grḥ

g:r-H 3-lit. (canonical)
grḥ (infinitive)
grḥw (infinitive negative)
grḥ (infinitive negative)
grḥt (infinitive)
grḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
grḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
grḥ (stative)
ḥr grḥ (imperfective)
m grḥ (imperfective)
r grḥ (prospective)
grḥ.n (active perfect)
grḥw (passive perfect)
grḥ (passive perfect)
grḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
grḥt (terminative)
grḥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
grḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
grḥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
grḥ (active prospective)
grḥḥ (passive prospective)
grḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
grḥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
grḥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
grḥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
grḥ (active participle perfective)
grḥ (participle passive perfective)
grḥw (participle passive perfective)
grḥy (participle passive perfective)
grḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
grḥy (active imperfective participle relative)
grḥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
grḥ (active imperfective participle)
grḥj (active imperfective participle)
grḥy (active imperfective participle)
grḥ (imperfective participle passive)
grḥw (imperfective participle passive)
grḥ (active participle prospective relative)
grḥtj (active participle prospective relative)
grḥtj (participle prospective)
grḥt (participle prospective)


ḏꜥ

D:a-P5 2-lit. (canonical)
ḏꜥ (infinitive)
ḏꜥw (infinitive negative)
ḏꜥ (infinitive negative)
ḏꜥt (infinitive)
ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ḏꜥ (stative)
ḥr ḏꜥ (imperfective)
m ḏꜥ (imperfective)
r ḏꜥ (prospective)
ḏꜥ.n (active perfect)
ḏꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḏꜥt (active terminative)
ḏꜥ (active perfective)
ḏꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
ḏꜥ (active imperfective)
j.ḏꜥ (active imperfective)
ḏꜥ (active prospective)
ḏꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
ḏꜥ (active subjunctive)
j.ḏꜥ (active subjunctive)
ḏꜥ.n (active participle perfect)
ḏꜥ (active participle perfective)
ḏꜥꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥꜥj (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥw (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥy (participle passive perfective)
j.ḏꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥy (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥw (active imperfective participle)
j.ḏꜥw (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥj (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
ḏꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
ḏꜥ (active participle prospective)
ḏꜥtj (active participle prospective)
ḏꜥtj (participle prospective)
ḏꜥt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ḏꜥt

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.

(intransitive, medicine, of a person) to fart

(intransitive, of the sky) to be(come) stormy


ḏꜥ

D:a-T14-D54 2-lit. (canonical)
ḏꜥ (infinitive)
ḏꜥw (infinitive negative)
ḏꜥ (infinitive negative)
ḏꜥt (infinitive)
ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.ḏꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ḏꜥ (stative)
ḥr ḏꜥ (imperfective)
m ḏꜥ (imperfective)
r ḏꜥ (prospective)
ḏꜥ.n (active perfect)
ḏꜥw (passive perfect)
ḏꜥ (passive perfect)
ḏꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḏꜥt (terminative)
ḏꜥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḏꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḏꜥ (active imperfective)
j.ḏꜥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḏꜥ (active prospective)
ḏꜥꜥ (passive prospective)
ḏꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḏꜥ (active subjunctive)
j.ḏꜥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḏꜥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḏꜥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḏꜥ (active participle perfective)
ḏꜥꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥꜥj (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥw (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜥy (participle passive perfective)
j.ḏꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏꜥy (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏꜥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.ḏꜥ (active imperfective participle)
j.ḏꜥw (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥj (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥy (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
ḏꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
ḏꜥ (active participle prospective relative)
ḏꜥtj (active participle prospective relative)
ḏꜥtj (participle prospective)
ḏꜥt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to spearfish, to catch by spearfishing


ḏꜥ

Coptic: ϫⲁⲓⲉ (čaie, “desert”)

(hapax) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

i-w-s-D:a-T14-N31:G37-m-h-A-w-Y1:Z2-tp*p:a*Z1-A52-Z1:Z1*Z1
jw.s ḏꜥ.tj m hꜣw tp(j)w-ꜥ

19th Dynasty, Merneptah’s Libyan war inscription at Karnak

It was laid waste in the time of the ancestors

(intransitive) to be laid waste, to be(come) desolate


ḫbj

x-b-A32 3ae inf. (canonical)
ḫbt (infinitive)
ḫbj (infinitive)
ḫbw (infinitive negative)
ḫb (infinitive negative)
ḫbwt (infinitive)
ḫbyt (infinitive)
ḫb (imperative infinitive singular)
ḫb (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫby (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫb (stative)
ḫbb (stative)
ḥr ḫbt (imperfective)
ḥr ḫbj (imperfective)
m ḫbt (imperfective)
m ḫbj (imperfective)
r ḫbt (prospective)
r ḫbj (prospective)
ḫb.n (active perfect)
ḫb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḫbt (active terminative)
ḫbyt (active terminative)
ḫb (active perfective)
ḫb.ḫr (active obligative)
ḫb (active imperfective)
ḫby (active imperfective)
ḫbw (active prospective)
ḫb (active prospective)
ḫby (active prospective)
ḫb.kꜣ (active potential)
ḫb (active subjunctive)
ḫby (active subjunctive)
ḫb.n (active participle perfect)
ḫbw (active participle perfective)
ḫby (active participle perfective)
ḫb (active participle perfective)
ḫby (participle passive perfective)
ḫb (participle passive perfective)
ḫbb (active imperfective participle)
ḫbby (active imperfective participle)
ḫbbw (active imperfective participle)
ḫbbj (active imperfective participle)
ḫbb (imperfective participle passive)
ḫbbw (imperfective participle passive)
ḫbw (active participle prospective)
ḫby (active participle prospective)
ḫb (active participle prospective)
ḫbtj (active participle prospective)
ḫbwtj (participle prospective)
ḫbtj (participle prospective)
ḫbt (participle prospective)

ḫbt, ḫbyt

ḫbw.tj1, ḫb.tj1, ḫby.tj1, ḫbw.tw2, ḫb.tw2, ḫby.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">-y</i> instead of the expected stative ending.


wbn

w-b-n:N8 3-lit. (canonical)
wbn (infinitive)
wbnw (infinitive negative)
wbn (infinitive negative)
wbnt (infinitive)
wbn (imperative infinitive singular)
wbn (imperative infinitive plural)
wbn (stative)
ḥr wbn (imperfective)
m wbn (imperfective)
r wbn (prospective)
wbn.n (active perfect)
wbn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
wbnt (active terminative)
wbn (active perfective)
wbn.ḫr (active obligative)
wbn (active imperfective)
wbn (active prospective)
wbn.kꜣ (active potential)
wbn (active subjunctive)
wbn.n (active participle perfect)
wbn (active participle perfective)
wbn (participle passive perfective)
wbnw (participle passive perfective)
wbny (participle passive perfective)
wbn (active imperfective participle)
wbny (active imperfective participle)
wbnw (active imperfective participle)
wbnj (active imperfective participle)
wbn (imperfective participle passive)
wbnw (imperfective participle passive)
wbn (active participle prospective)
wbntj (active participle prospective)
wbntj (participle prospective)
wbnt (participle prospective)

xa:Hr*g-n:t:t:f-mi-i-C1-w-b-n:ra:f-m-Axt:t-r:a:f-O43:p-ra:n-Hr:Z1-k:k-N3-!-s-HD-D&ra-n:f-Sw-w-ra:H_SPACE-m-S9-f:y-G32-n:f-tA:tA:N21*N21-mi-i-i-T:n:ra-m-tp*Z1:dwA-i-i-t:ra
ḫꜥ ḥr nst nt (j)t.f mj rꜥ wbn.f m ꜣḫt rdj.f šsp n ḥr(j) kkw sḥḏ.n.f šw m šwtj.fj bꜥḥ.n.f tꜣwj mj jṯn m tp-dwꜣyt

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 12–13

One shining forth on the throne of his father like Ra when he rises in the Akhet, he gave light to what was covered by darkness, having brightened the air with his two plumes, having flooded the Two Lands (Egypt) like the sun disk at the break of dawn.

(intransitive, of the sun or inundation) to rise


sꜥḥ

s-a-H-S20 3-lit. (canonical)
sꜥḥ (infinitive)
sꜥḥw (infinitive negative)
sꜥḥ (infinitive negative)
sꜥḥt (infinitive)
sꜥḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
sꜥḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
sꜥḥ (stative)
ḥr sꜥḥ (imperfective)
m sꜥḥ (imperfective)
r sꜥḥ (prospective)
sꜥḥ.n (active perfect)
sꜥḥw (passive perfect)
sꜥḥ (passive perfect)
sꜥḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sꜥḥt (terminative)
sꜥḥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sꜥḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sꜥḥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sꜥḥ (active prospective)
sꜥḥḥ (passive prospective)
sꜥḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sꜥḥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sꜥḥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sꜥḥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sꜥḥ (active participle perfective)
sꜥḥ (participle passive perfective)
sꜥḥw (participle passive perfective)
sꜥḥy (participle passive perfective)
sꜥḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
sꜥḥy (active imperfective participle relative)
sꜥḥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sꜥḥ (active imperfective participle)
sꜥḥj (active imperfective participle)
sꜥḥy (active imperfective participle)
sꜥḥ (imperfective participle passive)
sꜥḥw (imperfective participle passive)
sꜥḥ (active participle prospective relative)
sꜥḥtj (active participle prospective relative)
sꜥḥtj (participle prospective)
sꜥḥt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to wrap (the image of a god) in bandages

(intransitive, usually as part of a causative after rḏj) to be(come) distinguished or noble


bḥs

b-H-s-D40 3-lit. (canonical)
bḥs (infinitive)
bḥsw (infinitive negative)
bḥs (infinitive negative)
bḥst (infinitive)
bḥs (imperative infinitive singular)
bḥs (imperative infinitive plural)
bḥs (stative)
ḥr bḥs (imperfective)
m bḥs (imperfective)
r bḥs (prospective)
bḥs.n (active perfect)
bḥsw (passive perfect)
bḥs (passive perfect)
bḥs.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
bḥst (terminative)
bḥs (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
bḥs.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
bḥs (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
bḥs (active prospective)
bḥss (passive prospective)
bḥs.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
bḥs (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
bḥs.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
bḥs (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
bḥs (active participle perfective)
bḥs (participle passive perfective)
bḥsw (participle passive perfective)
bḥsy (participle passive perfective)
bḥs (active imperfective participle relative)
bḥsy (active imperfective participle relative)
bḥsw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
bḥs (active imperfective participle)
bḥsj (active imperfective participle)
bḥsy (active imperfective participle)
bḥs (imperfective participle passive)
bḥsw (imperfective participle passive)
bḥs (active participle prospective relative)
bḥstj (active participle prospective relative)
bḥstj (participle prospective)
bḥst (participle prospective)


