gp

g:p-mw 2-lit. (canonical)
gp (infinitive)
gpw (infinitive negative)
gp (infinitive negative)
gpt (infinitive)
gp (imperative infinitive singular)
j.gp (imperative infinitive singular)
gp (imperative infinitive plural)
j.gp (imperative infinitive plural)
gp (stative)
ḥr gp (imperfective)
m gp (imperfective)
r gp (prospective)
gp.n (active perfect)
gp.jn (active consecutive contingent)
gpt (active terminative)
gp (active perfective)
gp.ḫr (active obligative)
gp (active imperfective)
j.gp (active imperfective)
gp (active prospective)
gp.kꜣ (active potential)
gp (active subjunctive)
j.gp (active subjunctive)
gp.n (active participle perfect)
gp (active participle perfective)
gpp (participle passive perfective)
gppj (participle passive perfective)
gp (participle passive perfective)
gpw (participle passive perfective)
gpy (participle passive perfective)
j.gp (active imperfective participle)
gp (active imperfective participle)
gpy (active imperfective participle)
gpw (active imperfective participle)
j.gpw (active imperfective participle)
gpj (active imperfective participle)
gp (imperfective participle passive)
gpw (imperfective participle passive)
gp (active participle prospective)
gptj (active participle prospective)
gptj (participle prospective)
gpt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

gpt

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.


m

imperative of jmj (“to not be, to not do”): don't


km

km-m 2-lit. (canonical)
km (infinitive)
kmw (infinitive negative)
km (infinitive negative)
kmt (infinitive)
km (imperative infinitive singular)
j.km (imperative infinitive singular)
km (imperative infinitive plural)
j.km (imperative infinitive plural)
km (stative)
ḥr km (imperfective)
m km (imperfective)
r km (prospective)
km.n (active perfect)
kmw (passive perfect)
km (passive perfect)
km.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
kmt (terminative)
km (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
km.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
km (active imperfective)
j.km (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
km (active prospective)
kmm (passive prospective)
km.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
km (active subjunctive)
j.km (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
km.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
km (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
km (active participle perfective)
kmm (participle passive perfective)
kmmj (participle passive perfective)
km (participle passive perfective)
kmw (participle passive perfective)
kmy (participle passive perfective)
j.km (active imperfective participle relative)
km (active imperfective participle relative)
kmy (active imperfective participle relative)
kmw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.km (active imperfective participle)
j.kmw (active imperfective participle)
km (active imperfective participle)
kmj (active imperfective participle)
kmy (active imperfective participle)
km (imperfective participle passive)
kmw (imperfective participle passive)
km (active participle prospective relative)
kmtj (active participle prospective relative)
kmtj (participle prospective)
kmt (participle prospective)

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE

km-m-Y2:n-n:Z2-H-f-A-W-I14-V20*V20*V20*V20:V20*V20*V20-Z1*Z1*Z1:Z1*Z1-m-ms-s-w-A1*B1:Z2-A1-H-n:a-sn-n:nw-w-A1*B1:Z2-A1

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 127–128

We totalled seventy-five snakes, comprising my children along with my siblings.


rd

r:d-M30 2-lit. (canonical)
rd (infinitive)
rdw (infinitive negative)
rd (infinitive negative)
rdt (infinitive)
rd (imperative infinitive singular)
j.rd (imperative infinitive singular)
rd (imperative infinitive plural)
j.rd (imperative infinitive plural)
rd (stative)
ḥr rd (imperfective)
m rd (imperfective)
r rd (prospective)
rd.n (active perfect)
rd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
rdt (active terminative)
rd (active perfective)
rd.ḫr (active obligative)
rd (active imperfective)
j.rd (active imperfective)
rd (active prospective)
rd.kꜣ (active potential)
rd (active subjunctive)
j.rd (active subjunctive)
rd.n (active participle perfect)
rd (active participle perfective)
rdd (participle passive perfective)
rddj (participle passive perfective)
rd (participle passive perfective)
rdw (participle passive perfective)
rdy (participle passive perfective)
j.rd (active imperfective participle)
rd (active imperfective participle)
rdy (active imperfective participle)
rdw (active imperfective participle)
j.rdw (active imperfective participle)
rdj (active imperfective participle)
rd (imperfective participle passive)
rdw (imperfective participle passive)
rd (active participle prospective)
rdtj (active participle prospective)
rdtj (participle prospective)
rdt (participle prospective)


gr

g:r-A2 2-lit. (canonical)
gr (infinitive)
grw (infinitive negative)
gr (infinitive negative)
grt (infinitive)
gr (imperative infinitive singular)
j.gr (imperative infinitive singular)
gr (imperative infinitive plural)
j.gr (imperative infinitive plural)
gr (stative)
ḥr gr (imperfective)
m gr (imperfective)
r gr (prospective)
gr.n (active perfect)
gr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
grt (active terminative)
gr (active perfective)
gr.ḫr (active obligative)
gr (active imperfective)
j.gr (active imperfective)
gr (active prospective)
gr.kꜣ (active potential)
gr (active subjunctive)
j.gr (active subjunctive)
gr.n (active participle perfect)
gr (active participle perfective)
grr (participle passive perfective)
grrj (participle passive perfective)
gr (participle passive perfective)
grw (participle passive perfective)
gry (participle passive perfective)
j.gr (active imperfective participle)
gr (active imperfective participle)
gry (active imperfective participle)
grw (active imperfective participle)
j.grw (active imperfective participle)
grj (active imperfective participle)
gr (imperfective participle passive)
grw (imperfective participle passive)
gr (active participle prospective)
grtj (active participle prospective)
grtj (participle prospective)
grt (participle prospective)

Akhmimic Coptic: ϭⲟⲩ (cou)

Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲱ (cō)

i-M-m:a-pr-r-D54-r:n-k\-i-w-g-r-A2-k\-m-r-Z1-k\:n-i-s-t-A2-k\
jmj pr rn.k jw gr.k m r(ꜣ).k njs.t(w).k

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.12–2.1

Let your reputation emerge, even as you stay quiet with your mouth when you are summoned.

(intransitive) to be(come) calm, still, dispassionate


dm

d-m-T30 2-lit. (canonical)
dm (infinitive)
dmw (infinitive negative)
dm (infinitive negative)
dmt (infinitive)
dm (imperative infinitive singular)
j.dm (imperative infinitive singular)
dm (imperative infinitive plural)
j.dm (imperative infinitive plural)
dm (stative)
ḥr dm (imperfective)
m dm (imperfective)
r dm (prospective)
dm.n (active perfect)
dmw (passive perfect)
dm (passive perfect)
dm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
dmt (terminative)
dm (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
dm.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
dm (active imperfective)
j.dm (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
dm (active prospective)
dmm (passive prospective)
dm.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
dm (active subjunctive)
j.dm (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
dm.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
dm (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
dm (active participle perfective)
dmm (participle passive perfective)
dmmj (participle passive perfective)
dm (participle passive perfective)
dmw (participle passive perfective)
dmy (participle passive perfective)
j.dm (active imperfective participle relative)
dm (active imperfective participle relative)
dmy (active imperfective participle relative)
dmw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.dm (active imperfective participle)
j.dmw (active imperfective participle)
dm (active imperfective participle)
dmj (active imperfective participle)
dmy (active imperfective participle)
dm (imperfective participle passive)
dmw (imperfective participle passive)
dm (active participle prospective relative)
dmtj (active participle prospective relative)
dmtj (participle prospective)
dmt (participle prospective)


dm

d-m-T30-A2 2-lit. (canonical)
dm (infinitive)
dmw (infinitive negative)
dm (infinitive negative)
dmt (infinitive)
dm (imperative infinitive singular)
j.dm (imperative infinitive singular)
dm (imperative infinitive plural)
j.dm (imperative infinitive plural)
dm (stative)
ḥr dm (imperfective)
m dm (imperfective)
r dm (prospective)
dm.n (active perfect)
dmw (passive perfect)
dm (passive perfect)
dm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
dmt (terminative)
dm (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
dm.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
dm (active imperfective)
j.dm (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
dm (active prospective)
dmm (passive prospective)
dm.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
dm (active subjunctive)
j.dm (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
dm.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
dm (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
dm (active participle perfective)
dmm (participle passive perfective)
dmmj (participle passive perfective)
dm (participle passive perfective)
dmw (participle passive perfective)
dmy (participle passive perfective)
j.dm (active imperfective participle relative)
dm (active imperfective participle relative)
dmy (active imperfective participle relative)
dmw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.dm (active imperfective participle)
j.dmw (active imperfective participle)
dm (active imperfective participle)
dmj (active imperfective participle)
dmy (active imperfective participle)
dm (imperfective participle passive)
dmw (imperfective participle passive)
dm (active participle prospective relative)
dmtj (active participle prospective relative)
dmtj (participle prospective)
dmt (participle prospective)

Ehret hypothesizes an origin in Proto-Afroasiatic *dûm-; as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking.

E31-Ax-x:H_SPACE-xnt-E31:Z2-wAH-O44-t:Z1-z:mn:n-HqA-t:Z1-sxm-H_SPACE:Z1-nfr-n:N9:t-H_SPACE:Z2ss-nTr-!-M1-Y1:Hr*Z1-U7:r:r-U3:n:f-r:a:snD-f:m-tA:tA:tA:nb-n:U7:r:*t-d:m-T30:A2-z:n:r:n:f-r:HAt:t*Z1
sꜥḥ ꜣḫ ḫnt sꜥḥw wꜣḥ jꜣwt smn ḥqꜣt sḫm nfr n(j) psḏt jmꜣ ḥr mrr mꜣ n.f rdj snḏ.f m tꜣw nb(w) n mr(w)t dm.sn rn.f r ḥꜣt […]

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 7–8

Effective dignitary, foremost of dignitaries, enduring of office, established of reign, the fair power of the Ennead, gracious of face, the sight of whom is beloved, the awe of whom is set in all lands in order that they pronounce his name first, […]


sn

sn-n:D19 2-lit. (canonical)
sn (infinitive)
snw (infinitive negative)
sn (infinitive negative)
snt (infinitive)
sn (imperative infinitive singular)
j.sn (imperative infinitive singular)
sn (imperative infinitive plural)
j.sn (imperative infinitive plural)
sn (stative)
ḥr sn (imperfective)
m sn (imperfective)
r sn (prospective)
sn.n (active perfect)
snw (passive perfect)
sn (passive perfect)
sn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
snt (terminative)
sn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sn (active imperfective)
j.sn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sn (active prospective)
snn (passive prospective)
sn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sn (active subjunctive)
j.sn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sn (active participle perfective)
snn (participle passive perfective)
snnj (participle passive perfective)
sn (participle passive perfective)
snw (participle passive perfective)
sny (participle passive perfective)
j.sn (active imperfective participle relative)
sn (active imperfective participle relative)
sny (active imperfective participle relative)
snw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.sn (active imperfective participle)
j.snw (active imperfective participle)
sn (active imperfective participle)
snj (active imperfective participle)
sny (active imperfective participle)
sn (imperfective participle passive)
snw (imperfective participle passive)
sn (active participle prospective relative)
sntj (active participle prospective relative)
sntj (participle prospective)
snt (participle prospective)

