hag

From Middle English hagge, hegge (“demon, old woman”), shortening of Old English hægtesse, hægtes (“harpy, witch”), from Proto-West Germanic *hagatussjā. Cognate with Saterland Frisian Häkse (“witch”), Dutch heks, German Hexe (“witch”). Doublet of hex.

A hagfish; one of various eel-like fish of the family Myxinidae, allied to the lamprey, with a suctorial mouth, labial appendages, and a single pair of gill openings.


pride

en-noun

pride (countable and uncountable, plural prides)

shame

antonym(s) of “a sense of one's own worth”

humility

antonym(s) of “proud or disdainful behavior”

From Middle English pryde, pride, from Old English prȳde, prȳte (“pride”) (compare Old Norse prýði (“bravery, pomp”)), derivative of Old English prūd (“proud”). More at proud. The verb derives from the noun, at least since the 12th century.

The quality or state of being proud; an unreasonable overestimation of one's own superiority in terms of talents, looks, wealth, importance etc., which comes across as being lofty, distant, and often showing contempt of others.

𒌨

quality or state of being proud; inordinate self-esteem; an unreasonable conceit of one's own superiority in talents, beauty, wealth, rank etc.


hagfish

hagfish (countable and uncountable, plural hagfish or hagfishes)

Any of several primitive eellike fish, of the family Myxinidae, having a sucking mouth with rasping teeth, and sometimes used as food or for eelskin leather.


borer

дървесен червей

a wood boring insect: the larval stage of the Anobium punctatum beetle

One of the many types of mollusc that bore into soft rock.


lamprey

lamprey (countable and uncountable, plural lampreys)

From Middle English laumprei, from Old French lampreie (modern French lamproie), from Medieval Latin lampreda, possibly alteration of Late Latin lampetra (“lamprey”), whose further origin is unknown, though it is traditionally thought to be a combination of lambō (“I lick, lap”) + petra (“stone, rock”). Doublet of limpet, which derives from Latin.

Any long slender primitive eel-like freshwater and saltwater fish of the order Petromyzontiformes, having a sucking mouth with rasping teeth but no jaw.


cyclostome

From translingual Cyclostomata, confer French cyclostome.

Except the cyclostomes, as the lampreys and sphagobranchiæ, which are not real fishes, as I shall show elsewhere.

1811, André Marie Constant Duméril, “On the Sense of Smell in Fishes”, in Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Arts, volume 29, page 344:

The Cyclostomes, or suckers, with regard to their skeletons, are the most imperfect of all the Vertebrates,

1835, William Kirby, On the Power Wisdom and Goodness of God, volume 2, William Pickering, page 390:

Any of various primitive jawless fish of the class Cyclostomata, such as the lamprey or hagfish.

rondbuŝulo

any of various primitive jawless fish of the class Cyclostomata


sea lamprey

Petromyzon marinus
Petromyzon marinus#Translingual

A parasitic lamprey found in Europe and North America, Petromyzon marinus.


European river lamprey

European river lamprey (plural European river lampreys)

Any lamprey of species Lampetra fluviatilis, of Europe.


river lamprey

European river lamprey
European river lamprey

European river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis).


brook lamprey

A small European lamprey, Lampetra planeri.


lamper

One who takes part in lamping, or hunting with bright lights.


lampern

From Middle English laumproun, adopted from Old French lampreon, diminutive of lampreie (“lamprey”).

[…]if thou woldest an eel or a laumprun holde with streite hondis, how myche strengerli thou thristis, so myche the sunnere it shal sliden awey.

1382, Wyclif's Bible, prologue to Job, page 671:

LAmprayes or Lampurnes bee partly of the nature of Eeles[…].

1589, Thomas Coghan, Haven of Health, published 1636, page 165:

The Lampern is called Petromyzon Fluviatilis, becauſe this fiſh at certain ſeaſons goes to the ſea.

1799, John Price, The Worcester Guide, page 55:

The Lampern, Lampetra fluviatilis, is white, with greenish back; it reaches a length of sixteen inches.

1936, Charles Tate Regan, Natural History, Ward Lock, page 194:

Lampetra fluviatilis (the lampern or river lamprey) undergoes a spawning migration in British rivers during the period between November and February, after which the animals spend from 4 to 6 months in fresh water prior to spawning.

1956, R. Morris, “The Osmoregulatory Ability of the Lampern (Lampetra fluviatilis L.) in Sea Water during the Course of Its Spawning Migration”, in Journal of Experimental Biology, volume 33, page 235:


agnathan

/ˈæɡ.nə.θən/

From Agnatha, from Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-, “without”) + γνάθος (gnáthos, “jaw”).

Haikouichthys is one of three species of jawless (or agnathan) fish to be found in the Early Cambrian period.

