ṯꜣw

TA-A-w-D51:D40 3ae inf. (canonical)
ṯꜣt (infinitive)
ṯꜣwt (infinitive)
ṯꜣj (infinitive)
ṯꜣwj (infinitive)
ṯꜣw (infinitive negative)
ṯꜣww (infinitive negative)
ṯꜣ (infinitive negative)
ṯꜣwwt (infinitive)
ṯꜣyt (infinitive)
ṯꜣwyt (infinitive)
ṯꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
ṯꜣw (imperative infinitive singular)
ṯꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
ṯꜣw (imperative infinitive plural)
ṯꜣy (imperative infinitive plural)
ṯꜣwy (imperative infinitive plural)
ṯꜣ (stative)
ṯꜣw (stative)
ṯꜣꜣ (stative)
ḥr ṯꜣt (imperfective)
ḥr ṯꜣwt (imperfective)
ḥr ṯꜣj (imperfective)
ḥr ṯꜣwj (imperfective)
m ṯꜣt (imperfective)
m ṯꜣwt (imperfective)
m ṯꜣj (imperfective)
m ṯꜣwj (imperfective)
r ṯꜣt (prospective)
r ṯꜣwt (prospective)
r ṯꜣj (prospective)
r ṯꜣwj (prospective)
ṯꜣ.n (active perfect)
ṯꜣw.n (active perfect)
ṯꜣw (passive perfect)
ṯꜣww (passive perfect)
ṯꜣ (passive perfect)
ṯꜣy (passive perfect)
ṯꜣwy (passive perfect)
ṯꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ṯꜣw.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ṯꜣt (terminative)
ṯꜣwt (terminative)
ṯꜣyt (terminative)
ṯꜣwyt (terminative)
ṯꜣ (active perfective)
ṯꜣw (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ṯꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
ṯꜣw.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ṯꜣ (active imperfective)
ṯꜣw (active imperfective)
ṯꜣy (active imperfective)
ṯꜣwy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ṯꜣw (active prospective)
ṯꜣww (active prospective)
ṯꜣ (active prospective)
ṯꜣy (active prospective)
ṯꜣwy (active prospective)
ṯꜣw (passive prospective)
ṯꜣww (passive prospective)
ṯꜣ (passive prospective)
ṯꜣy (passive prospective)
ṯꜣwy (passive prospective)
ṯꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
ṯꜣw.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ṯꜣ (active subjunctive)
ṯꜣw (active subjunctive)
ṯꜣy (active subjunctive)
ṯꜣwy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ṯꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
ṯꜣw.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ṯꜣw (active participle perfective relative)
ṯꜣww (active participle perfective relative)
ṯꜣy (active participle perfective relative)
ṯꜣwy (active participle perfective relative)
ṯꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ṯꜣ (active participle perfective)
ṯꜣw (active participle perfective)
ṯꜣy (participle passive perfective)
ṯꜣwy (participle passive perfective)
ṯꜣ (participle passive perfective)
ṯꜣw (participle passive perfective)
ṯꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
ṯꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
ṯꜣꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ṯꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle)
ṯꜣꜣj (active imperfective participle)
ṯꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle)
ṯꜣꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
ṯꜣꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
ṯꜣw (active participle prospective relative)
ṯꜣww (active participle prospective relative)
ṯꜣy (active participle prospective relative)
ṯꜣwy (active participle prospective relative)
ṯꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
ṯꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
ṯꜣwtj (active participle prospective relative)
ṯꜣwtj (participle prospective)
ṯꜣwwtj (participle prospective)
ṯꜣtj (participle prospective)
ṯꜣt (participle prospective)
ṯꜣwt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ṯꜣ(w)t, ṯꜣ(w)yt

ṯꜣ(w).tj1, ṯꜣ(w)y.tj1, ṯꜣ(w).tw2, ṯꜣ(w)y.tw2

ṯꜣ(w)w.tj1, ṯꜣ(w).tj1, ṯꜣ(w)y.tj1, ṯꜣ(w)w.tw2, ṯꜣ(w).tw2, ṯꜣ(w)y.tw2

ṯꜣꜣ, ṯꜣꜣy, ṯꜣꜣw5

ṯꜣꜣ, ṯꜣꜣj6, ṯꜣꜣy6

Demotic: ḏwj

Akhmimic Coptic: ϫⲓⲟⲩⲉ (čioue)

Bohairic Coptic: ϭⲓⲟⲩⲓ (cioui)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϫⲓⲟⲩⲓ (čioui)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϫⲓⲟⲩⲉ (čioue)

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲓⲟⲩⲉ (čioue)

(transitive) to burgle away (from a house)


xwfw

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ḫwfw.


rwd

rwd (singular)
rwdwj (dual)
rwdw (plural)


bjnt

Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲟⲛⲓ (boni)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲃⲁⲛⲓ (bani)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲃⲟⲟⲛⲉ (boone)

bjn (“bad, evil”) + -t (“feminine ending”)


bjnt

b-i-n:t-xt (canonical feminine)
bjnt (singular)
bjntj (dual)
bjnwt (plural)

Demotic: bynt

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲓⲛⲓ (ouōini)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲃⲟⲓⲛⲉ (boine)

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE


ḫw.f-wj

→ English: Khufu

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Χέοψ (Khéops), Σοῦφις (Soûphis), Σώϋφις (Sṓüphis), Σαῶφις (Saôphis), Σοφέ (Sophé)

→ Latin: Cheops

→ English: Cheops

→ Italian: Cheope

ḫw (“shall protect”, subjunctive mood of ḫwj (“to protect”)) + .f (“he”) + wj (“me”), thus literally ’He shall protect me’; the longer version of the name, ẖnmw-ḫw.f-wj, reveals that ‘he’ is the god Khnum.

af

subjunctive mood of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ḫwj</i> (“to protect”)

A throne name notably borne by Khufu, a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty


rʽmss

Alternative transliteration of rꜥ-ms-sw.


rꜥ-ms-sw

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ῥαμέσσης (Rhaméssēs), Ῥαμέστης (Rhaméstēs)

→ English: Ramesses, Rameses

→ Hebrew: רַעְמְסֵס (Ra'mses)

→ English: Ramses

→ French: Ramsès

/ɾiːʕəməˈseːsə/

/ɾiːʕəməˈseːsə/

From rꜥ (“Ra”) + ms (perfective active participle of msj (“to give birth to”)) + sw (“him”), thus literally ‘Ra is the one who bore him’.

compound

perfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">msj</i> (“to give birth to”)

a male given name, Ramesses, Ramses, or Rameses


ḥꜣb

ḥꜣb (singular)
ḥꜣbwj (dual)
ḥꜣbw (plural)

Demotic: ḥb

Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲟⲡ (hop)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲁⲁⲡ (haap)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲁⲡ (hap)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲟⲟⲡ (hoop), ϩⲟⲡ (hop)


nḏs

n:D-s-nDs 3-lit. (canonical)
nḏs (infinitive)
nḏsw (infinitive negative)
nḏs (infinitive negative)
nḏst (infinitive)
nḏs (imperative infinitive singular)
nḏs (imperative infinitive plural)
nḏs (stative)
ḥr nḏs (imperfective)
m nḏs (imperfective)
r nḏs (prospective)
nḏs.n (active perfect)
nḏs.jn (active consecutive contingent)
nḏst (active terminative)
nḏs (active perfective)
nḏs.ḫr (active obligative)
nḏs (active imperfective)
nḏs (active prospective)
nḏs.kꜣ (active potential)
nḏs (active subjunctive)
nḏs.n (active participle perfect)
nḏs (active participle perfective)
nḏs (participle passive perfective)
nḏsw (participle passive perfective)
nḏsy (participle passive perfective)
nḏs (active imperfective participle)
nḏsy (active imperfective participle)
nḏsw (active imperfective participle)
nḏsj (active imperfective participle)
nḏs (imperfective participle passive)
nḏsw (imperfective participle passive)
nḏs (active participle prospective)
nḏstj (active participle prospective)
nḏstj (participle prospective)
nḏst (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

nḏst

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.

(intransitive) to be(come) small or little in size

(intransitive) to be(come) lesser in rank or degree

(intransitive, of the function of body parts) to be(come) feeble or faint


nḏs

n:D-s-nDs (canonical)
nḏs (masculine singular)
nḏst (feminine singular)
nḏswj (dual masculine)
nḏstj (dual feminine)
nḏsw (masculine plural)
nḏswt (feminine plural)
nḏst (feminine plural)

perfective active participle of nḏs: small, feeble


nḏs

nḏs (singular)
nḏswj (dual)
nḏsw (plural)

nw:k n:D-s-A1 i-q:r D:d m r:Z1-f
jnk nḏs jqr ḏd m r(ꜣ).f

Reign of Amenemhat II or Senusret II, c. 1929–1878 BCE, Stela of Hekaib (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, AP 78)

I was an excellent individual, one who spoke with his [own] mouth.


gHs

Manuel de Codage transliteration of gḥs.


grH

Manuel de Codage transliteration of grḥ.


xpS

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ḫpš.


sTAt

Manuel de Codage transliteration of sṯꜣt.


kAS

Manuel de Codage transliteration of kꜣš.


kꜣs

k-A-s-T14-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)


DHwty

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ḏḥwtj.


kAs

Manuel de Codage transliteration of kꜣs.


kš

k:S-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)


AbDw

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜣbḏw.


sDm

Manuel de Codage transliteration of sḏm.


sqr

sqr (singular)
sqrwj (dual)
sqrw (plural)

Compare with Akkadian 𒄿𒊕𒄫 (i-šaq-qir /šaqāru, išaqqir/, “to pierce, to decimate”) and Arabic سَقَرَ (saqara, “to strike with hot heat, sunstroke, to burn up or scorch, to hurt or damage especially with heat”).


sqr

s-q:r-T30:D40 3-lit. (canonical)
sqr (infinitive)
sqrw (infinitive negative)
sqr (infinitive negative)
sqrt (infinitive)
sqr (imperative infinitive singular)
sqr (imperative infinitive plural)
sqr (stative)
ḥr sqr (imperfective)
m sqr (imperfective)
r sqr (prospective)
sqr.n (active perfect)
sqrw (passive perfect)
sqr (passive perfect)
sqr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sqrt (terminative)
sqr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sqr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sqr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sqr (active prospective)
sqrr (passive prospective)
sqr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sqr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sqr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sqr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sqr (active participle perfective)
sqr (participle passive perfective)
sqrw (participle passive perfective)
sqry (participle passive perfective)
sqr (active imperfective participle relative)
sqry (active imperfective participle relative)
sqrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sqr (active imperfective participle)
sqrj (active imperfective participle)
sqry (active imperfective participle)
sqr (imperfective participle passive)
sqrw (imperfective participle passive)
sqr (active participle prospective relative)
sqrtj (active participle prospective relative)
sqrtj (participle prospective)
sqrt (participle prospective)


grg

g:r-grg 3-lit. (canonical)
grg (infinitive)
grgw (infinitive negative)
grg (infinitive negative)
grgt (infinitive)
grg (imperative infinitive singular)
grg (imperative infinitive plural)
grg (stative)
ḥr grg (imperfective)
m grg (imperfective)
r grg (prospective)
grg.n (active perfect)
grgw (passive perfect)
grg (passive perfect)
grg.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
grgt (terminative)
grg (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
grg.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
grg (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
grg (active prospective)
grgg (passive prospective)
grg.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
grg (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
grg.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
grg (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
grg (active participle perfective)
grg (participle passive perfective)
grgw (participle passive perfective)
grgy (participle passive perfective)
grg (active imperfective participle relative)
grgy (active imperfective participle relative)
grgw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
grg (active imperfective participle)
grgj (active imperfective participle)
grgy (active imperfective participle)
grg (imperfective participle passive)
grgw (imperfective participle passive)
grg (active participle prospective relative)
grgtj (active participle prospective relative)
grgtj (participle prospective)
grgt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to set in order or prepare (the earth by working it)

x:r-Aa13-M3:x*t-g:r-U17:Y1-n-A1 pr:Z1
ḫr m ḫt grg.n.j pr […]

17th Dynasty, The Autobiography of Admiral Ahmose: Part I

(transitive) to set up, to found, to construct


grg

grg (singular)
grgwj (dual)
grgw (plural)

Demotic: glk

Akhmimic Coptic: ϭⲁⲗ (cal)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϭⲁⲗ (cal)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϭⲁⲗ (cal)

Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲟⲗ (col)