ꜥq

aq-q:D54 2-lit. (canonical)
ꜥq (infinitive)
ꜥqw (infinitive negative)
ꜥq (infinitive negative)
ꜥqt (infinitive)
ꜥq (imperative infinitive singular)
j.ꜥq (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥq (imperative infinitive plural)
j.ꜥq (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥq (stative)
ḥr ꜥq (imperfective)
m ꜥq (imperfective)
r ꜥq (prospective)
ꜥq.n (active perfect)
ꜥq.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ꜥqt (active terminative)
ꜥq (active perfective)
ꜥq.ḫr (active obligative)
ꜥq (active imperfective)
j.ꜥq (active imperfective)
ꜥq (active prospective)
ꜥq.kꜣ (active potential)
ꜥq (active subjunctive)
j.ꜥq (active subjunctive)
ꜥq.n (active participle perfect)
ꜥq (active participle perfective)
ꜥqq (participle passive perfective)
ꜥqqj (participle passive perfective)
ꜥq (participle passive perfective)
ꜥqw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥqy (participle passive perfective)
j.ꜥq (active imperfective participle)
ꜥq (active imperfective participle)
ꜥqy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥqw (active imperfective participle)
j.ꜥqw (active imperfective participle)
ꜥqj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥq (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥqw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥq (active participle prospective)
ꜥqtj (active participle prospective)
ꜥqtj (participle prospective)
ꜥqt (participle prospective)

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE

aHa-a:n-aq-q-D54-k\-w-A1-Hr-Z1-I3-I3-G7-!-m:a-O35-n:A1-n:f-ini-N33C:Z2ss-p:n-ini-n:n-A1-m-Xn-n:nw-W-pr:n-N18:N23*Z1-p:n
ꜥḥꜥ.n(.j) ꜥq.kw ḥr jtj mz.n.j n.f jnw pn jn.n.j m ẖnw n(j) jw pn

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 174–175

Then I entered before the sovereign and presented him with those gifts (literally, “this getting”) that I had gotten within that island.

(intransitive) to enter (+ m: into; + r: to (a person); + ḥr: before or through; + n: to)


qrs

q:r-s-Q6 3-lit. (canonical)
qrs (infinitive)
qrsw (infinitive negative)
qrs (infinitive negative)
qrst (infinitive)
qrs (imperative infinitive singular)
qrs (imperative infinitive plural)
qrs (stative)
ḥr qrs (imperfective)
m qrs (imperfective)
r qrs (prospective)
qrs.n (active perfect)
qrsw (passive perfect)
qrs (passive perfect)
qrs.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
qrst (terminative)
qrs (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
qrs.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
qrs (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
qrs (active prospective)
qrss (passive prospective)
qrs.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
qrs (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
qrs.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
qrs (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
qrs (active participle perfective)
qrs (participle passive perfective)
qrsw (participle passive perfective)
qrsy (participle passive perfective)
qrs (active imperfective participle relative)
qrsy (active imperfective participle relative)
qrsw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
qrs (active imperfective participle)
qrsj (active imperfective participle)
qrsy (active imperfective participle)
qrs (imperfective participle passive)
qrsw (imperfective participle passive)
qrs (active participle prospective relative)
qrstj (active participle prospective relative)
qrstj (participle prospective)
qrst (participle prospective)

Demotic: qs

Bohairic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲥ (kōs)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲱⲥⲓ (kōōsi)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲱⲱⲥ (kōōs), ⲕⲱⲛⲥ (kōns), ⲕⲱⲱⲥⲉ (kōōse)

i-w-q:r-s-Y2*†:n-A1-i-A-A19-H-b-s-
-S28:n-A1-H-M16-A-i-i-S28 († The hieroglyph Y2 [sic] is inverted.)
jw qrs.n.j jꜣ(w) ḥbs.n.j hꜣy

c. 1930 BCE, Stela of Intef (British Museum, Egyptian Antiquities 562)

I buried the old and I clothed the naked.


jm

i-im-m-A2 2-lit. (canonical)
jm (infinitive)
jmw (infinitive negative)
jm (infinitive negative)
jmt (infinitive)
jm (imperative infinitive singular)
j.jm (imperative infinitive singular)
jm (imperative infinitive plural)
j.jm (imperative infinitive plural)
jm (stative)
ḥr jm (imperfective)
m jm (imperfective)
r jm (prospective)
jm.n (active perfect)
jm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
jmt (active terminative)
jm (active perfective)
jm.ḫr (active obligative)
jm (active imperfective)
j.jm (active imperfective)
jm (active prospective)
jm.kꜣ (active potential)
jm (active subjunctive)
j.jm (active subjunctive)
jm.n (active participle perfect)
jm (active participle perfective)
jmm (participle passive perfective)
jmmj (participle passive perfective)
jm (participle passive perfective)
jmw (participle passive perfective)
jmy (participle passive perfective)
j.jm (active imperfective participle)
jm (active imperfective participle)
jmy (active imperfective participle)
jmw (active imperfective participle)
j.jmw (active imperfective participle)
jmj (active imperfective participle)
jm (imperfective participle passive)
jmw (imperfective participle passive)
jm (active participle prospective)
jmtj (active participle prospective)
jmtj (participle prospective)
jmt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to moan, to groan, to wail, to lament (+ ḥr or m: over)


jb

ib:Z1 2-lit. (canonical)
jb (infinitive)
jbw (infinitive negative)
jb (infinitive negative)
jbt (infinitive)
jb (imperative infinitive singular)
j.jb (imperative infinitive singular)
jb (imperative infinitive plural)
j.jb (imperative infinitive plural)
jb (stative)
ḥr jb (imperfective)
m jb (imperfective)
r jb (prospective)
jb.n (active perfect)
jbw (passive perfect)
jb (passive perfect)
jb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jbt (terminative)
jb (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jb.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jb (active imperfective)
j.jb (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jb (active prospective)
jbb (passive prospective)
jb.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jb (active subjunctive)
j.jb (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jb.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jb (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jb (active participle perfective)
jbb (participle passive perfective)
jbbj (participle passive perfective)
jb (participle passive perfective)
jbw (participle passive perfective)
jby (participle passive perfective)
j.jb (active imperfective participle relative)
jb (active imperfective participle relative)
jby (active imperfective participle relative)
jbw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.jb (active imperfective participle)
j.jbw (active imperfective participle)
jb (active imperfective participle)
jbj (active imperfective participle)
jby (active imperfective participle)
jb (imperfective participle passive)
jbw (imperfective participle passive)
jb (active participle prospective relative)
jbtj (active participle prospective relative)
jbtj (participle prospective)
jbt (participle prospective)

Speculatively, from Proto-Afroasiatic *lib- (“heart”); as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking. If so, perhaps cognate with Proto-Semitic *libb- and Proto-Berber *ulβ.

ib-Z1-A1-r-n:N42-m-A24-km-m-t:niwt-H-t:D40-T14-m-W-A14:Z2ss
jb.j r nḥm kmt ḥ(w)t ꜥꜣmw

c. 1552 BCE, Kamose, Carnarvon Tablet I (Cairo JE 41790)

I intend to save Egypt and smite the Asiatics.

(intransitive, with r) to wish to, to intend to (do something)

(intransitive, with r) to wish for, to want, to desire (something)


jb

i-b-E8-A2 2-lit. (canonical)
jb (infinitive)
jbw (infinitive negative)
jb (infinitive negative)
jbt (infinitive)
jb (imperative infinitive singular)
j.jb (imperative infinitive singular)
jb (imperative infinitive plural)
j.jb (imperative infinitive plural)
jb (stative)
ḥr jb (imperfective)
m jb (imperfective)
r jb (prospective)
jb.n (active perfect)
jbw (passive perfect)
jb (passive perfect)
jb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jbt (terminative)
jb (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jb.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jb (active imperfective)
j.jb (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jb (active prospective)
jbb (passive prospective)
jb.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jb (active subjunctive)
j.jb (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jb.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jb (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jb (active participle perfective)
jbb (participle passive perfective)
jbbj (participle passive perfective)
jb (participle passive perfective)
jbw (participle passive perfective)
jby (participle passive perfective)
j.jb (active imperfective participle relative)
jb (active imperfective participle relative)
jby (active imperfective participle relative)
jbw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.jb (active imperfective participle)
j.jbw (active imperfective participle)
jb (active imperfective participle)
jbj (active imperfective participle)
jby (active imperfective participle)
jb (imperfective participle passive)
jbw (imperfective participle passive)
jb (active participle prospective relative)
jbtj (active participle prospective relative)
jbtj (participle prospective)
jbt (participle prospective)

i-b-E8-k\-w-A1-wA-A-w-mw-p*W:n-M14-wr-r:N36
jb.kw wꜣw pw n(j) wꜣḏ-wr

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 57–59


jnb

i-in:n-b-inb-D40 3-lit. (canonical)
jnb (infinitive)
jnbw (infinitive negative)
jnb (infinitive negative)
jnbt (infinitive)
jnb (imperative infinitive singular)
jnb (imperative infinitive plural)
jnb (stative)
ḥr jnb (imperfective)
m jnb (imperfective)
r jnb (prospective)
jnb.n (active perfect)
jnbw (passive perfect)
jnb (passive perfect)
jnb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jnbt (terminative)
jnb (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jnb.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jnb (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jnb (active prospective)
jnbb (passive prospective)
jnb.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jnb (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jnb.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jnb (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jnb (active participle perfective)
jnb (participle passive perfective)
jnbw (participle passive perfective)
jnby (participle passive perfective)
jnb (active imperfective participle relative)
jnby (active imperfective participle relative)
jnbw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jnb (active imperfective participle)
jnbj (active imperfective participle)
jnby (active imperfective participle)
jnb (imperfective participle passive)
jnbw (imperfective participle passive)
jnb (active participle prospective relative)
jnbtj (active participle prospective relative)
jnbtj (participle prospective)
jnbt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to separate with walls, to enclose with walls, to wall in


hꜣj

h-A-D54 3ae inf. (canonical)
hꜣt (infinitive)
hꜣj (infinitive)
hꜣw (infinitive negative)
hꜣ (infinitive negative)
hꜣwt (infinitive)
hꜣyt (infinitive)
hꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
hꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
hꜣy (imperative infinitive plural)
hꜣ (stative)
hꜣꜣ (stative)
ḥr hꜣt (imperfective)
ḥr hꜣj (imperfective)
m hꜣt (imperfective)
m hꜣj (imperfective)
r hꜣt (prospective)
r hꜣj (prospective)
hꜣ.n (active perfect)
hꜣw (passive perfect)
hꜣ (passive perfect)
hꜣy (passive perfect)
hꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
hꜣt (terminative)
hꜣyt (terminative)
hꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
hꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
hꜣ (active imperfective)
hꜣy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
hꜣw (active prospective)
hꜣ (active prospective)
hꜣy (active prospective)
hꜣw (passive prospective)
hꜣ (passive prospective)
hꜣy (passive prospective)
hꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
hꜣ (active subjunctive)
hꜣy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
hꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
hꜣw (active participle perfective relative)
hꜣy (active participle perfective relative)
hꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
hꜣ (active participle perfective)
hꜣy (participle passive perfective)
hꜣ (participle passive perfective)
hꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
hꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
hꜣꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
hꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle)
hꜣꜣj (active imperfective participle)
hꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle)
hꜣꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
hꜣꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
hꜣw (active participle prospective relative)
hꜣy (active participle prospective relative)
hꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
hꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
hꜣwtj (participle prospective)
hꜣtj (participle prospective)
hꜣt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

hꜣt, hꜣyt

hꜣw.tj1, hꜣ.tj1, hꜣy.tj1, hꜣw.tw2, hꜣ.tw2, hꜣy.tw2

Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲉⲓ (hei)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲉ (he)

