msḫtjw

msḫtjw (singular)
msḫtjwwj (dual)
msḫtjww (plural)

adze used as a ritual instrument used in the “opening of the mouth” funerary ritual to allow the deceased to eat and drink once more


nwꜣ

nwꜣ (singular)
nwꜣwj (dual)
nwꜣw (plural)

‘adze of Wepwawet’, an instrument used in the Opening of the Mouth ritual


dng

d:n-g:F21- -A1 (canonical masculine)
dng (singular)
dngwj (dual)
dngw (plural)


bntj

(dual only) (pair of) nipples (of a woman or man)

(dual only) (pair of) breasts (of a woman)


jdt

jdt (singular)
jdtj (dual)
jdwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟϯ (oti)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲟⲧⲉ (oote)


ṯꜣm

ṯꜣm (singular)
ṯꜣmwj (dual)
ṯꜣmw (plural)


ꜥmr

a:M-r:pr (canonical masculine)
ꜥmr (singular)
ꜥmrwj (dual)
ꜥmrw (plural)

Demotic: ꜥmr, ꜥmre

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲣⲉ (amre)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲗⲏ (amlē)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲣⲉ (amre), ⲁⲙⲣⲏ (amrē)

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE


jwjw

jwjw (singular)
jwjwwj (dual)
jwjww (plural)

Probably a reduplication of jw (“dog”). The verb is then likely denominal, with its meaning deriving from the cry of the dog.


mnḏr

mnḏr (singular)
mnḏrwj (dual)
mnḏrw (plural)


mnḏm

mnḏm (singular)
mnḏmwj (dual)
mnḏmw (plural)


ꜥꜣnbpꜣjr

ꜥꜣnbpꜣjr (singular)
ꜥꜣnbpꜣjrwj (dual)
ꜥꜣnbpꜣjrw (plural)


ꜥꜣb

ꜥꜣb (singular)
ꜥꜣbwj (dual)
ꜥꜣbw (plural)


šntt

šntt (singular)
šnttj (dual)
šntwt (plural)


dbnt

dbnt (singular)
dbntj (dual)
dbnwt (plural)

Speculatively, Ehret claims a derivation from Proto-Afroasiatic *dab(n)- (“hair”); as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking.

a sidelock of hair, the traditional hairstyle of children


nkw

n:k-w- (canonical masculine)
nkw (singular)
nkwwj (dual)
nkww (plural)

Demotic:  (nyk)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲕ (naeik)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲱⲓⲕ (nōik)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲛⲁⲓⲕ (naik)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲉⲓⲕ (noeik)


nwdt

nwdt (singular)
nwdtj (dual)
nwdwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲱⲟⲩϯ (nōouti)


ḥwꜣꜣt

matter seen as putrefying, such as feces or fluid discharged by a corpse


ꜣṯt

A-T:t- (canonical feminine)
ꜣṯt (singular)
ꜣṯtj (dual)
ꜣṯwt (plural)


ꜣṯyt

ꜣṯyt (singular)
ꜣṯytj (dual)
ꜣṯywt (plural)


ꜣṯwt

ꜣṯwt (singular)
ꜣṯwtj (dual)
ꜣṯwwt (plural)


nḏꜣw

Alternative form of nꜣḏꜣrw (“chip, ostracon”)


nḏꜣ

nḏꜣ (singular)
nḏꜣwj (dual)
nḏꜣw (plural)

Alternative form of mḏꜣ (“a unit of measure for dates and loaves”)


ꜥmꜥꜣt

ꜥmꜥꜣt (singular)
ꜥmꜥꜣtj (dual)
ꜥmꜥꜣwt (plural)


ꜥbḫn

ꜥbḫn (singular)
ꜥbḫnwj (dual)
ꜥbḫnw (plural)


qrr

q:r:r-TAw (canonical masculine)
qrr (singular)
qrrwj (dual)
qrrw (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲗⲟⲟⲗⲉ (kloole)


qrr

qrr (singular)
qrrwj (dual)
qrrw (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲭⲣⲟⲩⲣ (khrour)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲣⲟⲩⲣ (krour)


ḥꜥt

ḥꜥt (singular)
ḥꜥtj (dual)
ḥꜥwt (plural)


bbwt

bbwt (singular)
bbwtj (dual)
bbwwt (plural)


fḫt

fḫt (singular)
fḫtj (dual)
fḫwt (plural)


sbꜣtj

sbꜣtj (singular)
sbꜣtjwj (dual)
sbꜣtjw (plural)


ẖkrw

ẖkr (“to be(come) adorned or decorated”) + -w.


wzf

wzf (infinitive)
wzfw (infinitive negative)
wzf (infinitive negative)
wzft (infinitive)
wzf (imperative infinitive singular)
wzf (imperative infinitive plural)
wzf (stative)
ḥr wzf (imperfective)
m wzf (imperfective)
r wzf (prospective)
wzf.n (active perfect)
wzfw (passive perfect)
wzf (passive perfect)
wzf.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
wzft (terminative)
wzf (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
wzf.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
wzf (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
wzf (active prospective)
wzff (passive prospective)
wzf.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
wzf (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
wzf.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
wzf (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
wzf (active participle perfective)
wzf (participle passive perfective)
wzfw (participle passive perfective)
wzfy (participle passive perfective)
wzf (active imperfective participle relative)
wzfy (active imperfective participle relative)
wzfw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
wzf (active imperfective participle)
wzfj (active imperfective participle)
wzfy (active imperfective participle)
wzf (imperfective participle passive)
wzfw (imperfective participle passive)
wzf (active participle prospective relative)
wzftj (active participle prospective relative)
wzftj (participle prospective)
wzft (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

wzft

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.

(Late Egyptian) idleness, time off, leave, lack of work for workers


krtj

Suffixed with -tj (dual suffix). Some form of (loan) relationship with Proto-Semitic *ḳarn- and/or Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- has been suggested (see those pages for more) but is problematic to establish.

(dual only) the two horns of Amun’s headdress


ḥbw

H- -b (canonical masculine)
ḥbw (singular)
ḥbwwj (dual)
ḥbww (plural)


šzpw

Alternative form of šzp (“statue, image, sphinx”)


rnp

rnp (singular)
rnpwj (dual)
rnpw (plural)


sḏm ꜥš

sDm-m-a:S (canonical masculine)
sḏm ꜥš (singular)
sḏmwj ꜥš (dual)
sḏmw ꜥš (plural)

/sɛd͡ʒɛm ɑːʃ/

sḏm (“to hear, to obey”) + ꜥš (“call, summons”).


kꜣry

kꜣry (singular)
kꜣrywj (dual)
kꜣryw (plural)


njnj

ir:t-n:y-n:y-
― jrt njnj ― making greeting


qꜣs

qꜣs (singular)
qꜣswj (dual)
qꜣsw (plural)


ḥmy

ḥmy (singular)
ḥmywj (dual)
ḥmyw (plural)


ḫsbd

Alternative form of ḫsbḏ (“lapis lazuli”)


btꜣ

btꜣ (singular)
btꜣwj (dual)
btꜣw (plural)

innocent (person), (person) with no sins

b-t:U30-A-Z9:nDs-aA:n-m&t-A14 ― btꜣ ꜥꜣ n m(w)t ― an evil deed deserving of death (literally, “evil deed great unto death”)

c. 1250 BCE, Book of the Dead of Ani (British Museum EA 10470) chapter 30B, speech of Thoth, column 6–7


nšnj

z:r-E20-A2-s-n:Z2-D:a-P5-D35-ii-i-t:D54-n:S-n:y-E20-A24-D35:xpr-r&t:f

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 30–32

They could predict a stormwind before it came or a thunderstorm before it happened.


ṯnwt

T:n-nw-w-t-Y1:Z2-E1:Z2-T14-W:t-Z5:Z2ss-nb:t


sḏrt

(Late Egyptian, uncountable) confinement to bed; bedrest, bedriddenness


dbḥt-ḥtp

dbḥt (“necessity”) + ḥtp (“offering”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘necessity of the offering’.

(uncountable) funerary meal offered to the dead

(uncountable) altar for food offerings to the dead


šr

S:r-Xrd (canonical masculine)
šr (singular)
šrwj (dual)
šrw (plural)

Demotic: (šr)

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲏⲣⲓ (šēri)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲏⲗⲓ (šēli), ϣⲏⲣⲓ (šēri)

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲏⲣⲉ (šēre)

(Late Egyptian) son, especially a younger son


nt-ḥtrj

nt-ḥtrj (singular)
ntj-ḥtrj (dual)
nwt-ḥtrj (plural)
nt-ḥtrj (plural)

nt (feminine of nj (“of, belonging to”)) + ḥtrj (“team of animals”), thus ‘(what is) belonging to the team of animals’.

af

feminine of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">nj</i> (“of, belonging to”)

warrior who fights from a chariot, charioteer


ḥzy

Hz-i-i (canonical masculine)
ḥzy (singular)
ḥz (singular)
ḥzywj (dual)
ḥzwj (dual)
ḥzyw (plural)
ḥzw (plural)

Demotic: ḥsy

desc

→ Ancient Greek: ἁσιῆς (hasiês), ἑσιῆς (hesiês)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲥⲓⲉ (esie)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲁⲥⲓⲉ (hasie)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲁⲥⲓⲉ (hasie), ϩⲁⲥⲉⲓⲉ (haseie), ϩⲁⲥⲓⲏ (hasiē)

favored one, esteemed one (+ following direct genitive: one favored by …, one esteemed by …)

epithet for one of the dead who have been judged righteous


psštj

psštj (singular)
psštjwj (dual)
psštjw (plural)


ẖrt-hrw

ẖrt (“possession, belonging”) + hrw (“day”) in a direct genitive construction.


qꜣbt

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲓⲃⲉ (kibe), ⲕⲓⲃⲉ (kibe), ⲕⲓⲉⲃⲉ (kiebe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲕⲓϥⲓ (kifi)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲕⲉⲓⲃⲉ (keibe), ⲕⲓⲃⲉ (kibe)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲕⲓⲃⲓ (ekibi)


qꜣbt

qꜣbt (singular)
qꜣbtj (dual)
qꜣbwt (plural)


sšd

sšd (singular)
sšdwj (dual)
sšdw (plural)


sšd

bandage for wrapping mummies and cultic images; mummy wrappings

strip of linen upon which words are to be written in hope of bringing about their efficacy, for example words of magic spells or New Year’s wishes

fillet, headband, typically with two feathers attached


sšd

Demotic: ššṱ, ššt, ššte, sšṱ

Akhmimic Coptic: ϣⲱϣⲧ (šōšt)

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲟⲩϣⲧ (šoušt)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲟⲩϣⲧ (šoušt)

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲟⲩϣⲧ̄ (šoušt̄), ϣⲱϣⲧ (šōšt)

(Late Egyptian) particularly, the magnificent window of the royal palace where the king makes public appearances


jꜣḫmjnš

From Old Persian 𐏃𐎧𐎠𐎶𐎴𐎡𐏁𐎡𐎹 (Haxāmanišiya).

