goldeneye

/ˈɡəʊldənaɪ/

Any of several flowering plants of the subtribe Helianthinae.


common green lacewing

en-noun

common green lacewing (plural common green lacewings)

a particular species of green insect in the order Neuroptera, Chrysoperla carnea

a member of the genus Chrysoperla in general (the common green lacewing genus)


lacewing

From lace + wing. Possibly a calque of translingual Neuroptera.

We recently proposed a new genus of Thorny Lacewing (Insecta, Neuroptera, Rhachiberothidae) from the Eocene amber of France.

2005, Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 110, page 128:

The family Rachiberothidae has been of considerable controversy and has been considered at different times during its history as a subfamily of Berothidae (Tjeder, 1959), or even of Mantispidae (Willmann, 1990b, 1004b). The "thorny lacewings" generally resemble other berothids except in the raptorial forelegs, which are convergent with those of the mantispids. While thorny lacewings are today confined to sub-Saharan Africa (U. Aspock and Mansell, 1994; U. Aspöck and H. Aspöck, 1997), they were clearly distributed throughout the world in the Cretaceous and perhaps into the Tertiary as well, disappearing from other regions apparently during the Eocene-Oligocene transition.

2005, David Grimaldi, Evolution of the Insects, page 356:

As an extinct clade, many species of the saucrosmylids were erected just based on a single fore- or hindwing, and it should be realized that providing more stable characters is necessary when describing new lacewing taxa just based on an isolated hindwing.

2015 October 21, “Familial Clarification of Saucrosmylidae stat. nov. and New Saucrosmylids from Daohugou, China (Insecta, Neuroptera)”, in PLOS ONE, →DOI:

Any of a number of gauzy-winged insects of certain families within the order Neuroptera.

Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genus Cethosia (order Lepidoptera).


antlion

Any of various species of insects, many of them nocturnal, in the family Myrmeleontidae. The adults superficially resemble the unrelated damselflies. The larvae bury themselves in sand below a cone-shaped pit in which they trap insects such as ants.


doodlebug

LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-doodlebug.wav

Soon after Richard was adopted, Orwell's flat was wrecked by a doodlebug.

2009, Robert McCrum, The masterpiece that killed George Orwell:

(informal, British) The V-1 flying bomb.

(historical, "doodlebug tractor") An automobile converted into a cheap tractor for a small farm during the Second World War.

(entomology) An antlion larva (Myrmeleontidae).

(entomology, UK) A cockchafer (genus Melolontha).

(obsolete) Individual self-propelled train cars.


nymphid

M. nebulosus, the only nymphid so far described from New Guinea, is considerably larger than others of this genus, and is distinct on wing markings and (from those known) on male genitalic features.

1981, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Australian Journal of Zoology, volume 29, page 742:

Trichosors are probably plesiomorphic, being retained only by nymphids.

1992, Horst Aspöck, Mervyn W. Mansell, Current Research in Neuropterology: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Neuropterology, Bagnères-de-Luchon, Haute-Garonne, France, 24-27 June 1991, page 239:

This rarity seems to be a general feature of most nymphid species, only two of which - Nymphes myrmeleonides and Myiodactylus osmyloides - appear to be encountered with any regularity.

1998, Journal of Neuropterology, volumes 1-2, page 80:

Characteristically, the larvae hold their jaws open at very wide angles; some New World species resemble nymphids in being able to open their jaws beyond 270°.

2009, Catherine A. Tauber, Maurice J. Tauber, Gilberto S. Albuquerque, “Neuroptera (Lacewings, Antlions)”, in Vincent H. Resh, Ring T. Cardé, editors, Encyclopedia of Insects, page 701:

split-footed lacewing
split-footed lacewing

(zoology) Any winged insect of the family Nymphidae, a split-footed lacewing.


hemerobiid

Recent hemerobiids (brown lacewings) are terrestrial insects and both adults and larvae prey on small soft-bodied arthropods.

