wbn

w-b-n:N8 3-lit. (canonical)
wbn (infinitive)
wbnw (infinitive negative)
wbn (infinitive negative)
wbnt (infinitive)
wbn (imperative infinitive singular)
wbn (imperative infinitive plural)
wbn (stative)
ḥr wbn (imperfective)
m wbn (imperfective)
r wbn (prospective)
wbn.n (active perfect)
wbn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
wbnt (active terminative)
wbn (active perfective)
wbn.ḫr (active obligative)
wbn (active imperfective)
wbn (active prospective)
wbn.kꜣ (active potential)
wbn (active subjunctive)
wbn.n (active participle perfect)
wbn (active participle perfective)
wbn (participle passive perfective)
wbnw (participle passive perfective)
wbny (participle passive perfective)
wbn (active imperfective participle)
wbny (active imperfective participle)
wbnw (active imperfective participle)
wbnj (active imperfective participle)
wbn (imperfective participle passive)
wbnw (imperfective participle passive)
wbn (active participle prospective)
wbntj (active participle prospective)
wbntj (participle prospective)
wbnt (participle prospective)

xa:Hr*g-n:t:t:f-mi-i-C1-w-b-n:ra:f-m-Axt:t-r:a:f-O43:p-ra:n-Hr:Z1-k:k-N3-!-s-HD-D&ra-n:f-Sw-w-ra:H_SPACE-m-S9-f:y-G32-n:f-tA:tA:N21*N21-mi-i-i-T:n:ra-m-tp*Z1:dwA-i-i-t:ra
ḫꜥ ḥr nst nt (j)t.f mj rꜥ wbn.f m ꜣḫt rdj.f šsp n ḥr(j) kkw sḥḏ.n.f šw m šwtj.fj bꜥḥ.n.f tꜣwj mj jṯn m tp-dwꜣyt

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 12–13

One shining forth on the throne of his father like Ra when he rises in the Akhet, he gave light to what was covered by darkness, having brightened the air with his two plumes, having flooded the Two Lands (Egypt) like the sun disk at the break of dawn.

(intransitive, of the sun or inundation) to rise


qrs

q:r-s-Q6 3-lit. (canonical)
qrs (infinitive)
qrsw (infinitive negative)
qrs (infinitive negative)
qrst (infinitive)
qrs (imperative infinitive singular)
qrs (imperative infinitive plural)
qrs (stative)
ḥr qrs (imperfective)
m qrs (imperfective)
r qrs (prospective)
qrs.n (active perfect)
qrsw (passive perfect)
qrs (passive perfect)
qrs.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
qrst (terminative)
qrs (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
qrs.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
qrs (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
qrs (active prospective)
qrss (passive prospective)
qrs.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
qrs (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
qrs.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
qrs (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
qrs (active participle perfective)
qrs (participle passive perfective)
qrsw (participle passive perfective)
qrsy (participle passive perfective)
qrs (active imperfective participle relative)
qrsy (active imperfective participle relative)
qrsw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
qrs (active imperfective participle)
qrsj (active imperfective participle)
qrsy (active imperfective participle)
qrs (imperfective participle passive)
qrsw (imperfective participle passive)
qrs (active participle prospective relative)
qrstj (active participle prospective relative)
qrstj (participle prospective)
qrst (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

qrst

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.

Demotic: qs

Bohairic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲥ (kōs)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲱⲥⲓ (kōōsi)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲱⲥ (kōōs), ⲕⲱⲛⲥ (kōns), ⲕⲱⲱⲥⲉ (kōōse)

i-w-q:r-s-Y2*†:n-A1-i-A-A19-H-b-s-
-S28:n-A1-H-M16-A-i-i-S28 († The hieroglyph Y2 [sic] is inverted.)
jw qrs.n.j jꜣ(w) ḥbs.n.j hꜣy

c. 1930 BCE, Stela of Intef (British Museum, Egyptian Antiquities 562)

I buried the old and I clothed the naked.


jnb

i-in:n-b-inb (canonical masculine)
jnb (singular)
jnbwj (dual)
jnbw (plural)


jnb

i-in:n-b-inb-D40 3-lit. (canonical)
jnb (infinitive)
jnbw (infinitive negative)
jnb (infinitive negative)
jnbt (infinitive)
jnb (imperative infinitive singular)
jnb (imperative infinitive plural)
jnb (stative)
ḥr jnb (imperfective)
m jnb (imperfective)
r jnb (prospective)
jnb.n (active perfect)
jnbw (passive perfect)
jnb (passive perfect)
jnb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jnbt (terminative)
jnb (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jnb.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jnb (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jnb (active prospective)
jnbb (passive prospective)
jnb.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jnb (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jnb.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jnb (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jnb (active participle perfective)
jnb (participle passive perfective)
jnbw (participle passive perfective)
jnby (participle passive perfective)
jnb (active imperfective participle relative)
jnby (active imperfective participle relative)
jnbw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jnb (active imperfective participle)
jnbj (active imperfective participle)
jnby (active imperfective participle)
jnb (imperfective participle passive)
jnbw (imperfective participle passive)
jnb (active participle prospective relative)
jnbtj (active participle prospective relative)
jnbtj (participle prospective)
jnbt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to separate with walls, to enclose with walls, to wall in


sꜥḥ

s-a-H-S20 3-lit. (canonical)
sꜥḥ (infinitive)
sꜥḥw (infinitive negative)
sꜥḥ (infinitive negative)
sꜥḥt (infinitive)
sꜥḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
sꜥḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
sꜥḥ (stative)
ḥr sꜥḥ (imperfective)
m sꜥḥ (imperfective)
r sꜥḥ (prospective)
sꜥḥ.n (active perfect)
sꜥḥw (passive perfect)
sꜥḥ (passive perfect)
sꜥḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sꜥḥt (terminative)
sꜥḥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sꜥḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sꜥḥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sꜥḥ (active prospective)
sꜥḥḥ (passive prospective)
sꜥḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sꜥḥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sꜥḥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sꜥḥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sꜥḥ (active participle perfective)
sꜥḥ (participle passive perfective)
sꜥḥw (participle passive perfective)
sꜥḥy (participle passive perfective)
sꜥḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
sꜥḥy (active imperfective participle relative)
sꜥḥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sꜥḥ (active imperfective participle)
sꜥḥj (active imperfective participle)
sꜥḥy (active imperfective participle)
sꜥḥ (imperfective participle passive)
sꜥḥw (imperfective participle passive)
sꜥḥ (active participle prospective relative)
sꜥḥtj (active participle prospective relative)
sꜥḥtj (participle prospective)
sꜥḥt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to wrap (the image of a god) in bandages

(intransitive, usually as part of a causative after rḏj) to be(come) distinguished or noble


sꜥḥ

sꜥḥ (singular)
sꜥḥwj (dual)
sꜥḥw (plural)


sꜥḥ

E31-Ax-x:H_SPACE-xnt-E31:Z2-wAH-O44-t:Z1-z:mn:n-HqA-t:Z1-sxm-H_SPACE:Z1-nfr-n:N9:t-H_SPACE:Z2ss-nTr-!-M1-Y1:Hr*Z1-U7:r:r-U3:n:f-r:a:snD-f:m-tA:tA:tA:nb-n:U7:r:*t-d:m-T30:A2-z:n:r:n:f-r:HAt:t*Z1
sꜥḥ ꜣḫ ḫnt sꜥḥw wꜣḥ jꜣwt smn ḥqꜣt sḫm nfr n(j) psḏt jmꜣ ḥr mrr mꜣ n.f rdj snḏ.f m tꜣw nb(w) n mr(w)t dm.sn rn.f r ḥꜣt […]

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 7–8

Effective dignitary, foremost of dignitaries, enduring of office, established of reign, the fair power of the Ennead, gracious of face, the sight of whom is beloved, the awe of whom is set in all lands in order that they pronounce his name first, […]

dignitary, privileged or distinguished person


ꜥq

aq-q:D54 2-lit. (canonical)
ꜥq (infinitive)
ꜥqw (infinitive negative)
ꜥq (infinitive negative)
ꜥqt (infinitive)
ꜥq (imperative infinitive singular)
j.ꜥq (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥq (imperative infinitive plural)
j.ꜥq (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥq (stative)
ḥr ꜥq (imperfective)
m ꜥq (imperfective)
r ꜥq (prospective)
ꜥq.n (active perfect)
ꜥq.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ꜥqt (active terminative)
ꜥq (active perfective)
ꜥq.ḫr (active obligative)
ꜥq (active imperfective)
j.ꜥq (active imperfective)
ꜥq (active prospective)
ꜥq.kꜣ (active potential)
ꜥq (active subjunctive)
j.ꜥq (active subjunctive)
ꜥq.n (active participle perfect)
ꜥq (active participle perfective)
ꜥqq (participle passive perfective)
ꜥqqj (participle passive perfective)
ꜥq (participle passive perfective)
ꜥqw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥqy (participle passive perfective)
j.ꜥq (active imperfective participle)
ꜥq (active imperfective participle)
ꜥqy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥqw (active imperfective participle)
j.ꜥqw (active imperfective participle)
ꜥqj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥq (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥqw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥq (active participle prospective)
ꜥqtj (active participle prospective)
ꜥqtj (participle prospective)
ꜥqt (participle prospective)

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE

aHa-a:n-aq-q-D54-k\-w-A1-Hr-Z1-I3-I3-G7-!-m:a-O35-n:A1-n:f-ini-N33C:Z2ss-p:n-ini-n:n-A1-m-Xn-n:nw-W-pr:n-N18:N23*Z1-p:n
ꜥḥꜥ.n(.j) ꜥq.kw ḥr jtj mz.n.j n.f jnw pn jn.n.j m ẖnw n(j) jw pn

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 174–175

Then I entered before the sovereign and presented him with those gifts (literally, “this getting”) that I had gotten within that island.