Sometimes proposed to be from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *hVy/*hVw- (“to fall, to happen”), in which case it may be cognate with Arabic هوى (hawā, “to come down, to fall”) and Iraqw huu’ (“fall, drop”).

cog

h-A-D54:k\-w-A1-r-M14-wr-r:N36-m-d:p*t-P1-n:t-mH:a-V1-V20:V20-m-Aw-W-s-!-mH:a-V20:V20-V20:V20-m-s-x-w-D32-s-s-qd-d-A30-A1-V1-V20:V20-i-m-s-m-stp:Y2-n:km-m-t:niwt
hꜣ.kw r wꜣḏ-wr m dpt nt št-mḏwtj mḥ m ꜣw.s ḥmw mḥ m sḫw.s št-mḏwtj sqd jm.s m stp n(j) kmt

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 24–28

I had gone down to the sea in a boat of a hundred twenty cubits in length and forty cubits in breadth, with a hundred twenty sailors in it of the choice of Egypt.

m-a:t-W-A1-m-h-A-t:D54-r-km:t*niwt-r-ini-n:t-aq-W:H_SPACE-X4:Z2-i-m-n-Xrd-W-A1:B1-Z2ss:A1

c. 1800 BCE, The Eloquent Peasant, version R (pRamesseum A/pBerlin 10499, Recto) lines 1.2–1.3

Translation by J. P. Allen
Look, I am going down to Egypt to get provisions there for my children.

m.t wj m hꜣt r kmt r jnt ꜥqw jm n ẖrdw.j

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 129–130

ꜥḥꜥ.n sbꜣ hꜣ

(intransitive) to come, to walk (+ n or r: to (someone))

D35:n-t*W:t-A53-Y1:n:f-U2:ir-A-A-t:f-h-A-D54:f-r-Z1-T9:t*Z1-T14-A1:Z2ss-!-X:a-m-D54:f-r-Z1-DA-A-w-A24-Z2ss
nn twt n.f mꜣꜣ.t(w).f hꜣ.f r-pḏt(j)w ẖꜥm.f r-ḏꜣw

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 52–53

Translation by J. P. Allen
There is none equal to him when he is seen charging archers and engaging opposition.

(transitive) to charge upon, to fall upon (an enemy)


bkꜣ

b-kA-B2 3-lit. (canonical)
bkꜣ (infinitive)
bkꜣw (infinitive negative)
bkꜣ (infinitive negative)
bkꜣt (infinitive)
bkꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
bkꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
bkꜣ (stative)
ḥr bkꜣ (imperfective)
m bkꜣ (imperfective)
r bkꜣ (prospective)
bkꜣ.n (active perfect)
bkꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
bkꜣt (active terminative)
bkꜣ (active perfective)
bkꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
bkꜣ (active imperfective)
bkꜣ (active prospective)
bkꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
bkꜣ (active subjunctive)
bkꜣ.n (active participle perfect)
bkꜣ (active participle perfective)
bkꜣ (participle passive perfective)
bkꜣw (participle passive perfective)
bkꜣy (participle passive perfective)
bkꜣ (active imperfective participle)
bkꜣy (active imperfective participle)
bkꜣw (active imperfective participle)
bkꜣj (active imperfective participle)
bkꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
bkꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
bkꜣ (active participle prospective)
bkꜣtj (active participle prospective)
bkꜣtj (participle prospective)
bkꜣt (participle prospective)


wsn

w-s-n:D53 3-lit. (canonical)
wsn (infinitive)
wsnw (infinitive negative)
wsn (infinitive negative)
wsnt (infinitive)
wsn (imperative infinitive singular)
wsn (imperative infinitive plural)
wsn (stative)
ḥr wsn (imperfective)
m wsn (imperfective)
r wsn (prospective)
wsn.n (active perfect)
wsn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
wsnt (active terminative)
wsn (active perfective)
wsn.ḫr (active obligative)
wsn (active imperfective)
wsn (active prospective)
wsn.kꜣ (active potential)
wsn (active subjunctive)
wsn.n (active participle perfect)
wsn (active participle perfective)
wsn (participle passive perfective)
wsnw (participle passive perfective)
wsny (participle passive perfective)
wsn (active imperfective participle)
wsny (active imperfective participle)
wsnw (active imperfective participle)
wsnj (active imperfective participle)
wsn (imperfective participle passive)
wsnw (imperfective participle passive)
wsn (active participle prospective)
wsntj (active participle prospective)
wsntj (participle prospective)
wsnt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to fertilize, to procreate


ḫꜣtb

x-xA-A-t-b-D40 4-lit. (canonical)
ḫꜣtb (infinitive)
ḫꜣtbw (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣtb (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣtbt (infinitive)
ḫꜣtb (imperative infinitive singular)
ḫꜣtb (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫꜣtb (stative)
ḥr ḫꜣtb (imperfective)
m ḫꜣtb (imperfective)
r ḫꜣtb (prospective)
ḫꜣtb.n (active perfect)
ḫꜣtb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḫꜣtbt (active terminative)
ḫꜣtb (active perfective)
ḫꜣtb.ḫr (active obligative)
ḫꜣtb (active imperfective)
ḫꜣtbw (active prospective)
ḫꜣtb (active prospective)
ḫꜣtb.kꜣ (active potential)
ḫꜣtb (active subjunctive)
ḫꜣtb.n (active participle perfect)
ḫꜣtb (active participle perfective)
ḫꜣtb (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣtbw (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣtby (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣtb (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣtby (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣtbw (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣtbj (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣtb (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣtbw (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣtb (active participle prospective)
ḫꜣtbtj (active participle prospective)
ḫꜣtbwtj (participle prospective)
ḫꜣtbtj (participle prospective)
ḫꜣtbt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ḫꜣtbt

ḫꜣtbw.tj1, ḫꜣtb.tj1, ḫꜣtbw.tw2, ḫꜣtb.tw2

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume V, Providence: Brown University, PT 542.4 (Pyr. 1335a), P

(intransitive, always negated) to have mercy, to take pity (+ jm: to have mercy on, to spare)


jrj

ir 3ae inf. (canonical)
jrt (infinitive)
jrj (infinitive)
jrw (infinitive negative)
jr (infinitive negative)
jrwt (infinitive)
jryt (infinitive)
jr (imperative infinitive singular)
jr (imperative infinitive plural)
jry (imperative infinitive plural)
jr (stative)
jrr (stative)
ḥr jrt (imperfective)
ḥr jrj (imperfective)
m jrt (imperfective)
m jrj (imperfective)
r jrt (prospective)
r jrj (prospective)
jr.n (active perfect)
jrw (passive perfect)
jr (passive perfect)
jry (passive perfect)
jr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jrt (terminative)
jryt (terminative)
jr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jr (active imperfective)
jry (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jrw (active prospective)
jr (active prospective)
jry (active prospective)
jrw (passive prospective)
jr (passive prospective)
jry (passive prospective)
jr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jr (active subjunctive)
jry (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jrw (active participle perfective relative)
jry (active participle perfective relative)
jr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jr (active participle perfective)
jry (participle passive perfective)
jr (participle passive perfective)
jrr (active imperfective participle relative)
jrry (active imperfective participle relative)
jrrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jrr (active imperfective participle)
jrrj (active imperfective participle)
jrry (active imperfective participle)
jrr (imperfective participle passive)
jrrw (imperfective participle passive)
jrw (active participle prospective relative)
jry (active participle prospective relative)
jr (active participle prospective relative)
jrtj (active participle prospective relative)
jrwtj (participle prospective)
jrtj (participle prospective)
jrt (participle prospective)

jrt, jryt

jrw.tj1, jr.tj1, jry.tj1, jrw.tw2, jr.tw2, jry.tw2

Demotic: jr(y)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲣⲉ (eire)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲣⲓ (iri)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓⲗⲓ (ili)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲓⲣⲉ (ire)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲣⲉ (eire)

D35-r:x-Y1-n:t-w-xpr-r:*t-Z2:ir-r:*t-nTr-Z1-x*t:f-U35-A24-f

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) line 2.2

One cannot know what might come to be or what the god might do when he punishes.

(transitive) to do (an action) (+ r: against (someone); + n: for; + ḥnꜥ: with; + m: using, by means of)

ir-r:k\-m-x:r-t:Y2:Z2-ib*Z1:k\-s-wr-r:d-nDs-p-W-D:d-n:k\

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 20–21

Well, do whatever you want (literally, “as your desire”). It’s tiring to talk to you.

(intransitive) to act, to do (+ m or mj or ḫft: as, in accordance with; + mj: as, like)

ir:Dw-t-w-r:Sd:d-xrw-w-w-d:Z9:D40-q:n:nDs-z:p*zp:f-spr:r:D54-r:f
jr ḏwt r šd-ḫrw wd qn zp.f spr(.w) r.f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 22

Evil has been done to the Disturber (Set), he who committed violence; his misdeed has caught up with him.

(transitive) to do (good, evil, justice, wrong, etc.) (+ r: against (someone))

aHa-a:n-D:d-n:f-n:A1-m-ir-i-q:r-Y2-x:n-T35-m-s-A21-A1
ꜥḥꜥ.n ḏd.f n.j m jr(w) jqr ḫnms

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 183–184

Then he said to me, Don’t act so high-minded (literally, “Don’t act the excellent one”), friend.

ir:n-sn-t*B1:f-m:a-k:t:Y1:f-s-Hr:r-i-i-t:N31-xrw-w-A13:Z2-s-N41-m-t:D55-z:p*zp:H_SPACE*Z2ss-Sd:d:D40-xrw-w-m-Ax-x:H_SPACE-Y1:Z2:r*Z1-s
jr.n snt.f mkt.f sḥr{y}t ḫrww sḥmt zpw šd-ḫrw m ꜣḫw r(ꜣ).s

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 13–14

His sister has served as his protector, she who drove off the enemies, who put an end to the deeds of the Disturber (Set) by the magical prowess of her mouth

(transitive) to act as (a function), to act in the capacity of

to act as (a function), to act in the capacity of

(transitive) to make, to craft, to construct (concrete things) (+ m: from, out of)

z:t-Q7-N33A:n-A1-ir-w-N33A:Ba17s*N33A*Ba17as-n:A1-
-z:T30-m-D54:N33A-w-A1-xpr:r-w:N33A-m-H-a-F51*Z1:N33A-A1

c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, lines 1–2

Illuminate for me, those whom I made! Lead me, those who came into being through my flesh!