<-ini-T:rw-i-wA-SA->-anx-D&t&tA-G40-aA:a-G40-wr:r-A21-n:n-A-wr:r-A21-Z3-!-G40--HASH-HASH-HASH-HASH-HASH-HASH-wA-i-i--SA-ti-i-Aa18:p-i-i-A41-i-A-x:H_SPACE-m-i-n:N38-A41
jnṯrwjwꜣšꜣ ꜥnḫ ḏt pꜣ ꜥꜣ pꜣ wr n(j) nꜣ wrw pꜣ [… wꜣy]šꜣtjsꜣpy jꜣḫmjnš

c. 522–486 BCE, Tell el-Maskhuta stela of Darius I (Cairo JE 48855), lines 4–5

Darius, alive forever, the great one, the king of kings, the [… son of Hy]staspes the Achaemenid


zwn

zwn (singular)
zwnwj (dual)
zwnw (plural)


sdꜣ

sdꜣ (singular)
sdꜣwj (dual)
sdꜣw (plural)

Botaurus stellaris
Botaurus stellaris#Translingual


ḥmt-nṯr

nTr-Hm-t (canonical feminine)
ḥmt-nṯr (singular)
ḥmtj-nṯr (dual)
ḥmwt-nṯr (plural)

From ḥmt (“servant”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘servant of the god’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


ḏdft

ḏdft (singular)
ḏdftj (dual)
ḏdfwt (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ϫⲉⲧϥⲉ (četfe)

Bohairic Coptic: ϭⲁⲧϥⲓ (catfi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϫⲉⲧϥⲓ (četfi)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲁⲧϥⲉ (čatfe), ϫⲁⲧⲃⲉ (čatbe)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϫⲉⲧϥⲉ (četfe)

From ḏdf (“to form goosebumps, to stand on end”) + -t.

af

N17:N21*p:n-M:a:f-N35B:f-TAw:f-s-M21:M-Hn:f-mn:n:mn:n-t:E1:f-nb:t-pA-i-i-t:nb:t-H_SPACE:x-t:xn-N35C:nb:t-D&d:f:t-I14:Z2:f-qmA-w&t-E29*Z2ss:f-xAst:t*Z1-!-s-U4:a-w-N-zA-Z1:H_SPACE-nw*t:pt-tA:tA:N21*N21-h:r-w-Hr:r:z
tꜣ pn m-ꜥ.f mw.f ṯꜣw.f sm(w).f mnmnt.f nbt pꜣyt nbt ḫnnt nbt ḏdfwt.f ꜥwt.f ḫꜣst smꜣꜥ.w n zꜣ nwt tꜣwj hr.w ḥr.s

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 11–12

This land is in his hand — its water and its wind, its plants and all its cattle, all that flies and all that lands, its creeping creatures and its quadrupeds of the desert, were given to the son of Nut, and the Two Lands (Egypt) are pleased with it.

any crawling legless animal; snake, serpent, worm


ḏnd

ḏnd (singular)
ḏndwj (dual)
ḏndw (plural)


qꜣꜣ

q-A-A-q (canonical masculine)
qꜣꜣ (singular)
qꜣꜣwj (dual)
qꜣꜣw (plural)


ꜣpḥ

(hapax) A kind of animal given as an offering. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

m:a-t:n:Z2-Hm-t-Z1-B1:Z2-HASH-HASH-HASH-HASH-V_HASH-Hr-Z1-W-d:n-nw-W-U32-Y1:Z2-A-p-H-W-Z5:Z2ss
m.tn ḥmwt […] ḥr wdnw ꜣpḥw
Behold, maidservants […] are offering up piglets/waterfowl.

c. 1295 BCE – 1186 BCE, The Admonitions of Ipuwer (pLeiden I 344 Recto) 8,12–8.13


jpḥ

jpḥ (singular)
jpḥwj (dual)
jpḥw (plural)

pig as an offering, probably specifically a piglet


ꜣf

Greco-Roman Period form of fꜣw (“magnificence, might”)


ꜣfjw

(uncountable) yield or catch from hunting fish and fowl


ꜣmw

(medicine, uncountable) name of a disease


sḫw

sḫw (singular)
sḫwwj (dual)
sḫww (plural)

From wsḫ (“to be(come) broad, breadth”) + -w (noun-forming suffix). For the loss of initial w- compare ꜥbw from wꜥb.

h-A-D54:k\-w-A1-r-M14-wr-r:N36-m-d:p*t-P1-n:t-mH:a-V1-V20:V20-m-Aw-W-s-!-mH:a-V20:V20-V20:V20-m-s-x-w-D32-s-s-qd-d-A30-A1-V1-V20:V20-i-m-s-m-stp:Y2-n:km-m-t:niwt
hꜣ.kw r wꜣḏ-wr m dpt nt št-mḏwtj mḥ m ꜣw.s ḥmw mḥ m sḫw.s št-mḏwtj sqd jm.s m stp n(j) kmt

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 24–28

I had gone down to the sea in a boat of a hundred twenty cubits in length and forty cubits in breadth, with a hundred twenty sailors in it of the choice of Egypt.


ḏḥꜥ

ḏḥꜥ (singular)
ḏḥꜥwj (dual)
ḏḥꜥw (plural)


ꜣḫyt

Ax-x-i-i-t:pr (canonical feminine)
ꜣḫyt (singular)
ꜣḫytj (dual)
ꜣḫywt (plural)

A room of some kind. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


nb-ꜥnḫ

nb-anx-n:x (canonical masculine)
nb-ꜥnḫ (singular)
nbwj-ꜥnḫ (dual)
nbw-ꜥnḫ (plural)

nb (“lord, possessor”) + ꜥnḫ (“life”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘possessor of life’.

dead person who has successfully completed the transition to the afterlife (and so become ‘living’), especially as an epithet for Osiris


nb-ꜥnḫ

nb-ꜥnḫ (singular)
nbwj-ꜥnḫ (dual)
nbw-ꜥnḫ (plural)


šnꜥw

Sna:a-w-pr (canonical masculine)
šnꜥw (singular)
šnꜥwwj (dual)
šnꜥww (plural)

forced labor camp or workshop, labor establishment, often for captives and slaves

storehouse, magazine, storage space, especially for food (+ genitive: belonging to (someone), for storing (something))


šdw

šdw (singular)
šdwwj (dual)
šdww (plural)


ꜥḫḫw

Middle Kingdom form of jḫḫw (“twilight, dusk”)


wꜥbt

wꜥbt (singular)
wꜥbtj (dual)
wꜥbwt (plural)


štw

štw (singular)
štwwj (dual)
štww (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ϫⲓⲧ (čit)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲓⲧⲥ (šits), ϭⲓⲧⲥ (cits)


znbt

z:n-b-t-Hz (canonical feminine)
znbt (singular)
znbtj (dual)
znbwt (plural)


šꜣwꜣbtj

šꜣwꜣbtj (singular)
šꜣwꜣbtjwj (dual)
šꜣwꜣbtjw (plural)

→ English: shawabti, shabti, ushabti

→ German: Uschebti

Perhaps from šwꜣb (“persea (tree)”) + -t + -j, with persea perhaps being the material they were originally made from. The Late Period form wšbtj is apparently reshaped by folk etymology from wšb (“to answer”) + -t + -j, thus literally ‘answerer’.


jnr ḥḏ nfr n rwḏt

jnr (“stone”) + ḥḏ (“white”) + nfr (“pleasing, fine”) + n(j) (“of”) + rwḏt (“hard stone”), thus literally ‘fine white stone of hard rock’.


jnr ḥḏ mnḫ n rwḏt

jnr (“stone”) + ḥḏ (“white”) + mnḫ (“effective, worthwhile”) + n(j) (“of”) + rwḏt (“hard stone”), thus literally ‘worthwhile white stone of hard rock’.


rwḏt

rwḏt (singular)
rwḏtj (dual)
rwḏwt (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲣⲁⲟⲩⲧⲉ (raoute)

rwḏ (“to be firm”) + -t. As ‘sandstone’, a shortening of the full phrase jnr ḥḏ nfr n rwḏt (literally “fine white stone of hard rock”); sandstone, despite being relatively soft as far as rocks go, is often harder than limestone, the other principal stone used by the Egyptians for building.


mnḥtj

desc

→ Ancient Greek: θαλλός (thallós, “gift”) (semantic loan)

A borrowing from Semitic; compare Hebrew מִנְחָה (minḥā, “gift offering, afternoon prayer”), Arabic مِنْحَة (minḥa, “gift”), Phoenician 𐤌𐤍𐤇𐤕 (mnḥt), Ge'ez መሐና (mäḥäna).


tmꜣ

tmꜣ (singular)
tmꜣwj (dual)
tmꜣw (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲑⲟⲙ (thom)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲟⲙ (tom)


nms

nms (singular)
nmswj (dual)
nmsw (plural)

→ English: nemes

From m- (noun-forming prefix) + *ms (“to twist, to weave”) with regular dissimilation of m- to n- before a labial consonant; for the stem, itself unattested, compare the extended verb msn (“to twist, to weave”).


jqdw

head

<hiero>i-qd-</hiero>

 <hiero>d</hiero>

<hiero>-w-A35</hiero>

i-qd- d -w-A35 (canonical masculine)
jqdw (singular)
jqdwwj (dual)
jqdww (plural)

Coptic: ⲉⲕⲱⲧ (ekōt)

r-di-Hm-f-
--s--f:T-W1-x-w-z-A34-n:*f*-
-i-iz-z-
-i-n-iz-iz-iz-n:t-
-qd-A1-A1-A1
rḏj ḥm.f [s]fṯ ḫwz n[.f] jz jn jzwt nt (j)qdw

6th Dynasty, Giza, Western Cemetery, Shaft G 2188 Y, Block of sunk relief inscription mentioning the dog Abutiu (35-10-22/Cairo JE 67573), lines 6–9

His Majesty gave pine oil and (ordered) that a tomb be built for him by a gang of builders.


jdḥw

(figuratively) vegetation, plants, especially papyrus or boats made of plants


ntb

ntb (infinitive)
ntbw (infinitive negative)
ntb (infinitive negative)
ntbt (infinitive)
ntb (imperative infinitive singular)
ntb (imperative infinitive plural)
ntb (stative)
ḥr ntb (imperfective)
m ntb (imperfective)
r ntb (prospective)
ntb.n (active perfect)
ntbw (passive perfect)
ntb (passive perfect)
ntb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ntbt (terminative)
ntb (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ntb.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ntb (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ntb (active prospective)
ntbb (passive prospective)
ntb.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ntb (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ntb.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ntb (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ntb (active participle perfective)
ntb (participle passive perfective)
ntbw (participle passive perfective)
ntby (participle passive perfective)
ntb (active imperfective participle relative)
ntby (active imperfective participle relative)
ntbw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ntb (active imperfective participle)
ntbj (active imperfective participle)
ntby (active imperfective participle)
ntb (imperfective participle passive)
ntbw (imperfective participle passive)
ntb (active participle prospective relative)
ntbtj (active participle prospective relative)
ntbtj (participle prospective)
ntbt (participle prospective)

x:r-A15:n-i-b-E8-t-A2-A-s-V2:D54-n:f-w-!-n:t-b-Z6-k\-w-A1-x:x-F11-A1-x-m-w-P5
ḫr.n jbt ꜣs.n.f w(j) ntb.kw ḫḫ.j ḫm.w

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 21–22

Thirst fell and overtook me so that I was parched and my throat was like dust.


bꜣs

bꜣs (singular)
bꜣswj (dual)
bꜣsw (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲃⲁⲥ (bas)


ḥts

ḥts (singular)
ḥtswj (dual)
ḥtsw (plural)


ḏbꜥwt

ḏbꜥwt (singular)
ḏbꜥwtj (dual)
ḏbꜥwwt (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲃ̄ⲃⲉ (tb̄be)

desc

→ Hebrew: טַבַּעַת

→ Hebrew: טַבַּעַת

/d͡ʒɛbɑːuːt/


ḥjpt

ḥjpt (singular)
ḥjptj (dual)
ḥjpwt (plural)

ḥjp (“to hasten”) + -t (feminine ending).


jmꜣt

jmꜣt (singular)
jmꜣtj (dual)
jmꜣwt (plural)

From jmꜣ (“to be(come) kindly, friendly, or gracious”) + -t.

jmꜣ <t:to be(come) kindly, friendly, or gracious>

kindness, friendliness, graciousness, charm

belovedness, well-likedness, favor (+ genitive: possessed by (someone))


jmꜣt

i-mA-t (canonical feminine)
jmꜣt (singular)
jmꜣtj (dual)
jmꜣwt (plural)

Probably from jꜣm (“to bind for sacrifice”) + -t.


ḏꜣḏꜣw

Coptic: ϫⲱ (čō), ϫⲟⲩ (čou)

/d͡ʒɑd͡ʒɑuː/

Perhaps related to ḏꜣḏꜣ (“head”). Compare the development of German Kopf, French tête, English noggin, each meaning ‘head’ from earlier ‘mug’/‘pot’.

pot (used for mixing drugs, burning fumigants, storing honey, etc.)


