ꜣẖꜥ

A-X:a- 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜣẖꜥ (infinitive)
ꜣẖꜥw (infinitive negative)
ꜣẖꜥ (infinitive negative)
ꜣẖꜥt (infinitive)
ꜣẖꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣẖꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣẖꜥ (stative)
ḥr ꜣẖꜥ (imperfective)
m ꜣẖꜥ (imperfective)
r ꜣẖꜥ (prospective)
ꜣẖꜥ.n (active perfect)
ꜣẖꜥw (passive perfect)
ꜣẖꜥ (passive perfect)
ꜣẖꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜣẖꜥt (terminative)
ꜣẖꜥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜣẖꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜣẖꜥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜣẖꜥ (active prospective)
ꜣẖꜥꜥ (passive prospective)
ꜣẖꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜣẖꜥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜣẖꜥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜣẖꜥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜣẖꜥ (active participle perfective)
ꜣẖꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ꜣẖꜥw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣẖꜥy (participle passive perfective)
ꜣẖꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣẖꜥy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣẖꜥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜣẖꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ꜣẖꜥj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣẖꜥy (active imperfective participle)
ꜣẖꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣẖꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣẖꜥ (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣẖꜥtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣẖꜥtj (participle prospective)
ꜣẖꜥt (participle prospective)

ꜣẖꜥt

ꜣẖꜥ, ꜣẖꜥy, ꜣẖꜥw5

ꜣẖꜥ, ꜣẖꜥw5, ꜣẖꜥy5

ꜣẖꜥ, ꜣẖꜥj6, ꜣẖꜥy6

ꜣẖꜥtj4, ꜣẖꜥt4

(transitive) to scratch with claws or nails

(transitive) to carve (an inscription or picture)


ḏꜣf

DA-A-f-Q7 3-lit. (canonical)
ḏꜣf (infinitive)
ḏꜣfw (infinitive negative)
ḏꜣf (infinitive negative)
ḏꜣft (infinitive)
ḏꜣf (imperative infinitive singular)
ḏꜣf (imperative infinitive plural)
ḏꜣf (stative)
ḥr ḏꜣf (imperfective)
m ḏꜣf (imperfective)
r ḏꜣf (prospective)
ḏꜣf.n (active perfect)
ḏꜣfw (passive perfect)
ḏꜣf (passive perfect)
ḏꜣf.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḏꜣft (terminative)
ḏꜣf (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḏꜣf.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḏꜣf (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḏꜣf (active prospective)
ḏꜣff (passive prospective)
ḏꜣf.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḏꜣf (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḏꜣf.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḏꜣf (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḏꜣf (active participle perfective)
ḏꜣf (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜣfw (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜣfy (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜣf (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏꜣfy (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏꜣfw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḏꜣf (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜣfj (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜣfy (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜣf (imperfective participle passive)
ḏꜣfw (imperfective participle passive)
ḏꜣf (active participle prospective relative)
ḏꜣftj (active participle prospective relative)
ḏꜣftj (participle prospective)
ḏꜣft (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ḏꜣft

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.

Demotic: ḏf

Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲱϥ (čōf)

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲟⲩϥ (čouf)

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːʀaf/

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːʔəf/

/ˈt͡ʃʼoːʔəf/

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːʀaf/

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːʔəf/

/ˈt͡ʃʼoːʔəf/


ywnj

Ultimately from the same source as Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía).


ywnj-ꜥꜣ

/iːuːni ɑːʔɑ/

Most likely a compound ywnj (“Ionia”) + ꜥꜣ (“great”). Possibly, however, the final element ꜥꜣ could instead represent a phonetic value.
Ultimately from the same source as Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía).

c. 1350 B.C.E., Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III, Statue Base Block G_N, central crenellated cartouche superimposed on a bound captive

(hapax) a region bordering the Aegean Sea, usually equated with Ionia but possibly a part of central Greece


ꜣrwtꜣḫšꜣšꜣs

/ɑruːtɑxʃɑʃɑs/

Derived from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 (a-r-t-x-š-ç-a /Artaxšaça/).

bor

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Artaxerxes I


bjrwnygꜣt

/βəɾəˈniːkə/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βερενίκη (Bereníkē).

bor+

A female given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Berenice or Bernice, notably borne by Berenice II


nfrw-rꜥ

nfrw (“beauty”) + rꜥ (“Ra”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘The Beauty of Ra’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


sn-n-mwt

sn (“brother”) + n(j) (“of”) + mwt (“mother”), thus literally ‘Mother’s brother’.


šꜣšꜣnq

Demotic: ššnq

desc

→ Neo-Assyrian: 𒋗𒊓𒀭𒆪 (šu-sa-an-qu /sušanqu/), 𒋢𒋛𒅔𒆪 (su-si-in-qu /šušinqu/)

→ Koine Greek: Σεσόγγωσις (Sesóngōsis), Σεσονγῶσις (Sesongôsis), Σισόνχις (Sisónkhis)

→ Biblical Hebrew: שִׁישַׁק (šīšáq), שׁוּשַׁק (šūšáq)

→ Koine Greek: Σουσακίμ (Sousakím), Σουσακεὶμ (Sousakeìm)

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by several pharaohs of the 22nd and 23rd Dynasties: Shoshenq


nfr-ḥtp

→ Ancient Greek: Νεφώτης (Nephṓtēs)

nfr (“beautiful (one)”) + ḥtp (“to be content”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus literally ‘the beautiful one is content’.


nfr-mꜣꜥt

nfr (“to be beautiful”) + mꜣꜥt (“Maat, justice”), thus literally ‘Maat/justice is beautiful’.


ꜥnḫ.s-n-jmn

ꜥnḫ (“to live”) + .s (“she”) + n (“for”) + jmn (“Amun”), thus literally ‘she lives for Amun’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


nfr-nfrw-rꜥ

From nfr (“beautiful (one)”) + nfrw (“beautiful ones”, plural of nfr) + rꜥ (“Ra”) in a series of direct genitive constructions, thus literally ‘beautiful one of the beautiful ones of Ra’, i.e. ‘most beautiful one of Ra’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

nfrw <pos:plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">nfr</i>><t:beautiful ones>


mryt-jmn

mryt (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + jmn (“Amon”), literally ‘(she) whom Amon loves’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

compound

feminine perfective relative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mrj</i>


nfr-nfrw-jtn

From nfr (“beautiful (one)”) + nfrw (“beautiful ones”, plural of nfr) + jtn (“Aten”) in a series of direct genitive constructions, thus literally ‘beautiful one of the beautiful ones of Aten’, i.e. ‘most beautiful one of Aten’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


nfrt-jrj

nfrt (“beautiful (one)”) + jrj (“with respect to it, thereto”), thus roughly ‘the most beautiful (one) among them’. The t and following j in this name are often transposed for aesthetic reasons.


mryt-jtn

From mryt (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + jtn (“Aten”), literally ‘(she) whom the Aten loves’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

af

mryt <pos:feminine perfective relative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mrj</i>>


nfrw-bjtj

nfrw (“beauty”) + bjtj (“king of Lower Egypt”), thus literally ‘the beauty of the king of Lower Egypt’. The written form apparently demonstrates honorific transposition; however, some authors read the name without transposition, as bjtj-nfrw.


nfrw-ptḥ

From nfrw (“beauty”) + ptḥ (“Ptah”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘the beauty of Ptah’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


jrsjrnꜣt

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀρσινόη (Arsinóē).

bor+

A female given name of historical usage, notably borne by Arsinoe II.


ptḥ-ms

ptḥ (“Ptah”) + ms (“to give birth”) + (.w) (masculine third-person singular stative ending), thus ‘Ptah is born’.


ḥtp-ḥr.s

ḥtp (“to be content”) + ḥr (“face”) + .s (“her”), thus literally ‘her face is content’.


rꜥ-ms

rꜥ (“Ra”) + ms (“to give birth”) + (.w) (masculine third-person singular stative ending), thus ‘Ra is born’.


nfrw-sbk

From nfrw (“beauty”) + sbk (“Sobek”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘the beauty of Sobek’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition. Some authors instead read the name without transposition as sbk-nfrw (“Sobek is perfect”), following the later Greek form Σκεμίοφρις (Skemíophris), but others consider this order of elements a later development.


nt-ḥtp

From nt (“Neith”) + ḥtp (“to be content”). The interpretation is unclear; a reading as ‘Neith is content’ in this order does not seem possible: if ḥtp were in the stative, it would need the feminine stative ending .tj rather than an unwritten masculine stative ending, and in any case theophoric names using the stative did not appear until the Middle Kingdom. A solution may be found in honorific transposition, in which case the intended reading would be ḥtp-nt. Indeed, just such a name is attested in later times.


jj-m-ḥtp

→ Ancient Greek: Ἰμούθης (Imoúthēs)

→ English: Imhotep

jj (“coming”, perfective active participle of jj (“to come, to return”)) + m ḥtp (“in peace, safely”), thus ‘(the one) coming in peace’, ‘(the one) returning home safely’.

compound

perfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jj</i> (“to come, to return”)

A male given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Imhotep, notably borne by Imhotep.

(Egyptian mythology) Imhotep, a deified administrator and architect


mrt-nbtj

mr(y)t (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + nbtj (“the Two Ladies”), literally ‘(she) whom the Two Ladies love’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


nfrt-jꜣbt

/ˌnafɾə ˈjoːβə/

nfrt (“beautiful (one)”) + jꜣbt (“east”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘the beautiful (one) of the east’.


rꜥ-ḥtp

rꜥ (“Ra”) + ḥtp (“to be content”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Ra is content’.


ḥꜣt-špswt

From ḥꜣt (“front”) + špswt (plural of špst (“noblewoman”)) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘foremost of noblewomen’. A longer form of ḥꜣt-špswt is found as ẖnmt-jmn-ḥꜣt-špswt.

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">špst</i> (“noblewoman”)

A female given name of historical usage, notably borne by Hatshepsut


stẖj

stẖ (“Set”) + -j (nisba ending), thus literally ‘Sethian’.


mryt-ptḥ

From mryt (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + ptḥ (“Ptah”), thus literally ‘(she) whom Ptah loves’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


mryt-rꜥ

From mryt (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus literally ‘(she) whom Ra loves’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


ḥqꜣ-ḫꜣst

ḥqꜣ-ḫꜣst (singular)
ḥqꜣwj-ḫꜣst (dual)
ḥqꜣw-ḫꜣst (plural)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ὑκσώς (Huksṓs), Ὑξώς (Huxṓs)

→ English: Hyksos

ḥqꜣ (“ruler”) + ḫꜣst (“foreign land”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘ruler of a foreign land’.


ḥnwt-tꜣwj

ḥnwt (“mistress”) + tꜣwj (“Egypt”, literally “the Two Lands”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Mistress of Egypt’.


mr.s-ꜥnḫ

mr (“loves”) + .s (“she”) + ꜥnḫ (“life”), thus literally ‘she loves life’.


nfrt-ḥnwt

nfrt (“beautiful (one)”) + ḥnwt (“lady”).


nfr-ḥtp.s

nfr (“to be beautiful”) + ḥtp (“peace”) + .s (“her”), thus literally ‘her peace is beautiful’.


tjꜥꜣ

Possibly to be interpreted as a variant of tꜣ (“the”) + ꜥꜣ(t) (“great (one)”), thus literally ‘the great’.


ptḥ-špss

ptḥ (“Ptah”) + špss (“to be noble, esteemed”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Ptah is noble/esteemed’.


nfrt-kꜣw

nfrt (“beautiful (one)”) + kꜣw (plural of kꜣ (“ka”)) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘the beautiful one of kas’.