(transitive, of gods) to create, to bring into being with divine power

to create, to bring into being with divine power

st-t:H8-x-Ax-t:H_SPACE-nD-nw*t:Y1-sn-A40-s-H-H-t:D54-sw-w-D35:t*t-b-g:g-A7:z-
-pXr:r:t*D54-N17:N21*Z1-p:n-m-HA-i-i-t:nDs-D35:x:n-xn-D54:n:z-D35:gm-m-t-w-s-sw-w-
-ir:t-Sw-w&t-ra:Z2ss-m-Sw-w-t:H5:Z2:z-s-xpr:t-TAw-m-H5:H5:z-ir:t:h:n-nw-w-A32-mn:n-i-t:P11-sn-A40-s
ꜣst ꜣḫt nḏt sn.s ḥḥt sw jwtt b(ꜣ)gg.s pẖrt tꜣ pn m ḥꜣyt nj ḫn.n.s nj gm.tw.s sw jrt šwt m šwwt.s sḫprt ṯꜣw m ḏnḥwj.s jrt hnw mjnt sn.s

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 14–15

capable Isis who saved her brother, who sought him without wearying, who circled this land in mourning, not alighting so long as he was not found, who made shade with her feathers, who brought about breath with her wings, who made acclamation, a mooring-post for her brother

(transitive) to make, to bring about (intangible or abstract things)

to make, to bring about (intangible or abstract things)

(transitive) to make, to issue, to promulgate (laws, decrees, prescriptions, commands) (+ n: for (someone); + r: against (someone))

(transitive) to write (texts, documents)

s-T:z:t-U39-M22-M22-nw-w-A7:Z2-n:wr:r:d-A7:ib*Z1-x:n:p:t*fnD-N35B:f-ir:t:E9-a:w*F44-
-Sd:d:t*D27-n:x:n-Xrd-m-wa:a:a-w-D35:r:x:Y1-b-w:f-i-m-b-s-t:K5:D54-sw-w-a*Z1:f-n&xt-w-m-Xn-nw:pr-
-gb-b
sṯzt nnw n(j) wrd(w)-jb ḫnpt mw.f jrt jwꜥw šdt nḫn m wꜥꜥw nj rḫ bw.f jm bst sw ꜥ.f nḫtw m ẖnw wsḫt gbb

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 16–17

who raised the limpness of the weary-hearted, who took in his water (semen), who made an heir, who suckled the child in solitude where his location was unknown, who introduced him when his arm grew strong into the hall of Geb.

(transitive) to make
(transitive) to beget (children)

(transitive) to erect, to build (buildings and monuments)

to erect, to build (buildings and monuments)

k\-A-w-N33C:Z2-i-m-H-n:a-n:q-w:*t-N33C:Z2-O43-p:t-N33C:Z2-mi-i-ir-t-s
kꜣw jm ḥnꜥ nq(ꜥ)wt sšpt mj jr.t(w).s

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 49–50

Unripe sycamore figs were there along with ripe ones, and muskmelons as if cultivated.

(transitive) to cultivate, to grow (plants)

(transitive) to make
(transitive) to work (fields)

(transitive) to lay out (gardens and pools)

(transitive) to prepare (food and drink)

ir:n-A1-h:r-w-hrw-Z1-Z1-Z1-wa:a-Z1*nDs:k\-W-A1-ib-Z1-A1-m-sn-n:nw-w-A1-Z1-Z1-A1-
-z-Dr:r-A55:k\-w-A1-m-Xn:n-nw*W:pr-n:k\-A-p:V19-pr:n-xt:t*Z1-q:n-i-D32-a:n-A1-H6A-W-i-i-t-ra
jr.n.j ḫmtw hrw wꜥ.kw jb.j m snnw.j sḏr.kw m ẖnw n(j) kꜣp n(j) ḫt qnj.n.j šwyt

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 41–45

I spent three days alone, my heart my only companion (literally, “my second”), lying inside a shelter of wood, having embraced the shadows.

(transitive) to pass (time), to spend (time)

(transitive) to perform, to undertake (a specified procedure with a defined endpoint)

(transitive) to carry out, to execute (a command, decree, etc.) (+ r: against or regarding (someone))

(transitive) to perform, to make, to offer (a sacrifice)

to perform, to make, to offer (a sacrifice)

(transitive) to perform, to carry out (a ceremony)

(transitive, medicine) to prepare and apply, to use (a medicine or remedy)

to prepare and apply, to use (a medicine or remedy)

(transitive) to perform (a miracle or wonder)

(transitive, mathematics) to work out (a value or calculation)

(transitive) to achieve (a purpose or result)

(transitive) to recite (a spell, praise, or text), to read or speak aloud

(transitive, medicine) to treat (a sickness or ailment)

(transitive) to appoint (priests or officials) (+ n: to appoint (someone))

(transitive) to gather, to marshal (troops, armies, herds)

to gather, to marshal (troops, armies, herds)

(transitive) to gather, to acquire, to amass (cattle, grain, or slaves)

(transitive, with m) to make into, turn into, change into (something); also, to put into (writing)

(intransitive with r or ḥr or transitive) to make for, to steer towards (a place or direction)

to make for, to steer towards (a place or direction)

(Late Egyptian, catenative, with a verb in the subjunctive) to cause, make, let, allow

(Late Egyptian, transitive, with prefixed j. and following infinitive) forms the imperfective active participle

forms the imperfective active participle

with prefixed j. and following infinitive

(Late Egyptian, transitive, with prefixed j. and following infinitive) forms the perfective active and passive participles, initially of verbs with four or more radicals, but after the New Kingdom increasingly of other verbs as well


wnt

From the terminative of wnn (“to exist”).


ptr

p*t:r-M4-D6 3-lit. (canonical)
ptr (infinitive)
ptrw (infinitive negative)
ptr (infinitive negative)
ptrt (infinitive)
ptr (imperative infinitive singular)
ptr (imperative infinitive plural)
ptr (stative)
ḥr ptr (imperfective)
m ptr (imperfective)
r ptr (prospective)
ptr.n (active perfect)
ptrw (passive perfect)
ptr (passive perfect)
ptr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ptrt (terminative)
ptr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ptr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ptr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ptr (active prospective)
ptrr (passive prospective)
ptr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ptr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ptr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ptr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ptr (active participle perfective)
ptr (participle passive perfective)
ptrw (participle passive perfective)
ptry (participle passive perfective)
ptr (active imperfective participle relative)
ptry (active imperfective participle relative)
ptrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ptr (active imperfective participle)
ptrj (active imperfective participle)
ptry (active imperfective participle)
ptr (imperfective participle passive)
ptrw (imperfective participle passive)
ptr (active participle prospective relative)
ptrtj (active participle prospective relative)
ptrtj (participle prospective)
ptrt (participle prospective)


jnk

i-n:k:D49 3-lit. (canonical)
jnk (infinitive)
jnkw (infinitive negative)
jnk (infinitive negative)
jnkt (infinitive)
jnk (imperative infinitive singular)
jnk (imperative infinitive plural)
jnk (stative)
ḥr jnk (imperfective)
m jnk (imperfective)
r jnk (prospective)
jnk.n (active perfect)
jnkw (passive perfect)
jnk (passive perfect)
jnk.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jnkt (terminative)
jnk (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jnk.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jnk (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jnk (active prospective)
jnkk (passive prospective)
jnk.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jnk (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jnk.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jnk (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jnk (active participle perfective)
jnk (participle passive perfective)
jnkw (participle passive perfective)
jnky (participle passive perfective)
jnk (active imperfective participle relative)
jnky (active imperfective participle relative)
jnkw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jnk (active imperfective participle)
jnkj (active imperfective participle)
jnky (active imperfective participle)
jnk (imperfective participle passive)
jnkw (imperfective participle passive)
jnk (active participle prospective relative)
jnktj (active participle prospective relative)
jnktj (participle prospective)
jnkt (participle prospective)

Wilson suggests an origin in a later development of jnq (“to embrace”). Also compare jkn (“to seize”), which may be a further development of this word.


wn

wn-n:O31 2-lit. (canonical)
wn (infinitive)
wnw (infinitive negative)
wn (infinitive negative)
wnt (infinitive)
wn (imperative infinitive singular)
j.wn (imperative infinitive singular)
wn (imperative infinitive plural)
j.wn (imperative infinitive plural)
wn (stative)
ḥr wn (imperfective)
m wn (imperfective)
r wn (prospective)
wn.n (active perfect)
wnw (passive perfect)
wn (passive perfect)
wn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
wnt (terminative)
wn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
wn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
wn (active imperfective)
j.wn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
wn (active prospective)
wnn (passive prospective)
wn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
wn (active subjunctive)
j.wn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
wn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
wn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
wn (active participle perfective)
wnn (participle passive perfective)
wnnj (participle passive perfective)
wn (participle passive perfective)
wnw (participle passive perfective)
wny (participle passive perfective)
j.wn (active imperfective participle relative)
wn (active imperfective participle relative)
wny (active imperfective participle relative)
wnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.wn (active imperfective participle)
j.wnw (active imperfective participle)
wn (active imperfective participle)
wnj (active imperfective participle)
wny (active imperfective participle)
wn (imperfective participle passive)
wnw (imperfective participle passive)
wn (active participle prospective relative)
wntj (active participle prospective relative)
wntj (participle prospective)
wnt (participle prospective)

Demotic: wn

Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱⲛ (ouōn)

wn:n-O31:a-n:N33A-n:k-O31:O31-m-b-n-tyw-
N33A

c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 9

We open the double doors to you as baboons.

(intransitive) to open up, to permit access to oneself, to open the door (+ n: for (someone))

(transitive, rare) to unlatch (a bolt or latch)

wn-n:O31-a-Xn:n-S28-n-g-r-w-A2-A1-
-w-z:x-W10-Y1-st-t-pr-n:t-h-r-Y1-A1-m-md-d-w-w-A2

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.1–1.2

The tent is open to the quiet man; the place of the man calm in speech is broad.

(transitive) to open the way into (a place), to open up, to make (a building, fortress, city, sanctum, tomb, cavern, land, the sky, the underworld, etc.) freely accessible

N31:t*Z1-z:S:Z9*D54-ti-i-m:a-T:n:nw-w-Z2ss:H_SPACE-wn:O31
wꜣt zš.tj mṯnw wn(.w)

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 23

The road is traversable, the paths are open.

(transitive) to open (a path), to make traversable

(transitive) to spread wide, to open (one’s hands, arms, etc.)

(transitive) to open (one’s eyes, nose, mouth, etc.)