(intransitive) to enter (+ m: into; + r: to (a person); + ḥr: before or through; + n: to)


ḥꜣt

ḥꜣt (singular)
ḥꜣtj (dual)
ḥꜣwt (plural)

Coptic: ϩⲏ (hē)

(usually of animals) front part of the body, forepart

beginning, point of time when something starts

place where a locality begins; outer limits

(of people) first (among some group), chief, foremost, most distinguished one


ḥꜣt

HA-A-t:ra (canonical feminine)
ḥꜣt (singular)
ḥꜣtj (dual)
ḥꜣwt (plural)

a small unit of time, smaller than a ꜣt but larger than a ꜥnt; approximately a second


ḫt

x*t:Y1 fm (canonical)
jḫt (singular)
jḫtj (dual)
jḫwt (plural)
jḫt (singular)
jḫtwj (dual)
jḫtw (plural)

(feminine) thing, goods, possession, property


ḫt

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲉ (xe)

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še), ϣⲏ (šē)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)

Old Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še), ϣⲏ (šē), ϣⲓ (ši)

xt:t*Z1-Z2:Hr*Z1-gm-m-gm-m-Z10-tA:N23*Z1-Hr-Z1-mn:n-mn:n-D54

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 59–60

Trees were breaking, the ground was quaking.

a rod, a measure of length equivalent to 100 mḥw, or 52.5 metres. In full ḫt n nwḥ.


ḫt

(only in set phrases; see derived terms below) rear; what is behind or after

only in set phrases; see derived terms below; only in set phrases; see derived terms below

jmj ḫt

being behind or after; attendant, aftercomer


ḫt

Sd:d-t:a-A1-U29-A-Z9:xt-s-xpr-r:n-A1-x-t-Q7-ir:n-A1-O35:nDs-n:Z9*t-Q7-n-nTr-Z1:Z2ss

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 54–56

I took a fire-stick, I made a fire, and I made a burnt offering to the gods.

šdt.j ḏꜣ sḫpr.n.j ḫt jr.n.j zj n sḏt n nṯrw


ḏꜥ

Akhmimic Coptic: ϫⲟ (čo)

z:r-E20-A2-s-n:Z2-D:a-P5-D35-ii-i-t:D54-n:S-n:y-E20-A24-D35:xpr-r&t:f

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 30–32

They could predict a stormwind before it came or a thunderstorm before it happened.

(Late Egyptian) altercation; fierce exchange of words


ḏꜥ

D:a-P5 2-lit. (canonical)
ḏꜥ (infinitive)
ḏꜥw (infinitive negative)
ḏꜥ (infinitive negative)
ḏꜥt (infinitive)
ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ḏꜥ (stative)
ḥr ḏꜥ (imperfective)
m ḏꜥ (imperfective)
r ḏꜥ (prospective)
ḏꜥ.n (active perfect)
ḏꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḏꜥt (active terminative)
ḏꜥ (active perfective)
ḏꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
ḏꜥ (active imperfective)
j.ḏꜥ (active imperfective)
ḏꜥ (active prospective)
ḏꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
ḏꜥ (active subjunctive)
j.ḏꜥ (active subjunctive)
ḏꜥ.n (active participle perfect)
ḏꜥ (active participle perfective)
ḏꜥꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥꜥj (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥw (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥy (participle passive perfective)
j.ḏꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥy (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥw (active imperfective participle)
j.ḏꜥw (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥj (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
ḏꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
ḏꜥ (active participle prospective)
ḏꜥtj (active participle prospective)
ḏꜥtj (participle prospective)
ḏꜥt (participle prospective)

(intransitive, medicine, of a person) to fart

(intransitive, of the sky) to be(come) stormy


ḏꜥ

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


ḏꜥ

D:a-T14-D54 2-lit. (canonical)
ḏꜥ (infinitive)
ḏꜥw (infinitive negative)
ḏꜥ (infinitive negative)
ḏꜥt (infinitive)
ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ḏꜥ (stative)
ḥr ḏꜥ (imperfective)
m ḏꜥ (imperfective)
r ḏꜥ (prospective)
ḏꜥ.n (active perfect)
ḏꜥw (passive perfect)
ḏꜥ (passive perfect)
ḏꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḏꜥt (terminative)
ḏꜥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḏꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḏꜥ (active imperfective)
j.ḏꜥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḏꜥ (active prospective)
ḏꜥꜥ (passive prospective)
ḏꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḏꜥ (active subjunctive)
j.ḏꜥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḏꜥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḏꜥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḏꜥ (active participle perfective)
ḏꜥꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥꜥj (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥw (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥy (participle passive perfective)
j.ḏꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏꜥy (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏꜥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.ḏꜥ (active imperfective participle)
j.ḏꜥw (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥj (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥy (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
ḏꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
ḏꜥ (active participle prospective relative)
ḏꜥtj (active participle prospective relative)
ḏꜥtj (participle prospective)
ḏꜥt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to spearfish, to catch by spearfishing


ḏꜥ

Coptic: ϫⲁⲓⲉ (čaie, “desert”)

(hapax) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

i-w-s-D:a-T14-N31:G37-m-h-A-w-Y1:Z2-tp*p:a*Z1-A52-Z1:Z1*Z1
jw.s ḏꜥ.tj m hꜣw tp(j)w-ꜥ

19th Dynasty, Merneptah’s Libyan war inscription at Karnak

It was laid waste in the time of the ancestors

(intransitive) to be laid waste, to be(come) desolate


bkꜣ

bkꜣ (singular)
bkꜣwj (dual)
bkꜣw (plural)


bkꜣ

b-kA-B2 3-lit. (canonical)
bkꜣ (infinitive)
bkꜣw (infinitive negative)
bkꜣ (infinitive negative)
bkꜣt (infinitive)
bkꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
bkꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
bkꜣ (stative)
ḥr bkꜣ (imperfective)
m bkꜣ (imperfective)
r bkꜣ (prospective)
bkꜣ.n (active perfect)
bkꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
bkꜣt (active terminative)
bkꜣ (active perfective)
bkꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
bkꜣ (active imperfective)
bkꜣ (active prospective)
bkꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
bkꜣ (active subjunctive)
bkꜣ.n (active participle perfect)
bkꜣ (active participle perfective)
bkꜣ (participle passive perfective)
bkꜣw (participle passive perfective)
bkꜣy (participle passive perfective)
bkꜣ (active imperfective participle)
bkꜣy (active imperfective participle)
bkꜣw (active imperfective participle)
bkꜣj (active imperfective participle)
bkꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
bkꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
bkꜣ (active participle prospective)
bkꜣtj (active participle prospective)
bkꜣtj (participle prospective)
bkꜣt (participle prospective)


jm

Demotic: n.jm, n.jm⸗, n.ꜣm⸗, jm⸗, ꜣm⸗

⇒ Demotic: n.jm⸗w

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲟ (mo), ⲙ̄ⲙⲟ (m̄mo)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲁⲩ (mau), ⲙ̀ⲙⲁⲩ (m̀mau)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲉⲩ (meu), ⲙⲉⲟⲩ (meou), ⲙ̄ⲙⲉⲩ (m̄meu)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲙⲉⲩ (meu), ⲙⲉⲟⲩ (meou), ⲙ̄ⲙⲉⲩ (m̄meu)

Old Coptic: ⲙⲁⲟⲩ (maou), ⲙⲉⲟⲩ (meou), ⲛⲙⲁⲟⲩ (nmaou), ⲛⲙⲉⲟⲩ (nmeou)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲁⲩ (mau), ⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ (m̄mau)

(in reference to a period of time) during it, on it

(with certain verbs of motion) thereto, into it, thither

therefrom, thence, from within it, out of it, out

(in reference to a quantity) thereof, out of it, of them


jm

form of m (“in”) used when the object is a suffix pronoun


jm

Abbreviation of jmj (“being (in), inherent (in)”).


jm

i-im-m-A2 2-lit. (canonical)
jm (infinitive)
jmw (infinitive negative)
jm (infinitive negative)
jmt (infinitive)
jm (imperative infinitive singular)
j.jm (imperative infinitive singular)
jm (imperative infinitive plural)
j.jm (imperative infinitive plural)
jm (stative)
ḥr jm (imperfective)
m jm (imperfective)
r jm (prospective)
jm.n (active perfect)
jm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
jmt (active terminative)
jm (active perfective)
jm.ḫr (active obligative)
jm (active imperfective)
j.jm (active imperfective)
jm (active prospective)
jm.kꜣ (active potential)
jm (active subjunctive)
j.jm (active subjunctive)
jm.n (active participle perfect)
jm (active participle perfective)
jmm (participle passive perfective)
jmmj (participle passive perfective)
jm (participle passive perfective)
jmw (participle passive perfective)
jmy (participle passive perfective)
j.jm (active imperfective participle)
jm (active imperfective participle)
jmy (active imperfective participle)
jmw (active imperfective participle)
j.jmw (active imperfective participle)
jmj (active imperfective participle)
jm (imperfective participle passive)
jmw (imperfective participle passive)
jm (active participle prospective)
jmtj (active participle prospective)
jmtj (participle prospective)
jmt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to moan, to groan, to wail, to lament (+ ḥr or m: over)


jm

i-m-im (canonical masculine)
jm (singular)
jmwj (dual)
jmw (plural)

side, side of ribs (as a body part or as food)


jm

a material of which twt-images can consist, which can also be used for ‘filling’ walls; the meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

a kind of plaster or similarly plastic material, possibly gesso

abraded material (crumbs, fragments) from statuettes of protective deities and other sacred images


ḫꜥw

(uncountable) rising of a celestial body; sunrise, moonrise, starrise

appearance of the image of a god during a festival or procession

(uncountable) appearance in glory
accession of a king to the throne


ḫꜥw

ḫꜥw (singular)
ḫꜥwwj (dual)
ḫꜥww (plural)


ḫꜥw

From the plural of ḫꜥ (“a kind of hoe”).