ꜥẖmw nw ꜣḫt

ꜥẖmw (“falcons, cultic images”) + nw (“of”) + ꜣḫt (“place of sunrise”).

(plural only, hapax) Some sort of images found in a royal morning audience hall. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

paintings of animals and plants reacting to the rising of the sun

r:a-k-w-A1-r:pr-sw-t:n-zA-A1-A50-s-s-Y1:Z2-i-m-f-!-s-q:b-b-W-y-wab-mw-pr-i-m-f:a:X-m-N33C*Z2ss:nw*Z1-Axt-t:pr
rdj.kw r pr zꜣ-nswt špssw jm.f sqbbwj jm.f ꜥẖmw nw ꜣḫt […]

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) line 286–287

I was put in a prince’s house with finery in it, a room of refreshment in it, and cultic images of the Akhet, […]


ꜣsbyw

ꜣzb (“to glow fiercely, to burn”) + -y + -w.


t ꜣšr

t ꜣšr (singular)
twj ꜣšrwj (dual)
tw ꜣšrw (plural)


ꜣqw

ꜣq (“to perish, to fall to ruin, to wane”) + -w.


jqḥw

jqḥw (singular)
jqḥwwj (dual)
jqḥww (plural)

Perhaps compare qḥ (“to break stones”), qḥqḥ (“to hammer”), if not jqḥ (“to enter, to illuminate”).

(figuratively) military strikeforce as an extension of royal power


ꜣtjwt

A-ti-i-W:t-xt (canonical feminine)
ꜣtjwt (singular)
ꜣtjwtj (dual)
ꜣtjwwt (plural)


ꜣtyt

ꜣtyt (singular)
ꜣtytj (dual)
ꜣtywt (plural)

Alternative form of ꜣṯyt (“nanny, nurse”)


ꜣṯpw

(figurative) something wearisome or oppressive, burden


qꜣr

qꜣr (singular)
qꜣrwj (dual)
qꜣrw (plural)


ꜣtpwt

ꜣtpwt (singular)
ꜣtpwtj (dual)
ꜣtpwwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲧⲫⲱ (etphō)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲧⲡⲱ (etpō)

ꜣṯp + -w + -t. A form with the original -ṯ- as the second radical is unattested for this word.


wḏb

wḏb (singular)
wḏbwj (dual)
wḏbw (plural)


ꜣdw

ꜣdw (singular)
ꜣdwwj (dual)
ꜣdww (plural)

ꜣd (“to be aggressive or raging”) + -w (agent nominalizer).


sšp

sšp (singular)
sšpwj (dual)
sšpw (plural)

xa:Hr*g-n:t:t:f-mi-i-C1-w-b-n:ra:f-m-Axt:t-r:a:f-O43:p-ra:n-Hr:Z1-k:k-N3-!-s-HD-D&ra-n:f-Sw-w-ra:H_SPACE-m-S9-f:y-G32-n:f-tA:tA:N21*N21-mi-i-i-T:n:ra-m-tp*Z1:dwA-i-i-t:ra
ḫꜥ ḥr nst nt (j)t.f mj rꜥ wbn.f m ꜣḫt rdj.f šsp n ḥr(j) kkw sḥḏ.n.f šw m šwtj.fj bꜥḥ.n.f tꜣwj mj jṯn m tp-dwꜣyt

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 12–13

One shining forth on the throne of his father like Ra when he rises in the Akhet, he gave light to what was covered by darkness, having brightened the air with his two plumes, having flooded the Two Lands (Egypt) like the sun disk at the break of dawn.


zḫn

zḫn (singular)
zḫnwj (dual)
zḫnw (plural)


zḫn

An internal organ or tissue of an animal eaten as food. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


zḫn

(usually in the dual) float made of tied-together reeds


sšmw

sšmw (singular)
sšmwwj (dual)
sšmww (plural)

cultic image of a god and his sacred barque

earthly visible form of a god (in contrast to the ba)


bw-nb

bw (“place, thing, -ness”) + nb (“every”).

b-w-nb:x:n:t-S:fnD:Y1-ib:Z2ss-nDm-HAt:ib*Z2ss-Xr:r-r:S-w&t
bw-nb ḫntš(.w) jbw nḏm(.w) ḥꜣtjw ẖr ršwt

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 21

Everybody is glad, minds are sweet, hearts are in joy.


hn

md-D-<-wn:n-i-s->-p-w-D-H-A-M33-i-R8A-HA-A-O7-t:pr-ra-
-ms-n:n-H-nH-t-R8A-i-imi-t-HAt:t-P3:ra-N42-s-<-wn:n-i-s->-m-mt:f-
-i-wn:n-<-wn:n-i-s->-h*nw:Q5-Q5:Q5-f-i-s-

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume III, Providence: Brown University, PT 309.1–309.7 (Pyr. 490a–491d), W

ḏd-mdw wnjs pw ḏḥꜣj nṯrw ḥꜣ(j) ḥwt rꜥ ms.n nḥt-nṯrw jmt ḥꜣt wjꜣ rꜥ ḥms wnjs m bꜣḥ.f j.wn wnjs hnw.f j.sḏ wnjs wḏw.f ḫtm wnjs mḏꜣwt.f hꜣb wnjs wptjw.f j.tmw wrḏ jr wnjs j.ḏdt.f n wnjs

(figuratively) body as a holder for the heart

(figuratively) skull as a holder for the brain


nsrt

nsrt (singular)
nsrtj (dual)
nsrwt (plural)


šrt

S:r-t:fnD (canonical feminine)
šrt (singular)
šrtj (dual)
šrwt (plural)


nḏt-ḥr

nḏt-ḥr (singular)
nḏtj-ḥr (dual)
nḏwt-ḥr (plural)

nḏt + ḥr. Compare j.nḏ ḥr (“hail, greetings”).

offering gift for the dead, especially one given by the towns of a funerary estate (pr-ḏt)


šmt

šmt (singular)
šmtj (dual)
šmwt (plural)


jnbt

jnbt (singular)
jnbtj (dual)
jnbwt (plural)


jbṯt

jbṯt (singular)
jbṯtj (dual)
jbṯwt (plural)

>? Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲃⲟⲩ (abou)

>? Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲃⲱ (abō)

>? Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲃⲱ (abō)

>? Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲃⲱ (abō)

bird trap, consisting of a net stretched over a framework that snapped shut when triggered


kꜣw

k\-A-w-N33C:Z2-i-m-H-n:a-n:q-w:*t-N33C:Z2-O43-p:t-N33C:Z2-mi-i-ir-t-s
kꜣw jm ḥnꜥ nq(ꜥ)wt sšpt mj jr.t(w).s

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 49–50

Unripe sycamore figs were there along with ripe ones, and muskmelons as if cultivated.


nqꜥwt

Demotic: ꜣlqw

Coptic: ⲉⲗⲕⲱ (elkō)

nqꜥ (“to scratch”) + -wt. Sycamore figs were scraped or gashed in order to make them ripen more quickly; otherwise, they would be full of insects and inedible by the time they ripened.


kfꜣ

k:f-A-pH (canonical masculine)
kfꜣ (singular)
kfꜣwj (dual)
kfꜣw (plural)


kꜣpt

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: κῦφι (kûphi), κοῖφῐ (koîphĭ)
→ Latin: cȳphi, cȳfi, quīfi (manuscript variants)
>? Catalan: xufla, xufa
>? Spanish: chufa
→ English: chufa

kꜣp (“to cense”) + -t (feminine ending).


kfꜣ-jb

kfꜣ (“to be(come) discreet”) + jb (“heart, mind”).


bꜥḥw

b-a-H-w-mw (canonical masculine)
bꜥḥw (singular)
bꜥḥwwj (dual)
bꜥḥww (plural)


šbb

šbb (singular)
šbbwj (dual)
šbbw (plural)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲟⲩⲱⲃⲉ (šouōbe), ϣⲟⲩⲟⲃⲉ (šouobe)

Akhmimic Coptic: ϣⲟⲩⲱⲃⲉ (šouōbe), ϣⲟⲩⲟⲃⲉ (šouobe)

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲃⲱⲃⲓ (šbōbi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲟⲩⲱⲃⲓ (šouōbi)


zššt

zššt (singular)
zšštj (dual)
zššwt (plural)

ir-z:S:S-t-Y8 ― jrj zššt ― to play sistrum (+ n: for (someone); + n ḥr: before (someone))


smt

smt (singular)
smtj (dual)
smwt (plural)

i-w-A1-Aa15-S:r-i-A17-D35-ir:t-A1-N41:t-B1-i-w-s-Dr:r-A55-A1-Aa15-s-m-t-S28-V8-n:nw-w-Z7:Z2

c. 1500 BCE, Ahmose, son of Ebana, Biography of Ahmose, line 6

I was a youth before I had not married, I slept in a net hammock.

jw.j m šrj n jrt.j ḥmt jw sḏr.j m smt šnw.


wꜣr

wꜣr (singular)
wꜣrwj (dual)
wꜣrw (plural)

(Late Egyptian) a kind of lute or reed pipe


mgꜣ

mgꜣ (singular)
mgꜣwj (dual)
mgꜣw (plural)


fꜣt

fꜣt (singular)
fꜣtj (dual)
fꜣwt (plural)

making of an offering, generally of food or drink


fꜣt

yield, returns, including financial interest


šdšd

Sd:d-Sd:d- (canonical masculine)
šdšd (singular)
šdšdwj (dual)
šdšdw (plural)

a bulbous, curling ornament or protuberance attached to the front of divine standards, particularly that of Wepwawet


bꜣyt

bꜣyt (singular)
bꜣytj (dual)
bꜣywt (plural)


bbt

bbt (singular)
bbtj (dual)
bbwt (plural)


šꜣrm

From a Northwest Semitic form reflected in Hebrew שָׁלוֹם (šālōm).

cog

Hebrew שָׁלוֹם (šālōm)

-W:A1:Z2-p*x:d:xr-Hr*Z1:D&d-SA:A-r:M:a-A4:Z2
wrw p(ꜣ)ḫd ḥr ḏd šꜣrm

c. 1208 B.C.E., Merneptah Stele, Line 26

The overthrown princes are saying ‘Peace!’


jbn

jbn (singular)
jbnwj (dual)
jbnw (plural)


ꜣkwt

(hapax) a kind of external symptom of disease


jmnḥ

jmnḥ (singular)
jmnḥwj (dual)
jmnḥw (plural)


wst

From wsj (“to saw”) + -t (feminine suffix).


swḫꜣ

s-w-xA-A-nDs (canonical masculine)
swḫꜣ (singular)
swḫꜣwj (dual)
swḫꜣw (plural)

s- (causative prefix) + wḫꜣ (“to be foolish”).

af

misspeaking or ineffectiveness in speaking (usually of spells, magic, etc.)


jmst

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲓⲥⲓ (amisi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲙⲓⲥⲉ (emise)


wrm

wrm (singular)
wrmwj (dual)
wrmw (plural)

Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲁⲙ (ouram)

Perhaps compare Proto-Semitic *rayam-, Proto-Semitic *rawam-, Arabic وَرِمَ (warima).


wrm

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙ (ourōm)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲣⲱⲙ (mrōm), ⲉⲙⲣⲱⲙ (emrōm)


wrmt

wr:r-m-t- (canonical feminine)
wrmt (singular)
wrmtj (dual)
wrmwt (plural)

Perhaps from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *wurVm-. Possibly related to wrm (“to grow, to rise; flood, high point of inundation”).

h-A-<-p-p-i-i->-p-w-s-x:t-T27:n-G5-z-H-O22-f:Hr-tp:k-
-p:S-S:n-s-t:S-wr:r-m-t-

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume VI, Providence: Brown University, PT 690.21–690.22 (Pyr. 2100a–2100c), P

hꜣ ppj pw sḫt.n ḥr zḥ.k ḥr tp.k pšš.n stš wrmwt.k šnj[.t(j)] jn zḥ-nṯr

(often in the plural) canopy, awning, coverings of a shelter or tent

roof of a building, roofing, perhaps sometimes in particular battlements, crenellations, parapets along a roof


jꜣft

jꜣft (singular)
jꜣftj (dual)
jꜣfwt (plural)

Possibly from Proto-Afroasiatic *liʔif-/*liʔaf (“fingernail, claw”).


rmrmt

rmrmt (singular)
rmrmtj (dual)
rmrmwt (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲣⲉⲣⲙⲏ (rermē)


ḫpd

ḫpd (singular)
ḫpdwj (dual)
ḫpdw (plural)

Possibly froma form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *paḫVǯ-. Compare also Proto-Semitic **paḫ(i)d_-, Arabic فَخِذ (faḵiḏ, “thigh”).