(transitive) to stretch (one’s legs) out for walking

(transitive, Late Egyptian) to let (someone) out of confinement, to release

(transitive, Late Egyptian, of thieves) to break in to, to forcibly open (a building)


rs

r-s-U40-ir 2-lit. (canonical)
rs (infinitive)
rsw (infinitive negative)
rs (infinitive negative)
rst (infinitive)
rs (imperative infinitive singular)
j.rs (imperative infinitive singular)
rs (imperative infinitive plural)
j.rs (imperative infinitive plural)
rs (stative)
ḥr rs (imperfective)
m rs (imperfective)
r rs (prospective)
rs.n (active perfect)
rs.jn (active consecutive contingent)
rst (active terminative)
rs (active perfective)
rs.ḫr (active obligative)
rs (active imperfective)
j.rs (active imperfective)
rs (active prospective)
rs.kꜣ (active potential)
rs (active subjunctive)
j.rs (active subjunctive)
rs.n (active participle perfect)
rs (active participle perfective)
rss (participle passive perfective)
rssj (participle passive perfective)
rs (participle passive perfective)
rsw (participle passive perfective)
rsy (participle passive perfective)
j.rs (active imperfective participle)
rs (active imperfective participle)
rsy (active imperfective participle)
rsw (active imperfective participle)
j.rsw (active imperfective participle)
rsj (active imperfective participle)
rs (imperfective participle passive)
rsw (imperfective participle passive)
rs (active participle prospective)
rstj (active participle prospective)
rstj (participle prospective)
rst (participle prospective)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲣⲟⲉⲓⲥ (roeis)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲣⲱⲓⲥ (rōis), ⲣⲱⲥ (rōs)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲗⲁⲉⲓⲥ (laeis), ⲗⲁⲓⲥ (lais), ⲣⲁⲓⲥ (rais)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲣⲁⲓⲥ (rais)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲣⲁⲉⲓⲥ (raeis)

(intransitive) to be(come) awake, to awaken


jdr

i-d:r-idr 3-lit. (canonical)
jdr (infinitive)
jdrw (infinitive negative)
jdr (infinitive negative)
jdrt (infinitive)
jdr (imperative infinitive singular)
jdr (imperative infinitive plural)
jdr (stative)
ḥr jdr (imperfective)
m jdr (imperfective)
r jdr (prospective)
jdr.n (active perfect)
jdrw (passive perfect)
jdr (passive perfect)
jdr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jdrt (terminative)
jdr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jdr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jdr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jdr (active prospective)
jdrr (passive prospective)
jdr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jdr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jdr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jdr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jdr (active participle perfective)
jdr (participle passive perfective)
jdrw (participle passive perfective)
jdry (participle passive perfective)
jdr (active imperfective participle relative)
jdry (active imperfective participle relative)
jdrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jdr (active imperfective participle)
jdrj (active imperfective participle)
jdry (active imperfective participle)
jdr (imperfective participle passive)
jdrw (imperfective participle passive)
jdr (active participle prospective relative)
jdrtj (active participle prospective relative)
jdrtj (participle prospective)
jdrt (participle prospective)


jdr

i-d:idr 3-lit. (canonical)
jdr (infinitive)
jdrw (infinitive negative)
jdr (infinitive negative)
jdrt (infinitive)
jdr (imperative infinitive singular)
jdr (imperative infinitive plural)
jdr (stative)
ḥr jdr (imperfective)
m jdr (imperfective)
r jdr (prospective)
jdr.n (active perfect)
jdrw (passive perfect)
jdr (passive perfect)
jdr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jdrt (terminative)
jdr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jdr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jdr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jdr (active prospective)
jdrr (passive prospective)
jdr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jdr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jdr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jdr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jdr (active participle perfective)
jdr (participle passive perfective)
jdrw (participle passive perfective)
jdry (participle passive perfective)
jdr (active imperfective participle relative)
jdry (active imperfective participle relative)
jdrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jdr (active imperfective participle)
jdrj (active imperfective participle)
jdry (active imperfective participle)
jdr (imperfective participle passive)
jdrw (imperfective participle passive)
jdr (active participle prospective relative)
jdrtj (active participle prospective relative)
jdrtj (participle prospective)
jdrt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to withhold
(with m) to withhold from (someone)


ꜣbw

Ab-b-w-Q7 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜣbw (infinitive)
ꜣbww (infinitive negative)
ꜣbw (infinitive negative)
ꜣbwt (infinitive)
ꜣbw (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣbw (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣbw (stative)
ḥr ꜣbw (imperfective)
m ꜣbw (imperfective)
r ꜣbw (prospective)
ꜣbw.n (active perfect)
ꜣbww (passive perfect)
ꜣbw (passive perfect)
ꜣbw.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜣbwt (terminative)
ꜣbw (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜣbw.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜣbw (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜣbw (active prospective)
ꜣbw (passive prospective)
ꜣbw.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜣbw (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜣbw.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜣbw (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜣbw (active participle perfective)
ꜣbw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣbww (participle passive perfective)
ꜣbwy (participle passive perfective)
ꜣbw (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣbwy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣbww (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜣbw (active imperfective participle)
ꜣbwj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣbwy (active imperfective participle)
ꜣbw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣbww (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣbw (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣbwtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣbwtj (participle prospective)
ꜣbwt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to brand (cattle or slaves) (+ m or + ḥr: to brand with (a seal or name, etc.))


bꜣ

bA 2-lit. (canonical)
bꜣ (infinitive)
bꜣw (infinitive negative)
bꜣ (infinitive negative)
bꜣt (infinitive)
bꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.bꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
bꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.bꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
bꜣ (stative)
ḥr bꜣ (imperfective)
m bꜣ (imperfective)
r bꜣ (prospective)
bꜣ.n (active perfect)
bꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
bꜣt (active terminative)
bꜣ (active perfective)
bꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
bꜣ (active imperfective)
j.bꜣ (active imperfective)
bꜣ (active prospective)
bꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
bꜣ (active subjunctive)
j.bꜣ (active subjunctive)
bꜣ.n (active participle perfect)
bꜣ (active participle perfective)
bꜣꜣ (participle passive perfective)
bꜣꜣj (participle passive perfective)
bꜣ (participle passive perfective)
bꜣw (participle passive perfective)
bꜣy (participle passive perfective)
j.bꜣ (active imperfective participle)
bꜣ (active imperfective participle)
bꜣy (active imperfective participle)
bꜣw (active imperfective participle)
j.bꜣw (active imperfective participle)
bꜣj (active imperfective participle)
bꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
bꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
bꜣ (active participle prospective)
bꜣtj (active participle prospective)
bꜣtj (participle prospective)
bꜣt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to be(come) an animate, efficacious soul, to possess a ba or ba-power


bꜣ

b-bA-A-U7:D40 2-lit. (canonical)
bꜣ (infinitive)
bꜣw (infinitive negative)
bꜣ (infinitive negative)
bꜣt (infinitive)
bꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.bꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
bꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.bꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
bꜣ (stative)
ḥr bꜣ (imperfective)
m bꜣ (imperfective)
r bꜣ (prospective)
bꜣ.n (active perfect)
bꜣw (passive perfect)
bꜣ (passive perfect)
bꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
bꜣt (terminative)
bꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
bꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
bꜣ (active imperfective)
j.bꜣ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
bꜣ (active prospective)
bꜣꜣ (passive prospective)
bꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
bꜣ (active subjunctive)
j.bꜣ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
bꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
bꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
bꜣ (active participle perfective)
bꜣꜣ (participle passive perfective)
bꜣꜣj (participle passive perfective)
bꜣ (participle passive perfective)
bꜣw (participle passive perfective)
bꜣy (participle passive perfective)
j.bꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
bꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
bꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
bꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.bꜣ (active imperfective participle)
j.bꜣw (active imperfective participle)
bꜣ (active imperfective participle)
bꜣj (active imperfective participle)
bꜣy (active imperfective participle)
bꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
bꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
bꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
bꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
bꜣtj (participle prospective)
bꜣt (participle prospective)


pꜣj

p-pA-A-H5 3ae inf. (canonical)
pꜣt (infinitive)
pꜣj (infinitive)
pꜣw (infinitive negative)
pꜣ (infinitive negative)
pꜣwt (infinitive)
pꜣyt (infinitive)
pꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
pꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
pꜣy (imperative infinitive plural)
pꜣ (stative)
ḥr pꜣt (imperfective)
ḥr pꜣj (imperfective)
m pꜣt (imperfective)
m pꜣj (imperfective)
r pꜣt (prospective)
r pꜣj (prospective)
pꜣ.n (active perfect)
pꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
pꜣt (active terminative)
pꜣyt (active terminative)
pꜣ (active perfective)
pꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
pꜣ (active imperfective)
pꜣy (active imperfective)
pꜣw (active prospective)
pꜣ (active prospective)
pꜣy (active prospective)
pꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
pꜣ (active subjunctive)
pꜣy (active subjunctive)
pꜣ.n (active participle perfect)
pꜣw (active participle perfective)
pꜣy (active participle perfective)
pꜣ (active participle perfective)
pꜣy (participle passive perfective)
pꜣ (participle passive perfective)
pꜣ (active imperfective participle)
pꜣy (active imperfective participle)
pꜣw (active imperfective participle)
pꜣj (active imperfective participle)
pꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
pꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
pꜣw (active participle prospective)
pꜣy (active participle prospective)
pꜣ (active participle prospective)
pꜣtj (active participle prospective)
pꜣwtj (participle prospective)
pꜣtj (participle prospective)
pꜣt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

pꜣt, pꜣyt

pꜣw.tj1, pꜣ.tj1, pꜣy.tj1, pꜣw.tw2, pꜣ.tw2, pꜣy.tw2

Compare with Classical Syriac ܦܪܚ (peraḥ).