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">kꜣ</i> (“ka”)


psšt

psšt (singular)
psštj (dual)
psšwt (plural)

Demotic: pšt

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲡⲉϣⲉ (peše)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲫⲁϣⲓ (phaši)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲡⲉϣⲓ (peši)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲁϣⲉ (paše)

From psš (“to divide, to share out”) + -t (feminine suffix).

suffix

apportionment, distribution, sharing out


pr-snt

pr (“to come forth”) + snt (“sister”), thus ‘a sister comes forth’.


mwt-nfr.t

mwt (“Mut”) + nfr (“to be beautiful”) + .t(j) (feminine singular stative ending), thus ‘Mut is beautiful’.


mryt-jt.s

mryt (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + jt (“father”) + .s (“her”), thus literally ‘(she) whom her father loves’.


pwj-m-rꜥ

pwj (a proper name) + m (“in (the role of)”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus perhaps ‘pwj is Ra’.


pwrꜣsꜣtj

Likely cognate with Akkadian 𒆳𒉿𒇷𒄑𒋫 (ᴷᵁᴿPilistu), 𒆳𒉺𒆷𒀾𒋫 (ᴷᵁᴿPalastu) and Hebrew פְּלֶשֶׁת (Pəléšeṯ, “Philistia”). Also compare Ancient Greek Πελασγός (Pelasgós).

one of the Sea Peoples that invaded Egypt during the reign of Ramesses III, likely to be identified with the later Philistines


pr-bꜣstt

pr:Z1-W1-t:H8-niwt m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

→ Ancient Greek: Βούβαστις (Boúbastis)

→ Latin: Būbastis

→ English: Bubastis

Bohairic Coptic: ⲡⲟⲩⲃⲁⲥϯ (poubasti)

desc

→ Hebrew: פִּי-בֶסֶת

→ Hebrew: פִּי-בֶסֶת

pr (“house”) + bꜣstt (“Bastet”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘House of Bastet’.


sfsf

s-f:z:f-Q7 4-lit. (canonical)
sfsf (infinitive)
sfsfw (infinitive negative)
sfsf (infinitive negative)
sfsft (infinitive)
sfsf (imperative infinitive singular)
sfsf (imperative infinitive plural)
sfsf (stative)
ḥr sfsf (imperfective)
m sfsf (imperfective)
r sfsf (prospective)
sfsf.n (active perfect)
sfsfw (passive perfect)
sfsf (passive perfect)
sfsf.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sfsft (terminative)
sfsf (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sfsf.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sfsf (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sfsfw (active prospective)
sfsf (active prospective)
sfsfw (passive prospective)
sfsf (passive prospective)
sfsf.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sfsf (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sfsf.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sfsf (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sfsf (active participle perfective)
sfsf (participle passive perfective)
sfsfw (participle passive perfective)
sfsfy (participle passive perfective)
sfsf (active imperfective participle relative)
sfsfy (active imperfective participle relative)
sfsfw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sfsf (active imperfective participle)
sfsfj (active imperfective participle)
sfsfy (active imperfective participle)
sfsf (imperfective participle passive)
sfsfw (imperfective participle passive)
sfsf (active participle prospective relative)
sfsftj (active participle prospective relative)
sfsfwtj (participle prospective)
sfsftj (participle prospective)
sfsft (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

sfsft

sfsfw.tj1, sfsf.tj1, sfsfw.tw2, sfsf.tw2

Apparently a development of earlier ssf.


n-kꜣw

n(j) (“of, belonging to”) + kꜣw (plural of kꜣ (“ka”)), thus literally ‘(the one) belonging to the kas’.

af

The second glyph is unclearand may be something else


tꜣ.f-nḫt

tꜣy (possessive determiner) + .f (“his”) + nḫt (“strength”), thus literally ‘his strength’.


nꜣy.f-ꜥꜣw-rwḏ

/nɑiːʔɛf ɑːʔɑuː ruːd͡ʒ/

nꜣy (demonstrative determiner) + .f (“his”) + ꜥꜣw (plural of ꜥꜣ (“great (one)”)) + rwḏ (“to be firm, to prosper”) + (.w) (masculine plural stative ending), thus literally ‘his great ones are prospering’, with ‘his great ones’ referring to his ancestors. Alternatively, it is possible that ꜥꜣw is not the plural of ꜥꜣ here but the abstract noun meaning ‘greatness’, thus ‘his greatness is prospering’; either interpretation is plausible.

af

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ꜥꜣ</i> (“great (one)”)


nḫt-nb.f

nḫt (“strong, victorious (one)”) + nb (“lord”) + .f (“his”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘The strong one of his lord’.


mꜣꜣt-ḥr-nfrw-rꜥ

mꜣꜣt (“seeing”, feminine imperfective active participle of mꜣꜣ) + ḥr (“Horus”) + nfrw (“beauty”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), with the last two words in a direct genitive construction and in apposition to the rest, thus ‘(one) seeing Horus, the beauty of Ra’.

af

feminine imperfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mꜣꜣ</i>


ḏd-ḥr

→ Akkadian:

Neo-Assyrian: 𒍢𒄩𒀀 (ṣi-ḫa-a /ṣiḫā/)

Neo-Babylonian: 𒍢𒄩𒀪 (ṣi-ḫa-ˀ /ṣiḫaꜣ/)

→ Ancient Greek: Τέως (Téōs)

Coptic: ⲧⲁϩⲟ (taho)

ḏd (“to say”) + ḥr (“Horus”), thus literally ‘Horus says’. This might be either a shortened form of the name ḏd-ḥr-jw.f-ꜥnḫ (literally “Horus says, ‘He will live’”) or an ancient misreading of a hieratic name ns-ḥr (literally “the one belonging to Horus”).


jꜥḥ-ḥtp

jꜥḥ (“Iah/the moon”) + ḥtp (“to be content”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus literally ‘Iah/the moon is content’.


šꜣbꜣtꜣkꜣ

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Shebitku, a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty


psmṯk

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ψαμμήτιχος (Psammḗtikhos)
Greek: Ψαμμήτιχος (Psammítichos)
→ Latin: Psammētichus
→ English: Psammetichus

Uncertain; one possible derivation, based on the attested longer form pꜣ-zꜣ-n-mṯk, is p(ꜣ) (“the”) + z(ꜣ) (“man”) + n(j) (“of”) + mṯk (“the Libyan deity Meṯek”), thus ‘the man of Meṯek’.


jrwrꜣ

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Alara, a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty


šꜣbꜣkꜣ

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Shabaka, a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty


kꜣštꜣ

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Kashta, a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty


ḏḏw-ms

/d͡ʒɛd͡ʒuː mɛs/

ḏḏw (“who is given”) + ms(w) (“birth”), thus ‘(the one) who is given birth’.


tꜣnwꜣtj-jmn

The Lexikon der Ägyptologie notes that this name is evidently Cushitic. Leprohon, however, considers it a variant of the Egyptian name tꜣ-nt-jmn (literally “She of Amun”), which is otherwise only attested as a feminine name. In any case, the second element is certainly jmn (“Amun”). The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

egy-ht

a male given name, Tantamani or Tanutamun


jꜥḥ-ms

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ἄμασις (Ámasis), Ἄμωσις (Ámōsis)

jꜥḥ (“the moon/Iah”) + ms (“to give birth”) + (.w) (masculine third-person singular stative ending), thus ‘the moon is born’ or ‘Iah is born’.


zꜣ-jmn

From zꜣ (“son”) + jmn (“Amun”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘son of Amun’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


nmꜣrṯ

Of Libyan origin, presumably from a predecessor or extinct sister language of Proto-Berber.


stẖ-nḫt

From stẖ (“Set”) + nḫt (“to be strong, to be victorious”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Set is strong’.


pꜣ-sbꜣ-ḫꜥ-n-nwt

/pəˈsiːβə χəʕənˈneːʔə/

pꜣ (“the”) + sbꜣ (“star”) + ḫꜥ (“appearing”) + n (“in”) + nwt (“city”), thus literally ‘the star appearing in the city’, a reference to Thebes.
Greek Ψουσέννης (Psousénnēs) reflects the later (Demotic-era) shift of /ḫ/ → [ʃ] in [pəsiβʃəʕənˈneːʔə]. The preposition m appears as n due to assimilation with nwt.

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Psusennes I, a pharaoh of the Twenty-First Dynasty.


rwḏ-jmn

From rwḏ (“to be firm, to succeed”) + jmn (“Amun”), thus ‘Amun is firm/Amun succeeds’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


p.f-ṯꜣw-ꜥwj-bꜣstt

/pɛʔɛf t͡ʃɑuː ɑːuːi bɑstɛt/

p(ꜣy) (demonstrative determiner) + .f (“his”) + ṯꜣw (“breath”) + (m) (“in, from”) + ꜥwj (dual of ꜥ (“arm”)) + bꜣstt (“Bastet”), thus ‘his breath (comes) from the arms of Bastet’.

dual of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ꜥ</i> (“arm”)


zꜣ-ꜣst

zꜣ (“son”) + ꜣst (“Isis”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘son of Isis’.


ḥr-zꜣ-ꜣst

Demotic: ḥr-sꜣ-js.t

Coptic: ϩⲱⲣⲥⲓⲏⲥⲉ (hōrsiēse)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἁρσιῆσις (Harsiêsis)

/ħoːɾ siːʔ ˈʔeːsə/

ḥr (“Horus”) + zꜣ (“son”) + ꜣst (“Isis”) with the latter two elements in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Horus, son of Isis’.


ꜣst-nfrt

ꜣst (“Isis”) + nfrt (“beautiful”), thus ‘Isis is beautiful’.


tꜣ-nt-jmn

tꜣ (feminine relational pronoun) + nt (“of”) + jmn (“Amun”), thus literally ‘she of Amun’.


ꜣst-m-ꜣḫ-bjt

ꜣst (“Isis”) + m (“in”) + ꜣḫ-bjt (“Chemmis”), thus ‘Isis is in Chemmis’.


wsr-mnṯw

wsr (“to be powerful”) + mnṯw (“Montu”), thus literally ‘Montu is powerful’.


ẖnmt-nfr-ḥḏt

ẖnmt (“united with”) + nfr-ḥḏt (“White Crown”), thus literally ‘united with the White Crown’.

a female given name, Khenemetneferhedjet


pꜣ-dj-bꜣstt

pꜣ (“the”) + dj (“given”) + bꜣstt (“Bastet”), thus literally ‘the given of Bastet’, i.e. ‘the one whom Bastet has given’.


nfr-ḥḏt

nfr (“White Crown”) + ḥḏt (“White Crown”).


pꜣ-nḥsj

→ Biblical Hebrew: פִּינְחָס (Pīnəḥās)

→ English: Phinehas, Phineas

pꜣ (“the”) + nḥsj (“Nubian”), thus literally ‘the Nubian’.


ḫꜥ-m-wꜣst

ḫꜥ (“appearing”) + m (“in”) + wꜣst (“Thebes”), thus ‘(the one) appearing in Thebes’.


jrj ꜣbw

jrj (“to do, to make”) + ꜣbw (“cessation”).


n ꜣbw

n (“to, for”) + ꜣbw (inflection of ꜣbj (“to desire, to want, to be happy”)).

inflection of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ꜣbj</i> (“to desire, to want, to be happy”)

(Late Egyptian, with a verb in the infinitive) in order to


r ꜣbb

r (“regarding, according to”) + ꜣbb (active imperfective participle of ꜣbj (“to desire, to want, to be happy”)).

active imperfective participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ꜣbj</i> (“to desire, to want, to be happy”)

(with attached suffix pronoun) at one’s pleasure, at will, as one wishes


n ꜣbb

n (“to, for”) + ꜣbb (active imperfective participle of ꜣbj (“to desire, to want, to be happy”)).


ꜣby-mḥw

ꜣby-mḥw (singular)
ꜣbywj-mḥw (dual)
ꜣbyw-mḥw (plural)

From ꜣby (“lithe spotted big cat”) + mḥw (“Lower Egypt”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘panther of Lower Egypt’.