(usually in the dual) buttock(s), butt, rump


mṯꜣ

mṯꜣ (singular)
mṯꜣwj (dual)
mṯꜣw (plural)


pḏ šs

pḏ (to stretch) + šs (“cord”), thus ‘stretching the cord’.

the stretching the cord ceremony (+ ḥr or m: for (a temple, building))


bhꜣw

bhꜣw (singular)
bhꜣwwj (dual)
bhꜣww (plural)

bhꜣ (“to flee, to turn tail”) + -w (agent nominalizer).

af

T9:D54-D54-D54-D54-p-w-s*sk:k-G37:f-b-h-A-W-D54:A1

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 56

He is one who strides widely when he destroys the fleeing man.

person on the retreat or in flight, fugitive, retreater


jrkt

jrkt (singular)
jrktj (dual)
jrkwt (plural)


ḥmt-nswt

ḥmt-nswt (singular)
ḥmtj-nswt (dual)
ḥmwt-nswt (plural)

From ḥmt + nswt in a direct genitive construction. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


ḥmt-nswt-wrt

ḥmt-nswt-wrt (singular)
ḥmtj-nswt-wrtj (dual)
ḥmwt-nswt-wrwt (plural)
ḥmwt-nswt-wrt (plural)

From ḥmt-nswt (“queen”) + wrt (“great”).


jhb

jhb (singular)
jhbwj (dual)
jhbw (plural)


wbḫt

wbḫ (“to become bright, to brighten”) + -t.


ḥnzkt

H-Hn:n-z:k-t- (canonical feminine)
ḥnzkt (singular)
ḥnzktj (dual)
ḥnzkwt (plural)


ꜥr

Demotic: ꜥl

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲗ (al)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲗ (al)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲗ (el)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲗ (al)

pebble, including as used as a game piece


ꜥr

a:r- (canonical masculine)
ꜥr (singular)
ꜥrwj (dual)
ꜥrw (plural)


jꜣwtj

jꜣwtj (singular)
jꜣwtjwj (dual)
jꜣwtjw (plural)


jꜣyt

jꜣyt (singular)
jꜣytj (dual)
jꜣywt (plural)


jꜣbtjw

Z9-N31:n-A1-Hr-Z1-iAb-b-t-tyw-N23-Z1-i-A2-k\-w-A19-xAst--m-Hr:r--i--i-t--pt:*xAst*-nb:*t*-I12-Dw:S-G27
swꜣ.n.j ḥr jꜣbtjw jkw [m ḥryt] nb[t]-ḏw-(d)š(r)

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 14–15

I passed by the east side of the Tura quarry [above] the Lad[y] of the Red Mountain.

Z9:D54-n:A1-Hr-Z1-iAb-b-tyw-xAst-i-A2-k\-W-A19-xAst-m-Hr:r-i-i-t:pt-*nb*:t-Dw-d:S-r:Z5-I12
swꜣ.n.j ḥr jꜣbtjw jkw m ḥryt [nb]t-ḏw-dšr

c. 1800 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version R (pRamesseum A/pBerlin 10499, Verso) lines 39–41

I passed by the east side of the Tura quarry above the [Lad]y of the Red Mountain.


ḫpp

ḫpp (singular)
ḫppwj (dual)
ḫppw (plural)


mḏꜣ

mḏꜣ (singular)
mḏꜣwj (dual)
mḏꜣw (plural)


ḥbbt

ḥbbt (singular)
ḥbbtj (dual)
ḥbbwt (plural)


wꜥbw

wꜥbw (singular)
wꜥbwwj (dual)
wꜥbww (plural)

pure or sacred robe worn by gods and the dead


jꜣṯw

jꜣṯw (singular)
jꜣṯwwj (dual)
jꜣṯww (plural)

jꜣṯ (“to be(come) injured, mutilated”) + -w. Compare jꜣtjw (“mutilation”) of the same derivation.


jꜣm

Alternative form of jmꜣ (“a kind of tree”)


sjp

sjp (singular)
sjpwj (dual)
sjpw (plural)

s- (causative prefix) + jp (“to count, to assess, to assign”).


ẖꜣk-jb

ẖꜣk-jb (singular)
ẖꜣkwj-jb (dual)
ẖꜣkw-jb (plural)

ẖꜣk (“to be(come) cunning, devious”) + jb (“heart, mind”), literally ‘devious of mind’.

(usually in the plural) rebel, malcontent


qꜣw

qꜣw (singular)
qꜣwwj (dual)
qꜣww (plural)

qꜣj (“to be(come) high, tall, loud”) + -w.

(usually of the sky) height, distance above the ground

height, distance from base to top, tallness (as a dimension)


qꜣw

q-A-w-q (canonical masculine)
qꜣw (singular)
qꜣwwj (dual)
qꜣww (plural)


jbs

i-b-s- (canonical masculine)
jbs (singular)
jbswj (dual)
jbsw (plural)

a kind of royal headdress, the ibes-crown


ṯwpꜣjr

ṯwpꜣjr (singular)
ṯwpꜣjrwj (dual)
ṯwpꜣjrw (plural)

From Canaanite *sōpir-. Semitic translation of Egyptian zẖꜣw.


jꜣb

(Pyramid Texts) Alternative form of jꜣbt (“east wind”)


jꜣk

jꜣk (singular)
jꜣkwj (dual)
jꜣkw (plural)

old man, particularly as an experienced person


jꜣkw

jꜣkw (singular)
jꜣkwwj (dual)
jꜣkww (plural)

Alternative form of jkw (“stone quarry”)


jkw

jkw (singular)
jkwwj (dual)
jkww (plural)


jꜣkby

i-A-k-b-i-i- -D3 (canonical masculine)
jꜣkby (singular)
jꜣkbywj (dual)
jꜣkbyw (plural)

From jꜣkb (“to mourn”) + -y (agent nominalizer).


jꜣd

i-A-d:nDs (canonical masculine)
jꜣd (singular)
jꜣdwj (dual)
jꜣdw (plural)


jꜣdt

i-A-d:t-idt (canonical feminine)
jꜣdt (singular)
jꜣdtj (dual)
jꜣdwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲱϯ (iōti)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲱⲧⲉ (eiōte)

‘dew’ or ‘sweat’ of a god, in figurative reference to the god’s pleasant scent


jꜣdt

jꜣdt (singular)
jꜣdtj (dual)
jꜣdwt (plural)

From jꜣd (“to suffer, to experience a lack”) + -t (feminine suffix).


jꜣdt

i-A-d:t- (canonical feminine)
jꜣdt (singular)
jꜣdtj (dual)
jꜣdwt (plural)

Perhaps compare jꜣd (“kind of cord on a door-bolt”), jwd (“to ensnare”).

net, especially one used for fishing or fowling


jꜣdt

(in the plural) pastures for livestock, pastureland


jꜥ

i- a (canonical masculine)
jꜥ (singular)
jꜥwj (dual)
jꜥw (plural)


wn mꜣꜥ

(with attached suffix pronoun) one’s proper place or worth


ḫww

From ḫwj (“to protect, to avoid, to prevent”) + -w.

particularly, evil deeds, baseness, wrongdoing


šww

a kind of edible plant or herb, also used medicinally in rubbing down a sick ox. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


šww

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲟⲩⲓⲉ (šouie)


ḏꜣm

ḏꜣm (singular)
ḏꜣmwj (dual)
ḏꜣmw (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲱⲙ (čōm)

(collective) male children or youths, boys, young men

(collective) (male) youth of a particular place

(collective) men as opposed to women or children

(collective) coming generation, generation yet to be born

(collective) peers, cohort, generation, people of the same age


ḏꜣm

(collective) young cattle, larger calves


tḫw

tḫw (singular)
tḫwwj (dual)
tḫww (plural)

epithet of two cleaner-priests (wꜥb) at the Min-festival


jdn

idn (canonical masculine)
jdn (singular)
jdnwj (dual)
jdnw (plural)


th-mtn

th (“(one) transgressing, violating, deviating from”) + mtn (“way, road, path”), thus literally ‘one deviating from the path’. This term is not attested with the older writing of mtn, namely mṯn.

transgressor, wrongdoer, one who violates one’s social obligations

(with following genitive) one who is disloyal, rebellious, insubordinate against (someone), one who violates one’s social obligations to (another)


jkꜣnꜣ

i-kA:n-A- (canonical masculine)
jkꜣnꜣ (singular)
jkꜣnꜣwj (dual)
jkꜣnꜣw (plural)

>? Sahidic Coptic: ⲁϭⲟⲛ (acon)

Compare the earlier Middle Egyptian jkn (“cup”), but also (separately) Hebrew אַגָּן (ʾaggā́n, “ritual- or banquet-bowl”), Phoenician 𐤀𐤂𐤍 (ʾgn, “bowl”), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎂𐎐 (ảgn, “basin”), Warka Aramaic ag-gan-nu, ag-ga-nu (“basin or bowl”), Jewish Palestinian Aramaic גָנייא דקדשׁ (“basins of Qadesh”), Classical Syriac ܐܓܢܐ (ʾaggānā, “water pitcher”), Arabic إجّانَة (ʔijjāna, “large bowl”), Akkadian [Term?] (/agannu/, “large bowl of copper or silver”). The equivalent of the Egyptian term is also attested in cuneiform transcription in the Amarna letters as [script needed] (a-ku-nu /akūnu/), with Albright, Lambdin, and the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary claiming this to be Egyptian in origin; Hoch argues that the reverse is true, and Egyptian borrowed the word from Semitic. In Egyptian, the word appears in lists of items from Syria-Palestine, while in the Amarna letters the word appears in lists of items sent from Egypt; the word is, however, much more widely attested in Semitic languages than in Egyptian. Hoch consequently thinks that the direction of borrowing was into Egyptian, and that the word may not be connected with Middle Egyptian jkn (“cup”).

cog

גָנייא דקדשׁ

a kind of large vessel or jar, usually made of metal and used to hold fragrant oil or water, exported to and taken as tribute from Syria


ḫfꜣt

ḫfꜣ (“to nourish oneself, to feed”) + -t.


bw nfr

bw (“place, thing, -ness”) + nfr (“pleasing, fine, good”).


bw ḏsr

bw (“place, thing, -ness”) + ḏsr (“sacred”).

sanctum, sanctuary, sacred room in a temple


ḥntj

ends, far reaches, span (of time)
span, term, duration of time

long time, eternity (+ genitive: endlessly many of (some span of time), an eternity of)

ends, far reaches, span (of time)
future, time to come

ends, far reaches, span (of time)
(negated) ends, limits of time

ends, far reaches, span (of time)
ends, limits of time

(with genitive) lifetime, lifespan (of someone)

ends, far reaches, span (of time)
lifetime, lifespan (of someone)

(uncommon) ends, far reaches, span (of space)

uttermost ends, furthest reaches (of the sky)

ends, far reaches, span (of space)
span, space (of a unit of length)

ends, far reaches, span (of space)
two sides (of a river)


ẖz

From ẖzj (“to be(come) failing, wretched”).

-X:z-nDs:A1-p-W-H-Hn-n:t-I3-A24-n:X-t*Z1:f-s-wA-A-N31-t:*r-M6-ra-!-s-m-x-D35:n-f-w-s-t:n-D54-X:t*Z1-m-pr-Z1-s-n:Z2

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.6–1.7

He who is greedy for the sake of his belly when the proper time passes, having forgotten those in whose house his belly roams free, is a wretch.