D35-r:x-Y1:n-t-W-mA:mAa-a:t*Z5-Y1:Z2-r-g:r-grg-G37:Z2

c. 1650 BCE – 1550 BCE, Tales from Papyrus Westcar (pWestcar/pBerlin 3033) column 6, line 24

One cannot distinguish truth from falsehood.

unjust, unfair, or wrong way of thinking


ꜥḥꜣ

ꜥḥꜣ (singular)
ꜥḥꜣwj (dual)
ꜥḥꜣw (plural)


ꜥḥꜣ

aHA-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜥḥꜣ (infinitive)
ꜥḥꜣw (infinitive negative)
ꜥḥꜣ (infinitive negative)
ꜥḥꜣt (infinitive)
ꜥḥꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥḥꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥḥꜣ (stative)
ḥr ꜥḥꜣ (imperfective)
m ꜥḥꜣ (imperfective)
r ꜥḥꜣ (prospective)
ꜥḥꜣ.n (active perfect)
ꜥḥꜣw (passive perfect)
ꜥḥꜣ (passive perfect)
ꜥḥꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜥḥꜣt (terminative)
ꜥḥꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜥḥꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜥḥꜣ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜥḥꜣ (active prospective)
ꜥḥꜣꜣ (passive prospective)
ꜥḥꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜥḥꜣ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜥḥꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜥḥꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜥḥꜣ (active participle perfective)
ꜥḥꜣ (participle passive perfective)
ꜥḥꜣw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥḥꜣy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥḥꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥḥꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥḥꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜥḥꜣ (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḥꜣj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḥꜣy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḥꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥḥꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥḥꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥḥꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥḥꜣtj (participle prospective)
ꜥḥꜣt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ꜥḥꜣt

ꜥḥꜣ, ꜥḥꜣy, ꜥḥꜣw5

ꜥḥꜣ, ꜥḥꜣw5, ꜥḥꜣy5

ꜥḥꜣ, ꜥḥꜣj6, ꜥḥꜣy6

ꜥḥꜣtj4, ꜥḥꜣt4

(intransitive or transitive) to fight or make war (+ ḥr: for (the sake of); + ḥnꜥ: with, against; + m: by means of, with; + r: against)


ꜥḥꜣ

A serekh name notably borne by Hor-Aha, a pharaoh of the First Dynasty


fnD

Manuel de Codage transliteration of fnḏ.


Apd

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜣpd.


itn

Manuel de Codage transliteration of jtn.


jn-jt.f

jn (perfective relative form of jnj (“to bring”)) + jt (“father”) + .f (“his”), thus literally ‘(he) whom his father brought’.

compound

perfective relative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jnj</i> (“to bring”)

a male given name, Intef, Antef, or Inyotef


ꜣs

A-s-V2:D54 2-lit. (canonical)
ꜣs (infinitive)
ꜣsw (infinitive negative)
ꜣs (infinitive negative)
ꜣst (infinitive)
ꜣs (imperative infinitive singular)
j.ꜣs (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣs (imperative infinitive plural)
j.ꜣs (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣs (stative)
ḥr ꜣs (imperfective)
m ꜣs (imperfective)
r ꜣs (prospective)
ꜣs.n (active perfect)
ꜣsw (passive perfect)
ꜣs (passive perfect)
ꜣs.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜣst (terminative)
ꜣs (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜣs.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜣs (active imperfective)
j.ꜣs (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜣs (active prospective)
ꜣss (passive prospective)
ꜣs.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜣs (active subjunctive)
j.ꜣs (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜣs.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜣs (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜣs (active participle perfective)
ꜣss (participle passive perfective)
ꜣssj (participle passive perfective)
ꜣs (participle passive perfective)
ꜣsw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣsy (participle passive perfective)
j.ꜣs (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣs (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣsy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣsw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.ꜣs (active imperfective participle)
j.ꜣsw (active imperfective participle)
ꜣs (active imperfective participle)
ꜣsj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣsy (active imperfective participle)
ꜣs (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣsw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣs (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣstj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣstj (participle prospective)
ꜣst (participle prospective)

Demotic: ys

Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲱⲥ (iōs)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓⲱⲥ (iōs)

(intransitive or reflexive) to rush, make haste, to hurry, (of water) to flow quickly


ꜣs

(Late Egyptian, often reduplicated) quickly, hurriedly


ꜣs

Alternative form of jꜣs (“to be(come) bald”)


wsr

wsr-s-r:D40 3-lit. (canonical)
wsr (infinitive)
wsrw (infinitive negative)
wsr (infinitive negative)
wsrt (infinitive)
wsr (imperative infinitive singular)
wsr (imperative infinitive plural)
wsr (stative)
ḥr wsr (imperfective)
m wsr (imperfective)
r wsr (prospective)
wsr.n (active perfect)
wsr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
wsrt (active terminative)
wsr (active perfective)
wsr.ḫr (active obligative)
wsr (active imperfective)
wsr (active prospective)
wsr.kꜣ (active potential)
wsr (active subjunctive)
wsr.n (active participle perfect)
wsr (active participle perfective)
wsr (participle passive perfective)
wsrw (participle passive perfective)
wsry (participle passive perfective)
wsr (active imperfective participle)
wsry (active imperfective participle)
wsrw (active imperfective participle)
wsrj (active imperfective participle)
wsr (imperfective participle passive)
wsrw (imperfective participle passive)
wsr (active participle prospective)
wsrtj (active participle prospective)
wsrtj (participle prospective)
wsrt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to be(come) mighty, to be(come) powerful


wsr

wsr (masculine singular)
wsrt (feminine singular)
wsrwj (dual masculine)
wsrtj (dual feminine)
wsrw (masculine plural)
wsrwt (feminine plural)
wsrt (feminine plural)

perfective active participle of wsr: mighty, powerful


wsr

wsr (singular)
wsrwj (dual)
wsrw (plural)


ꜥmꜥꜣ

a-m-a-A-T14 4-lit. (canonical)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (infinitive)
ꜥmꜥꜣw (infinitive negative)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (infinitive negative)
ꜥmꜥꜣt (infinitive)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (stative)
ḥr ꜥmꜥꜣ (imperfective)
m ꜥmꜥꜣ (imperfective)
r ꜥmꜥꜣ (prospective)
ꜥmꜥꜣ.n (active perfect)
ꜥmꜥꜣw (passive perfect)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (passive perfect)
ꜥmꜥꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜥmꜥꜣt (terminative)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜥmꜥꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜥmꜥꜣw (active prospective)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (active prospective)
ꜥmꜥꜣw (passive prospective)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (passive prospective)
ꜥmꜥꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜥmꜥꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (active participle perfective)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (participle passive perfective)
ꜥmꜥꜣw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥmꜥꜣy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥmꜥꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥmꜥꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (active imperfective participle)
ꜥmꜥꜣj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥmꜥꜣy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥmꜥꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥmꜥꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥmꜥꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥmꜥꜣwtj (participle prospective)
ꜥmꜥꜣtj (participle prospective)
ꜥmꜥꜣt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ꜥmꜥꜣt

ꜥmꜥꜣw.tj1, ꜥmꜥꜣ.tj1, ꜥmꜥꜣw.tw2, ꜥmꜥꜣ.tw2

ꜥmꜥꜣ, ꜥmꜥꜣy, ꜥmꜥꜣw5

ꜥmꜥꜣ, ꜥmꜥꜣtj7

ꜥmꜥꜣ, ꜥmꜥꜣw5, ꜥmꜥꜣy5

ꜥmꜥꜣ, ꜥmꜥꜣj6, ꜥmꜥꜣy6

ꜥmꜥꜣ, ꜥmꜥꜣw5

a-m-a-A-T14 r:G38-Z3

(transitive, with or without r) to throw a throwing stick at


smH

Manuel de Codage transliteration of smḥ.


qbH

Manuel de Codage transliteration of qbḥ.


m wHm a

Manuel de Codage transliteration of m wḥm ꜥ.


m xt

Manuel de Codage transliteration of m ḫt.


ꜣpd

ꜣpd (singular)
ꜣpdwj (dual)
ꜣpdw (plural)

Demotic: jpt

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲱⲃⲉⲧ (ōbet)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲱⲃⲧ (ōbt)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲃⲧ (ōbt), ⲱϥⲧ (ōft)

→ Ancient Greek: -ωβτ (-ōbt)

a-m-a-A-T14 r:G38-Z3

small waterfowl, perhaps particularly a duck


ꜣpd

(astronomy) a constellation, literally ‘the Bird’, corresponding to modern Triangulum and Perseus


ꜣpd

A-p:d-D54 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜣpd (infinitive)
ꜣpdw (infinitive negative)
ꜣpd (infinitive negative)
ꜣpdt (infinitive)
ꜣpd (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣpd (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣpd (stative)
ḥr ꜣpd (imperfective)
m ꜣpd (imperfective)
r ꜣpd (prospective)
ꜣpd.n (active perfect)
ꜣpd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ꜣpdt (active terminative)
ꜣpd (active perfective)
ꜣpd.ḫr (active obligative)
ꜣpd (active imperfective)
ꜣpd (active prospective)
ꜣpd.kꜣ (active potential)
ꜣpd (active subjunctive)
ꜣpd.n (active participle perfect)
ꜣpd (active participle perfective)
ꜣpd (participle passive perfective)
ꜣpdw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣpdy (participle passive perfective)
ꜣpd (active imperfective participle)
ꜣpdy (active imperfective participle)
ꜣpdw (active imperfective participle)
ꜣpdj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣpd (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣpdw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣpd (active participle prospective)
ꜣpdtj (active participle prospective)
ꜣpdtj (participle prospective)
ꜣpdt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to come hastening, to rush onward (+ r: to, towards)

(intransitive, of the heart) to beat more quickly out of love


ꜣpd

(transitive, hapax) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

m-Hr:r-W-N31:D54-r-pr*Z1:k-st-ra-G7--…--
-G41-A-E1-D52:E1-wr:r-nb:t-nDm-m-nDm-m-D53-A-p:d-G38:k-T23-i-B1:k-st-t:H8-G7-
-x:r-s-sk-A24:k-F29-t:y-Aa2:Z2ss-i-r:y-A48-H--a:Z1*F51-Z2:z--H-p:t-D32-s-W:t-D35:n-Hr:r-N31:D54:k-r:z
m ḥrw r pr.k wsjr […] pꜣ kꜣ-wr nbt-nḏmnḏm ꜣpd.k snj.k ꜣst ḫrs.k stwtj jrj [ḥꜥw.s] ḥpt.s tw nn ḥr.k r.s

305 BCE, The Songs of Isis and Nephthys (pBremner-Rhind, British Museum EA10188,2), 5.22–5.27

Don’t go far from your house, Osiris. […] O Great Bull, Lord of Sexual Pleasure! Hurry to/Copulate with your sister Isis, drive out the pain-substance attached to [her body]: she will embrace you, you won’t draw away from her.


pr aA

Manuel de Codage transliteration of pr-ꜥꜣ.


spt

spt (singular)
sptj (dual)
spwt (plural)

Demotic: spy, sby

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲱⲡⲓ (sōpi)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲱⲡⲉ (sōpe), ⲥⲱⲃⲉ (sōbe)

From Proto-Afroasiatic *śapat (“lips”). Compare Proto-Semitic *śapat-.


jtn

i-t:n-ra (canonical masculine)
jtn (singular)
jtnwj (dual)
jtnw (plural)

→ English: Aten, Aton

the disc of any celestial body, including the sun, the moon, the stars, and the planets

Sn*t:n-W:D40:n-i-T:n:ra-Xr:r-s-x:r:Z2:f-mH:t:TAw-i-t:r:N36-n:U19:*nw-w-i-i-N35B:N36-xt:t*Z1:n-anx-Hn:Z2ss-M7-t*M39:nb:t
šnwt n(j) jṯn ẖr sḫrw.f mḥ(y)t jtr(w) nwy ḫt n(j) ꜥnḫ rnp(w)t nbt

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 19–20

What the sun disk encircles is under his directions, the north wind, the river, and water, grain and all fresh plants.

the Aten; the disc of the sun in particular, often as the manifestation of the solar god


jtn

i-t:n-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
jtn (infinitive)
jtnw (infinitive negative)
jtn (infinitive negative)
jtnt (infinitive)
jtn (imperative infinitive singular)
jtn (imperative infinitive plural)
jtn (stative)
ḥr jtn (imperfective)
m jtn (imperfective)
r jtn (prospective)
jtn.n (active perfect)
jtnw (passive perfect)
jtn (passive perfect)
jtn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jtnt (terminative)
jtn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jtn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jtn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jtn (active prospective)
jtnn (passive prospective)
jtn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jtn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jtn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jtn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jtn (active participle perfective)
jtn (participle passive perfective)
jtnw (participle passive perfective)
jtny (participle passive perfective)
jtn (active imperfective participle relative)
jtny (active imperfective participle relative)
jtnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jtn (active imperfective participle)
jtnj (active imperfective participle)
jtny (active imperfective participle)
jtn (imperfective participle passive)
jtnw (imperfective participle passive)
jtn (active participle prospective relative)
jtntj (active participle prospective relative)
jtntj (participle prospective)
jtnt (participle prospective)

m-aA:a-A-Y1-ib-Z1-k\-Hr-Z1-x-p-S-xpS-A24-m-Hr:r-ib-DA-A-m-A17A-A1:Z2-k\-!-z:zA-A-W-A47-A24-i-t:n-D20-A24-k\
(j)m ꜥꜣ jb.k ḥr ḫpš m ḥr(j) jb ḏꜣmw.k zꜣw jtn.k

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.1–2.2

Don’t grow arrogant (lit. don’t make your heart big) on account of (your) strength in the midst of your cohort, lest you be challenged.