ꜥẖj

a:X-H5 3ae inf. (canonical)
ꜥẖt (infinitive)
ꜥẖj (infinitive)
ꜥẖw (infinitive negative)
ꜥẖ (infinitive negative)
ꜥẖwt (infinitive)
ꜥẖyt (infinitive)
ꜥẖ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥẖ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥẖy (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥẖ (stative)
ꜥẖẖ (stative)
ḥr ꜥẖt (imperfective)
ḥr ꜥẖj (imperfective)
m ꜥẖt (imperfective)
m ꜥẖj (imperfective)
r ꜥẖt (prospective)
r ꜥẖj (prospective)
ꜥẖ.n (active perfect)
ꜥẖw (passive perfect)
ꜥẖ (passive perfect)
ꜥẖy (passive perfect)
ꜥẖ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜥẖt (terminative)
ꜥẖyt (terminative)
ꜥẖ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜥẖ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜥẖ (active imperfective)
ꜥẖy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜥẖw (active prospective)
ꜥẖ (active prospective)
ꜥẖy (active prospective)
ꜥẖw (passive prospective)
ꜥẖ (passive prospective)
ꜥẖy (passive prospective)
ꜥẖ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜥẖ (active subjunctive)
ꜥẖy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜥẖ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜥẖw (active participle perfective relative)
ꜥẖy (active participle perfective relative)
ꜥẖ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜥẖ (active participle perfective)
ꜥẖy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥẖ (participle passive perfective)
ꜥẖẖ (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥẖẖy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥẖẖw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜥẖẖ (active imperfective participle)
ꜥẖẖj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥẖẖy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥẖẖ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥẖẖw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥẖw (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥẖy (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥẖ (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥẖtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥẖwtj (participle prospective)
ꜥẖtj (participle prospective)
ꜥẖt (participle prospective)

ꜥẖt, ꜥẖyt

ḥr ꜥẖt, ḥr ꜥẖj

ꜥẖw, ꜥẖ, ꜥẖy

ꜥẖw, ꜥẖ, ꜥẖy

ꜥẖw, ꜥẖ, ꜥẖy

ꜥẖw.tj1, ꜥẖ.tj1, ꜥẖy.tj1, ꜥẖw.tw2, ꜥẖ.tw2, ꜥẖy.tw2

ꜥẖw1, ꜥẖy, ꜥẖ

ꜥẖẖ, ꜥẖẖy, ꜥẖẖw5

ꜥẖẖ, ꜥẖẖj6, ꜥẖẖy6

(intransitive) to fly (+ m: from, out of (a place); + r: to (a place))

b-i-k-G6-a:X-H5:f-H-n:a-T18-s-W-D54:A1-Z2:f-D35:n-r:D37-t:r*-x:Y1-s*t-A12-A1:Z2-f

c. 1800 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version R (pRamesseum A/pBerlin 10499, Verso)

The falcon flew off together with his retinue without letting his army know about it.

bjk ꜥẖj.f ḥnꜥ šmsw.f nn rḏjt rḫ st mšꜥ.f


gmj

gm-m 3ae inf. (canonical)
gmt (infinitive)
gmj (infinitive)
gmw (infinitive negative)
gm (infinitive negative)
gmwt (infinitive)
gmyt (infinitive)
gm (imperative infinitive singular)
gm (imperative infinitive plural)
gmy (imperative infinitive plural)
gm (stative)
gmm (stative)
ḥr gmt (imperfective)
ḥr gmj (imperfective)
m gmt (imperfective)
m gmj (imperfective)
r gmt (prospective)
r gmj (prospective)
gm.n (active perfect)
gmw (passive perfect)
gm (passive perfect)
gmy (passive perfect)
gm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
gmt (terminative)
gmyt (terminative)
gm (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
gm.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
gm (active imperfective)
gmy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
gmw (active prospective)
gm (active prospective)
gmy (active prospective)
gmw (passive prospective)
gm (passive prospective)
gmy (passive prospective)
gm.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
gm (active subjunctive)
gmy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
gm.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
gmw (active participle perfective relative)
gmy (active participle perfective relative)
gm (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
gm (active participle perfective)
gmy (participle passive perfective)
gm (participle passive perfective)
gmm (active imperfective participle relative)
gmmy (active imperfective participle relative)
gmmw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
gmm (active imperfective participle)
gmmj (active imperfective participle)
gmmy (active imperfective participle)
gmm (imperfective participle passive)
gmmw (imperfective participle passive)
gmw (active participle prospective relative)
gmy (active participle prospective relative)
gm (active participle prospective relative)
gmtj (active participle prospective relative)
gmwtj (participle prospective)
gmtj (participle prospective)
gmt (participle prospective)

gmt, gmyt

gmw.tj1, gm.tj1, gmy.tj1, gmw.tw2, gm.tw2, gmy.tw2

Demotic: gm

Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲓⲙⲓ (čimi)

Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲓⲛⲉ (cine)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ϭⲓⲙⲓ (cimi), ϭⲓⲛⲓ (cini), ϫⲓⲛⲓ (čini), ϭⲓⲛⲉ (cine)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϭⲓⲛⲉ (cine)

Akhmimic Coptic: ϭⲓⲛⲉ (cine)

[Old Kingdom,Middle Kingdom,Late Period, Greco-Roman Period]

st-t:H8-x-Ax-t:H_SPACE-nD-nw*t:Y1-sn-A40-s-H-H-t:D54-sw-w-D35:t*t-b-g:g-A7:z-!-pXr:r:t*D54-N17:N21*Z1-p:n-m-HA-i-i-t:nDs-D35:x:n-xn-D54:n:z-D35:gm-m-t-w-s-sw-w
ꜣst ꜣḫt nḏt sn.s ḥḥt sw jwtt b(ꜣ)gg.s pẖrt tꜣ pn m ḥꜣyt nj ḫn.n.s nj gm.tw.s sw

capable Isis who saved her brother, who sought him without wearying, who circled this land in mourning, not alighting so long as he was not found

(transitive, also used with a genitive or r) To find a way to go.

(with a genitive) To find a way to do something.

(transitive) To find a way out (of difficulties, etc.).

gm-m-n:A1-d-A-b-M43-N33C:Z2-i-A-r:*r-t:D5-N33C:Z2-i-m-i-A-q-t-Hn-Z3A-nb:t-A51-s-t-Y2

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 47–48

I found figs and grapes there, and splendid vegetables of all kinds.

(transitive) To come across, happen upon.

k\:f-S28-n:A1-Hr-Z1-A1-gm-m-n:A1-H-f:A-w-I14-p-w-i-w-f-m-ii-i-t:D54

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 60–62

When I uncovered my face, I found it was a snake. He was coming!

(transitive) To ascertain, discern, recognize.

s-r:w-d:T12:n-gm:t*n-w:z-T:nDs-V14:z:Tz:n-gm:t*n-f:d:q-V1-mH:Y1:n-gm:t*n-i*A:T
srwd.n(.j) gmt.n(.j) wzṯ(.w) ṯz.n(.j) gmt.n(.j) fdq(.w) mḥ.n(.j) gmt.n(.j) jꜣṯ(.w)

c. 2112–2063 BCE (reign of Intef II), Funerary stele of Rediu-Khnum from his tomb at Dendera (UE 6) (Cairo CG 20543), line A13–A14

I made firm what I found dilapidated; I joined together what I found cut apart; I replenished what I found injured.

aHa-a:n-Sm-m-D54-k\-w-A1-r-s-mi-i-t-A2-s-t-gm-m-n:A1-sw-W-r:x-Y2-s-t

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) line 157

Then I went to report it but found him (already) aware of it.

(transitive) To determine or find to be in a particular state.

gm:M-n:t*w-G5-xrw-f:mAa:a-w-r:a-w-n:f-t-O44-Z1-n:t:t:f
gm.n.tw ḥr ḫrw.f mꜣꜥ.w rdjw n.f jꜣwt nt (j)t.f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 18

Horus was found justified; the office of his father was given to him.

(transitive) To officially establish or determine; to judge, to rule.

(transitive) To calculate (a numerical result).

(transitive) To achieve, receive (a position).

(intransitive, of a limb) To know how to use properly.

(catenative, generally negated) To be able to.


gwš

g-w-S:D4 3-lit. (canonical)
gwš (infinitive)
gwšw (infinitive negative)
gwš (infinitive negative)
gwšt (infinitive)
gwš (imperative infinitive singular)
gwš (imperative infinitive plural)
gwš (stative)
ḥr gwš (imperfective)
m gwš (imperfective)
r gwš (prospective)
gwš.n (active perfect)
gwšw (passive perfect)
gwš (passive perfect)
gwš.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
gwšt (terminative)
gwš (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
gwš.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
gwš (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
gwš (active prospective)
gwšš (passive prospective)
gwš.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
gwš (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
gwš.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
gwš (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
gwš (active participle perfective)
gwš (participle passive perfective)
gwšw (participle passive perfective)
gwšy (participle passive perfective)
gwš (active imperfective participle relative)
gwšy (active imperfective participle relative)
gwšw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
gwš (active imperfective participle)
gwšj (active imperfective participle)
gwšy (active imperfective participle)
gwš (imperfective participle passive)
gwšw (imperfective participle passive)
gwš (active participle prospective relative)
gwštj (active participle prospective relative)
gwštj (participle prospective)
gwšt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to be(come) twisted, bent, askew


ḫnms

x:n-nm-m-s-A21-Y1 4-lit. (canonical)
ḫnms (infinitive)
ḫnmsw (infinitive negative)
ḫnms (infinitive negative)
ḫnmst (infinitive)
ḫnms (imperative infinitive singular)
ḫnms (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫnms (stative)
ḥr ḫnms (imperfective)
m ḫnms (imperfective)
r ḫnms (prospective)
ḫnms.n (active perfect)
ḫnmsw (passive perfect)
ḫnms (passive perfect)
ḫnms.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḫnmst (terminative)
ḫnms (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḫnms.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḫnms (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḫnmsw (active prospective)
ḫnms (active prospective)
ḫnmsw (passive prospective)
ḫnms (passive prospective)
ḫnms.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḫnms (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḫnms.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḫnms (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḫnms (active participle perfective)
ḫnms (participle passive perfective)
ḫnmsw (participle passive perfective)
ḫnmsy (participle passive perfective)
ḫnms (active imperfective participle relative)
ḫnmsy (active imperfective participle relative)
ḫnmsw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḫnms (active imperfective participle)
ḫnmsj (active imperfective participle)
ḫnmsy (active imperfective participle)
ḫnms (imperfective participle passive)
ḫnmsw (imperfective participle passive)
ḫnms (active participle prospective relative)
ḫnmstj (active participle prospective relative)
ḫnmswtj (participle prospective)
ḫnmstj (participle prospective)
ḫnmst (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ḫnmst