Acinonyx jubatus
Acinonyx jubatus#Translingual


ꜣby-šmꜥ

ꜣby-šmꜥ (singular)
ꜣbywj-šmꜥ (dual)
ꜣbyw-šmꜥ (plural)

/ɑbiː ʃɛmɑː/

ꜣby (“lithe spotted big cat”) + šmꜥ (“Upper Egypt”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘panther of Upper Egypt’.

Panthera pardus
Panthera pardus#Translingual

leopard, Panthera pardus, usually as a simile for bloodlust or fury


ꜣbyt

ꜣbyt (singular)
ꜣbytj (dual)
ꜣbywt (plural)

Demotic: ꜣby, bꜣ

desc

→ Ancient Greek: -αβως (-abōs), -εβως (-ebōs)

ꜣby (“leopard or cheetah, panther”) + -t (feminine ending).

af

a (female) lithe spotted big cat, including both leopards and cheetahs; female ‘panther’


ꜣbw-nṯr

From ꜣbwt (“appearance, form”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘form of the god’. However, the full form *ꜣbwt-nṯr is unattested, as the word-final t had fallen silent and was often left unwritten by the time of this term’s earliest attestation. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

egy-ht

a type of cloth that serves as a cultic object or relic, sometimes associated with Horus and seen as having protective and mortuary functions


mḥw

mḥw (singular)
mḥwwj (dual)
mḥww (plural)


mḥw

Alternative form of mḥꜥw (“flax, linen”)


ꜣbnjnj

ꜣbnjnj (singular)
ꜣbnjnjwj (dual)
ꜣbnjnjw (plural)


ꜣbb

Ab-b-b-Z5:D54 2ae gem. (canonical)
ꜣbb (infinitive)
ꜣbb (infinitive negative)
ꜣbbt (infinitive)
ꜣbb (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣb (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣbb (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣb (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣbb (stative)
ꜣb (stative)
ḥr ꜣbb (imperfective)
m ꜣbb (imperfective)
r ꜣbb (prospective)
ꜣbb.n (active perfect)
ꜣb.n (active perfect)
ꜣb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ꜣbbt (active terminative)
ꜣb (active perfective)
ꜣbb.ḫr (active obligative)
ꜣbb (active imperfective)
ꜣbb (active prospective)
ꜣb.kꜣ (active potential)
ꜣb (active subjunctive)
ꜣb.n (active participle perfect)
ꜣb (active participle perfective)
ꜣb (participle passive perfective)
ꜣbw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣby (participle passive perfective)
ꜣbb (active imperfective participle)
ꜣbby (active imperfective participle)
ꜣbbw (active imperfective participle)
ꜣbbj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣbb (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣbbw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣb (active participle prospective)
ꜣbtj (active participle prospective)
ꜣbbtj (participle prospective)
ꜣbbt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ꜣbbt

ꜣbb.n.tj1, ꜣb.n.tj1, ꜣbb.n.tw2, ꜣb.n.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ꜣb</i> before suffix pronouns.

Related to ꜣb (“to avoid, to cease, to separate from”).

(Late Egyptian, intransitive, with r) to separate from, to move away


ꜣpꜣrwywsꜣ

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀπελλαῖος (Apellaîos).

The month of Apellaios in the Ancient Macedonian calendar


psḏ

psḏ (singular)
psḏwj (dual)
psḏw (plural)


bšj

b-S-D26 3ae inf. (canonical)
bšt (infinitive)
bšj (infinitive)
bšw (infinitive negative)
bš (infinitive negative)
bšwt (infinitive)
bšyt (infinitive)
bš (imperative infinitive singular)
bš (imperative infinitive plural)
bšy (imperative infinitive plural)
bš (stative)
bšš (stative)
ḥr bšt (imperfective)
ḥr bšj (imperfective)
m bšt (imperfective)
m bšj (imperfective)
r bšt (prospective)
r bšj (prospective)
bš.n (active perfect)
bšw (passive perfect)
bš (passive perfect)
bšy (passive perfect)
bš.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
bšt (terminative)
bšyt (terminative)
bš (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
bš.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
bš (active imperfective)
bšy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
bšw (active prospective)
bš (active prospective)
bšy (active prospective)
bšw (passive prospective)
bš (passive prospective)
bšy (passive prospective)
bš.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
bš (active subjunctive)
bšy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
bš.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
bšw (active participle perfective relative)
bšy (active participle perfective relative)
bš (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
bš (active participle perfective)
bšy (participle passive perfective)
bš (participle passive perfective)
bšš (active imperfective participle relative)
bššy (active imperfective participle relative)
bššw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
bšš (active imperfective participle)
bššj (active imperfective participle)
bššy (active imperfective participle)
bšš (imperfective participle passive)
bššw (imperfective participle passive)
bšw (active participle prospective relative)
bšy (active participle prospective relative)
bš (active participle prospective relative)
bštj (active participle prospective relative)
bšwtj (participle prospective)
bštj (participle prospective)
bšt (participle prospective)

bšt, bšyt

bšw.tj1, bš.tj1, bšy.tj1, bšw.tw2, bš.tw2, bšy.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">-y</i> instead of the expected stative ending.

(intransitive, of the Nile and inundation) to gush

(transitive, of the sources of the Nile) to gush forth (water)

(transitive, figuratively, of fields) to gush with (verdure, plants)

(transitive, figuratively, of the heart) to reveal, to betray (one’s thoughts)


psg

p-s-g-D26 3-lit. (canonical)
psg (infinitive)
psgw (infinitive negative)
psg (infinitive negative)
psgt (infinitive)
psg (imperative infinitive singular)
psg (imperative infinitive plural)
psg (stative)
ḥr psg (imperfective)
m psg (imperfective)
r psg (prospective)
psg.n (active perfect)
psgw (passive perfect)
psg (passive perfect)
psg.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
psgt (terminative)
psg (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
psg.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
psg (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
psg (active prospective)
psgg (passive prospective)
psg.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
psg (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
psg.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
psg (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
psg (active participle perfective)
psg (participle passive perfective)
psgw (participle passive perfective)
psgy (participle passive perfective)
psg (active imperfective participle relative)
psgy (active imperfective participle relative)
psgw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
psg (active imperfective participle)
psgj (active imperfective participle)
psgy (active imperfective participle)
psg (imperfective participle passive)
psgw (imperfective participle passive)
psg (active participle prospective relative)
psgtj (active participle prospective relative)
psgtj (participle prospective)
psgt (participle prospective)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲱϭⲥ (pōcs)

(intransitive or transitive) to spit on (someone or something) (+ m: to spit on with (spittle, fire, etc.))

(intransitive (with r, ḥr, or n) or transitive) to spit on (something sick) in order to heal it

(transitive) to spit on (a person) out of contempt

(transitive) to spit on (something) in order to harm it

(intransitive, with r or ḥr) to spit on (Apophis or a representation of Apophis)

(transitive) to spit out (+ m ḫt: to contemptuously spit out behind (something))


ssn

s-s-sn-n:D19 caus. 2-lit. (canonical)
ssnt (infinitive)
ssn (infinitive)
ssnw (infinitive negative)
ssn (infinitive negative)
ssn (imperative infinitive singular)
ssn (imperative infinitive plural)
ssn (stative)
ḥr ssn (imperfective)
m ssn (imperfective)
r ssn (prospective)
ssn.n (active perfect)
ssnw (passive perfect)
ssn (passive perfect)
ssn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ssnt (terminative)
ssn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ssn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ssn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ssnw (active prospective)
ssn (active prospective)
ssny (active prospective)
ssnw (passive prospective)
ssn (passive prospective)
ssny (passive prospective)
ssn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ssn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ssn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ssn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ssn (active participle perfective)
ssn (participle passive perfective)
ssnw (participle passive perfective)
ssny (participle passive perfective)
ssn (active imperfective participle relative)
ssny (active imperfective participle relative)
ssnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ssn (active imperfective participle)
ssnj (active imperfective participle)
ssny (active imperfective participle)
ssn (imperfective participle passive)
ssnw (imperfective participle passive)
ssn (active participle prospective relative)
ssntj (active participle prospective relative)
ssnwtj (participle prospective)
ssntj (participle prospective)
ssnt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-caus-x-lit

causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.

egy-conj-table

ssnt

ssnw.tj1, ssn.tj1, ssny.tj1, ssnw.tw2, ssn.tw2, ssny.tw2

s- (causative prefix) + sn (“to smell, to kiss”).

af

[since the Pyramid Texts;common since the Middle Kingdom]

(transitive or intransitive, of a person or a nose) to breathe

c. 1800 BCE, Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus (UC 32057), page 2, line 7


qjs

q-i-s-D26-A2 3-lit. (canonical)
qjs (infinitive)
qjsw (infinitive negative)
qjs (infinitive negative)
qjst (infinitive)
qjs (imperative infinitive singular)
qjs (imperative infinitive plural)
qjs (stative)
ḥr qjs (imperfective)
m qjs (imperfective)
r qjs (prospective)
qjs.n (active perfect)
qjsw (passive perfect)
qjs (passive perfect)
qjs.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
qjst (terminative)
qjs (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
qjs.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
qjs (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
qjs (active prospective)
qjss (passive prospective)
qjs.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
qjs (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
qjs.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
qjs (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
qjs (active participle perfective)
qjs (participle passive perfective)
qjsw (participle passive perfective)
qjsy (participle passive perfective)
qjs (active imperfective participle relative)
qjsy (active imperfective participle relative)
qjsw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
qjs (active imperfective participle)
qjsj (active imperfective participle)
qjsy (active imperfective participle)
qjs (imperfective participle passive)
qjsw (imperfective participle passive)
qjs (active participle prospective relative)
qjstj (active participle prospective relative)
qjstj (participle prospective)
qjst (participle prospective)

Compare qꜣꜥ (“to vomit”), Oromo hooqqisuu, hooqqisiisuu (“to vomit”).

cog

(transitive, of floodwater) to gush upon (the fields)


qjs

qjs (singular)
qjswj (dual)
qjsw (plural)


qjs

q-i-s-niwt m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)


tpr

t*p:r-D19 3-lit. (canonical)
tpr (infinitive)
tprw (infinitive negative)
tpr (infinitive negative)
tprt (infinitive)
tpr (imperative infinitive singular)
tpr (imperative infinitive plural)
tpr (stative)
ḥr tpr (imperfective)
m tpr (imperfective)
r tpr (prospective)
tpr.n (active perfect)
tprw (passive perfect)
tpr (passive perfect)
tpr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
tprt (terminative)
tpr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
tpr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
tpr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
tpr (active prospective)
tprr (passive prospective)
tpr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
tpr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
tpr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
tpr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
tpr (active participle perfective)
tpr (participle passive perfective)
tprw (participle passive perfective)
tpry (participle passive perfective)
tpr (active imperfective participle relative)
tpry (active imperfective participle relative)
tprw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
tpr (active imperfective participle)
tprj (active imperfective participle)
tpry (active imperfective participle)
tpr (imperfective participle passive)
tprw (imperfective participle passive)
tpr (active participle prospective relative)
tprtj (active participle prospective relative)
tprtj (participle prospective)
tprt (participle prospective)


zḫj

z:x-A24 3ae inf. (canonical)
zḫt (infinitive)
zḫj (infinitive)
zḫw (infinitive negative)
zḫ (infinitive negative)
zḫwt (infinitive)
zḫyt (infinitive)
zḫ (imperative infinitive singular)
zḫ (imperative infinitive plural)
zḫy (imperative infinitive plural)
zḫ (stative)
zḫḫ (stative)
ḥr zḫt (imperfective)
ḥr zḫj (imperfective)
m zḫt (imperfective)
m zḫj (imperfective)
r zḫt (prospective)
r zḫj (prospective)
zḫ.n (active perfect)
zḫw (passive perfect)
zḫ (passive perfect)
zḫy (passive perfect)
zḫ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
zḫt (terminative)
zḫyt (terminative)
zḫ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
zḫ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
zḫ (active imperfective)
zḫy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
zḫw (active prospective)
zḫ (active prospective)
zḫy (active prospective)
zḫw (passive prospective)
zḫ (passive prospective)
zḫy (passive prospective)
zḫ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
zḫ (active subjunctive)
zḫy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
zḫ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
zḫw (active participle perfective relative)
zḫy (active participle perfective relative)
zḫ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
zḫ (active participle perfective)
zḫy (participle passive perfective)
zḫ (participle passive perfective)
zḫḫ (active imperfective participle relative)
zḫḫy (active imperfective participle relative)
zḫḫw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
zḫḫ (active imperfective participle)
zḫḫj (active imperfective participle)
zḫḫy (active imperfective participle)
zḫḫ (imperfective participle passive)
zḫḫw (imperfective participle passive)
zḫw (active participle prospective relative)
zḫy (active participle prospective relative)
zḫ (active participle prospective relative)
zḫtj (active participle prospective relative)
zḫwtj (participle prospective)
zḫtj (participle prospective)
zḫt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

zḫt, zḫyt

zḫw.tj1, zḫ.tj1, zḫy.tj1, zḫw.tw2, zḫ.tw2, zḫy.tw2


ḫntj-š

xnt-t:S (canonical masculine)
ḫntj-š (singular)
ḫntjwj-š (dual)
ḫntjw-š (plural)