Compare with Hausa sansana (“to smell”).

i-r-q:n-A24-n:k\-rwD-A24-ib*Z1:k\-mH:Y2-k\-q:n-i-D32-k\-m-Xrd-A1*B1:Z2-k\-!-s-n-fnD-A2-k\-N42-t-B1-k\-U2:ir-A-k\-pr-Z1-k\
jr qn{n}.k rwḏ jb.k mḥ.k qnj.k m ẖrdw.k sn.k ḥmt.k mꜣ.k pr.k

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 132–134

If you are stalwart, with your mind firm, you will fill your embrace with your children, you will kiss your wife, and you will see your home.


twr

t-wr:r 3-lit. (canonical)
twr (infinitive)
twrw (infinitive negative)
twr (infinitive negative)
twrt (infinitive)
twr (imperative infinitive singular)
twr (imperative infinitive plural)
twr (stative)
ḥr twr (imperfective)
m twr (imperfective)
r twr (prospective)
twr.n (active perfect)
twrw (passive perfect)
twr (passive perfect)
twr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
twrt (terminative)
twr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
twr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
twr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
twr (active prospective)
twrr (passive prospective)
twr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
twr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
twr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
twr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
twr (active participle perfective)
twr (participle passive perfective)
twrw (participle passive perfective)
twry (participle passive perfective)
twr (active imperfective participle relative)
twry (active imperfective participle relative)
twrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
twr (active imperfective participle)
twrj (active imperfective participle)
twry (active imperfective participle)
twr (imperfective participle passive)
twrw (imperfective participle passive)
twr (active participle prospective relative)
twrtj (active participle prospective relative)
twrtj (participle prospective)
twrt (participle prospective)

only attested in theInstruction of Amenemope

(transitive) to show respect to (people or statues of the dead), to treat reverently

(intransitive) to act respectful, to show respect (+ ḥr: to)

(transitive) to worship, to honor (a god)

(transitive, of a priest or son of the dead) to honor (the dead)

(transitive, of the king) to honor, to magnify, to bestow honors on (one’s officials)

x:p-D54:n-A1-z:A1*Z1-aHa-a:D54-m-r-Z1-wA-A-t-N31-t:*r-M6-Y1:n-f-w-A1-snD-A2-n:f
ḫp.n.j z ꜥḥꜥ(.w) m r(ꜣ)-wꜣt t(w)r.n.f wj snḏ(.j) n.f

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 10–11

I crossed a man standing on the road and he saluted me, but I feared him.

(transitive) to hail, to greet respectfully

(intransitive, with r) to keep one’s distance from or respect (someone’s possessions), to not violate (someone’s property)


twr

t-wr:r- 3-lit. (canonical)
twr (infinitive)
twrw (infinitive negative)
twr (infinitive negative)
twrt (infinitive)
twr (imperative infinitive singular)
twr (imperative infinitive plural)
twr (stative)
ḥr twr (imperfective)
m twr (imperfective)
r twr (prospective)
twr.n (active perfect)
twrw (passive perfect)
twr (passive perfect)
twr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
twrt (terminative)
twr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
twr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
twr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
twr (active prospective)
twrr (passive prospective)
twr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
twr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
twr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
twr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
twr (active participle perfective)
twr (participle passive perfective)
twrw (participle passive perfective)
twry (participle passive perfective)
twr (active imperfective participle relative)
twry (active imperfective participle relative)
twrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
twr (active imperfective participle)
twrj (active imperfective participle)
twry (active imperfective participle)
twr (imperfective participle passive)
twrw (imperfective participle passive)
twr (active participle prospective relative)
twrtj (active participle prospective relative)
twrtj (participle prospective)
twrt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to turn away, to reject (someone unwanted as a companion, something unwanted to drink, etc.)


twr

(transitive) to make (something sacred) ritually clean with water, natron, or incense; to cleanse, to purify (+ r: of (evil, pollution, etc.))

(intransitive) to be(come) ritually pure or clean

(intransitive, of the sky) to be(come) clear (+ r: of (clouds))


ḫpr

xpr:r 3-lit. (canonical)
ḫpr (infinitive)
ḫprw (infinitive negative)
ḫpr (infinitive negative)
ḫprt (infinitive)
ḫpr (imperative infinitive singular)
ḫpr (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫpr (stative)
ḥr ḫpr (imperfective)
m ḫpr (imperfective)
r ḫpr (prospective)
ḫpr.n (active perfect)
ḫpr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḫprt (active terminative)
ḫpr (active perfective)
ḫpr.ḫr (active obligative)
ḫpr (active imperfective)
ḫpr (active prospective)
ḫpr.kꜣ (active potential)
ḫpr (active subjunctive)
ḫpr.n (active participle perfect)
ḫpr (active participle perfective)
ḫpr (participle passive perfective)
ḫprw (participle passive perfective)
ḫpry (participle passive perfective)
ḫpr (active imperfective participle)
ḫpry (active imperfective participle)
ḫprw (active imperfective participle)
ḫprj (active imperfective participle)
ḫpr (imperfective participle passive)
ḫprw (imperfective participle passive)
ḫpr (active participle prospective)
ḫprtj (active participle prospective)
ḫprtj (participle prospective)
ḫprt (participle prospective)

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲱⲡⲓ (šōpi)

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲱⲡⲉ (šōpe)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲱⲡⲓ (šōpi)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲱⲡⲉ (šōpe)

Proto-Lycopolitan Coptic: ⳃⲱⲡⲉ (çōpe)

Coptic Dialect P: ⳋⲱⲡⲉ (çōpe)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲱⲡⲉ (xōpe)

z:t-Q7-N33A:n-A1-ir-w-N33A:Ba17s*N33A*Ba17as-n:A1-!-z:T30-m-D54:N33A-w-A1-xpr:r-w:N33A-m-H-a-F51*Z1:N33A-A1

c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, lines 1–2

Illuminate for me, those whom I made! Lead me, those who came into being through my flesh!

(intransitive) to come into being, to start to exist

s-D:d-A1-r:f-n:k\-mi-i-t*t:Y2-i-r:y-xpr:r-m:a-A1-D:z-A1
sḏd.j r.f n.k mjtt jrj ḫpr(.w) m-ꜥ.j ḏs.j

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 21–23

Even so, let me recount to you something similar to this that happened to me myself.

D35-r:x-Y1-n:t-w-xpr-r:*t-Z2:ir-r:*t-nTr-Z1-x*t:f-U35-A24-f

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) line 2.2

One cannot know what might come to be or what the god might do when he punishes.

D37:A1-sDm-m-Hm-Z1-G7-k-b-i-W10:F18-i*i-t:Z5-Y1:Z2-xpr-r:*t
ḏj.j sḏm ḥm.k bjꜣyt ḫprt […]

c. 1600 BCE, Westcar Papyrus, column 4, line 18

I will let Your Majesty hear a wonder that happened […]

(intransitive) to come to exist or take place (in the currently relevant context); to occur, to happen, to appear, to arise (+ m-ꜥ: to happen to)

i-w-wp:p-Z10:n-f-r*Z1:f-r-A1-i-W-A1-Hr*Z1-X:t*Z1-A1-m-b-bA-A-H-D53-Y2:f-!-D:d-f-n:A1-n-m:a-ini-n:t-w-zp*y:n-D:z-nDs-A1-n-m:a-ini-n:t-w-!-i-r-w-d:f-G38-D54:k\-m-D:d-n:A1-ini-n:t-w-r-iw:N23*Z1-p:n-!-r:a-A1-r:x-Y2:k\-t-w-i-w-k\-m-z:z-Q7-xpr:r&t-m-n:t*y-D35-U2:ir-A-t:f
jw wp.n.f r(ꜣ).f r.j jw.j ḥr ẖt.j m bꜣḥ.f ḏd.f n.j (j)n-mj jn tw zpwj snwj nḏs (j)n-mj jn tw jr wdf.k m ḏd n.j jn tw r jw pn rdj.j rḫ.k tw jw.k m ss⟨f⟩ ḫpr.t(j) m ntj nj mꜣ.t(w).f

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 67–73

He opened his mouth at me while I was on my belly before him, saying to me:
―Who brought you, who brought you, little man? Who brought you? If you delay in telling me who brought you to this island, I will make you know yourself as ashes, transformed into that which cannot be seen.

aHa-a:n-s-b-t:bH-A2-n:f-i-m-A1-m-M22-M22-D:d-n:A1-m-n:f-nDs-m-ib-Z1-f-!-D:d-f:n-A1-D35-wr-r-n:k\-a:n-tyw-W23:Z2ss-xpr-r:*t-nb-nTr-sn-n:t-r-tr-N33C:Z2ss
ꜥḥꜥ.n sbt.n.f jm.j m nn ḏd.n.j m nf m jb.f ḏd.f n.j (j)n wr n.k ꜥntjw ḫpr.t(j) ⟨m⟩ nb sntr
Then he laughed at me – and at this that I’d said – as being wrong to his mind, saying to me: Are you abundant in myrrh, turned into a lord of incense?

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 149–150

(intransitive) to evolve, to develop, to transform (+ m: to turn into, to become)

(intransitive, of time) to come, to arrive


mn

mn:n 2-lit. (canonical)
mn (infinitive)
mnw (infinitive negative)
mn (infinitive negative)
mnt (infinitive)
mn (imperative infinitive singular)
j.mn (imperative infinitive singular)
mn (imperative infinitive plural)
j.mn (imperative infinitive plural)
mn (stative)
ḥr mn (imperfective)
m mn (imperfective)
r mn (prospective)
mn.n (active perfect)
mn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
mnt (active terminative)
mn (active perfective)
mn.ḫr (active obligative)
mn (active imperfective)
j.mn (active imperfective)
mn (active prospective)
mn.kꜣ (active potential)
mn (active subjunctive)
j.mn (active subjunctive)
mn.n (active participle perfect)
mn (active participle perfective)
mnn (participle passive perfective)
mnnj (participle passive perfective)
mn (participle passive perfective)
mnw (participle passive perfective)
mny (participle passive perfective)
j.mn (active imperfective participle)
mn (active imperfective participle)
mny (active imperfective participle)
mnw (active imperfective participle)
j.mnw (active imperfective participle)
mnj (active imperfective participle)
mn (imperfective participle passive)
mnw (imperfective participle passive)
mn (active participle prospective)
mntj (active participle prospective)
mntj (participle prospective)
mnt (participle prospective)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲛ (moun)

t*F7:Htp-n:s-st-t*pr:z-f:Aw-w-mn:n:Y1-r:h*p-w-Y1:Z2:f
šfyt ḥtp.n.s st.s fꜣw mn(.w) r hpw.f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 22–23

Dignity, it has taken its seat, and magnificence is established according to his laws.