(transitive) to set oneself against, to oppose


jtn

egy-det

i-t:n f sg proximaldemonstrative determiner

pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jptntj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jptftj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jptwtj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptwt (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nw (determiner plural pronoun)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (adverb pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (adverb determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (masculine)
tꜣy (feminine)
nꜣy (plural)
dj (adverb)
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (adverb possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (adverb article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (adverb article indefinite)

(Old Egyptian) Alternative form of tn (“this, that”)


šw

Sw-w-nDs (canonical)
šw (masculine singular)
šwt (feminine singular)
šwwj (dual masculine)
šwtj (dual feminine)
šww (masculine plural)
šwwt (feminine plural)
šwt (feminine plural)

perfective active participle of šwj: empty, devoid, lacking


šw

→ Ancient Greek: Σῶς (Sôs)

→ English: Shu

the god Shu (literally “Emptiness”), personification of the space between the earth and sky


šw

Sw-w-arq (canonical masculine)
šw (singular)
šwwj (dual)
šww (plural)


šw

destitute or needy person, one who has nothing


šw

light (of the sun or moon) falling on things, light as opposed to shadow; sunlight or moonlight


iAr

Manuel de Codage transliteration of jꜣr.


nHmn

Manuel de Codage transliteration of nḥmn.


jꜣr

jꜣr (singular)
jꜣrwj (dual)
jꜣrw (plural)


Smw

Manuel de Codage transliteration of šmw.


spA

Manuel de Codage transliteration of spꜣ.


sAw

Manuel de Codage transliteration of sꜣw.


sbA

Manuel de Codage transliteration of sbꜣ.


pDt psDt

Manuel de Codage transliteration of pḏt psḏt.


imn ra

Manuel de Codage transliteration of jmn-rꜥ.


Dd-mdw

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ḏd-mdw.


ḥm-nṯr

nTr-Hm (canonical masculine)
ḥm-nṯr (singular)
ḥmwj-nṯr (dual)
ḥmw-nṯr (plural)

Demotic: ḥm-nṱr

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲟⲛⲧ (hont)

→ Meroitic: 𐦠𐦩𐦴 (ant /annata/)

From ḥm (“servant”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘servant of the god’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


ḫꜣy

ḫꜣy (singular)
ḫꜣywj (dual)
ḫꜣyw (plural)


ḫꜣwt

ḫꜣwt (singular)
ḫꜣwtj (dual)
ḫꜣwwt (plural)


rsj

rsj (masculine singular)
rst (feminine singular)
rsjwj (dual masculine)
rswj (dual masculine)
rstj (dual feminine)
rsjw (masculine plural)
rsw (masculine plural)
rswt (feminine plural)
rst (feminine plural)

Coptic: ⲣⲏⲥ (rēs)


ḏd-mdw

Demotic: ḏd-mdt, ḏd-md

Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲉⲙⲧⲁⲩ (čemtau)

/t͡ʃʼəməˈtʼøww/

/t͡ʃʼəməˈtʼøww/

ḏd (“to say”) + mdw (“speech, words”), with ḏd in the infinitive.

md-D*i-N-i-mn:n:ra*Z1-nb:W11*W11*W11:N17:N17-N21:N21

c. 1450 BCE, The Poetical Stela of Thutmose III: Part I, Cairo Museum 34010

A recitation by Amun-Ra, Lord of the Thrones of the Two Lands.

(singular only) recitation (+ jn or (since the 19th Dynasty) n: by; + ḥr: about; + ḫft: when doing); used as a title to introduce various kinds of text to be recited

introduces the words spoken by a particular god in temple inscriptions, monuments, and old religious texts

introduces the main bulk of a religious spell or utterance, after any prologues

introduces a line of text in general in some collections of religious utterances

introduces the name of a god, without any following text to be recited

(uncommon) written in place of omitted text; ‘the usual (words to recite)’

(rare, only attested in a single manuscript) introduces explanatory glosses to a text

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see ḏd, mdw.


ḫꜣj

xA-A-D40 3ae inf. (canonical)
ḫꜣt (infinitive)
ḫꜣj (infinitive)
ḫꜣw (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣ (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣwt (infinitive)
ḫꜣyt (infinitive)
ḫꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
ḫꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫꜣy (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫꜣ (stative)
ḫꜣꜣ (stative)
ḥr ḫꜣt (imperfective)
ḥr ḫꜣj (imperfective)
m ḫꜣt (imperfective)
m ḫꜣj (imperfective)
r ḫꜣt (prospective)
r ḫꜣj (prospective)
ḫꜣ.n (active perfect)
ḫꜣw (passive perfect)
ḫꜣ (passive perfect)
ḫꜣy (passive perfect)
ḫꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḫꜣt (terminative)
ḫꜣyt (terminative)
ḫꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḫꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḫꜣ (active imperfective)
ḫꜣy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḫꜣw (active prospective)
ḫꜣ (active prospective)
ḫꜣy (active prospective)
ḫꜣw (passive prospective)
ḫꜣ (passive prospective)
ḫꜣy (passive prospective)
ḫꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḫꜣ (active subjunctive)
ḫꜣy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḫꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḫꜣw (active participle perfective relative)
ḫꜣy (active participle perfective relative)
ḫꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḫꜣ (active participle perfective)
ḫꜣy (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣ (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
ḫꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
ḫꜣꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḫꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣꜣj (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣw (active participle prospective relative)
ḫꜣy (active participle prospective relative)
ḫꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
ḫꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
ḫꜣwtj (participle prospective)
ḫꜣtj (participle prospective)
ḫꜣt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ḫꜣt, ḫꜣyt

ḥr ḫꜣt, ḥr ḫꜣj

ḫꜣw, ḫꜣ, ḫꜣy

ḫꜣw, ḫꜣ, ḫꜣy

ḫꜣw, ḫꜣ, ḫꜣy

ḫꜣw.tj1, ḫꜣ.tj1, ḫꜣy.tj1, ḫꜣw.tw2, ḫꜣ.tw2, ḫꜣy.tw2

ḫꜣw1, ḫꜣy, ḫꜣ

ḫꜣꜣ, ḫꜣꜣy, ḫꜣꜣw5

ḫꜣꜣ, ḫꜣꜣj6, ḫꜣꜣy6

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">-y</i> instead of the expected stative ending.

(transitive) to examine (a person or organ) medically


ḫt n ꜥnḫ

ḫt n ꜥnḫ (singular)
ḫtwj nwj ꜥnḫ (dual)
ḫtw nw ꜥnḫ (plural)

ḫt + n(j) + ꜥnḫ, literally “the wood of life”.

(idiomatic, a kenning) plant-based food, often specifically corn or grain as food for humans in opposition to herbs (smw) for cattle


ḫꜣꜥ

xA-A-a:D40 3-lit. (canonical)
ḫꜣꜥ (infinitive)
ḫꜣꜥw (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣꜥ (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣꜥt (infinitive)
ḫꜣꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ḫꜣꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫꜣꜥ (stative)
ḥr ḫꜣꜥ (imperfective)
m ḫꜣꜥ (imperfective)
r ḫꜣꜥ (prospective)
ḫꜣꜥ.n (active perfect)
ḫꜣꜥw (passive perfect)
ḫꜣꜥ (passive perfect)
ḫꜣꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḫꜣꜥt (terminative)
ḫꜣꜥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḫꜣꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḫꜣꜥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḫꜣꜥ (active prospective)
ḫꜣꜥꜥ (passive prospective)
ḫꜣꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḫꜣꜥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḫꜣꜥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḫꜣꜥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḫꜣꜥ (active participle perfective)
ḫꜣꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣꜥw (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣꜥy (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
ḫꜣꜥy (active imperfective participle relative)
ḫꜣꜥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḫꜣꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣꜥj (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣꜥy (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣꜥ (active participle prospective relative)
ḫꜣꜥtj (active participle prospective relative)
ḫꜣꜥtj (participle prospective)
ḫꜣꜥt (participle prospective)

ḫꜣꜥt

ḫꜣꜥ, ḫꜣꜥy, ḫꜣꜥw5

ḫꜣꜥ, ḫꜣꜥw5, ḫꜣꜥy5

ḫꜣꜥ, ḫꜣꜥj6, ḫꜣꜥy6

ḫꜣꜥtj4, ḫꜣꜥt4

Demotic: ḫꜣꜥ, ḫꜣ

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲕⲟⲩ (kou)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲭⲱ (khō)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲱ (kō), ⲕⲟⲩ (kou)

desc

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲕⲱ (kō), ⲕⲟⲩ (kou), ⲕⲱⲉ (kōe)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲱ (kō)


bjt

Heavily disputed. The final -t is usually considered a separate feminine ending in origin rather than a part of the root, but this is not wholly certain. Etymological hypotheses include:
* Cognate with Beja wíyu.
* From an earlier form *brt, in which case there are a number of mutually exclusive possibilities:
** Cognate with El Molo póruat (“bee”).
** Cognate with Western Rift *baʾara (“bee”) and its descendants: Iraqw baʾārmō (“bee”), Burunge băʾălĭmŭ (“bee”), Alagwa baʾaramo (“fly, bee”).
** Cognate with Mofu-Gudur béber (“horsefly”).
** Cognate with Pévé b̰úr (“honey (?)”)
* From an earlier form *blt, cognate with Kulere ʾabyál (“honey”), Mazagway bŏlŏ́m (“honey”), Musey mbulyuma (“honey”), Lele (Chad) bùlò (“hive”).
Several linguists have also proposed an areal connection with Proto-Indo-European *bʰey- (“bee”), noting the existence of a number of parallels between Afroasiatic and Indo-European bee-keeping terminology.


bjt

Demotic:  (jby)

Coptic: ⲉⲃⲓⲱ (ebiō)


bjt

bjt (singular)
bjtj (dual)
bjwt (plural)

flat cake (of some given substance) in general


hnn

h:n:n-D41:D40 2ae gem. (canonical)
hnn (infinitive)
hnn (infinitive negative)
hnnt (infinitive)
hnn (imperative infinitive singular)
hn (imperative infinitive singular)
hnn (imperative infinitive plural)
hn (imperative infinitive plural)
hnn (stative)
hn (stative)
ḥr hnn (imperfective)
m hnn (imperfective)
r hnn (prospective)
hnn.n (active perfect)
hn.n (active perfect)
hn (passive perfect)
hn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
hnnt (terminative)
hn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
hnn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
hnn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
hnn (active prospective)
hnn (passive prospective)
hn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
hn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
hn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
hn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
hn (active participle perfective)
hn (participle passive perfective)
hnw (participle passive perfective)
hny (participle passive perfective)
hnn (active imperfective participle relative)
hnny (active imperfective participle relative)
hnnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
hnn (active imperfective participle)
hnnj (active imperfective participle)
hnny (active imperfective participle)
hnn (imperfective participle passive)
hnnw (imperfective participle passive)
hn (active participle prospective relative)
hntj (active participle prospective relative)
hnntj (participle prospective)
hnnt (participle prospective)
hn (infinitive)
hnw (infinitive negative)
hn (infinitive negative)
hnt (infinitive)
hn (imperative infinitive singular)
j.hn (imperative infinitive singular)
hn (imperative infinitive plural)
j.hn (imperative infinitive plural)
hn (stative)
ḥr hn (imperfective)
m hn (imperfective)
r hn (prospective)
hn.n (active perfect)
hnw (passive perfect)
hn (passive perfect)
hn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
hnt (terminative)
hn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
hn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
hn (active imperfective)
j.hn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
hn (active prospective)
hnn (passive prospective)
hn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
hn (active subjunctive)
j.hn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
hn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
hn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
hn (active participle perfective)
hnn (participle passive perfective)
hnnj (participle passive perfective)
hn (participle passive perfective)
hnw (participle passive perfective)
hny (participle passive perfective)
j.hn (active imperfective participle relative)
hn (active imperfective participle relative)
hny (active imperfective participle relative)
hnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.hn (active imperfective participle)
j.hnw (active imperfective participle)
hn (active imperfective participle)
hnj (active imperfective participle)
hny (active imperfective participle)
hn (imperfective participle passive)
hnw (imperfective participle passive)
hn (active participle prospective relative)
hntj (active participle prospective relative)
hntj (participle prospective)
hnt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

hnnt

hnn.n.tj1, hn.n.tj1, hnn.n.tw2, hn.n.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">hn</i> before suffix pronouns.