ḫntj (“foremost”) + š (“district, garden”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘foremost of the district/garden’.

af

Late 5th Dynasty, Striding Statue of Minnefer (Cleveland 1948.420), inscription on base

Supervisor of palace attendants Minnefer

a title, conventionally rendered ‘land-tenant’ or ‘attendant’


ḫntj-š

ḫntj-š (singular)
ḫntjwj-š (dual)
ḫntjw-š (plural)


nbj

n:nb-b- N36 3ae inf. (canonical)
nbt (infinitive)
nbj (infinitive)
nbw (infinitive negative)
nb (infinitive negative)
nbwt (infinitive)
nbyt (infinitive)
nb (imperative infinitive singular)
nb (imperative infinitive plural)
nby (imperative infinitive plural)
nb (stative)
nbb (stative)
ḥr nbt (imperfective)
ḥr nbj (imperfective)
m nbt (imperfective)
m nbj (imperfective)
r nbt (prospective)
r nbj (prospective)
nb.n (active perfect)
nb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
nbt (active terminative)
nbyt (active terminative)
nb (active perfective)
nb.ḫr (active obligative)
nb (active imperfective)
nby (active imperfective)
nbw (active prospective)
nb (active prospective)
nby (active prospective)
nb.kꜣ (active potential)
nb (active subjunctive)
nby (active subjunctive)
nb.n (active participle perfect)
nbw (active participle perfective)
nby (active participle perfective)
nb (active participle perfective)
nby (participle passive perfective)
nb (participle passive perfective)
nbb (active imperfective participle)
nbby (active imperfective participle)
nbbw (active imperfective participle)
nbbj (active imperfective participle)
nbb (imperfective participle passive)
nbbw (imperfective participle passive)
nbw (active participle prospective)
nby (active participle prospective)
nb (active participle prospective)
nbtj (active participle prospective)
nbwtj (participle prospective)
nbtj (participle prospective)
nbt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

nbt, nbyt

nbw.tj1, nb.tj1, nby.tj1, nbw.tw2, nb.tw2, nby.tw2

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲏⲃⲓ (nēbi), ⲛⲓⲡⲓ (nipi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲛⲓⲃⲓ (nibi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲏⲏⲃⲉ (nēēbe), ⲛⲓⲃⲉ (nibe)

(intransitive, of the sun) to ‘swim’ in the sky


ḥnt

ḥnt (singular)
ḥntj (dual)
ḥnwt (plural)

(Late Egyptian) a bucket or basin to hold papyrus


ḥnt

the branch of the Nile connecting the river to the Fayum Oasis


nqꜥ

n:q-a:Z9-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
nqꜥ (infinitive)
nqꜥw (infinitive negative)
nqꜥ (infinitive negative)
nqꜥt (infinitive)
nqꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
nqꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
nqꜥ (stative)
ḥr nqꜥ (imperfective)
m nqꜥ (imperfective)
r nqꜥ (prospective)
nqꜥ.n (active perfect)
nqꜥw (passive perfect)
nqꜥ (passive perfect)
nqꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
nqꜥt (terminative)
nqꜥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
nqꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
nqꜥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
nqꜥ (active prospective)
nqꜥꜥ (passive prospective)
nqꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
nqꜥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
nqꜥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
nqꜥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
nqꜥ (active participle perfective)
nqꜥ (participle passive perfective)
nqꜥw (participle passive perfective)
nqꜥy (participle passive perfective)
nqꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
nqꜥy (active imperfective participle relative)
nqꜥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
nqꜥ (active imperfective participle)
nqꜥj (active imperfective participle)
nqꜥy (active imperfective participle)
nqꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
nqꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
nqꜥ (active participle prospective relative)
nqꜥtj (active participle prospective relative)
nqꜥtj (participle prospective)
nqꜥt (participle prospective)

(Late Egyptian, transitive) to inscribe, to scratch


ꜥnq

a:n:q*D54 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜥnq (infinitive)
ꜥnqw (infinitive negative)
ꜥnq (infinitive negative)
ꜥnqt (infinitive)
ꜥnq (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥnq (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥnq (stative)
ḥr ꜥnq (imperfective)
m ꜥnq (imperfective)
r ꜥnq (prospective)
ꜥnq.n (active perfect)
ꜥnqw (passive perfect)
ꜥnq (passive perfect)
ꜥnq.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜥnqt (terminative)
ꜥnq (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜥnq.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜥnq (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜥnq (active prospective)
ꜥnqq (passive prospective)
ꜥnq.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜥnq (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜥnq.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜥnq (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜥnq (active participle perfective)
ꜥnq (participle passive perfective)
ꜥnqw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥnqy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥnq (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥnqy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥnqw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜥnq (active imperfective participle)
ꜥnqj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥnqy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥnq (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥnqw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥnq (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥnqtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥnqtj (participle prospective)
ꜥnqt (participle prospective)

(intransitive, of the inundation) to flow in, to flood


jꜥf

i-a:f 3-lit. (canonical)
jꜥf (infinitive)
jꜥfw (infinitive negative)
jꜥf (infinitive negative)
jꜥft (infinitive)
jꜥf (imperative infinitive singular)
jꜥf (imperative infinitive plural)
jꜥf (stative)
ḥr jꜥf (imperfective)
m jꜥf (imperfective)
r jꜥf (prospective)
jꜥf.n (active perfect)
jꜥfw (passive perfect)
jꜥf (passive perfect)
jꜥf.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jꜥft (terminative)
jꜥf (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jꜥf.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jꜥf (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jꜥf (active prospective)
jꜥff (passive prospective)
jꜥf.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jꜥf (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jꜥf.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jꜥf (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jꜥf (active participle perfective)
jꜥf (participle passive perfective)
jꜥfw (participle passive perfective)
jꜥfy (participle passive perfective)
jꜥf (active imperfective participle relative)
jꜥfy (active imperfective participle relative)
jꜥfw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jꜥf (active imperfective participle)
jꜥfj (active imperfective participle)
jꜥfy (active imperfective participle)
jꜥf (imperfective participle passive)
jꜥfw (imperfective participle passive)
jꜥf (active participle prospective relative)
jꜥftj (active participle prospective relative)
jꜥftj (participle prospective)
jꜥft (participle prospective)

Demotic: ꜥfy

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱϥ (ōf)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲱϥⲓ (ōfi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲱϥⲉ (ōfe), ⲱⲃⲉ (ōbe), ⲱϥ (ōf), ⲱⲃ (ōb)

(transitive) to press, to squeeze out (wine or grape juice)


ẖdb

X:d-b-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
ẖdb (infinitive)
ẖdbw (infinitive negative)
ẖdb (infinitive negative)
ẖdbt (infinitive)
ẖdb (imperative infinitive singular)
ẖdb (imperative infinitive plural)
ẖdb (stative)
ḥr ẖdb (imperfective)
m ẖdb (imperfective)
r ẖdb (prospective)
ẖdb.n (active perfect)
ẖdbw (passive perfect)
ẖdb (passive perfect)
ẖdb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ẖdbt (terminative)
ẖdb (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ẖdb.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ẖdb (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ẖdb (active prospective)
ẖdbb (passive prospective)
ẖdb.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ẖdb (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ẖdb.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ẖdb (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ẖdb (active participle perfective)
ẖdb (participle passive perfective)
ẖdbw (participle passive perfective)
ẖdby (participle passive perfective)
ẖdb (active imperfective participle relative)
ẖdby (active imperfective participle relative)
ẖdbw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ẖdb (active imperfective participle)
ẖdbj (active imperfective participle)
ẖdby (active imperfective participle)
ẖdb (imperfective participle passive)
ẖdbw (imperfective participle passive)
ẖdb (active participle prospective relative)
ẖdbtj (active participle prospective relative)
ẖdbtj (participle prospective)
ẖdbt (participle prospective)

Demotic: ẖtb

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ (xōtbe)

Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ (xōteb)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲱⲧⲉⲃ (hōteb)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲱⲧⲃ (hōtb), ϩⲱⲧⲉⲃ (hōteb)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲱⲧⲃ (hōtb), ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ (hōtbe)

(transitive) to kill (a person or animal)

(intransitive) to kill generally in battle (+ m: among (enemies))


šfw

S:f-Aa2 3ae inf. (canonical)
šft (infinitive)
šfj (infinitive)
šfw (infinitive negative)
šf (infinitive negative)
šfwt (infinitive)
šfyt (infinitive)
šf (imperative infinitive singular)
šf (imperative infinitive plural)
šfy (imperative infinitive plural)
šf (stative)
šff (stative)
ḥr šft (imperfective)
ḥr šfj (imperfective)
m šft (imperfective)
m šfj (imperfective)
r šft (prospective)
r šfj (prospective)
šf.n (active perfect)
šf.jn (active consecutive contingent)
šft (active terminative)
šfyt (active terminative)
šf (active perfective)
šf.ḫr (active obligative)
šf (active imperfective)
šfy (active imperfective)
šfw (active prospective)
šf (active prospective)
šfy (active prospective)
šf.kꜣ (active potential)
šf (active subjunctive)
šfy (active subjunctive)
šf.n (active participle perfect)
šfw (active participle perfective)
šfy (active participle perfective)
šf (active participle perfective)
šfy (participle passive perfective)
šf (participle passive perfective)
šff (active imperfective participle)
šffy (active imperfective participle)
šffw (active imperfective participle)
šffj (active imperfective participle)
šff (imperfective participle passive)
šffw (imperfective participle passive)
šfw (active participle prospective)
šfy (active participle prospective)
šf (active participle prospective)
šftj (active participle prospective)
šfwtj (participle prospective)
šftj (participle prospective)
šft (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

šft, šfyt

šfw.tj1, šf.tj1, šfy.tj1, šfw.tw2, šf.tw2, šfy.tw2

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲁϥⲓ (šafi)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲁϥⲉ (šafe), ϣⲉϥⲉ (šefe)