(plural only) equipment, tools, implements

equipment, tools, implements
farm implements

equipment, tools, implements
cutlery, serving utensils

equipment, tools, implements
tackle of a ship

equipment, tools, implements
musical instruments


hꜣj

h-A-D54 3ae inf. (canonical)
hꜣt (infinitive)
hꜣj (infinitive)
hꜣw (infinitive negative)
hꜣ (infinitive negative)
hꜣwt (infinitive)
hꜣyt (infinitive)
hꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
hꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
hꜣy (imperative infinitive plural)
hꜣ (stative)
hꜣꜣ (stative)
ḥr hꜣt (imperfective)
ḥr hꜣj (imperfective)
m hꜣt (imperfective)
m hꜣj (imperfective)
r hꜣt (prospective)
r hꜣj (prospective)
hꜣ.n (active perfect)
hꜣw (passive perfect)
hꜣ (passive perfect)
hꜣy (passive perfect)
hꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
hꜣt (terminative)
hꜣyt (terminative)
hꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
hꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
hꜣ (active imperfective)
hꜣy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
hꜣw (active prospective)
hꜣ (active prospective)
hꜣy (active prospective)
hꜣw (passive prospective)
hꜣ (passive prospective)
hꜣy (passive prospective)
hꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
hꜣ (active subjunctive)
hꜣy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
hꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
hꜣw (active participle perfective relative)
hꜣy (active participle perfective relative)
hꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
hꜣ (active participle perfective)
hꜣy (participle passive perfective)
hꜣ (participle passive perfective)
hꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
hꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
hꜣꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
hꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle)
hꜣꜣj (active imperfective participle)
hꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle)
hꜣꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
hꜣꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
hꜣw (active participle prospective relative)
hꜣy (active participle prospective relative)
hꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
hꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
hꜣwtj (participle prospective)
hꜣtj (participle prospective)
hꜣt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

hꜣt, hꜣyt

hꜣw.tj1, hꜣ.tj1, hꜣy.tj1, hꜣw.tw2, hꜣ.tw2, hꜣy.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">-y</i> instead of the expected stative ending.

Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲉⲓ (hei)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲉ (he)

Sometimes proposed to be from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *hVy/*hVw- (“to fall, to happen”), in which case it may be cognate with Arabic هوى (hawā, “to come down, to fall”) and Iraqw huu’ (“fall, drop”).

cog

h-A-D54:k\-w-A1-r-M14-wr-r:N36-m-d:p*t-P1-n:t-mH:a-V1-V20:V20-m-Aw-W-s-!-mH:a-V20:V20-V20:V20-m-s-x-w-D32-s-s-qd-d-A30-A1-V1-V20:V20-i-m-s-m-stp:Y2-n:km-m-t:niwt
hꜣ.kw r wꜣḏ-wr m dpt nt št-mḏwtj mḥ m ꜣw.s ḥmw mḥ m sḫw.s št-mḏwtj sqd jm.s m stp n(j) kmt

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 24–28

I had gone down to the sea in a boat of a hundred twenty cubits in length and forty cubits in breadth, with a hundred twenty sailors in it of the choice of Egypt.

m-a:t-W-A1-m-h-A-t:D54-r-km:t*niwt-r-ini-n:t-aq-W:H_SPACE-X4:Z2-i-m-n-Xrd-W-A1:B1-Z2ss:A1

c. 1800 BCE, The Eloquent Peasant, version R (pRamesseum A/pBerlin 10499, Recto) lines 1.2–1.3

Translation by J. P. Allen
Look, I am going down to Egypt to get provisions there for my children.

m.t wj m hꜣt r kmt r jnt ꜥqw jm n ẖrdw.j

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 129–130

ꜥḥꜥ.n sbꜣ hꜣ

(intransitive) to come, to walk (+ n or r: to (someone))

D35:n-t*W:t-A53-Y1:n:f-U2:ir-A-A-t:f-h-A-D54:f-r-Z1-T9:t*Z1-T14-A1:Z2ss-!-X:a-m-D54:f-r-Z1-DA-A-w-A24-Z2ss
nn twt n.f mꜣꜣ.t(w).f hꜣ.f r-pḏt(j)w ẖꜥm.f r-ḏꜣw

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 52–53

Translation by J. P. Allen
There is none equal to him when he is seen charging archers and engaging opposition.

(transitive) to charge upon, to fall upon (an enemy)


jb

Demotic: jb

Speculatively, from Proto-Afroasiatic *lib- (“heart”); as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking. If so, perhaps cognate with Proto-Semitic *libb- and Proto-Berber *ulβ.

heart (blood-pumping organ of a person or animal)

s-mn:n-U32-Y1-U5:a-t-Sw-Y1:Z2-m-ib-Z1-ib-Z1-ib-Z1-r:T-A1*B1:Z2
smn mꜣꜥt m jbw rmṯ […]

c. 1292-1189 BCE, (19th Dynasty), The Hymn to the Nile flood (Papyrus Chester Beatty V)

mind; seat of thoughts, emotions, character, personality, etc.

i-a:N35B-a:t*W-i-im:m-a-mw-Hr-Z1-Dba-Z2:k\-i-x-Y2-w-S-b-A2-k\-w-Sd-d:t-A2-k\-
-md-d-w-A2-k\:n-sw-t:n-G7-ib*Z1:k\-m-a:k\-w-S-b-A2-k\-D35:n-n-i-t-i-t-A2
jꜥ tw jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k jḫ wšb.k wšd.t(w).k mdw.k n nswt jb.k m-ꜥ.k wšb.k nn njtjt

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 13–17

Wash yourself, put water on your fingers,
so you might answer when you are addressed, speak to the king with your mind in your possession, and answer without stammering.

ib-Z1-tm-m-W-nDs:D35-s-xA-A-A2-n:f-S30-ra

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Ptahhotep (pPrisse/pBN 186–194) line 5.1

The mind is done with, not being able to remember yesterday.

c. 1876 BCE, after year 2 of Amenemhat II, Stele of Wepwawetaa (Leiden V4/AP 63), line 6

It was my mind that advanced my position.

s-HASH-m-ib*Z1:p-w-D:a:r:f-zH:Z1*pr-x:p-p:t-w-Z2ss:H_SPACE-mi-i-n:t*y:ib*Z1-x*t:f:z-
-gm:Tz-z:W*A2-ti-sw-w-m-gm:D3-nb:s*Aa18-r:t*A2-mH:Y1:ib*Z1-i-ti-i-i-A23
s[ḏ]m jb pw ḏꜥr.f zḥ ḫppwt mj ntj jb ḫft.s gm ṯz tj sw m gm-wš nb sꜣrt mḥ-jb jty

c. 1391–1353 BCE, reign of Amenhotep III, Statue E of Amenhotep son of Hapu (Cairo CG 583 + 835), line 7

He is one who listens to the mind when he investigates the counsel of strange things no less than that with which the mind accords, one who finds the expression when it is found blank, a possessor of wisdom, the confidant of the sovereign, […]

intellect, understanding, mind, capacity for thought

i-r-s-wr-r-i-A2-k\-H-n:a-t:x-w-W22-A1-O43-p-a:k\-i-w-ib-Z1-f-Htp:t-p-w-Y1

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.8–1.9

If you drink with a drunkard, you should partake when his heart is satisfied.

x-r-r-M6-nDs:n-Hr-Z1-r-d:f-A-G42-Y1-ib-Z1-
-i-mA-A-m-iAm-Y1:n-f-k\-A-h-s-E21-A24-r-mwt-t*B1:f
ḫr (tw)r n(j) ḥr r dfꜣ jb jmꜣ n.f kꜣhs r mwt.f

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.11–1.12

One who is averted of face against feeding the heart (i.e. one who doesn’t indulge himself), the harsh man has to be more kindly to him than his (own) mother.

appetite; will or desire for gratification

wn:n-i-n-Hm-Z1-G7-f-ib-Z1-f-N31:r-Dw-W:t-nDs:Z2-Hr:r-s-
-D:d-i-n-Dd-Dd-i-Y1:A1-p:t*y-tr-A2-i-r:f-G41-A-ib-Z1-i-A2-ti-i-i-G7-anx-DA-s-nb-G7-A1
wn.jn ḥm.f jb.f wꜣ(.w) r ḏwt ḥr.s dḏ.jn ḏdj ptj jr.f pꜣ jb j (j)ty ꜥnḫ wḏꜣ snb nb.j

c. 1650 BCE – 1550 BCE, Tales from Papyrus Westcar (pWestcar/pBerlin 3033) lines 9.12–9.13

