in

From Latin inde (“thence”). Cognate with Catalan en, French en, Italian ne.

Vô-t di pām? A t’in dāg dû.

Do you want some apples? I will give you two (of them).

A t’in avîva descòurs ajêr.

A sòun stùf, a m’in vāg.


i

From Latin illī (“they”) (nominative plural of ille).

j- (alternative before-vowel)
-i (alternative)
-j (alternative)


ge

From Latin illī (nominative plural and dative singular of ille). Cognate with Catalan li and Italian gli.

Al ge xîva njînta.


ge

From Latin hīc (“here”). Cognate with Catalan hi, French y, Italian ci.

Al ge màt dèinter dl’akwa.


la

From Latin illa(m), feminine form of ille.


ló

From Late Latin illūi, from Latin illī (dative singular of ille), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognates include French lui.


-n

Manjēn un pōk!

(enclitic, after a vowel) Alternative form of in


tè

From Latin tē (accusative of tū), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ or *tū. Cognates include French toi.


-en

Mānjen un pōk!

(enclitic, after a consonant) Alternative form of in


-t

(enclitic, after a vowel) Alternative form of et

(enclitic, after a vowel) Alternative form of te


-et

(enclitic, after a consonant) Alternative form of et

(enclitic, after a consonant) Alternative form of te


lê

From Latin illa (feminine of ille), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognates include French elle.


mè

From Latin mē (accusative of ego), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(e)me-, *(e)me-n- (“me”). Cognates include French moi.


n-

A-g n-ò dimándi.


-eg

J-eg vān edmān.

They go there tomorrow. (imperative, singular)

J-eg dān da fêr.

(enclitic, after a consonant) Alternative form of ge


-g

A-g vag edmān.

I’m going there tomorrow. (imperative, plural)

A-g pôrt di munjêgi.

(enclitic, after a vowel) Alternative form of ge


lôr

From Latin illōrum (genitive masculine plural of ille) ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognates include French leur.


kwàst

head

kwàst m (feminine singular kwàsta, masculine plural kwíst, feminine plural kwísti)

kwàsta (feminine singular)
kwíst (masculine plural)
kwísti (feminine plural)


kwál

kwál m (feminine singular kwála, masculine plural kwî, feminine plural kwíli)

kwála (feminine singular)
kwî (masculine plural)
kwíli (feminine plural)

(in conjunction with lè) that (medial deixis)

(in conjunction with là) that, yon (distal deixis)


nōsk

From Vulgar Latin nōscum, from Latin nōbīscum.


vōsk

From Vulgar Latin vōscum, from Latin vōbīscum.


nuēter

From Latin nōs (“we”) + alter (“other”).


vuēter

From Latin vōs (“you”) + alter (“other”).


g’

A g’andám edmān.

La g’à parlê.