(intransitive, of injured or diseased body parts or floodwaters) to swell up


mꜣẖ

mA-A-X-Q7 3-lit. (canonical)
mꜣẖ (infinitive)
mꜣẖw (infinitive negative)
mꜣẖ (infinitive negative)
mꜣẖt (infinitive)
mꜣẖ (imperative infinitive singular)
mꜣẖ (imperative infinitive plural)
mꜣẖ (stative)
ḥr mꜣẖ (imperfective)
m mꜣẖ (imperfective)
r mꜣẖ (prospective)
mꜣẖ.n (active perfect)
mꜣẖ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
mꜣẖt (active terminative)
mꜣẖ (active perfective)
mꜣẖ.ḫr (active obligative)
mꜣẖ (active imperfective)
mꜣẖ (active prospective)
mꜣẖ.kꜣ (active potential)
mꜣẖ (active subjunctive)
mꜣẖ.n (active participle perfect)
mꜣẖ (active participle perfective)
mꜣẖ (participle passive perfective)
mꜣẖw (participle passive perfective)
mꜣẖy (participle passive perfective)
mꜣẖ (active imperfective participle)
mꜣẖy (active imperfective participle)
mꜣẖw (active imperfective participle)
mꜣẖj (active imperfective participle)
mꜣẖ (imperfective participle passive)
mꜣẖw (imperfective participle passive)
mꜣẖ (active participle prospective)
mꜣẖtj (active participle prospective)
mꜣẖtj (participle prospective)
mꜣẖt (participle prospective)

Demotic: mẖ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟϩ (moh)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩϩ (mouh)

(intransitive) to burn up (+ n: through (fire))

(intransitive, of a heart) to be afraid (+ n: for)

(intransitive, with ḥr, of a heart) to care about


sṯzw

Likely shortened from sṯzw-šw (“the raisings/props of Shu”), from sṯzj (“to raise, lift up”).


ssf

s-s-f-Q7 3-lit. (canonical)
ssf (infinitive)
ssfw (infinitive negative)
ssf (infinitive negative)
ssft (infinitive)
ssf (imperative infinitive singular)
ssf (imperative infinitive plural)
ssf (stative)
ḥr ssf (imperfective)
m ssf (imperfective)
r ssf (prospective)
ssf.n (active perfect)
ssfw (passive perfect)
ssf (passive perfect)
ssf.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ssft (terminative)
ssf (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ssf.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ssf (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ssf (active prospective)
ssff (passive prospective)
ssf.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ssf (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ssf.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ssf (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ssf (active participle perfective)
ssf (participle passive perfective)
ssfw (participle passive perfective)
ssfy (participle passive perfective)
ssf (active imperfective participle relative)
ssfy (active imperfective participle relative)
ssfw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ssf (active imperfective participle)
ssfj (active imperfective participle)
ssfy (active imperfective participle)
ssf (imperfective participle passive)
ssfw (imperfective participle passive)
ssf (active participle prospective relative)
ssftj (active participle prospective relative)
ssftj (participle prospective)
ssft (participle prospective)


smḥj

smḥj (masculine singular)
smḥt (feminine singular)
smḥjwj (dual masculine)
smḥwj (dual masculine)
smḥtj (dual feminine)
smḥjw (masculine plural)
smḥw (masculine plural)
smḥwt (feminine plural)
smḥt (feminine plural)


bꜣj

b-bA-A-mw 3ae inf. (canonical)
bꜣt (infinitive)
bꜣj (infinitive)
bꜣw (infinitive negative)
bꜣ (infinitive negative)
bꜣwt (infinitive)
bꜣyt (infinitive)
bꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
bꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
bꜣy (imperative infinitive plural)
bꜣ (stative)
bꜣꜣ (stative)
ḥr bꜣt (imperfective)
ḥr bꜣj (imperfective)
m bꜣt (imperfective)
m bꜣj (imperfective)
r bꜣt (prospective)
r bꜣj (prospective)
bꜣ.n (active perfect)
bꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
bꜣt (active terminative)
bꜣyt (active terminative)
bꜣ (active perfective)
bꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
bꜣ (active imperfective)
bꜣy (active imperfective)
bꜣw (active prospective)
bꜣ (active prospective)
bꜣy (active prospective)
bꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
bꜣ (active subjunctive)
bꜣy (active subjunctive)
bꜣ.n (active participle perfect)
bꜣw (active participle perfective)
bꜣy (active participle perfective)
bꜣ (active participle perfective)
bꜣy (participle passive perfective)
bꜣ (participle passive perfective)
bꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle)
bꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle)
bꜣꜣw (active imperfective participle)
bꜣꜣj (active imperfective participle)
bꜣꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
bꜣꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
bꜣw (active participle prospective)
bꜣy (active participle prospective)
bꜣ (active participle prospective)
bꜣtj (active participle prospective)
bꜣwtj (participle prospective)
bꜣtj (participle prospective)
bꜣt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

bꜣt, bꜣyt

bꜣw.tj1, bꜣ.tj1, bꜣy.tj1, bꜣw.tw2, bꜣ.tw2, bꜣy.tw2


nẖs

n:X-s- 3-lit. (canonical)
nẖs (infinitive)
nẖsw (infinitive negative)
nẖs (infinitive negative)
nẖst (infinitive)
nẖs (imperative infinitive singular)
nẖs (imperative infinitive plural)
nẖs (stative)
ḥr nẖs (imperfective)
m nẖs (imperfective)
r nẖs (prospective)
nẖs.n (active perfect)
nẖsw (passive perfect)
nẖs (passive perfect)
nẖs.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
nẖst (terminative)
nẖs (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
nẖs.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
nẖs (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
nẖs (active prospective)
nẖss (passive prospective)
nẖs.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
nẖs (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
nẖs.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
nẖs (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
nẖs (active participle perfective)
nẖs (participle passive perfective)
nẖsw (participle passive perfective)
nẖsy (participle passive perfective)
nẖs (active imperfective participle relative)
nẖsy (active imperfective participle relative)
nẖsw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
nẖs (active imperfective participle)
nẖsj (active imperfective participle)
nẖsy (active imperfective participle)
nẖs (imperfective participle passive)
nẖsw (imperfective participle passive)
nẖs (active participle prospective relative)
nẖstj (active participle prospective relative)
nẖstj (participle prospective)
nẖst (participle prospective)


ꜣmꜥ

ꜣmꜥ (singular)
ꜣmꜥwj (dual)
ꜣmꜥw (plural)


ꜣmꜥt

ꜣmꜥt (singular)
ꜣmꜥtj (dual)
ꜣmꜥwt (plural)

From ꜣmꜥ (“perching bird”) + -t, so named because its attachment to the temporal bone was reminiscent of the claw of the ꜣmꜥ-bird grabbing something, as described in the Edwin Smith Papyrus 8.14–8.15.


ꜣmmt

ꜣmmt (singular)
ꜣmmtj (dual)
ꜣmmwt (plural)


ꜣmmw

Likely from ꜣmm (“to grasp, to clench”) + -w.

D:d-x:r-k:r-s-A-m-m-w-a:Z2-p--w--n--N41:t--F45
ḏd.ḫr.k r.s ꜣmmw p[w] n(j) jdt

c. 1800 BCE, Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus (UC 32057), page 2, line 6

You should say regarding that: ‘It is gripings of the uterus.’


ꜣms

ꜣms (singular)
ꜣmswj (dual)
ꜣmsw (plural)

From ꜣm (“is grasped”) + .s (“she, it”) or ꜣm (“is grasped”) + sj (“she, it”), thus literally ‘it is grasped’.

a type of club or mace, the ames-sceptre, used as a weapon by the king and the gods


ꜣms

A-ms-s-S44 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜣms (infinitive)
ꜣmsw (infinitive negative)
ꜣms (infinitive negative)
ꜣmst (infinitive)
ꜣms (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣms (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣms (stative)
ḥr ꜣms (imperfective)
m ꜣms (imperfective)
r ꜣms (prospective)
ꜣms.n (active perfect)
ꜣms.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ꜣmst (active terminative)
ꜣms (active perfective)
ꜣms.ḫr (active obligative)
ꜣms (active imperfective)
ꜣms (active prospective)
ꜣms.kꜣ (active potential)
ꜣms (active subjunctive)
ꜣms.n (active participle perfect)
ꜣms (active participle perfective)
ꜣms (participle passive perfective)
ꜣmsw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣmsy (participle passive perfective)
ꜣms (active imperfective participle)
ꜣmsy (active imperfective participle)
ꜣmsw (active imperfective participle)
ꜣmsj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣms (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣmsw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣms (active participle prospective)
ꜣmstj (active participle prospective)
ꜣmstj (participle prospective)
ꜣmst (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to wield the ames-sceptre


ꜣms

A-ms-s-E5 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜣms (infinitive)
ꜣmsw (infinitive negative)
ꜣms (infinitive negative)
ꜣmst (infinitive)
ꜣms (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣms (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣms (stative)
ḥr ꜣms (imperfective)
m ꜣms (imperfective)
r ꜣms (prospective)
ꜣms.n (active perfect)
ꜣmsw (passive perfect)
ꜣms (passive perfect)
ꜣms.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜣmst (terminative)
ꜣms (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜣms.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜣms (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜣms (active prospective)
ꜣmss (passive prospective)
ꜣms.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜣms (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜣms.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜣms (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜣms (active participle perfective)
ꜣms (participle passive perfective)
ꜣmsw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣmsy (participle passive perfective)
ꜣms (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣmsy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣmsw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜣms (active imperfective participle)
ꜣmsj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣmsy (active imperfective participle)
ꜣms (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣmsw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣms (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣmstj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣmstj (participle prospective)
ꜣmst (participle prospective)

(transitive) Only used in ꜣms-jb (“to be(come) happy, to be(come) cordial”)


ꜣms

Alternative form of jwms (“exaggeration, nonsense”)


j.ḫm-wrḏ

j.ḫm-wrḏ (singular)
j.ḫmwj-wrḏ (dual)
j.ḫmw-wrḏ (plural)

j.ḫm (“not knowing”, imperfective active participle of ḫm) + wrḏ (“to be(come) weary”), thus literally ‘(one) not knowing wearying’, because noncircumpolar stars circle in long paths without end.

af

imperfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ḫm</i>

nb:h-n:nw*w-m-pt:rsw*t*Z1-dwA-ww-m-pt:mH:t:t-
-i-w-x:H_SPACE-m-D35:Z2-s-sk:k-sbA:Z2ss-Xr:r-st-Hr*Z1:f-st-t*pr:Z2:f-p-w-i-w-x:H_SPACE-m-A7:Z2

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 5–6

Possessor of acclaim in the southern sky, worshipped in the northern sky, the circumpolar stars are under his care, and the unwearying stars are his residences.

nb hnw m pt rswt dwꜣw m pt mḥtt j.ḫmw-sk ẖr st ḥr.f swt.f pw j.ḫmw-wrḏ

noncircumpolar star; a star that rises and sets over the course of a day


jnb-ḥḏ

inb-HD m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

Demotic: jnb-ḥḏ

desc

Λευκὸν τεῖχος

→ Ancient Greek: Λευκὸν τεῖχος (Leukòn teîkhos) (calque)

→ English: White Wall (calque)

From jnb (“wall”) + ḥḏ (“white”), literally “White Wall”.

af

A51-s-s-kA:Z1-p-w-xnt-Dd-Dd-wr:r-Xr:r:t-m-R22:x-m-pr:H_SPACE-nb:h-n:nw*w-A32-m-A21:R12-t*y:N36-xnt-D:f:X4-m-iwn-nw:niwt-!-nb-s-xA-w-m-Sw-Sw-H_SPACE:R7-bA-Z1:H_SPACE-S:t*U30-nb:q:r-r:t*O49-D45:r-m-inb-HD-H_SPACE:R7-bA-Z1:H_SPACE-r:a:ra-D:t*Z1:f-D&z&f
špss kꜣ pw ḫnt(j) ḏdw wr ẖrt m ḫm nb hnw m ꜥnḏtj ḫnt(j) ḏf(ꜣ) m jwnw

18th Dynasty, Great Hymn to Osiris, Stela of Amenmose (Louvre C 286), lines 1–2

He is noble of ka, this foremost one of Busiris, great of possessions in Letopolis, possessor of acclaim in (the nome of) Anedjti, foremost of provisions in Heliopolis, possessor of remembrance in the Two Truths (Hall of Judgement), the secret ba, lord of the Cavern, sacred in Memphis, the ba of Ra, his very body (literally, “his body/self of himself”), …

nb sḫꜣw m mꜣꜥtj bꜣ štꜣ nb qrrt ḏsr m jnb-ḥḏ bꜣ rꜥ ḏt.f ḏs.f

the main fortress of Memphis, located toward the north of the city and also functioning as a palace and ceremonial complex

the first nome of Lower Egypt, with its capital at Memphis


sn-tꜣ

sn (“to kiss, to smell”) + tꜣ (“land, ground”).

imi:Z2ss-dwA:t*pr-m-z:n:fnD:N17:N21*Z1-Tz:t-tyw-Z2ss:H_SPACE-m-k:A16*Z3

18th Dynasty, Great Hymn to Osiris, Stela of Amenmose (Louvre C 286), line 6

Those in the afterworld kiss the earth, and those in the desert hills bow down.

