yḥm

i-i-N42-m-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew יַחַם (yaḥam).

Yaham (an ancient Canaanite city near Megiddo)


ꜣqyt

ꜣkyt (singular)
ꜣkytj (dual)
ꜣkywt (plural)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲕⲱ (akō), ⲁⲅⲱ (agō), ⲅⲱ (gō)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲕⲱ (akō), ⲁⲅⲱ (agō), ⲅⲱ (gō)

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE


ꜥr n pt

ꜥr n pt (singular)
ꜥrwj nwj pt (dual)
ꜥrw nw pt (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲙⲡⲉ (almpe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲙⲫⲉ (almphe)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲗⲉⲙⲡⲏ (elempē)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲙⲡⲉ (almpe)

ꜥr (“pebble”) + n(j) (“of”) + pt (“sky”), thus ‘pebble of the sky’.


wꜣrt

wꜣrt (singular)
wꜣrtj (dual)
wꜣrwt (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲟⲩ (alou)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲱ (alō), ⲉⲗⲱ (elō)

tow rope for a clap net or for the solar barque

restraining rope used in hunting hippopotamoi

cord, rope, line
rope stretched in foundation ceremonies


ꜥrq-rnpt

ꜥrqy (“last day of the month”) + rnpt (“year”) in a direct genitive construction.

last day of the year (as a festival), New Year's Eve


ꜣrr

>? Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲱⲗ (alōl)

(Late Egyptian, hapax) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

i-W-t:n:Z2-G7-Sd:d-Z5-BLACKDOT:Y1-A24-s-t-r-m:*t-Z6-nb-r-Ab-m:r-nDs-nb-r-x:n-nw-W-T14-G41:Y1-A2-nb-!-r-b-t-U30-A-W-nDs-nb-r-t:x-t:x-Z9-A24-nb-r-A-BLACKDOT:r*Z1-BLACKDOT:r*Z1-Z9-A24-nb-r-md-d:t*BLACKDOT-A2-nb-!-b-i-n:nDs-Z6-r-md-d:t*BLACKDOT-A2-nb-d-Hr:r-i-W-Aa2:nDs-r-md-d:t*BLACKDOT-A2-nb-Z1*Z1:nw-BLACKDOT:Y1-r-md-d:t*BLACKDOT-A2-p-W-i-A-TA*Z1-Z9-A24
jw.{t}n (r) šd.st r mwt nb r mr nb r ḫnw nb r btꜣw nb r tḫtḫ nb r ꜣrr nb r mdwt nb bjn r mdwt nb dḥrjw r mdwt nb snnw r mdwt pwjꜣṯꜣ

c. 21st–23rd Dynasty, 1077–720 BCE, Oracular Amuletic Decree L1 (pBM EA 10083), recto, lines x+23 to x+28

We will rescue her from every death, from every sickness, from every abomination, from every ill deed, from every confusion, from every frustration, from every evil word, from every bitter word, from every second(-rate) word, and from mocking words.


ꜣrwkt

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲓϫⲓ (aliči)

fuller’s earth or more generally fuller’s mixture used to bleach cloth, for example including natron, oil, myrrh, and wine


ꜥꜥ

Compare ꜥꜣꜥ (“to spew, to ejaculate; semen, noxious substance”).


ꜥꜥꜣm

>? Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲁⲙ (aam)

a kind of plant administered internally for medicinal purposes


ꜥꜥwj n qdd

/ɑːʔɑːuːi ɛn kɛdɛd/

ꜥꜥw (“sleep”) + n(j) (“of”) + qdd (“sleep”), thus literally ‘a sleep of sleep’.


ꜥꜥjw

Perhaps from ꜥꜥj (“to wail, jabber, be fearful”) + -w, if not to be identified with ꜥꜥw (“sleep”).

Something undesirable which is to be kept away. The meaning of this term is uncertain.


ꜥꜥt

Perhaps from ꜣꜥꜥ (“to accuse, to harm”) + -t.


ꜥꜣp

a:aA-A-p (canonical masculine)
ꜥꜣp (singular)
ꜥꜣpwj (dual)
ꜥꜣpw (plural)


ꜥꜣbt

desc

Demotic: ꜥbj.t, ꜥbj, ꜥb.t, ꜥb, ꜥꜥb.t, ꜣb

offerings, especially a large set of offerings to the gods, hecatomb


ꜥꜣbt

From ꜥꜣb (“to be pleasing, to be selfish”) + -t.


jꜥj ḥr

jꜥj (“to wash”) + ḥr (“face”), thus ‘to wash the face’.

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see jꜥj, ḥr.


jꜥj jb

jꜥj (“to wash”) + jb (“heart, mind”), thus ‘to wash the heart/mind’.

(with following genitive) to make (someone) happy, to satisfy (someone)

to satisfy oneself by giving vent to one’s desires: to slake one’s ardor, to take vengeance on one’s enemies, etc.


jꜥw n jb

jꜥw (“washing”) + n(j) (“of”) + jb (“heart, mind”), thus literally ‘washing of the heart/mind’. For the meaning compare jꜥj jb (“to satisfy, to satisfy oneself, to give vent to one’s desires, etc.”, literally “to wash the heart/mind”).


ꜥb ḫt

ꜥb (“to unite, to present”) + ḫt (“thing”).


jꜥb ẖꜣt

jꜥb (“to unite”) + ẖꜣt (“corpse”), thus literally ‘to unite a corpse’ (i.e., with the earth).


jꜥj nbw

ir:n-A1-b-N42:bH-N33C-xAst-m-n:x-n:t-Xrd-d-A-i-r:T12-A24-n:A1-wr:Z2-r-
t
-mw-nbw:N33A
jr.n.j bjꜣ m nḫnt(.j) dꜣjr.n.j wrw r jꜥt nbw

c. 1878–1843 BCE (reign of Amenemhat II), Stela of Sa-Hathor (British Museum EA 569), right door jamb, column 1

I prepared a mine in my youth, and I pressed the chieftains into washing gold.

to separate the heavier gold out from lighter gangue by the action of flowing water; to wash gold


jꜥ-ḥr

jꜥ (“washing”) + ḥr (“face”), thus ‘washing of the face’.


jꜥw

jꜥw (singular)
jꜥwwj (dual)
jꜥww (plural)

jꜥj (“to wash”) + -w, literally ‘washing’. The ‘breakfast’ sense is shortened from jꜥw-r (“breakfast”, literally “washing of the mouth”).


jꜥryt

i-a:r-i-i-t:pr (canonical feminine)
jꜥryt (singular)
jꜥrytj (dual)
jꜥrywt (plural)


ꜥrꜥr

a:r-a:r-Z9:D40 4-lit. (canonical)
ꜥrꜥr (infinitive)
ꜥrꜥrw (infinitive negative)
ꜥrꜥr (infinitive negative)
ꜥrꜥrt (infinitive)
ꜥrꜥr (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥrꜥr (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥrꜥr (stative)
ḥr ꜥrꜥr (imperfective)
m ꜥrꜥr (imperfective)
r ꜥrꜥr (prospective)
ꜥrꜥr.n (active perfect)
ꜥrꜥrw (passive perfect)
ꜥrꜥr (passive perfect)
ꜥrꜥr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜥrꜥrt (terminative)
ꜥrꜥr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜥrꜥr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜥrꜥr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜥrꜥrw (active prospective)
ꜥrꜥr (active prospective)
ꜥrꜥrw (passive prospective)
ꜥrꜥr (passive prospective)
ꜥrꜥr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜥrꜥr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜥrꜥr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜥrꜥr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜥrꜥr (active participle perfective)
ꜥrꜥr (participle passive perfective)
ꜥrꜥrw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥrꜥry (participle passive perfective)
ꜥrꜥr (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥrꜥry (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥrꜥrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜥrꜥr (active imperfective participle)
ꜥrꜥrj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥrꜥry (active imperfective participle)
ꜥrꜥr (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥrꜥrw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥrꜥr (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥrꜥrtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥrꜥrwtj (participle prospective)
ꜥrꜥrtj (participle prospective)
ꜥrꜥrt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ꜥrꜥrt

ꜥrꜥrw.tj1, ꜥrꜥr.tj1, ꜥrꜥrw.tw2, ꜥrꜥr.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.