(transitive) to load, to burden (something) so that it bends down

(transitive) to incline or nod (one’s head) in assent

(transitive) to heed, to attend to (someone’s words or speech)

(reflexive) to take one’s leave (+ n or ḥr: of (someone or something))

(intransitive, of the heart) to trust (+ ḥr: in)

(intransitive) to incline one’s head or nod in assent


jkn

i-k:n-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
jkn (infinitive)
jknw (infinitive negative)
jkn (infinitive negative)
jknt (infinitive)
jkn (imperative infinitive singular)
jkn (imperative infinitive plural)
jkn (stative)
ḥr jkn (imperfective)
m jkn (imperfective)
r jkn (prospective)
jkn.n (active perfect)
jknw (passive perfect)
jkn (passive perfect)
jkn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jknt (terminative)
jkn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jkn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jkn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jkn (active prospective)
jknn (passive prospective)
jkn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jkn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jkn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jkn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jkn (active participle perfective)
jkn (participle passive perfective)
jknw (participle passive perfective)
jkny (participle passive perfective)
jkn (active imperfective participle relative)
jkny (active imperfective participle relative)
jknw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jkn (active imperfective participle)
jknj (active imperfective participle)
jkny (active imperfective participle)
jkn (imperfective participle passive)
jknw (imperfective participle passive)
jkn (active participle prospective relative)
jkntj (active participle prospective relative)
jkntj (participle prospective)
jknt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to scoop out, to scoop up, to draw (water)


jkn

jkn (singular)
jknwj (dual)
jknw (plural)

i-w-i-k\:n-W10:n-mw-a:x-m-Q7-mw-f-i-b-t-E8-
-i-w-mH:t-Y1-r-Z1-m-H6A-w-w-Hn-Z2ss-s-mn:n-Y1:f-ib-Z1
jw jkn n(j) mw ꜥḫm.f jbt jw mḥ{t}⟨w⟩ r(ꜣ) m šww smn.f jb

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.5–1.6

For a cup of water quenches thirst, for a mouthful of šww-herbs makes the heart firm.


jkn

i-k:n-D49 3-lit. (canonical)
jkn (infinitive)
jknw (infinitive negative)
jkn (infinitive negative)
jknt (infinitive)
jkn (imperative infinitive singular)
jkn (imperative infinitive plural)
jkn (stative)
ḥr jkn (imperfective)
m jkn (imperfective)
r jkn (prospective)
jkn.n (active perfect)
jknw (passive perfect)
jkn (passive perfect)
jkn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jknt (terminative)
jkn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jkn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jkn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jkn (active prospective)
jknn (passive prospective)
jkn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jkn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jkn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jkn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jkn (active participle perfective)
jkn (participle passive perfective)
jknw (participle passive perfective)
jkny (participle passive perfective)
jkn (active imperfective participle relative)
jkny (active imperfective participle relative)
jknw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jkn (active imperfective participle)
jknj (active imperfective participle)
jkny (active imperfective participle)
jkn (imperfective participle passive)
jknw (imperfective participle passive)
jkn (active participle prospective relative)
jkntj (active participle prospective relative)
jkntj (participle prospective)
jknt (participle prospective)

Wilson suggests this word is a metathesized form of earlier jnk (“to hold”) ~ ꜥnk, in turn perhaps a development from jnq (“to embrace”).


ḥꜥpj

ḥꜥpj (singular)
ḥꜥpjwj (dual)
ḥꜥpjw (plural)

(often in the plural) inundation of the Nile


Hapy

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ḥꜥpj.


iAqt

Manuel de Codage transliteration of jꜣqt.


iArrt

Manuel de Codage transliteration of jꜣrrt.


nSt

Manuel de Codage transliteration of nšt.


wSd

Manuel de Codage transliteration of wšd.


saA

Manuel de Codage transliteration of sꜥꜣ.


sxnt

Manuel de Codage transliteration of sḫnt.


nDs

Manuel de Codage transliteration of nḏs.


nšt

nšt (singular)
nštj (dual)
nšwt (plural)


ḥnqt

ḥnqt (singular)
ḥnqtj (dual)
ḥnqwt (plural)

Demotic: ḥnq, ḥnqe, ḥnqy, ḥq

Coptic: ϩⲛⲕⲉ (hnke) (Sahidic), ϩⲉⲙⲕⲓ (hemki) (Bohairic)

xA-m-X2:W22-F1:H1-n:kA:n-ns:a
ḫꜣ m t ḥnqt kꜣw ꜣpdw n kꜣ n jmj-r […]

The Stela of Sa-Setet/Sa-Satis (Louvre Museum 271)

Thousand of bread and beer, cattle and fowl for the ka of the overseer […]


jrp

jrp (singular)
jrpwj (dual)
jrpw (plural)

Demotic: jrp

Coptic: ⲏⲣⲡ (ērp) (Sahidic, Bohairic), ⲏⲗⲡ (ēlp) (Fayyumic)

→ Old Nubian: ⲟⲣⲡⲁ (orpa)

→ Ancient Greek: ἕρπις (hérpis)

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) line 82


mw

Demotic: mw

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲁⲩ (mau), ⲙⲁⲟⲩ (maou)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲱⲟⲩ (mōou)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲁⲩ (mau)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲟⲩ (moou)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: μῶυ (môu), μῶϋ (môü), μῶς (môs), -μοου (-moou)

An origin in a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *maʔ- has been suggested, but as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking; compare Proto-Semitic *māy-. The word is a frozen plural, with an original root *m or *mj, the latter of which is supported by the phonetic use of the hieroglyph to write nmjw (“dwarf”).

only attested in the Tale ofthe Eloquent Peasant

area covered by water, water as opposed to land or sky

wr:r-D-Y2:a-t*F51B:Z2-m-F51B:r-A40-D35-wr:r-D-Y2:zp*y-
-D35-H-wA-A-Aa2-s-n:Z2-A-d:Aa2-s-n:Z2-D35-HASH-HASH-HASH-HASH-ir-mw-Dw-w-Aa2-Z3A
wrḏ ꜥwt m ws(j)r nj wrḏ zpwj snwj nj ḥwꜣ.sn ꜣd.sn nj [bn.sn nj] jr mw ḏw

c. 1900 BCE – 1839 BCE, Coffin Texts, version B1C (coffin of Sepi III, Cairo CG 28083) spell 755

The limbs in Osiris are weary, but won’t be weary, won’t be weary, they won’t putrefy or decay, [they] won’t [swell up, won’t] make foul fluid (literally, “evil water”).

s-T:z:t-U39-M22-M22-nw-w-A7:Z2-n:wr:r:d-A7:ib*Z1-x:n:p:t*fnD-N35B:f-ir:t:E9-a:w*F44-
-Sd:d:t*D27-n:x:n-Xrd-m-wa:a:a-w-D35:r:x:Y1-b-w:f-i-m-b-s-t:K5:D54-sw-w-a*Z1:f-n&xt-w-m-Xn-nw:pr-
-gb-b
sṯzt nnw n(j) wrd(w)-jb ḫnpt mw.f jrt jwꜥw šdt nḫn m wꜥꜥw nj rḫ bw.f jm bst sw ꜥ.f nḫtw m ẖnw wsḫt gbb

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 16–17

who raised the limpness of the weary-hearted, who took in his water (semen), who made an heir, who suckled the child in solitude where his location was unknown, who introduced him when his arm grew strong into the hall of Geb.


ꜣꜣt

Alternative form of jꜣꜣt (“a type of club or scepter”)


ꜣyt

D:d-i-n-f:n-A1-m-snD-A2-m-zp*y:n-D:z-nDs-A2-!-m-A-t-w-A24-Hr*Z1:k\-p-H-pH-n:k\-w-A2
ḏd.jn.f n.j m snḏ m zpwj snwj nḏs m ꜣ(y)tw ḥr.k pḥ.n.k wj

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 111–113

So then he said to me: Don’t be afraid, don’t be afraid, little man. Don’t make your face blanch, as you have reached me.

D35:n-A-i-i-t:nDs-Hr*Z1:n-U2:ir-A-Hr*Z1:k
nn ꜣyt ḥr n(j) mꜣ ḥr.k

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) line 278

The face of the one seeing your face will not blanch.

(intransitive, of the face) to blanch, to turn pale with fear

Story of Sinuhe
Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor


ꜣjs

ꜣjs (singular)
ꜣjswj (dual)
ꜣjsw (plural)

(medicine) viscera in general (both of humans and of animals), including the brain

(derogatory) scum, contemptible person; a term of abuse


ꜣꜥꜥt

ꜣꜥꜥt (singular)
ꜣꜥꜥtj (dual)
ꜣꜥꜥwt (plural)

aD:d-W-nw-V25-Z5-mn:n-t:Z9-nw-.-.-.-.-.-V1*V1*V1:V1*V1*V1:V1*V1*V1-V20-Z1-!-aD:d-W-nw-r-Z1-G38-mn:n-t:Z9-nw-.-.-V1*V1*V1-V20*V20*V20*V20:V20*V20*V20*V20-Z1*Z1*Z1:Z1*Z1-!-s-mi-i-i-nw-mn:n-t:Z9-nw-.-.-.-.-.-.-V20:V20-!-Y1:Z91-A-a:a-t-W24-d:n-s-mn:n-U32:O39-.-M12*M12*M12:M12*M12*M12:M12*M12*M12-V1-V20:V20-Z1*Z1*Z1:Z1*Z1
…
ꜥḏw ⸢ḥḏ⸣ mnt-.-.-911
ꜥḏw rꜣ mnt-.-.-385
smy mnt-.-.-20
dmḏ ꜣꜥꜥt dns-.-.-9125
…
⸢White⸣ fat: 911 jars

c. 1150 BCE, Papyrus Harris I, plate 15a, lines 7–10

Goose fat: 385 jars
Curds: 20 jars
Total of weighted jars: 9125


ꜣjwj

(medicine, dual only) (pair of) bandages to hold together a gaping wound


ꜣꜥfj

Alternative form of ꜣfj (“to gorge oneself, be greedy”)


ꜣꜥbt

ꜣꜥbt (singular)
ꜣꜥbtj (dual)
ꜣꜥbwt (plural)

harm, oppression, especially of the poor and unfortunate


ꜣꜥꜥnj

ꜣꜥꜥnj (singular)
ꜣꜥꜥnjwj (dual)
ꜣꜥꜥnjw (plural)


ꜣꜥꜥnj

Alternative form of jꜥn (“epithet of Thoth”)


ꜣt

A-t:Z5-ra-p-W-k\:t-t:nDs-d-A-i-r-rwd-A24-ib-Z1-x-a-w-nDs-p-W-A-f:a-
-i-w-Dba-a:t-A2-i-m
ꜣt pw ktt dꜣjr jb ḫw(w) pw ꜣfꜥ jw ḏbꜥ.t(w) jm

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.4–1.5

Controlling oneself (lit. Subduing the heart) is a little moment; gluttony is something to be precluded, as it is pointed to in reproach.

a small unit of time, smaller than an hour (wnwt) but larger than a ḥꜣt; approximately a minute


ꜣt

pr-r:f-r:f-i-r-p*t:pt-m-m-s-b-sbA-sbA-sbA-m-m-i-x:m-D35-w-s-k-i--sbA-sbA-sbA--
-A-t:F9-<-p-p-i-i->-tp:p-f-S:a-t:*T30-f:r-gs:gs-f-H-kA-kA-kA-f-i-r--rd--rd--f-