ẖz pw ḥnt n ẖt.f swꜣ tr smḫ.n.f wstn ẖt m pr.sn


pr.sn

pr (“house”) + .sn (“their”), thus literally ‘their house’. The word in the sense of ‘home’ is distinguished from a simple reading of ‘their house’ by the lack of any antecedent to the suffix pronoun .sn (“their”).

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see pr, .sn.


pr ḥrj

pr ḥrj (singular)
prwj ḥrjwj (dual)
prwj ḥrwj (dual)
prw ḥrjw (plural)
prw ḥrw (plural)

(usually in the plural) upper floor of a building, upstairs


pr ẖrj

lower floor of a building, ground floor, downstairs


ḥr-m-pr.f

ḥr (“Horus”) + m (“in”) + pr (“house, palace”) + .f (“his”), thus “Horus in his house”. Compare ḥr-m-ꜥḥ.f.


pr nfr

pr nfr (singular)
prwj nfrwj (dual)
prw nfrw (plural)

From pr (“house”) + nfr (“pleasing, fine, good”).

q:r-s*w:Q5-m:a-S:M41:xt-wAD-D:Y3-Y2:xt:x*t:Y2-m:HAt-
a Z1
-w-i-A53-m:nbw-N33C:Z3-n-s-T:n:T14*G41-X:k:r-M1-m:x-s*b:D:N33C*Z2ss-mAa:a:mi*i-ir:r:t:n-x*Ax:a:p-r:apr:Y2
qrsw m ꜥš wꜣḏ zẖꜣ(.w) ḫt(.w) m ḥꜣt-ꜥ pr nfr wj m nbw n(j) sṯn ẖkr(.w) m ḫsbḏ mꜣꜥ mj jrrt n ꜣḫ ꜥpr(.w)

c. 2035–1990 BCE, late 11th Dynasty, Stele of Abkau (Louvre C15), line x+9

A sarcophagus of fresh Cilician fir, painted and engraved as the foremost one of the funerary workshop, and a golden mummy case of distinction, decorated with true lapis lazuli, like what is done for an equipped akh-spirit.

funerary workshop, mortuary, place where bodies are embalmed


pr n nḥḥ

pr n nḥḥ (singular)
prwj nwj nḥḥ (dual)
prw nw nḥḥ (plural)

pr (“house”) + n(j) (“of”) + nḥḥ (“eternity”).


pr-ꜥnḫ

pr-ꜥnḫ (singular)
prwj-ꜥnḫ (dual)
prw-ꜥnḫ (plural)

pr (“house”) + ꜥnḫ (“life”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘house of life’.


wḥꜣtjw

wḥꜣt (“oasis”) + -j (nisba ending) + -w (plural suffix).


pr-mḏꜣt

pr-mḏꜣt (singular)
prwj-mḏꜣt (dual)
prw-mḏꜣt (plural)

pr (“house”) + mḏꜣt (“book, scroll, document”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘house of the scroll’, ‘house of the book’.


pr-nbw

pr-nbw (singular)
prwj-nbw (dual)
prw-nbw (plural)

pr (“house”) + nbw (“gold”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘house of gold’.


pr-bjtj

pr (“house, palace”) + bjtj (“king (of Lower Egypt)”) in a direct genitive construction.

(rare) a kind of royal palace contrasted with pr-nswt, traditionally rendered as ‘palace of the king of Lower Egypt’


smsw-pr

smsw-pr (singular)
smswwj-pr (dual)
smsww-pr (plural)

smsw (“eldest”) + pr (“house, estate”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘eldest of the house, eldest of the estate’.

an official title: ‘elder of the domain’


pr-ꜥḥꜣw

pr-ꜥḥꜣw (singular)
prwj-ꜥḥꜣw (dual)
prw-ꜥḥꜣw (plural)

pr (“house”) + ꜥḥꜣw (“weapons”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘house of weapons’.


pr-šnꜥ

pr:Sna (canonical masculine)
prwj-šnꜥ (singular)
pr-šnꜥ (dual)
prw-šnꜥ (plural)

pr (“house”) + šnꜥw (“labor camp, storehouse”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘house of the labor camp’, ‘house of the storehouse’.

forced labor camp or workshop, labor establishment, often for captives and slaves


jtnw n h

jtnw (“dust, ground”) + n(j) (“of”) + h (“courtyard”).

a magical substance, ‘dust of the courtyard’


pr-ḫnr

pr-ḫnr (singular)
prwj-ḫnr (dual)
prw-ḫnr (plural)

pr (“house”) + ḫnr (“harem”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘house of the harem’. Since the 19th Dynasty the second element is sometimes written and reanalyzed as ḫntj (“foremost”), thus ‘foremost house’.


pr-ḫntj

pr-ḫntj (singular)
prwj-ḫntj (dual)
prw-ḫntj (plural)


pr-mꜣ

pr-mA-pr (canonical masculine)
pr-mꜣ (singular)
prwj-mꜣ (dual)
prw-mꜣ (plural)


pr-ms

pr-ms (singular)
prwj-ms (dual)
prw-ms (plural)

pr (“house”) + ms (later form of mst, the infinitive of msj (“to give birth”)) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘house of birth’.

mammisi, a subsidiary chapel attached to a larger temple and associated with the nativity of a god


zꜣ-pr

zA-pr (canonical masculine)
zꜣ-pr (singular)
zꜣwj-pr (dual)
zꜣw-pr (plural)

zꜣ(w) (“guardian”) + pr (“house”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘guardian of the house’.


pr-dwꜣt

pr-dwꜣt (singular)
prwj-dwꜣt (dual)
prw-dwꜣt (plural)

pr (“house”) + dwꜣt (“morning”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘house of the morning’.

room for performing ablutions and ceremonially donning clothes and adornments, and where the Opening of the Mouth ritual is conducted; dressing room, robing room


bhꜣ

bhꜣ (singular)
bhꜣwj (dual)
bhꜣw (plural)


pryt

(collective) collection of houses, settlement, compound


ꜥt-jwf

ꜥt-jwf (singular)
ꜥtj-jwf (dual)
ꜥwt-jwf (plural)

ꜥt (“room”) + jwf (“meat”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘chamber of meat’.


mḏd

mḏd (singular)
mḏdwj (dual)
mḏdw (plural)

The proper noun is derived from the participle of the verb, thus perhaps meaning ‘the one who hits the mark’, ‘the true-striking’.

dues or obligations in the form of corvee labor or taxes


sḫm-n-jnpw

sḫm-n-jnpw (singular)
sḫmwj-nwj-jnpw (dual)
sḫmw-nw-jnpw (plural)

sḫm (“power, cult image”) + n(j) (“of”) + jnpw (“Anubis”).

standard crowned with a sekhem scepter and a cult image of Anubis

cult image or incarnation of Anubis in general


sḫm-n-rꜥ

sḫm (“power, cult image, incarnation”) + n(j) (“of”) + rꜥ (“Ra”).


sḫm-n-sḫmw

sḫm (“power, cult image, incarnation”) + n(j) (“of”) + sḫmw (plural of sḫm).

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">sḫm</i>


bht

bht (singular)
bhtj (dual)
bhwt (plural)

fan, flabellum made of ostrich feathers or flowers


bht

bht (singular)
bhtwj (dual)
bhtw (plural)

From bhd (“to inhale, to cense”); the expected form *bhd of this noun is unattested.

fragrant substance or perfume with which the eye is made full


ḥbs bht

ḥbs bht (singular)
ḥbswj bht (dual)
ḥbsw bht (plural)

ḥbs (“to clothe, to cover”) + bht (“fan, flabellum”).


ḥbswt

ḥbswt (singular)
ḥbswtj (dual)
ḥbswwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲉⲃⲥⲱ (hebsō)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲃ̄ⲥⲱ (hb̄sō)


ḥbs-ḫprw

ḥbs-ḫprw (singular)
ḥbswj-ḫprw (dual)
ḥbsw-ḫprw (plural)

ḥbs (“clothed, covered, hidden”) + ḫprw (“form”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘(the one) veiled of form’.


ḥbs-nṯr

nTr-H-b-s (canonical masculine)
ḥbs-nṯr (singular)
ḥbswj-nṯr (dual)
ḥbsw-nṯr (plural)

ḥbs (“garment”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘garment of the god’.

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see ḥbs, nṯr.


mdw n š

mdw (“staff”) + n(j) (“of”) + š (“lake”), thus ‘staff of the lake’.


mdw-ḥr

mdw (“staff”) + ḥr (“Horus”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘staff of Horus’.


mdw šps

md-Z1- -A51-s (canonical masculine)
mdw šps (singular)
mdwwj špswj (dual)
mdww špsw (plural)

(with following indirect genitive of name of a god) sacred staff revered as a symbol or scepter of a particular god, often bearing the head of that god


mdw šps n spꜣt

md- -S:p:z-n:T-spAt:t*Z1 (canonical masculine)
mdw šps n spꜣt (singular)
mdwwj špswj nwj spꜣt (dual)
mdww špsw nw spꜣt (plural)

From mdw (“staff”) + šps (“noble, august”) + n(j) (“of”) + spꜣt (“nome”), thus ‘noble staff of the nome’.

sacred standard bearing the sign of a particular nome, especially of Dendera


mdw-rḫyt

mdw-rḫyt (singular)
mdwwj-rḫyt (dual)
mdww-rḫyt (plural)

mdw (“staff, custodian”) + rḫyt (“common people”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘staff/custodian of the common people’.


mdw-kꜣ-ḥḏ

mdw-kꜣ-ḥḏ (singular)
mdwwj-kꜣ-ḥḏ (dual)
mdww-kꜣ-ḥḏ (plural)

mdw (“staff, custodian”) + kꜣ (“bull”) + ḥḏ (“white”) with the first two elements in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘staff/custodian of the white bull’.

a priestly title: ‘herdsman of the white bull’


mdw-ḥp

mdw-ḥp (singular)
mdwwj-ḥp (dual)
mdww-ḥp (plural)

mdw (“staff, custodian”) + ḥp (“Apis”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘staff/custodian of Apis’.


bhn

bhn (singular)
bhnwj (dual)
bhnw (plural)

a kind of article of clothing. The meaning of this term is uncertain.


bḥ

(Late Egyptian) an agent for tanning leather


bḥw

bḥ (“to be obligated to perform corvee labor”) + -w.


bḥn

From bḥnj (“to dismember, to punish, to eliminate”).


bḥn

bḥn (singular)
bḥnwj (dual)
bḥnw (plural)

From bḥnw (“to bark”) (unattested underlying form probably *bḥn), thus literally ‘barker’.


bḥnt

bḥnt (singular)
bḥntj (dual)
bḥnwt (plural)

bḥnj (“to dismember, to punish, to eliminate”) + -t.


nb-sḫm

nb (“lord, possessor”) + sḫm (“power, capacity to overpower”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘possessor of overmastering power’.


nbt-sḫm

nbt (“lady, possessor”) + sḫm (“power, capacity to overpower”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘possessor of overmastering power’.


zẖꜣw-mdw-nṯr

/zɛçɑuː mɛduː nɛt͡ʃɛr/

zẖꜣw (“writings”) + mdw-nṯr (“sacred writings, hieroglyphic script”, literally “god’s word”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘writings of the god’s word’.


nb-mdw-nṯr

nb (“lord, possessor”) + mdw-nṯr (“sacred writings, hieroglyphic script”, literally “god’s word”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘lord of the god’s word’, i.e. ‘master of sacred writings’.


sḫm-jr.f

sḫm (“power, powerful”) + jr (“do, act”) + .f (third-person masculine singular suffix pronoun); the exact interpretation is not altogether clear. Taking sḫm as a noun and jr.f as a modifier, a meaning such as ‘acting power’ is sometimes suggested; this, however, fails to explain the suffix pronoun, which rather suggests an interpretation of jr as a relative form instead of a participle, in which case the sense would be something like ‘the power that he makes’. Alternatively, some have taken sḫm as a participle and jr as a writing of the noun jrw (“visible form”) for an overall sense of ‘powerful of visible form’.

potentate, very powerful person or ruler, especially one of the feudal lords of the Middle Kingdom


nb-mꜣꜥt

nb-mꜣꜥt (singular)
nbwj-mꜣꜥt (dual)
nbw-mꜣꜥt (plural)

From nb (“lord, possessor”) + mꜣꜥt (“righteousness, truth”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘possessor of righteousness/truth’.

