ds

s-p-d-M44-Y1-d-s-W-T30:Z2-r-t:h-rd-D54-m:a-t:n-T14-G41-nDs-D35:n-H-Hn-n:D54-D35-i-s-Hr-Z1-z:p-zp:f

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.2–1.3

Sharp are the knives against one who transgresses the path; there is no haste except at its proper time.


pr

Demotic: (pr)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲉⲣ- (per-), -ⲡⲱⲣ (-pōr)

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE

Possibly from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *par- (“house”). Compare also Proto-Berber *farr (“enclosure”).

aHa-a:n-D:d-n:f-n:A1-s-n:b*t-zp:y-n:D-z:nDs-A1-r-pr-Z1-k\
ꜥḥꜥ.n ḏd.n.f n.j snb.t(j) zpwj snwj nḏs r pr.k

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) line 158

Then he said to me, Safe travels, safe travels, little man, to your house!

household, inhabitants of a house collectively

property collectively, possessions, estate

(Late Egyptian) garden or estate as a piece of land

(of gods) temple property and administration, temple estate

(usually with qualifying word) building with some other particular use

case, chest, holder (for ointments, bows, mirrors, etc.)


sm

s-m-M21 2-lit. (canonical)
sm (infinitive)
smw (infinitive negative)
sm (infinitive negative)
smt (infinitive)
sm (imperative infinitive singular)
j.sm (imperative infinitive singular)
sm (imperative infinitive plural)
j.sm (imperative infinitive plural)
sm (stative)
ḥr sm (imperfective)
m sm (imperfective)
r sm (prospective)
sm.n (active perfect)
smw (passive perfect)
sm (passive perfect)
sm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
smt (terminative)
sm (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sm.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sm (active imperfective)
j.sm (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sm (active prospective)
smm (passive prospective)
sm.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sm (active subjunctive)
j.sm (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sm.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sm (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sm (active participle perfective)
smm (participle passive perfective)
smmj (participle passive perfective)
sm (participle passive perfective)
smw (participle passive perfective)
smy (participle passive perfective)
j.sm (active imperfective participle relative)
sm (active imperfective participle relative)
smy (active imperfective participle relative)
smw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.sm (active imperfective participle)
j.smw (active imperfective participle)
sm (active imperfective participle)
smj (active imperfective participle)
smy (active imperfective participle)
sm (imperfective participle passive)
smw (imperfective participle passive)
sm (active participle prospective relative)
smtj (active participle prospective relative)
smtj (participle prospective)
smt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

smt

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.

(transitive) to help or succour (someone)


sm

s-m (canonical masculine)
sm (singular)
smwj (dual)
smw (plural)

a type of priest that played a role in funerary ritual, notably performing the opening of the mouth ceremony


sr

s-r-E27-A2 2-lit. (canonical)
sr (infinitive)
srw (infinitive negative)
sr (infinitive negative)
srt (infinitive)
sr (imperative infinitive singular)
j.sr (imperative infinitive singular)
sr (imperative infinitive plural)
j.sr (imperative infinitive plural)
sr (stative)
ḥr sr (imperfective)
m sr (imperfective)
r sr (prospective)
sr.n (active perfect)
srw (passive perfect)
sr (passive perfect)
sr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
srt (terminative)
sr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sr (active imperfective)
j.sr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sr (active prospective)
srr (passive prospective)
sr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sr (active subjunctive)
j.sr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sr (active participle perfective)
srr (participle passive perfective)
srrj (participle passive perfective)
sr (participle passive perfective)
srw (participle passive perfective)
sry (participle passive perfective)
j.sr (active imperfective participle relative)
sr (active imperfective participle relative)
sry (active imperfective participle relative)
srw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.sr (active imperfective participle)
j.srw (active imperfective participle)
sr (active imperfective participle)
srj (active imperfective participle)
sry (active imperfective participle)
sr (imperfective participle passive)
srw (imperfective participle passive)
sr (active participle prospective relative)
srtj (active participle prospective relative)
srtj (participle prospective)
srt (participle prospective)

z:r-E20-A2-s-n:Z2-D:a-P5-D35-ii-i-t:D54-n:S-n:y-E20-A24-D35:xpr-r&t:f

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 30–32

They could predict a stormwind before it came or a thunderstorm before it happened.


sr

Demotic: srj

Coptic: ⲥⲓⲟⲩⲣ (siour, “eunuch”)


sr

Coptic: ⲥⲓⲣ (sir)


mn

mn:n 2-lit. (canonical)
mn (infinitive)
mnw (infinitive negative)
mn (infinitive negative)
mnt (infinitive)
mn (imperative infinitive singular)
j.mn (imperative infinitive singular)
mn (imperative infinitive plural)
j.mn (imperative infinitive plural)
mn (stative)
ḥr mn (imperfective)
m mn (imperfective)
r mn (prospective)
mn.n (active perfect)
mn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
mnt (active terminative)
mn (active perfective)
mn.ḫr (active obligative)
mn (active imperfective)
j.mn (active imperfective)
mn (active prospective)
mn.kꜣ (active potential)
mn (active subjunctive)
j.mn (active subjunctive)
mn.n (active participle perfect)
mn (active participle perfective)
mnn (participle passive perfective)
mnnj (participle passive perfective)
mn (participle passive perfective)
mnw (participle passive perfective)
mny (participle passive perfective)
j.mn (active imperfective participle)
mn (active imperfective participle)
mny (active imperfective participle)
mnw (active imperfective participle)
j.mnw (active imperfective participle)
mnj (active imperfective participle)
mn (imperfective participle passive)
mnw (imperfective participle passive)
mn (active participle prospective)
mntj (active participle prospective)
mntj (participle prospective)
mnt (participle prospective)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲛ (moun)

t*F7:Htp-n:s-st-t*pr:z-f:Aw-w-mn:n:Y1-r:h*p-w-Y1:Z2:f
šfyt ḥtp.n.s st.s fꜣw mn(.w) r hpw.f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 22–23

Dignity, it has taken its seat, and magnificence is established according to his laws.