(intransitive) to be(come) established, to be(come) fixed or set

(intransitive) to stick, to stay, to remain fixed, to endure (+ m: in (a place), as (a role); + ḥr: on (a seat, throne, foundation, etc.), in (one’s rightful place); + ẖr: with, having)

(intransitive, of the heart/mind) to be firm, steadfast, unwavering, stouthearted, especially in battle

(intransitive, of the legs or feet) to be firm of step, steadfast

(intransitive, Late Egyptian, mathematics) to be(come) left over, to be(come) the remainder or amount remaining


mn

mn:n-nDs 2-lit. (canonical)
mn (infinitive)
mnw (infinitive negative)
mn (infinitive negative)
mnt (infinitive)
mn (imperative infinitive singular)
j.mn (imperative infinitive singular)
mn (imperative infinitive plural)
j.mn (imperative infinitive plural)
mn (stative)
ḥr mn (imperfective)
m mn (imperfective)
r mn (prospective)
mn.n (active perfect)
mnw (passive perfect)
mn (passive perfect)
mn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
mnt (terminative)
mn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
mn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
mn (active imperfective)
j.mn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
mn (active prospective)
mnn (passive prospective)
mn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
mn (active subjunctive)
j.mn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
mn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
mn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
mn (active participle perfective)
mnn (participle passive perfective)
mnnj (participle passive perfective)
mn (participle passive perfective)
mnw (participle passive perfective)
mny (participle passive perfective)
j.mn (active imperfective participle relative)
mn (active imperfective participle relative)
mny (active imperfective participle relative)
mnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.mn (active imperfective participle)
j.mnw (active imperfective participle)
mn (active imperfective participle)
mnj (active imperfective participle)
mny (active imperfective participle)
mn (imperfective participle passive)
mnw (imperfective participle passive)
mn (active participle prospective relative)
mntj (active participle prospective relative)
mntj (participle prospective)
mnt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to suffer from (an ailment)

(transitive) to feel pain or have an ailment in (a body part)

(transitive) to be troubled about (something)


sr

s-r-E27-A2 2-lit. (canonical)
sr (infinitive)
srw (infinitive negative)
sr (infinitive negative)
srt (infinitive)
sr (imperative infinitive singular)
j.sr (imperative infinitive singular)
sr (imperative infinitive plural)
j.sr (imperative infinitive plural)
sr (stative)
ḥr sr (imperfective)
m sr (imperfective)
r sr (prospective)
sr.n (active perfect)
srw (passive perfect)
sr (passive perfect)
sr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
srt (terminative)
sr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sr (active imperfective)
j.sr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sr (active prospective)
srr (passive prospective)
sr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sr (active subjunctive)
j.sr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sr (active participle perfective)
srr (participle passive perfective)
srrj (participle passive perfective)
sr (participle passive perfective)
srw (participle passive perfective)
sry (participle passive perfective)
j.sr (active imperfective participle relative)
sr (active imperfective participle relative)
sry (active imperfective participle relative)
srw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.sr (active imperfective participle)
j.srw (active imperfective participle)
sr (active imperfective participle)
srj (active imperfective participle)
sry (active imperfective participle)
sr (imperfective participle passive)
srw (imperfective participle passive)
sr (active participle prospective relative)
srtj (active participle prospective relative)
srtj (participle prospective)
srt (participle prospective)

z:r-E20-A2-s-n:Z2-D:a-P5-D35-ii-i-t:D54-n:S-n:y-E20-A24-D35:xpr-r&t:f

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 30–32

They could predict a stormwind before it came or a thunderstorm before it happened.


sm

s-m-M21 2-lit. (canonical)
sm (infinitive)
smw (infinitive negative)
sm (infinitive negative)
smt (infinitive)
sm (imperative infinitive singular)
j.sm (imperative infinitive singular)
sm (imperative infinitive plural)
j.sm (imperative infinitive plural)
sm (stative)
ḥr sm (imperfective)
m sm (imperfective)
r sm (prospective)
sm.n (active perfect)
smw (passive perfect)
sm (passive perfect)
sm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
smt (terminative)
sm (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sm.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sm (active imperfective)
j.sm (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sm (active prospective)
smm (passive prospective)
sm.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sm (active subjunctive)
j.sm (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sm.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sm (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sm (active participle perfective)
smm (participle passive perfective)
smmj (participle passive perfective)
sm (participle passive perfective)
smw (participle passive perfective)
smy (participle passive perfective)
j.sm (active imperfective participle relative)
sm (active imperfective participle relative)
smy (active imperfective participle relative)
smw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.sm (active imperfective participle)
j.smw (active imperfective participle)
sm (active imperfective participle)
smj (active imperfective participle)
smy (active imperfective participle)
sm (imperfective participle passive)
smw (imperfective participle passive)
sm (active participle prospective relative)
smtj (active participle prospective relative)
smtj (participle prospective)
smt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to help or succour (someone)


ms

Possibly related to Central Atlas Tamazight ⵎⵙ (ms, “to be from, be related to, be a close relative/descendant of”).


hr

h:r-D40 2-lit. (canonical)
hr (infinitive)
hrw (infinitive negative)
hr (infinitive negative)
hrt (infinitive)
hr (imperative infinitive singular)
j.hr (imperative infinitive singular)
hr (imperative infinitive plural)
j.hr (imperative infinitive plural)
hr (stative)
ḥr hr (imperfective)
m hr (imperfective)
r hr (prospective)
hr.n (active perfect)
hrw (passive perfect)
hr (passive perfect)
hr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
hrt (terminative)
hr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
hr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
hr (active imperfective)
j.hr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
hr (active prospective)
hrr (passive prospective)
hr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
hr (active subjunctive)
j.hr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
hr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
hr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
hr (active participle perfective)
hrr (participle passive perfective)
hrrj (participle passive perfective)
hr (participle passive perfective)
hrw (participle passive perfective)
hry (participle passive perfective)
j.hr (active imperfective participle relative)
hr (active imperfective participle relative)
hry (active imperfective participle relative)
hrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.hr (active imperfective participle)
j.hrw (active imperfective participle)
hr (active imperfective participle)
hrj (active imperfective participle)
hry (active imperfective participle)
hr (imperfective participle passive)
hrw (imperfective participle passive)
hr (active participle prospective relative)
hrtj (active participle prospective relative)
hrtj (participle prospective)
hrt (participle prospective)

Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲱⲣ- (hōr-)

Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲱⲣ (hōr)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲱⲣ (hōr), ϩⲉⲣ- (her-), ϩⲣ- (hr-)


dr

d:r:D40 2-lit. (canonical)
dr (infinitive)
drw (infinitive negative)
dr (infinitive negative)
drt (infinitive)
dr (imperative infinitive singular)
j.dr (imperative infinitive singular)
dr (imperative infinitive plural)
j.dr (imperative infinitive plural)
dr (stative)
ḥr dr (imperfective)
m dr (imperfective)
r dr (prospective)
dr.n (active perfect)
drw (passive perfect)
dr (passive perfect)
dr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
drt (terminative)
dr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
dr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
dr (active imperfective)
j.dr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
dr (active prospective)
drr (passive prospective)
dr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
dr (active subjunctive)
j.dr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
dr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
dr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
dr (active participle perfective)
drr (participle passive perfective)
drrj (participle passive perfective)
dr (participle passive perfective)
drw (participle passive perfective)
dry (participle passive perfective)
j.dr (active imperfective participle relative)
dr (active imperfective participle relative)
dry (active imperfective participle relative)
drw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.dr (active imperfective participle)
j.drw (active imperfective participle)
dr (active imperfective participle)
drj (active imperfective participle)
dry (active imperfective participle)
dr (imperfective participle passive)
drw (imperfective participle passive)
dr (active participle prospective relative)
drtj (active participle prospective relative)
drtj (participle prospective)
drt (participle prospective)


sd

z:d-S28-a 2-lit. (canonical)
sd (infinitive)
sdw (infinitive negative)
sd (infinitive negative)
sdt (infinitive)
sd (imperative infinitive singular)
j.sd (imperative infinitive singular)
sd (imperative infinitive plural)
j.sd (imperative infinitive plural)
sd (stative)
ḥr sd (imperfective)
m sd (imperfective)
r sd (prospective)
sd.n (active perfect)
sd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
sdt (active terminative)
sd (active perfective)
sd.ḫr (active obligative)
sd (active imperfective)
j.sd (active imperfective)
sd (active prospective)
sd.kꜣ (active potential)
sd (active subjunctive)
j.sd (active subjunctive)
sd.n (active participle perfect)
sd (active participle perfective)
sdd (participle passive perfective)
sddj (participle passive perfective)
sd (participle passive perfective)
sdw (participle passive perfective)
sdy (participle passive perfective)
j.sd (active imperfective participle)
sd (active imperfective participle)
sdy (active imperfective participle)
sdw (active imperfective participle)
j.sdw (active imperfective participle)
sdj (active imperfective participle)
sd (imperfective participle passive)
sdw (imperfective participle passive)
sd (active participle prospective)
sdtj (active participle prospective)
sdtj (participle prospective)
sdt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to be(come) clothed (+ m: in, with)


sd

s-d:sd-Z9:D40 2-lit. (canonical)
sd (infinitive)
sdw (infinitive negative)
sd (infinitive negative)
sdt (infinitive)
sd (imperative infinitive singular)
j.sd (imperative infinitive singular)
sd (imperative infinitive plural)
j.sd (imperative infinitive plural)
sd (stative)
ḥr sd (imperfective)
m sd (imperfective)
r sd (prospective)
sd.n (active perfect)
sdw (passive perfect)
sd (passive perfect)
sd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sdt (terminative)
sd (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sd.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sd (active imperfective)
j.sd (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sd (active prospective)
sdd (passive prospective)
sd.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sd (active subjunctive)
j.sd (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sd.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sd (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sd (active participle perfective)
sdd (participle passive perfective)
sddj (participle passive perfective)
sd (participle passive perfective)
sdw (participle passive perfective)
sdy (participle passive perfective)
j.sd (active imperfective participle relative)
sd (active imperfective participle relative)
sdy (active imperfective participle relative)
sdw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.sd (active imperfective participle)
j.sdw (active imperfective participle)
sd (active imperfective participle)
sdj (active imperfective participle)
sdy (active imperfective participle)
sd (imperfective participle passive)
sdw (imperfective participle passive)
sd (active participle prospective relative)
sdtj (active participle prospective relative)
sdtj (participle prospective)
sdt (participle prospective)