Then, (as for) His Majesty, his mood fell into a bad state over this. Then Djedi said, Now what is this mood, O sovereign (life, prosperity, health!), my lord?

gm-m-n:f-r:d-rwD-Y1-Dd-d:t*B1-N41:z-A7-ti-i-
-tp-Z1-s-Hr-Z1-U1-A-st-t-rd-s-ib-Z1-s-Dw-Z9:nDs-r-x:t-Y1:Z2-nb:t-
-aHa-a:n-D&d:n-f-n:z-H-nw:t-B1:A1-ir:r-t-G41-A-ib-Z1-Hr-Z1-m:a
gm.n.f rwd-ḏdt ḥms.tj tp.s ḥr mꜣst.s jb.s ḏw(.w) r ḫt nbt ꜥḥꜥ.n ḏd.n.f n.s ḥnwt.j jrr.t pꜣ jb ḥr mj

c. 1650 BCE – 1550 BCE, Tales from Papyrus Westcar (pWestcar/pBerlin 3033) lines 12.20–12.22

He found Ruddjedet sitting, her head on her knees and her mood worse than anything. Then he said to her, My lady, why are you engaging in this mood?


jb

ib:Z1 2-lit. (canonical)
jb (infinitive)
jbw (infinitive negative)
jb (infinitive negative)
jbt (infinitive)
jb (imperative infinitive singular)
j.jb (imperative infinitive singular)
jb (imperative infinitive plural)
j.jb (imperative infinitive plural)
jb (stative)
ḥr jb (imperfective)
m jb (imperfective)
r jb (prospective)
jb.n (active perfect)
jbw (passive perfect)
jb (passive perfect)
jb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jbt (terminative)
jb (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jb.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jb (active imperfective)
j.jb (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jb (active prospective)
jbb (passive prospective)
jb.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jb (active subjunctive)
j.jb (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jb.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jb (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jb (active participle perfective)
jbb (participle passive perfective)
jbbj (participle passive perfective)
jb (participle passive perfective)
jbw (participle passive perfective)
jby (participle passive perfective)
j.jb (active imperfective participle relative)
jb (active imperfective participle relative)
jby (active imperfective participle relative)
jbw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.jb (active imperfective participle)
j.jbw (active imperfective participle)
jb (active imperfective participle)
jbj (active imperfective participle)
jby (active imperfective participle)
jb (imperfective participle passive)
jbw (imperfective participle passive)
jb (active participle prospective relative)
jbtj (active participle prospective relative)
jbtj (participle prospective)
jbt (participle prospective)

ib-Z1-A1-r-n:N42-m-A24-km-m-t:niwt-H-t:D40-T14-m-W-A14:Z2ss
jb.j r nḥm kmt ḥ(w)t ꜥꜣmw

c. 1552 BCE, Kamose, Carnarvon Tablet I (Cairo JE 41790)

I intend to save Egypt and smite the Asiatics.

(intransitive, with r) to wish to, to intend to (do something)

(intransitive, with r) to wish for, to want, to desire (something)


jb

i-b-E8-A2 2-lit. (canonical)
jb (infinitive)
jbw (infinitive negative)
jb (infinitive negative)
jbt (infinitive)
jb (imperative infinitive singular)
j.jb (imperative infinitive singular)
jb (imperative infinitive plural)
j.jb (imperative infinitive plural)
jb (stative)
ḥr jb (imperfective)
m jb (imperfective)
r jb (prospective)
jb.n (active perfect)
jbw (passive perfect)
jb (passive perfect)
jb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jbt (terminative)
jb (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jb.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jb (active imperfective)
j.jb (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jb (active prospective)
jbb (passive prospective)
jb.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jb (active subjunctive)
j.jb (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jb.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jb (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jb (active participle perfective)
jbb (participle passive perfective)
jbbj (participle passive perfective)
jb (participle passive perfective)
jbw (participle passive perfective)
jby (participle passive perfective)
j.jb (active imperfective participle relative)
jb (active imperfective participle relative)
jby (active imperfective participle relative)
jbw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.jb (active imperfective participle)
j.jbw (active imperfective participle)
jb (active imperfective participle)
jbj (active imperfective participle)
jby (active imperfective participle)
jb (imperfective participle passive)
jbw (imperfective participle passive)
jb (active participle prospective relative)
jbtj (active participle prospective relative)
jbtj (participle prospective)
jbt (participle prospective)

i-b-E8-k\-w-A1-wA-A-w-mw-p*W:n-M14-wr-r:N36
jb.kw wꜣw pw n(j) wꜣḏ-wr

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 57–59


jb

Demotic: yb


jb

Demotic: jb

perfective active participle of jbj (“to be(come) thirsty”).


mr

U23-m-r:nDs 2-lit. (canonical)
mr (infinitive)
mrw (infinitive negative)
mr (infinitive negative)
mrt (infinitive)
mr (imperative infinitive singular)
j.mr (imperative infinitive singular)
mr (imperative infinitive plural)
j.mr (imperative infinitive plural)
mr (stative)
ḥr mr (imperfective)
m mr (imperfective)
r mr (prospective)
mr.n (active perfect)
mr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
mrt (active terminative)
mr (active perfective)
mr.ḫr (active obligative)
mr (active imperfective)
j.mr (active imperfective)
mr (active prospective)
mr.kꜣ (active potential)
mr (active subjunctive)
j.mr (active subjunctive)
mr.n (active participle perfect)
mr (active participle perfective)
mrr (participle passive perfective)
mrrj (participle passive perfective)
mr (participle passive perfective)
mrw (participle passive perfective)
mry (participle passive perfective)
j.mr (active imperfective participle)
mr (active imperfective participle)
mry (active imperfective participle)
mrw (active imperfective participle)
j.mrw (active imperfective participle)
mrj (active imperfective participle)
mr (imperfective participle passive)
mrw (imperfective participle passive)
mr (active participle prospective)
mrtj (active participle prospective)
mrtj (participle prospective)
mrt (participle prospective)

Demotic: mr

>? Old Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲣ (mour), possibly, as proposed by Osing based on a reading in papyrus BM 10808. However, this occurrence of ⲙⲟⲩⲣ (mour) has alternatively been read as common Sahidic Coptic ⲙⲟⲩⲣ (mour, “to bind”).

Perhaps from Proto-Afroasiatic. Possible Berber cognates include the forms represented by Kabyle u-mr-an (“sorrows”), a-mur (“colic, stomachache”), and a-mrir (“embarrassment, great difficulty”). Possible Cushitic cognates include Oromo marar (“to be sick”), Baiso marni (“to be sad”), and Sidamo marar-s (“to be sick”). A proposed Omotic cognate is Yemsa mer-o (“illness”). Also compare the root Arabic م ر ض (m-r-ḍ, “related to ailment”).

cog

(intransitive, of people and body parts) to be(come) physically ill or in pain, to be(come) sick or diseased, to ail, to ache (+ m or m-dj: with (an ailment) or in (a body part))

(intransitive, of the heart/mind) to feel pity or compassion (+ n: for (someone), to hurt for, to be sorry for)

(intransitive) to be(come) physically painful, to sting, to cause physical pain (+ n or r: to)

r:S-fnD-A2-w-y-s-D:d-A2-d:p*t-ns-A2-n:f-z:n-X5-D54-x:t-Y2:Z2-Ab-m:r-nDs

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) line 124

How joyful is he who recounts what he has experienced when a painful thing passes!

(intransitive, of events, words, emotions, etc.) to be(come) mentally painful, sad, distressing, unpleasant, to cause mental pain (+ r or m bꜣḥ or ḥr jb or ḥr jb n: to)

having painful fire (literally, “painful of fire”)

(intransitive, of striking power, rage, etc.) to be(come) fierce, capable of inflicting pain


mr

Demotic: mꜣ, m

⇒? Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲏⲓⲣⲓ (amēiri)

⇒? Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲙⲏⲣⲉ (emēre)

Possibly from a Proto-Afroasiatic *m-r (“river, channel”). Compare South Omotic *mir- (“river”), with reflexes including Aari mɨri (“river, stream”) and Dime mɪ́rɛ (“river”). A possible Semitic cognate is Sabaean 𐩣𐩧 (mr, “part of an irrigation system”). Possible Cushitic cognates include Borana Oromo mērī (“watering trough”), Tsamai mīre (“pond”), and possible Chadic cognates include Fali mirə̂ (“river”), Muskum mìrà (“oxbow lake, marigot”).

cog

M18-n-<-wn:n-i-s->-r-mr-r:S-Z2:f-Z11-w-i-d:b-N20:A-g-b-mw-m-mH:t-mw-wr:r:t-
-r-st-t:pr-Htp:t*p-w:Y1-wA-D-wAD-t-s-x:t-sxt-Z3A-Z11-t-Ax-x*t:N18

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume III, Providence: Brown University, PT 317.4–5 (Pyr. 508a–508b), W

jj.n wnjs r mrw.f jm(j)w jdb ꜣgb(w) mḥt wrt
r st ḥtpw wꜣḏt sḫwt jmt ꜣḫt

pond or pool, especially an artificial one


mr

Demotic: mr

Highly disputed etymology. Hypotheses include:
* From Proto-Afroasiatic, cognate with Arabic أَمَرَة (ʔamara, “heap of stones, mound, esp. as a way-marker”), Akkadian 𒀯 (amartu, “dividing wall”), 𒋞 (amaru, “pile of bricks”), Hebrew אָמִיר (ʾāmīr, “treetop, mountain summit”).
* Metathesized from earlier *rm, from Proto-Afroasiatic *rim- (“to be raised, high, long”), cognate with Proto-Semitic *rayam- (“to be high”); compare Arabic رَيْم (raym, “abundance, hill, tumulus, step”)
* From a possible Proto-Afroasiatic *m-r (“heap of stones”), cognate with Tashelhit i-miri (“heap of stones, wall of dry stone”), a-mra (“stone buttress of a terraced field”), Central Atlas Tamazight i-mr-an (“large half-buried stones that mark off property boundaries”), Mofu-Gudur mémeré (“low stone terrace wall”).
* Related to a Semitic root *m-w-r, as in Qatabanian 𐩣𐩥𐩧𐩩𐩬 (mwrtn, “tower”), Arabic مَارَ (māra, “to come to a high place or plateau”).