(intransitive) to be(come) established, to be(come) fixed or set

(intransitive) to stick, to stay, to remain fixed, to endure (+ m: in (a place), as (a role); + ḥr: on (a seat, throne, foundation, etc.), in (one’s rightful place); + ẖr: with, having)

(intransitive, of the heart/mind) to be firm, steadfast, unwavering, stouthearted, especially in battle

(intransitive, of the legs or feet) to be firm of step, steadfast

(intransitive, Late Egyptian, mathematics) to be(come) left over, to be(come) the remainder or amount remaining


mn

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲁⲛ (man)

substitute for an unknown male name; so-and-so, N.N.


mn

mn:n-nDs 2-lit. (canonical)
mn (infinitive)
mnw (infinitive negative)
mn (infinitive negative)
mnt (infinitive)
mn (imperative infinitive singular)
j.mn (imperative infinitive singular)
mn (imperative infinitive plural)
j.mn (imperative infinitive plural)
mn (stative)
ḥr mn (imperfective)
m mn (imperfective)
r mn (prospective)
mn.n (active perfect)
mnw (passive perfect)
mn (passive perfect)
mn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
mnt (terminative)
mn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
mn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
mn (active imperfective)
j.mn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
mn (active prospective)
mnn (passive prospective)
mn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
mn (active subjunctive)
j.mn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
mn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
mn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
mn (active participle perfective)
mnn (participle passive perfective)
mnnj (participle passive perfective)
mn (participle passive perfective)
mnw (participle passive perfective)
mny (participle passive perfective)
j.mn (active imperfective participle relative)
mn (active imperfective participle relative)
mny (active imperfective participle relative)
mnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.mn (active imperfective participle)
j.mnw (active imperfective participle)
mn (active imperfective participle)
mnj (active imperfective participle)
mny (active imperfective participle)
mn (imperfective participle passive)
mnw (imperfective participle passive)
mn (active participle prospective relative)
mntj (active participle prospective relative)
mntj (participle prospective)
mnt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to suffer from (an ailment)

(transitive) to feel pain or have an ailment in (a body part)

(transitive) to be troubled about (something)


nb

nb (masculine singular)
nbt (feminine singular)
nbwj (dual masculine)
nbtj (dual feminine)
nbw (masculine plural)
nbwt (feminine plural)
nbt (feminine plural)

Demotic: (nb)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲛⲓⲙ (nim)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲓⲃⲉⲛ (niben)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲛⲓⲃⲓ (nibi)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲛⲓⲙ (nim)

Oxyrhynchite Coptic: ⲛⲓⲙ (nim)

Coptic Dialect P: ⲛⲓⲃ (nib)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲓⲙ (nim)


nb

Demotic: (nb)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲏⲃ (nēb)

Old Coptic: ⲛⲏⲃ (nēb)

Ehret attempts to derive this term from a Proto-Afroasiatic *ruub- (“to send”); as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking, and in this case the derivation is not particularly plausible.

Q1-ir:nb-A40-Dd-Dd-w-O49:t*Z1-nTr-aA
wsjr nb-ḏdw nṯr-ꜥꜣ […]

12th Dynasty, Stela of Nakhti, British Museum EA 143

Osiris, Lord of Djedu, the elder god […]

E9-w-i-i-t:nDs-O35:nDs-s-y:E9-w-r:ww-D54-tA:m-Htp:Z2-Xr:r-nb:Z1:f
jwyt zb(.w) sjw(w) rw.w tꜣ m ḥtpw ẖr nb.f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 23

Wrongdoing has gone, the Slanderer has departed, and the land is in peace under its lord.

lord, master, ruler (of a place or people)

(without following genitive noun, often as a term of address) master, superior

s-mn:n:Y1-mAat-n:nb:z-r:a-w-Aa18*Z1:r-i-s-f:t:nDs

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 23–24

Righteousness has been established for its possessor, and the back is turned on wrong.

an epithet of various gods, especially Osiris


nb

Demotic:  (nby),  (nbe.t)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲛⲁⲃⲉ (nabe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲃⲓ (nobi)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲛⲁⲃⲓ (nabi), ⲛⲁϥⲓ (nafi)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲛⲁⲃⲉ (nabe)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲃⲉ (nobe)

From m- (noun-forming prefix) + *bw(j) (“abomination”) with regular dissimilation of m- to n- before a labial; for the stem, compare bwt (“abomination”), bwj (“to abominate”).


nb

Alternative transliteration of nbw (“gold”).


jr

Sentence-initial form of r (“regarding, with respect to, if”)


jr

Abbreviation of jrj (“regarding it, with respect to it”).


jr

Abbreviation of jrj (“pertaining (to)”).


jr

Alternative transliteration of jrj (“to make, to do”).


ms

ms-s-Xrd (canonical masculine)
ms (singular)
mswj (dual)
msw (plural)

Demotic: ms

Coptic: ⲙⲁⲥ (mas)


ms

Demotic: ms

Coptic: ⲙⲁⲥⲉ (mase)


ms

surely; can connote particular persuasiveness, astonishment, reproach, or objection


hr

h:r-D40 2-lit. (canonical)
hr (infinitive)
hrw (infinitive negative)
hr (infinitive negative)
hrt (infinitive)
hr (imperative infinitive singular)
j.hr (imperative infinitive singular)
hr (imperative infinitive plural)
j.hr (imperative infinitive plural)
hr (stative)
ḥr hr (imperfective)
m hr (imperfective)
r hr (prospective)
hr.n (active perfect)
hrw (passive perfect)
hr (passive perfect)
hr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
hrt (terminative)
hr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
hr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
hr (active imperfective)
j.hr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
hr (active prospective)
hrr (passive prospective)
hr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
hr (active subjunctive)
j.hr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
hr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
hr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
hr (active participle perfective)
hrr (participle passive perfective)
hrrj (participle passive perfective)
hr (participle passive perfective)
hrw (participle passive perfective)
hry (participle passive perfective)
j.hr (active imperfective participle relative)
hr (active imperfective participle relative)
hry (active imperfective participle relative)
hrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.hr (active imperfective participle)
j.hrw (active imperfective participle)
hr (active imperfective participle)
hrj (active imperfective participle)
hry (active imperfective participle)
hr (imperfective participle passive)
hrw (imperfective participle passive)
hr (active participle prospective relative)
hrtj (active participle prospective relative)
hrtj (participle prospective)
hrt (participle prospective)

Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲱⲣ- (hōr-)

Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲱⲣ (hōr)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲱⲣ (hōr), ϩⲉⲣ- (her-), ϩⲣ- (hr-)


tr

Demotic: tꜣ, ṯꜣ

Coptic: ⲧⲏ (tē), ⲧⲉ (te)

point or span of time, particular time (+ genitive: time of (a season, a part of the day, a date, a festival, an event, etc.))

duration of time (+ genitive: lasting, consisting of (some measure))

-X:z-nDs:A1-p-W-H-Hn-n:t-I3-A24-n:X-t*Z1:f-s-wA-A-N31-t:*r-M6-ra-!-s-m-x-D35:n-f-w-s-t:n-D54-X:t*Z1-m-pr-Z1-s-n:Z2

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.6–1.7

He who is greedy for the sake of his belly when the proper time passes, having forgotten those in whose house his belly roams free, is a wretch.