(transitive, Late Egyptian) to carry out, to execute (tasks and commands)

(transitive, Late Egyptian) to produce or procure (an object)

(transitive, Late Egyptian) to hire or appoint (people) for some task


ꜥrꜥr

a:r-a:r-D54 4-lit. (canonical)
ꜥrꜥr (infinitive)
ꜥrꜥrw (infinitive negative)
ꜥrꜥr (infinitive negative)
ꜥrꜥrt (infinitive)
ꜥrꜥr (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥrꜥr (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥrꜥr (stative)
ḥr ꜥrꜥr (imperfective)
m ꜥrꜥr (imperfective)
r ꜥrꜥr (prospective)
ꜥrꜥr.n (active perfect)
ꜥrꜥrw (passive perfect)
ꜥrꜥr (passive perfect)
ꜥrꜥr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜥrꜥrt (terminative)
ꜥrꜥr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜥrꜥr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜥrꜥr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜥrꜥrw (active prospective)
ꜥrꜥr (active prospective)
ꜥrꜥrw (passive prospective)
ꜥrꜥr (passive prospective)
ꜥrꜥr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜥrꜥr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜥrꜥr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜥrꜥr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜥrꜥr (active participle perfective)
ꜥrꜥr (participle passive perfective)
ꜥrꜥrw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥrꜥry (participle passive perfective)
ꜥrꜥr (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥrꜥry (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥrꜥrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜥrꜥr (active imperfective participle)
ꜥrꜥrj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥrꜥry (active imperfective participle)
ꜥrꜥr (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥrꜥrw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥrꜥr (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥrꜥrtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥrꜥrwtj (participle prospective)
ꜥrꜥrtj (participle prospective)
ꜥrꜥrt (participle prospective)

(transitive or intransitive with r or r sꜣ, of the inundation) to rise up over, to flood (fields)


ꜥrꜥr

ꜥrꜥr (singular)
ꜥrꜥrwj (dual)
ꜥrꜥrw (plural)

(Late Egyptian) a kind of receptacle, perhaps a kind of basket


ꜥrꜥr

desc

>? Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲓⲗ (alil), ⲁⲗⲓⲗⲓ (alili)

>? Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲓⲗ (alil)


ꜥrꜥr

a:r-a:r-xt (canonical masculine)
ꜥrꜥr (singular)
ꜥrꜥrwj (dual)
ꜥrꜥrw (plural)

(hapax) A term relating to the renovation of divine barques. The meaning of this term is uncertain.


rmnj

r:mn-n:D41 4ae inf. (canonical)
rmn (infinitive)
rmnw (infinitive negative)
rmnyw (infinitive negative)
rmn (infinitive negative)
rmnt (infinitive)
rmnwt (infinitive)
rmnyt (infinitive)
rmn (imperative infinitive singular)
rmn (imperative infinitive plural)
rmny (imperative infinitive plural)
rmn (stative)
ḥr rmn (imperfective)
m rmn (imperfective)
r rmn (prospective)
rmn.n (active perfect)
rmnw (passive perfect)
rmn (passive perfect)
rmny (passive perfect)
rmn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
rmnt (terminative)
rmn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
rmn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
rmn (active imperfective)
rmny (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
rmnw (active prospective)
rmn (active prospective)
rmny (active prospective)
rmnn (passive prospective)
rmn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
rmn (active subjunctive)
rmny (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
rmn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
rmnw (active participle perfective relative)
rmny (active participle perfective relative)
rmn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
rmn (active participle perfective)
rmny (participle passive perfective)
rmn (participle passive perfective)
rmnn (active imperfective participle relative)
rmnny (active imperfective participle relative)
rmnnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
rmnn (active imperfective participle)
rmnnj (active imperfective participle)
rmnny (active imperfective participle)
rmnn (imperfective participle passive)
rmnnw (imperfective participle passive)
rmnw (active participle prospective relative)
rmny (active participle prospective relative)
rmn (active participle prospective relative)
rmntj (active participle prospective relative)
rmnwtj (participle prospective)
rmntj (participle prospective)
rmnt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

rmnt

rmnw.tj1, rmn.tj1, rmny.tj1, rmnw.tw2, rmn.tw2, rmny.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">-y</i> instead of the expected stative ending.

>? Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲟⲛⲓ (amoni)

(transitive) to carry, to bear up (a person or an object, especially a sacred object such as a cultic image, divine barque, chapel, or statue)

(transitive) to support, to hold up (the sky)

(transitive) to match, to equal or outweigh

(transitive) to bring (something) (+ r: to (a place); + n: to (someone))

(transitive) to carry off, to carry away

(intransitive, with r or ḥr) to support oneself on


rmnn

r:mn-n:n-xAst m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

Borrowed from Semitic; compare Hebrew לְבָנוֹן (ləḇānôn).

cog

Hebrew לְבָנוֹן (ləḇānôn)


r jmntt

r (“regarding, to, against”) + jmntt (“west”).

af

cry conventionally used when conveying the dead to their final resting places: to the west!

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see r, jmntt.


tp rmn

‘upon the shoulder’, said of the place where a crown rests


ꜥš ḥꜣt

ꜥš (“to call”) + ḥꜣt (“front, bow”), thus literally ‘to call the bow’; the noun is derived with the participle of ꜥš, thus literally ‘(the one) calling the bow’.


ꜥš ḥꜣt

ꜥš ḥꜣt (singular)
ꜥšwj ḥꜣt (dual)
ꜥšw ḥꜣt (plural)


ꜥšj

a:S-Aa2-A2 3ae inf. (canonical)
ꜥšt (infinitive)
ꜥšj (infinitive)
ꜥšw (infinitive negative)
ꜥš (infinitive negative)
ꜥšwt (infinitive)
ꜥšyt (infinitive)
ꜥš (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥš (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥšy (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥš (stative)
ꜥšš (stative)
ḥr ꜥšt (imperfective)
ḥr ꜥšj (imperfective)
m ꜥšt (imperfective)
m ꜥšj (imperfective)
r ꜥšt (prospective)
r ꜥšj (prospective)
ꜥš.n (active perfect)
ꜥšw (passive perfect)
ꜥš (passive perfect)
ꜥšy (passive perfect)
ꜥš.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜥšt (terminative)
ꜥšyt (terminative)
ꜥš (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜥš.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜥš (active imperfective)
ꜥšy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜥšw (active prospective)
ꜥš (active prospective)
ꜥšy (active prospective)
ꜥšw (passive prospective)
ꜥš (passive prospective)
ꜥšy (passive prospective)
ꜥš.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜥš (active subjunctive)
ꜥšy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜥš.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜥšw (active participle perfective relative)
ꜥšy (active participle perfective relative)
ꜥš (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜥš (active participle perfective)
ꜥšy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥš (participle passive perfective)
ꜥšš (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥššy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥššw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜥšš (active imperfective participle)
ꜥššj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥššy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥšš (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥššw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥšw (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥšy (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥš (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥštj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥšwtj (participle prospective)
ꜥštj (participle prospective)
ꜥšt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ꜥšt, ꜥšyt

ḥr ꜥšt, ḥr ꜥšj

ꜥšw, ꜥš, ꜥšy

ꜥšw, ꜥš, ꜥšy

ꜥšw, ꜥš, ꜥšy

ꜥšw.tj1, ꜥš.tj1, ꜥšy.tj1, ꜥšw.tw2, ꜥš.tw2, ꜥšy.tw2

ꜥšw1, ꜥšy, ꜥš

ꜥšš, ꜥššy, ꜥššw5

ꜥšš, ꜥššj6, ꜥššy6

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">-y</i> instead of the expected stative ending.

(intransitive) to moan, to groan in pain


sḏmt ꜥš

sDm:M:t-a:S (canonical feminine)
sḏmt ꜥš (singular)
sḏmtj ꜥš (dual)
sḏmwt ꜥš (plural)

/sɛd͡ʒmɛt ɑːʃ/

sḏm ꜥš (“servant”) + -t (feminine ending).


𓁛

Representing a god with the head of a falcon bearing sun on head G9 and holding S34

Ideogram or Determinative in rꜥ (“the sun-god”).


𓁦

Ideogram or determinative in mꜣꜥt (“Maat, the goddess of truth”).


mrḥt-jḥtjt

mrḥt (“oil, fat”) + jḥtjt (“throat”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘oil of the throat’.

a kind of oil used in embalming the head


ꜥꜣ-dyw

ꜥꜣ-dyw (singular)
ꜥꜣwj-dyw (dual)
ꜥꜣw-dyw (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲛⲧⲁⲓⲟⲩ (antaiou)

/ɑːʔɑ diːuː/

(Late Egyptian) foreman in charge of fifty men; pentecontarch


jwnꜣ

E9:W-n:A-A2 enclitic (canonical)
ɂsingularOrFEqualsFemRoot (singular)

Demotic: jn, ꜣn, ꜥn

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲛ (en)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲛ (an)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲛ (en)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲛ (an)

(Late Egyptian) accompanies bn to negate an adverbial or nominal sentence, following after the negated element


ꜥꜣ-n-mḏw

aA:n-mD (canonical masculine)
ꜥꜣ-n-mḏw (singular)
ꜥꜣwj-nwj-mḏw (dual)
ꜥꜣw-nw-mḏw (plural)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲛⲙⲏⲧ (anmēt), ⲁⲙⲙⲏⲧ (ammēt)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲛⲙⲏⲧ (anmēt), ⲁⲙⲙⲏⲧ (ammēt)

/ɑːʔɑ ɛn mɛd͡ʒuː/

ꜥꜣ (“great one”) + n (“of”) + mḏw (“ten”).

af

(Late Egyptian) foreman in charge of ten men; decadarch, decurion


rww-ḏr-jꜣḫw

rww (“regions, lands”, late plural variant of jw (“island”)) + ḏr (“limit”) + jꜣḫw (“sunlight”) in a series of direct genitive constructions, thus literally ‘regions of the limit of sunlight’, i.e. ‘all lands so far as the sun shines’.

late plural variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jw</i> (“island”)


jww-ḥrjw-jb

jww (“islands”) + ḥrjw jb (“being in the midst”, literally “being upon the heart”).