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume IV, Providence: Brown University, PT 474.4–474.5 (Pyr. 940a–940c), P

pr.f r.f jr pt mm sbꜣw mm j.ḫmw-skj ꜣt ppy tp.f šꜥt.f r gswj.f ḥkꜣw.f jr rd[wj.f]

striking power, readiness or ferocity to strike


ꜣt

Late Egyptian form of jꜣt (“back, spine”)


ꜣt

Late Egyptian form of jꜣt (“standard for carrying cult images”)


ꜣt

Alternative form of ꜣd (“to be aggressive or angry”)


ꜣꜥw

ꜣꜥw (singular)
ꜣꜥwwj (dual)
ꜣꜥww (plural)

storage case for scribal materials, papyri, and other implements


ꜣꜥw

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


ꜥꜣꜥ

aA:a-A-a:D53 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜥꜣꜥ (infinitive)
ꜥꜣꜥw (infinitive negative)
ꜥꜣꜥ (infinitive negative)
ꜥꜣꜥt (infinitive)
ꜥꜣꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥꜣꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥꜣꜥ (stative)
ḥr ꜥꜣꜥ (imperfective)
m ꜥꜣꜥ (imperfective)
r ꜥꜣꜥ (prospective)
ꜥꜣꜥ.n (active perfect)
ꜥꜣꜥw (passive perfect)
ꜥꜣꜥ (passive perfect)
ꜥꜣꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜥꜣꜥt (terminative)
ꜥꜣꜥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜥꜣꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜥꜣꜥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜥꜣꜥ (active prospective)
ꜥꜣꜥꜥ (passive prospective)
ꜥꜣꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜥꜣꜥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜥꜣꜥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜥꜣꜥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜥꜣꜥ (active participle perfective)
ꜥꜣꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ꜥꜣꜥw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥꜣꜥy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥꜣꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥꜣꜥy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥꜣꜥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜥꜣꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ꜥꜣꜥj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥꜣꜥy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥꜣꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥꜣꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥꜣꜥ (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥꜣꜥtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥꜣꜥtj (participle prospective)
ꜥꜣꜥt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ꜥꜣꜥt

ꜥꜣꜥ, ꜥꜣꜥy, ꜥꜣꜥw5

ꜥꜣꜥ, ꜥꜣꜥw5, ꜥꜣꜥy5

ꜥꜣꜥ, ꜥꜣꜥj6, ꜥꜣꜥy6

ꜥꜣꜥtj4, ꜥꜣꜥt4

(transitive) to spew, to ejaculate, to squirt (saliva, semen, etc.)


ꜥꜣꜥ

a kind of noxious substance that acts as a factor of illness in the belly, heart, or limbs, said to be brought about by the dead or by malevolent gods


ꜥꜣꜥ

(hapax) A symptom of illness relating to hair loss. The meaning of this term is uncertain.


ꜥꜣꜥ

a-A- a (canonical masculine)
ꜥꜣꜥ (singular)
ꜥꜣꜥwj (dual)
ꜥꜣꜥw (plural)


ꜥꜣꜥ

D35-pA-zp:p-xpr-Dr-r:k-Y1-ra-C1-m-a-A-a-mw-n-[&-DA-A-m-A1-Z3-n-Ba16a-mH:ib*Z1-A1-n&xt-A24
nj pꜣ zp ḫpr ḏr rk rꜥ m ꜥꜣꜥ n(j) ⟨ḏꜣm n⟩ mḥ jb nḫt
It has never happened since the time of Ra through the valor of the trusty victorious ⟨recruits⟩.

c. 2100 BCE, Tomb of Ankhtifi, quoted in Gardiner 1948


ꜣꜥꜥ

A-a:a-Y1-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜣꜥꜥ (infinitive)
ꜣꜥꜥw (infinitive negative)
ꜣꜥꜥ (infinitive negative)
ꜣꜥꜥt (infinitive)
ꜣꜥꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣꜥꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣꜥꜥ (stative)
ḥr ꜣꜥꜥ (imperfective)
m ꜣꜥꜥ (imperfective)
r ꜣꜥꜥ (prospective)
ꜣꜥꜥ.n (active perfect)
ꜣꜥꜥw (passive perfect)
ꜣꜥꜥ (passive perfect)
ꜣꜥꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜣꜥꜥt (terminative)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜣꜥꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active prospective)
ꜣꜥꜥꜥ (passive prospective)
ꜣꜥꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜣꜥꜥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active participle perfective)
ꜣꜥꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ꜣꜥꜥw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣꜥꜥy (participle passive perfective)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣꜥꜥy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣꜥꜥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ꜣꜥꜥj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣꜥꜥy (active imperfective participle)
ꜣꜥꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣꜥꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣꜥꜥtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣꜥꜥtj (participle prospective)
ꜣꜥꜥt (participle prospective)

ꜣꜥꜥt

ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥy, ꜣꜥꜥw5

ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥw5, ꜣꜥꜥy5

ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥj6, ꜣꜥꜥy6

ꜣꜥꜥtj4, ꜣꜥꜥt4

(transitive, Late Egyptian) to coat, spread, or patch up with plaster; to plaster


ꜣꜥꜥ

A-a:a-D40 2ae gem. (canonical)
ꜣꜥꜥ (infinitive)
ꜣꜥꜥ (infinitive negative)
ꜣꜥꜥt (infinitive)
ꜣꜥꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣꜥꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣꜥꜥ (stative)
ꜣꜥ (stative)
ḥr ꜣꜥꜥ (imperfective)
m ꜣꜥꜥ (imperfective)
r ꜣꜥꜥ (prospective)
ꜣꜥꜥ.n (active perfect)
ꜣꜥ.n (active perfect)
ꜣꜥ (passive perfect)
ꜣꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜣꜥꜥt (terminative)
ꜣꜥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜣꜥꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active prospective)
ꜣꜥꜥ (passive prospective)
ꜣꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜣꜥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜣꜥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜣꜥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜣꜥ (active participle perfective)
ꜣꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ꜣꜥw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣꜥy (participle passive perfective)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣꜥꜥy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣꜥꜥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜣꜥꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ꜣꜥꜥj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣꜥꜥy (active imperfective participle)
ꜣꜥꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣꜥꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣꜥ (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣꜥtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣꜥꜥtj (participle prospective)
ꜣꜥꜥt (participle prospective)

ꜣꜥꜥt

ꜣꜥꜥ.n.tj1, ꜣꜥ.n.tj1, ꜣꜥꜥ.n.tw2, ꜣꜥ.n.tw2

ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥy, ꜣꜥꜥw5

ꜣꜥ, ꜣꜥw5, ꜣꜥy5

ꜣꜥꜥ, ꜣꜥꜥj6, ꜣꜥꜥy6

ꜣꜥꜥtj4, ꜣꜥꜥt4

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ꜣꜥ</i> before suffix pronouns.

(transitive) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


ꜣꜥꜥ

According to the Rösslerian school of Egyptian comparison, from earlier *lꜥꜥ, from Proto-Afroasiatic *laɣ- (?) (“to speak”); compare Proto-Semitic *lɣz, Arabic لَغَزَ (laḡaza, “to speak enigmatically, to use puzzling or riddle-like language”), Hebrew לעז (“to speak a foreign language”).

cog

(intransitive, Late Egyptian) to speak a foreign language, to gibber


ꜣꜥꜥ

ꜣꜥꜥ (singular)
ꜣꜥꜥwj (dual)
ꜣꜥꜥw (plural)

(Late Egyptian) speaker of a foreign language, generally a foreigner or interpreter


ꜣꜥꜥ

A-a:a-Aa40-N33C:niwt m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)


šms

Sms-s-D54 3-lit. (canonical)
4ae inf. (canonical)
šms (infinitive)
šmsw (infinitive negative)
šms (infinitive negative)
šmst (infinitive)
šms (imperative infinitive singular)
šms (imperative infinitive plural)
šms (stative)
ḥr šms (imperfective)
m šms (imperfective)
r šms (prospective)
šms.n (active perfect)
šmsw (passive perfect)
šms (passive perfect)
šms.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
šmst (terminative)
šms (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
šms.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
šms (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
šms (active prospective)
šmss (passive prospective)
šms.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
šms (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
šms.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
šms (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
šms (active participle perfective)
šms (participle passive perfective)
šmsw (participle passive perfective)
šmsy (participle passive perfective)
šms (active imperfective participle relative)
šmsy (active imperfective participle relative)
šmsw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
šms (active imperfective participle)
šmsj (active imperfective participle)
šmsy (active imperfective participle)
šms (imperfective participle passive)
šmsw (imperfective participle passive)
šms (active participle prospective relative)
šmstj (active participle prospective relative)
šmstj (participle prospective)
šmst (participle prospective)
šms (infinitive)
šmsw (infinitive negative)
šmsyw (infinitive negative)
šms (infinitive negative)
šmst (infinitive)
šmswt (infinitive)
šmsyt (infinitive)
šms (imperative infinitive singular)
šms (imperative infinitive plural)
šmsy (imperative infinitive plural)
šms (stative)
ḥr šms (imperfective)
m šms (imperfective)
r šms (prospective)
šms.n (active perfect)
šmsw (passive perfect)
šms (passive perfect)
šmsy (passive perfect)
šms.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
šmst (terminative)
šms (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
šms.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
šms (active imperfective)
šmsy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
šmsw (active prospective)
šms (active prospective)
šmsy (active prospective)
šmss (passive prospective)
šms.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
šms (active subjunctive)
šmsy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
šms.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
šmsw (active participle perfective relative)
šmsy (active participle perfective relative)
šms (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
šms (active participle perfective)
šmsy (participle passive perfective)
šms (participle passive perfective)
šmss (active imperfective participle relative)
šmssy (active imperfective participle relative)
šmssw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
šmss (active imperfective participle)
šmssj (active imperfective participle)
šmssy (active imperfective participle)
šmss (imperfective participle passive)
šmssw (imperfective participle passive)
šmsw (active participle prospective relative)
šmsy (active participle prospective relative)
šms (active participle prospective relative)
šmstj (active participle prospective relative)
šmswtj (participle prospective)
šmstj (participle prospective)
šmst (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

šmst

šmsw.tj1, šms.tj1, šmsy.tj1, šmsw.tw2, šms.tw2, šmsy.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">-y</i> instead of the expected stative ending.

Demotic: šms

Akhmimic Coptic: ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ (šm̄še)

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲉⲙϣⲓ (šemši)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉⲙϣⲓ (šemši), ϣⲏⲙϣⲓ (šēmši)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ (šm̄še)

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲙ̄ϣⲉ (šm̄še)

i-w-ir:n-A1-pr:r:*t-aA:t-Sms-A1-nTr-r:D54*Z2ss:f-D37:n-A1-s-P11-P1-nTr-d:p*t-P3-G26-Hr:Z1-U5:a--s-qd-d:N33C--w&t-P1:Z2
jw jr.n.j prt-ꜥꜣt šms.j nṯr r nmtt.f dj.n.j sqd dpt-nṯr ḏḥwtj ḥr mꜣꜥ [sqd]wt

Reign of Senusret III, c. 1878–1839 BCE, Stela of Ikhernofret (Berlin ÄM 1204), lines 18–19

I undertook the Great Procession, following the god at his travels; I made the god’s boat sail, with Thoth directing the sailing.


swnt

swnt (singular)
swntj (dual)
swnwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲟⲩⲉⲛ (souen)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲟⲩⲛⲧ (sount)


jst

Alternative transliteration of ꜣst (“Isis”).

Alternative transliteration of st (“place”).


jqr

i-q:r-Y1V 3-lit. (canonical)
jqr (infinitive)
jqrw (infinitive negative)
jqr (infinitive negative)
jqrt (infinitive)
jqr (imperative infinitive singular)
jqr (imperative infinitive plural)
jqr (stative)
ḥr jqr (imperfective)
m jqr (imperfective)
r jqr (prospective)
jqr.n (active perfect)
jqr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
jqrt (active terminative)
jqr (active perfective)
jqr.ḫr (active obligative)
jqr (active imperfective)
jqr (active prospective)
jqr.kꜣ (active potential)
jqr (active subjunctive)
jqr.n (active participle perfect)
jqr (active participle perfective)
jqr (participle passive perfective)
jqrw (participle passive perfective)
jqry (participle passive perfective)
jqr (active imperfective participle)
jqry (active imperfective participle)
jqrw (active imperfective participle)
jqrj (active imperfective participle)
jqr (imperfective participle passive)
jqrw (imperfective participle passive)
jqr (active participle prospective)
jqrtj (active participle prospective)
jqrtj (participle prospective)
jqrt (participle prospective)

Perhaps from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *waqar-; compare Hebrew יָקָר (yāqār, “expensive, precious”).

cog

nw:k n:D-s-A1 i-q:r D:d m r:Z1-f
jnk nḏs jqr ḏd m r(ꜣ).f

Reign of Amenemhat II or Senusret II, c. 1929–1878 BCE, Stela of Hekaib (Rijksmuseum van Oudheden, AP 78)

I was an excellent individual, one who spoke with his own mouth.

