wdḥw

wdḥw (singular)
wdḥwwj (dual)
wdḥww (plural)

wdḥ (“to pour out, to libate, to cast”) + -w.


šꜣqw

(plural only) rings or circles of metal used as jewelry; rings, earrings, bracelets


tkꜣw

tkꜣw (singular)
tkꜣwwj (dual)
tkꜣww (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲑⲓⲕ (thik)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲓⲕ (tik)

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE

x:f-A&t-D54:pr*Z1-p:n-i-N-i-mn:n-nb:g*g:g-N17:N17-F15-f-nfr-H_SPACE:r:*t-H-n:a-ra:Z1-A40-
-s-w-xA-w-N2-f-H-n:a-G26-t:kA-Q7-M-HD-t:ra-H-b-z-S28:H_SPACE*Z2ss-M:G11*G11-t:D40
ḫfꜣ.t(w) pr pn jn jmn nb-nswt-tꜣwy wp.f rnpt nfrt ḥnꜥ rꜥ swḫꜣ.f ḥnꜥ ḏḥwtj tkꜣ(w) m ḥḏt ḥbsw m rḫt

c. 1290–1279 BCE (reign of Seti I), Temple of Karnak, Great Hypostyle Hall, B 327: east wall, north wing, fourth register, seventh scene from the north (KIU 889), lines 1–3

May this house be illuminated by Amun, lord of the thrones of the Two Lands when he [op]ens a good year together with Re, when he passes the night together with Thoth and a taper consisting of white (fat) and cleaned cloth. (translation by Brand et al.)

-A-W:H_SPACE-Q7-a:t*F51-n-G3-W:Y1-V6-nw-
-t*t:xAst-x:F51-Q7-pr-Z1-p:n
tkꜣw ꜥt n(j) mꜣw(t) ḥbs nw(j) b(ꜣ)ẖtt ḫf(ꜣ) pr pn

c. 51–30 BCE (reign of Cleopatra VII), Temple of Hathor at Dendera, roof kiosk (chamber W'), east gate, inner side, right (south) door post, D 8, 17.7

Taper of fresh fat and brilliant cloth, illuminate this house!


šsm

šsm (singular)
šsmwj (dual)
šsmw (plural)


ḥwt-ꜥꜣt

ḥwt-ꜥꜣt (singular)
ḥwtj-ꜥꜣtj (dual)
ḥwwt-ꜥꜣwt (plural)

(chiefly in titles) a significant building, particularly a palace or temple


ḫryt

x:r-i-i-t:N33C- N33A (canonical feminine)

(uncountable, figuratively) misfortune, ruin


jp

i-w-i-p:Y1-m-a:A1-m-sw-t-pr-n:h-m-A24-D54-n:A1-nTr-dwA-A30-n:A1

c. 1944 BCE, (year 17 of the reign of Senusret I), Stela of Mentuwoser (MMA 12.184), lines 7–8

The accounting was in my charge in the royal palace, and there was acclaim for me and thanking for me.

jw jp m-ꜥ.j m pr-nswt nhm n.j dwꜣ-nṯr n.j

D&d:f-nw:k-z:a-H-S20-Z1*Z1*nw:n-sw-t:n-A40-Z1*Z1*Z1*Z1:nw-n:wp-p:Z9-r-H-w-A40-A40-
-xnt-st-t:pr-m-wa:a:a-w-H-Hz-s--w--T:n-nw-w-Y1:Z1*Ba15s*Z1*Ba15as*Z1-wn:n--nw:t-sbA:ra-…--i-A1-Z3-
-tp:p-a:Z1-m-i-p:Y1-r:x--i-i-t--A1-B1-Z3
ḏd.f jnk sꜥḥ snnw n nswt jfdnw n wp-rḥwj ḫnt(j) st m wꜥꜥw ḥs[w] ṯnw wn[wt …] tp(j)-ꜥ m jp rḫyt

c. 1479–1425 BCE, (reign of Thutmose III), tomb autobiography of Rekhmire (TT100), lines 3–4