1977, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History): Geology series, volume 33, page 259:

Hemerobiids often are active at relatively low temperatures; thus they can be useful as biological control agents in temperate regions early in the season when other natural enemies remain inactive.

2009, Catherine A. Tauber, Maurice J. Tauber, Gilberto S. Albuquerque, “Neuroptera (Lacewings, Antlions)”, in Vincent H. Resh, Ring T. Cardé, editors, Encyclopedia of Insects, page 705:

Coccinellid beetles and hemerobiids (brown lacewings), and other such predators are most likely to have a major impact on aphid densities.

2010, Claire Ozanne, “Chapter 9: Insect pests of some forest trees”, in Bryan G. Bowes, editor, Trees and Forests, page 180:

(zoology) Any insect of the brown lacewing family (Hemerobiidae).


neuropteran

Any insect of the order Neuroptera, having four large and membranous wings.

lacewing

used to refer to all members of the order


hemerobian

(zoology) Any of the genus Hemerobius of lacewings.


ascalaphid

(entomology) Any member of the family Ascalaphidae of owlflies.


berothid

In about one to three minutes, the termite collapses, paralyzed. After waiting another minute or so, the berothid moves in to feed at its leisure, which it can afford to do, since the termite remains motionless and paralyzed for up to three hours, whereupon it expires whether it's eaten or not.

1993, May Berenbaum, Ninety-nine More Maggots, Mites, and Munchers, page 124:

Berothids, beaded lacewings, are fairly common in the warmer parts of North America where termites are abundant.

2002, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, page 186:

Information on larval morphology, especially of African berothids, remains almost unknown (New 1986; Minter 1990).

2006, Entomological Society of Southern Africa, African Entomology: Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, volume 14, page 1:

(zoology) Any insect of the beaded lacewing family, Berothidae.


chrysopid

The method encouraged the chrysopids and coccinellids to lay eggs before or at the very beginning of the aphid build-up and thus prevented aphid populations from attaining damaging levels.

1976, M. Mackauer, M. J. Way, “4: Myzus persicae Sulz., an aphid of world importance”, in V. L. Delucchi, editor, Studies in Biological Control, page 103:

2007, M. Campos, Chapter 28: Lacewings in Andalusian olive orchards, P. K. McEwen, T. R. New, A. E. Whittington (editors), Lacewings in the Crop Environment, page 492,
However, numerous studies have been conducted on chrysopids, given that lacewing larvae are major oophagous predators of the olive moth (Montiel Bueno, 1981; Ramos et al., 1983a, b).

Still, the most studied taxa within this order are the chrysopids, and most adult green lacewings are glucophagous to some degree.

2009, Jonathan G. Lundgren, Relationships of Natural Enemies and Non-prey Foods, page 30:

(zoology) Any species of the green lacewing family Chrysopidae.


coniopterygid

The coniopterygid, Conwentzia africana Meinander, is considered to be one of the most important predators of B.^([Bemisia]) tabaci in East and southern Africa, and has been observed feeding directly on nymphs in Malawi and Kenya (D. Gerling, personal records) as well as in Uganda (Legg, 1995).

2003, J. Legg, D. Gerling, P. Neuenschwander, “6: Biological Control of Whiteflies in Sub-Saharan Africa”, in Peter Neuenschwander, Christian Borgemeister, Juergen Langewald, editors, Biological Control in IPM Systems in Africa, page 92:

Because of their small size and cryptic nature, coniopterygids are generally overlooked and thus considered rare.[…]The life histories of very few coniopterygid species are known.

2009, Catherine A. Tauber, Maurice J. Tauber, Gilberto S. Albuquerque, “Neuroptera (Antlions, Lacewings)”, in Vincent H. Resh, Ring T. Cardé, editors, Encyclopedia of Insects, page 705:

Coniopterygids in the genus Conwentzia may prey on spider mites, but dense webbing can be detrimental to survival of larvae.