cog

Ab-m:r-O24-pr-r:D54-m-w-s-pr-n:f-i-m-i-i-m-V20-Z1-Z1

c. 1550 B.C.E., Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, problem 59

p*t:r-i*M7-D6-b*i-n:nDs-i*m-W*Z2ss:r-q*A28-Y1:n-p*t:pt-n:U19-nw*W*W:D40-t*tyw-i*i-W*Z2ss:W-D52:t-A1*Z3-
-Hr*Z1-st-t:pr-pA:z-G3-im:T30--W*Z2ss:z:t*Z2ss--ir-w*m-U23-im:Ba15s*r*Ba15as-O24-Ba15s*Z1*Ba15as:Z1*Z1-Hr*Z1-pA-W*Z2ss-
-t*zA*W-N21*Z1:im-t*tyw-pH-t*y:n-sw-t-A42-q:n-D40:im-H-a:F51*F51*F51-f:nb-A40*T21-sxm-im:t-y:D40-mi-t:t-Y1V-
-mn:n:T-W*A40-sw:t-bit:t-<-ra-wsr*mAat-N36-i-mn:n->-zA-ra-<-C2*ms-z:z-HqA-iwn->
ptrj bjn jm.w r qꜣ n(j) pt nw tꜣy.w wmt ḥr st pꜣ smꜣ.w st jrw m mrw ḥr pꜣ.w zꜣtw m tꜣ pḥtj n(j) nswt qn m ḥꜥw.f nb wꜥ sḫmtj mjtj mnṯw nswt-bjtj wsr-mꜣꜥt-rꜥ-mr(y)-jmn zꜣ-rꜥ rꜥ-ms-s(w)-ḥqꜣ-jwnw

c. 1180 B.C.E., Temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu, Inscription of the Year 5, lines 35-36

Behold, they were in woe to the height of the sky, as their thick crowd was collected upon the place of their slaughter, and they were made into corpse-heaps on their soil by the might of the king, valiant in his limbs, the only lord, powerful like Montu, Dual King Usermaatre-Meryamun, Son of Ra Ramesses, Ruler of Heliopolis.


mr

U7:r-V1:D40 2-lit. (canonical)
mr (infinitive)
mrw (infinitive negative)
mr (infinitive negative)
mrt (infinitive)
mr (imperative infinitive singular)
j.mr (imperative infinitive singular)
mr (imperative infinitive plural)
j.mr (imperative infinitive plural)
mr (stative)
ḥr mr (imperfective)
m mr (imperfective)
r mr (prospective)
mr.n (active perfect)
mrw (passive perfect)
mr (passive perfect)
mr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
mrt (terminative)
mr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
mr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
mr (active imperfective)
j.mr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
mr (active prospective)
mrr (passive prospective)
mr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
mr (active subjunctive)
j.mr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
mr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
mr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
mr (active participle perfective)
mrr (participle passive perfective)
mrrj (participle passive perfective)
mr (participle passive perfective)
mrw (participle passive perfective)
mry (participle passive perfective)
j.mr (active imperfective participle relative)
mr (active imperfective participle relative)
mry (active imperfective participle relative)
mrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.mr (active imperfective participle)
j.mrw (active imperfective participle)
mr (active imperfective participle)
mrj (active imperfective participle)
mry (active imperfective participle)
mr (imperfective participle passive)
mrw (imperfective participle passive)
mr (active participle prospective relative)
mrtj (active participle prospective relative)
mrtj (participle prospective)
mrt (participle prospective)

Demotic: mr, mre, mrwy, ml, mlꜣ

Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲣ (mour)

(transitive) to bind, to tie (+ m: to or with)

(transitive) to tie together, to tie (pieces of wood, flax, etc.) up

(transitive) to fetter or bind (a captive or a captive’s limbs), to tie (a person) up

(reflexive, with n) to join (someone), to attach oneself to (someone)

(intransitive, of the mouth) to be suffering from an ailment of some kind such that the mouth is (figuratively) ‘bound’


mr

Perhaps from Proto-Afroasiatic. Cognate with Proto-Semitic *mir(Vʔ)- (“bull”): compare Akkadian 𒈪𒅕𒋾 (mīrtu, “young cow”), 𒄞𒀖 (mīru, “young bull”), Hebrew מְרִיא (mərīʾ, “fatted steer”). Possible Cushitic cognates include Hadiyya mōr-â (“bull”), Mbugu ki-mole, ki-more (“ox, bull”), possible Omotic cognates include Wolaytta mārā (“young bull”), Yemsa omoru (“bull”), and possible Chadic cognates include Mafa maray (“sacrificial bull”), Mofu-Gudur maray (“fattened bull”), Mafa mari (“bull”).


jswr

i-s-sw-w-r:Z1-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

Ultimately from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur, “Assur”).


wsn

w-s-n:D53 3-lit. (canonical)
wsn (infinitive)
wsnw (infinitive negative)
wsn (infinitive negative)
wsnt (infinitive)
wsn (imperative infinitive singular)
wsn (imperative infinitive plural)
wsn (stative)
ḥr wsn (imperfective)
m wsn (imperfective)
r wsn (prospective)
wsn.n (active perfect)
wsn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
wsnt (active terminative)
wsn (active perfective)
wsn.ḫr (active obligative)
wsn (active imperfective)
wsn (active prospective)
wsn.kꜣ (active potential)
wsn (active subjunctive)
wsn.n (active participle perfect)
wsn (active participle perfective)
wsn (participle passive perfective)
wsnw (participle passive perfective)
wsny (participle passive perfective)
wsn (active imperfective participle)
wsny (active imperfective participle)
wsnw (active imperfective participle)
wsnj (active imperfective participle)
wsn (imperfective participle passive)
wsnw (imperfective participle passive)
wsn (active participle prospective)
wsntj (active participle prospective)
wsntj (participle prospective)
wsnt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to fertilize, to procreate


ḫꜣtb

x-xA-A-t-b-D40 4-lit. (canonical)
ḫꜣtb (infinitive)
ḫꜣtbw (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣtb (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣtbt (infinitive)
ḫꜣtb (imperative infinitive singular)
ḫꜣtb (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫꜣtb (stative)
ḥr ḫꜣtb (imperfective)
m ḫꜣtb (imperfective)
r ḫꜣtb (prospective)
ḫꜣtb.n (active perfect)
ḫꜣtb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḫꜣtbt (active terminative)
ḫꜣtb (active perfective)
ḫꜣtb.ḫr (active obligative)
ḫꜣtb (active imperfective)
ḫꜣtbw (active prospective)
ḫꜣtb (active prospective)
ḫꜣtb.kꜣ (active potential)
ḫꜣtb (active subjunctive)
ḫꜣtb.n (active participle perfect)
ḫꜣtb (active participle perfective)
ḫꜣtb (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣtbw (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣtby (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣtb (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣtby (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣtbw (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣtbj (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣtb (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣtbw (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣtb (active participle prospective)
ḫꜣtbtj (active participle prospective)
ḫꜣtbwtj (participle prospective)
ḫꜣtbtj (participle prospective)
ḫꜣtbt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ḫꜣtbt

ḫꜣtbw.tj1, ḫꜣtb.tj1, ḫꜣtbw.tw2, ḫꜣtb.tw2

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume V, Providence: Brown University, PT 542.4 (Pyr. 1335a), P

(intransitive, always negated) to have mercy, to take pity (+ jm: to have mercy on, to spare)


jrj

ir 3ae inf. (canonical)
jrt (infinitive)
jrj (infinitive)
jrw (infinitive negative)
jr (infinitive negative)
jrwt (infinitive)
jryt (infinitive)
jr (imperative infinitive singular)
jr (imperative infinitive plural)
jry (imperative infinitive plural)
jr (stative)
jrr (stative)
ḥr jrt (imperfective)
ḥr jrj (imperfective)
m jrt (imperfective)
m jrj (imperfective)
r jrt (prospective)
r jrj (prospective)
jr.n (active perfect)
jrw (passive perfect)
jr (passive perfect)
jry (passive perfect)
jr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jrt (terminative)
jryt (terminative)
jr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jr (active imperfective)
jry (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jrw (active prospective)
jr (active prospective)
jry (active prospective)
jrw (passive prospective)
jr (passive prospective)
jry (passive prospective)
jr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jr (active subjunctive)
jry (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jrw (active participle perfective relative)
jry (active participle perfective relative)
jr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jr (active participle perfective)
jry (participle passive perfective)
jr (participle passive perfective)
jrr (active imperfective participle relative)
jrry (active imperfective participle relative)
jrrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jrr (active imperfective participle)
jrrj (active imperfective participle)
jrry (active imperfective participle)
jrr (imperfective participle passive)
jrrw (imperfective participle passive)
jrw (active participle prospective relative)
jry (active participle prospective relative)
jr (active participle prospective relative)
jrtj (active participle prospective relative)
jrwtj (participle prospective)
jrtj (participle prospective)
jrt (participle prospective)

jrt, jryt

jrw.tj1, jr.tj1, jry.tj1, jrw.tw2, jr.tw2, jry.tw2

Demotic: jr(y)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲣⲉ (eire)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲣⲓ (iri)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓⲗⲓ (ili)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲓⲣⲉ (ire)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲣⲉ (eire)

(transitive) to recite (a spell, praise, or text), to read or speak aloud

(transitive, medicine) to treat (a sickness or ailment)

D35-r:x-Y1-n:t-w-xpr-r:*t-Z2:ir-r:*t-nTr-Z1-x*t:f-U35-A24-f

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) line 2.2

One cannot know what might come to be or what the god might do when he punishes.