(intransitive) to be(come) excellent, worthy, or irreproachable

(intransitive) to be(come) reliable, trustworthy, or dependable


jqr

jqr (masculine singular)
jqrt (feminine singular)
jqrwj (dual masculine)
jqrtj (dual feminine)
jqrw (masculine plural)
jqrwt (feminine plural)
jqrt (feminine plural)

perfective active participle of jqr: excellent, worthy, reliable


ẖrd

X:r:d-Xrd (canonical masculine)
ẖrd (singular)
ẖrdwj (dual)
ẖrdw (plural)

Demotic: ẖrtṱ

⇒ Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲣⲟϯ (xroti) (only attested in the plural)

⇒ Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲗⲁϯ (hlati) (only attested in the plural)

Old Coptic: ⲣⲁⲧ (rat), ϧⲣⲱⲧ (xrōt)

s-wD-D:w-T:n:Z2 O44-t:Z1:Z2-T:n:Z2 n:X-r:d-Xrd:Z2-T:n:Z2 mi-i D:d-T:n:Z2
[…] swḏ.ṯn jꜣwt.ṯn n ẖrdw.ṯn mj ḏd.ṯn […]

c. 13th Dynasty, Naos of Hori, Kunsthistorisches Museum 186, Vienna

[… as] you wish to bequeath your offices to your children, so you should say […]


Xrd

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ẖrd.


wꜣḏ

wAD (canonical masculine)
wꜣḏ (singular)
wꜣḏwj (dual)
wꜣḏw (plural)

Possibly from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *wrḳ-. If so, cognate with Proto-Semitic *waraq- (“green”).


wꜣḏ

wꜣḏ (singular)
wꜣḏwj (dual)
wꜣḏw (plural)

(usually in the plural) a papyriform column or pillar


wꜣḏ

a papyrus-stem-shaped amulet conveying freshness and vigour


wꜣḏ

wAD-D:Y1 3-lit. (canonical)
wꜣḏ (infinitive)
wꜣḏw (infinitive negative)
wꜣḏ (infinitive negative)
wꜣḏt (infinitive)
wꜣḏ (imperative infinitive singular)
wꜣḏ (imperative infinitive plural)
wꜣḏ (stative)
ḥr wꜣḏ (imperfective)
m wꜣḏ (imperfective)
r wꜣḏ (prospective)
wꜣḏ.n (active perfect)
wꜣḏ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
wꜣḏt (active terminative)
wꜣḏ (active perfective)
wꜣḏ.ḫr (active obligative)
wꜣḏ (active imperfective)
wꜣḏ (active prospective)
wꜣḏ.kꜣ (active potential)
wꜣḏ (active subjunctive)
wꜣḏ.n (active participle perfect)
wꜣḏ (active participle perfective)
wꜣḏ (participle passive perfective)
wꜣḏw (participle passive perfective)
wꜣḏy (participle passive perfective)
wꜣḏ (active imperfective participle)
wꜣḏy (active imperfective participle)
wꜣḏw (active imperfective participle)
wꜣḏj (active imperfective participle)
wꜣḏ (imperfective participle passive)
wꜣḏw (imperfective participle passive)
wꜣḏ (active participle prospective)
wꜣḏtj (active participle prospective)
wꜣḏtj (participle prospective)
wꜣḏt (participle prospective)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)


wꜣḏ

wꜣḏ (masculine singular)
wꜣḏt (feminine singular)
wꜣḏwj (dual masculine)
wꜣḏtj (dual feminine)
wꜣḏw (masculine plural)
wꜣḏwt (feminine plural)
wꜣḏt (feminine plural)

Old Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲧ (ouōt)

perfective active participle of wꜣḏ: green, fresh, thriving, vigorous


wꜣḏ

offspring, generally in reference to the king as son of a god or Horus as son of Osiris


nb-ḫꜥw

From nb (“lord, possessor”) + ḫꜥw (“appearance in glory, shining-forth”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘possessor of appearances in glory’. Sometimes the second part is instead interpreted as ḫꜥw (“crown”), etymologically the same word.

compound

a common epithet for the king: ‘Lord of Appearances’

nb:tA:tA-<-ra-Dsr-kA->-nb:xa*Z2ss-<-i-mn:n-Htp:t*p->
nb-tꜣwj ḏsr-kꜣ-rꜥ nb-ḫꜥw jmn-ḥtp […]

20th Dynasty, c. 1150 BCE, Votive bust of a ram ([www.khm.at/de/object/318393/ Kunsthistorisches Museum 1029])

The Lord of the Two Lands, Djeserkare, Lord of Appearances, Amenhotep […]

used as a title preceding the fifth (given) name in the royal titulary


nb-ḫꜥw

A serekh name notably borne by Sahure, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty

A Two Ladies name notably borne by Sahure, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


kAkA

Manuel de Codage transliteration of kꜣkꜣ.


wab

Manuel de Codage transliteration of wꜥb.


wꜥb

wab-mw 3-lit. (canonical)
wꜥb (infinitive)
wꜥbw (infinitive negative)
wꜥb (infinitive negative)
wꜥbt (infinitive)
wꜥb (imperative infinitive singular)
wꜥb (imperative infinitive plural)
wꜥb (stative)
ḥr wꜥb (imperfective)
m wꜥb (imperfective)
r wꜥb (prospective)
wꜥb.n (active perfect)
wꜥbw (passive perfect)
wꜥb (passive perfect)
wꜥb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
wꜥbt (terminative)
wꜥb (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
wꜥb.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
wꜥb (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
wꜥb (active prospective)
wꜥbb (passive prospective)
wꜥb.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
wꜥb (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
wꜥb.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
wꜥb (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
wꜥb (active participle perfective)
wꜥb (participle passive perfective)
wꜥbw (participle passive perfective)
wꜥby (participle passive perfective)
wꜥb (active imperfective participle relative)
wꜥby (active imperfective participle relative)
wꜥbw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
wꜥb (active imperfective participle)
wꜥbj (active imperfective participle)
wꜥby (active imperfective participle)
wꜥb (imperfective participle passive)
wꜥbw (imperfective participle passive)
wꜥb (active participle prospective relative)
wꜥbtj (active participle prospective relative)
wꜥbtj (participle prospective)
wꜥbt (participle prospective)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁⲡ (ouap)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲟⲡ (ouop)

desc

ⲟⲩⲁⲃ <alt:ⲟⲩⲁⲃ^†>

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁⲃ^† (ouab^†)

ⲟⲩⲉⲉⲃ <alt:ⲟⲩⲉⲉⲃ^†>

ⲟⲩⲉⲃ <alt:ⲟⲩⲉⲃ^†>

ⲟⲩⲉϥ <alt:ⲟⲩⲉϥ^†>

ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ <alt:ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ^†>

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲉⲃ^† (oueeb^†), ⲟⲩⲉⲃ^† (oueb^†), ⲟⲩⲉϥ^† (ouef^†), ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ^† (ouēēb^†)

x*t:nb nfr-t wab-t-mw anx-t nTr i-m

[…] all things good and pure on which a god lives.

(intransitive) to be(come) pure or clean

(reflexive) to purify or bathe (oneself)


wꜥb

wab-mw (canonical)
wꜥb (masculine singular)
wꜥbt (feminine singular)
wꜥbwj (dual masculine)
wꜥbtj (dual feminine)
wꜥbw (masculine plural)
wꜥbwt (feminine plural)
wꜥbt (feminine plural)

perfective active participle of wꜥb: pure, clean


wꜥb

wꜥb (singular)
wꜥbwj (dual)
wꜥbw (plural)

Demotic:  (wꜥb)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲓⲉⲓⲃⲉ (ouieibe), ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲃⲉ (oueibe), ⲟⲩⲓⲃⲉ (ouibe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲏⲃ (ouēb)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ (ouēēb), ⲟⲩⲏⲃ (ouēb), ⲟⲩⲉⲃ (oueb), ⲟⲩⲉϥ (ouef), ⲟⲩⲏⲉⲃ (ouēeb)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ (ouēēb)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲏⲏⲃ (ouēēb)

i-A1-anx-w-A1-Z3-tp:p-w-tA:N23
wn-n:n:t-s-m-S-s-Sms-n:xnt-t-R13-tyw-A44-n:wp-N31:N31:N31-E16-U7:r:r-w-anx-n:x-ms-D:D-w-x:p-t:D54
A6-A1-Z3-nw-w-nTr-O29V-A40-nTr-Hm-A1-Z3-nb:n-Ab-b-Dw:niwt
j ꜥnḫw tp(j)w tꜣ
wnnt(j).s⟨n⟩ m šmsw n(j) ḫnt(j)-jmntjw n(j) wp-wꜣwt mrrw ꜥnḫ msḏḏw ḫpt

c. 2015 B.C.E., Meru, Stela of Meru (Turin 1447), textfield lines 2-4

O living ones who are on the earth,
who will be in the retinue of Khentamentiu and Wepwawet, who love life and hate dying,
cleaner-priests of the elder god and all priests of Abydos!

the lowest level of priest, literally a “cleaner”, responsible for cleaning and purifying the temple and preparing ritual offerings


js

used in conjunction with nj (or sometimes nn) to negate nominal sentences, adjectival sentences of possession, and rhemes of emphatic clauses.

(inserted after the first word or phrase of a clause, archaic by Middle Egyptian) serves as a complementizer to convert a sentence into a subordinated noun or adverbial clause; that, for

inserted after the first word or phrase of a clause; archaic by Middle Egyptian; inserted after the first word or phrase of a clause; archaic by Middle Egyptian


jz

i-iz-z:pr (canonical masculine)
jz (singular)
jzwj (dual)
jzw (plural)

r-di-Hm-f-
--s--f:T-W1-x-w-z-A34-n:Ba15s*f*Ba15as-
-i-iz-z-
-i-n-iz-iz-iz-n:t-
-qd-A1-A1-A1
rḏj ḥm.f [s]fṯ ḫwz n[.f] jz jn jzwt nt (j)qdw

6th Dynasty, Giza, Western Cemetery, Shaft G 2188 Y, Block of sunk relief inscription mentioning the dog Abutiu (35-10-22/Cairo JE 67573), lines 6–9

His Majesty gave pine oil and (ordered) that a tomb be built for him by a gang of builders.

q*Z1:r-s-t:Q6 nfr-f:r:t m i-iz-s-pr:f nfr-f:r:n-

12th Dynasty, coffin of Nakhtankh, British Museum EA 35285

[…] a good burial in his wonderful tomb of the necropolis […]

D35:n-i-iz-pr*Z1:n-s-b-i-A13-Hr:Z1-Hm-Z1:f-i-w-XA:t-Aa2:f-m-q:H_SPACE-T14-Y1:n-mw

c. 1859 BCE – 1813 BCE, The Loyalist Teaching (Stele of Sehetepibre/Cairo CG 20538 Verso) line 19

There is no tomb for a rebel against His Majesty; his corpse is thrown to the water.

tomb (including both walled structures and rock-cut tombs)

Y4-stp:p-W-Y1:A1-HAt:t*y-ib-Z1-wAH-H-Y1-nD-nw-nD-nw-A2-r-Z1-A2--…--
-Hm-Z1-A1:n-nb-Z94*Z94-n:nw*W-niwt-m-i-iz-s-y-Hn-pr:n-Y4-W-V12:Z1
zẖꜣw stpw ḥꜣtj wꜣḥ nḏnḏ r […] ḥm n(j) nb ḫmnw m jsj n(j) zẖꜣw

c. 1203 BCE – 1189 BCE, Satirical Letter of Hori (pAnastasi I/British Museum EA 10247) lines 1.1–1.2

The scribe, choicest of mind and enduring of advice, [is …] a servant of the lord of Hermopolis in the bureau of writings, […]