(plural only) the stretches of alluvial land in the Nile delta separated by the arms of the river


mrḥ

U7:r-H-nDs 3-lit. (canonical)
mrḥ (infinitive)
mrḥw (infinitive negative)
mrḥ (infinitive negative)
mrḥt (infinitive)
mrḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
mrḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
mrḥ (stative)
ḥr mrḥ (imperfective)
m mrḥ (imperfective)
r mrḥ (prospective)
mrḥ.n (active perfect)
mrḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
mrḥt (active terminative)
mrḥ (active perfective)
mrḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
mrḥ (active imperfective)
mrḥ (active prospective)
mrḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
mrḥ (active subjunctive)
mrḥ.n (active participle perfect)
mrḥ (active participle perfective)
mrḥ (participle passive perfective)
mrḥw (participle passive perfective)
mrḥy (participle passive perfective)
mrḥ (active imperfective participle)
mrḥy (active imperfective participle)
mrḥw (active imperfective participle)
mrḥj (active imperfective participle)
mrḥ (imperfective participle passive)
mrḥw (imperfective participle passive)
mrḥ (active participle prospective)
mrḥtj (active participle prospective)
mrḥtj (participle prospective)
mrḥt (participle prospective)

(intransitive, of buildings and tools) to fall to ruin, to decay

(intransitive, of one’s ba or corpse, usually negated) to perish, to die

(intransitive, of plans, words, festivals, etc., usually negated) to come to nought, to perish, to be erased


mrḥ

U7:r-H-W22 3-lit. (canonical)
mrḥ (infinitive)
mrḥw (infinitive negative)
mrḥ (infinitive negative)
mrḥt (infinitive)
mrḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
mrḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
mrḥ (stative)
ḥr mrḥ (imperfective)
m mrḥ (imperfective)
r mrḥ (prospective)
mrḥ.n (active perfect)
mrḥw (passive perfect)
mrḥ (passive perfect)
mrḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
mrḥt (terminative)
mrḥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
mrḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
mrḥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
mrḥ (active prospective)
mrḥḥ (passive prospective)
mrḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
mrḥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
mrḥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
mrḥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
mrḥ (active participle perfective)
mrḥ (participle passive perfective)
mrḥw (participle passive perfective)
mrḥy (participle passive perfective)
mrḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
mrḥy (active imperfective participle relative)
mrḥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
mrḥ (active imperfective participle)
mrḥj (active imperfective participle)
mrḥy (active imperfective participle)
mrḥ (imperfective participle passive)
mrḥw (imperfective participle passive)
mrḥ (active participle prospective relative)
mrḥtj (active participle prospective relative)
mrḥtj (participle prospective)
mrḥt (participle prospective)

Apparently a back-formation from mrḥt (“oil, fat”); compare the older verb wrḥ (“to anoint”), from which mrḥt itself may originally derive.

(transitive, with m) to coat or provide (a clay figurine) with (enamel)


mrḥ

Demotic: mrḥ

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲣⲏϩⲉ (amrēhe)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲣⲉϩⲓ (mrehi), ⲉⲙⲣⲉϩⲓ (emrehi), ⲙⲃⲣⲉϩⲓ (mbrehi), ⲃⲣⲉϩⲓ (brehi), ⲉⲣⲡⲣⲉϩⲓ (erprehi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲣⲉϩⲓ (amrehi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲣⲏϩⲉ (amrēhe), ⲁⲙⲣⲉϩⲉ (amrehe)

Based on the form of the Coptic descendants, apparently the same word as mrḥt (“oil, fat”) in origin; with the loss of syllable-final -t, the originally-feminine word was reanalyzed as a masculine noun when used in the sense of ‘asphalt’.


mḫꜣ

m-a:x-xA-A-U38 3-lit. (canonical)
mḫꜣ (infinitive)
mḫꜣw (infinitive negative)
mḫꜣ (infinitive negative)
mḫꜣt (infinitive)
mḫꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
mḫꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
mḫꜣ (stative)
ḥr mḫꜣ (imperfective)
m mḫꜣ (imperfective)
r mḫꜣ (prospective)
mḫꜣ.n (active perfect)
mḫꜣw (passive perfect)
mḫꜣ (passive perfect)
mḫꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
mḫꜣt (terminative)
mḫꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
mḫꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
mḫꜣ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
mḫꜣ (active prospective)
mḫꜣꜣ (passive prospective)
mḫꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
mḫꜣ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
mḫꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
mḫꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
mḫꜣ (active participle perfective)
mḫꜣ (participle passive perfective)
mḫꜣw (participle passive perfective)
mḫꜣy (participle passive perfective)
mḫꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
mḫꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
mḫꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
mḫꜣ (active imperfective participle)
mḫꜣj (active imperfective participle)
mḫꜣy (active imperfective participle)
mḫꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
mḫꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
mḫꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
mḫꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
mḫꜣtj (participle prospective)
mḫꜣt (participle prospective)

Ultimately a derivation of ḫꜣj (“to measure”). Compare the noun mḫꜣt (“balance scales”), apparently formed with the nominalizing prefix m-, which suggests that this verb is probably a back-formation from the noun, as already put forward by Gardiner.

(transitive) to bring (a balance scale) into equilibrium, to balance (scales)

(transitive) to make (two things) equal or level, to counterpoise

(transitive) to level (the floor), to make level or flat

(transitive) to friendlily incline (one’s heart/mind) (+ n: to (someone))

(transitive, with r) to adjust (one’s mouth) to (one’s bones) in the Opening of the Mouth ritual

(intransitive) to be perfectly balanced or (figuratively) right-acting

(intransitive, with n, Late Egyptian) to be like, to resemble (someone or something)


mḫꜣ

G20-xA-A-W-Z9-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
mḫꜣ (infinitive)
mḫꜣw (infinitive negative)
mḫꜣ (infinitive negative)
mḫꜣt (infinitive)
mḫꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
mḫꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
mḫꜣ (stative)
ḥr mḫꜣ (imperfective)
m mḫꜣ (imperfective)
r mḫꜣ (prospective)
mḫꜣ.n (active perfect)
mḫꜣw (passive perfect)
mḫꜣ (passive perfect)
mḫꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
mḫꜣt (terminative)
mḫꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
mḫꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
mḫꜣ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
mḫꜣ (active prospective)
mḫꜣꜣ (passive prospective)
mḫꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
mḫꜣ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
mḫꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
mḫꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
mḫꜣ (active participle perfective)
mḫꜣ (participle passive perfective)
mḫꜣw (participle passive perfective)
mḫꜣy (participle passive perfective)
mḫꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
mḫꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
mḫꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
mḫꜣ (active imperfective participle)
mḫꜣj (active imperfective participle)
mḫꜣy (active imperfective participle)
mḫꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
mḫꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
mḫꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
mḫꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
mḫꜣtj (participle prospective)
mḫꜣt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to tie up, to bind (people or captured birds)


mḫꜣ

mḫꜣ (singular)
mḫꜣwj (dual)
mḫꜣw (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲙϣⲓ (amši)

(Late Egyptian) part of a chariot: loop of rope, strap


mḫꜣ

(Late Egyptian) a unit by which figs are counted, perhaps a wreath of figs


ḥntꜣsw

ḥntꜣsw (singular)
ḥntꜣswwj (dual)
ḥntꜣsww (plural)

Demotic: ḥnṱs

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲛⲑⲟⲩⲥ (anthous)

Old Coptic: ϩⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲥ (hantous)


n ꜥꜣt nt

/ɛn ɑːʔɑt nɛt/

n (“to, for, because of”) + ꜥꜣt (“greatness”) + nt (“of”).


ꜥꜣt rwḏt

/ɑːʔɑt ruːd͡ʒɛt/

ꜥꜣt (“precious stone”) + rwḏt (“firm”), thus ‘firm precious stone’.

hard stone including sandstone and limestone


jnḥw

Demotic: jnḥ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲛϩ (onh)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲛϩ (anh), ⲟⲛϩ (onh)


sbꜣw

sbꜣw (singular)
sbꜣwwj (dual)
sbꜣww (plural)

desc

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲁⲃⲉ (sabe), ⲥⲁⲃⲏ (sabē)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲁⲃⲉ (sabe), ⲥⲁⲃⲏ (sabē)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲁⲃⲏ (sabē)

Old Coptic: ⲥⲁⲃⲉ (sabe)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲁⲃⲉ (sabe), ⲥⲁⲃⲏ (sabē)


ẖrj-jw

ẖrj jw (singular)
ẖrjwj jw (dual)
ẖrwj jw (dual)
ẖrjw jw (plural)
ẖrw jw (plural)

ẖrj (“(one) lying under, carrying, being in”) + jw (“wrongdoing, wrong, misfortune”).


jwꜣyt

jwꜣyt (singular)
jwꜣytj (dual)
jwꜣywt (plural)


nj zp jwt ḫt nb jm

nj zp (“never”) + jwt (subjunctive of jwj (“to come”)) + ḫt (“thing”) + nb (“any”) + jm (“in, from”) + (.j) (first-person singular suffix pronoun), thus literally ‘never did any thing come from me’.

subjunctive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jwj</i> (“to come”)

a common formulaic protestation of goodness in tomb autobiographies: nothing bad ever happened because of me, no fault was ever found with me


𓈜

A detailed Old Kingdom form of N37 (𓈙, representing a pool) with its interior covered in vertical zigzags of rippling water.