(transitive) to do (an action) (+ r: against (someone); + n: for; + ḥnꜥ: with; + m: using, by means of)

ir-r:k\-m-x:r-t:Y2:Z2-ib*Z1:k\-s-wr-r:d-nDs-p-W-D:d-n:k\

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 20–21

Well, do whatever you want (literally, “as your desire”). It’s tiring to talk to you.

(intransitive) to act, to do (+ m or mj or ḫft: as, in accordance with; + mj: as, like)

ir:Dw-t-w-r:Sd:d-xrw-w-w-d:Z9:D40-q:n:nDs-z:p*zp:f-spr:r:D54-r:f
jr ḏwt r šd-ḫrw wd qn zp.f spr(.w) r.f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 22

Evil has been done to the Disturber (Set), he who committed violence; his misdeed has caught up with him.

(transitive) to do (good, evil, justice, wrong, etc.) (+ r: against (someone))

aHa-a:n-D:d-n:f-n:A1-m-ir-i-q:r-Y2-x:n-T35-m-s-A21-A1
ꜥḥꜥ.n ḏd.f n.j m jr(w) jqr ḫnms

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 183–184

Then he said to me, Don’t act so high-minded (literally, “Don’t act the excellent one”), friend.

ir:n-sn-t*B1:f-m:a-k:t:Y1:f-s-Hr:r-i-i-t:N31-xrw-w-A13:Z2-s-N41-m-t:D55-z:p*zp:H_SPACE*Z2ss-Sd:d:D40-xrw-w-m-Ax-x:H_SPACE-Y1:Z2:r*Z1-s
jr.n snt.f mkt.f sḥr{y}t ḫrww sḥmt zpw šd-ḫrw m ꜣḫw r(ꜣ).s

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 13–14

His sister has served as his protector, she who drove off the enemies, who put an end to the deeds of the Disturber (Set) by the magical prowess of her mouth

(transitive) to act as (a function), to act in the capacity of

to act as (a function), to act in the capacity of

(transitive) to make, to craft, to construct (concrete things) (+ m: from, out of)

z:t-Q7-N33A:n-A1-ir-w-N33A:Ba17s*N33A*Ba17as-n:A1-
-z:T30-m-D54:N33A-w-A1-xpr:r-w:N33A-m-H-a-F51*Z1:N33A-A1

c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, lines 1–2

Illuminate for me, those whom I made! Lead me, those who came into being through my flesh!

(transitive, of gods) to create, to bring into being with divine power

to create, to bring into being with divine power

st-t:H8-x-Ax-t:H_SPACE-nD-nw*t:Y1-sn-A40-s-H-H-t:D54-sw-w-D35:t*t-b-g:g-A7:z-
-pXr:r:t*D54-N17:N21*Z1-p:n-m-HA-i-i-t:nDs-D35:x:n-xn-D54:n:z-D35:gm-m-t-w-s-sw-w-
-ir:t-Sw-w&t-ra:Z2ss-m-Sw-w-t:H5:Z2:z-s-xpr:t-TAw-m-H5:H5:z-ir:t:h:n-nw-w-A32-mn:n-i-t:P11-sn-A40-s
ꜣst ꜣḫt nḏt sn.s ḥḥt sw jwtt b(ꜣ)gg.s pẖrt tꜣ pn m ḥꜣyt nj ḫn.n.s nj gm.tw.s sw jrt šwt m šwwt.s sḫprt ṯꜣw m ḏnḥwj.s jrt hnw mjnt sn.s

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 14–15

capable Isis who saved her brother, who sought him without wearying, who circled this land in mourning, not alighting so long as he was not found, who made shade with her feathers, who brought about breath with her wings, who made acclamation, a mooring-post for her brother

(transitive) to make, to bring about (intangible or abstract things)

to make, to bring about (intangible or abstract things)

(transitive) to make, to issue, to promulgate (laws, decrees, prescriptions, commands) (+ n: for (someone); + r: against (someone))

(transitive) to write (texts, documents)

s-T:z:t-U39-M22-M22-nw-w-A7:Z2-n:wr:r:d-A7:ib*Z1-x:n:p:t*fnD-N35B:f-ir:t:E9-a:w*F44-
-Sd:d:t*D27-n:x:n-Xrd-m-wa:a:a-w-D35:r:x:Y1-b-w:f-i-m-b-s-t:K5:D54-sw-w-a*Z1:f-n&xt-w-m-Xn-nw:pr-
-gb-b
sṯzt nnw n(j) wrd(w)-jb ḫnpt mw.f jrt jwꜥw šdt nḫn m wꜥꜥw nj rḫ bw.f jm bst sw ꜥ.f nḫtw m ẖnw wsḫt gbb

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 16–17

who raised the limpness of the weary-hearted, who took in his water (semen), who made an heir, who suckled the child in solitude where his location was unknown, who introduced him when his arm grew strong into the hall of Geb.

(transitive) to make
(transitive) to beget (children)

(transitive) to erect, to build (buildings and monuments)

to erect, to build (buildings and monuments)

k\-A-w-N33C:Z2-i-m-H-n:a-n:q-w:*t-N33C:Z2-O43-p:t-N33C:Z2-mi-i-ir-t-s
kꜣw jm ḥnꜥ nq(ꜥ)wt sšpt mj jr.t(w).s

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 49–50

Unripe sycamore figs were there along with ripe ones, and muskmelons as if cultivated.

(transitive) to cultivate, to grow (plants)

(transitive) to make
(transitive) to work (fields)

(transitive) to lay out (gardens and pools)

(transitive) to prepare (food and drink)

ir:n-A1-h:r-w-hrw-Z1-Z1-Z1-wa:a-Z1*nDs:k\-W-A1-ib-Z1-A1-m-sn-n:nw-w-A1-Z1-Z1-A1-
-z-Dr:r-A55:k\-w-A1-m-Xn:n-nw*W:pr-n:k\-A-p:V19-pr:n-xt:t*Z1-q:n-i-D32-a:n-A1-H6A-W-i-i-t-ra
jr.n.j ḫmtw hrw wꜥ.kw jb.j m snnw.j sḏr.kw m ẖnw n(j) kꜣp n(j) ḫt qnj.n.j šwyt

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 41–45

I spent three days alone, my heart my only companion (literally, “my second”), lying inside a shelter of wood, having embraced the shadows.

(transitive) to pass (time), to spend (time)

(transitive) to perform, to undertake (a specified procedure with a defined endpoint)

(transitive) to carry out, to execute (a command, decree, etc.) (+ r: against or regarding (someone))

(transitive) to perform, to make, to offer (a sacrifice)

to perform, to make, to offer (a sacrifice)

(transitive, mathematics) to work out (a value or calculation)

(transitive) to achieve (a purpose or result)

(transitive) to perform, to carry out (a ceremony)

(transitive, medicine) to prepare and apply, to use (a medicine or remedy)

to prepare and apply, to use (a medicine or remedy)

(transitive) to perform (a miracle or wonder)

(transitive) to gather, to marshal (troops, armies, herds)

to gather, to marshal (troops, armies, herds)

(transitive) to gather, to acquire, to amass (cattle, grain, or slaves)

(transitive, with m) to make into, turn into, change into (something); also, to put into (writing)

(intransitive with r or ḥr or transitive) to make for, to steer towards (a place or direction)

to make for, to steer towards (a place or direction)

(Late Egyptian, catenative, with a verb in the subjunctive) to cause, make, let, allow

(Late Egyptian, transitive, with prefixed j. and following infinitive) forms the imperfective active participle

forms the imperfective active participle

with prefixed j. and following infinitive

(Late Egyptian, transitive, with prefixed j. and following infinitive) forms the perfective active and passive participles, initially of verbs with four or more radicals, but after the New Kingdom increasingly of other verbs as well

(transitive) to appoint (priests or officials) (+ n: to appoint (someone))


jrj

r (“regarding, with respect to”) + -j (“adverbializing suffix”).

suffix

prepositional adverbs
w:Prepositional adverb

(after a preposition) Forms prepositional adverbs from certain prepositions.

s-D:d-A1-r:f-n:k\-mi-i-t*t:Y2-i-r:y-xpr:r-m:a-A1-D:z-A1
sḏd.j r.f n.k mjtt jrj ḫpr(.w) m-ꜥ.j ḏs.j

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 21–23

Even so, let me recount to you something similar to this that happened to me myself.

regarding it, with respect to it, concerning it, thereto


jrj

i-r:y (canonical)
jrj (masculine singular)
jrt (feminine singular)
jrjwj (dual masculine)
jrwj (dual masculine)
jrtj (dual feminine)
jrjw (masculine plural)
jrw (masculine plural)
jrwt (feminine plural)
jrt (feminine plural)

From r (“regarding, with respect to”) + -j (“nisba ending”). The noun is simply a nominalized use of the nisba adjective.

pertaining to, relating to, belonging to


jrj

jrj (singular)
jrjwj (dual)
jrjw (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲏⲣ (ēr)

Old Coptic: ⲣⲉⲓ (rei)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲣⲏⲩ (erēu), ⲉⲣⲏⲟⲩ (erēou)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲣⲏⲟⲩ (erēou)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲣⲏⲩ (erēu)


nj

n:y (canonical)
n:y (masculine singular)
n (masculine singular)
nj (masculine singular)
n:t (feminine singular)
nt (feminine singular)
n-w&y (dual masculine)
njwj (dual masculine)
nwj (dual masculine)
n:t*y (dual feminine)
nw (masculine plural)
njw (masculine plural)
n:t (feminine plural)
nwt (feminine plural)
nt (feminine plural)

Coptic: ⲛ̄- (n̄-), ⲙ̄- (m̄-)

introduces the agent of an infinitive when it is a personal pronoun


nj

>? Late Egyptian: bw

Oréal hypothesizes that nj originated as a verb expressing nonexistence or absence in a stative construction, drawing a speculative connection with the attested verb nj (“to rebuff, to drive away”).
A cognate relation to Proto-Semitic *lā (“no, not”) has also been suggested.