ḫnmsw.tj1, ḫnms.tj1, ḫnmsw.tw2, ḫnms.tw2


šꜣ

SA-A-Y1 2-lit. (canonical)
3ae inf. (canonical)
šꜣ (infinitive)
šꜣw (infinitive negative)
šꜣ (infinitive negative)
šꜣt (infinitive)
šꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.šꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
šꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.šꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
šꜣ (stative)
ḥr šꜣ (imperfective)
m šꜣ (imperfective)
r šꜣ (prospective)
šꜣ.n (active perfect)
šꜣw (passive perfect)
šꜣ (passive perfect)
šꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
šꜣt (terminative)
šꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
šꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
šꜣ (active imperfective)
j.šꜣ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
šꜣ (active prospective)
šꜣꜣ (passive prospective)
šꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
šꜣ (active subjunctive)
j.šꜣ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
šꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
šꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
šꜣ (active participle perfective)
šꜣꜣ (participle passive perfective)
šꜣꜣj (participle passive perfective)
šꜣ (participle passive perfective)
šꜣw (participle passive perfective)
šꜣy (participle passive perfective)
j.šꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
šꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
šꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
šꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.šꜣ (active imperfective participle)
j.šꜣw (active imperfective participle)
šꜣ (active imperfective participle)
šꜣj (active imperfective participle)
šꜣy (active imperfective participle)
šꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
šꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
šꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
šꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
šꜣtj (participle prospective)
šꜣt (participle prospective)
šꜣt (infinitive)
šꜣj (infinitive)
šꜣw (infinitive negative)
šꜣ (infinitive negative)
šꜣwt (infinitive)
šꜣyt (infinitive)
šꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
šꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
šꜣy (imperative infinitive plural)
šꜣ (stative)
šꜣꜣ (stative)
ḥr šꜣt (imperfective)
ḥr šꜣj (imperfective)
m šꜣt (imperfective)
m šꜣj (imperfective)
r šꜣt (prospective)
r šꜣj (prospective)
šꜣ.n (active perfect)
šꜣw (passive perfect)
šꜣ (passive perfect)
šꜣy (passive perfect)
šꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
šꜣt (terminative)
šꜣyt (terminative)
šꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
šꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
šꜣ (active imperfective)
šꜣy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
šꜣw (active prospective)
šꜣ (active prospective)
šꜣy (active prospective)
šꜣw (passive prospective)
šꜣ (passive prospective)
šꜣy (passive prospective)
šꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
šꜣ (active subjunctive)
šꜣy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
šꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
šꜣw (active participle perfective relative)
šꜣy (active participle perfective relative)
šꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
šꜣ (active participle perfective)
šꜣy (participle passive perfective)
šꜣ (participle passive perfective)
šꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
šꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
šꜣꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
šꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle)
šꜣꜣj (active imperfective participle)
šꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle)
šꜣꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
šꜣꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
šꜣw (active participle prospective relative)
šꜣy (active participle prospective relative)
šꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
šꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
šꜣwtj (participle prospective)
šꜣtj (participle prospective)
šꜣt (participle prospective)

šꜣt, šꜣyt

ḥr šꜣt, ḥr šꜣj

šꜣw, šꜣ, šꜣy

šꜣw, šꜣ, šꜣy

šꜣw, šꜣ, šꜣy

šꜣw.tj1, šꜣ.tj1, šꜣy.tj1, šꜣw.tw2, šꜣ.tw2, šꜣy.tw2

šꜣw1, šꜣy, šꜣ

šꜣꜣ, šꜣꜣy, šꜣꜣw5

šꜣꜣ, šꜣꜣj6, šꜣꜣy6

Dr-r:n-D&d-n:f-H_SPACE:n-s-n:Z2-i-r-n:t**t-nb:t-m-zS-Y1-Hr-Z1-p-G41-A-S-f:d-w-arq-!-sDm-m-s-t-mi-i-D&d-A1-s-t-m-z:n-X4-Y1-HA-A-Y1:Z2-Hr-Z1-SA-A-A-t-Y1:Z2
ḏr.n ḏd.n.f n.sn jr ntt nbt m zẖꜣ ḥr pꜣ šfdw sḏm st mj ḏd.j st (j)m zn ḥꜣw ḥr šꜣꜣt

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.4–2.5

In the end he said to them: As for everything in the writing on this scroll, heed it as I say it; don’t exceed what has been set down.

(transitive) to put in order, to establish, to decree, to determine


dbn

d-b-n:F47 3-lit. (canonical)
dbn (infinitive)
dbnw (infinitive negative)
dbn (infinitive negative)
dbnt (infinitive)
dbn (imperative infinitive singular)
dbn (imperative infinitive plural)
dbn (stative)
ḥr dbn (imperfective)
m dbn (imperfective)
r dbn (prospective)
dbn.n (active perfect)
dbnw (passive perfect)
dbn (passive perfect)
dbn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
dbnt (terminative)
dbn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
dbn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
dbn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
dbn (active prospective)
dbnn (passive prospective)
dbn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
dbn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
dbn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
dbn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
dbn (active participle perfective)
dbn (participle passive perfective)
dbnw (participle passive perfective)
dbny (participle passive perfective)
dbn (active imperfective participle relative)
dbny (active imperfective participle relative)
dbnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
dbn (active imperfective participle)
dbnj (active imperfective participle)
dbny (active imperfective participle)
dbn (imperfective participle passive)
dbnw (imperfective participle passive)
dbn (active participle prospective relative)
dbntj (active participle prospective relative)
dbntj (participle prospective)
dbnt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to go around, to circumambulate

(transitive) to encircle
(+ m) to encircle with


dsj

Alternative form of ḏws (“to malign, to slander”)


mḥ

mH:Y1 2-lit. (canonical)
mḥ (infinitive)
mḥw (infinitive negative)
mḥ (infinitive negative)
mḥt (infinitive)
mḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.mḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
mḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.mḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
mḥ (stative)
ḥr mḥ (imperfective)
m mḥ (imperfective)
r mḥ (prospective)
mḥ.n (active perfect)
mḥw (passive perfect)
mḥ (passive perfect)
mḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
mḥt (terminative)
mḥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
mḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
mḥ (active imperfective)
j.mḥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
mḥ (active prospective)
mḥḥ (passive prospective)
mḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
mḥ (active subjunctive)
j.mḥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
mḥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
mḥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
mḥ (active participle perfective)
mḥḥ (participle passive perfective)
mḥḥj (participle passive perfective)
mḥ (participle passive perfective)
mḥw (participle passive perfective)
mḥy (participle passive perfective)
j.mḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
mḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
mḥy (active imperfective participle relative)
mḥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.mḥ (active imperfective participle)
j.mḥw (active imperfective participle)
mḥ (active imperfective participle)
mḥj (active imperfective participle)
mḥy (active imperfective participle)
mḥ (imperfective participle passive)
mḥw (imperfective participle passive)
mḥ (active participle prospective relative)
mḥtj (active participle prospective relative)
mḥtj (participle prospective)
mḥt (participle prospective)

Demotic: mḥ

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩϩ (mouh)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟϩ (moh)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩϩ (mouh)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩϩ (mouh)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩϩ (mouh)

⇒ Demotic: mḥṱ, ꜣmḥṱ

desc

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ (amahte), ⲁⲙⲁϩⲉ (amahe), ⲁⲙⲁϩⲓ (amahi)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲁϩⲓ (amahi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲉϩⲓ (amehi), ⲉⲙⲉϩⲓ (emehi), ⲙⲉϩⲓ (mehi)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ (emahte)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ (amahte), ⲁⲙⲁϩⲉ (amahe)

(transitive) to physically fill (a container, vessel, granary, ship, etc.) (+ m or (occasionally) ẖr: with)

(transitive, of people) to fill (a space), to crowd

(transitive, with m or ẖr) to fill (one’s hands or arms) with (something); also, to embrace (someone)

(transitive, with m or ẖr) to fill (a person, one’s body, or one’s mouth) with (food)

(transitive, with m or ẖr) to fill (a place) with (beauty, joy, scent, etc.)

(transitive) to complete, to make complete with all members or a full complement, to make whole

(intransitive, of containers, one’s arms, etc.) to be(come) physically full (+ m or ẖr: of)

(intransitive, with m or ẖr) to be(come) replete with, full of, abounding in

(intransitive, of animals) to be(come) pregnant, gravid

to be(come) full
to be(come) pregnant, gravid

(intransitive) to be(come) complete with all members, full, whole, fully assembled

(intransitive with m or transitive) to hold or seize

(intransitive with m or transitive) to seize with one’s hand, grasp, lay hold of

(intransitive with m or transitive) to hold fast, to grasp

(intransitive with m or transitive) to seize (something) for oneself, to take

(intransitive with m or transitive) to capture (a person), to hold (someone) captive

(intransitive with m or transitive) to capture, to conquer (a city)

to hold or seize
to capture, to conquer (a city)

(intransitive with m or transitive) to hold fast to (orders, plans, etc.), to not deviate from

(catenative, with r and following infinitive) to begin, to set about (doing something)


ḏbꜥ

Dba-a-A2 3-lit. (canonical)
ḏbꜥ (infinitive)
ḏbꜥw (infinitive negative)
ḏbꜥ (infinitive negative)
ḏbꜥt (infinitive)
ḏbꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ḏbꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ḏbꜥ (stative)
ḥr ḏbꜥ (imperfective)
m ḏbꜥ (imperfective)
r ḏbꜥ (prospective)
ḏbꜥ.n (active perfect)
ḏbꜥw (passive perfect)
ḏbꜥ (passive perfect)
ḏbꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḏbꜥt (terminative)
ḏbꜥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḏbꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḏbꜥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḏbꜥ (active prospective)
ḏbꜥꜥ (passive prospective)
ḏbꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḏbꜥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḏbꜥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḏbꜥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḏbꜥ (active participle perfective)
ḏbꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ḏbꜥw (participle passive perfective)
ḏbꜥy (participle passive perfective)
ḏbꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏbꜥy (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏbꜥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḏbꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ḏbꜥj (active imperfective participle)
ḏbꜥy (active imperfective participle)
ḏbꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
ḏbꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
ḏbꜥ (active participle prospective relative)
ḏbꜥtj (active participle prospective relative)
ḏbꜥtj (participle prospective)
ḏbꜥt (participle prospective)

Compare with Arabic إصبع (ʔiṣbaʕ, “finger”) and Mina dzəbuŋ (“five”).

A-t:Z5-ra-p-W-k\:t-t:nDs-d-A-i-r-rwd-A24-ib-Z1-x-a-w-nDs-p-W-A-f:a-
-i-w-Dba-a:t-A2-i-m
ꜣt pw ktt dꜣjr jb ḫw(w) pw ꜣfꜥ jw ḏbꜥ.t(w) jm

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.4–1.5

Controlling oneself (lit. Subduing the heart) is a little moment; gluttony is something to be precluded, as it is pointed to in reproach.

(intransitive, with m) to point one’s finger at, especially in reproach or objection

(transitive, with the heart as object) to rebuke (one’s heart)

(intransitive) to adulate, to pay homage (+ n: to)


ḏbꜥ

Dba:a-W-Y1-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
ḏbꜥ (infinitive)
ḏbꜥw (infinitive negative)
ḏbꜥ (infinitive negative)
ḏbꜥt (infinitive)
ḏbꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ḏbꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ḏbꜥ (stative)
ḥr ḏbꜥ (imperfective)
m ḏbꜥ (imperfective)
r ḏbꜥ (prospective)
ḏbꜥ.n (active perfect)
ḏbꜥw (passive perfect)
ḏbꜥ (passive perfect)
ḏbꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḏbꜥt (terminative)
ḏbꜥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḏbꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḏbꜥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḏbꜥ (active prospective)
ḏbꜥꜥ (passive prospective)
ḏbꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḏbꜥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḏbꜥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḏbꜥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḏbꜥ (active participle perfective)
ḏbꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ḏbꜥw (participle passive perfective)
ḏbꜥy (participle passive perfective)
ḏbꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏbꜥy (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏbꜥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḏbꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ḏbꜥj (active imperfective participle)
ḏbꜥy (active imperfective participle)
ḏbꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
ḏbꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
ḏbꜥ (active participle prospective relative)
ḏbꜥtj (active participle prospective relative)
ḏbꜥtj (participle prospective)
ḏbꜥt (participle prospective)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲟⲩⲃⲉ (toube)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃ (tōb), ⲧⲱⲃⲓ (tōbi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲱⲃⲉ (tōōbe)

(transitive) to seal up (wine, grain, etc.)