𓈚

A form of N37 (𓈙, representing a pool) with a few diagonal lines across the interior to suggest ripples of water and distinguish it from similar glyphs; this form originated in hieratic and appeared occasionally in semi-cursive hieroglyphs during the Old Kingdom (and later); it rarely appeared in hieroglyphs proper before the Late Period.


𓎽

Representing a ringstand for holding pots and jars. This is the Old Kingdom form; g (𓎼) developed later.


𓂑

Representing a breast. Sometimes depicted larger, D27A (𓂒). This glyph was conventionally colored yellow.


𓃫

A variant of 𓃩 (E20) which is lying down.

Alternative form of 𓃩
Ideogram for stẖ (“Set”)

Determinative in e.g. nšnj (“thunderstorm”).


𓃩

A depiction of an unidentified animal associated with Set, the Set animal: a slender canid resembling a greyhound, Saluki or jackal, with a distinctive stiff tail (often forked in later depictions) which stands erect whether the animal is sitting, standing, or walking. Its erect ears are usually depicted as squarish or triangular, narrowest at the base and widest at the squarish(perhaps cropped) tops, and its long nose often has a slight downward curve. It may or may not have been a real animal. It is usually depicted at rest, either sitting like this, or lying down: 𓃫 (E21).


𓈝

Representing a pool with legs. A combination of the hieroglyphs N37 (𓈙, phonogram for š) and D54 (𓂻, representing jwj (“to walk”)).

Biliteral phonogram for šm, as in šmj (“to go, walk”).


𓀄

Representing a man crouching with his arms raised, hiding. In later depictions (since partway through the 18th Dynasty), the man is hiding behind a wall; in earlier depictions the wall is not present, and the glyph was visually similar to 𓀃 (A4) but for the different posture. This and other glyphs depicting men conventionally color the skin red; the hair is typically black, and the clothing white (sometimes with black outlines or details).


𓀏

A captive man kneeling with his arms tied behind his back.


wsjr-ḥp

Demotic: wsjr-ḥp

→ Ancient Greek: Σᾰ́ρᾱπῐς (Sárāpis)

→ Latin: Serāpis

→ English: Serapis

→ Minaean: 𐩱𐩻𐩧𐩢𐩰 (ʾṯrḥf)


𓄑

This glyph was conventionally colored white. Due to this, it is generally taken to represent a tusk, but one variant (in the Temple of Sety I at Abydos is green instead, perhaps indicating it had been reinterpreted as a copper water spout there.

egy-hiero-color

A glyph, used in writing e.g. bḥ b-bH:Hn (“a kind of plant”).


𓏙

Generally taken to represent a conical loaf of bread, this glyph was conventionally outlined in black or blue, often with white fill and a red inner triangle; compare 𓏏 X1. Nunn writes that the interpretation of this glyph as bread is questionable: "neither X1 nor X8 is represented as bread on offering tables in funerary scenes"; in e.g. 𓏐 X2 and 𓏑 X3 bread is yellow; and conical bread molds did exist but were rounded: this glyph's shape is more like an angular "funerary cone", but those were white or red.


ꜥꜣrwnꜣ

aA:rw-n:A-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew עִירוֹן (ʿîrôn).

bor

Hebrew עִירוֹן (ʿîrôn)


ḥwrwnꜣ

Hauron, an Egyptian god, originating in the Canaanite pantheon, whose center of worship was in Giza.


bꜣtj-ḥwꜣrwn

G53-Z1-ti-H-wA-A-rw:n:N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew בֵּית חוֹרוֹן (Bêt̲ ḥôrôn).

בֵּית חוֹרוֹן

Hebrew בֵּית חוֹרוֹן (Bêt̲ ḥôrôn)


qbꜥw

q-b-a-w m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew גֶּבַע (Geb̲aʿ).


bꜣṯ-ꜥnṯ

b-bA-T:O1-a:n-T:N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

/bɑt͡ʃ ɑːnɛt͡ʃ/

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew בֵּית עֲנָת (Bêt̲ ʿănāt̲).

Hebrew בֵּית עֲנָת (Bêt̲ ʿănāt̲)


𓍷

Representing the cartouche with an architectural rather than mythological image, as a gigantic ceiling resting on four supports. The phonogrammatic value is derived from the glyph’s use in šnw (“cartouche”).

Determinative in words for the cartouche, as in šnw.


rpwḥw

r:Z1-p-w-Hw:Y1-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew רָפִיחַ (Rāp̲îaḥ).

Hebrew רָפִיחַ (Rāp̲îaḥ)


sẖꜥt

sẖꜥt (singular)
sẖꜥtj (dual)
sẖꜥwt (plural)


mḥꜥw

Demotic: mḥ, mḥe

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲁϩⲉ (mahe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲁϩⲓ (mahi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲁϩⲉ (mahe)

linen; thread or cloth made of flax fiber


ḥjrꜣpw

ḥjrꜣpw (singular)
ḥjrꜣpwwj (dual)
ḥjrꜣpww (plural)

Borrowed from Semitic, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ḥarb-; compare Hebrew חֶרֶב (ḥéreḇ), Akkadian 𒄑𒀳𒌆𒆥 (ḫarbum).


ršpw

Ultimately from Eblaite 𒀭𒊏𒊓𒀊 (ra-sa-ap). Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎗𐎌𐎔 (ršp), and Hebrew רֶשֶׁף.


m-r

Alternative transliteration of jmj-r (“overseer”).


jmj-r-šnwt

jmj-r-šnwt (singular)
jmjwj-r-šnwt (dual)
jmjw-r-šnwt (plural)

jmj-r (“overseer”) + šnwt (“granary”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘overseer of the granary’.

Late 5th Dynasty, c. 2408–2341 BCE, False Door of Nykara (Cleveland 1964.91), left jamb, caption above Ankhmara

His eldest son, overseer of the granary, Ankhmara

an official title: overseer of the granary


mꜥšꜣdjdjt

mꜥšꜣdjdjt (singular)
mꜥšꜣdjdjtj (dual)
mꜥšꜣdjdjwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲁϣⲑⲱϯ (mašthōti)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙϣⲧⲱⲧⲉ (mštōte), ⲙⲓϣⲧⲱⲧⲉ (mištōte)


wšd r mdwt

wšd (“to address, to question, to welcome”) + r (“for, to”) + mdwt (“words, speech”).


𓌪

A depiction of a knife with a curved handle. In an example from Rekhmire's tomb, it is colored red, either to represent danger or copper.
Compare the Chinese character 刀 (Bronze inscriptional form ).

Ideogram for cutting, used in šꜥ, as well as jw, smꜣ, zfṯ, zft, etc.


jḥt

jḥt (singular)
jḥtj (dual)
jḥwt (plural)

Demotic: jḥ.t

From jḥ (“ox; head of cattle”) + -t (feminine ending).


ꜥrw

From jꜥr (“to ascend, to approach”) + -w.

nearby area; vicinity, proximity, neighborhood


jwꜣt

i-wA-t (canonical feminine)
jwꜣt (singular)
jwꜣtj (dual)
jwꜣwt (plural)


jꜥḥ wr

epithet for the god Khonsu as the full moon


jwꜥyt

From jwꜥ (“to inherit; to endow”) + -yt; the underlying sense may thus be a ‘complement’ of troops with which a place is endowed.

garrison, occupational force; troops stationed in or occupying a particular place


ḫꜣbwsꜣ

ḫꜣbwsꜣ (singular)
ḫꜣbwsꜣwj (dual)
ḫꜣbwsꜣw (plural)

Demotic: ẖbs

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲏⲃⲥ (xēbs)

Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲏⲃⲥ (xēbs)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲏⲃⲥ (hēbs), ϩⲏⲃⲉⲥ (hēbes)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲏⲃⲥ (hēbs)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲏⲃⲥ (hēbs), ϩⲉⲃⲥ (hebs), ϩⲃⲥ (hbs)