2005, Tim Haines, Paul Chambers, The Complete Guide to Prehistoric Life, BBC Books, page 20:

(zoology) Belonging or pertaining to the superclass Agnatha, the jawless vertebrates.


agnath

Evolution of vertebrates was accompanied by a gradual increase in oxygen availability, from the irrespirable atmosphere of the Precambrian to a PO₂ at 7 mmHg with the first vertebrates (agnaths), to the present sea level PO₂ value of 160 mmHg with the first reptiles.

1979, Stephen C. Wood, Evolution of Respiratory Processes, Marcel Dekker,, →ISBN, page 218:

The gnathostomes almost entirely replaced the agnaths, presumably because they were more effective fishes.

1996, George Christopher Williams, Adaptation and Natural Selection, Princeton University Press,, →ISBN, page 51:

Thus, although tunicates are presumably intermediate between flatworms and agnaths, the larval tunicate more closely resembles the flatworm and adult agnath.

2002, Harold J. Morowitz, The Emergence of Everything, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 113:


myxinid

Any member of the taxonomic class Myxini, the hagfish.


marsipobranch

One of the Marsipobranchia, a former classification roughly equivalent to the cyclostomes.


myxinoid

en-adj

myxinoid (comparative more myxinoid, superlative most myxinoid)

more myxinoid (comparative)
most myxinoid (superlative)

(zoology) pertaining to, the hagfish class Myxini.


petromyzont

(zoology) Any of the family Petromyzontidae of northern lampreys.


petromyzontid

(zoology) Any jawless fish in the family Petromyzontidae.


geotriid

(zoology) Any fish in the family Geotriidae.


mordaciid

(zoology) Any member of the family Mordaciidae of lampreys or the generally equivalent subfamily Mordaciinae of family Petromyzontidae.


psammosteid

Any extinct fish in the family Psammosteidae, which lived in the Devonian.


myxine

(zoology) Any member of the genus Myxine of hagfish.


galeaspid

From Latin galea (“helmet”) + aspis (from Ancient Greek ἀσπίς (aspís, “round shield”)); compare translingual †Galeaspida.

cog

An interesting example is provided by the “polybranchic” condition in extinct jawless vertebrate taxa, which display an extremely large number of gills, such as some early Devonian galeaspids and the late Devonian euphaneropids.

2007, David J. McKenzie, Anthony P. Farrell, Colin J. Brauner, Fish Physiology: Volume 26: Primitive Fishes, page 41:

The jawless fish (termed ‘agnathans’) evolved and flourished during the Silurian Period (435-410 million years ago). These included bizarre forms with weird bony head armours, such as the bizarre galeaspids from China and the pituriaspids from Australia.

2011, Jeffrey Stilwell, John Long, Frozen in Time: Prehistoric Life in Antarctica, page 64:

Some 70 million years after this particular galeaspid swam the oceans, fish made another evolutionary leap when they took to life on land.

2013 February 16, Jeff Hecht, “Evolution's detectives: Closing in on missing links”, in New Scientist, volume 217, number 2904, page 37:

Any of the extinct class †Galeaspida of jawless fish.


hyperoartian

(zoology) Any vertebrate of the class Hyperoartia


thelodont

clipping

translingual <i class="Latn mention" lang="mul">Thelodonti</i>

(zoology) Any extinct fish of the class Thelodonti, having small, spiny scales.


southern topeyed lamprey

en-noun

southern topeyed lamprey (plural southern topeyed lampreys)

A lamprey of the genus Mordacia, of Chile and Australia


southern lamprey

southern lamprey (plural southern lampreys)

A pouched lamprey (Geotria australis), of Australia


pouched lamprey

pouched lamprey (plural pouched lampreys)

A lamprey of Australia (Geotria australis), with an adult size of 0.5 meters.


sleepmarken

Unknown. Likely from Norwegian slepe (“drag”) + mark (“worm”). Attested from circa 1762; see quotations below.

3. Myxine glutinosa ["slepmark" or "pirål" in Norwegian], which Gunnerus has dissected himself, and where he had clearly observed the difference between the sexes. [The article published by Gunnerus was, "Om sleep-marken"].

1762 October 9, Johan Ernst Gunnerus, “Letter addressed to Carl Linnaeus”, in The Linnaean Correspondence, retrieved 2018-01-04:

Linné discussed the strange “lamprey” with Norwegian Bishop and naturalist Johan Ernst Gunnerus and they both classified it as a worm. In 1763, Gunnerus wrote about the creature and he then referred to it as a Sleep-Marken.

2011 December 19, Jancuk Jaran, “Hagfish”, in All Animals, retrieved 2018-01-04:

(uncommon) A hagfish, an eel-like marine fish, Myxine glutinosa.


amphiaspid

Any extinct agnathan of the taxon Amphiaspidida


agnathostome

Any jawless fish of the superclass Agnatha


pteraspidid

Any extinct jawless fish of the family †Pteraspididae


arandaspid

A member of the extinct class Arandaspidiformes of jawless fish that lived in the Ordovician.