(literally) honest person, one who does what is right

epithet for various gods, especially Ptah

s-H-ww-Y1:n:f-DA-DA-nw:t-U5:a:t-N9*t:Z2-nTr-nb:r-Dr:r-D&z&f-nb:w*Z2ss-mAat-zmA-i-i-Y1:Z2-i-m-s-
-M:a:k-HA-i-i-w-tp:Z2ss-i-s-f:t:nDs-s-nDm-w-m-
n
t
-gb-b-r:*r:a:t-O44-t*Z1:n:nb-s-sw-i-H_SPACE:t-i-n:U5:a-t:z:n:f
sḥww n.f ḏꜣḏꜣt mꜣꜥt psḏt nb-r-ḏr ḏs.f nbw-mꜣꜥt zmꜣyw jm.s mkḥꜣyw jsft snḏmw m wsḫt nt gbb r rdjt jꜣwt n nb.s (n)syt n mꜣꜥt.s n.f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 17–18

The Tribunal of Maat was convened for him: the Ennead, the Lord of All himself, and the possessors of righteousness who were united in it, who scorn wrongdoing, sitting in the hall of Geb to give the office to its owner and the kingship to the one to whom it justly belonged.

(in the plural) epithet for gods who pass judgement collectively


rnpt-mḏd-ꜥ

rnpt-mḏd-ꜥ (singular)
rnptj-mḏd-ꜥ (dual)
rnpwt-mḏd-ꜥ (plural)

rnpt (“year”) + mḏd (“driving in, striking true, staying true to”) + ꜥ (“arm”) in two direct genitive constructions, thus perhaps ‘year of the driving in of the arm’(?). The exact sense of mḏd intended here is unclear.


st-r-mḏd

st (“shooting”) + r (“in order to”) + mḏd (“hit the mark”), thus ‘(one) who shoots to hit’, i.e. ‘one who shoots unerringly’.


mḏdt

mḏdt (singular)
mḏdtj (dual)
mḏdwt (plural)


ḥr-nb-ꜥḥ

ḥr (“Horus”) + nb (“lord”) + ꜥḥ (“palace”), thus “Horus, lord of the palace”.


nb-ꜥḥ

nb (“lord”) + ꜥḥ (“palace”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “lord of the palace”.


ḥr-m-ꜥḥ.f

ḥr (“Horus”) + m (“in”) + ꜥḥ (“palace”) + .f (“his”), thus “Horus in his palace”. Compare ḥr-m-pr.f.


jmj-ꜥḥ

jmj (“being in”) + ꜥḥ (“palace”), thus “(the one) being in the palace”.


ꜥḥ-wr

aH-wr:r-pr (canonical masculine)
ꜥḥ-wr (singular)
ꜥḥwj-wrwj (dual)
ꜥḥw-wrw (plural)

ꜥḥ (“palace, temple”) + wr (“big, great”).


ꜥḥ-rmyt

ꜥḥ (“wiped away”) + rmyt (“tears”), thus ‘(he) whose tears are wiped away’.


ḥrtj

ḥrt (“sky”) + -j (nisba suffix), thus ‘the celestial (one)’.


mꜣꜣt-ḥr-stẖ

mꜣꜣt (“seeing”, feminine imperfective active participle of mꜣꜣ) + ḥr (“Horus”) + stẖ (“Set”), thus ‘(the one) seeing Horus-Set’, with ‘Horus-Set’ a reference to the king.

feminine imperfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mꜣꜣ</i>


brwgtj

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲃⲉⲣⲏϫ (aberēč)

Borrowed from Semitic; compare Hebrew בָּרֶקֶת (bāréqet) and Akkadian [Term?] (/barraqtu/), as well as other loanwords from Semitic, such as Sanskrit मरकत (marakata) and Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), the latter ultimately the source of English emerald.

(rare) A kind of semi-precious stone. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


jbsꜣ

jbsꜣ (singular)
jbsꜣwj (dual)
jbsꜣw (plural)

desc

>? Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲃⲥⲱⲛ (absōn), ⲁⲩⲥⲟⲛ (auson, “wild mint”)

a kind of plant found in the Wadi Natrun, used medicinally


ꜥqy

ꜥqy (singular)
ꜥqywj (dual)
ꜥqyw (plural)

Demotic: ꜥyq

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲓⲕ (aik)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲁⲉⲓⲕ (aeik)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲉⲓⲕ (aeik)

(Late Egyptian, hapax) ceremonial entrance of the king


ꜣqyt

ꜣkyt (singular)
ꜣkytj (dual)
ꜣkywt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲕⲱ (akō), ⲁⲅⲱ (agō), ⲅⲱ (gō)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲕⲱ (akō), ⲁⲅⲱ (agō), ⲅⲱ (gō)


ꜥr n pt

ꜥr n pt (singular)
ꜥrwj nwj pt (dual)
ꜥrw nw pt (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲙⲡⲉ (almpe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲙⲫⲉ (almphe)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲗⲉⲙⲡⲏ (elempē)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲙⲡⲉ (almpe)

ꜥr (“pebble”) + n(j) (“of”) + pt (“sky”), thus ‘pebble of the sky’.


wꜣrt

wꜣrt (singular)
wꜣrtj (dual)
wꜣrwt (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲟⲩ (alou)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲱ (alō), ⲉⲗⲱ (elō)

tow rope for a clap net or for the solar barque

restraining rope used in hunting hippopotamoi

cord, rope, line
rope stretched in foundation ceremonies


ꜥrq-rnpt

ꜥrqy (“last day of the month”) + rnpt (“year”) in a direct genitive construction.

last day of the year (as a festival), New Year's Eve


ꜥrꜥr

ꜥrꜥr (singular)
ꜥrꜥrwj (dual)
ꜥrꜥrw (plural)

(Late Egyptian) a kind of receptacle, perhaps a kind of basket


ꜥrꜥr

desc

>? Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲓⲗ (alil), ⲁⲗⲓⲗⲓ (alili)

>? Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲓⲗ (alil)


ꜥrꜥr

a:r-a:r-xt (canonical masculine)
ꜥrꜥr (singular)
ꜥrꜥrwj (dual)
ꜥrꜥrw (plural)

(hapax) A term relating to the renovation of divine barques. The meaning of this term is uncertain.


ꜣrr

>? Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲱⲗ (alōl)

(Late Egyptian, hapax) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

i-W-t:n:Z2-G7-Sd:d-Z5-BLACKDOT:Y1-A24-s-t-r-m:*t-Z6-nb-r-Ab-m:r-nDs-nb-r-x:n-nw-W-T14-G41:Y1-A2-nb-!-r-b-t-U30-A-W-nDs-nb-r-t:x-t:x-Z9-A24-nb-r-A-BLACKDOT:r*Z1-BLACKDOT:r*Z1-Z9-A24-nb-r-md-d:t*BLACKDOT-A2-nb-!-b-i-n:nDs-Z6-r-md-d:t*BLACKDOT-A2-nb-d-Hr:r-i-W-Aa2:nDs-r-md-d:t*BLACKDOT-A2-nb-Z1*Z1:nw-BLACKDOT:Y1-r-md-d:t*BLACKDOT-A2-p-W-i-A-TA*Z1-Z9-A24
jw.{t}n (r) šd.st r mwt nb r mr nb r ḫnw nb r btꜣw nb r tḫtḫ nb r ꜣrr nb r mdwt nb bjn r mdwt nb dḥrjw r mdwt nb snnw r mdwt pwjꜣṯꜣ

c. 21st–23rd Dynasty, 1077–720 BCE, Oracular Amuletic Decree L1 (pBM EA 10083), recto, lines x+23 to x+28

We will rescue her from every death, from every sickness, from every abomination, from every ill deed, from every confusion, from every frustration, from every evil word, from every bitter word, from every second(-rate) word, and from mocking words.


ꜣrwkt

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲓϫⲓ (aliči)

fuller’s earth or more generally fuller’s mixture used to bleach cloth, for example including natron, oil, myrrh, and wine


ꜥꜥ

Compare ꜥꜣꜥ (“to spew, to ejaculate; semen, noxious substance”).


ꜥꜥt

Perhaps from ꜣꜥꜥ (“to accuse, to harm”) + -t.


ꜥꜥꜣm

>? Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲁⲙ (aam)

a kind of plant administered internally for medicinal purposes


ꜥꜥjw

Perhaps from ꜥꜥj (“to wail, jabber, be fearful”) + -w, if not to be identified with ꜥꜥw (“sleep”).

af

Something undesirable which is to be kept away. The meaning of this term is uncertain.


ꜥꜥwj n qdd

/ɑːʔɑːuːi ɛn kɛdɛd/

ꜥꜥw (“sleep”) + n(j) (“of”) + qdd (“sleep”), thus literally ‘a sleep of sleep’.


ꜥꜣp

a:aA-A-p (canonical masculine)
ꜥꜣp (singular)
ꜥꜣpwj (dual)
ꜥꜣpw (plural)


ꜥꜣbt

desc

Demotic: ꜥbj.t, ꜥbj, ꜥb.t, ꜥb, ꜥꜥb.t, ꜣb

offerings, especially a large set of offerings to the gods, hecatomb


ꜥꜣbt

From ꜥꜣb (“to be pleasing, to be selfish”) + -t.


jꜥ-ḥr

jꜥ (“washing”) + ḥr (“face”), thus ‘washing of the face’.


jꜥw

jꜥw (singular)
jꜥwwj (dual)
jꜥww (plural)

jꜥj (“to wash”) + -w, literally ‘washing’. The ‘breakfast’ sense is shortened from jꜥw-r (“breakfast”, literally “washing of the mouth”).


jꜥw n jb

jꜥw (“washing”) + n(j) (“of”) + jb (“heart, mind”), thus literally ‘washing of the heart/mind’. For the meaning compare jꜥj jb (“to satisfy, to satisfy oneself, to give vent to one’s desires, etc.”, literally “to wash the heart/mind”).


jꜥryt

i-a:r-i-i-t:pr (canonical feminine)
jꜥryt (singular)
jꜥrytj (dual)
jꜥrywt (plural)


ꜥš ḥꜣt

ꜥš ḥꜣt (singular)
ꜥšwj ḥꜣt (dual)
ꜥšw ḥꜣt (plural)

ꜥš (“to call”) + ḥꜣt (“front, bow”), thus literally ‘to call the bow’; the noun is derived with the participle of ꜥš, thus literally ‘(the one) calling the bow’.


sḏmt ꜥš

sDm:M:t-a:S (canonical feminine)
sḏmt ꜥš (singular)
sḏmtj ꜥš (dual)
sḏmwt ꜥš (plural)

/sɛd͡ʒmɛt ɑːʃ/

sḏm ꜥš (“servant”) + -t (feminine ending).


mrḥ

Demotic: mrḥ

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲣⲏϩⲉ (amrēhe)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲣⲉϩⲓ (mrehi), ⲉⲙⲣⲉϩⲓ (emrehi), ⲙⲃⲣⲉϩⲓ (mbrehi), ⲃⲣⲉϩⲓ (brehi), ⲉⲣⲡⲣⲉϩⲓ (erprehi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲣⲉϩⲓ (amrehi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲣⲏϩⲉ (amrēhe), ⲁⲙⲣⲉϩⲉ (amrehe)

Based on the form of the Coptic descendants, apparently the same word as mrḥt (“oil, fat”) in origin; with the loss of syllable-final -t, the originally-feminine word was reanalyzed as a masculine noun when used in the sense of ‘asphalt’.