Alternative form of sḏ (“to break, to force open”)


sk

s-sk-k:D40 2-lit. (canonical)
sk (infinitive)
skw (infinitive negative)
sk (infinitive negative)
skt (infinitive)
sk (imperative infinitive singular)
j.sk (imperative infinitive singular)
sk (imperative infinitive plural)
j.sk (imperative infinitive plural)
sk (stative)
ḥr sk (imperfective)
m sk (imperfective)
r sk (prospective)
sk.n (active perfect)
skw (passive perfect)
sk (passive perfect)
sk.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
skt (terminative)
sk (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sk.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sk (active imperfective)
j.sk (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sk (active prospective)
skk (passive prospective)
sk.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sk (active subjunctive)
j.sk (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sk.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sk (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sk (active participle perfective)
skk (participle passive perfective)
skkj (participle passive perfective)
sk (participle passive perfective)
skw (participle passive perfective)
sky (participle passive perfective)
j.sk (active imperfective participle relative)
sk (active imperfective participle relative)
sky (active imperfective participle relative)
skw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.sk (active imperfective participle)
j.skw (active imperfective participle)
sk (active imperfective participle)
skj (active imperfective participle)
sky (active imperfective participle)
sk (imperfective participle passive)
skw (imperfective participle passive)
sk (active participle prospective relative)
sktj (active participle prospective relative)
sktj (participle prospective)
skt (participle prospective)


ḥrj

Hr:r-N31 3ae inf. (canonical)
ḥrt (infinitive)
ḥrj (infinitive)
ḥrw (infinitive negative)
ḥr (infinitive negative)
ḥrwt (infinitive)
ḥryt (infinitive)
ḥr (imperative infinitive singular)
ḥr (imperative infinitive plural)
ḥry (imperative infinitive plural)
ḥr (stative)
ḥr ḥrt (imperfective)
ḥr ḥrj (imperfective)
m ḥrt (imperfective)
m ḥrj (imperfective)
r ḥrt (prospective)
r ḥrj (prospective)
ḥr.n (active perfect)
ḥr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḥrt (active terminative)
ḥryt (active terminative)
ḥr (active perfective)
ḥr.ḫr (active obligative)
ḥr (active imperfective)
ḥry (active imperfective)
ḥrw (active prospective)
ḥr (active prospective)
ḥry (active prospective)
ḥr.kꜣ (active potential)
ḥr (active subjunctive)
ḥry (active subjunctive)
ḥr.n (active participle perfect)
ḥrw (active participle perfective)
ḥry (active participle perfective)
ḥr (active participle perfective)
ḥry (participle passive perfective)
ḥr (participle passive perfective)
ḥr (active imperfective participle)
ḥry (active imperfective participle)
ḥrw (active imperfective participle)
ḥrj (active imperfective participle)
ḥr (imperfective participle passive)
ḥrw (imperfective participle passive)
ḥrw (active participle prospective)
ḥry (active participle prospective)
ḥr (active participle prospective)
ḥrtj (active participle prospective)
ḥrwtj (participle prospective)
ḥrtj (participle prospective)
ḥrt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ḥrt, ḥryt

ḥrw.tj1, ḥr.tj1, ḥry.tj1, ḥrw.tw2, ḥr.tw2, ḥry.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">-y</i> instead of the expected stative ending.

Demotic:  (ḥl)

Coptic: ϩⲱⲗ (hōl)


ḥrj

Hr:r-Aa19-A24 3ae inf. (canonical)
ḥrt (infinitive)
ḥrj (infinitive)
ḥrw (infinitive negative)
ḥr (infinitive negative)
ḥrwt (infinitive)
ḥryt (infinitive)
ḥr (imperative infinitive singular)
ḥr (imperative infinitive plural)
ḥry (imperative infinitive plural)
ḥr (stative)
ḥrr (stative)
ḥr ḥrt (imperfective)
ḥr ḥrj (imperfective)
m ḥrt (imperfective)
m ḥrj (imperfective)
r ḥrt (prospective)
r ḥrj (prospective)
ḥr.n (active perfect)
ḥrw (passive perfect)
ḥr (passive perfect)
ḥry (passive perfect)
ḥr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḥrt (terminative)
ḥryt (terminative)
ḥr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḥr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḥr (active imperfective)
ḥry (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḥrw (active prospective)
ḥr (active prospective)
ḥry (active prospective)
ḥrw (passive prospective)
ḥr (passive prospective)
ḥry (passive prospective)
ḥr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḥr (active subjunctive)
ḥry (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḥr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḥrw (active participle perfective relative)
ḥry (active participle perfective relative)
ḥr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḥr (active participle perfective)
ḥry (participle passive perfective)
ḥr (participle passive perfective)
ḥrr (active imperfective participle relative)
ḥrry (active imperfective participle relative)
ḥrrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḥrr (active imperfective participle)
ḥrrj (active imperfective participle)
ḥrry (active imperfective participle)
ḥrr (imperfective participle passive)
ḥrrw (imperfective participle passive)
ḥrw (active participle prospective relative)
ḥry (active participle prospective relative)
ḥr (active participle prospective relative)
ḥrtj (active participle prospective relative)
ḥrwtj (participle prospective)
ḥrtj (participle prospective)
ḥrt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to inspire dread or terror; to be(come) awesome or terrible


wšd

w-Sd:d-A2 3-lit. (canonical)
wšd (infinitive)
wšdw (infinitive negative)
wšd (infinitive negative)
wšdt (infinitive)
wšd (imperative infinitive singular)
wšd (imperative infinitive plural)
wšd (stative)
ḥr wšd (imperfective)
m wšd (imperfective)
r wšd (prospective)
wšd.n (active perfect)
wšdw (passive perfect)
wšd (passive perfect)
wšd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
wšdt (terminative)
wšd (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
wšd.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
wšd (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
wšd (active prospective)
wšdd (passive prospective)
wšd.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
wšd (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
wšd.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
wšd (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
wšd (active participle perfective)
wšd (participle passive perfective)
wšdw (participle passive perfective)
wšdy (participle passive perfective)
wšd (active imperfective participle relative)
wšdy (active imperfective participle relative)
wšdw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
wšd (active imperfective participle)
wšdj (active imperfective participle)
wšdy (active imperfective participle)
wšd (imperfective participle passive)
wšdw (imperfective participle passive)
wšd (active participle prospective relative)
wšdtj (active participle prospective relative)
wšdtj (participle prospective)
wšdt (participle prospective)

Demotic: wšd, wšde, wšdj

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ (ouōšt)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ (ouōšt)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ (ouōšt)

desc

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ (ouōšt), ⲟⲩⲁϣⲧ⸗ (ouašt⸗)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϣⲧ̄ (ouōšt̄)

(transitive) to address (someone); to direct speech to

i-a:N35B-a:t*W-i-im:m-a-mw-Hr-Z1-Dba-Z2:k\-i-x-Y2-w-S-b-A2-k\-w-Sd-d:t-A2-k\-
-md-d-w-A2-k\:n-sw-t:n-G7-ib*Z1:k\-m-a:k\-w-S-b-A2-k\-D35:n-n-i-t-i-t-A2
jꜥ tw jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k jḫ wšb.k wšd.t(w).k mdw.k n nswt jb.k m-ꜥ.k wšb.k nn njtjt

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 13–17

Wash yourself, put water on your fingers,
so you might answer when you are addressed, speak to the king with your mind in your possession, and answer without stammering.

(transitive) to question (someone), including to question (someone) judicially; to direct questions to

(transitive) to welcome (someone) with words or a gesture, to salute

(transitive) to esteem, to honor (someone) (+ ḥr: because of)

(intransitive, of gods, in formulaic oracular pronouncements) to assent, to agree


sꜥꜣj

s-aA:a-A-Y1 caus. 3ae inf. (canonical)
sꜥꜣt (infinitive)
sꜥꜣj (infinitive)
sꜥꜣw (infinitive negative)
sꜥꜣ (infinitive negative)
sꜥꜣwt (infinitive)
sꜥꜣyt (infinitive)
sꜥꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
sꜥꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
sꜥꜣy (imperative infinitive plural)
sꜥꜣ (stative)
ḥr sꜥꜣt (imperfective)
ḥr sꜥꜣj (imperfective)
m sꜥꜣt (imperfective)
m sꜥꜣj (imperfective)
r sꜥꜣt (prospective)
r sꜥꜣj (prospective)
sꜥꜣ.n (active perfect)
sꜥꜣw (passive perfect)
sꜥꜣ (passive perfect)
sꜥꜣy (passive perfect)
sꜥꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sꜥꜣt (terminative)
sꜥꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sꜥꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sꜥꜣ (active imperfective)
sꜥꜣy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sꜥꜣw (active prospective)
sꜥꜣ (active prospective)
sꜥꜣy (active prospective)
sꜥꜣw (passive prospective)
sꜥꜣ (passive prospective)
sꜥꜣy (passive prospective)
sꜥꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sꜥꜣ (active subjunctive)
sꜥꜣy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sꜥꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sꜥꜣw (active participle perfective relative)
sꜥꜣy (active participle perfective relative)
sꜥꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sꜥꜣ (active participle perfective)
sꜥꜣy (participle passive perfective)
sꜥꜣ (participle passive perfective)
sꜥꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
sꜥꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
sꜥꜣꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sꜥꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle)
sꜥꜣꜣj (active imperfective participle)
sꜥꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle)
sꜥꜣꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
sꜥꜣꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
sꜥꜣw (active participle prospective relative)
sꜥꜣy (active participle prospective relative)
sꜥꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
sꜥꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
sꜥꜣwtj (participle prospective)
sꜥꜣtj (participle prospective)
sꜥꜣt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

sꜥꜣt

causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.

sꜥꜣw.tj1, sꜥꜣ.tj1, sꜥꜣy.tj1, sꜥꜣw.tw2, sꜥꜣ.tw2, sꜥꜣy.tw2

sꜥꜣꜣ, sꜥꜣꜣy, sꜥꜣꜣw5

sꜥꜣꜣ, sꜥꜣꜣj6, sꜥꜣꜣy6

sꜥꜣꜣ, sꜥꜣꜣw5

s- (causative prefix) + ꜥꜣj (“to be great”).