2011, Marjorie A. Hoy, Agricultural Acarology: Introduction to Integrated Mite Management, page 201:

(zoology) Any insect of the dustywing family, Coniopterygidae.


dilarid

In the laboratory, however, larval dilarids have been reared on a variety of disabled, sofy-bodied insect prey (MacLeod and Spiegler 1961).

1992, Diomedes Quintero, Annette Aiello, editors, Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: Selected Studies, page 450:

Given the abundance of Early Cretaceous records for other families in the dilarid clade as well as the basal phylogenetic position of pleasing lacewings within this lineage, the dilarids are presumably rather ancient, perhaps relict today.

2005, David Grimaldi, Evolution of the Insects, page 353:

The adult morphological data suggest that these events were followed by the separation of two lineages—one that includes the Coniopterygidae + the dilarid-like families and another encompassing the remainder of the hemerobiiform families and another encompassing the remainder of the hemerobiiform families + the Myrmeleontiformia.

(zoology) Any insect of the pleasing lacewing family, Dilaridae.


ithonid

The second, and most important, event was the publication of his first scientific paper (Adams 1950) - a short note on the rare North American ithonid Oliarces clara Banks.

1998, Journal of Neuropterology, volumes 1-2, page 76:

Like the ithonids, they appear to be an isolated and ancient family.

2005, Cedric Gillott, Entomology, 3rd edition, page 302:

2008, Lionel Stange, Lacewings, Antlions and Mantispids (Neuroptera), John L. Capinera, Encyclopedia of Entomology, Volume 4, page 2105,
Some species of ithonids (Ithone, Megalithone and Oliarces) have been observed swarming in vast numbers for short periods of time.

(zoology) Any insect of the moth lacewing family Ithonidae.


myrmeleontid

(zoology) Any antlion in the Myrmeleontidae.


nemopterid

(zoology) Any member of the Nemopteridae.


nevrorthid

(zoology) Any lacewing in the family Nevrorthidae.


osmylid

(zoology) Any lacewing in the family Osmylidae.


polystoechotid

If L. lineata is considered a polystoechotid, then the position of the primary fork of MP does not necessarily indicate that the two specimens are forewings[…].

1987, Ronald Hamlyn-Harris, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, volume 25, page 446:

Polystoechotids, or giant lacewings, are among the largest of North American neuropterans, and among the least known.

1997, Walter Creighton Brown, Species of the Guentheri group of Platymantis (Amphibia: Ranidae) from the Philippines: Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, volume 50, page 87:

Many have been collected around camp fires. Polystoechotids are also taken at lights in remote areas.

2002, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, page 175:

(zoology) Any insect of the giant lacewing family, Polystoechotidae.


psychopsid

Some of the Australian specimens are classified with the psychopsids (family Psychopsidae), an alder fly group occurring solely in Australia, where it is known as the silky lace-wing due to the brilliantly colored wings and the long, silky hair.

1976, Bernhard Grzimek, Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Evolution, page 265:

As will be repeatedly seen in many Neuroptera families, psychopsids had a wider distribution during the Mesozoic and Tertiary.

2005, David Grimaldi, Evolution of the Insects, page 342:

While many fossil psychopsids were recorded from the Mesozoic, few representatives have been described from the Tertiary.

2011, Yuanyuan Peng, Vladimir N. Makarkin, Xiaodong Wang, Dong Ren, “A new fossil silky lacewing genus (Neuroptera, Psychopsidae) from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China”, in Dmitry Shcherbakov, editor, Advances in the Systematics of Fossil and Modern Insects, page 218:

(zoology) Any insect of the silky lacewing family, Psychopsidae.


rapismatid

(zoology) Any insect in the family Rapismatidaea, a synonym of the Ithonidae.


rhachiberothid

(zoology) Any neuropteran insect in the family Rhachiberothidae.


sisyrid

(zoology) Any spongillafly in the family Sisyridae.


green lacewing

Green lacewings eat red spiders, aphids, mealy bugs, thrips, scale, and more.

1995, Laurie Carlson, Green Thumbs: A Kid's Activity Guide to Indoor and Outdoor Gardening, page 55:

Several species of green lacewings are native to this region, all general predators that feed on a wide variety of insect pests.