(intransitive) to prostrate oneself, to kowtow


jmstj

Imseti, a mortuary god, protector of the liver of the deceased


jmj-ḫnt

imi-xnt (canonical masculine)
jmj-ḫnt (singular)
jmjwj-ḫnt (dual)
jmwj-ḫnt (dual)
jmjw-ḫnt (plural)
jmw-ḫnt (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + ḫnt (“fore, forecourt”), literally “(one who) is in the forecourt (of the palace)”.

an official title: ‘chamberlain’: a priest responsible for the crown and ornaments of the king and for his ceremonial dressing and undressing


jbt

Demotic: ꜣby, ꜣby.t

m&t-A14A-n-i-b-E8-t:N35B ― m(w)t n jbt ― to die of thirst


jzftj

i-z:f-t:y-nDs (canonical masculine)
jzftj (singular)
jzftjwj (dual)
jzftjw (plural)

jzft (“wrong, falsehood, evil”) + -j (nisba ending).


jbꜣ

i-b-A-Y6 3-lit. (canonical)
jbꜣ (infinitive)
jbꜣw (infinitive negative)
jbꜣ (infinitive negative)
jbꜣt (infinitive)
jbꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
jbꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
jbꜣ (stative)
ḥr jbꜣ (imperfective)
m jbꜣ (imperfective)
r jbꜣ (prospective)
jbꜣ.n (active perfect)
jbꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
jbꜣt (active terminative)
jbꜣ (active perfective)
jbꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
jbꜣ (active imperfective)
jbꜣ (active prospective)
jbꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
jbꜣ (active subjunctive)
jbꜣ.n (active participle perfect)
jbꜣ (active participle perfective)
jbꜣ (participle passive perfective)
jbꜣw (participle passive perfective)
jbꜣy (participle passive perfective)
jbꜣ (active imperfective participle)
jbꜣy (active imperfective participle)
jbꜣw (active imperfective participle)
jbꜣj (active imperfective participle)
jbꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
jbꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
jbꜣ (active participle prospective)
jbꜣtj (active participle prospective)
jbꜣtj (participle prospective)
jbꜣt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to dance (+ n: because of, out of joy over)

(intransitive) to move with a dancing motion, for example of a running ostrich


jbꜣ

jbꜣ (singular)
jbꜣwj (dual)
jbꜣw (plural)

(Late Egyptian) entertainment in general


wḥmt

wḥmt (singular)
wḥmtj (dual)
wḥmwt (plural)


wrs

wrs (singular)
wrswj (dual)
wrsw (plural)

headrest for sleeping on one’s side, typically made of wood or alabaster


mnwt

mn:nw*t (canonical feminine)
mnwt (singular)
mnwtj (dual)
mnwwt (plural)

mn:nw*t-xA-xA

Early 6th Dynasty, Tomb of Nyankhnesut, Relief of Men Bringing Birds and Cattle (Cleveland 1930.738), caption above pigeon


wḥꜣ

w-HA-A-D40 3-lit. (canonical)
wḥꜣ (infinitive)
wḥꜣw (infinitive negative)
wḥꜣ (infinitive negative)
wḥꜣt (infinitive)
wḥꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
wḥꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
wḥꜣ (stative)
ḥr wḥꜣ (imperfective)
m wḥꜣ (imperfective)
r wḥꜣ (prospective)
wḥꜣ.n (active perfect)
wḥꜣw (passive perfect)
wḥꜣ (passive perfect)
wḥꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
wḥꜣt (terminative)
wḥꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
wḥꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
wḥꜣ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
wḥꜣ (active prospective)
wḥꜣꜣ (passive prospective)
wḥꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
wḥꜣ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
wḥꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
wḥꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
wḥꜣ (active participle perfective)
wḥꜣ (participle passive perfective)
wḥꜣw (participle passive perfective)
wḥꜣy (participle passive perfective)
wḥꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
wḥꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
wḥꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
wḥꜣ (active imperfective participle)
wḥꜣj (active imperfective participle)
wḥꜣy (active imperfective participle)
wḥꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
wḥꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
wḥꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
wḥꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
wḥꜣtj (participle prospective)
wḥꜣt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to separate by pulling away

to separate by pulling away
to pluck (fruit)

(transitive) to uproot (papyrus, flax, etc.)

to separate by pulling away
to uproot (papyrus, flax, etc.)

to separate by pulling away
to quarry (stone)


njw

njw (singular)
njwwj (dual)
njww (plural)


qrrt

qrrt (singular)
qrrtj (dual)
qrwt (plural)
qrrwt (plural)


qrrt

q:r-r:*t-pr (canonical feminine)
qrrt (singular)
qrrtj (dual)
qrwt (plural)
qrrwt (plural)

(also dual or plural) the Cavern, a region of the afterworld


ḏsrt

a strong ale with an anise flavor which gains a milky appearance when enough water is added to it


bꜣgsw

bꜣgsw (singular)
bꜣgswwj (dual)
bꜣgsww (plural)


ꜣḫt-jtn

→ English: Akhetaten

ꜣḫt (“Akhet”) + jtn (“Aten”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Akhet of the Aten’, i.e. the place where the sun rises.

Akhetaten, Amarna: the capital city newly established and built by the pharaoh Akhenaten


bwtj

bwtj (singular)
bwtjwj (dual)
bwtjw (plural)

Nominalized from bwt (“abomination”) + -j (nisba ending).


dꜣb

d-A-b- (canonical masculine)
dꜣb (singular)
dꜣbwj (dual)
dꜣbw (plural)

gm-m-n:A1-d-A-b-M43-N33C:Z2-i-A-r:*r-t:D5-N33C:Z2-i-m-i-A-q-t-Hn-Z3A-nb:t-A51-s-t-Y2

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 47–48

I found figs and grapes there, and splendid vegetables of all kinds.


qbḥw

qbḥw (singular)
qbḥwwj (dual)
qbḥww (plural)

qbḥ (“to refresh, to cool, to make a libation”) + -w.

(often treated as a plural) a libation of water


qbḥw

the sky as a body of water, the sea of stars


dbḥ

d:bH-b-H-A2 3-lit. (canonical)
dbḥ (infinitive)
dbḥw (infinitive negative)
dbḥ (infinitive negative)
dbḥt (infinitive)
dbḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
dbḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
dbḥ (stative)
ḥr dbḥ (imperfective)
m dbḥ (imperfective)
r dbḥ (prospective)
dbḥ.n (active perfect)
dbḥw (passive perfect)
dbḥ (passive perfect)
dbḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
dbḥt (terminative)
dbḥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
dbḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
dbḥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
dbḥ (active prospective)
dbḥḥ (passive prospective)
dbḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
dbḥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
dbḥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
dbḥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
dbḥ (active participle perfective)
dbḥ (participle passive perfective)
dbḥw (participle passive perfective)
dbḥy (participle passive perfective)
dbḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
dbḥy (active imperfective participle relative)
dbḥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
dbḥ (active imperfective participle)
dbḥj (active imperfective participle)
dbḥy (active imperfective participle)
dbḥ (imperfective participle passive)
dbḥw (imperfective participle passive)
dbḥ (active participle prospective relative)
dbḥtj (active participle prospective relative)
dbḥtj (participle prospective)
dbḥt (participle prospective)

Demotic: tbḥ

Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃϩ (tōbh)

(transitive, Old Egyptian) to need, to require (+ m-ꜥ: from (someone))


nhzj

n:h:z-D5 4ae inf. (canonical)
nhzt (infinitive)
nhzj (infinitive)
nhzw (infinitive negative)
nhzyw (infinitive negative)
nhz (infinitive negative)
nhzwt (infinitive)
nhzyt (infinitive)
nhz (imperative infinitive singular)
nhz (imperative infinitive plural)
nhzy (imperative infinitive plural)
nhz (stative)
ḥr nhzt (imperfective)
ḥr nhzj (imperfective)
m nhzt (imperfective)
r nhzt (prospective)
ḥr nhzj (prospective)
nhz.n (active perfect)
nhzw (passive perfect)
nhz (passive perfect)
nhzy (passive perfect)
nhz.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
nhzt (terminative)
nhz (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
nhz.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
nhz (active imperfective)
nhzy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
nhzw (active prospective)
nhz (active prospective)
nhzy (active prospective)
nhz (passive prospective)
nhz.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
nhz (active subjunctive)
nhzy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
nhz.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
nhzw (active participle perfective relative)
nhzy (active participle perfective relative)
nhz (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
nhz (active participle perfective)
nhzy (participle passive perfective)
nhz (participle passive perfective)
nhz (active imperfective participle relative)
nhzy (active imperfective participle relative)
nhzw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
nhz (active imperfective participle)
nhzj (active imperfective participle)
nhzy (active imperfective participle)
nhz (imperfective participle passive)
nhzw (imperfective participle passive)
nhzw (active participle prospective relative)
nhzy (active participle prospective relative)
nhz (active participle prospective relative)
nhztj (active participle prospective relative)
nhzwtj (participle prospective)
nhztj (participle prospective)
nhzt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

nhzt

nhzw.tj1, nhz.tj1, nhzy.tj1, nhzw.tw2, nhz.tw2, nhzy.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">-y</i> instead of the expected stative ending.

Demotic: nhs

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲉϩⲥⲓ (nehsi)

(intransitive) to be(come) awake, to wake up

(transitive, Late Egyptian) to awaken (someone), to wake (someone) up


sṯ

smell, scent, odor (pleasant or unpleasant)


ḥtp ḏj

ḥtp (“offering”) + ḏj (perfective relative form of rḏj), thus ‘an offering that … gives’.

af

perfective relative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">rḏj</i>

offering formula
offering formula#English

conventionally used in the offering formula to introduce the name of a god whose local funerary establishment provides funerary gift(s) for the deceased

as the introduction to the offering formula as a whole

following the term ḥtp ḏj nswt at the start of the offering formula


jꜥw-r

jꜥw-r (singular)
jꜥwwj-r (dual)
jꜥww-r (plural)

jꜥw (“washing”, from jꜥj (“to wash”)) + r (“mouth”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘washing of the mouth’.