bṯ

b-T:D54 2-lit. (canonical)
bṯ (infinitive)
bṯw (infinitive negative)
bṯ (infinitive negative)
bṯt (infinitive)
bṯ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.bṯ (imperative infinitive singular)
bṯ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.bṯ (imperative infinitive plural)
bṯ (stative)
ḥr bṯ (imperfective)
m bṯ (imperfective)
r bṯ (prospective)
bṯ.n (active perfect)
bṯw (passive perfect)
bṯ (passive perfect)
bṯ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
bṯt (terminative)
bṯ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
bṯ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
bṯ (active imperfective)
j.bṯ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
bṯ (active prospective)
bṯṯ (passive prospective)
bṯ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
bṯ (active subjunctive)
j.bṯ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
bṯ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
bṯ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
bṯ (active participle perfective)
bṯṯ (participle passive perfective)
bṯṯj (participle passive perfective)
bṯ (participle passive perfective)
bṯw (participle passive perfective)
bṯy (participle passive perfective)
j.bṯ (active imperfective participle relative)
bṯ (active imperfective participle relative)
bṯy (active imperfective participle relative)
bṯw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.bṯ (active imperfective participle)
j.bṯw (active imperfective participle)
bṯ (active imperfective participle)
bṯj (active imperfective participle)
bṯy (active imperfective participle)
bṯ (imperfective participle passive)
bṯw (imperfective participle passive)
bṯ (active participle prospective relative)
bṯtj (active participle prospective relative)
bṯtj (participle prospective)
bṯt (participle prospective)

(intransitive, of the inundation) to rush by

(transitive) to abandon (someone), to forsake, to leave in the lurch


mšꜥ

G20-S:a-D54 3-lit. (canonical)
mšꜥ (infinitive)
mšꜥw (infinitive negative)
mšꜥ (infinitive negative)
mšꜥt (infinitive)
mšꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
mšꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
mšꜥ (stative)
ḥr mšꜥ (imperfective)
m mšꜥ (imperfective)
r mšꜥ (prospective)
mšꜥ.n (active perfect)
mšꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
mšꜥt (active terminative)
mšꜥ (active perfective)
mšꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
mšꜥ (active imperfective)
mšꜥ (active prospective)
mšꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
mšꜥ (active subjunctive)
mšꜥ.n (active participle perfect)
mšꜥ (active participle perfective)
mšꜥ (participle passive perfective)
mšꜥw (participle passive perfective)
mšꜥy (participle passive perfective)
mšꜥ (active imperfective participle)
mšꜥy (active imperfective participle)
mšꜥw (active imperfective participle)
mšꜥj (active imperfective participle)
mšꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
mšꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
mšꜥ (active participle prospective)
mšꜥtj (active participle prospective)
mšꜥtj (participle prospective)
mšꜥt (participle prospective)

Demotic: mšꜥ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟϣⲓ (moši)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲟϣⲉ (mooše)


sgr

s-g:r-A2 caus. 2-lit. (canonical)
sgrt (infinitive)
sgr (infinitive)
sgrw (infinitive negative)
sgr (infinitive negative)
sgr (imperative infinitive singular)
sgr (imperative infinitive plural)
sgr (stative)
ḥr sgr (imperfective)
m sgr (imperfective)
r sgr (prospective)
sgr.n (active perfect)
sgrw (passive perfect)
sgr (passive perfect)
sgr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sgrt (terminative)
sgr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sgr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sgr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sgrw (active prospective)
sgr (active prospective)
sgry (active prospective)
sgrw (passive prospective)
sgr (passive prospective)
sgry (passive prospective)
sgr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sgr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sgr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sgr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sgr (active participle perfective)
sgr (participle passive perfective)
sgrw (participle passive perfective)
sgry (participle passive perfective)
sgr (active imperfective participle relative)
sgry (active imperfective participle relative)
sgrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sgr (active imperfective participle)
sgrj (active imperfective participle)
sgry (active imperfective participle)
sgr (imperfective participle passive)
sgrw (imperfective participle passive)
sgr (active participle prospective relative)
sgrtj (active participle prospective relative)
sgrwtj (participle prospective)
sgrtj (participle prospective)
sgrt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-caus-x-lit

causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.

egy-conj-table

sgrt

sgrw.tj1, sgr.tj1, sgry.tj1, sgrw.tw2, sgr.tw2, sgry.tw2

s- (causative prefix) + gr (“to be silent”).


sḫntj

s-xnt-n:t caus. 4ae inf. (canonical)
sḫnt (infinitive)
sḫntw (infinitive negative)
sḫntyw (infinitive negative)
sḫnt (infinitive negative)
sḫntt (infinitive)
sḫntwt (infinitive)
sḫntyt (infinitive)
sḫnt (imperative infinitive singular)
sḫnt (imperative infinitive plural)
sḫnty (imperative infinitive plural)
sḫnt (stative)
ḥr sḫnt (imperfective)
m sḫnt (imperfective)
r sḫnt (prospective)
sḫnt.n (active perfect)
sḫntw (passive perfect)
sḫnt (passive perfect)
sḫnty (passive perfect)
sḫnt.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sḫntt (terminative)
sḫnt (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sḫnt.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sḫnt (active imperfective)
sḫnty (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sḫntw (active prospective)
sḫnt (active prospective)
sḫnty (active prospective)
sḫntw (passive prospective)
sḫnt (passive prospective)
sḫnty (passive prospective)
sḫnt.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sḫnt (active subjunctive)
sḫnty (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sḫnt.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sḫntw (active participle perfective relative)
sḫnty (active participle perfective relative)
sḫnt (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sḫnt (active participle perfective)
sḫnty (participle passive perfective)
sḫnt (participle passive perfective)
sḫnt (active imperfective participle relative)
sḫnty (active imperfective participle relative)
sḫntw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sḫnt (active imperfective participle)
sḫntj (active imperfective participle)
sḫnty (active imperfective participle)
sḫnt (imperfective participle passive)
sḫntw (imperfective participle passive)
sḫntw (active participle prospective relative)
sḫnty (active participle prospective relative)
sḫnt (active participle prospective relative)
sḫnttj (active participle prospective relative)
sḫntwtj (participle prospective)
sḫnttj (participle prospective)
sḫntt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

sḫntt

causative fourth weak / caus. 4ae inf. / caus. IV. inf.

sḫnt.tj1, sḫnty.tj1, sḫnt.tw2, sḫnty.tw2

sḫntw.tj1, sḫnt.tj1, sḫnty.tj1, sḫntw.tw2, sḫnt.tw2, sḫnty.tw2

Ancient Greek: ψχέντ (pskhént)

English: pschent

s- (causative prefix) + ḫntj (“to go forward or upstream”)

af

(transitive) to promote, to advance, to cause to be in front


fn

f:n-nDs 2-lit. (canonical)
fn (infinitive)
fnw (infinitive negative)
fn (infinitive negative)
fnt (infinitive)
fn (imperative infinitive singular)
j.fn (imperative infinitive singular)
fn (imperative infinitive plural)
j.fn (imperative infinitive plural)
fn (stative)
ḥr fn (imperfective)
m fn (imperfective)
r fn (prospective)
fn.n (active perfect)
fn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
fnt (active terminative)
fn (active perfective)
fn.ḫr (active obligative)
fn (active imperfective)
j.fn (active imperfective)
fn (active prospective)
fn.kꜣ (active potential)
fn (active subjunctive)
j.fn (active subjunctive)
fn.n (active participle perfect)
fn (active participle perfective)
fnn (participle passive perfective)
fnnj (participle passive perfective)
fn (participle passive perfective)
fnw (participle passive perfective)
fny (participle passive perfective)
j.fn (active imperfective participle)
fn (active imperfective participle)
fny (active imperfective participle)
fnw (active imperfective participle)
j.fnw (active imperfective participle)
fnj (active imperfective participle)
fn (imperfective participle passive)
fnw (imperfective participle passive)
fn (active participle prospective)
fntj (active participle prospective)
fntj (participle prospective)
fnt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to be(come) miserable or weak


ḥnk

H-Hn:n-k:D39 3-lit. (canonical)
ḥnk (infinitive)
ḥnkw (infinitive negative)
ḥnk (infinitive negative)
ḥnkt (infinitive)
ḥnk (imperative infinitive singular)
ḥnk (imperative infinitive plural)
ḥnk (stative)
ḥr ḥnk (imperfective)
m ḥnk (imperfective)
r ḥnk (prospective)
ḥnk.n (active perfect)
ḥnkw (passive perfect)
ḥnk (passive perfect)
ḥnk.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḥnkt (terminative)
ḥnk (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḥnk.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḥnk (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḥnk (active prospective)
ḥnkk (passive prospective)
ḥnk.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḥnk (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḥnk.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḥnk (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḥnk (active participle perfective)
ḥnk (participle passive perfective)
ḥnkw (participle passive perfective)
ḥnky (participle passive perfective)
ḥnk (active imperfective participle relative)
ḥnky (active imperfective participle relative)
ḥnkw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḥnk (active imperfective participle)
ḥnkj (active imperfective participle)
ḥnky (active imperfective participle)
ḥnk (imperfective participle passive)
ḥnkw (imperfective participle passive)
ḥnk (active participle prospective relative)
ḥnktj (active participle prospective relative)
ḥnktj (participle prospective)
ḥnkt (participle prospective)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲱⲛⲕ (hōnk)


mwy

(intransitive, of a wound) to be(come) watery, moist


dnd

d:n-d:T31 3-lit. (canonical)
dnd (infinitive)
dndw (infinitive negative)
dnd (infinitive negative)
dndt (infinitive)
dnd (imperative infinitive singular)
dnd (imperative infinitive plural)
dnd (stative)
ḥr dnd (imperfective)
m dnd (imperfective)
r dnd (prospective)
dnd.n (active perfect)
dndw (passive perfect)
dnd (passive perfect)
dnd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
dndt (terminative)
dnd (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
dnd.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
dnd (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
dnd (active prospective)
dndd (passive prospective)
dnd.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
dnd (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
dnd.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
dnd (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
dnd (active participle perfective)
dnd (participle passive perfective)
dndw (participle passive perfective)
dndy (participle passive perfective)
dnd (active imperfective participle relative)
dndy (active imperfective participle relative)
dndw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
dnd (active imperfective participle)
dndj (active imperfective participle)
dndy (active imperfective participle)
dnd (imperfective participle passive)
dndw (imperfective participle passive)
dnd (active participle prospective relative)
dndtj (active participle prospective relative)
dndtj (participle prospective)
dndt (participle prospective)


fnḏ

f:n:d-D19 3-lit. (canonical)
fnḏ (infinitive)
fnḏw (infinitive negative)
fnḏ (infinitive negative)
fnḏt (infinitive)
fnḏ (imperative infinitive singular)
fnḏ (imperative infinitive plural)
fnḏ (stative)
ḥr fnḏ (imperfective)
m fnḏ (imperfective)
r fnḏ (prospective)
fnḏ.n (active perfect)
fnḏ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
fnḏt (active terminative)
fnḏ (active perfective)
fnḏ.ḫr (active obligative)
fnḏ (active imperfective)
fnḏ (active prospective)
fnḏ.kꜣ (active potential)
fnḏ (active subjunctive)
fnḏ.n (active participle perfect)
fnḏ (active participle perfective)
fnḏ (participle passive perfective)
fnḏw (participle passive perfective)
fnḏy (participle passive perfective)
fnḏ (active imperfective participle)
fnḏy (active imperfective participle)
fnḏw (active imperfective participle)
fnḏj (active imperfective participle)
fnḏ (imperfective participle passive)
fnḏw (imperfective participle passive)
fnḏ (active participle prospective)
fnḏtj (active participle prospective)
fnḏtj (participle prospective)
fnḏt (participle prospective)