1998, Whitney Cranshaw, Pests of the West: Prevention and Control for Today's Garden and Small Farm, page 24:

2007, M. Canard, Natural Food and Feeding Habits of Lacewings, P. K. McEwen, T. R. New, A. E. Whittington (editors), Lacewings in the Crop Environment, page 120,
Most adult green lacewings have a glycophagous diet.

Any insect of the family Chrysopidae, a chrysopid.


beaded lacewing

beaded lacewing (plural beaded lacewings)

Pleasing lacewings (Dilaridae) carry their hairy wings outstretched at rest and resemble small moths; beaded lacewings (Berothidae) look like caddis flies.

1985, The Encyclopedia Americana, volume 1, page 645:

Extant beaded lacewings are rare, slender, small to medium insects that have a worldwide distribution.

2001, George O. Poinar, Raif Milki, Lebanese Amber: The Oldest Insect Ecosystem in Fossilized Resin, page 40:

The family Berothidae, or beaded lacewings, is another family (about 110 species) of small (forewing length 6-15 mm), delicate lacewings occurring on all continents (except Antarctica).

2008, Lionel Stange, “Lacewings Antlions and Mantispids (Neuroptera)”, in John L. Capinera, editor, Encyclopedia of Entomology, volume 4, page 2106:


pleasing lacewing

pleasing lacewing (plural pleasing lacewings)

Adams (1970) divides pleasing lacewings into two subfamilies, based on profound differences in male claspers.

1992, Diomedes Quintero, Annette Aiello, Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica: Selected Studies, page 450:

A single, rare species of pleasing lacewing, Nallachius americanus (MacLachlan), occurs in the southern parts of the Great Lakes region.

1996, Gary A. Dunn, Insects of the Great Lakes Region, page 154:

2006, Encyclopedia Americana, volume 1, page 645:


thorny lacewing

thorny lacewing (plural thorny lacewings)

We recently proposed a new genus of Thorny Lacewing (Insecta, Neuroptera, Rhachiberothidae) from the Eocene amber of France.

2005, Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 110, page 128:

The family Rachiberothidae has been of considerable controversy and has been considered at different times during its history as a subfamily of Berothidae (Tjeder, 1959), or even of Mantispidae (Willmann, 1990b, 1004b). The "thorny lacewings" generally resemble other berothids except in the raptorial forelegs, which are convergent with those of the mantispids. While thorny lacewings are today confined to sub-Saharan Africa (U. Aspock and Mansell, 1994; U. Aspöck and H. Aspöck, 1997), they were clearly distributed throughout the world in the Cretaceous and perhaps into the Tertiary as well, disappearing from other regions apparently during the Eocene-Oligocene transition.

2005, David Grimaldi, Evolution of the Insects, page 356:

The hemerobiiformia is the most diverse group of Neuroptera and comprises 11 Recent families: Polystoechotidae (giant lacewings), Ithonidae (moth lacewings), Osmylidae (osmylids), Chrysopiidae (green lacewings), Hemerobiidae (brown lacewings), Coniopterygidae (dusty lacewings), Sysiridae (spongillaflies), Dilaridae (pleasing lacewings), Mantispidae (mantispids), Rachiberothidae (thorny lacewings) and Berothidae (beaded lacewings).

2007, “11: Insects of the Crato Formation”, in David M. Martill, Günter Bechly, Robert F. Loveridge, editors, The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil: Window Into an Ancient World, page 335:

Any insect of the family Rachiberothidae.


moth lacewing

He was also a great collector of the Moth-Lacewings, and the Silky-Lacewings, one of which, a small and delicate species, Psychopsella gallardi, was named in honour of him.

1936, Australian Museum Trust, Nature in Australia, page 145:

Moth lacewings, family Ithonidae, are dull-coloured and resemble moths; they have mass flights at dusk in summer and autumn.