ḫꜣbwsꜣ

xA-A-b-W-Aa18:Z1-N8 3-lit. (canonical)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ (infinitive)
ḫꜣbwsꜣw (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣbwsꜣt (infinitive)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ (stative)
ḥr ḫꜣbwsꜣ (imperfective)
m ḫꜣbwsꜣ (imperfective)
r ḫꜣbwsꜣ (prospective)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ.n (active perfect)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḫꜣbwsꜣt (active terminative)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ (active perfective)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ (active imperfective)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ (active prospective)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ (active subjunctive)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ.n (active participle perfect)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ (active participle perfective)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣbwsꜣw (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣbwsꜣy (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣbwsꜣy (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣbwsꜣw (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣbwsꜣj (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣbwsꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣbwsꜣ (active participle prospective)
ḫꜣbwsꜣtj (active participle prospective)
ḫꜣbwsꜣtj (participle prospective)
ḫꜣbwsꜣt (participle prospective)

(intransitive, Late Egyptian, of the sun) to shine


jwbt

jwbt (singular)
jwbtj (dual)
jwbwt (plural)

Alternative form of bjt (“a kind of flat loaf of bread”)


jwn-wr

From jwn (“air, wind, seen as holding up the sky”) + wr (“great”), thus ‘the Great Air’, ‘the Great Supporter (of the sky)’.


jwn n fnḏ

jwn n fnḏ (singular)
jwnwj nwj fnḏ (dual)
jwnw nw fnḏ (plural)

From jwn (“pillar”) + n(j) (“of”) + fnḏ (“nose”).


jwn-knmwt

jwn-knmwt (singular)
jwnwj-knmwt (dual)
jwnw-knmwt (plural)

jwn (“pillar, succorer”) + knmwt (“oasis-dwellers”) in a direct genitive construction, thus possibly ‘succorer of the oasis-dwellers’, although the exact signification of knmwt is disputed.

a title of disputed significance, possibly a priestly title or a title for a high administrator of some kind


jwn-mwt.f

From jwn (“pillar, succorer”) + mwt (“mother”) + .f (“his”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘succorer of his mother’.


jwnn

jwnn (singular)
jwnnwj (dual)
jwnnw (plural)


jwnw-šmꜥw

iwn-nw:niwt-M27-niwt m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

Demotic: jwnw-šmꜥ

jwnw (“Heliopolis”) + šmꜥw (“Upper Egypt”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘the Heliopolis of Upper Egypt’.


jwryt

Demotic: wrꜣ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲱ (ourō)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲱ (ourō), ⲁⲣⲱ (arō)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲱ (ourō), ⲁⲣⲱ (arō)

Possibly related to jwr (“to conceive”).


wrmtj

Possibly related to wrm (“to grow, to rise”).

(dual only) A pair of protruding body parts. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


jwḥ m zšn

E9:bH-N36- -z:S:n-zSn compound (canonical)

From jwḥ (“to wet, to water”) + m (“in, with”) + zšn (“lotus flower”).


jwgrt

Alternative form of jgrt (“epithet for the afterworld”)


jwḥw

jwḥw (singular)
jwḥwwj (dual)
jwḥww (plural)


jwšš

jwšš (singular)
jwššwj (dual)
jwššw (plural)

Demotic: ꜥwš, jwš

Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲟⲩϣ (ōouš)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲟⲩϣ (oouš)

Compare Jewish Babylonian Aramaic לוּשׁ (lōš, “to knead”) and other descendants of Proto-Semitic *lawaṯ-.


jwtj.f

From jwtj (“one for whom it is not the case that”) + .f (“his”). No good explanation exists for the syntax of this term.

af

Synonym of jwtj-n.f (“one who has nothing”)


ḥr jwtt

From ḥr (“upon, because”) + jwtt (“that not”), apparently formed following the model of ḥr ntt.


zp n jwtt

Perhaps from zp (“occasion, matter”) + n(j) (“of”) + jwtt (“the nonexistent”), but other interpretations using the verb zpj (“to be left”) or noun zp (“remainder, rest”) have also been proposed. For n jwtt compare also n ntt (“because”).

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


jwtjw

From the plural of jwtj (“which is not”).


jwtjw

putrefaction, corruption, what is decayed


jwtn

Alternative form of jtnw (“ground, earth, floor”)


jwdt

jwdt (singular)
jwdtj (dual)
jwdwt (plural)


r jwd

Demotic: jwṱ, wꜣṱ, wꜥṱ, wṱ, w

desc

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲧⲉ- (oute-), ⲟⲩⲧⲱ⸗ (outō⸗)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲧⲉ- (oute-), ⲟⲩⲧⲱ⸗ (outō⸗)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲧⲉ- (oute-), ⲟⲩⲇⲉ- (oude-), ⲟⲩⲧⲱ⸗ (outō⸗)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲟⲩⲧⲉ- (oute-), ⲟⲩⲧⲱ⸗ (outō⸗)

Old Coptic: ⲟⲩⲧⲉ- (oute-), ⲟⲩⲧⲱ⸗ (outō⸗)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲧⲉ- (oute-), ⲟⲩⲇⲉ- (oude-), ⲟⲩⲧⲱ⸗ (outō⸗)

From r (“regarding, with respect to”) + jwd (“to separate”).

af

entrusted to, as the concern of (someone)


jb-n-nswt

jb-n-nswt (singular)
jbwj-nwj-nswt (dual)
jbw-nw-nswt (plural)

From jb (“heart, mind, intellect”) + n(j) (“of”) + nswt (“king”).

an official title used in the 18th Dynasty


jb-n-rꜥ

From jb (“heart, mind, intellect”) + n(j) (“of”) + rꜥ (“Ra”).


nj-jb

nj-jb (singular)
njwj-jb (dual)
nwj-jb (dual)
njw-jb (plural)
nw-jb (plural)

From nj (“of, belonging to”) + jb (“heart, mind”), thus ‘(he who is) belonging to the heart/mind’.


rḏj jb m sꜣ

From rḏj (“to give, to set”) + jb (“heart, mind”) + m sꜣ (“behind, after”), literally “to set one’s heart/mind behind”.

to trouble oneself with, to make an effort over, to take care about or be anxious about (doing something)

to trouble oneself over, to take care about or be anxious about (someone)


rḏj m jb

From rḏj (“to give, to set”) + m (“in”) + jb (“heart, mind”), literally “to put in (one’s) mind”.

to come to (an idea or conclusion); to determine that

to bring (someone) to a notion, idea, or conclusion; to prompt


ḥr jb n

From ḥr (“upon”) + jb (“heart, mind”) + n(j) (“of”).

Synonym of ḥr jb (“in the midst of; in the opinion of”)


rḏj jb ḫnt

From rḏj (“to give, to set”) + jb (“heart, mind”) + ḫnt (“at the head of”), literally “to set one’s heart/mind at the head of”.


n-st-jb

n-st-t:ib (canonical masculine)
n-st-jb (singular)
nwj-st-jb (dual)
nw-st-jb (plural)

From n(j) (“of, belonging to”) + st-jb (“favorite place, preference, favor”), literally “(one) belonging to the favor of…’”.

st-jb <t:favorite place, preference, favor>


st-jb-rꜥ

From st-jb (“favorite place”) + rꜥ (“Ra”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘favorite place of Ra’.


ntt m jb

ntt m jb (singular)
nttj m jb (dual)
ntwt m jb (plural)

From ntt (“that which is”) + m (“in”) + jb (“heart, mind, will”).


r ḏr jb

From r ḏr (“whole, entire; to the limit of”) + jb (“heart, mind, will”).

just as (someone) wishes or pleases; according to the desire of


rḏj jb n

From rḏj (“ give, set”) + jb (“heart, mind”) + n (“to, for”).

to set one’s attention or desires on; to turn one’s heart toward


rḏj jb

From rḏj (“give, set”) + jb (“heart, mind”).


rḏj jb

Only used in rḏj jb m sꜣ, rḏj jb n, rḏj jb ḫnt and rḏj m jb


m jꜣbwj

From m (“in”) + jbꜣ (“dance, entertainment”); the latter word has its Greco-Roman Period spelling.


jbwj

a kind of rope on a ship, perhaps halyards


jbw

jbw (singular)
jbwwj (dual)
jbww (plural)

(figuratively) person in whom one takes refuge


jbw

purification booth, booth or tent in which bodies are prepared for mummification


jbꜣw

jbꜣw (singular)
jbꜣwwj (dual)
jbꜣww (plural)

Ammotragus lervia
Ammotragus lervia#Translingual


jbnw

Demotic: ꜣbn

Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲃⲉⲛ (ōben)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲃⲛ (obn), ⲟⲃⲉⲛ (oben), ⲟⲃⲛⲉ (obne), ⲁⲃⲉⲛ (aben)


jbꜣw-nṯr

From jbꜣw (“dances”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “dances of the god”.

a kind of dance associated with or performed by dwarves


jbr

a:A1-ini-n:t-n:k\-i-b-E8-i-N33C:Z2ss-H-k\:n-nw-W-N33C:Z2ss-D54-w-d:n-b-N33C:Z2ss-X:z-A-i-i-t-N33C:Z2ss-
-sn-n:t-r-tr-N33C:Z2ss-n-Aa16*Z1:Z2-pr-Z2ss-s-Htp:t-p-w-Y2-nTr-Z1-nb-i-m-f
dj.j jn.t(w) n.k jbj ḥknw jwdnb ẖsꜣyt sntr n(j) gsw prw sḥtpw nṯr nb jm.f