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jꜥj</i> (“to wash”)


rrj

rrj (singular)
rrjwj (dual)
rrjw (plural)

Demotic: ryr

Coptic: ⲣⲓⲣ (rir)

Onomatopoeic, from the pig’s roaring or grunting.


m zp

Coptic: ⲛⲥⲟⲡ (nsop)

m (“in”) + zp (“time, instance, matter”).


rnpwt

Coptic: ⲉⲣⲡⲱ (erpō)

(uncountable) fresh plants and fruits collectively


nbt-pr

nbt-pr (singular)
nbtj-pr (dual)
nbwt-pr (plural)

nbt (“lady”) + pr (“house”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘lady of the house’.

a title, one of the few commonly held by women: a woman who manages a household estate; conventionally rendered as ‘mistress (or ‘lady’) of the house’

(in the plural) noble women collectively


nnšm

nnšm (singular)
nnšmwj (dual)
nnšmw (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲉⲓϣ (noeiš)


zḫz

z:x:z 3-lit. (canonical)
zḫz (infinitive)
zḫzw (infinitive negative)
zḫz (infinitive negative)
zḫzt (infinitive)
zḫz (imperative infinitive singular)
zḫz (imperative infinitive plural)
zḫz (stative)
ḥr zḫz (imperfective)
m zḫz (imperfective)
r zḫz (prospective)
zḫz.n (active perfect)
zḫzw (passive perfect)
zḫz (passive perfect)
zḫz.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
zḫzt (terminative)
zḫz (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
zḫz.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
zḫz (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
zḫz (active prospective)
zḫzz (passive prospective)
zḫz.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
zḫz (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
zḫz.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
zḫz (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
zḫz (active participle perfective)
zḫz (participle passive perfective)
zḫzw (participle passive perfective)
zḫzy (participle passive perfective)
zḫz (active imperfective participle relative)
zḫzy (active imperfective participle relative)
zḫzw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
zḫz (active imperfective participle)
zḫzj (active imperfective participle)
zḫzy (active imperfective participle)
zḫz (imperfective participle passive)
zḫzw (imperfective participle passive)
zḫz (active participle prospective relative)
zḫztj (active participle prospective relative)
zḫztj (participle prospective)
zḫzt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to tear out (an eye) or uproot (papyrus)


zḫz

z:x-z:D54 3-lit. (canonical)
zḫz (infinitive)
zḫzw (infinitive negative)
zḫz (infinitive negative)
zḫzt (infinitive)
zḫz (imperative infinitive singular)
zḫz (imperative infinitive plural)
zḫz (stative)
ḥr zḫz (imperfective)
m zḫz (imperfective)
r zḫz (prospective)
zḫz.n (active perfect)
zḫzw (passive perfect)
zḫz (passive perfect)
zḫz.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
zḫzt (terminative)
zḫz (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
zḫz.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
zḫz (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
zḫz (active prospective)
zḫzz (passive prospective)
zḫz.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
zḫz (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
zḫz.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
zḫz (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
zḫz (active participle perfective)
zḫz (participle passive perfective)
zḫzw (participle passive perfective)
zḫzy (participle passive perfective)
zḫz (active imperfective participle relative)
zḫzy (active imperfective participle relative)
zḫzw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
zḫz (active imperfective participle)
zḫzj (active imperfective participle)
zḫzy (active imperfective participle)
zḫz (imperfective participle passive)
zḫzw (imperfective participle passive)
zḫz (active participle prospective relative)
zḫztj (active participle prospective relative)
zḫztj (participle prospective)
zḫzt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to run, to flee, to tear off


ḏbꜣt

DbA-b-t:pr (canonical feminine)
ḏbꜣt (singular)
ḏbꜣtj (dual)
ḏbꜣwt (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲉⲉⲃⲉ (teebe)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲁⲓⲃⲓ (taibi), ⲧⲱⲃⲓ (tōbi), ⲑⲏⲃⲓ (thēbi), ⲑⲉⲃⲓ (thebi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲉⲃⲉ (tebe)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃⲉ (tōbe)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲁⲓⲃⲉ (taibe), ⲧⲏⲏⲃⲉ (tēēbe), ⲧⲏⲃⲉ (tēbe), ⲧⲉⲃⲓ (tebi)

specifically, the stone outer sarcophagus (in contrast to the inner sarcophagus)


wḫdw

(medicine) an agent of decay and disease seen as originating in the fecal matter of the bowels, spreading to other body parts through the blood vessels, and forming abscesses there and manifesting as pus in the living, while manifesting as decomposition in the dead


ꜥḏt

Alternative form of mꜥnḏt (“the day-barque of Ra”)


msktt

the barque in which the sun sails during the evening and nighttime; the night-barque of Ra


mꜥnḏt

m- (noun-forming prefix) + ꜥnḏw (“dawn, sunlight”) + -t (feminine suffix)

af

the barque in which the sun sails through the sky during the morning and daytime; the day-barque of Ra


r ꜥꜣt

r (“regarding, with respect to”) + ꜥꜣt (“what is great”), thus ‘with respect to what is great’.


ḥpy

Hapy, a mortuary god, protector of the lungs of the deceased


ḏḥwtt

head

<hiero>G26:t*t-</hiero>

 <hiero>D39</hiero>

G26:t*t- D39 (canonical feminine)
ḏḥwtt (singular)
ḏḥwttj (dual)
ḏḥwtwt (plural)

the festival of Thoth, on which offerings were presented to the dead


tḫn

tḫn (singular)
tḫnwj (dual)
tḫnw (plural)


šfdw

šfdw (singular)
šfdwwj (dual)
šfdww (plural)

Dr-r:n-D&d-n:f-H_SPACE:n-s-n:Z2-i-r-n:t**t-nb:t-m-zS-Y1-Hr-Z1-p-G41-A-S-f:d-w-arq-!-sDm-m-s-t-mi-i-D&d-A1-s-t-m-z:n-X4-Y1-HA-A-Y1:Z2-Hr-Z1-SA-A-A-t-Y1:Z2
ḏr.n ḏd.n.f n.sn jr ntt nbt m zẖꜣ ḥr pꜣ šfdw sḏm st mj ḏd.j st (j)m zn ḥꜣw ḥr šꜣꜣt

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.4–2.5

In the end he said to them: As for everything in the writing on this scroll, heed it as I say it; don’t exceed what has been set down.


mswt

ms-w-t (canonical feminine)
mswt (singular)
mswtj (dual)
mswwt (plural)


𓁷

Representing a man’s face with a squared-off beard, one of the few hieroglyphs depicted in frontal view. Compare the Chinese character 面, 𦣻. The elements of the face tend to be somewhat flattened and exaggerated. Although the face is male, the skin is traditionally colored yellow, as if female, rather than the expected red; compare 𓂉, which is also often yellow. The hair is conventionally black; the beard is typically also black, but sometimes it is yellow as if it has been reinterpreted as the neck. The phonogrammatic value of ḥr is derived by the rebus principle from the glyph’s use as the logogram for ḥr (“face”).


ꜣsḫ

A-s-x:a 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜣsḫ (infinitive)
ꜣsḫw (infinitive negative)
ꜣsḫ (infinitive negative)
ꜣsḫt (infinitive)
ꜣsḫ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣsḫ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣsḫ (stative)
ḥr ꜣsḫ (imperfective)
m ꜣsḫ (imperfective)
r ꜣsḫ (prospective)
ꜣsḫ.n (active perfect)
ꜣsḫw (passive perfect)
ꜣsḫ (passive perfect)
ꜣsḫ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜣsḫt (terminative)
ꜣsḫ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜣsḫ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜣsḫ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜣsḫ (active prospective)
ꜣsḫḫ (passive prospective)
ꜣsḫ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜣsḫ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜣsḫ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜣsḫ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜣsḫ (active participle perfective)
ꜣsḫ (participle passive perfective)
ꜣsḫw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣsḫy (participle passive perfective)
ꜣsḫ (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣsḫy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣsḫw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜣsḫ (active imperfective participle)
ꜣsḫj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣsḫy (active imperfective participle)
ꜣsḫ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣsḫw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣsḫ (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣsḫtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣsḫtj (participle prospective)
ꜣsḫt (participle prospective)

Alternative spelling of ꜣzḫ (“to reap, to harvest”)


ꜣsḫ

ꜣsḫ (singular)
ꜣsḫwj (dual)
ꜣsḫw (plural)


swAi

Manuel de Codage transliteration of swꜣj.


aHa

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ꜥḥꜥ.


mAat

Manuel de Codage transliteration of mꜣꜥt.


Hna

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ḥnꜥ.


xpr

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ḫpr.


gnẖ

g:n-X-N34 3-lit. (canonical)
gnẖ (infinitive)
gnẖw (infinitive negative)
gnẖ (infinitive negative)
gnẖt (infinitive)
gnẖ (imperative infinitive singular)
gnẖ (imperative infinitive plural)
gnẖ (stative)
ḥr gnẖ (imperfective)
m gnẖ (imperfective)
r gnẖ (prospective)
gnẖ.n (active perfect)
gnẖw (passive perfect)
gnẖ (passive perfect)
gnẖ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
gnẖt (terminative)
gnẖ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
gnẖ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
gnẖ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
gnẖ (active prospective)
gnẖẖ (passive prospective)
gnẖ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
gnẖ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
gnẖ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
gnẖ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
gnẖ (active participle perfective)
gnẖ (participle passive perfective)
gnẖw (participle passive perfective)
gnẖy (participle passive perfective)
gnẖ (active imperfective participle relative)
gnẖy (active imperfective participle relative)
gnẖw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
gnẖ (active imperfective participle)
gnẖj (active imperfective participle)
gnẖy (active imperfective participle)
gnẖ (imperfective participle passive)
gnẖw (imperfective participle passive)
gnẖ (active participle prospective relative)
gnẖtj (active participle prospective relative)
gnẖtj (participle prospective)
gnẖt (participle prospective)

m-s-s-nDm-m-Aa40-g:n-X-N34-r:f-m-nbw
[…] m ssnḏm gnẖ r.f m nbw
[…] of ssnḏm-wood plated with gold.

c. 1600 BCE, Westcar Papyrus, column 7, line 13

(transitive) to plate something with gold


bgs

bgs (singular)
bgswj (dual)
bgsw (plural)


ꜥmꜥt

Demotic: ꜥm

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲙⲓ (omi)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲙⲉ (ome), ⲟⲟⲙⲉ (oome), ⲁⲙⲉ (ame)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲁⲙⲉ (ame)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲁⲙⲉ (aame), ⲁⲙⲉ (ame)


ḏbt

ḏbt (singular)
ḏbtwj (dual)
ḏbtw (plural)

Demotic:  (tb)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃⲓ (tōbi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃⲉ (tōbe), ⲧⲱⲱⲃⲉ (tōōbe)

desctree

→ Arabic: طُوب (ṭūb)
Egyptian Arabic: طوب (ṭūb), طوبة (ṭūba)
Juba Arabic: tub
Moroccan Arabic: طوب (ṭūb), طوبة (ṭūba)
→ Amharic: ጡብ (ṭub), እጡብ (ʾəṭub)
→ Catalan: tova
→ French: toub
→ Portuguese: adobe
→ Spanish: adobe
→ Aragonese: adoba
→ Asturian: adobe
→ Basque: adobe
→ Dutch: adobe
→ English: adobe
→ Esperanto: adobo
→ French: adobe
→ Galician: adobe
→ Irish: adóib
→ Italian: adobe
→ Norwegian: adobe
→ Serbo-Croatian: adobe / адобе
→ Tagalog: adobe


ꜥẖm

ꜥẖm (singular)
ꜥẖmwj (dual)
ꜥẖmw (plural)

Demotic: ꜥẖm

Coptic: ⲁϧⲱⲙ (axōm)

(originally) cultic image of a perching falcon

body of a god (as opposed to the god’s ba)


mnty

mnty (singular)
mntywj (dual)
mntyw (plural)

Demotic: mnṱ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲙⲛⲟⲩϯ (emnouti)


bꜣt

b-bA-A-t:Hn (canonical feminine)
bꜣt (singular)
bꜣtj (dual)
bꜣwt (plural)

Demotic: b

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲃⲟⲩ (bou)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲱ (bō)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲃⲱ (bō)


wꜥtj

wa:a-t:y (canonical)
wꜥtj (masculine singular)
wꜥtt (feminine singular)
wꜥtjwj (dual masculine)
wꜥtwj (dual masculine)
wꜥttj (dual feminine)
wꜥtjw (masculine plural)
wꜥtw (masculine plural)
wꜥtwt (feminine plural)
wꜥtt (feminine plural)

wꜥ (“one, alone”) + -t (feminine ending) + -j (nisba ending).


jky

jky (singular)
jkywj (dual)
jkyw (plural)


jtrt

i-t:r:t (canonical feminine)
jtrt (singular)
jtrtj (dual)
jtrwt (plural)

Possibly related to jtrw (“river”), with a basic meaning of ‘line, row’.