(Old Egyptian, with a following noun or pronoun) there is no, there are no; introduces an independent negated existential clause

(Old Egyptian) not; negates any sentence

(Middle Egyptian) not; negates a nominal sentence, an adjectival sentence of possession, or the rheme of an emphatic clause (used with js; see Usage Notes below)

(Middle Egyptian) not; negates most verbal predicates besides infinitival, imperative, and subjunctive forms; forms the negation of the perfect, perfect passive, terminative, perfective, imperfective, prospective, and prospective passive.


nj

n (“to, for”) + -j (adverbializing suffix).


nj

Alternative form (before a noun) of n (“to, for”)


hh

i-D46A-Ax-x*t:N18:n-G5-O48-G7-n-s-r-Q7-n:h*h-Q7--s-r:T:n--HA-w-kA-A-r-O18-!-x:f-x:f:t-mw-h-h-Q7-s-r:T:n-U39-w-z-w-wr-r:*t

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume III, Providence: Brown University, PT 255.2–255.4 (Pyr. 295b–295d), W

jd ꜣḫt n ḥr-nḫn(j) nsr n(j) hh[.s r.ṯn] ḥꜣ(j)w kꜣr ḫfḫft hh.s r.ṯn wṯzw wrt

nw:k-A1-G5-A40-ms-s-n-F51:t-B1-ir-i-i-m-D38:k-t:D40-N33A:f-m-Xn:nw*pr-s-w-H-t:H8-!-D35-A-d-w-I3-i-A1-h:h-Q7-n:r*Z1-T:n-D35:p-H-pH-D54:n-w-i-A1-D:d-t-T:n-r-i-A1
jnk ḥr ms.n ꜣst jry mkt.f m ẖnw swḥt nj ꜣd wj hh n(j) r(ꜣ).ṯn nj pḥ.n wj ḏdt.ṯn r.j

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Coffin Texts, version S1P (outer coffin of Nakhti, Louvre E 11981) spell 148, lines 121–122

I am Horus, born of Isis, whose protection was made within the egg: the fiery breath of your mouths will not rage against me, and what you may say against me cannot reach me.

hot or burning breath, particularly of supernatural beings

rush of hot air
steam from freshly baked bread

(figuratively) fever or hot breath as a symptom of disease


𓀀

Representing a seated man with both arms flexed, the rearward arm overlapping the body, essentially portraying a man in a generic pose to draw little attention to any particular action or quality other than manhood. Compare the Chinese character 人. This and other glyphs depicting men conventionally color the skin red; the hair is typically black, and the clothing white (sometimes with black outlines or details).

egy-hiero-color-men

(Old Egyptian) Logogram for rmṯ (“human, person”).

Logogram for .j (first person suffix pronoun).

(Late Egyptian) Logogram for wj (first person dependent pronoun).

Determinative for the relations, occupations, and personal names of men.

Determinative for the first person, as in jnk, .kw, wj.

Part of the combination A1:Z2, a logogram for rḥw (“comrades”) in certain personal names.

Part of the combination A1*B1:Z2, a determinative for groups of people, as in rmṯw (“people”).


hj

Demotic:  (hy)

Coptic: ϩⲁⲓ (hai)


mnt

From mn (“so-and-so”) + -t (feminine ending).

substitute for an unknown female name; so-and-so, N.N.


mnt

mn:n:t-rd (canonical feminine)
mnt (singular)
mntj (dual)
mnwt (plural)

(in the dual) lap (upper legs of a seated person)


mnt

mn:n-t:wr (canonical feminine)
mnt (singular)
mntj (dual)
mnwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲏⲛⲓ (bēni)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲃⲏⲛⲉ (bēne)


rw

Cognate to Proto-Semitic *ʔarway- (“wild beast; lion”).

cog

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume III, Providence: Brown University, PT 294.2 (Pyr. 436b), W


tw

egy-det

t-w f sg proximal, later copular/vocativedemonstrative determiner

t-w f sg proximal (canonical)
later copular (canonical)
vocativedemonstrative determiner (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jptntj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jptftj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jptwtj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptwt (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nw (determiner plural pronoun)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (adverb pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (adverb determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (masculine)
tꜣy (feminine)
nꜣy (plural)
dj (adverb)
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (adverb possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (adverb article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (adverb article indefinite)

(Middle Egyptian) O (vocative reference)


tw

egy-pron

t-wimpersonal enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

t-wimpersonal enclitic pronoun (canonical)

(Middle Egyptian) used as the impersonal subject of an adverbial predicate or verb form; one, someone or something unspecified

used as a substitute for noun phrases referring to the king


tw

t-w m sg 2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

t-w m sg 2. enclitic pronoun (canonical)


tn

egy-det

t:n f sg proximaldemonstrative determiner

pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jptntj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jptftj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jptwtj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptwt (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nw (determiner plural pronoun)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (adverb pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (adverb determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (masculine)
tꜣy (feminine)
nꜣy (plural)
dj (adverb)
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (adverb possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (adverb article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (adverb article indefinite)


tn

egy-pron

t:n:Z2 pl and f sg2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

t:n:Z2 pl and f sg2. enclitic pronoun (canonical)


kw

k-w m sg 2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun

k-w m sg 2. enclitic pronoun (canonical)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯn (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person personal pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
w (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
wy (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
kw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
k (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯ (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯm (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
ṯnj (dual enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person)
snj (dual enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯmt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
swt (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
stt (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
ntsnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun stressed third-person)
ntṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
jntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kj (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.k (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tjwn (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person stative)
.wy (dual masculine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.wj (dual masculine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.ty (dual feminine personal pronoun stative third-person)
.wn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.nw (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.wy (masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.tj (feminine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kj (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.ṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sj (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.nj (dual first-person personal pronoun suffix)
.ṯnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.tnj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person suffix)
.snj (dual feminine masculine personal pronoun suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.ṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
w (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
ṯw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
ṯn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tn (enclitic feminine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
sj (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
s (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine personal pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
ṯn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
tn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
ntk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntṯ (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ṯwt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
ntf (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
nts (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
swt (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
ntṯn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
nttn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
ntsn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.t (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.t (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.wn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.wjn (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tjwn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.tjwnj (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person personal proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sj (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
.k (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.kw (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.t (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular suffix)
.f (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.fj (masculine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.s (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.st (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.sw (feminine personal pronoun singular suffix third-person)
.n (first-person personal plural pronoun suffix)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.twn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person suffix)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
.sn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun suffix third-person)
wj (enclitic first-person personal pronoun singular)
tw (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
tj (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular)
sw (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal pronoun singular third-person)
n (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
wn (enclitic first-person personal plural pronoun)
twn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person)
sn (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
st (enclitic feminine masculine personal plural pronoun third-person)
jnk (first-person personal pronoun singular stressed)
mntk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwk (masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntt (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mtwy (feminine personal pronoun second-person singular stressed)
mntf (masculine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntst (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
mntjst (feminine personal pronoun singular stressed third-person)
jnn (first-person personal plural pronoun stressed)
mnttn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stressed)
mntw (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stressed third-person)
.kw (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.k (first-person personal pronoun singular stative)
.tj (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.tw (feminine masculine personal pronoun second-person singular stative)
.w (masculine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.y (masculine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tj (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.tw (feminine personal pronoun singular stative third-person)
.nw (first-person personal plural pronoun stative)
.tn (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun second-person stative)
.w (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
.y (feminine masculine personal plural pronoun stative third-person)
tw.j (first-person personal proclitic pronoun singular)
tw.k (masculine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
tw.t (feminine personal proclitic pronoun second-person singular)
sw (masculine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
st (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
sw (feminine personal proclitic pronoun singular third-person)
tw.n (first-person personal plural proclitic pronoun)
tw.tn (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun second-person)
st (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
sw (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)
swt (feminine masculine personal plural proclitic pronoun third-person)


nwy

aHa-a:n-D:d-n:f-n:A1-n-m:a-ini-n:t*W-zp*y:n-D:z-nDs-A1-!-n-m:a-ini-n:t-w-r-iw:N23*Z1-p:n:n-M14-wr-r:N36-n:t*y-Aa16-Z1-f:y-m-n&U19&nw-i-i-mw
ꜥḥꜥ.n ḏd.n.f n.j (j)n-mj jn tw zpwj snwj nḏs (j)n-mj jn tw r jw pn n(j) wꜣḏ-wr ntj gs(wj).fj m nwy

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 83–86

Then he said to me,
―Who brought you, who brought you, little man? Who brought you to this island of the sea, both of whose sides are in the water?