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 140–142

I will have them bring you labdanum, ḥknw-oil, jwdnb-incense, cassia, and the incense of the temple storerooms, with which every god is made content.

a kind of valuable oil or unguent, applied to the body and hair, used in temple cults, and also used medicinally; further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


jbht

a region in the south of the Eastern Desert toward Lower Nubia, likely located in the Wadi Hammamat or the Wadi Allaqi or encompassing both


jbhtj

Probably from jbht (“a region in the south of the Eastern Desert”) + -j (nisba ending).

af

jbht <t:a region in the south of the Eastern Desert>

a kind of mineral; further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


ḥwt-jbṯt

From ḥwt (“enclosure”) + jbṯt (“bird trap”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “enclosure of the bird trap”.


jbḥw

jbḥw (singular)
jbḥwwj (dual)
jbḥww (plural)

From jbḥ (“to stream with, to be awash with”) + -w.

jbḥ <t:to stream with, to be awash with>


jp m jb

jp m jb (masculine singular)
jpt m jb (feminine singular)
jpwj m jb (dual masculine)
jptj m jb (dual feminine)
jpw m jb (masculine plural)
jpwt m jb (feminine plural)
jpt m jb (feminine plural)

From jp (“shrewd, judicious”, perfective active participle of jp (“to count, to assess, to assign, to be(come) judicious”)) + m (“in”) + jb (“heart, mind”), thus “shrewd in mind”.

jp <t:shrewd, judicious><pos:perfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jp</i> (“to count, to assess, to assign, to be(come) judicious”)>

Synonym of jp-jb (“shrewd, judicious, discerning, circumspect”)


rḏj jp ḥr

From rḏj (“to give, to set”) + jp (“whack, accounting”) + ḥr (“upon”). The second element is perhaps to be identified with jp (“accounting”); if not, it seemingly only appears in this phrase and never independently.

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

to hit someone on (a body part, in particular the hand or forehead)


jp-jb

jp-jb (masculine singular)
jpt-jb (feminine singular)
jpwj-jb (dual masculine)
jptj-jb (dual feminine)
jpw-jb (masculine plural)
jpwt-jb (feminine plural)
jpt-jb (feminine plural)

From jp (“counting, assessing, shrewd, judicious”, perfective active participle of jp (“to count, to assess, to assign, to be(come) judicious”)) + jb (“heart, mind”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “shrewd of mind”. The divine epithet can alternatively be understood with jb as the object of jp, thus “(one who is) assessing the heart/mind”, “assessor of the heart/mind”.

jp <t:counting, assessing, shrewd, judicious><pos:perfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jp</i> (“to count, to assess, to assign, to be(come) judicious”)>

shrewd, judicious, discerning, circumspect


jp-jb

epithet for the god Thoth, and occasionally other gods


jpꜣt

Alternative form of jpt (“inner chamber”)


jpt-nswt

Demotic: jpy-nsw, jpy.t-nsw

From jpt (“private chamber, women’s apartments, inner sanctum”) + nswt (“king”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “private chamber/women’s apartments of the king”. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

jpt <t:private chamber, women’s apartments, inner sanctum>

egy-ht

private chamber or office of the king in general


jpt-nswt

collectively, the women of the royal harem


ḫntj-jpt.f

From ḫntj (“foremost, being in front of”) + jpt (“Luxor, inner sanctum”) + .f (“his”), thus “(the one) presiding over his inner sanctum/Luxor”.


jmn-jpt

From jmn (“Amun”) + jpt (“Luxor, inner sanctum”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “Amun of Luxor”, “Amun of the inner sanctum”.

Synonym of jmn-m-jpt (“the form of the god Amun worshipped at Luxor”)


jmn-m-jpt

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀμένωφις (Aménōphis)

desc

→ Middle Babylonian: [Term?] (/amanappa/)

From jmn (“Amun”) + m (“in”) + jpt (“Luxor, inner sanctum”), thus “Amun in Luxor”, “Amun in the inner sanctum”. The personal name is probably to be interpreted as an adverbial sentence, “Amun is in Luxor”.

af

the form of the god Amun worshipped at Luxor


tḫtḫ

t:x-t:x-Z9:D40 4-lit. (canonical)
tḫtḫ (infinitive)
tḫtḫw (infinitive negative)
tḫtḫ (infinitive negative)
tḫtḫt (infinitive)
tḫtḫ (imperative infinitive singular)
tḫtḫ (imperative infinitive plural)
tḫtḫ (stative)
ḥr tḫtḫ (imperfective)
m tḫtḫ (imperfective)
r tḫtḫ (prospective)
tḫtḫ.n (active perfect)
tḫtḫw (passive perfect)
tḫtḫ (passive perfect)
tḫtḫ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
tḫtḫt (terminative)
tḫtḫ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
tḫtḫ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
tḫtḫ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
tḫtḫw (active prospective)
tḫtḫ (active prospective)
tḫtḫw (passive prospective)
tḫtḫ (passive prospective)
tḫtḫ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
tḫtḫ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
tḫtḫ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
tḫtḫ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
tḫtḫ (active participle perfective)
tḫtḫ (participle passive perfective)
tḫtḫw (participle passive perfective)
tḫtḫy (participle passive perfective)
tḫtḫ (active imperfective participle relative)
tḫtḫy (active imperfective participle relative)
tḫtḫw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
tḫtḫ (active imperfective participle)
tḫtḫj (active imperfective participle)
tḫtḫy (active imperfective participle)
tḫtḫ (imperfective participle passive)
tḫtḫw (imperfective participle passive)
tḫtḫ (active participle prospective relative)
tḫtḫtj (active participle prospective relative)
tḫtḫwtj (participle prospective)
tḫtḫtj (participle prospective)
tḫtḫt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

tḫtḫt

tḫtḫw.tj1, tḫtḫ.tj1, tḫtḫw.tw2, tḫtḫ.tw2

Demotic: tẖtẖ

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲱⳉ (tōx)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲑⲱϧ (thōx), ⲑⲟϧⲧⲉϧ (thoxtex)

>? Bohairic Coptic: ⲑⲟϩ (thoh)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲱϩ (tōh)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲱϩ (tōh)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱϩ (tōh), ⲧⲁϩⲧϩ (tahth)

(transitive) to confuse, to confound, to disorder (words, thoughts, reckoning of time, enemies, etc.)

(transitive) to disorder, to mess up (hair)


jfdt

jfdt (singular)
jfdtj (dual)
jfdwt (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: -ⲉϥⲧⲉ (-efte)

Fayyumic Coptic: -ⲏⲃⲧⲓ (-ēbti)

Lycopolitan Coptic: -ⲉϥⲧⲉ (-efte)

Sahidic Coptic: -ⲁϥⲧⲉ (-afte)

i-f:d:t*Z1*Z1*Z1*Z1-n:t-d:p*w-t:X4:Z2 (as an offering to the dead)

a foursome of dpt-bread loaves [Middle Kingdom]

i-f:d:t*Z1*Z1*Z1*Z1-n:t-p:z:n-nw-X4:Z2 (as an offering to the dead)

a foursome of pzn-bread loaves [Middle Kingdom]


jptwt

egy-det

i-p:t-w&t f pl proximaldemonstrative determiner

pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jptntj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jptftj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jptwtj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptwt (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nw (determiner plural pronoun)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (adverb pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (adverb determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (masculine)
tꜣy (feminine)
nꜣy (plural)
dj (adverb)
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (adverb possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (adverb article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (adverb article indefinite)

Sethe considers this form to have originated as a miswriting of jptw; Faulkner instead considers it a back-formation from the dual form jptwtj.

(Old Egyptian or archaizing Middle Egyptian, rare) these


jfdj

i-f:d-D41:Z1*Z1*Z1*Z1 4ae inf. (canonical)
jfd (infinitive)
jfdw (infinitive negative)
jfdyw (infinitive negative)
jfd (infinitive negative)
jfdt (infinitive)
jfdwt (infinitive)
jfdyt (infinitive)
jfd (imperative infinitive singular)
jfd (imperative infinitive plural)
jfdy (imperative infinitive plural)
jfd (stative)
ḥr jfd (imperfective)
m jfd (imperfective)
r jfd (prospective)
jfd.n (active perfect)
jfdw (passive perfect)
jfd (passive perfect)
jfdy (passive perfect)
jfd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jfdt (terminative)
jfd (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jfd.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jfd (active imperfective)
jfdy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jfdw (active prospective)
jfd (active prospective)
jfdy (active prospective)
jfdd (passive prospective)
jfd.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jfd (active subjunctive)
jfdy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jfd.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jfdw (active participle perfective relative)
jfdy (active participle perfective relative)
jfd (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jfd (active participle perfective)
jfdy (participle passive perfective)
jfd (participle passive perfective)
jfdd (active imperfective participle relative)
jfddy (active imperfective participle relative)
jfddw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jfdd (active imperfective participle)
jfddj (active imperfective participle)
jfddy (active imperfective participle)
jfdd (imperfective participle passive)
jfddw (imperfective participle passive)
jfdw (active participle prospective relative)
jfdy (active participle prospective relative)
jfd (active participle prospective relative)
jfdtj (active participle prospective relative)
jfdwtj (participle prospective)
jfdtj (participle prospective)
jfdt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

jfdt

jfdw.tj1, jfd.tj1, jfdy.tj1, jfdw.tw2, jfd.tw2, jfdy.tw2


jfdj

Alternative form of jfd (“(linen) sheet”)


jtjw

egy-det

i-ti-w f sg proximaldemonstrative determiner

(Old Egyptian, rare) Alternative form of tj (“this”)


m jfd

From m (“ in, by means of”) + jfd (“to flee, to rush across”).


jfd-nṯr

From jfd (“four-weave linen”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘four-weave linen of the god’; or else the last element may represent nṯrj (“divine textile”). The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


mt-jfd

mt-jfd (singular)
mtwj-jfd (dual)
mtw-jfd (plural)

From mt (“a kind of linen; strip”) + jfd (“sheet”) in a direct genitive construction.