ẖz pw ḥnt n ẖt.f swꜣ tr smḫ.n.f wstn ẖt m pr.sn

time when something will reach fulfilment, particularly of the end of pregnancy or death

time when someone is alive, lifetime (of people, gods, ancestors)


tr

Interrogative particle; indicates that the phrase is a question

(rare) Used to emphasize a preceding adjective with the admirative suffix -wj


bn

Related to (and probably developed from) earlier nn (“not”). The spelling with b- may reflect a graphic phenomenon rather than a sound change. Compare the Late Egyptian development of bw from Earlier Egyptian nj.

(Late Egyptian) not; negates the adverbial sentence/first present, the third future, and the optative

(Late Egyptian) not; negates a nominal sentence

(Late Egyptian, with a following noun or pronoun) without; there not being any …


iwa

Manuel de Codage transliteration of jwꜥ.


dr

d:r:D40 2-lit. (canonical)
dr (infinitive)
drw (infinitive negative)
dr (infinitive negative)
drt (infinitive)
dr (imperative infinitive singular)
j.dr (imperative infinitive singular)
dr (imperative infinitive plural)
j.dr (imperative infinitive plural)
dr (stative)
ḥr dr (imperfective)
m dr (imperfective)
r dr (prospective)
dr.n (active perfect)
drw (passive perfect)
dr (passive perfect)
dr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
drt (terminative)
dr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
dr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
dr (active imperfective)
j.dr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
dr (active prospective)
drr (passive prospective)
dr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
dr (active subjunctive)
j.dr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
dr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
dr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
dr (active participle perfective)
drr (participle passive perfective)
drrj (participle passive perfective)
dr (participle passive perfective)
drw (participle passive perfective)
dry (participle passive perfective)
j.dr (active imperfective participle relative)
dr (active imperfective participle relative)
dry (active imperfective participle relative)
drw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.dr (active imperfective participle)
j.drw (active imperfective participle)
dr (active imperfective participle)
drj (active imperfective participle)
dry (active imperfective participle)
dr (imperfective participle passive)
drw (imperfective participle passive)
dr (active participle prospective relative)
drtj (active participle prospective relative)
drtj (participle prospective)
drt (participle prospective)


nar

Manuel de Codage transliteration of nꜥr.


sd

z:d-S28-a 2-lit. (canonical)
sd (infinitive)
sdw (infinitive negative)
sd (infinitive negative)
sdt (infinitive)
sd (imperative infinitive singular)
j.sd (imperative infinitive singular)
sd (imperative infinitive plural)
j.sd (imperative infinitive plural)
sd (stative)
ḥr sd (imperfective)
m sd (imperfective)
r sd (prospective)
sd.n (active perfect)
sd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
sdt (active terminative)
sd (active perfective)
sd.ḫr (active obligative)
sd (active imperfective)
j.sd (active imperfective)
sd (active prospective)
sd.kꜣ (active potential)
sd (active subjunctive)
j.sd (active subjunctive)
sd.n (active participle perfect)
sd (active participle perfective)
sdd (participle passive perfective)
sddj (participle passive perfective)
sd (participle passive perfective)
sdw (participle passive perfective)
sdy (participle passive perfective)
j.sd (active imperfective participle)
sd (active imperfective participle)
sdy (active imperfective participle)
sdw (active imperfective participle)
j.sdw (active imperfective participle)
sdj (active imperfective participle)
sd (imperfective participle passive)
sdw (imperfective participle passive)
sd (active participle prospective)
sdtj (active participle prospective)
sdtj (participle prospective)
sdt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to be(come) clothed (+ m: in, with)


sd

s-d:sd (canonical masculine)
sd (singular)
sdwj (dual)
sdw (plural)

Coptic: ⲥⲁⲧ (sat)


sd

s-d:sd-Z9:D40 2-lit. (canonical)
sd (infinitive)
sdw (infinitive negative)
sd (infinitive negative)
sdt (infinitive)
sd (imperative infinitive singular)
j.sd (imperative infinitive singular)
sd (imperative infinitive plural)
j.sd (imperative infinitive plural)
sd (stative)
ḥr sd (imperfective)
m sd (imperfective)
r sd (prospective)
sd.n (active perfect)
sdw (passive perfect)
sd (passive perfect)
sd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sdt (terminative)
sd (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sd.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sd (active imperfective)
j.sd (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sd (active prospective)
sdd (passive prospective)
sd.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sd (active subjunctive)
j.sd (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sd.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sd (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sd (active participle perfective)
sdd (participle passive perfective)
sddj (participle passive perfective)
sd (participle passive perfective)
sdw (participle passive perfective)
sdy (participle passive perfective)
j.sd (active imperfective participle relative)
sd (active imperfective participle relative)
sdy (active imperfective participle relative)
sdw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.sd (active imperfective participle)
j.sdw (active imperfective participle)
sd (active imperfective participle)
sdj (active imperfective participle)
sdy (active imperfective participle)
sd (imperfective participle passive)
sdw (imperfective participle passive)
sd (active participle prospective relative)
sdtj (active participle prospective relative)
sdtj (participle prospective)
sdt (participle prospective)