(transitive) to seal, to place a seal upon (+ m or (rarely) + ḥr: to seal with)


šsp

O43-p-N8 3-lit. (canonical)
šsp (infinitive)
šspw (infinitive negative)
šsp (infinitive negative)
šspt (infinitive)
šsp (imperative infinitive singular)
šsp (imperative infinitive plural)
šsp (stative)
ḥr šsp (imperfective)
m šsp (imperfective)
r šsp (prospective)
šsp.n (active perfect)
šspw (passive perfect)
šsp (passive perfect)
šsp.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
šspt (terminative)
šsp (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
šsp.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
šsp (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
šsp (active prospective)
šspp (passive prospective)
šsp.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
šsp (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
šsp.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
šsp (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
šsp (active participle perfective)
šsp (participle passive perfective)
šspw (participle passive perfective)
šspy (participle passive perfective)
šsp (active imperfective participle relative)
šspy (active imperfective participle relative)
šspw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
šsp (active imperfective participle)
šspj (active imperfective participle)
šspy (active imperfective participle)
šsp (imperfective participle passive)
šspw (imperfective participle passive)
šsp (active participle prospective relative)
šsptj (active participle prospective relative)
šsptj (participle prospective)
šspt (participle prospective)

Alternative form of sšp (“to be(come) bright, to illuminate”)


qbb

q-b-b-W15-N35A-Y1V 2ae gem. (canonical)
qbb (infinitive)
qbb (infinitive negative)
qbbt (infinitive)
qbb (imperative infinitive singular)
qb (imperative infinitive singular)
qbb (imperative infinitive plural)
qb (imperative infinitive plural)
qbb (stative)
qb (stative)
ḥr qbb (imperfective)
m qbb (imperfective)
r qbb (prospective)
qbb.n (active perfect)
qb.n (active perfect)
qb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
qbbt (active terminative)
qb (active perfective)
qbb.ḫr (active obligative)
qbb (active imperfective)
qbb (active prospective)
qb.kꜣ (active potential)
qb (active subjunctive)
qb.n (active participle perfect)
qb (active participle perfective)
qb (participle passive perfective)
qbw (participle passive perfective)
qby (participle passive perfective)
qbb (active imperfective participle)
qbby (active imperfective participle)
qbbw (active imperfective participle)
qbbj (active imperfective participle)
qbb (imperfective participle passive)
qbbw (imperfective participle passive)
qb (active participle prospective)
qbtj (active participle prospective)
qbbtj (participle prospective)
qbbt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

qbbt

qbb.n.tj1, qb.n.tj1, qbb.n.tw2, qb.n.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">qb</i> before suffix pronouns.

Bohairic Coptic: ⲭⲃⲟⲃ (khbob)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲕⲃⲁⲃ (kbab)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲃⲟ (kbo), ⲕⲃⲁ (kba)

(intransitive) to cool, to be(come) cool

(intransitive, of people) to be(come) calm


ḥmw

U24-w-Y1V 3-lit. (canonical)
ḥmw (infinitive)
ḥmww (infinitive negative)
ḥmw (infinitive negative)
ḥmwt (infinitive)
ḥmw (imperative infinitive singular)
ḥmw (imperative infinitive plural)
ḥmw (stative)
ḥr ḥmw (imperfective)
m ḥmw (imperfective)
r ḥmw (prospective)
ḥmw.n (active perfect)
ḥmw.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḥmwt (active terminative)
ḥmw (active perfective)
ḥmw.ḫr (active obligative)
ḥmw (active imperfective)
ḥmw (active prospective)
ḥmw.kꜣ (active potential)
ḥmw (active subjunctive)
ḥmw.n (active participle perfect)
ḥmw (active participle perfective)
ḥmw (participle passive perfective)
ḥmww (participle passive perfective)
ḥmwy (participle passive perfective)
ḥmw (active imperfective participle)
ḥmwy (active imperfective participle)
ḥmww (active imperfective participle)
ḥmwj (active imperfective participle)
ḥmw (imperfective participle passive)
ḥmww (imperfective participle passive)
ḥmw (active participle prospective)
ḥmwtj (active participle prospective)
ḥmwtj (participle prospective)
ḥmwt (participle prospective)


ḫꜣ

M12-A-A17-G37 2-lit. (canonical)
ḫꜣ (infinitive)
ḫꜣw (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣ (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣt (infinitive)
ḫꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.ḫꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
ḫꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.ḫꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫꜣ (stative)
ḥr ḫꜣ (imperfective)
m ḫꜣ (imperfective)
r ḫꜣ (prospective)
ḫꜣ.n (active perfect)
ḫꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḫꜣt (active terminative)
ḫꜣ (active perfective)
ḫꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
ḫꜣ (active imperfective)
j.ḫꜣ (active imperfective)
ḫꜣ (active prospective)
ḫꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
ḫꜣ (active subjunctive)
j.ḫꜣ (active subjunctive)
ḫꜣ.n (active participle perfect)
ḫꜣ (active participle perfective)
ḫꜣꜣ (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣꜣj (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣ (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣw (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣy (participle passive perfective)
j.ḫꜣ (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣ (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣy (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣw (active imperfective participle)
j.ḫꜣw (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣj (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣ (active participle prospective)
ḫꜣtj (active participle prospective)
ḫꜣtj (participle prospective)
ḫꜣt (participle prospective)


jbḥ

i-b-H-bH-A2 3-lit. (canonical)
jbḥ (infinitive)
jbḥw (infinitive negative)
jbḥ (infinitive negative)
jbḥt (infinitive)
jbḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
jbḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
jbḥ (stative)
ḥr jbḥ (imperfective)
m jbḥ (imperfective)
r jbḥ (prospective)
jbḥ.n (active perfect)
jbḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
jbḥt (active terminative)
jbḥ (active perfective)
jbḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
jbḥ (active imperfective)
jbḥ (active prospective)
jbḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
jbḥ (active subjunctive)
jbḥ.n (active participle perfect)
jbḥ (active participle perfective)
jbḥ (participle passive perfective)
jbḥw (participle passive perfective)
jbḥy (participle passive perfective)
jbḥ (active imperfective participle)
jbḥy (active imperfective participle)
jbḥw (active imperfective participle)
jbḥj (active imperfective participle)
jbḥ (imperfective participle passive)
jbḥw (imperfective participle passive)
jbḥ (active participle prospective)
jbḥtj (active participle prospective)
jbḥtj (participle prospective)
jbḥt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to laugh, showing one’s teeth


jbḥ

i-b-E8-H-mw-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
jbḥ (infinitive)
jbḥw (infinitive negative)
jbḥ (infinitive negative)
jbḥt (infinitive)
jbḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
jbḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
jbḥ (stative)
ḥr jbḥ (imperfective)
m jbḥ (imperfective)
r jbḥ (prospective)
jbḥ.n (active perfect)
jbḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
jbḥt (active terminative)
jbḥ (active perfective)
jbḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
jbḥ (active imperfective)
jbḥ (active prospective)
jbḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
jbḥ (active subjunctive)
jbḥ.n (active participle perfect)
jbḥ (active participle perfective)
jbḥ (participle passive perfective)
jbḥw (participle passive perfective)
jbḥy (participle passive perfective)
jbḥ (active imperfective participle)
jbḥy (active imperfective participle)
jbḥw (active imperfective participle)
jbḥj (active imperfective participle)
jbḥ (imperfective participle passive)
jbḥw (imperfective participle passive)
jbḥ (active participle prospective)
jbḥtj (active participle prospective)
jbḥtj (participle prospective)
jbḥt (participle prospective)

(intransitive, with m or ẖr) to run or stream with (liquid), to be(come) wet or awash with


mwt

m-t-w 3-lit. (canonical)
mwt (infinitive)
mwtw (infinitive negative)
mwt (infinitive negative)
mwtt (infinitive)
mwt (imperative infinitive singular)
mwt (imperative infinitive plural)
mwt (stative)
ḥr mwt (imperfective)
m mwt (imperfective)
r mwt (prospective)
mwt.n (active perfect)
mwt.jn (active consecutive contingent)
mwtt (active terminative)
mwt (active perfective)
mwt.ḫr (active obligative)
mwt (active imperfective)
mwt (active prospective)
mwt.kꜣ (active potential)
mwt (active subjunctive)
mwt.n (active participle perfect)
mwt (active participle perfective)
mwt (participle passive perfective)
mwtw (participle passive perfective)
mwty (participle passive perfective)
mwt (active imperfective participle)
mwty (active imperfective participle)
mwtw (active imperfective participle)
mwtj (active imperfective participle)
mwt (imperfective participle passive)
mwtw (imperfective participle passive)
mwt (active participle prospective)
mwttj (active participle prospective)
mwttj (participle prospective)
mwtt (participle prospective)

Demotic: mwt

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩ (mou), ⲙⲟⲩⲧ (mout)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩ (mou), ⲙⲱⲟⲩⲧ (mōout)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩ (mou)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩ (mou), ⲙⲟⲩⲟⲩⲧ (mouout)

Old Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩ (mou)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩ (mou), ⲙⲟⲩⲟⲩⲧ (mouout)

From Proto-Afroasiatic *mawVt- (“to die, to kill”). Cognate with Proto-Semitic *mawut-, Central Atlas Tamazight ⵎⵎⵜ (mmt) and Hausa mutù.

inh

Sm-m-D54:k\-H-n:a-s-n:Z2-r-Xn:n-nw-w-pr-m-t:Z6-k\-m-niwt:t*Z1-k\
šm.k ḥnꜥ.sn r ẖnw m(w)t.k m nwt.k

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 122–123

You will go home with them, and you will die in your (own) town.

aHa-a:n-d:p-t:P1-m-t:Z6-n:t-tyw:Z2-i-m-s-D35:z-p:zp-wa:a-A1-Z1-i-m
ꜥḥꜥ.n dpt m(w)t(.tj) ntjw jm.s nj zp wꜥ jm

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 37–39

Then the boat died, and of those in it, not one of them survived.

(intransitive, figuratively, of ships) to sink

aHa-a:n-A1-m-t:Z6-k\-W-A1-n-s-n:Z2-gm-m-n:A1-s-t-m-XA-A-i-i-t-Aa2:Z2ss-wa-a:t*Z1
ꜥḥꜥ.n.j m(w)t.kw n.sn gm.n.j st m ẖꜣyt wꜥt

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 131–132

Then I died for them, having found them as a single heap of corpses.

(intransitive, figuratively) to die inside, to despair