ḥzy jm

From ḥzy (“favored one”) + jm (“therein”).


jptwj

egy-det

i-p:t-w&y f du proximal, later vocativedemonstrative determiner

i-p:t-w&y f du proximal (canonical)
later vocativedemonstrative determiner (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jptntj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jptftj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jptwtj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptwt (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nw (determiner plural pronoun)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (adverb pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (adverb determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (masculine)
tꜣy (feminine)
nꜣy (plural)
dj (adverb)
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (adverb possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (adverb article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (adverb article indefinite)

(Middle Egyptian, archaizing) O (vocative reference)


jtjn

i-ti-n f sg proximaldemonstrative determiner

(Old Egyptian, rare) Alternative form of tn (“this, that”)


jptwtj

i-p:t-w-t:y f du proximal, later vocativedemonstrative determiner

i-p:t-w-t:y f du proximal (canonical)
later vocativedemonstrative determiner (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jptntj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jptftj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jptwtj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptwt (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nw (determiner plural pronoun)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (adverb pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (adverb determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (masculine)
tꜣy (feminine)
nꜣy (plural)
dj (adverb)
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (adverb possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (adverb article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (adverb article indefinite)

Secondary dual form of tw, joining the (earlier?) form jptwj.


ptnt

p*t:n-t f du proximaldemonstrative determiner

(Old Egyptian) Alternative form of jptntj (“these two, those two”)


jptntj

i-p*t:n-t:y f du proximaldemonstrative determiner

Secondary dual form of tn, joining the (earlier?) form jptnj.


jptnj

i-p*t:n-y f du proximaldemonstrative determiner


jm-n-twt

From jm (“a kind of material”) + n(j) (“of”) + twt (“image, statue, picture”).

af

a kind of material, either derived from or used in the making of twt-images, and used medicinally as a healing agent


jmtj

im-ti-i (canonical masculine)
jmtj (singular)
jmtjwj (dual)
jmtjw (plural)

From jmt (“the city of Buto in the Eastern Delta”) + -j (nisba ending).

jmt <t:the city of Buto in the Eastern Delta>

a vintage of wine from Buto in the eastern Nile delta; Butic (wine)


jmt

Buto, a city in the eastern Nile delta, modern Tell Nebesha or Tell el-Farʿun


jmt

jmt (singular)
jmtwj (dual)
jmtw (plural)

foster child, ward (of the king of Lower Egypt)


jmt

From jm (“to moan, to groan, to lament”) + -t.

(hapax) groaning, lamentation, mourning, grief


jmyt

Possibly related to jm (“a kind of material”).

(hapax) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


jmj-jz

imi-iz (canonical masculine)
jmj-jz (singular)
jmjwj-jz (dual)
jmwj-jz (dual)
jmjw-jz (plural)
jmw-jz (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + jz (“administrative chamber, bureau”).

an official title: councillor, he who is in the bureau (as a priest or official)


jmj wrt

imi-wr:r:t (canonical masculine)
jmj wrt (singular)
jmjwj wrt (dual)
jmwj wrt (dual)
jmjw wrt (plural)
jmw wrt (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in; interior”) + wrt. The identity and meaning of the second term are unclear. It is written identically to wrt (“great one”), but perhaps it is instead to be connected with wrt (“a kind of barque”).
Any attempt to determine the etymological meaning of the term should probably take it in conjunction with its antonym tꜣ wr (“larboard, port”); setting aside wr/wrt, here one can draw a contrast between jmj in the one term, referring to the interior of something, and tꜣ in the other term, apparently referring to the land exterior to the ship. For tꜣ, compare the etymology of the English term port; because the steering oar is generally found on the right (starboard) side of the ship, it is the left (port) side that moors facing the land. It is then easy to see how the starboard side could be perceived as the ‘interior’ of the vessel, facing away from land. (Alternatively, it may be the steering oar itself that is referred to as ‘being in’ / in the ‘interior’ of the vessel.)
Thus, the term as a whole has variously been interpreted as ‘that which is inside the barque’, or, taking wrt as ‘great one’ in reference to the ‘great oar’ (steering oar), ‘the one on the inside of the steering oar’. Servajean rejects the latter interpretation and prefers the former, as wrt is nowhere else attested to refer to the steering oar specifically.

west side of a place, especially of Thebes

necropolis, realm of the dead, afterworld

(preceded or followed by zꜣ (“phyle”)) designates a particular phyle of funerary priests


jmj wrt

ir-imi-wr:r:t

(chiefly in nautical commands) to the starboard, starboardwards, right


jmt wrt

Feminine form of the more common jmj wrt (“starboard”), formed with the addition of the feminine ending -t to the nisba jmj. See jmj wrt for further etymology. Equivalent to jmt + wrt.


jmj-wt

Demotic: m-wyt, m-wyṱ

Perhaps from jmj (“(one) being in”) + wt (“bandage, mummy wrapping”), although other interpretations have also been suggested.

the Imiut fetish, the symbol or fetish of Anubis consisting of a stuffed headless animal skin tied face-down to a pole, with its tail terminating in a lotus bud at the top


jmj-ꜥ

jmj-ꜥ (singular)
jmjwj-ꜥ (dual)
jmwj-ꜥ (dual)
jmjw-ꜥ (plural)
jmw-ꜥ (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + ꜥ (“arm, part, region”). The exact intended meaning of the second part is unclear.

an official title with unclear exact meaning: assistant, regional officer, aide


ḥqꜣ-jmj-pr

HqA-q-imi:im-pr:Z1- Y1 (canonical masculine)

From ḥqꜣ (“ruler”) + jmt-pr (“estate, bequest, will”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘ruler of the bequest’, in reference to the kingship mythologically bequeathed from Geb to Osiris and thereby to Horus. The term jmt-pr appears in its typical Greco-Roman Period form jmj-pr.


jmw-mw

From jmw (plural of jmj (“(one) being in”)) + mw (“water”), literally “those in the water”.

jmj <alt:jmw><pos:plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jmj</i> (“(one) being in”)>

(plural only) water animals, aquatic fauna


jmt nḏst

From jmt (“(one) being in”) + nḏst (“left side; smallness”). The exact etymological meaning is unclear, but compare the construction of jmj wrt (“starboard”).


jmt-r

m-t:*r (canonical feminine)
jmt-r (singular)
jmtj-r (dual)
jmwt-r (plural)

Feminine form of jmj-r (“overseer”), formed with the addition of the feminine ending -t to the nisba jmj. See jmj-r for further etymology. Equivalent to jmt + r.


jmt-r

jmt-r (singular)
jmtj-r (dual)
jmwt-r (plural)

Presumably from jmt (“(one) being in”) + r (“mouth”).

a kind of tool or implement; the meaning of this term is uncertain.


qrḥ-mr

qrḥ-mr (singular)
qrḥwj-mr (dual)
qrḥw-mr (plural)

From qrḥ (“pot”) + mr (“libation basin”), presumably in a direct genitive construction.


mr-snm

From mr (“painful”) + snm (“mourning, grief”), literally “painful of grief”.


ḥr mr

From ḥr (“upon”) + mr (“canal”), literally “upon (someone)’s canal”.


ḥr mw n

From ḥr (“upon”) + mw (“water”) + n(j) (“of”), literally “upon (someone)’s water”.