Alternative form of sḏ (“to break, to force open”)


bs

Bes, the god protector of households and mothers, children and childbirth


sk

s-sk-k:D40 2-lit. (canonical)
sk (infinitive)
skw (infinitive negative)
sk (infinitive negative)
skt (infinitive)
sk (imperative infinitive singular)
j.sk (imperative infinitive singular)
sk (imperative infinitive plural)
j.sk (imperative infinitive plural)
sk (stative)
ḥr sk (imperfective)
m sk (imperfective)
r sk (prospective)
sk.n (active perfect)
skw (passive perfect)
sk (passive perfect)
sk.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
skt (terminative)
sk (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sk.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sk (active imperfective)
j.sk (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sk (active prospective)
skk (passive prospective)
sk.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sk (active subjunctive)
j.sk (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sk.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sk (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sk (active participle perfective)
skk (participle passive perfective)
skkj (participle passive perfective)
sk (participle passive perfective)
skw (participle passive perfective)
sky (participle passive perfective)
j.sk (active imperfective participle relative)
sk (active imperfective participle relative)
sky (active imperfective participle relative)
skw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.sk (active imperfective participle)
j.skw (active imperfective participle)
sk (active imperfective participle)
skj (active imperfective participle)
sky (active imperfective participle)
sk (imperfective participle passive)
skw (imperfective participle passive)
sk (active participle prospective relative)
sktj (active participle prospective relative)
sktj (participle prospective)
skt (participle prospective)


sk

s-sk-k:xAst-pH-s-sk-k:N17:Z1*N21 ― sk pḥ sk tꜣ ― Saka of the Marshes, Saka of the Land

Aa18-g-pH-s-sk-k:N17-xAst ― sꜣg pḥ sk tꜣ ― Saka of the Marshes, Saka of the Land

Scythia, an ancient region of the eastern Iranian Plateau.


sw

egy-pron

sw-w m sg 3. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

sw-w m sg 3. enclitic pronoun (canonical)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯn (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person personal pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
w (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
wy (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
kw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
k (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯ (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯm (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ṯnj (dual enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person)
snj (dual enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯmt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
swt (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
stt (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ntsnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun stressed third-person)
ntṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
jntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kj (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.k (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tjwn (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person stative)
.wy (dual masculine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.wj (dual masculine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.ty (dual feminine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.wn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.nw (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.wy (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.tj (feminine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person personal pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.tnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
w (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sj (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
tn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
ntk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntf (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
nts (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
ntṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
nttn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.wn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.wjn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.tjwnj (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person personal proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sj (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kw (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.st (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sw (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.twn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
tw (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tj (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
wn (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
twn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mntk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwy (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntf (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntst (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntjst (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
mnttn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
mntw (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.k (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.w (masculine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.y (masculine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.nw (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person personal proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sw (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
sw (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
swt (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)

From Proto-Afroasiatic *sū. Cognate to Proto-Semitic *šuʔa and Central Atlas Tamazight -ⴰⵙ (-as).


sw

sw-w m sg 3. proclitic (‘subject form’) pronoun

sw-w m sg 3. proclitic pronoun (canonical)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯn (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person personal pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
w (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
wy (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
kw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
k (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯ (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯm (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ṯnj (dual enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person)
snj (dual enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯmt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
swt (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
stt (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ntsnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun stressed third-person)
ntṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
jntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kj (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.k (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tjwn (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person stative)
.wy (dual masculine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.wj (dual masculine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.ty (dual feminine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.wn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.nw (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.wy (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.tj (feminine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person personal pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.tnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
w (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sj (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
tn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
ntk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntf (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
nts (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
ntṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
nttn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.wn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.wjn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.tjwnj (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person personal proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sj (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kw (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.st (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sw (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.twn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
tw (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tj (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
wn (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
twn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mntk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwy (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntf (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntst (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntjst (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
mnttn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
mntw (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.k (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.w (masculine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.y (masculine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.nw (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person personal proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sw (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
sw (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
swt (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)


sw

Coptic: ⲥⲟⲩ- (sou-)

used with an ordinal number, indicates a day of the month

This was the usual writing before the Late Period


Axt

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜣḫt.


Ast

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜣst.


m wHm-a

Manuel de Codage transliteration of m wḥm ꜥ.


inpw

Manuel de Codage transliteration of jnpw.


st-ꜥ

From st (“seat, place”) + ꜥ (“arm”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “place of the arm”.


m mꜣwt

m (“in, in the role of, as”) + mꜣwt (“new thing”), thus ‘as a new thing’.


st-jb

st-t:ib (canonical feminine)
st-jb (singular)
stj-jb (dual)
swt-jb (plural)

From st (“seat, place, residence”) + jb (“heart, mind”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘residence of the heart/mind’.


nḥmn

a particle used to emphasise the truth of an independent clause; surely, assuredly.


mjnb

mjnb (singular)
mjnbwj (dual)
mjnbw (plural)


šsr

šsr (singular)
šsrwj (dual)
šsrw (plural)


𓅔

Representing two owls, the hieroglyph m (𓅓, phonogram for m) reduplicated.

Biliteral phonogram for mm, as in the preposition mm (“among”).


tp ꜥ

D:a-P5-pr:r-D54-i-w-n:Z2-m-M14-wr-r:N36-tp*Z1:a*Z1-D63-D54:Y2-n:Z2-tA:N23*Z1
ḏꜥ pr(.w) jw.n m wꜣḏ-wr tp ꜥ sꜣḥ.n tꜣ

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 101–103

A stormwind emerged while we were at sea, before we could set foot on land.


ꜥ-ẖnwtj

audience chamber
part of the apartments of the king


ẖrj-ꜥ

ẖrj-ꜥ (singular)
ẖrjwj-ꜥ (dual)
ẖrjw-ꜥ (plural)


pꜣwt

pꜣwt (singular)
pꜣwtj (dual)
pꜣwwt (plural)

a kind of baked goods used as an offering, considered the food of gods and the dead


pꜣwt

i-w-A1-Hr:Z1-m-a:q-Dr:r-p-pA-t:X6:Z2
D35-U2:ir-A1-mi-t:y-z:r-w-p:n
jw.j ḥr mꜥq ḏr pꜣwt

12th Dynasty, rock tombs at Meir, tomb chapel B4 of Ukhhotep III, inner room, east wall, north of entrance, register 2

I have been roasting since the beginning of time,
but I have never seen the like of this goose.


m ḫt

(relative) future, later time, hereafter


ꜥꜣm

ꜥꜣm (singular)
ꜥꜣmwj (dual)
ꜥꜣmw (plural)

Demotic: ꜥꜣm

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲏ (amē)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲉ (ame)

w-h-[{-m-}]-G37-ib*Z1:k-i-r:f-T14-m-A14A:X-z:G37-
-m-a:k-s-wr:r-i-mw-A1:gs-i-r:p*nw-n:k-A-m-w-pr:k-
-m-a:t**x-A38-n:A1-T14-m-w-A14A:Z2-n:M16*A-q:A1
wh{m} jb.k jr.f ꜥꜣm ẖz m.k swrj.j m jrp n(j) kꜣmw.k m ꜥtḫ n.j ꜥꜣmw n(j) ḥꜣq.j

May your heart fail, you wretched Asiatic! Look, I drink of the wine of your vineyard, which the Asiatics I have captured press for me.