mrḥt-jḥtjt

mrḥt (“oil, fat”) + jḥtjt (“throat”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘oil of the throat’.

a kind of oil used in embalming the head


mḫꜣ

mḫꜣ (singular)
mḫꜣwj (dual)
mḫꜣw (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲙϣⲓ (amši)

(Late Egyptian) part of a chariot: loop of rope, strap


mḫꜣ

(Late Egyptian) a unit by which figs are counted, perhaps a wreath of figs


ꜥꜣ-n-mḏw

aA:n-mD (canonical masculine)
ꜥꜣ-n-mḏw (singular)
ꜥꜣwj-nwj-mḏw (dual)
ꜥꜣw-nw-mḏw (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲛⲙⲏⲧ (anmēt), ⲁⲙⲙⲏⲧ (ammēt)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲛⲙⲏⲧ (anmēt), ⲁⲙⲙⲏⲧ (ammēt)

/ɑːʔɑ ɛn mɛd͡ʒuː/

ꜥꜣ (“great one”) + n (“of”) + mḏw (“ten”).

af

(Late Egyptian) foreman in charge of ten men; decadarch, decurion


ꜥꜣ-dyw

ꜥꜣ-dyw (singular)
ꜥꜣwj-dyw (dual)
ꜥꜣw-dyw (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲛⲧⲁⲓⲟⲩ (antaiou)

/ɑːʔɑ diːuː/

(Late Egyptian) foreman in charge of fifty men; pentecontarch


rww-ḏr-jꜣḫw

rww (“regions, lands”, late plural variant of jw (“island”)) + ḏr (“limit”) + jꜣḫw (“sunlight”) in a series of direct genitive constructions, thus literally ‘regions of the limit of sunlight’, i.e. ‘all lands so far as the sun shines’.

late plural variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jw</i> (“island”)


ḥntꜣsw

ḥntꜣsw (singular)
ḥntꜣswwj (dual)
ḥntꜣsww (plural)

Demotic: ḥnṱs

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲛⲑⲟⲩⲥ (anthous)

Old Coptic: ϩⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲥ (hantous)


ꜥꜣt rwḏt

/ɑːʔɑt ruːd͡ʒɛt/

ꜥꜣt (“precious stone”) + rwḏt (“firm”), thus ‘firm precious stone’.

hard stone including sandstone and limestone


sbꜣw

sbꜣw (singular)
sbꜣwwj (dual)
sbꜣww (plural)

desc

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲁⲃⲉ (sabe), ⲥⲁⲃⲏ (sabē)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲁⲃⲉ (sabe), ⲥⲁⲃⲏ (sabē)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲁⲃⲏ (sabē)

Old Coptic: ⲥⲁⲃⲉ (sabe)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲁⲃⲉ (sabe), ⲥⲁⲃⲏ (sabē)


jnḥw

Demotic: jnḥ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲛϩ (onh)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲛϩ (anh), ⲟⲛϩ (onh)


ẖrj-jw

ẖrj jw (singular)
ẖrjwj jw (dual)
ẖrwj jw (dual)
ẖrjw jw (plural)
ẖrw jw (plural)

ẖrj (“(one) lying under, carrying, being in”) + jw (“wrongdoing, wrong, misfortune”).


jwꜣyt

jwꜣyt (singular)
jwꜣytj (dual)
jwꜣywt (plural)


sẖꜥt

sẖꜥt (singular)
sẖꜥtj (dual)
sẖꜥwt (plural)


mḥꜥw

Demotic: mḥ, mḥe

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲁϩⲉ (mahe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲁϩⲓ (mahi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲁϩⲉ (mahe)

linen; thread or cloth made of flax fiber


ḥjrꜣpw

ḥjrꜣpw (singular)
ḥjrꜣpwwj (dual)
ḥjrꜣpww (plural)

Borrowed from Semitic, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ḥarb-; compare Hebrew חֶרֶב (ḥéreḇ), Akkadian 𒄑𒀳𒌆𒆥 (ḫarbum).


jmj-r-šnwt

jmj-r-šnwt (singular)
jmjwj-r-šnwt (dual)
jmjw-r-šnwt (plural)

jmj-r (“overseer”) + šnwt (“granary”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘overseer of the granary’.

Late 5th Dynasty, c. 2408–2341 BCE, False Door of Nykara (Cleveland 1964.91), left jamb, caption above Ankhmara

His eldest son, overseer of the granary, Ankhmara

an official title: overseer of the granary


mꜥšꜣdjdjt

mꜥšꜣdjdjt (singular)
mꜥšꜣdjdjtj (dual)
mꜥšꜣdjdjwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲁϣⲑⲱϯ (mašthōti)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙϣⲧⲱⲧⲉ (mštōte), ⲙⲓϣⲧⲱⲧⲉ (mištōte)


jḥt

jḥt (singular)
jḥtj (dual)
jḥwt (plural)

Demotic: jḥ.t

From jḥ (“ox; head of cattle”) + -t (feminine ending).


ꜥrw

From jꜥr (“to ascend, to approach”) + -w.

nearby area; vicinity, proximity, neighborhood


jꜥḥ wr

epithet for the god Khonsu as the full moon


jwꜣt

i-wA-t (canonical feminine)
jwꜣt (singular)
jwꜣtj (dual)
jwꜣwt (plural)


ḫꜣbwsꜣ

ḫꜣbwsꜣ (singular)
ḫꜣbwsꜣwj (dual)
ḫꜣbwsꜣw (plural)

Demotic: ẖbs

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲏⲃⲥ (xēbs)

Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲏⲃⲥ (xēbs)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲏⲃⲥ (hēbs), ϩⲏⲃⲉⲥ (hēbes)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲏⲃⲥ (hēbs)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲏⲃⲥ (hēbs), ϩⲉⲃⲥ (hebs), ϩⲃⲥ (hbs)


jwꜥyt

From jwꜥ (“to inherit; to endow”) + -yt; the underlying sense may thus be a ‘complement’ of troops with which a place is endowed.

garrison, occupational force; troops stationed in or occupying a particular place


jwbt

jwbt (singular)
jwbtj (dual)
jwbwt (plural)

Alternative form of bjt (“a kind of flat loaf of bread”)


jwn n fnḏ

jwn n fnḏ (singular)
jwnwj nwj fnḏ (dual)
jwnw nw fnḏ (plural)

From jwn (“pillar”) + n(j) (“of”) + fnḏ (“nose”).


jwn-mwt.f

From jwn (“pillar, succorer”) + mwt (“mother”) + .f (“his”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘succorer of his mother’.


jwn-knmwt

jwn-knmwt (singular)
jwnwj-knmwt (dual)
jwnw-knmwt (plural)

jwn (“pillar, succorer”) + knmwt (“oasis-dwellers”) in a direct genitive construction, thus possibly ‘succorer of the oasis-dwellers’, although the exact signification of knmwt is disputed.

a title of disputed significance, possibly a priestly title or a title for a high administrator of some kind


jwnn

jwnn (singular)
jwnnwj (dual)
jwnnw (plural)


jwryt

Demotic: wrꜣ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲱ (ourō)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲱ (ourō), ⲁⲣⲱ (arō)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲱ (ourō), ⲁⲣⲱ (arō)

Possibly related to jwr (“to conceive”).


wrmtj

Possibly related to wrm (“to grow, to rise”).

(dual only) A pair of protruding body parts. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


jwḥw

jwḥw (singular)
jwḥwwj (dual)
jwḥww (plural)


jwšš

jwšš (singular)
jwššwj (dual)
jwššw (plural)

Demotic: ꜥwš, jwš

Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲟⲩϣ (ōouš)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲟⲩϣ (oouš)

Compare Jewish Babylonian Aramaic לוּשׁ (lōš, “to knead”) and other descendants of Proto-Semitic *lawaṯ-.


jwgrt

Alternative form of jgrt (“epithet for the afterworld”)


jwtj.f

From jwtj (“one for whom it is not the case that”) + .f (“his”). No good explanation exists for the syntax of this term.

af

Synonym of jwtj-n.f (“one who has nothing”)


jwtjw

From the plural of jwtj (“which is not”).


jwtjw

putrefaction, corruption, what is decayed


jwtn

Alternative form of jtnw (“ground, earth, floor”)


jwdt

jwdt (singular)
jwdtj (dual)
jwdwt (plural)


jb-n-nswt

jb-n-nswt (singular)
jbwj-nwj-nswt (dual)
jbw-nw-nswt (plural)

From jb (“heart, mind, intellect”) + n(j) (“of”) + nswt (“king”).

an official title used in the 18th Dynasty


nj-jb

nj-jb (singular)
njwj-jb (dual)
nwj-jb (dual)
njw-jb (plural)
nw-jb (plural)

From nj (“of, belonging to”) + jb (“heart, mind”), thus ‘(he who is) belonging to the heart/mind’.


n-st-jb

n-st-t:ib (canonical masculine)
n-st-jb (singular)
nwj-st-jb (dual)
nw-st-jb (plural)

From n(j) (“of, belonging to”) + st-jb (“favorite place, preference, favor”), literally “(one) belonging to the favor of…’”.

st-jb <t:favorite place, preference, favor>


ntt m jb

ntt m jb (singular)
nttj m jb (dual)
ntwt m jb (plural)

From ntt (“that which is”) + m (“in”) + jb (“heart, mind, will”).


jbꜣw-nṯr

From jbꜣw (“dances”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “dances of the god”.

a kind of dance associated with or performed by dwarves


jbꜣw

jbꜣw (singular)
jbꜣwwj (dual)
jbꜣww (plural)

Ammotragus lervia
Ammotragus lervia#Translingual


jbw

jbw (singular)
jbwwj (dual)
jbww (plural)

(figuratively) person in whom one takes refuge


jbw

purification booth, booth or tent in which bodies are prepared for mummification


jbwj

a kind of rope on a ship, perhaps halyards


jbnw

Demotic: ꜣbn

Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲃⲉⲛ (ōben)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲃⲛ (obn), ⲟⲃⲉⲛ (oben), ⲟⲃⲛⲉ (obne), ⲁⲃⲉⲛ (aben)


jbr

a:A1-ini-n:t-n:k\-i-b-E8-i-N33C:Z2ss-H-k\:n-nw-W-N33C:Z2ss-D54-w-d:n-b-N33C:Z2ss-X:z-A-i-i-t-N33C:Z2ss-
-sn-n:t-r-tr-N33C:Z2ss-n-Aa16*Z1:Z2-pr-Z2ss-s-Htp:t-p-w-Y2-nTr-Z1-nb-i-m-f
dj.j jn.t(w) n.k jbj ḥknw jwdnb ẖsꜣyt sntr n(j) gsw prw sḥtpw nṯr nb jm.f

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 140–142

I will have them bring you labdanum, ḥknw-oil, jwdnb-incense, cassia, and the incense of the temple storerooms, with which every god is made content.

a kind of valuable oil or unguent, applied to the body and hair, used in temple cults, and also used medicinally; further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


jbhtj

Probably from jbht (“a region in the south of the Eastern Desert”) + -j (nisba ending).

af

jbht <t:a region in the south of the Eastern Desert>

a kind of mineral; further details are uncertain. Possibilities include:


jbḥw

jbḥw (singular)
jbḥwwj (dual)
jbḥww (plural)

From jbḥ (“to stream with, to be awash with”) + -w.

jbḥ <t:to stream with, to be awash with>


jpt-nswt

Demotic: jpy-nsw, jpy.t-nsw

From jpt (“private chamber, women’s apartments, inner sanctum”) + nswt (“king”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “private chamber/women’s apartments of the king”. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

jpt <t:private chamber, women’s apartments, inner sanctum>

egy-ht

private chamber or office of the king in general


jpt-nswt

collectively, the women of the royal harem


jpꜣ

Alternative form of jpt (“inner chamber”)


jfdj

Alternative form of jfd (“(linen) sheet”)


jfdt

jfdt (singular)
jfdtj (dual)
jfdwt (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: -ⲉϥⲧⲉ (-efte)

Fayyumic Coptic: -ⲏⲃⲧⲓ (-ēbti)

Lycopolitan Coptic: -ⲉϥⲧⲉ (-efte)

Sahidic Coptic: -ⲁϥⲧⲉ (-afte)

i-f:d:t*Z1*Z1*Z1*Z1-n:t-d:p*w-t:X4:Z2 (as an offering to the dead)

a foursome of dpt-bread loaves [Middle Kingdom]

i-f:d:t*Z1*Z1*Z1*Z1-n:t-p:z:n-nw-X4:Z2 (as an offering to the dead)

a foursome of pzn-bread loaves [Middle Kingdom]


jfd-nṯr

From jfd (“four-weave linen”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘four-weave linen of the god’; or else the last element may represent nṯrj (“divine textile”). The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


mt-jfd

mt-jfd (singular)
mtwj-jfd (dual)
mtw-jfd (plural)

From mt (“a kind of linen; strip”) + jfd (“sheet”) in a direct genitive construction.