ḥr mw

From ḥr (“upon”) + mw (“water”), literally “upon (someone)’s water”.


jmj-r-kꜣt

jmj-r-kꜣt (singular)
jmjwj-r-kꜣt (dual)
jmjw-r-kꜣt (plural)

From jmj-r (“overseer”) + kꜣt (“work”) in a direct genitive construction.


jmj-r-pr-wr

jmj-r-pr-wr (singular)
jmjwj-r-pr-wrwj (dual)
jmjw-r-pr-wrw (plural)

From jmj-r-pr (“steward”, literally “overseer of the house”) + wr (“great”), literally “great overseer of the house”.

jmj-r-pr <t:steward><lit:overseer of the house>


jmj hrw.f

jmj hrw.f (singular)
jmjwj hrw.f (dual)
jmwj hrw.f (dual)
jmjw hrw.f (plural)
jmw hrw.f (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + hrw (“day”) + .f (“his”), literally “he who is in his day”.

person on duty for the day, in particular as a sentry; duty officer


jmw-ḥꜣt

From the plural of jmj ḥꜣt (“(one) being in front or earlier in time; anterior (one)”), equivalent to jmj (“(one) being in”) + -w (plural suffix) + ḥꜣt (“front”).

(plural only) forebears, ancestors, those of times gone by


jmw-ḥꜣt

imi-W:Z2ss- -t:Z1-nTr-Z3 (canonical masculine plural)

(plural only) lesser gods who walk in front of a chief god


jmt ḥꜣt

Feminine form of jmj ḥꜣt (“(one) being in front or earlier in time; anterior (one)”), formed with the addition of the feminine ending -t to the nisba jmj. Equivalent to jmj (“(one) being in”) + -t (feminine ending) + ḥꜣt (“front”).

(often with suffix pronoun attached to jmt) former state of things or earlier time; also, preceding iteration, original; what was before


jmt-ḥꜣt.f

From jmt (feminine of jmj (“(one) being in”)) + ḥꜣt (“front”) + .f (“his”), literally “she who is in his front”.

jmj <alt:jmt><pos:feminine of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jmj</i> (“(one) being in”)>


𓀅

Representing a man crouching with his arms raised, hiding. In later depictions (since partway through the 18th Dynasty), the man is hiding behind a wall; in earlier depictions the wall is not present, and the glyph was visually similar to 𓀃 (A4) but for the different posture. This and other glyphs depicting men conventionally color the skin red; the hair is typically black, and the clothing white (sometimes with black outlines or details).


jmj-st-ꜥ

jmj-st-ꜥ (singular)
jmjwj-st-ꜥ (dual)
jmwj-st-ꜥ (dual)
jmjw-st-ꜥ (plural)
jmw-st-ꜥ (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + st-ꜥ (“activity, efficaciousness”).

af

helper, acolyte, functionary; also used as a title


jmj-sꜣ

jmj-sꜣ (singular)
jmjwj-sꜣ (dual)
jmwj-sꜣ (dual)
jmjw-sꜣ (plural)
jmw-sꜣ (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + sꜣ (“back”), literally “the one in the back”. Other interpretations have also been suggested, for example taking the second term as zꜣ (“protection”) or zꜣ (“phyle, troop”).


jmjw-tꜣ-mw

From jmjw (“(those) being in”) + tꜣ (“earth”) + mw (“water”), literally “those in the earth and water”, modeled after the more common jmw tꜣ (“snakes”, literally “those in the earth”) and jmw-mw (“aquatic animals”, literally “those in the water”).

(plural only) epithet for snakes and water snakes, collectively


jmj-tꜣ

jmj-tꜣ (singular)
jmjwj-tꜣ (dual)
jmwj-tꜣ (dual)
jmjw-tꜣ (plural)
jmw-tꜣ (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + tꜣ (“earth”), literally “the one in the earth”. Compare the non-titular use of the plural form jmw tꜣ (“snakes; rocks”, literally “those in the earth”).


jmw tꜣ

From jmw (“(those) being in”) + tꜣ (“earth”), literally “those in the earth”. Compare the singular form jmj-tꜣ, used as a priestly title.


jmwtj

Alternative form of jmjtw (“between, amidst”)


m-jmjtw

From m (“in”) + jmjtw (“between, amidst”).


m-jmjtw-nj

From m (“in”) + jmjtw-nj (“between them, amidst them”) or, equivalently, from m-jmjtw (“between, among”) + nj (“thereto, for it”); in either case the basic components are the same.

Synonym of jmjtw-nj (“between them, amidst them”)


r-jmjtw-nj

From r (“regarding, with respect to”) + jmjtw-nj (“between them, amidst them”) or, equivalently, from r-jmjtw (“between, among”) + nj (“thereto, for it”); in either case the basic components are the same.


sḫt-jmꜣw

From sḫt (“field”) + jmꜣw (“a kind of tree”, in the plural) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “field of ima-trees”.

jmꜣ <alt:jmꜣw><t:a kind of tree><pos:in the plural>

the oases found west of the Nile delta collectively, sometimes in particular the Siwa Oasis


jmꜣ-jb

From jmꜣ (“to be friendly, charming, pleased”) + jb (“heart, mind”), literally “to be friendly/pleased of heart”.

jmꜣ <t:to be friendly, charming, pleased>

(intransitive) to be(come) friendly, kindly, amiable (+ n: toward)

(intransitive) to be(come) happy, cheerful (+ r or m: about, over)

(intransitive, with n or ḫr) to be(come) popular with, favored by, beloved by


nbt-jmꜣt

nbt-jmꜣt (singular)
nbtj-jmꜣt (dual)
nbwt-jmꜣt (plural)

From nbt (“mistress, lady, possessor”) + jmꜣt (“friendliness, charm, belovedness”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “possessor of friendliness/charm/belovedness”.

jmꜣt <t:friendliness, charm, belovedness>


nb-jmꜣt

nb-jmꜣt (singular)
nbwj-jmꜣt (dual)
nbw-jmꜣt (plural)

From nb (“lord, possessor”) + jmꜣt (“friendliness, charm, belovedness”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “possessor of friendliness/charm/belovedness”.


wrt-jmꜣt

From wrt (“great”) + jmꜣt (“friendliness, charm, belovedness”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “great of friendliness/charm/belovedness”.


jmꜣw

iAm-m-w-pr (canonical masculine)
jmꜣw (singular)
jmꜣwwj (dual)
jmꜣww (plural)

ir-iAm-m-pr ― jrj jmꜣ(w) ― to pitch a tent

Hr:r-Aa19:D40-iAm-m-pr ― ḥr jmꜣ(w) ― to set up camp

(figuratively) building, such as a hut, house, or office


jmꜣw

From jmꜣ (“to be friendly, charming, pleasing”) + -w.

jmꜣ <t:to be friendly, charming, pleasing>

radiance of the sun; solar splendor or brilliance


pḥ jmꜣḫ

From pḥ (“to reach”) + jmꜣḫ (“dignity, honor, reverence”).

to attain venerable old age; to grow old in honor


ḥqꜣ-jmꜣḫ

From ḥqꜣ (“ruler”) + jmꜣḫ (“dignity, honor, reverence”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “ruler of reverence”.


nbt-jmꜣḫ

nbt-jmꜣḫ (singular)
nbtj-jmꜣḫ (dual)
nbwt-jmꜣḫ (plural)

From nbt (“mistress, lady, (female) possessor”) + jmꜣḫ (“dignity, honor, reverence”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “possessor of reverence”.

nbt <t:mistress, lady, (female) possessor>

an epithet for the (female) dead: revered one, venerable one (+ ḫr: one honored by (someone))


jmꜣḫt

From jmꜣḫ (“to be honored, revered”) + -t.


nb-jmꜣḫ

nb-jmꜣḫ (singular)
nbwj-jmꜣḫ (dual)
nbw-jmꜣḫ (plural)

From nb (“lord, possessor”) + jmꜣḫ (“dignity, honor, reverence”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “possessor of reverence”.

an epithet for the dead: revered one, venerable one (+ ḫr: one honored by (someone))


jrj jmn

From jrj (“to do, to make”) + jmn (“abode”).

(with following suffix pronoun and prepositional phrase) to make (one’s) abode (somewhere); to sojourn, to take (one’s) place (at)

(with following suffix pronoun and prepositional phrase) to have (someone else) take up a place or abode (somewhere)


jmn-ꜥ

jmn-ꜥ (singular)
jmnwj-ꜥ (dual)
jmnw-ꜥ (plural)

From jmn (“hidden”) + ꜥ (“arm”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “hidden of arm”, i.e. “(the one) with the hidden arm”.


jmn-rn

From jmn (“hidden”) + rn (“name”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘hidden of name’, i.e. ‘he whose name is hidden’.

a minor god mentioned in old religious texts


jmn-nṯrw

From jmn (“hidden”) + nṯrw (“gods”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “hidden of the gods”, i.e. “most hidden one among the gods”, “most hidden god”.


jmꜣḫyt

Alternative form of jmꜣḫwt (“(female) revered one”)


jmn-m-jpt-swt

From jmn (“Amun”) + m (“in”) + jpt-swt (“Karnak”), thus “Amun in Karnak”.

the form of the god Amun worshipped at Karnak


jmꜣḫwt

jmꜣḫwt (singular)
jmꜣḫwtj (dual)
jmꜣḫwwt (plural)

From jmꜣḫw (“revered one”) + -t (feminine ending).

an epithet for the (female) dead or, sometimes, the (female) aged: revered one, venerable one (+ ḫr or genitive: one honored by (someone); + m: one honored in (a place))