A member of one of the foreign Asian peoples living north and east of the Egyptian borders; Asian, Semite


imn

Manuel de Codage transliteration of jmn.


bṯ

b-T:D54 2-lit. (canonical)
bṯ (infinitive)
bṯw (infinitive negative)
bṯ (infinitive negative)
bṯt (infinitive)
bṯ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.bṯ (imperative infinitive singular)
bṯ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.bṯ (imperative infinitive plural)
bṯ (stative)
ḥr bṯ (imperfective)
m bṯ (imperfective)
r bṯ (prospective)
bṯ.n (active perfect)
bṯw (passive perfect)
bṯ (passive perfect)
bṯ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
bṯt (terminative)
bṯ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
bṯ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
bṯ (active imperfective)
j.bṯ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
bṯ (active prospective)
bṯṯ (passive prospective)
bṯ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
bṯ (active subjunctive)
j.bṯ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
bṯ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
bṯ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
bṯ (active participle perfective)
bṯṯ (participle passive perfective)
bṯṯj (participle passive perfective)
bṯ (participle passive perfective)
bṯw (participle passive perfective)
bṯy (participle passive perfective)
j.bṯ (active imperfective participle relative)
bṯ (active imperfective participle relative)
bṯy (active imperfective participle relative)
bṯw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.bṯ (active imperfective participle)
j.bṯw (active imperfective participle)
bṯ (active imperfective participle)
bṯj (active imperfective participle)
bṯy (active imperfective participle)
bṯ (imperfective participle passive)
bṯw (imperfective participle passive)
bṯ (active participle prospective relative)
bṯtj (active participle prospective relative)
bṯtj (participle prospective)
bṯt (participle prospective)

(intransitive, of the inundation) to rush by

(transitive) to abandon (someone), to forsake, to leave in the lurch


wšd

w-Sd:d-A2 3-lit. (canonical)
wšd (infinitive)
wšdw (infinitive negative)
wšd (infinitive negative)
wšdt (infinitive)
wšd (imperative infinitive singular)
wšd (imperative infinitive plural)
wšd (stative)
ḥr wšd (imperfective)
m wšd (imperfective)
r wšd (prospective)
wšd.n (active perfect)
wšdw (passive perfect)
wšd (passive perfect)
wšd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
wšdt (terminative)
wšd (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
wšd.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
wšd (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
wšd (active prospective)
wšdd (passive prospective)
wšd.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
wšd (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
wšd.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
wšd (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
wšd (active participle perfective)
wšd (participle passive perfective)
wšdw (participle passive perfective)
wšdy (participle passive perfective)
wšd (active imperfective participle relative)
wšdy (active imperfective participle relative)
wšdw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
wšd (active imperfective participle)
wšdj (active imperfective participle)
wšdy (active imperfective participle)
wšd (imperfective participle passive)
wšdw (imperfective participle passive)
wšd (active participle prospective relative)
wšdtj (active participle prospective relative)
wšdtj (participle prospective)
wšdt (participle prospective)

Demotic: wšd, wšde, wšdj

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ (ouōšt)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ (ouōšt)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ (ouōšt)

desc

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ (ouōšt), ⲟⲩⲁϣⲧ⸗ (ouašt⸗)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ (ouōšt̄)

(transitive) to address (someone); to direct speech to

i-a:N35B-a:t*W-i-im:m-a-mw-Hr-Z1-Dba-Z2:k\-i-x-Y2-w-S-b-A2-k\-w-Sd-d:t-A2-k\-
-md-d-w-A2-k\:n-sw-t:n-G7-ib*Z1:k\-m-a:k\-w-S-b-A2-k\-D35:n-n-i-t-i-t-A2
jꜥ tw jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k jḫ wšb.k wšd.t(w).k mdw.k n nswt jb.k m-ꜥ.k wšb.k nn njtjt

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 13–17

Wash yourself, put water on your fingers,
so you might answer when you are addressed, speak to the king with your mind in your possession, and answer without stammering.

(transitive) to question (someone), including to question (someone) judicially; to direct questions to

(transitive) to welcome (someone) with words or a gesture, to salute

(transitive) to esteem, to honor (someone) (+ ḥr: because of)

(intransitive, of gods, in formulaic oracular pronouncements) to assent, to agree


sꜥꜣj

s-aA:a-A-Y1 caus. 3ae inf. (canonical)
sꜥꜣt (infinitive)
sꜥꜣj (infinitive)
sꜥꜣw (infinitive negative)
sꜥꜣ (infinitive negative)
sꜥꜣwt (infinitive)
sꜥꜣyt (infinitive)
sꜥꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
sꜥꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
sꜥꜣy (imperative infinitive plural)
sꜥꜣ (stative)
ḥr sꜥꜣt (imperfective)
ḥr sꜥꜣj (imperfective)
m sꜥꜣt (imperfective)
m sꜥꜣj (imperfective)
r sꜥꜣt (prospective)
r sꜥꜣj (prospective)
sꜥꜣ.n (active perfect)
sꜥꜣw (passive perfect)
sꜥꜣ (passive perfect)
sꜥꜣy (passive perfect)
sꜥꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sꜥꜣt (terminative)
sꜥꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sꜥꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sꜥꜣ (active imperfective)
sꜥꜣy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sꜥꜣw (active prospective)
sꜥꜣ (active prospective)
sꜥꜣy (active prospective)
sꜥꜣw (passive prospective)
sꜥꜣ (passive prospective)
sꜥꜣy (passive prospective)
sꜥꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sꜥꜣ (active subjunctive)
sꜥꜣy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sꜥꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sꜥꜣw (active participle perfective relative)
sꜥꜣy (active participle perfective relative)
sꜥꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sꜥꜣ (active participle perfective)
sꜥꜣy (participle passive perfective)
sꜥꜣ (participle passive perfective)
sꜥꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
sꜥꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
sꜥꜣꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sꜥꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle)
sꜥꜣꜣj (active imperfective participle)
sꜥꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle)
sꜥꜣꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
sꜥꜣꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
sꜥꜣw (active participle prospective relative)
sꜥꜣy (active participle prospective relative)
sꜥꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
sꜥꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
sꜥꜣwtj (participle prospective)
sꜥꜣtj (participle prospective)
sꜥꜣt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

sꜥꜣt

causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.