(usually in the dual) row (of people, shrines, shrubs, etc.)


ꜥftj

a:f-t:y (canonical masculine)
ꜥftj (singular)
ꜥftjwj (dual)
ꜥftjw (plural)


ršrš

r:S-r:S-fnD 4-lit. (canonical)
ršrš (infinitive)
ršršw (infinitive negative)
ršrš (infinitive negative)
ršršt (infinitive)
ršrš (imperative infinitive singular)
ršrš (imperative infinitive plural)
ršrš (stative)
ḥr ršrš (imperfective)
m ršrš (imperfective)
r ršrš (prospective)
ršrš.n (active perfect)
ršrš.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ršršt (active terminative)
ršrš (active perfective)
ršrš.ḫr (active obligative)
ršrš (active imperfective)
ršršw (active prospective)
ršrš (active prospective)
ršrš.kꜣ (active potential)
ršrš (active subjunctive)
ršrš.n (active participle perfect)
ršrš (active participle perfective)
ršrš (participle passive perfective)
ršršw (participle passive perfective)
ršršy (participle passive perfective)
ršrš (active imperfective participle)
ršršy (active imperfective participle)
ršršw (active imperfective participle)
ršršj (active imperfective participle)
ršrš (imperfective participle passive)
ršršw (imperfective participle passive)
ršrš (active participle prospective)
ršrštj (active participle prospective)
ršršwtj (participle prospective)
ršrštj (participle prospective)
ršršt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ršršt

ršršw.tj1, ršrš.tj1, ršršw.tw2, ršrš.tw2

N9*t:Z2-nTr-Hr:Z1-r:S:zp*Z1s*Z1s-ii-w&y-Q2:ir-zA-Z1:H_SPACE-G5-mn:ib*Z1-mAa:a:P8H-zA-Z1:H_SPACE-st-t:H8-E9:a-w-iwa:H_SPACE-Q2:ir

18th Dynasty, Great Hymn to Osiris, Stela of Amenmose (Louvre C 286), line 17

The Ennead was rejoicing: Welcome, son of Osiris, Horus, firm of heart and true of voice, son of Isis and heir of Osiris!

psḏt ḥr ršrš jjwj zꜣ wsjr ḥr mn jb mꜣꜥ-ḫrw zꜣ ꜣst jwꜥw wsjr

(intransitive) to rejoice (+ m or n: to rejoice over; + r with following infinitive: to be happy to do)


ršrš

r:S-r:S-fnD (canonical masculine)
ršrš (singular)
ršršwj (dual)
ršršw (plural)


ẖkr

X:k:r-Aa30-Y1V 3-lit. (canonical)
ẖkr (infinitive)
ẖkrw (infinitive negative)
ẖkr (infinitive negative)
ẖkrt (infinitive)
ẖkr (imperative infinitive singular)
ẖkr (imperative infinitive plural)
ẖkr (stative)
ḥr ẖkr (imperfective)
m ẖkr (imperfective)
r ẖkr (prospective)
ẖkr.n (active perfect)
ẖkr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ẖkrt (active terminative)
ẖkr (active perfective)
ẖkr.ḫr (active obligative)
ẖkr (active imperfective)
ẖkr (active prospective)
ẖkr.kꜣ (active potential)
ẖkr (active subjunctive)
ẖkr.n (active participle perfect)
ẖkr (active participle perfective)
ẖkr (participle passive perfective)
ẖkrw (participle passive perfective)
ẖkry (participle passive perfective)
ẖkr (active imperfective participle)
ẖkry (active imperfective participle)
ẖkrw (active imperfective participle)
ẖkrj (active imperfective participle)
ẖkr (imperfective participle passive)
ẖkrw (imperfective participle passive)
ẖkr (active participle prospective)
ẖkrtj (active participle prospective)
ẖkrtj (participle prospective)
ẖkrt (participle prospective)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲱⲕ (xōk)

Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲱⲕ (xōk)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲱⲱⲕ (hōōk), ϩⲱⲕ (hōk)

(intransitive) to be(come) adorned or decorated


ẖkr

ẖkr (singular)
ẖkrwj (dual)
ẖkrw (plural)


ꜥrrwt

ꜥrrwt (singular)
ꜥrrwtj (dual)
ꜥrrwyt (plural)

a-aHa-a-i-n-Hm-Z1:n-nTr-Z1-p:n-m-xt:x:t-Htp:t:p-f:r-a:r:r-t:pr-t:n-
-V25-md-Y2:N33A:n-M22-M22-nTr-Z1:N33A-imi-w-N33A:z-
-wn:n-O31:a-N33A:n-A1-sbA-w-pr:N33A-T:n:N33A-
-z:n-S:O31-a:N33A-n:A1-a:r:r-w-i-i-t:pr:N33A-T:n:N33A
ꜥḥꜥ jn ḥm n(j) nṯr pn m ḫt ḥtp.f r ꜥrr(w)t tn
wḏ mdw n nn nṯrw jm(j)w.s
wn n.j sbꜣw.ṯn

c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 1

Halting by the majesty of this god (Ra) after he comes to rest at this gateway.
Commanding to these gods who are in it:
Open your doors to me!
Unstop your gates for me!


mskꜣ

mskꜣ (singular)
mskꜣwj (dual)
mskꜣw (plural)

Possibly from a Proto-Afroasiatic *masak-. Compare Proto-Semitic *mašk- and Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⴽⵙⵓⵎ (aksum).


rḏj ḥr wꜣt

rḏj (“to give, put, cause”) + ḥr (“on”) + wꜣt (“road”).


thj

t:h-rd-D54 3ae inf. (canonical)
tht (infinitive)
thj (infinitive)
thw (infinitive negative)
th (infinitive negative)
thwt (infinitive)
thyt (infinitive)
th (imperative infinitive singular)
th (imperative infinitive plural)
thy (imperative infinitive plural)
th (stative)
thh (stative)
ḥr tht (imperfective)
ḥr thj (imperfective)
m tht (imperfective)
m thj (imperfective)
r tht (prospective)
r thj (prospective)
th.n (active perfect)
thw (passive perfect)
th (passive perfect)
thy (passive perfect)
th.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
tht (terminative)
thyt (terminative)
th (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
th.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
th (active imperfective)
thy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
thw (active prospective)
th (active prospective)
thy (active prospective)
thw (passive prospective)
th (passive prospective)
thy (passive prospective)
th.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
th (active subjunctive)
thy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
th.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
thw (active participle perfective relative)
thy (active participle perfective relative)
th (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
th (active participle perfective)
thy (participle passive perfective)
th (participle passive perfective)
thh (active imperfective participle relative)
thhy (active imperfective participle relative)
thhw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
thh (active imperfective participle)
thhj (active imperfective participle)
thhy (active imperfective participle)
thh (imperfective participle passive)
thhw (imperfective participle passive)
thw (active participle prospective relative)
thy (active participle prospective relative)
th (active participle prospective relative)
thtj (active participle prospective relative)
thwtj (participle prospective)
thtj (participle prospective)
tht (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

tht, thyt

thw.tj1, th.tj1, thy.tj1, thw.tw2, th.tw2, thy.tw2

(intransitive) to transgress, to do wrong

(intransitive with r or transitive) to wrong, to abuse, to lay hands on, to violate (someone)

(transitive) to defeat (the enemy, evil ones, etc.)

(intransitive with r or transitive) to commit wrong against (a god), to sin

(intransitive with r or transitive) to damage, to harm (an object, building, or animal)

(intransitive with r or transitive) to mutilate (limbs, body parts, corpses)

(intransitive with r or transitive) to invade, to trespass into, to attack (a land or settlement)

(transitive) to transgress, to violate, to trespass over (a boundary)

(transitive) to falsify (weights and measures)

(intransitive) to stray from or defy one’s orders or what has been said, to be heedless or insubordinate

(intransitive with ḥr or transitive) to deviate from, to disobey, to stray from (a path, a plan, one’s orders, etc.)

(transitive) to fail to keep (one’s appointed time), to neglect, to miss (a set time)


ftft

f:t-f:t-D54 4-lit. (canonical)
ftft (infinitive)
ftftw (infinitive negative)
ftft (infinitive negative)
ftftt (infinitive)
ftft (imperative infinitive singular)
ftft (imperative infinitive plural)
ftft (stative)
ḥr ftft (imperfective)
m ftft (imperfective)
r ftft (prospective)
ftft.n (active perfect)
ftft.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ftftt (active terminative)
ftft (active perfective)
ftft.ḫr (active obligative)
ftft (active imperfective)
ftftw (active prospective)
ftft (active prospective)
ftft.kꜣ (active potential)
ftft (active subjunctive)
ftft.n (active participle perfect)
ftft (active participle perfective)
ftft (participle passive perfective)
ftftw (participle passive perfective)
ftfty (participle passive perfective)
ftft (active imperfective participle)
ftfty (active imperfective participle)
ftftw (active imperfective participle)
ftftj (active imperfective participle)
ftft (imperfective participle passive)
ftftw (imperfective participle passive)
ftft (active participle prospective)
ftfttj (active participle prospective)
ftftwtj (participle prospective)
ftfttj (participle prospective)
ftftt (participle prospective)

ftftt

ftftw.tj1, ftft.tj1, ftftw.tw2, ftft.tw2

(intransitive, of people or fish) to leap, to spring

(intransitive, of hearts) to beat strongly or quickly, to palpitate


ꜥḫm

a:x-m-Q7 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜥḫm (infinitive)
ꜥḫmw (infinitive negative)
ꜥḫm (infinitive negative)
ꜥḫmt (infinitive)
ꜥḫm (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥḫm (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥḫm (stative)
ḥr ꜥḫm (imperfective)
m ꜥḫm (imperfective)
r ꜥḫm (prospective)
ꜥḫm.n (active perfect)
ꜥḫmw (passive perfect)
ꜥḫm (passive perfect)
ꜥḫm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜥḫmt (terminative)
ꜥḫm (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜥḫm.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜥḫm (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜥḫm (active prospective)
ꜥḫmm (passive prospective)
ꜥḫm.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜥḫm (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜥḫm.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜥḫm (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜥḫm (active participle perfective)
ꜥḫm (participle passive perfective)
ꜥḫmw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥḫmy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥḫm (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥḫmy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥḫmw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜥḫm (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḫmj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḫmy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḫm (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥḫmw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥḫm (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥḫmtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥḫmtj (participle prospective)
ꜥḫmt (participle prospective)

Demotic: ꜥšm, ꜥḫm

desc

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱⳉⲙⲉ (ōxme), ⲁⳉⲙ⸗ (axm⸗)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲱϣⲉⲙ (ōšem), ⲟϣⲙ⸗ (ošm⸗)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲱϣⲉⲙ (ōšem), ⲱϣⲙ̄ (ōšm̄), ⲁϣⲉⲙ- (ašem-)

Old Coptic: ⲟϣⲙ⸗ (ošm⸗)

Coptic Dialect P: ⲁⳋⲙ⸗ (açm⸗)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲱϣⲙ̄ (ōšm̄), ⲟⲩⲱϣⲙ̄ (ouōšm̄), ⲉϣⲙ- (ešm-), ⲟϣⲙ⸗ (ošm⸗)

i-w-i-k\:n-W10:n-mw-a:x-m-Q7-mw-f-i-b-t-E8-!-i-w-mH:t-Y1-r-Z1-m-H6A-w-w-Hn-Z2ss-s-mn:n-Y1:f-ib-Z1
jw jkn n(j) mw ꜥḫm.f jbt jw mḥ{t}⟨w⟩ r(ꜣ) m šww smn.f jb

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.5–1.6

For a cup of water quenches thirst, for a mouthful of šww-herbs makes the heart firm.

(transitive) to quench, to extinguish (fire, thirst, wind, rebellion, etc.)

(intransitive, Late Egyptian, of water) to dry up