(often dual during the Old Kingdom) administrative chamber, bureau

U2:ir-A-A-kA:t-A9-m-i-iz-z:pr:n-N42:t-U25-A1-nb-i-n-pr:aA-s-HD-
ir
-Xnm-n-anx
mꜣꜣ kꜣt m jz n(j) ḥmwt nb(t) jn sḥḏ jr(w)-ꜥnt pr-ꜥꜣ n(j)-ꜥnḫ-ẖnm(w)

5th Dynasty, late 25th Century BCE, Saqqara, mortuary complex of Unas, mastaba of Khnumhotep and Niankhkhnum, east wall of the rock chamber, south section, top right, scene 30.B, caption in front of Niankhkhnum

Viewing of the work in the workshop of all craftsmen by the inspector of manicurists of the palace, Niankhkhnum.

workshop, especially for the preparation of ointments


jz

i-Hn:z 2-lit. (canonical)
jz (infinitive)
jzw (infinitive negative)
jz (infinitive negative)
jzt (infinitive)
jz (imperative infinitive singular)
j.jz (imperative infinitive singular)
jz (imperative infinitive plural)
j.jz (imperative infinitive plural)
jz (stative)
ḥr jz (imperfective)
m jz (imperfective)
r jz (prospective)
jz.n (active perfect)
jz.jn (active consecutive contingent)
jzt (active terminative)
jz (active perfective)
jz.ḫr (active obligative)
jz (active imperfective)
j.jz (active imperfective)
jz (active prospective)
jz.kꜣ (active potential)
jz (active subjunctive)
j.jz (active subjunctive)
jz.n (active participle perfect)
jz (active participle perfective)
jzz (participle passive perfective)
jzzj (participle passive perfective)
jz (participle passive perfective)
jzw (participle passive perfective)
jzy (participle passive perfective)
j.jz (active imperfective participle)
jz (active imperfective participle)
jzy (active imperfective participle)
jzw (active imperfective participle)
j.jzw (active imperfective participle)
jzj (active imperfective participle)
jz (imperfective participle passive)
jzw (imperfective participle passive)
jz (active participle prospective)
jztj (active participle prospective)
jztj (participle prospective)
jzt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to be(come) old, used, from bygone times

(intransitive) to be(come) in decline, deteriorating, decaying


mr-wr

N36:N23*Z1-wr:r m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

Demotic: mꜣ-wr, m-wr, mr-wr, mw-wr

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Μοῖρις (Moîris), Μῠῆρῐς (Muêris) — 3rd century BCE, Μοῆρῐς (Moêris) — 2nd century BCE onward, Μεῦρῐς (Meûris) — attested once, 228 BCE
Greek: Μοίρις (Moíris)
→ Latin: Moeris
→ English: Moeris

the main canal in the Faiyum, the Bahr Yussef, connecting Lake Moeris to the Nile

the town of Moeris near Crocodilopolis (modern Faiyum), along the northern side of the Moeris canal


mr-wr

Demotic: mr-wr, m-wr

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Μνεῦῐς (Mneûis), Μνηῦις (Mnēûis)

→ Latin: Mnēvis

→ English: Mnevis

Old Coptic: ⲉⲙⲛⲉⲩⲓ (emneui)

Mnevis, a solar bull god venerated in Heliopolis, considered to be embodied in a living black bull selected by the priesthood there and later sometimes treated as an aspect of the god Atum-Ra


ws

w-s-G37 2-lit. (canonical)
ws (infinitive)
wsw (infinitive negative)
ws (infinitive negative)
wst (infinitive)
ws (imperative infinitive singular)
j.ws (imperative infinitive singular)
ws (imperative infinitive plural)
j.ws (imperative infinitive plural)
ws (stative)
ḥr ws (imperfective)
m ws (imperfective)
r ws (prospective)
ws.n (active perfect)
wsw (passive perfect)
ws (passive perfect)
ws.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
wst (terminative)
ws (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ws.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ws (active imperfective)
j.ws (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ws (active prospective)
wss (passive prospective)
ws.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ws (active subjunctive)
j.ws (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ws.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ws (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ws (active participle perfective)
wss (participle passive perfective)
wssj (participle passive perfective)
ws (participle passive perfective)
wsw (participle passive perfective)
wsy (participle passive perfective)
j.ws (active imperfective participle relative)
ws (active imperfective participle relative)
wsy (active imperfective participle relative)
wsw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.ws (active imperfective participle)
j.wsw (active imperfective participle)
ws (active imperfective participle)
wsj (active imperfective participle)
wsy (active imperfective participle)
ws (imperfective participle passive)
wsw (imperfective participle passive)
ws (active participle prospective relative)
wstj (active participle prospective relative)
wstj (participle prospective)
wst (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to lack
(with m) to lack (something)


ws

w-s-pr (canonical masculine)
ws (singular)
wswj (dual)
wsw (plural)

(only used in the phrase pr-m-ws) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

crack or some other reference point from which the height of a pyramid is measured


gs

g-s-gs (canonical masculine)
gs (singular)
gswj (dual)
gsw (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲟⲥ (čos)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϭⲁⲥ (cas)

Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲟⲥ (cos)


gs

gs:z-W22:D40 2-lit. (canonical)
gs (infinitive)
gsw (infinitive negative)
gs (infinitive negative)
gst (infinitive)
gs (imperative infinitive singular)
j.gs (imperative infinitive singular)
gs (imperative infinitive plural)
j.gs (imperative infinitive plural)
gs (stative)
ḥr gs (imperfective)
m gs (imperfective)
r gs (prospective)
gs.n (active perfect)
gsw (passive perfect)
gs (passive perfect)
gs.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
gst (terminative)
gs (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
gs.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
gs (active imperfective)
j.gs (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
gs (active prospective)
gss (passive prospective)
gs.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
gs (active subjunctive)
j.gs (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
gs.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
gs (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
gs (active participle perfective)
gss (participle passive perfective)
gssj (participle passive perfective)
gs (participle passive perfective)
gsw (participle passive perfective)
gsy (participle passive perfective)
j.gs (active imperfective participle relative)
gs (active imperfective participle relative)
gsy (active imperfective participle relative)
gsw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.gs (active imperfective participle)
j.gsw (active imperfective participle)
gs (active imperfective participle)
gsj (active imperfective participle)
gsy (active imperfective participle)
gs (imperfective participle passive)
gsw (imperfective participle passive)
gs (active participle prospective relative)
gstj (active participle prospective relative)
gstj (participle prospective)
gst (participle prospective)


mds

m-d-s-T30 3-lit. (canonical)
mds (infinitive)
mdsw (infinitive negative)
mds (infinitive negative)
mdst (infinitive)
mds (imperative infinitive singular)
mds (imperative infinitive plural)
mds (stative)
ḥr mds (imperfective)
m mds (imperfective)
r mds (prospective)
mds.n (active perfect)
mds.jn (active consecutive contingent)
mdst (active terminative)
mds (active perfective)
mds.ḫr (active obligative)
mds (active imperfective)
mds (active prospective)
mds.kꜣ (active potential)
mds (active subjunctive)
mds.n (active participle perfect)
mds (active participle perfective)
mds (participle passive perfective)
mdsw (participle passive perfective)
mdsy (participle passive perfective)
mds (active imperfective participle)
mdsy (active imperfective participle)
mdsw (active imperfective participle)
mdsj (active imperfective participle)
mds (imperfective participle passive)
mdsw (imperfective participle passive)
mds (active participle prospective)
mdstj (active participle prospective)
mdstj (participle prospective)
mdst (participle prospective)


mꜥḥꜥt

m-aHa-t:pr (canonical feminine)
mꜥḥꜥt (singular)
mꜥḥꜥtj (dual)
mꜥḥꜥwt (plural)

⇒ Demotic: mḥw, mẖw

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙϩⲱ (mhō)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙϩⲁⲩ (mhau), ⲉⲙϩⲁⲩ (emhau)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲙϩⲉⲟⲩ (emheou)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲙϩⲉⲉⲩ (mheeu)

Old Coptic: ⲙϩⲁⲟⲩⲉ (mhaoue)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙϩⲁⲁⲩ (mhaau), ⲙϩⲁⲟⲩ (mhaou), ⲙϩⲁⲩⲉ (mhaue)


ꜥḥꜥ

aHa-a:D54 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜥḥꜥ (infinitive)
ꜥḥꜥw (infinitive negative)
ꜥḥꜥ (infinitive negative)
ꜥḥꜥt (infinitive)
ꜥḥꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥḥꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥḥꜥ (stative)
ḥr ꜥḥꜥ (imperfective)
m ꜥḥꜥ (imperfective)
r ꜥḥꜥ (prospective)
ꜥḥꜥ.n (active perfect)
ꜥḥꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ꜥḥꜥt (active terminative)
ꜥḥꜥ (active perfective)
ꜥḥꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
ꜥḥꜥ (active imperfective)
ꜥḥꜥ (active prospective)
ꜥḥꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
ꜥḥꜥ (active subjunctive)
ꜥḥꜥ.n (active participle perfect)
ꜥḥꜥ (active participle perfective)
ꜥḥꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ꜥḥꜥw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥḥꜥy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥḥꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḥꜥy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḥꜥw (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḥꜥj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḥꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥḥꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥḥꜥ (active participle prospective)
ꜥḥꜥtj (active participle prospective)
ꜥḥꜥtj (participle prospective)
ꜥḥꜥt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ꜥḥꜥt

ꜥḥꜥ, ꜥḥꜥy, ꜥḥꜥw5

ꜥḥꜥ, ꜥḥꜥw5, ꜥḥꜥy5

ꜥḥꜥ, ꜥḥꜥj6, ꜥḥꜥy6

ꜥḥꜥtj4, ꜥḥꜥt4

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱϩⲉ (ōhe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟϩⲓ (ohi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲱϩⲓ (ōhi), ⲁϩⲓ (ahi)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲱϩⲉ (ōhe)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲱϩⲉ (ōhe), ⲟϩⲉ (ohe)

(intransitive) to stand up (+ r: to rise up against)

(intransitive) to be(come) present, to be in attendance

(intransitive, with n or ḥr, Late Egyptian) to wait for (someone or something)

(intransitive, with n or ḥr, Late Egyptian) to lack, to be missing (something), to need


ꜥḥꜥ

ꜥḥꜥ (singular)
ꜥḥꜥwj (dual)
ꜥḥꜥw (plural)

i:n zA-Z1-s-n:Z2 mr:r-s-n:Z2 A21-w-s-n:Z2 s-anx-n:x r:n-s-n:Z2 Hr:Z1 aHa-Z1:O39 p:n
[…] jn sꜣ.sn mr.sn šmsw.sn sꜥnḫ rnw.sn ḥr ꜥḥꜥ pn […]

Early Middle Kingdom, Stela of Inher-hotep, Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum, ÄS 90

[…] by their beloved eldest son, who makes their names live on before this stela […]


wḥꜣt

wḥꜣt (singular)
wḥꜣtj (dual)
wḥꜣwt (plural)

cauldron in the afterworld in which evildoers are punished


wḥꜣt

Demotic: wḥj

Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲁϩ (bah)

→ Ottoman Turkish: واح (vah)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉϩⲓ (ouehi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲁϩⲉ (ouahe)

desctree

→ Arabic: وَاحَة (wāḥa)
→ Persian: واحه
→ Indonesian: wahah
→ Malay: wahah
→ Ottoman Turkish: واحه (vahā)
> Turkish: vaha (inherited)
→ Tatar: ваһа (waha)
→ Uyghur: ۋاھە (wahe)
→ Uzbek: voha

→ Ancient Greek: Ὄᾰσῐς (Óasis), Αὔᾰσῐς (Aúasis)
→ Armenian: ովասիս (ovasis) (learned)
→ Latin: Oasis (see there for further descendants)

any one of the seven oases in this region


nṯr

nṯr (singular)
nṯrwj (dual)
nṯrw (plural)

Demotic:  (ntr)

desc

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (noute), ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲧⲉ (nounte)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϯ (nouti)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϯ (nouti)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (noute)

Old Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (noute)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (noute)

nṯrtj

implement for; opening the mouth” of the deceased”

D35-r:x-Y1-n:t-w-xpr-r:*t-Z2:ir-r:*t-nTr-Z1-x*t:f-U35-A24-f

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) line 2.2

One cannot know what might come to be or what the god might do when he punishes.


kꜣnꜥnꜥ

k-A:n:a-n:a:T14*N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

cog

Hebrew כְּנַעַן


ꜣtp

m:a-t:n:Z2-D35:t*t-nDs-m-rd-s-H_SPACE:W-xt-s-m-nb:t-A-t:p-A9-xt-
-gm-m-H-t:D6-Hr-Z1-s-m-mw-m-nb:t-anx-Z1-N34
m.tn jwtt {m} pdsw.s m nbt ꜣtp gmḥt ḥr.s m mw m nbt ꜥnḫ

c. 1295 BCE – 1186 BCE, The Admonitions of Ipuwer (pLeiden I 344 Recto) line 8.5

Look, she who had no box is the owner of a chest; she who observed her face in the water is the owner of a mirror.