sꜥꜣw.tj1, sꜥꜣ.tj1, sꜥꜣy.tj1, sꜥꜣw.tw2, sꜥꜣ.tw2, sꜥꜣy.tw2

sꜥꜣꜣ, sꜥꜣꜣy, sꜥꜣꜣw5

sꜥꜣꜣ, sꜥꜣꜣj6, sꜥꜣꜣy6

sꜥꜣꜣ, sꜥꜣꜣw5

s- (causative prefix) + ꜥꜣj (“to be great”).


sgr

s-g:r-A2 caus. 2-lit. (canonical)
sgrt (infinitive)
sgr (infinitive)
sgrw (infinitive negative)
sgr (infinitive negative)
sgr (imperative infinitive singular)
sgr (imperative infinitive plural)
sgr (stative)
ḥr sgr (imperfective)
m sgr (imperfective)
r sgr (prospective)
sgr.n (active perfect)
sgrw (passive perfect)
sgr (passive perfect)
sgr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sgrt (terminative)
sgr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sgr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sgr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sgrw (active prospective)
sgr (active prospective)
sgry (active prospective)
sgrw (passive prospective)
sgr (passive prospective)
sgry (passive prospective)
sgr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sgr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sgr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sgr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sgr (active participle perfective)
sgr (participle passive perfective)
sgrw (participle passive perfective)
sgry (participle passive perfective)
sgr (active imperfective participle relative)
sgry (active imperfective participle relative)
sgrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sgr (active imperfective participle)
sgrj (active imperfective participle)
sgry (active imperfective participle)
sgr (imperfective participle passive)
sgrw (imperfective participle passive)
sgr (active participle prospective relative)
sgrtj (active participle prospective relative)
sgrwtj (participle prospective)
sgrtj (participle prospective)
sgrt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-caus-x-lit

causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.

egy-conj-table

sgrt

sgrw.tj1, sgr.tj1, sgry.tj1, sgrw.tw2, sgr.tw2, sgry.tw2

s- (causative prefix) + gr (“to be silent”).


sgr

sgr (singular)
sgrwj (dual)
sgrw (plural)


mšꜥ

mšꜥ (singular)
mšꜥwj (dual)
mšꜥw (plural)

Demotic: mšꜥ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲏϣ (mēš)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ (mēēše)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲏⲏϣⲓ (mēēši), ⲙⲉϣⲓ (meši)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲙⲏⲏϣⲉ (mēēše), ⲙⲏϣⲉ (mēše)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲓⲉⲓϣⲉ (mieiše), ⲙⲓϣⲉ (miše)


mšꜥ

G20-S:a-D54 3-lit. (canonical)
mšꜥ (infinitive)
mšꜥw (infinitive negative)
mšꜥ (infinitive negative)
mšꜥt (infinitive)
mšꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
mšꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
mšꜥ (stative)
ḥr mšꜥ (imperfective)
m mšꜥ (imperfective)
r mšꜥ (prospective)
mšꜥ.n (active perfect)
mšꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
mšꜥt (active terminative)
mšꜥ (active perfective)
mšꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
mšꜥ (active imperfective)
mšꜥ (active prospective)
mšꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
mšꜥ (active subjunctive)
mšꜥ.n (active participle perfect)
mšꜥ (active participle perfective)
mšꜥ (participle passive perfective)
mšꜥw (participle passive perfective)
mšꜥy (participle passive perfective)
mšꜥ (active imperfective participle)
mšꜥy (active imperfective participle)
mšꜥw (active imperfective participle)
mšꜥj (active imperfective participle)
mšꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
mšꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
mšꜥ (active participle prospective)
mšꜥtj (active participle prospective)
mšꜥtj (participle prospective)
mšꜥt (participle prospective)

Demotic: mšꜥ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟϣⲓ (moši)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ (mooše)


sḫntj

s-xnt-n:t caus. 4ae inf. (canonical)
sḫnt (infinitive)
sḫntw (infinitive negative)
sḫntyw (infinitive negative)
sḫnt (infinitive negative)
sḫntt (infinitive)
sḫntwt (infinitive)
sḫntyt (infinitive)
sḫnt (imperative infinitive singular)
sḫnt (imperative infinitive plural)
sḫnty (imperative infinitive plural)
sḫnt (stative)
ḥr sḫnt (imperfective)
m sḫnt (imperfective)
r sḫnt (prospective)
sḫnt.n (active perfect)
sḫntw (passive perfect)
sḫnt (passive perfect)
sḫnty (passive perfect)
sḫnt.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sḫntt (terminative)
sḫnt (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sḫnt.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sḫnt (active imperfective)
sḫnty (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sḫntw (active prospective)
sḫnt (active prospective)
sḫnty (active prospective)
sḫntw (passive prospective)
sḫnt (passive prospective)
sḫnty (passive prospective)
sḫnt.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sḫnt (active subjunctive)
sḫnty (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sḫnt.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sḫntw (active participle perfective relative)
sḫnty (active participle perfective relative)
sḫnt (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sḫnt (active participle perfective)
sḫnty (participle passive perfective)
sḫnt (participle passive perfective)
sḫnt (active imperfective participle relative)
sḫnty (active imperfective participle relative)
sḫntw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sḫnt (active imperfective participle)
sḫntj (active imperfective participle)
sḫnty (active imperfective participle)
sḫnt (imperfective participle passive)
sḫntw (imperfective participle passive)
sḫntw (active participle prospective relative)
sḫnty (active participle prospective relative)
sḫnt (active participle prospective relative)
sḫnttj (active participle prospective relative)
sḫntwtj (participle prospective)
sḫnttj (participle prospective)
sḫntt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

sḫntt

causative fourth weak / caus. 4ae inf. / caus. IV. inf.

sḫnt.tj1, sḫnty.tj1, sḫnt.tw2, sḫnty.tw2

sḫntw.tj1, sḫnt.tj1, sḫnty.tj1, sḫntw.tw2, sḫnt.tw2, sḫnty.tw2

Ancient Greek: ψχέντ (pskhént)