From Proto-Afroasiatic *funVg-, according to Orel and Stolbova’s very tentative reconstruction. If so, perhaps cognate with Lowland East Cushitic *fung- (“nose”), whence Oromo fuññaan. Also compare Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⴳⵏⴼⵓⵔ (agnfur, “muzzle, snout”).


hrw

h:r-Y1V 3ae inf. (canonical)
hrt (infinitive)
hrj (infinitive)
hrw (infinitive negative)
hr (infinitive negative)
hrwt (infinitive)
hryt (infinitive)
hr (imperative infinitive singular)
hr (imperative infinitive plural)
hry (imperative infinitive plural)
hr (stative)
hrr (stative)
ḥr hrt (imperfective)
ḥr hrj (imperfective)
m hrt (imperfective)
m hrj (imperfective)
r hrt (prospective)
r hrj (prospective)
hr.n (active perfect)
hr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
hrt (active terminative)
hryt (active terminative)
hr (active perfective)
hr.ḫr (active obligative)
hr (active imperfective)
hry (active imperfective)
hrw (active prospective)
hr (active prospective)
hry (active prospective)
hr.kꜣ (active potential)
hr (active subjunctive)
hry (active subjunctive)
hr.n (active participle perfect)
hrw (active participle perfective)
hry (active participle perfective)
hr (active participle perfective)
hry (participle passive perfective)
hr (participle passive perfective)
hrr (active imperfective participle)
hrry (active imperfective participle)
hrrw (active imperfective participle)
hrrj (active imperfective participle)
hrr (imperfective participle passive)
hrrw (imperfective participle passive)
hrw (active participle prospective)
hry (active participle prospective)
hr (active participle prospective)
hrtj (active participle prospective)
hrwtj (participle prospective)
hrtj (participle prospective)
hrt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

hrt, hryt

hrw.tj1, hr.tj1, hry.tj1, hrw.tw2, hr.tw2, hry.tw2

Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲉⲣⲓ (heri)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲣⲣⲉ (hrre)

(intransitive) to be(come) calm, patient, at peace

(intransitive) to be(come) satisfied, at peace, content (+ ḥr: with)

(intransitive) to be(come) happy (+ ḥr: about)

(intransitive, of words and objects) to be(come) pleasant, pleasing


sḏm

s-D:sDm-m 3-lit. (canonical)
sḏm (infinitive)
sḏmw (infinitive negative)
sḏm (infinitive negative)
sḏmt (infinitive)
sḏm (imperative infinitive singular)
sḏm (imperative infinitive plural)
sḏm (stative)
ḥr sḏm (imperfective)
m sḏm (imperfective)
r sḏm (prospective)
sḏm.n (active perfect)
sḏmw (passive perfect)
sḏm (passive perfect)
sḏm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sḏmt (terminative)
sḏm (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sḏm.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sḏm (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sḏm (active prospective)
sḏmm (passive prospective)
sḏm.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sḏm (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sḏm.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sḏm (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sḏm (active participle perfective)
sḏm (participle passive perfective)
sḏmw (participle passive perfective)
sḏmy (participle passive perfective)
sḏm (active imperfective participle relative)
sḏmy (active imperfective participle relative)
sḏmw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sḏm (active imperfective participle)
sḏmj (active imperfective participle)
sḏmy (active imperfective participle)
sḏm (imperfective participle passive)
sḏmw (imperfective participle passive)
sḏm (active participle prospective relative)
sḏmtj (active participle prospective relative)
sḏmtj (participle prospective)
sḏmt (participle prospective)

Demotic: stm

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ (sōtem)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲱⲧⲙ̄ (sōtm̄)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲱⲧⲉⲙ (sōtem)

Oxyrhynchite Coptic: ⲥⲟⲧⲙ (sotm)

Hermopolitan Coptic: ⲥⲱⲧⲏⲙ (sōtēm)

desc

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ (sōtme), ⲥⲱⲧⲙ (sōtm)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲱⲧⲙⲉ (sōtme)

Compare Proto-Semitic *šamaʕ- (“to hear, to listen”). Apparently unrelated to Proto-Indo-European *swenh₂- (“to sound”).

noncog

Dr-r:n-D&d-n:f-H_SPACE:n-s-n:Z2-i-r-n:t**t-nb:t-m-zS-Y1-Hr-Z1-p-G41-A-S-f:d-w-arq-
-sDm-m-s-t-mi-i-D&d-A1-s-t-m-z:n-X4-Y1-HA-A-Y1:Z2-Hr-Z1-SA-A-A-t-Y1:Z2
ḏr.n ḏd.n.f n.sn jr ntt nbt m zẖꜣ ḥr pꜣ šfdw sḏm st mj ḏd.j st (j)m zn ḥꜣw ḥr šꜣꜣt

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.4–2.5

In the end he said to them: As for everything in the writing on this scroll, heed it as I say it; don’t exceed what has been set down.

(intransitive) to listen (+ n: to (someone))


ḫꜣb

x-xA-A-b-Z9 3-lit. (canonical)
ḫꜣb (infinitive)
ḫꜣbw (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣb (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣbt (infinitive)
ḫꜣb (imperative infinitive singular)
ḫꜣb (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫꜣb (stative)
ḥr ḫꜣb (imperfective)
m ḫꜣb (imperfective)
r ḫꜣb (prospective)
ḫꜣb.n (active perfect)
ḫꜣb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḫꜣbt (active terminative)
ḫꜣb (active perfective)
ḫꜣb.ḫr (active obligative)
ḫꜣb (active imperfective)
ḫꜣb (active prospective)
ḫꜣb.kꜣ (active potential)
ḫꜣb (active subjunctive)
ḫꜣb.n (active participle perfect)
ḫꜣb (active participle perfective)
ḫꜣb (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣbw (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣby (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣb (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣby (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣbw (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣbj (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣb (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣbw (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣb (active participle prospective)
ḫꜣbtj (active participle prospective)
ḫꜣbtj (participle prospective)
ḫꜣbt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to be(come) bent, to bend


ꜥnḫ

anx-n:x 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜥnḫ (infinitive)
ꜥnḫw (infinitive negative)
ꜥnḫ (infinitive negative)
ꜥnḫt (infinitive)
ꜥnḫ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥnḫ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥnḫ (stative)
ḥr ꜥnḫ (imperfective)
m ꜥnḫ (imperfective)
r ꜥnḫ (prospective)
ꜥnḫ.n (active perfect)
ꜥnḫ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ꜥnḫt (active terminative)
ꜥnḫ (active perfective)
ꜥnḫ.ḫr (active obligative)
ꜥnḫ (active imperfective)
ꜥnḫ (active prospective)
ꜥnḫ.kꜣ (active potential)
ꜥnḫ (active subjunctive)
ꜥnḫ.n (active participle perfect)
ꜥnḫ (active participle perfective)
ꜥnḫ (participle passive perfective)
ꜥnḫw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥnḫy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥnḫ (active imperfective participle)
ꜥnḫy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥnḫw (active imperfective participle)
ꜥnḫj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥnḫ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥnḫw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥnḫ (active participle prospective)
ꜥnḫtj (active participle prospective)
ꜥnḫtj (participle prospective)
ꜥnḫt (participle prospective)

Demotic: ꜥnḫ

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱⲛⳉ (ōnx)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲛϧ (ōnx)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲱⲛϩ (ōnh)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲱⲛϩ (ōnh)

Coptic Dialect P: ⲱⲳϧ (ōnx)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲛϩ (ōnh)

(intransitive) to live, to be(come) alive

to live, to be(come) alive
to subsist or live on (something)

to live, to be(come) alive
to dwell in (some place)

(+ ḥr) to occupy (a throne) or dwell in (a foreign land)

m-a:k\-nTr-Z1-r:a-n:f-anx-n:x-k\-ini-n:f-t-w-r-iw:N23*Z1-p:n-n:kA*Z1
m.k nṯr rḏj.n.f ꜥnḫ.k jn.f tw r jw pn n(j) kꜣ

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 113–114

Look, the god, he has let you live, as he has brought you to this island of the ka.