𓀁

This determinative was originally two separate signs, one with a seated man putting his hand to his mouth as a determinative for eating, and one where the seated man’s hand did not touch the mouth but was depicted palm-outward as a determinative for speech, intellect, and exclamations. Later the latter sign was subsumed by the former. This and other glyphs depicting men conventionally color the skin red; the hair is typically black, and the clothing white (sometimes with black outlines or details).
During the Heracleopolitan Period, confusion of this sign with the seated man A1 (𓀀) resulted in the use of a variant of A2 with a standing man putting his hand to his mouth.

Determinative for eating and drinking, as in wnm (“to eat”), zwr (“to drink”), ḥqr (“to be hungry”).

Determinative for speech and exclamations, as in j (“O!; to say”), sḏd (“to recount”), gr (“to be silent”).

Determinative for thinking and feeling, as in kꜣj (“to plan”), mrj (“to love”).


wnt

From the terminative of wnn (“to exist”).


wnt

serves as a complementizer to convert a verbal or nonverbal sentence with realis mood into a subordinated noun clause; that


wnt

Alternative form of wnnt (“truly, indeed”)


tfn

tfn (singular)
tfnwj (dual)
tfnw (plural)


mrw

mrw (singular)
mrwwj (dual)
mrww (plural)

Coptic: ⲙⲏⲣ (mēr)


𓃀

Representing a foot. Originally (during the 1st Dynasty) this hieroglyph was very short, showing little above the truncated foot; it later grew taller, but even during the Middle Kingdom it was frequently shorter than the full height of a line. This glyph was conventionally colored red.


𓅡

Originally representing the saddle-billed stork (Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis). The stork is depicted with decreasing accuracy over time; the earliest instances come from knife and mace handles from the Late Predynastic Period and are very accurate. Starting from the 3rd Dynasty the bill of the hieroglyphic stork began to shorten. In later phases of the Old Kingdom, as the bird died out and disappeared from Egypt, the glyph became increasingly schematized, with a shorter neck and bill, a goose-like posture, and incorrect placement of the wattle on the neck or chest rather than at the base of the bill. This form then continued on mostly unchanged for the rest of Egyptian history.
The phonetic value of bꜣ is derived by the rebus principle from the glyph’s use as a logogram for bꜣ (“ba”).


𓊛

Representing a boat on water, typically with seat and steering oar. These boats occur with great frequency in archaic graffiti, pottery, and paintings. In Old Kingdom examples the glyph is usually written without the oar,

, and a variant with a high prow and stern,

, is preferred in Old Kingdom titles.

Logogram for ꜥḥꜥ (“boat”) in jmj-r ꜥḥꜥw.

(rare) Logogram for qꜣqꜣw (“kind of riverboat”).

Determinative for boats and ships, as in dpt (“ship”) or ḥꜥw (“fleet”).

Determinative for verbs involving navigation and travel by water, as in nꜥj (“to travel by boat”) or ḫdj (“to go downstream”).


ꜣḫt

ꜣḫt (singular)
ꜣḫtj (dual)
ꜣḫwt (plural)

→ English: Akhet

Akhet; the region in the sky in which the sun tarries just before it rises (later also the region in which it tarries just after it sets), giving rise to the twilight


ꜣḫt

→ English: Akhet

inundation season; the first of the three Egyptian seasons, spanning from July to November.


ꜣḫt

From ꜣḫ (“to be effective, to be useful”) + -t.

af

zA-nD-nw:t:y-ir:f-H_SPACE:x-Ax-t:H_SPACE-Z2:n-t:f-t:f-t:f-f-t-w&t-D52-sw-w
zꜣ nḏ.tj jr.f ꜣḫt n jtw.f twt(w) sw

c. 1477 BCE, Year 2 inscription of Thutmose III on the eastern outer wall of the oldest part of the temple of Semne, line 4

A solicitous son does good for his fathers who formed him


ꜣḫt

n:p:r-i-A40-D37:f-s-sm:M-Hn:f:nb-D:f:X4-n:N21*Ax*Z1-b-s-K5:D54:f-s-s-Aa18-w-A2-D37:f-sw-w-m-tA:tA:tA:nb
nprj dj.f sm(w).f nb ḏf(ꜣ) n(j) ꜣḫt bs.f ssꜣw dj.f sw m tꜣw nb(w)

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 20

Nepri gives all his plants, the provisions of the field, bringing forth satiety and giving it to all lands.


dpt

dpt (singular)
dptj (dual)
dpwt (plural)

h-A-D54:k\-w-A1-r-M14-wr-r:N36-m-d:p*t-P1-n:t-mH:a-V1-V20:V20-m-Aw-W-s-!-mH:a-V20:V20-V20:V20-m-s-x-w-D32-s-s-qd-d-A30-A1-V1-V20:V20-i-m-s-m-stp:Y2-n:km-m-t:niwt
hꜣ.kw r wꜣḏ-wr m dpt nt št-mḏwtj mḥ m ꜣw.s ḥmw mḥ m sḫw.s št-mḏwtj sqd jm.s m stp n(j) kmt

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 24–28

I had gone down to the sea in a boat of a hundred twenty cubits in length and forty cubits in breadth, with a hundred twenty sailors in it of the choice of Egypt.

mi-i d:p:t-P1 D35:n s*x:r-i-i-Y1-A1 i-m-s
[…] mj dpt nn sḫry jm.s […]

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Eloquent Peasant, version B1 (pAmherst 1 and pBerlin 3023) lines 221–222

i-r-s-q-d:d-N33C:P1-Xr:r-f:D35-s-sA-A-H-D61-D54-n:f-tA:N23*Z1-D35-mn:n-i-T14-P1:n-d-p-W:t-P1:f-r:d-mi-i-N23-s

c. 1859 BCE – 1800 BCE, The Eloquent Peasant, version B2 (pAmherst 2 and pBerlin 3025) lines 101–103

As for him who sails with it, he cannot set foot on land, and his boat cannot moor at its harbor.

jr sqdd ẖr.f nj sꜣḥ.n.f tꜣ nj mjn.n dpwt.f r dmj.s


dpt

Akhmimic Coptic: ϯⲡⲉ (tipe)

Bohairic Coptic: ϯⲡⲓ (tipi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϯⲡⲓ (tipi)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϯⲡⲉ (tipe)

Sahidic Coptic: ϯⲡⲉ (tipe)

D:d-n:A1-d:p-t:ns-A2-m-t-Z6-M22-M22
[…] ḏd.n.j dpt mwt nn […]

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) line 23

[…] I said “this is the taste of death.” […]

taste (sensations produced by the tongue)


dpt

Possibly related to dpt (“taste”); see above.

(usually in the dual) a kind of baked goods


dpt

Akhmimic Coptic: ϯⲡⲉ (tipe)

Bohairic Coptic: ϯⲡⲓ (tipi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϯⲡⲓ (tipi)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϯⲡⲉ (tipe)

Sahidic Coptic: ϯⲡⲉ (tipe)

(originally in medical papyri) an edible doubled body part; conventionally rendered as loins, but possibly also the kidneys


pw

egy-det

p-w m sg proximal, later copular/vocativedemonstrative determiner

p-w m sg proximal (canonical)
later copular (canonical)
vocativedemonstrative determiner (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jptntj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jptftj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jptwtj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptwt (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nw (determiner plural pronoun)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (adverb pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (adverb determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (masculine)
tꜣy (feminine)
nꜣy (plural)
dj (adverb)
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (adverb possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (adverb article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (adverb article indefinite)

(Middle Egyptian, in nominal sentences, following the initial nominal or pronominal element) this is…; it is…

(Middle Egyptian, formal) O (vocative reference)


pw

egy-pron

p-w interrogative stressed (‘independent’) pronoun

p-w interrogative stressed pronoun (canonical)


ptr

p*t:r-M6-A2 interrogative stressed (‘independent’) pronoun

pw (“this”) + tr (interrogative particle).


ptr

p*t:r-M4-D6 3-lit. (canonical)
ptr (infinitive)
ptrw (infinitive negative)
ptr (infinitive negative)
ptrt (infinitive)
ptr (imperative infinitive singular)
ptr (imperative infinitive plural)
ptr (stative)
ḥr ptr (imperfective)
m ptr (imperfective)
r ptr (prospective)
ptr.n (active perfect)
ptrw (passive perfect)
ptr (passive perfect)
ptr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ptrt (terminative)
ptr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ptr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ptr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ptr (active prospective)
ptrr (passive prospective)
ptr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ptr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ptr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ptr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ptr (active participle perfective)
ptr (participle passive perfective)
ptrw (participle passive perfective)
ptry (participle passive perfective)
ptr (active imperfective participle relative)
ptry (active imperfective participle relative)
ptrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ptr (active imperfective participle)
ptrj (active imperfective participle)
ptry (active imperfective participle)
ptr (imperfective participle passive)
ptrw (imperfective participle passive)
ptr (active participle prospective relative)
ptrtj (active participle prospective relative)
ptrtj (participle prospective)
ptrt (participle prospective)


ptr

(Late Egyptian) behold, lo, look; presents the contents of a statement