He says: I am a dignitary second to the king, fourth to the Judge of the Two Companions (Thoth, judge of Horus and Set), the one foremost of position in private audience, who is praised at each hour, […] who stands ahead in the esteem of the commoners.

regard, esteem, opinion or assessment of someone


jp

Only used in rḏj jp ḥr (“to hit someone on (a body part)”)


jrj-ꜥꜣ

jrj-ꜥꜣ (singular)
jrjwj-ꜥꜣ (dual)
jrjw-ꜥꜣ (plural)

Demotic:  (jrj-ꜥꜣ)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: παστοφόρος (pastophóros) (calque)

→ Latin: pastophorus

→ English: pastophorus, pastophore

jrj (“keeper”) + ꜥꜣ (“door”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘keeper of the door’.


sqd

sqd (singular)
sqdwj (dual)
sqdw (plural)

i-w-d:p-t:P1-r-ii-i-t:D54-m-Xn:n-nw-w-pr-s-qd-d-A30-A1:Z2-i-m-s-r:x-Y2:n-k\

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 119–121

A boat is to come from home with sailors in it whom you know.


bjꜣ

bjꜣ (singular)
bjꜣwj (dual)
bjꜣw (plural)

mine (place from which ore is extracted)


rsw

Allen considers this a nominalized nisba adjective formed from rsw (“south”) + -(j) (nisba ending); however, no form *rswj with the nisba ending written out is attested.


jt-mḥ

jt (“barley”) + mḥ. There are differing views regarding the interpretation of the second element; traditionally it was considered a derivative of mḥw (“Lower Egypt”), making the whole compound mean “Lower Egyptian barley” in contrast with jt-šmꜥ (“Upper Egyptian barley”). Allen instead considers the second element to be mḥ (“full”), making the whole compound mean “full barley” in contrast with šmꜥ (“‘thin’ barley, i.e. barley with fewer grains”).

barley of some kind; see the etymology section above for discussion


dnjt

dnjt (singular)
dnjtj (dual)
dnjwt (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲛⲉ (tēne)


dnjt

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲁⲉⲓⲉ (taeie)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲟⲓ (toi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲁⲉⲓ (taei)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲁⲓⲉ (taie)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲟⲉ (toe), ⲧⲟⲓⲉ (toie)


mꜣr

mꜣr (singular)
mꜣrwj (dual)
mꜣrw (plural)

m- (noun-forming prefix) + ꜣr (“to repulse, to oppress”)


nḏ

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲛⲁⲉⲓⲧ (naeit)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲱⲓⲧ (nōit)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲛⲁⲏⲧ (naēt), ⲛⲁⲓⲧ (nait)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲉⲓⲧ (noeit)


njꜣj

njꜣj (singular)
njꜣjwj (dual)
njꜣjw (plural)


ḥs

Coptic: ϩⲟⲥ (hos)

(uncountable) feces, excrement (of humans or animals)


kꜣwtj

kꜣwtj (singular)
kꜣwtjwj (dual)
kꜣwtjw (plural)


wḫꜣ

wḫꜣ (singular)
wḫꜣwj (dual)
wḫꜣw (plural)

wa:a-A1-Z1-i-m-nb-m-a:k\-A-A24-ib*Z1:f-n&xt-A24-a*Z1:f-r-sn-n:nw-w-A1-Z1-Z1-f-!-D35:n-w-xA-A-nDs-A1-m-Hr:r-ib-s-n:Z2
wꜥ jm nb mꜥkꜣ jb.f nḫt ꜥ.f r snnw.f nn wḫꜣ m ḥr(j) jb.sn

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 99–101

Each one of them, his mind was more observant and his arm was stronger than his fellow’s. There was no fool in their midst.


ṯmꜣ

ṯmꜣ (singular)
ṯmꜣwj (dual)
ṯmꜣw (plural)


zẖꜣw-n-ṯmꜣ

zẖꜣw-n-ṯmꜣ (singular)
zẖꜣwwj-nwj-ṯmꜣ (dual)
zẖꜣww-nw-ṯmꜣ (plural)

/zɛçɑuː ɛn t͡ʃɛmɑ/

From zẖꜣw (“scribe”) + n(j) (“of”) + ṯmꜣ (“cadaster”).

af

an official in charge of cadastral registers showing the ownership and yield of agricultural land


jꜣbt

The Wörterbuch considers this a further derived nominalized nisba adjective, presumably formed from jꜣbt (“east”) + -(j) (nisba ending); however, the form *jꜣbtj with the nisba ending written out is nowhere attested with this meaning. Such an analysis is, nonetheless, supported by the masculine gender of this term.


jꜣbtj

Demotic: jꜣbṱ

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲉⲃⲧ (iebt), ⲉⲓⲉⲃⲧ (eiebt)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲉⲃⲧ (eiebt), ⲉⲉⲓⲃⲧ (eeibt)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓⲏϥⲧ (iēft), ⲁⲓⲏⲃⲧ (aiēbt)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲃⲧ (eibt)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉⲓⲃⲧⲉ (eibte)

→ Ancient Greek: -ιευθης (-ieuthēs), -εγεβθης (-egebthēs)

jꜣbt (“east, left”) + -j (nisba ending).


bjꜣt

bjꜣt (singular)
bjꜣtj (dual)
bjꜣwt (plural)

mn:nw*nw*nw:Y1-p-w-n:z&A1-nfr-Z2:f:z-m-x:H_SPACE-p-w-b-i-n:nDs-b-i-bH
mnw pw n(j) z nfrw.f smḫ pw bjn bj(ꜣt)

Reign of Senusret I, c. 1971–1926 BCE, Stela of Mentuhotep (London UC 14333), line 16

The monument of a man is his goodness; one who is evil of character is forgotten.

r:a-i-n-TA-t:A1-n-i-s-t-A2-n-A-i-i-f:n-X:r-d-w-A17A-A1:Z2-!-m-xt:x*t-D54-a:r-q-arq-A2-f-z:x-r-Y1-r:T-A1*B1:Z2-b-M17-t:W10-bH-A2-s-n:Z2-m-ii-i-t:D54-Hr-Z1-r:f
rdj.jn ṯꜣt(j) njs.t(w) nꜣy.f n(j) ẖrdw m ḫt ꜥrq.f sḫr r(m)ṯw bjꜣt.sn m jjt ḥr.f

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.3–2.4

So the vizier let his children be summoned after he understood the conduct of people, their character being what had come upon him.

a good attribute of a person for which he or she is well-liked


wdn

w-d:n-wdn (canonical masculine)
wdn (singular)
wdnwj (dual)
wdnw (plural)


wnwt-ḥwt-nṯr

From wnwt (“hour, hourly duties, hourly staff”) + ḥwt-nṯr (“temple”). The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

af

wnwt <t:hour, hourly duties, hourly staff>

egy-ht

(collective) the hourly staff or hour-priesthood of a temple


ḫꜣz

(hapax) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


pḏtj

pḏtj (singular)
pḏtjwj (dual)
pḏtjw (plural)

Nominalized from pḏt (“bow”) + -j (nisba ending).

bowman, archer, especially as an epithet for kings or certain gods


pḏtj

barbarian, foreigner (literally ‘bowman’)


ḏꜣyw

ḏꜣyw (singular)
ḏꜣywwj (dual)
ḏꜣyww (plural)


bdt

bdt (singular)
bdtj (dual)
bdwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲱϯ (bōti)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲧⲉ (bōte)


ḥrj jb

Hr-ib (canonical masculine)
ḥrj jb (singular)
ḥrjwj jb (dual)
ḥrjw jb (plural)

From ḥrj + jb, literally ‘being upon the heart (of)’.


smw

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲓⲙ (sim)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲓⲙ (sim)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲓⲙ (sim)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲓⲙ (sim)

n:p:r-i-A40-D37:f-s-sm:M-Hn:f:nb-D:f:X4-n:N21*Ax*Z1-b-s-K5:D54:f-s-s-Aa18-w-A2-D37:f-sw-w-m-tA:tA:tA:nb
nprj dj.f sm(w).f nb ḏf(ꜣ) n(j) ꜣḫt bs.f ssꜣw dj.f sw m tꜣw nb(w)

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 20

Nepri gives all his plants, the provisions of the field, bringing forth satiety and giving it to all lands.


snwtt

snwtt (singular)
snwttj (dual)
snwtwt (plural)


qꜣdt

q-A-d:t-Hn (canonical feminine)
qꜣdt (singular)
qꜣdtj (dual)
qꜣdwt (plural)


zšn

z:S:n-zSn (canonical masculine)
zšn (singular)
zšnwj (dual)
zšnw (plural)

Demotic: sšn

Coptic: ϣⲱϣⲉⲛ (šōšen)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: σοῦσον (soûson)
→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (swsn' /sōsan/)
Classical Persian: سوسَن (sōsan), سَوْسَن (sawsan)
→ Arabic: سَوْسَن (sawsan)
Andalusian Arabic:
→ Galician: azucena
→ Portuguese: açucena
→ Spanish: azucena
Moroccan Arabic: سوسان (sūsān)

→ Hebrew: שׁוֹשַׁנָּה (shoshaná)
→ English: Shoshana
→ French: Chochana
→ Ancient Greek: Σουσάννα (Sousánna) (see there for further descendants)


jmꜣḫ

worthiness of attention, care, respect, and remembrance by future generations; roughly dignity, honor (+ r: due to (someone))

in particular, the state of dignity or honor attributed to one of the dead who have been judged righteous

zb-b-D54-imAx:Z1 (Old Kingdom)


jmꜣḫ

imAx (canonical masculine)
jmꜣḫ (singular)
jmꜣḫwj (dual)
jmꜣḫw (plural)

spinal column, backbone, including the spinal cord

mythologically, the vertebral canal of the snake through which the sun is said to travel


jmꜣḫw

jmꜣḫw (singular)
jmꜣḫwwj (dual)
jmꜣḫww (plural)

From jmꜣḫ (“to be honored, revered”) + -w.

i-U2:x-imAx-U2:mAa:a ― jmꜣḫ(w) mꜣꜥ ― true revered one

imAx:x-wa:t*Z1 ― jmꜣḫ(w) wꜥt(j) ― sole revered one

an epithet for the dead or, sometimes, the aged: revered one, venerable one (+ ḫr or genitive: one honored by (someone); + m: one honored in (a place))


jnd

jnd (singular)
jndwj (dual)
jndw (plural)


jwf

Demotic: jwf

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉϥ (ef)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁϥ (af)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲁϥ (aaf)

Coptic Dialect K: ⲉϥ (ef)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉϥ (ef)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲁϥ (aaf), ⲁϥ (af)

[Theban royal tombs andGreco-Roman Period]

i-f:F51-n-HAt:t ― j(w)f n(j) ḥꜣt ― breast meat

HAt:t*Z1-i-f:F51 ― ḥꜣt j(w)f ― breast meat

i-f:F51-n:pH ― j(w)f n(j) pḥwj ― meat from the hindquarters; ham

wr:r-n-i-w-f:F51 ― wr n(j) j(w)f ― large piece or quantity of meat

m-A-t-w-I3-r-i-H_SPACE:W-f-F51:Z2-r-gs-Z1-s-k\:n-I3-A1-O43-p:a-a:f-n:k\
(j)m ꜣtw r jwf r gs skn šzp dj.f n.k

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.9–1.10

Don’t raven after meat next to a voracious man; partake when he gives to you.

epithet of the god Ra when he passes through the afterworld at night

(with following genitive) body, corpse (of some particular god)