ꜣṯp

A-T:p-A9 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜣṯp (infinitive)
ꜣṯpw (infinitive negative)
ꜣṯp (infinitive negative)
ꜣṯpt (infinitive)
ꜣṯp (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣṯp (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣṯp (stative)
ḥr ꜣṯp (imperfective)
m ꜣṯp (imperfective)
r ꜣṯp (prospective)
ꜣṯp.n (active perfect)
ꜣṯpw (passive perfect)
ꜣṯp (passive perfect)
ꜣṯp.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜣṯpt (terminative)
ꜣṯp (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜣṯp.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜣṯp (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜣṯp (active prospective)
ꜣṯpp (passive prospective)
ꜣṯp.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜣṯp (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜣṯp.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜣṯp (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜣṯp (active participle perfective)
ꜣṯp (participle passive perfective)
ꜣṯpw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣṯpy (participle passive perfective)
ꜣṯp (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣṯpy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣṯpw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜣṯp (active imperfective participle)
ꜣṯpj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣṯpy (active imperfective participle)
ꜣṯp (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣṯpw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣṯp (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣṯptj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣṯptj (participle prospective)
ꜣṯpt (participle prospective)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲃⲧ (ōbt)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲱⲧⲡ (ōtp)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲧⲡ̄ (ōtp̄)

(transitive) to put a cargo in or on (a vessel, animal, or person); to load (+ ẖr, + m: to load with)

aHa-a:n-A-t-p-A56-a:n-A1-s-t-r-d-p-t-P1-t:n

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) line 166

(transitive) to load (a cargo) (+ r: into (a ship))

(intransitive, often figurative) to be(come) laden

(intransitive) to be(come) laden with trouble or hardship; to be(come) oppressed or miserable


dšrt

From dšr (“red”) + -t (feminine ending), thus literally meaning “the red one”.

The desert that surrounds Egypt and the Nile River Valley.


dšrt

→ English: deshret


qrwjwꜣpꜣdrꜣ

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κλεοπάτρα (Kleopátra).

A female given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Cleopatra, notably borne by Cleopatra.


ysrjꜣr

If the term means Israel, as is considered most likely, then borrowed from Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yiśrāʾēl). (However, alternative readings have sometimes been proposed, such as Jezreel.)

bor

Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל (yiśrāʾēl)

i-i-z:Z1s*Z1s:r-i-A-r:Z1*T14-A1*B1:Z2 f:k:t:nDs b:n pr:r*:t-N33C:Z2:f

c. 1208 B.C.E., Merneptah Stele, Line 27

Israel is laid waste, and he has no seed.

a demonym or placename; probably Israel (an ancient kingdom in Western Asia, approximately coincident with the modern State of Israel)


ptwꜣrwmys

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πτολεμαῖος (Ptolemaîos).

<-p:d-w-l:M-i-i-s->

<-p*t:l-W:M-i-i-s->

<-p:t-wA-l:M-i-i-s-anx-D:t:tA-p:t-H-mr->

A male given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Ptolemy, notably borne by several members of the Ptolemaic dynasty


ṯḥnw

T-T14-H-nw*nw:nw-N18 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)


rꜥmssw

Alternative transliteration of rꜥ-ms-sw.


wsjr

→ Akkadian: (𒁍)𒅆𒊒 (/-uširu/) in 𒌷𒁍𒅆𒊒 (^(ālu)pu-ši-ru), 𒍜 (/-šir/) in 𒁹𒁍𒋾𒍜 (ˡpu-ti-šir₄)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ὄσιρις (Ósiris), Ὕσιρις (Húsiris)

→ English: Osiris

→ Latin: Osīris

→ Aramaic: אוֹסרי, אסרי, אסר-, -וסרי, -סרי

Demotic: wsjr, Ουσιρι (Ousiri), Ουσορ- (Ousor-)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲓ (ousiri)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲉ (ousire)

→ Meroitic: 𐦠𐦯𐦣𐦫𐦢 (asori /asuri/, /usuri/)

→ Phoenician: 𐤀𐤎𐤓 (ʾsr)

→ Thamudic: 𐩦𐩧 (-śr) in 𐩱𐩨𐩵𐩦𐩧 (ʿbdśr)

Several proposals have been made for the etymology and meaning of the original name; as Smith (2017) notes, none are fully convincing. Most take wsjr as the accepted transliteration, following Adolf Erman:
* Griffiths (1980), “bearing in mind Erman’s emphasis on the fact that the name must begin with an [sic] w”, proposes a derivation from wsr with an original meaning of “The Mighty One”.
* Sethe (1930) proposes a compound st-jrt, meaning “seat of the eye”, in a hypothetical earlier form *wst-jrt; this is rejected by Griffiths on phonetic grounds.
* Lorton (1985) takes up a similar compound but explains st-jrt as signifying “product, something made”, from the verb jrj, with Osiris representing the product of the mummification process.
* Westendorf (1987) proposes an etymology from wꜣst-jrt “she who bears the eye”.
* Zeidler (2000) reviews the common hypotheses and rejects the interpretation of the second element as either jrj (“to do, make”) or jrt (“eye”) on phonetic grounds, ultimately agreeing with Griffiths on the meaning and rendering the name (w)sr(w) with the assumption that the writing of the name reflects an archaic use of the throne and eye hieroglyphs as uniliteral signs.
* Smith (2017) makes no definitive proposals but asserts that the second element must be a form of jrj (“to do, make”) (rather than jrt (“eye”)), since the word is found complemented with r in writings of the Middle Kingdom.
However, recently alternative transliterations have been proposed:
* Muchiki (1990) reexamines Erman’s evidence that the throne hieroglyph in the word is to be read ws and finds it unconvincing, suggesting instead that the name should be read ꜣsjr on the basis of Aramaic, Phoenician, and Old South Arabian transcriptions, readings of the throne sign in other words, and comparison with ꜣst (“Isis”).
* Allen (2010) reads the word as jsjrt but later revises the reading (2013) to jsjrj and derives it from js-jrj, meaning “engendering (male) principle”.

i-nD-D:Hr:k-Q2:ir-nb:H*ra*H-sw-t:Z2ss-nTr-I1S:Z2-r:n:nw*Z2ss-Dsr:r-xpr-Z3-S:t*U30-i-ir:w-m-r:Z1-pr:Z1*Z2ss
j.nḏ ḥr.k wsjr nb nḥḥ nswt nṯr(w) ꜥšꜣ rnw ḏsr ḫprw štꜣ jrw m rw-prw

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 1

Hail to you, Osiris, lord of eternity, king of gods, numerous of names, sacred of developments, secret of rites in temples!

(in funerary literature) conventionally appended before the name of the deceased: Osirian form of a dead person, deceased person as Osiris (see usage notes)


mry-n-ptḥ

From mry (“beloved”) + n(j) (“of”) + ptḥ (“Ptah”).

compound

a male given name, Merneptah or Merenptah


jsqꜣrnj

i-s-q-A-r:n:y-T14:N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

ini:n-w-i-s-q-A-r:n:y-T14:N25-mH:w:D40-M:q*A-DA-A-r:Z1-T14:xAst-i-i-n&U19&nw-a:G3-M:T14*xAst-ir:w-M:t:tm:M-Y1:wn:n
jnw jsqꜣrnj mḥw m qꜣḏꜣrꜣ ynwꜥmꜣ jr.w m tm wn

Ashkelon is carried off, Gezer is seized, Yanoam is made nonexistent.

alternative reading of theattestation on the Merneptah Stele


wsir

Manuel de Codage transliteration of wsjr.


Alternative transliteration of qrwjwꜣpꜣdrꜣ.


st-ib

Manuel de Codage transliteration of st-jb.


SAa-r

Manuel de Codage transliteration of šꜣꜥ r.


mn-nfr

mn:n-nfr-f:r-O24-O49 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

→ Akkadian:

Neo-Assyrian: 𒈨𒅎𒉿 (me-em-pi /mempi/)

Coptic:

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲉϥⲓ (mefi), ⲙⲉⲛϥ (menf)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲛ̄ϥⲉ (mn̄fe), ⲙⲉⲛⲃⲉ (menbe)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Μέμφις (Mémphis)
Greek: Μέμφις (Mémfis), Μέμφιδα (Mémfida)
→ Latin: Memphis
→ English: Memphis

→ Hebrew: מֹף (mōp̄), נֹף (nōp̄)

Shortened from mn-nfr-ppy (“the pyramid of Pepy”), from mn (“to endure”) + nfr(w) (“beauty”) + ppy (“Pepy”) with the final two words in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘The beauty of Pepy endures’. The shortened name could be reinterpreted as mn (“enduring”) + nfr(w) (“beauty”), ‘enduring of beauty’.


iizriAr

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ysrjꜣr.


ptwArwMiis

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ptwꜣrwmys.


qliwApAdrA

Manuel de Codage transliteration of qrwjwꜣpꜣdrꜣ.


Akr

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜣkr.


m mAwt

Manuel de Codage transliteration of m mꜣwt.


am-mwt

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜥm-mwt.


aAmmiit

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜥꜣmmyt.


ammiit

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜥmmyt.


amtMtw

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜥmtmtw.


amAmiit

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜥmꜣmyt.


ꜥm-mwt

ꜥm (“(one) devouring”) + mwt (“dead”), thus ‘devourer of the dead’.

Ammit or Ammut, an Egyptian goddess who devours the hearts of the dead who are judged unrighteous.


ṯzt

T:z-t-Tz (canonical feminine)
ṯzt (singular)
ṯztj (dual)
ṯzwt (plural)

ṯz (“to tie, to knot, to marshal”) + -t (“feminine suffix”)


ṯzt

ṯzt (singular)
ṯztj (dual)
ṯzwt (plural)


ṯzt

Tz:t:xAst (canonical feminine)
ṯzt (singular)
ṯztj (dual)
ṯzwt (plural)


ꜣkr

Aker, the Egyptian god of the earth and the horizon

the earth (in parallel to the atmosphere šw, as a location traversed by the dead king)


ꜣkr

ꜣkr (singular)
ꜣkrwj (dual)
ꜣkrw (plural)

(usually in the plural) one of many gods representing forces of the earth, often imagined as serpents


am HH

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜥm-ḥḥ.


jmn-ḥtp

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀμενώθης (Amenṓthēs), Ἀμένωφις (Aménōphis), Ἀμενόθης (Amenóthēs)
Greek: Αμένωφις (Aménofis)
→ Latin: Amenōphis
→ English: Amenophis
→ Portuguese: Amenófis

Coptic: ⲁⲙⲉⲛⲱⲑ (amenōth)

jmn (“Amun”) + ḥtp(.w) (“is satisfied”), masculine third-person singular stative form of ḥtp (“to satisfy”), thus literally ‘Amun is satisfied’. The name is transcribed in the Amarna letters as 𒀀𒈠𒀭𒄩𒀜𒁉 (a-ma-an-ḫa-at-pe₂).

(Egyptian mythology) Amenhotep (son of Hapu), a deified scribe and architect


jmnt

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀμαῦνι (Amaûni)


antit

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜥntjt.


ꜥntjt

Anat, an Egyptian goddess of war and fertility.


ꜥnqt

ꜥnq (“to flow in, to flood”) + -t (feminine ending).

af

the goddess Anuket, personification of the Nile river.


jn-ḥrt

desc

Middle Babylonian: [script needed] (na-aḫ-ra-) in [script needed] (na-aḫ-ra-ma-áš-ši)

Ancient Greek: Ὄνουρις (Ónouris)

/ʔaˈneʔħərə/

/ʔaˈneʔħərə/

From jn (“(one who) carries”) + ḥrt (“(what is) above, heaven”).

compound

Anhur/Anhor/Onuris, Egyptian god of war and hunting.


ꜥm-ḥḥ

From ꜥm (“eat”) + ḥḥ (“million”), literally “devourer of millions”.

Am-heh, an Egyptian god of the afterworld.


ptwAlMiis

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ptwꜣrwmys.


bḥz

bḥz (singular)
bḥzwj (dual)
bḥzw (plural)