ḥzy jm

From ḥzy (“favored one”) + jm (“therein”).


jm-n-twt

From jm (“a kind of material”) + n(j) (“of”) + twt (“image, statue, picture”).

a kind of material, either derived from or used in the making of twt-images, and used medicinally as a healing agent


jmt

jmt (singular)
jmtwj (dual)
jmtw (plural)

foster child, ward (of the king of Lower Egypt)


jmt

From jm (“to moan, to groan, to lament”) + -t.

(hapax) groaning, lamentation, mourning, grief


jmtj

im-ti-i (canonical masculine)
jmtj (singular)
jmtjwj (dual)
jmtjw (plural)

From jmt (“the city of Buto in the Eastern Delta”) + -j (nisba ending).

jmt <t:the city of Buto in the Eastern Delta>

a vintage of wine from Buto in the eastern Nile delta; Butic (wine)


jmyt

Possibly related to jm (“a kind of material”).

(hapax) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


jmj-jz

imi-iz (canonical masculine)
jmj-jz (singular)
jmjwj-jz (dual)
jmwj-jz (dual)
jmjw-jz (plural)
jmw-jz (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + jz (“administrative chamber, bureau”).

an official title: councillor, he who is in the bureau (as a priest or official)


jmj-ꜥ

jmj-ꜥ (singular)
jmjwj-ꜥ (dual)
jmwj-ꜥ (dual)
jmjw-ꜥ (plural)
jmw-ꜥ (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + ꜥ (“arm, part, region”). The exact intended meaning of the second part is unclear.

an official title with unclear exact meaning: assistant, regional officer, aide


jmj wrt

imi-wr:r:t (canonical masculine)
jmj wrt (singular)
jmjwj wrt (dual)
jmwj wrt (dual)
jmjw wrt (plural)
jmw wrt (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in; interior”) + wrt. The identity and meaning of the second term are unclear. It is written identically to wrt (“great one”), but perhaps it is instead to be connected with wrt (“a kind of barque”).
Any attempt to determine the etymological meaning of the term should probably take it in conjunction with its antonym tꜣ wr (“larboard, port”); setting aside wr/wrt, here one can draw a contrast between jmj in the one term, referring to the interior of something, and tꜣ in the other term, apparently referring to the land exterior to the ship. For tꜣ, compare the etymology of the English term port; because the steering oar is generally found on the right (starboard) side of the ship, it is the left (port) side that moors facing the land. It is then easy to see how the starboard side could be perceived as the ‘interior’ of the vessel, facing away from land. (Alternatively, it may be the steering oar itself that is referred to as ‘being in’ / in the ‘interior’ of the vessel.)
Thus, the term as a whole has variously been interpreted as ‘that which is inside the barque’, or, taking wrt as ‘great one’ in reference to the ‘great oar’ (steering oar), ‘the one on the inside of the steering oar’. Servajean rejects the latter interpretation and prefers the former, as wrt is nowhere else attested to refer to the steering oar specifically.

west side of a place, especially of Thebes

necropolis, realm of the dead, afterworld

(preceded or followed by zꜣ (“phyle”)) designates a particular phyle of funerary priests


jmt wrt

Feminine form of the more common jmj wrt (“starboard”), formed with the addition of the feminine ending -t to the nisba jmj. See jmj wrt for further etymology. Equivalent to jmt + wrt.


jmw-mw

From jmw (plural of jmj (“(one) being in”)) + mw (“water”), literally “those in the water”.

jmj <alt:jmw><pos:plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jmj</i> (“(one) being in”)>

(plural only) water animals, aquatic fauna


jmt nḏst

From jmt (“(one) being in”) + nḏst (“left side; smallness”). The exact etymological meaning is unclear, but compare the construction of jmj wrt (“starboard”).


jmt-r

m-t:*r (canonical feminine)
jmt-r (singular)
jmtj-r (dual)
jmwt-r (plural)

Feminine form of jmj-r (“overseer”), formed with the addition of the feminine ending -t to the nisba jmj. See jmj-r for further etymology. Equivalent to jmt + r.


jmt-r

jmt-r (singular)
jmtj-r (dual)
jmwt-r (plural)

Presumably from jmt (“(one) being in”) + r (“mouth”).

a kind of tool or implement; the meaning of this term is uncertain.


qrḥ-mr

qrḥ-mr (singular)
qrḥwj-mr (dual)
qrḥw-mr (plural)

From qrḥ (“pot”) + mr (“libation basin”), presumably in a direct genitive construction.


jmj-r-pr-wr

jmj-r-pr-wr (singular)
jmjwj-r-pr-wrwj (dual)
jmjw-r-pr-wrw (plural)

From jmj-r-pr (“steward”, literally “overseer of the house”) + wr (“great”), literally “great overseer of the house”.

jmj-r-pr <t:steward><lit:overseer of the house>


jmj-r-kꜣt

jmj-r-kꜣt (singular)
jmjwj-r-kꜣt (dual)
jmjw-r-kꜣt (plural)

From jmj-r (“overseer”) + kꜣt (“work”) in a direct genitive construction.


jmj hrw.f

jmj hrw.f (singular)
jmjwj hrw.f (dual)
jmwj hrw.f (dual)
jmjw hrw.f (plural)
jmw hrw.f (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + hrw (“day”) + .f (“his”), literally “he who is in his day”.

person on duty for the day, in particular as a sentry; duty officer


jmw-ḥꜣt

From the plural of jmj ḥꜣt (“(one) being in front or earlier in time; anterior (one)”), equivalent to jmj (“(one) being in”) + -w (plural suffix) + ḥꜣt (“front”).

(plural only) forebears, ancestors, those of times gone by


jmw-ḥꜣt

imi-W:Z2ss- -t:Z1-nTr-Z3 (canonical masculine plural)

(plural only) lesser gods who walk in front of a chief god


jmt ḥꜣt

Feminine form of jmj ḥꜣt (“(one) being in front or earlier in time; anterior (one)”), formed with the addition of the feminine ending -t to the nisba jmj. Equivalent to jmj (“(one) being in”) + -t (feminine ending) + ḥꜣt (“front”).

(often with suffix pronoun attached to jmt) former state of things or earlier time; also, preceding iteration, original; what was before


jmt-ḥꜣt.f

From jmt (feminine of jmj (“(one) being in”)) + ḥꜣt (“front”) + .f (“his”), literally “she who is in his front”.

jmj <alt:jmt><pos:feminine of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jmj</i> (“(one) being in”)>


jmj-st-ꜥ

jmj-st-ꜥ (singular)
jmjwj-st-ꜥ (dual)
jmwj-st-ꜥ (dual)
jmjw-st-ꜥ (plural)
jmw-st-ꜥ (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + st-ꜥ (“activity, efficaciousness”).

helper, acolyte, functionary; also used as a title


jmj-sꜣ

jmj-sꜣ (singular)
jmjwj-sꜣ (dual)
jmwj-sꜣ (dual)
jmjw-sꜣ (plural)
jmw-sꜣ (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + sꜣ (“back”), literally “the one in the back”. Other interpretations have also been suggested, for example taking the second term as zꜣ (“protection”) or zꜣ (“phyle, troop”).


jmw tꜣ

From jmw (“(those) being in”) + tꜣ (“earth”), literally “those in the earth”. Compare the singular form jmj-tꜣ, used as a priestly title.


jmjw-tꜣ-mw

From jmjw (“(those) being in”) + tꜣ (“earth”) + mw (“water”), literally “those in the earth and water”, modeled after the more common jmw tꜣ (“snakes”, literally “those in the earth”) and jmw-mw (“aquatic animals”, literally “those in the water”).

(plural only) epithet for snakes and water snakes, collectively


jmj-tꜣ

jmj-tꜣ (singular)
jmjwj-tꜣ (dual)
jmwj-tꜣ (dual)
jmjw-tꜣ (plural)
jmw-tꜣ (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + tꜣ (“earth”), literally “the one in the earth”. Compare the non-titular use of the plural form jmw tꜣ (“snakes; rocks”, literally “those in the earth”).


nb-jmꜣt

nb-jmꜣt (singular)
nbwj-jmꜣt (dual)
nbw-jmꜣt (plural)

From nb (“lord, possessor”) + jmꜣt (“friendliness, charm, belovedness”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “possessor of friendliness/charm/belovedness”.

jmꜣt <t:friendliness, charm, belovedness>


nbt-jmꜣt

nbt-jmꜣt (singular)
nbtj-jmꜣt (dual)
nbwt-jmꜣt (plural)

From nbt (“mistress, lady, possessor”) + jmꜣt (“friendliness, charm, belovedness”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “possessor of friendliness/charm/belovedness”.


wrt-jmꜣt

From wrt (“great”) + jmꜣt (“friendliness, charm, belovedness”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “great of friendliness/charm/belovedness”.


jmꜣw

iAm-m-w-pr (canonical masculine)
jmꜣw (singular)
jmꜣwwj (dual)
jmꜣww (plural)

ir-iAm-m-pr ― jrj jmꜣ(w) ― to pitch a tent

Hr:r-Aa19:D40-iAm-m-pr ― ḥr jmꜣ(w) ― to set up camp

(figuratively) building, such as a hut, house, or office


jmꜣw

From jmꜣ (“to be friendly, charming, pleasing”) + -w.

jmꜣ <t:to be friendly, charming, pleasing>

radiance of the sun; solar splendor or brilliance


nb-jmꜣḫ

nb-jmꜣḫ (singular)
nbwj-jmꜣḫ (dual)
nbw-jmꜣḫ (plural)

From nb (“lord, possessor”) + jmꜣḫ (“dignity, honor, reverence”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “possessor of reverence”.

an epithet for the dead: revered one, venerable one (+ ḫr: one honored by (someone))


nbt-jmꜣḫ

nbt-jmꜣḫ (singular)
nbtj-jmꜣḫ (dual)
nbwt-jmꜣḫ (plural)

From nbt (“mistress, lady, (female) possessor”) + jmꜣḫ (“dignity, honor, reverence”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “possessor of reverence”.

nbt <t:mistress, lady, (female) possessor>

an epithet for the (female) dead: revered one, venerable one (+ ḫr: one honored by (someone))


jmꜣḫt

From jmꜣḫ (“to be honored, revered”) + -t.


jmꜣḫwt

jmꜣḫwt (singular)
jmꜣḫwtj (dual)
jmꜣḫwwt (plural)

From jmꜣḫw (“revered one”) + -t (feminine ending).

an epithet for the (female) dead or, sometimes, the (female) aged: revered one, venerable one (+ ḫr or genitive: one honored by (someone); + m: one honored in (a place))


jmꜣḫyt

Alternative form of jmꜣḫwt (“(female) revered one”)


jmn-ꜥ

jmn-ꜥ (singular)
jmnwj-ꜥ (dual)
jmnw-ꜥ (plural)

From jmn (“hidden”) + ꜥ (“arm”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “hidden of arm”, i.e. “(the one) with the hidden arm”.


jmn-nṯrw

From jmn (“hidden”) + nṯrw (“gods”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “hidden of the gods”, i.e. “most hidden one among the gods”, “most hidden god”.