English: pschent

s- (causative prefix) + ḫntj (“to go forward or upstream”)

af

(transitive) to promote, to advance, to cause to be in front


hbnj

Demotic: hbyn

Coptic: ϩⲃⲟⲓⲛⲉ (hboine)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: ἔβενος (ébenos), ἔβελος (ébelos), ἐβένη (ebénē)
Greek: έβενος (évenos)
→ Armenian: էբենոս (ēbenos)
→ Latin: hebenus, ebenus (see there for further descendants)
→ Middle Persian: ʾpnws (abnūs)
Persian: ابنوس (abnus), آبنوس (ābnūs, ābenūs), آبنوز (ābnūz) (see there for further descendants)
→ Classical Syriac: ܐܒܢܘܣܐ (ʾaḇnūsāʾ)
→ Old Armenian: եբենոս (ebenos), ոպնիազ (opniaz)
Armenian: եբենոս (ebenos)

→ Hebrew: הָבְנֶה (hovne)

→ Ugaritic: 𐎅𐎁𐎐 (hbn)

A-r:H_SPACE-i-i-t:md-A1-m-hb-n:M3-s-wab-t-m-S40*m:nbw:N33A
[…] ꜣryt.j m hbnj swꜥbt m ḏꜥm […]

c. 1951 BCE, Stela of Ity (British Museum, Egyptian Antiquities 586), lines 3–4

[…] and my staff in ebony decorated with electrum […]


šꜣq

šꜣq (singular)
šꜣqwj (dual)
šꜣqw (plural)


šꜣq

SA-A-q:W-xt (canonical masculine)
šꜣq (singular)
šꜣqwj (dual)
šꜣqw (plural)

(Late Egyptian) a container for arrows, perhaps a quiver

(Late Egyptian) part of a column made out of gold wire with inlays of various stones


iar

Manuel de Codage transliteration of jꜥr.


ḥrj

ḥrj (masculine singular)
ḥrt (feminine singular)
ḥrjwj (dual masculine)
ḥrwj (dual masculine)
ḥrtj (dual feminine)
ḥrjw (masculine plural)
ḥrw (masculine plural)
ḥrwt (feminine plural)
ḥrt (feminine plural)


ḥrj

ḥrj (singular)
ḥrjwj (dual)
ḥrjw (plural)

Demotic: (ḥry)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: ρι- (ri-), φρι- (phri-)


ḥrj

Hr:r-N31 3ae inf. (canonical)
ḥrt (infinitive)
ḥrj (infinitive)
ḥrw (infinitive negative)
ḥr (infinitive negative)
ḥrwt (infinitive)
ḥryt (infinitive)
ḥr (imperative infinitive singular)
ḥr (imperative infinitive plural)
ḥry (imperative infinitive plural)
ḥr (stative)
ḥr ḥrt (imperfective)
ḥr ḥrj (imperfective)
m ḥrt (imperfective)
m ḥrj (imperfective)
r ḥrt (prospective)
r ḥrj (prospective)
ḥr.n (active perfect)
ḥr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḥrt (active terminative)
ḥryt (active terminative)
ḥr (active perfective)
ḥr.ḫr (active obligative)
ḥr (active imperfective)
ḥry (active imperfective)
ḥrw (active prospective)
ḥr (active prospective)
ḥry (active prospective)
ḥr.kꜣ (active potential)
ḥr (active subjunctive)
ḥry (active subjunctive)
ḥr.n (active participle perfect)
ḥrw (active participle perfective)
ḥry (active participle perfective)
ḥr (active participle perfective)
ḥry (participle passive perfective)
ḥr (participle passive perfective)
ḥr (active imperfective participle)
ḥry (active imperfective participle)
ḥrw (active imperfective participle)
ḥrj (active imperfective participle)
ḥr (imperfective participle passive)
ḥrw (imperfective participle passive)
ḥrw (active participle prospective)
ḥry (active participle prospective)
ḥr (active participle prospective)
ḥrtj (active participle prospective)
ḥrwtj (participle prospective)
ḥrtj (participle prospective)
ḥrt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ḥrt, ḥryt

ḥrw.tj1, ḥr.tj1, ḥry.tj1, ḥrw.tw2, ḥr.tw2, ḥry.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">-y</i> instead of the expected stative ending.

Demotic:  (ḥl)

Coptic: ϩⲱⲗ (hōl)


ḥrj

Hr:r-Aa19-A24 3ae inf. (canonical)
ḥrt (infinitive)
ḥrj (infinitive)
ḥrw (infinitive negative)
ḥr (infinitive negative)
ḥrwt (infinitive)
ḥryt (infinitive)
ḥr (imperative infinitive singular)
ḥr (imperative infinitive plural)
ḥry (imperative infinitive plural)
ḥr (stative)
ḥrr (stative)
ḥr ḥrt (imperfective)
ḥr ḥrj (imperfective)
m ḥrt (imperfective)
m ḥrj (imperfective)
r ḥrt (prospective)
r ḥrj (prospective)
ḥr.n (active perfect)
ḥrw (passive perfect)
ḥr (passive perfect)
ḥry (passive perfect)
ḥr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḥrt (terminative)
ḥryt (terminative)
ḥr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḥr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḥr (active imperfective)
ḥry (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḥrw (active prospective)
ḥr (active prospective)
ḥry (active prospective)
ḥrw (passive prospective)
ḥr (passive prospective)
ḥry (passive prospective)
ḥr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḥr (active subjunctive)
ḥry (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḥr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḥrw (active participle perfective relative)
ḥry (active participle perfective relative)
ḥr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḥr (active participle perfective)
ḥry (participle passive perfective)
ḥr (participle passive perfective)
ḥrr (active imperfective participle relative)
ḥrry (active imperfective participle relative)
ḥrrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḥrr (active imperfective participle)
ḥrrj (active imperfective participle)
ḥrry (active imperfective participle)
ḥrr (imperfective participle passive)
ḥrrw (imperfective participle passive)
ḥrw (active participle prospective relative)
ḥry (active participle prospective relative)
ḥr (active participle prospective relative)
ḥrtj (active participle prospective relative)
ḥrwtj (participle prospective)
ḥrtj (participle prospective)
ḥrt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to inspire dread or terror; to be(come) awesome or terrible


pr-ꜥꜣ

pr:aA (canonical masculine)
pr:aA (singular)
pr-ꜥꜣ (singular)
prwj-ꜥꜣwj (dual)
prw-ꜥꜣw (plural)

Demotic:  (pr-ꜥꜣ)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲣⲣⲟ (rro)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲟ (ouro), ⲡⲟⲩⲣⲟ (pouro)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲣⲣⲁ (rra), ⲉⲣⲣⲁ (erra), ⲓⲣⲣⲁ (irra), ⲉⲣⲁ (era)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲣⲣⲟ (rro)

Old Coptic: ⲉⲣⲟ (ero)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲣⲣⲟ (rro), ⲉⲣⲟ (ero), ⲟⲩⲣⲟ (ouro)

→ Neo-Assyrian: 𒉿𒅕𒀪𒌑 (pi-ir-ʾu-u₂ /pirʾū/)

→ Hebrew: פַּרְעֹה (parʿṓ)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Φαραώ (Pharaṓ), Φαραών (Pharaṓn), Φαραώθης (Pharaṓthēs), φαραώ (pharaṓ) — alternative capitalization
Greek: φαραώ (faraó)
→ Chinese:
Mandarin: 法老 (fǎlǎo)
→ Coptic: ⲫⲁⲣⲁⲱ (pharaō)
→ Ge'ez: ፈርዖን (färʿon)
→ Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐍉 (faraō), 𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌰𐍉𐌽𐌹 (faraōni, dative)
→ Latin: Pharaō (see there for further descendants)
→ Old Armenian: Փարաւոն (Pʻarawon)
Armenian: փարավոն (pʻaravon)
→ Old Church Slavonic: фараѡ́нъ (faraónŭ), фараонъ (faraonŭ), фараосъ (faraosŭ)
Bulgarian: фарао́н (faraón)
Church Slavonic: фарао (farao)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: фара̀о̄н m
Latin script: faràōn m
→ Old East Slavic: фараонъ (faraonŭ), фарао (farao), ѳараонъ (θaraonŭ)
Belarusian: фарао́н (faraón)
Russian: фарао́н (faraón)
Ukrainian: фарао́н (faraón)

desc

→ Classical Syriac: ܦܶܪܥܽܘܢ, ܦܸܪܥܘܿܢ (perʿūn)

desctree

→ Arabic: فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn)
Maltese: fergħun
→ Bashkir: фирғәүен (firğəwen)
→ Bengali: ফেরাউন (pheraun)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: फ़िरौन (firaun)
Urdu: فرعون (firaun)
→ Malay: firaun
→ Ottoman Turkish: فرعون
→ Turkish: firavun
→ Persian: فرعون (fer'own)
→ Swahili: firauni
→ Tajik: фиръавн (firʾavn)
→ Uzbek: firʼavn


ym

Demotic: ym

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲁⲙ (eiam), ⲓⲁⲙ (iam)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲟⲙ (iom)

→⇒ Arabic: الفَيُّوم (al-fayyūm)

→ English: Fayum, Faiyum, Fayyum

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓⲁⲙ (iam)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲟⲙ (eiom), ⲓⲟⲙ (iom)

Borrowed from Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew יָם (yām) and cognates listed at that entry.


ns

Demotic:  (ls)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲗⲉⲥ (les)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲗⲁⲥ (las)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲗⲉⲥ (les)

Old Coptic: ⲗⲁⲥ (las)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲗⲁⲥ (las)

From Proto-Afroasiatic *lis- (“tongue”). Cognate with Proto-Semitic *lišān- and Proto-Berber *iləs.


.in

Manuel de Codage transliteration of .jn.


.ki

Manuel de Codage transliteration of .kj.


.ni

Manuel de Codage transliteration of .nj.


.si

Manuel de Codage transliteration of .sj.


.sj

.s (“she, her, hers”) + -j (dual ending).

suffix

form of .s sometimes used when attached to a dual noun

(since Middle Egyptian) form of .s sometimes used when attached to a prospective participle


.tn

(Late Egyptian, attached to a stative verb form) Alternative form of .tjwn (“you”)


.fj

form of .f sometimes used when attached to a dual noun

(since Middle Egyptian) form of .f sometimes used when attached to a prospective participle


.fi

Manuel de Codage transliteration of .fj.


.tj

.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯn (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person personal pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
w (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
wy (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
kw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
k (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯ (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯm (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ṯnj (dual enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person)
snj (dual enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯmt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
swt (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
stt (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ntsnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun stressed third-person)
ntṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
jntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kj (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.k (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tjwn (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person stative)
.wy (dual masculine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.wj (dual masculine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.ty (dual feminine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.wn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.nw (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.wy (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.tj (feminine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person personal pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.tnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
w (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sj (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
tn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
ntk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntf (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
nts (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
ntṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
nttn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.wn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.wjn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.tjwnj (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person personal proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sj (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kw (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.st (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sw (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.twn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
tw (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tj (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
wn (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
twn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mntk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwy (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntf (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntst (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntjst (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
mnttn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
mntw (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.k (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.w (masculine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.y (masculine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.nw (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person personal proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sw (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
sw (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
swt (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)

(attached to a stative verb form) she, her, they, them


.kw

k-w-A1 sg 1. stative ending (canonical)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯn (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person personal pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
w (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
wy (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
kw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
k (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯ (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯm (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ṯnj (dual enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person)
snj (dual enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯmt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
swt (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
stt (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ntsnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun stressed third-person)
ntṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
jntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kj (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.k (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tjwn (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person stative)
.wy (dual masculine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.wj (dual masculine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.ty (dual feminine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.wn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.nw (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.wy (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.tj (feminine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person personal pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.tnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
w (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sj (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
tn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
ntk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntf (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
nts (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
ntṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
nttn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.wn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.wjn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.tjwnj (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person personal proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sj (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kw (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.st (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sw (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.twn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
tw (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tj (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
wn (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
twn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mntk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwy (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntf (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntst (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntjst (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
mnttn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
mntw (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.k (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.w (masculine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.y (masculine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.nw (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person personal proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sw (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
sw (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
swt (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)

(Middle Egyptian, Late Egyptian, attached to a stative verb form) I, me

perhaps erroneous ortransitional between .kj and .kw


.kw

k-W-A1 m sg 2. suffix pronoun (canonical)


.tw

t-wimpersonal suffix pronoun (canonical)

(Middle Egyptian, Late Egyptian) used as the impersonal subject of an adverbial predicate or verb form; one, someone or something unspecified

used as a substitute for noun phrases referring to the king


.tw

(Middle Egyptian, Late Egyptian) forms the passive of most verb forms