1971, John Child, John E. B. Currey, Australia's insects, page 32:

Cheeseweed moth lacewing (Oliarces clara) is a federal sensitive species.

2000, Salton Sea Restoration Project: Environmental Impact Statement, page 1:

The most significant aspects of this work were (a) placement of Ithonidae (moth lacewings) not as the closest relative of remaining neuropterans but rather in a more derived position closer to Myrmeleontiformia and (b) the placement of Nevrorthidae, instead, as the earliest-branching family.

2009, Shaun L. Winterton, Brian M. Wiegmann, “Lacewings (Neuroptera)”, in S. Blair Hedges, Sudhir Kumar, editors, The Timetree of Life, page 290:


giant lacewing

Judging by the material in Canadian insect collections, the giant lacewing, Polystoechotes punctatus, was a common insect in Ontario 50 years ago.

1995, Toronto Entomologists' Association, Ontario Insects, volumes 1-4, page 20:

The punctured giant lacewing, Polystoechotes punctatus (Fabricius), the largest lacewing (greater than 35 mm) to inhabit the Great Lakes region, is quite rare.

The giant lacewings, family Polystoechotidae, comprise three or four extant and highly disjunct species restricted to the New World: Polystoechotes in Chile and North America (Figure 9.14), Platystoechotes in California, and Fontecilla in Chile (Carpenter, 1940; Oswald, 1998a).

2005, David Grimaldi, Evolution of the Insects, page 349:

Any insect of the family Polystoechotidae.


spoon-winged lacewing

spoon-winged lacewing (plural spoon-winged lacewings)

1974, M. W. Mansell, “Biology of Spoon-Winged Lacewings (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae)”, in Proceedings of the ... Congress of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, volumes 1-6, page 47:

The Myrmeleontiformia include antlions (Myrmeleontidae), owlflies (Ascalaphidae), spoon-winged lacewings (Nemopteridae), and two additional, rather obscure families.

2004, Michael F. Whitimg, “21: Phylogeny of the Holometabolous Insects: The Most Successful Group of Terrestrial Organisms”, in Joel Cracraft, Michael J. Donoghue, editors, Assembling the Tree of Life, page 351:

The spoon-winged lacewing, a neuropteran, has been reported as having specialist pollen- and nectarfeeding mouthparts (Krenn et al. 2008) and to be a proficient flower visitor, selecting Brassicaceae and Asteraceae, but especially Achillea.

2011, Pat Willmer, Pollination and Floral Ecology, page 302:


silky lacewing

The beautiful silky lacewings (Psychopsidae) have their headquarters in Australia, where some 12 species have been described.

1983, Grolier Society of Australia, The Australian Encyclopaedia, volume 6, page 45:

Psychopsidae, the silky lacewings, is clearly the most plesiomorphic family of the superfamily, with 26 species conforming to an early Gondwanan distribution in South Africa, Australia, and parts of Asia.

1997, Charles S. Henry, “11: Modern mating systems in archaic Holometabola: sexuality in neuropterid insects”, in Jae C. Choe, Bernard J. Crespi, editors, The Evolution of Mating Systems in Insects and Arachnids, page 204:

The suborder consists of five extant families; the Psychopsidae (silky lacewings), Nemopteridae (spoon- or thread- winged lacewings), Nymphidae (split-footed lacewings), Myrmeleontidae (antlions), and Ascalaphidae (owlflies).

2005, David Grimaldi, Evolution of the Insects, page 342:

(zoology) Any insect of the family Psychopsidae.


mantisfly

Any species of insects in the family Mantispidae, which have heads and front legs looking like those of the praying mantis.


spoonwing

Any neuropteran insect of the family Nemopteridae.


saucrosmylid

Any lacewing of the family Saucrosmylidae.


spongillafly

Any insect in the neuropteran family Sisyridae, whose aquatic larvae feed on freshwater organism such as sponges in the genus Spongilla and bryozoans.


myrmeleontoid

(entomology) A lacewing in the superfamily Myrmeleontoidea.


mealywing

The silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci).