westfield Seek-No-Further


buttonweed

Any of numerous species of plants with button-like flowers, especially:

Any of several plants of the genera Diodia and Diodella, of the madder family.

False buttonweed
false buttonweed#English

Velvetleaf, Indian mallow (Abutilon theophrasti).

Abutilon theophrasti
Abutilon theophrasti#Translingual

Dwarf mallow, common mallow (Malva neglecta).


blackroot

blackroot (countable and uncountable, plural blackroots)

Several North American plants with black roots of:

species Veronicastrum virginicum (Culver's root)


catchweed

catchweed (usually uncountable, plural catchweeds)

Galium aparine
Galium aparine#Translingual


palsywort

palsywort (usually uncountable, plural palsyworts)

From palsy + wort, from its supposed medicinal powers.

Primula veris
Primula veris#Translingual


tephrosia

Though the tephrosia is a powerful agent, and, if carried too far beyond the antagonistic action of the poison, is, I presume, not entirely without danger, I have never known any bad symptoms to arise from its use.

1866, American Journal of Pharmacy and the Sciences Supporting Public Health:

(botany) Any of the genus Tephrosia of leguminous shrubby plants and herbs.


lilly-pilly

An myrtaceous tree found in Australia (Syzygium smithii) with smooth ovate leaves and panicles of small white flowers.


woad-waxen

The woad waxen (Genista tinctoria), common enough near Salem, is seldom found inland, and the same holds good for the barberry and privet, which grow so abundantly near the coast and which have probably been introduced for two hundred years.

1898, Annual Report of the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture, Massachusetts State Board of Agriculture, Volume 45, Part 1897, page 273:

[…]but after a time he left the sages, and leaped above the mayweeds, the felt-wyrts, the savouries, and the woad-waxens.

1941, Eva Roe Gaggin, Down Ryton Water, published 1998, page 24:

Woad-waxen, which in modern English is wax-weed, was one of the plants of many virtues brought by the earliest Pilgrims,[…].

1981, S. N. F. Sanford, Country Herbs, page 20:

Genista tinctoria
Genista tinctoria#Translingual

The leguminous plant Genista tinctoria, native to Europe.


esparcet

From French esparcet, esparcette, éparcet, from Spanish esparceta, esparcilla.

(obsolete) common sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa)


skirret

skirret (countable and uncountable, plural skirrets)

From Dutch suikerwortel (literally “sugar-root”).

der

An umbelliferous plant (Sium sisarum), cultivated for its sweet edible tuberous roots.


foamflower

Any of the genus Tiarella of wildflowers and garden plants in the saxifrage family.


reinette

Coordinate term: pippin

Make choice of some small reinette apples, pare them, and prick them thoroughly with a coarse needle to render them as absorbent as possible; put them into a jar to stand inside a saucepan of boiling water, […]

1865, Georgiana Hill, How to Cook Apples: Shown in a Hundred Different Ways of Dressing that Fruit, page 48:

Then a flameproof casserole dish–preferably the flat type peculiar to Normandy–should be lined with sliced apple and onion. Reinette apples are supposed to be the best.

2011, Michael Bond, Monsieur Pamplemousse Hits the Headlines, Allison & Busby, →ISBN:

Any of various kinds of apple, mostly of French origin, characterized by russeting.


hulver

From Middle English hulver, hulfere, from Old Norse hulfr (“holly”), akin to English holly.


feverwort

en-noun

feverwort (countable and uncountable, plural feverworts)

Any of the genus Triosteum of plants, especially Triosteum perfoliatum


brankursine

From French branc-ursine, branch-ursine, from Latin branca (“claw”) + ursinus (“belonging to a bear”) (from ursus (“bear”)), i.e. "bear's claw", which its leaves resemble. Compare branch.

The roots and leaves of brankursine abound with a soft, insipid, mucilaginous substance; which is readily extracted by coction or infusion in water, and remains entire upon evaporating the liquid.

1784, William Lewis, An Experimental History of the Materia Medica, page 11:

The editor of the Wirtemberg Pharmacopoeia observes, that the leaves of acanthus brankursine or bears breech , give a more durable green tincture to spirit than those of any other herb.

1813, James Haigh, The Dier's Assistant in the Art of Dying and Woollen Goods, page 247:

The soil of Maremma was treacherous as Iago, and, though she made no count of it, her days were full of danger as the timid snipe's for whom the fox waits in the brushwood, and the muzzle of the gun slips through the reeds, and the hawk watches above the air, and the dog steals through the fennel and brankursine .

1882, Ouida (Marie Louise De la Ramée ), In Maremma, page 252:

Acanthus mollis
Acanthus mollis#Translingual

One of two species of acanthus, Acanthus spinosus or Acanthus mollis; bear's breech.


tickseed

From tick + seed, from tick (“the insect”).

A seed or fruit resembling a tick in shape, or in clinging to the skin or hair/fur.

A plant producing such seed or fruit, such as those in the genera:


beam tree

A tree (Aria edulis, syns. Sorbus aria, Pyrus aria) related to the apple.


munjeet

munjeet (usually uncountable, plural munjeets)

From Hindi मंजीठ (mañjīṭh), an alternative form of मजीठ (majīṭh), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀁𑀚𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀸 (maṃjiṭṭhā), from Sanskrit मञ्जिष्ठा (mañjiṣṭhā).

The colour of all is red; that of munjeet being a yellow, or orange red, that of the lac a bluish or crimson red, and that of the Bignonia a brown red.

1831, Appendix I: Dying Drugs from South America: Transactions of the Society of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce, volume XLVIII, page 190:

The stalks of the munjeet are very dry, light, and porous; the fracture exhibits a congeries of empty tubes. The powdered munjeet is composed of the thin and thick stalks mixed.

1853, James Napier, Chemistry Applied to Dyeing, page 389:

He states that the munjeet root contains as much colouring matter as the Rubia tinctorum, and, according to Mr. Higgins, of Manchester, it yields from 52 to 55 per cent. of a garancine; but as it has only half the dyeing power of ordinary garancine, it cannot be employed with advantage for this purpose.

1871, Crace Calvert, Cantor Lecture II: On Dyes and Dyestuffs other than Aniline: Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, volume 19, page 815:

Runge, who examined the tinctorial power of munjeet, concluded that it contained twice as much available colouring matter as madder; but later experiments have shown that the colouring power is actually less.

1918, Arthur George Perkin, Arthur Ernest Everest, The Natural Organic Colouring Matters, page 42:

Rubia cordifolia
Rubia cordifolia#Translingual

The plant Rubia cordifolia, or Indian madder; the dye extracted from the plant.


bully tree

Any of several West Indian trees of the family Sapotaceae of tropical trees that yield a milky sap.


rockrose

Any of various plants in the family Cistaceae.

(especially) Any species of the genus Helianthemum, low shrubs or herbs with yellow flowers, especially the European Helianthemum nummularium (syn. Helianthum vulgare) and the American frostweed, Helianthum canadense.


helianthemum

(botany) Any member of species of the genus Helianthemum of rockroses.


bilsted

There were scrub oaks, pines, persimmons and a group of bilsteds, or gum trees.

1892 August, Samuel Lockwood, “Why the Mocking Birds Left New Jersey—A Geological Reason”, in The American Naturalist:

Willow oak and bilsted are plentiful in Cape May and Atlantic counties .

1896, Geological Survey of New Jersey, Annual Report of the State Geologist for the year 1894, page 260:

In general appearance it resembled mahogany, being but slightly lighter in color and grain, and many old bilsted pieces are commonly mistaken for mahogany.

1916 December, Harold Donaldson Eberlein, Abbot McClure, “Mahogany”, in Suburban Life, the Countryside Magazine, page 278:

The primary wood is bilsted (gum wood), and was often used by the Dutch craftsmen of early New York.


bog rosemary

Andromeda polifolia
Andromeda polifolia#Translingual

Any shrub in the genus Andromeda, especially Andromeda polifolia.


rattlewort

From Middle English *ratelwort (attested only as Middle English ratele), from Old English hrætelwyrt (“rattlewort”), equivalent to rattle + wort (“plant, herb”).


rattleweed

w:Webster's Dictionary#Webster's New International Dictionary 1909

Baptisia arachnifera, an endangered legume native to the United States.

Clematis fremontii, a flowering plant in the buttercup family found in the United States.

Senna covesii, a perennial subshrub native to the United States and Mexico.


proteaceous

(botany) Of or relating to the large and varied family Proteaceae of plants, mostly found in South Afric or Australia.


sicklewort

A plant of the genus Coronilla (especially, Coronilla scorpioides), with curved pods.

Prunella vulgaris
Prunella vulgaris#Translingual


alehoof

From Middle English ale-hōve from ale (it was used in beer and ale before the introduction of hops) + hōve (“ground-ivy”) (from Old English hōfe (“ground-ivy”)).

Glechoma hederacea
Glechoma hederacea#Translingual


calisaya

calisaya (countable and uncountable, plural calisayas)

A valuable Peruvian bark obtained from Cinchona calisaya and closely related species, from which quinine is prepared.


cobaea

Any of the genus Cobaea of climbing plants, native to Mexico and South America.


sideroxylon

From the genus name. Philosophical use comes from Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, who used the Greek word even in German.

(botany) Any of the genus Sideroxylon of tropical sapotaceous trees noted for their very hard wood; ironwood.


calamander

calamander (usually uncountable, plural calamanders)

From Sinhalese [script needed] (kaḷu-madīriya), perhaps from Coromandel ebony (see coromandel), changed by association with Sinhalese කළු (kaḷu, “black”); or perhaps a metathetic variant of coromandel via Dutch kalamanderhout.

bor

A wood from India and Sri Lanka, of a hazel-brown color, with black stripes, very hard in texture. It is a kind of ebony obtained from species of Diospyros, especially Diospyros quaesita, used to make furniture.


shellbark

A hickory of species (Carya laciniosa), wihh outer bark loose and peeling.


hen's-foot

An umbelliferous plant, Caucalis platycarpos.


pinaster

Borrowed from Latin pīnaster (“a wild pine”).

Pinus pinaster
Pinus pinaster#Translingual

The maritime pine (species Pinus pinaster), that grows in southern Europe.


chinkapin

I was chased out of a chinkapin woods by a bull.

1952, Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man, Penguin Books (2014), page 417:


prickmadam

From French trique-madame. Compare Dutch tripmadam.

(dated) Any of several species of stonecrop, formerly used as ingredients of vermifuge medicines.


Bonchrétien

Any of several varieties of pear, such as the Williams pear.


scratchweed

en-noun

scratchweed (usually uncountable, plural scratchweeds)


baldmoney

Apparently a corruption of Latin valdē bona (“very good”) (a plant mentioned in Leonhart Fuchs's Great Herbal). Earliest forms seem to come from an intermediate, unattested French form baudemoine (modern French baudremoine) and by analogy to the plant name agrimony.

Gentius king of Illyria was the first founder of this herbe, and the first that used it in medicine, for which cause it was called Gentian after his own name: in Greek, γεντιανή, which name also the apothecaries retaine unto this daie, and call it Gentiana: it is named in English Felwoort Gentian; Bitterwoort; Baldmoyne, and Baldmoney.

1597, John Gerard, Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes, Chapter 100: Of Felwoort, or Baldmoney , pages 350–352:

(obsolete) A Gentianeae tribe plant, gentian or felwort.