(intransitive, of the dead) to come to life or live again after death in an afterlife

(intransitive, figuratively) to ‘come to life’ (wake up or regain liveliness) upon the rising of the sun or upon seeing the sun

(intransitive, figuratively) to ‘come to life’ whenever one’s name is pronounced

(intransitive, of a name) to still be remembered

(intransitive, especially of body parts) to be vigorous or full of vitality

(intransitive, medicine, of food) to be fresh

(intransitive, as a non-attributive relative/emphatic form) used in introductory formulae for oaths, usually with a king or god as subject: As long as … lives, …

used at the beginning of inscriptions before the names of kings and gods: originally ‘May … live’, later meaningless


ꜥnḫ

anx-n:x-A2 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜥnḫ (infinitive)
ꜥnḫw (infinitive negative)
ꜥnḫ (infinitive negative)
ꜥnḫt (infinitive)
ꜥnḫ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥnḫ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥnḫ (stative)
ḥr ꜥnḫ (imperfective)
m ꜥnḫ (imperfective)
r ꜥnḫ (prospective)
ꜥnḫ.n (active perfect)
ꜥnḫ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ꜥnḫt (active terminative)
ꜥnḫ (active perfective)
ꜥnḫ.ḫr (active obligative)
ꜥnḫ (active imperfective)
ꜥnḫ (active prospective)
ꜥnḫ.kꜣ (active potential)
ꜥnḫ (active subjunctive)
ꜥnḫ.n (active participle perfect)
ꜥnḫ (active participle perfective)
ꜥnḫ (participle passive perfective)
ꜥnḫw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥnḫy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥnḫ (active imperfective participle)
ꜥnḫy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥnḫw (active imperfective participle)
ꜥnḫj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥnḫ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥnḫw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥnḫ (active participle prospective)
ꜥnḫtj (active participle prospective)
ꜥnḫtj (participle prospective)
ꜥnḫt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to swear (an oath); (with m) to swear by (someone)


zꜣ

perfective of zꜣw (“to greet, watch for”)


ḏꜣjs

DA-A-i-s-A2 4-lit. (canonical)
ḏꜣjs (infinitive)
ḏꜣjsw (infinitive negative)
ḏꜣjs (infinitive negative)
ḏꜣjst (infinitive)
ḏꜣjs (imperative infinitive singular)
ḏꜣjs (imperative infinitive plural)
ḏꜣjs (stative)
ḥr ḏꜣjs (imperfective)
m ḏꜣjs (imperfective)
r ḏꜣjs (prospective)
ḏꜣjs.n (active perfect)
ḏꜣjsw (passive perfect)
ḏꜣjs (passive perfect)
ḏꜣjs.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḏꜣjst (terminative)
ḏꜣjs (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḏꜣjs.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḏꜣjs (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḏꜣjsw (active prospective)
ḏꜣjs (active prospective)
ḏꜣjsw (passive prospective)
ḏꜣjs (passive prospective)
ḏꜣjs.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḏꜣjs (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḏꜣjs.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḏꜣjs (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḏꜣjs (active participle perfective)
ḏꜣjs (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜣjsw (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜣjsy (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜣjs (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏꜣjsy (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏꜣjsw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḏꜣjs (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜣjsj (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜣjsy (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜣjs (imperfective participle passive)
ḏꜣjsw (imperfective participle passive)
ḏꜣjs (active participle prospective relative)
ḏꜣjstj (active participle prospective relative)
ḏꜣjswtj (participle prospective)
ḏꜣjstj (participle prospective)
ḏꜣjst (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ḏꜣjst

ḏꜣjsw.tj1, ḏꜣjs.tj1, ḏꜣjsw.tw2, ḏꜣjs.tw2


ꜥšꜣ

aSA:Z2 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜥšꜣ (infinitive)
ꜥšꜣw (infinitive negative)
ꜥšꜣ (infinitive negative)
ꜥšꜣt (infinitive)
ꜥšꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥšꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥšꜣ (stative)
ḥr ꜥšꜣ (imperfective)
m ꜥšꜣ (imperfective)
r ꜥšꜣ (prospective)
ꜥšꜣ.n (active perfect)
ꜥšꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ꜥšꜣt (active terminative)
ꜥšꜣ (active perfective)
ꜥšꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
ꜥšꜣ (active imperfective)
ꜥšꜣ (active prospective)
ꜥšꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
ꜥšꜣ (active subjunctive)
ꜥšꜣ.n (active participle perfect)
ꜥšꜣ (active participle perfective)
ꜥšꜣ (participle passive perfective)
ꜥšꜣw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥšꜣy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥšꜣ (active imperfective participle)
ꜥšꜣy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥšꜣw (active imperfective participle)
ꜥšꜣj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥšꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥšꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥšꜣ (active participle prospective)
ꜥšꜣtj (active participle prospective)
ꜥšꜣtj (participle prospective)
ꜥšꜣt (participle prospective)

ꜥšꜣt

ꜥšꜣ, ꜥšꜣy, ꜥšꜣw5

ꜥšꜣ, ꜥšꜣw5, ꜥšꜣy5

ꜥšꜣ, ꜥšꜣj6, ꜥšꜣy6

ꜥšꜣtj4, ꜥšꜣt4

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁϣⲉⲓ (ašei)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁϣⲁⲓ (ašai)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁϣⲉⲉⲓ (ašeei), ⲁϣⲉⲓ (ašei)

Old Coptic: ⲁϣⲏⲉⲓ (ašēei)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁϣⲁⲓ (ašai)

(intransitive) to be(come) many or much, to be(come) numerous or abundant

(intransitive) to have many or much, to be(come) rich or abounding (+ m: in/with)

(intransitive) to be(come) of many kinds, varied, multifarious

(intransitive) to be(come) common, usual, ordinary

(intransitive, Late Egyptian) to be(come) too much, to be(come) excessive


zꜣw

A47-A-w-A24 3ae inf. (canonical)
zꜣt (infinitive)
zꜣj (infinitive)
zꜣw (infinitive negative)
zꜣ (infinitive negative)
zꜣwt (infinitive)
zꜣyt (infinitive)
zꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
zꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
zꜣy (imperative infinitive plural)
zꜣ (stative)
zꜣꜣ (stative)
ḥr zꜣt (imperfective)
ḥr zꜣj (imperfective)
m zꜣt (imperfective)
m zꜣj (imperfective)
r zꜣt (prospective)
r zꜣj (prospective)
zꜣ.n (active perfect)
zꜣw (passive perfect)
zꜣ (passive perfect)
zꜣy (passive perfect)
zꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
zꜣt (terminative)
zꜣyt (terminative)
zꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
zꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
zꜣ (active imperfective)
zꜣy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
zꜣw (active prospective)
zꜣ (active prospective)
zꜣy (active prospective)
zꜣw (passive prospective)
zꜣ (passive prospective)
zꜣy (passive prospective)
zꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
zꜣ (active subjunctive)
zꜣy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
zꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
zꜣw (active participle perfective relative)
zꜣy (active participle perfective relative)
zꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
zꜣ (active participle perfective)
zꜣy (participle passive perfective)
zꜣ (participle passive perfective)
zꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
zꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
zꜣꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
zꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle)
zꜣꜣj (active imperfective participle)
zꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle)
zꜣꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
zꜣꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
zꜣw (active participle prospective relative)
zꜣy (active participle prospective relative)
zꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
zꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
zꜣwtj (participle prospective)
zꜣtj (participle prospective)
zꜣt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

zꜣt, zꜣyt

zꜣw.tj1, zꜣ.tj1, zꜣy.tj1, zꜣw.tw2, zꜣ.tw2, zꜣy.tw2

(reflexive) to beware, to guard oneself against

m-aA:a-A-Y1-ib-Z1-k\-Hr-Z1-x-p-S-xpS-A24-m-Hr:r-ib-DA-A-m-A17A-A1:Z2-k\-!-z:zA-A-W-A47-A24-i-t:n-D20-A24-k\
(j)m ꜥꜣ jb.k ḥr ḫpš m ḥr(j) jb ḏꜣmw.k zꜣw jtn.k

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.1–2.2

Don’t grow arrogant (lit. don’t make your heart big) on account of (your) strength in the midst of your cohort, lest you be challenged.

(transitive, in a noun clause, with a subjunctive verb as object) lest


wrḥ

wr:r-H-W23:D40 3-lit. (canonical)
wrḥ (infinitive)
wrḥw (infinitive negative)
wrḥ (infinitive negative)
wrḥt (infinitive)
wrḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
wrḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
wrḥ (stative)
ḥr wrḥ (imperfective)
m wrḥ (imperfective)
r wrḥ (prospective)
wrḥ.n (active perfect)
wrḥw (passive perfect)
wrḥ (passive perfect)
wrḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
wrḥt (terminative)
wrḥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
wrḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
wrḥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
wrḥ (active prospective)
wrḥḥ (passive prospective)
wrḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
wrḥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
wrḥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
wrḥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
wrḥ (active participle perfective)
wrḥ (participle passive perfective)
wrḥw (participle passive perfective)
wrḥy (participle passive perfective)
wrḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
wrḥy (active imperfective participle relative)
wrḥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
wrḥ (active imperfective participle)
wrḥj (active imperfective participle)
wrḥy (active imperfective participle)
wrḥ (imperfective participle passive)
wrḥw (imperfective participle passive)
wrḥ (active participle prospective relative)
wrḥtj (active participle prospective relative)
wrḥtj (participle prospective)
wrḥt (participle prospective)


sbꜣ

s-b-sbA-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
sbꜣ (infinitive)
sbꜣw (infinitive negative)
sbꜣ (infinitive negative)
sbꜣt (infinitive)
sbꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
sbꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
sbꜣ (stative)
ḥr sbꜣ (imperfective)
m sbꜣ (imperfective)
r sbꜣ (prospective)
sbꜣ.n (active perfect)
sbꜣw (passive perfect)
sbꜣ (passive perfect)
sbꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sbꜣt (terminative)
sbꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sbꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sbꜣ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sbꜣ (active prospective)
sbꜣꜣ (passive prospective)
sbꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sbꜣ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sbꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sbꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sbꜣ (active participle perfective)
sbꜣ (participle passive perfective)
sbꜣw (participle passive perfective)
sbꜣy (participle passive perfective)
sbꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
sbꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
sbꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sbꜣ (active imperfective participle)
sbꜣj (active imperfective participle)
sbꜣy (active imperfective participle)
sbꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
sbꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
sbꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
sbꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
sbꜣtj (participle prospective)
sbꜣt (participle prospective)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲁⲃⲟ (sabo)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲉⲃ- (seb-)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲃⲟ (sbo), ⲥⲁⲃⲟ (sabo), ⲥⲃⲱ (sbō)


mꜣꜣ

U2:D4-A-A 2ae gem. (canonical)
mꜣꜣ (infinitive)
mꜣ (infinitive)
mꜣn (infinitive)
mꜣꜣ (infinitive negative)
mꜣꜣt (infinitive)
mꜣꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
mꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
mꜣꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
mꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
mꜣꜣ (stative)
mꜣ (stative)
ḥr mꜣꜣ (imperfective)
m mꜣꜣ (imperfective)
r mꜣꜣ (prospective)
mꜣ.n (active perfect)
mꜣꜣ.n (active perfect)
mꜣ (passive perfect)
mꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
mꜣꜣt (terminative)
mꜣ (active perfective)
mꜣn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
mꜣꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
mꜣꜣ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
mꜣꜣ (active prospective)
mꜣꜣ (passive prospective)
mꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
mꜣ (active subjunctive)
mꜣn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
mꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
mꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
mꜣ (active participle perfective)
mꜣ (participle passive perfective)
mꜣw (participle passive perfective)
mꜣy (participle passive perfective)
mꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
mꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
mꜣꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
mꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle)
mꜣꜣj (active imperfective participle)
mꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle)
mꜣꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
mꜣꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
mꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
mꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
mꜣꜣtj (participle prospective)
mꜣꜣt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

mꜣꜣt

irregular second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.

mꜣ.n.tj1, mꜣꜣ.n.tj1, mꜣ.n.tw2, mꜣꜣ.n.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# Not used before suffix pronouns.

Compare with Arabic أَمَرَ (ʔamara, “to instruct, to show how or what to do”) and Akkadian 𒅆 (amārum, “to look at, to see, to learn by experience”).

cog

U2:ir-A-s-n:Z2-p:t:pt-U2:ir-A-s-n:Z2-tA:N23*Z1-m-a:k\-A-a:ib*Z1-s-n:Z2-r-U2:ir-A-w-F27:Z2
mꜣ.sn pt mꜣ.sn tꜣ mꜥkꜣ jb.sn r mꜣ(j)w

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 28–30

(Whether) they saw sky or they saw land, their minds were more observant than lions.

U2:ir-A-w-A1-r-sA--Z1--s-sA-A-H-D63-Y2-A1-tA:N23*Z1-r:sA*Z1-U2:ir-A-A1-d:p*t-ns-A2-n:A1

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 179–181

See me after setting foot on land, after seeing what I’ve experienced!

(transitive) to look at, to see (+ m: as)


nfr

nfr-f:r 3-lit. (canonical)
nfr (infinitive)
nfrw (infinitive negative)
nfr (infinitive negative)
nfrt (infinitive)
nfr (imperative infinitive singular)
nfr (imperative infinitive plural)
nfr (stative)
ḥr nfr (imperfective)
m nfr (imperfective)
r nfr (prospective)
nfr.n (active perfect)
nfr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
nfrt (active terminative)
nfr (active perfective)
nfr.ḫr (active obligative)
nfr (active imperfective)
nfr (active prospective)
nfr.kꜣ (active potential)
nfr (active subjunctive)
nfr.n (active participle perfect)
nfr (active participle perfective)
nfr (participle passive perfective)
nfrw (participle passive perfective)
nfry (participle passive perfective)
nfr (active imperfective participle)
nfry (active imperfective participle)
nfrw (active imperfective participle)
nfrj (active imperfective participle)
nfr (imperfective participle passive)
nfrw (imperfective participle passive)
nfr (active participle prospective)
nfrtj (active participle prospective)
nfrtj (participle prospective)
nfrt (participle prospective)

Possibly from Proto-Afroasiatic *fir- (“to be good”) with an additional *nV- prefix. Compare also Tamahaq ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵔ (ifrar, “best”) and Saho feer (“good”).

q*Z1:r-s-t:Q6 nfr-f:r:t m i-iz-s-pr:f nfr-f:r:n-
[…] qrst nfrt m jz.f nfr n ẖrt-nṯr […]

12th Dynasty, coffin of Nakhtankh, British Museum EA 35285

[…] a good burial in his wonderful tomb of the necropolis […]

(intransitive) to be(come) of superior or admirable quality, to be(come) fine, good, or wonderful

(intransitive) to be(come) pleasant or gratifying to the senses

(intransitive) to be(come) beautiful or fair, to look good

(intransitive, of scents and flowers) to smell good

(intransitive, of food and drinks) to taste good

(intransitive, of periods of time) to be(come) pleasant or enjoyable to live through

(intransitive, of people) to acquire or have good or pleasant qualities, to be capable, agreeable, or benevolent

(intransitive, of work) to be done well or competently

(intransitive, of medicine) to be(come) effective

(intransitive, of names) to acquire or have a good reputation


mr

U23-m-r:nDs 2-lit. (canonical)
mr (infinitive)
mrw (infinitive negative)
mr (infinitive negative)
mrt (infinitive)
mr (imperative infinitive singular)
j.mr (imperative infinitive singular)
mr (imperative infinitive plural)
j.mr (imperative infinitive plural)
mr (stative)
ḥr mr (imperfective)
m mr (imperfective)
r mr (prospective)
mr.n (active perfect)
mr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
mrt (active terminative)
mr (active perfective)
mr.ḫr (active obligative)
mr (active imperfective)
j.mr (active imperfective)
mr (active prospective)
mr.kꜣ (active potential)
mr (active subjunctive)
j.mr (active subjunctive)
mr.n (active participle perfect)
mr (active participle perfective)
mrr (participle passive perfective)
mrrj (participle passive perfective)
mr (participle passive perfective)
mrw (participle passive perfective)
mry (participle passive perfective)
j.mr (active imperfective participle)
mr (active imperfective participle)
mry (active imperfective participle)
mrw (active imperfective participle)
j.mrw (active imperfective participle)
mrj (active imperfective participle)
mr (imperfective participle passive)
mrw (imperfective participle passive)
mr (active participle prospective)
mrtj (active participle prospective)
mrtj (participle prospective)
mrt (participle prospective)

Demotic: mr

>? Old Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲣ (mour), possibly, as proposed by Osing based on a reading in papyrus BM 10808. However, this occurrence of ⲙⲟⲩⲣ (mour) has alternatively been read as common Sahidic Coptic ⲙⲟⲩⲣ (mour, “to bind”).

Perhaps from Proto-Afroasiatic. Possible Berber cognates include the forms represented by Kabyle u-mr-an (“sorrows”), a-mur (“colic, stomachache”), and a-mrir (“embarrassment, great difficulty”). Possible Cushitic cognates include Oromo marar (“to be sick”), Baiso marni (“to be sad”), and Sidamo marar-s (“to be sick”). A proposed Omotic cognate is Yemsa mer-o (“illness”). Also compare the root Arabic م ر ض (m-r-ḍ, “related to ailment”).

(intransitive, of people and body parts) to be(come) physically ill or in pain, to be(come) sick or diseased, to ail, to ache (+ m or m-dj: with (an ailment) or in (a body part))

(intransitive, of the heart/mind) to feel pity or compassion (+ n: for (someone), to hurt for, to be sorry for)

(intransitive) to be(come) physically painful, to sting, to cause physical pain (+ n or r: to)

r:S-fnD-A2-w-y-s-D:d-A2-d:p*t-ns-A2-n:f-z:n-X5-D54-x:t-Y2:Z2-Ab-m:r-nDs

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) line 124

How joyful is he who recounts what he has experienced when a painful thing passes!

(intransitive, of events, words, emotions, etc.) to be(come) mentally painful, sad, distressing, unpleasant, to cause mental pain (+ r or m bꜣḥ or ḥr jb or ḥr jb n: to)

having painful fire (literally, “painful of fire”)

(intransitive, of striking power, rage, etc.) to be(come) fierce, capable of inflicting pain


mr

U7:r-V1:D40 2-lit. (canonical)
mr (infinitive)
mrw (infinitive negative)
mr (infinitive negative)
mrt (infinitive)
mr (imperative infinitive singular)
j.mr (imperative infinitive singular)
mr (imperative infinitive plural)
j.mr (imperative infinitive plural)
mr (stative)
ḥr mr (imperfective)
m mr (imperfective)
r mr (prospective)
mr.n (active perfect)
mrw (passive perfect)
mr (passive perfect)
mr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
mrt (terminative)
mr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
mr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
mr (active imperfective)
j.mr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
mr (active prospective)
mrr (passive prospective)
mr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
mr (active subjunctive)
j.mr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
mr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
mr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
mr (active participle perfective)
mrr (participle passive perfective)
mrrj (participle passive perfective)
mr (participle passive perfective)
mrw (participle passive perfective)
mry (participle passive perfective)
j.mr (active imperfective participle relative)
mr (active imperfective participle relative)
mry (active imperfective participle relative)
mrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.mr (active imperfective participle)
j.mrw (active imperfective participle)
mr (active imperfective participle)
mrj (active imperfective participle)
mry (active imperfective participle)
mr (imperfective participle passive)
mrw (imperfective participle passive)
mr (active participle prospective relative)
mrtj (active participle prospective relative)
mrtj (participle prospective)
mrt (participle prospective)

Demotic: mr, mre, mrwy, ml, mlꜣ

Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲣ (mour)

(transitive) to bind, to tie (+ m: to or with)

(transitive) to tie together, to tie (pieces of wood, flax, etc.) up

(transitive) to fetter or bind (a captive or a captive’s limbs), to tie (a person) up

(reflexive, with n) to join (someone), to attach oneself to (someone)

(intransitive, of the mouth) to be suffering from an ailment of some kind such that the mouth is (figuratively) ‘bound’


ꜣm

A-m-Q7 2-lit. (canonical)
ꜣm (infinitive)
ꜣmw (infinitive negative)
ꜣm (infinitive negative)
ꜣmt (infinitive)
ꜣm (imperative infinitive singular)
j.ꜣm (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣm (imperative infinitive plural)
j.ꜣm (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣm (stative)
ḥr ꜣm (imperfective)
m ꜣm (imperfective)
r ꜣm (prospective)
ꜣm.n (active perfect)
ꜣmw (passive perfect)
ꜣm (passive perfect)
ꜣm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜣmt (terminative)
ꜣm (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜣm.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜣm (active imperfective)
j.ꜣm (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜣm (active prospective)
ꜣmm (passive prospective)
ꜣm.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜣm (active subjunctive)
j.ꜣm (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜣm.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜣm (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜣm (active participle perfective)
ꜣmm (participle passive perfective)
ꜣmmj (participle passive perfective)
ꜣm (participle passive perfective)
ꜣmw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣmy (participle passive perfective)
j.ꜣm (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣm (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣmy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣmw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.ꜣm (active imperfective participle)
j.ꜣmw (active imperfective participle)
ꜣm (active imperfective participle)
ꜣmj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣmy (active imperfective participle)
ꜣm (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣmw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣm (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣmtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣmtj (participle prospective)
ꜣmt (participle prospective)

pr-r-D54:n-n:A-m-x:t-Q7-m-a:f-
-xpr-r:n-r-s-D35:n-w-A1-H-n:a-A-m-Q7-n:y-D35:n-w-A1-m-Hr:r-ib-s-n:Z2
pr.n nꜣ m ḫt m-ꜥ.f ḫpr.n r.s nn wj ḥnꜥ(w) ꜣm.nj nn wj m ḥr(j) jb.sn

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 130–131

They went up in flames because of it. But it happened while I wasn’t with them, and they burned up while I wasn’t in their midst.

(intransitive) to be consumed by fire, to burn (+ m: to be burned by (fire))

(transitive) to cause to be consumed by fire, to burn (+ m: to burn with (fire))