ḥtpt

ḥtpt (singular)
ḥtptj (dual)
ḥtpwt (plural)


jnjwbꜣ

jnjwbꜣ (singular)
jnjwbꜣwj (dual)
jnjwbꜣw (plural)


ꜣw

Demotic: ꜥw

Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲟⲩ (ōou)

h-A-D54:k\-w-A1-r-M14-wr-r:N36-m-d:p*t-P1-n:t-mH:a-V1-V20:V20-m-Aw-W-s-!-mH:a-V20:V20-V20:V20-m-s-x-w-D32-s-s-qd-d-A30-A1-V1-V20:V20-i-m-s-m-stp:Y2-n:km-m-t:niwt
hꜣ.kw r wꜣḏ-wr m dpt nt št-mḏwtj mḥ m ꜣw.s ḥmw mḥ m sḫw.s št-mḏwtj sqd jm.s m stp n(j) kmt

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 24–28

I had gone down to the sea in a boat of a hundred twenty cubits in length and forty cubits in breadth, with a hundred twenty sailors in it of the choice of Egypt.


ꜣw

Alternative form of jw (“wrongdoing, evil”)


ꜣwt-jb

Most likely from the infinitive of ꜣwj-jb (“to be happy”); however, some instead suggest a derivation directly from ꜣwt (“length”) + jb (“heart”) in a direct genitive construction. The former would imply the noun is masculine; the latter, feminine. It is attested a few times modified by (apparently masculine) nb, suggesting that the former is the case, but the omission of feminine adjective endings is also not unusual.


ꜣwt-jb

a pectoral amulet in the form of the hieroglyphs Aw:ib ligatured, presumably intended to bring the wearer happiness


ꜣwt-ꜥ

From ꜣwj-ꜥ (“to extend one’s arm, to offer”), thus literally ‘stretching out the arm’.


ꜣwšꜣ

a plant-derived substance from Punt, possibly a gold-colored resin, used as incense


ꜣw-ḥr

ꜣw (“long, extended”) + ḥr (“face”), thus literally ‘the (one who is) long of face’.

D35:n-k-s-t-xpr-r-Aw-W-Hr*Z1:A1-m-H-w-a:nDs-ib-Z1:A1
n(n) n.k st ḫpr ꜣw-ḥr m ḥwꜥ-jb

c. 1860–1839 BCE, The Eloquent Peasant, version B1, Papyrus Berlin P 3023

It does not befit you that a happy/farsighted one becomes anxious.
(literally, “It is not for you, the long of face becoming the short of heart.”)

D35:n-n:k-s-t-xpr-r-Aw-W-Hr*Z1-m-H-W-a:nDs-ib*Z1:A1

late 12th Dynasty, The Eloquent Peasant, version B2, Papyrus Berlin P 3025

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include


jwsw

jwsw (singular)
jwswwj (dual)
jwsww (plural)

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Eloquent Peasant, version B1 (pAmherst 1 and pBerlin 3023) lines 353–354

balance, scales, especially handheld scales


ꜣwsw

Aw-w-sw-w-xt (canonical masculine)
ꜣwsw (singular)
ꜣwswwj (dual)
ꜣwsww (plural)

Alternative form of jwsw (“balance scales”)


wpt

wpt (singular)
wptj (dual)
wpwt (plural)


ḫrwy

ḫrwy (singular)
ḫrwywj (dual)
ḫrwyw (plural)


ꜥwn jb

ꜥwn jb (singular)
ꜥwnwj jb (dual)
ꜥwnw jb (plural)


mḥtt

From the feminine form of mḥtj (“northern”), used as an abstract noun.


ḫnrt

ḫnrt (singular)
ḫnrtj (dual)
ḫnrwt (plural)


ḫnrtt

ḫnrtt (singular)
ḫnrttj (dual)
ḫnrtwt (plural)

From ḫnrt (“prison”) + -t (feminine nisba ending).


znj mnt

znj (“to surpass”) + mnt (“suffering”), with znj in the infinitive and the two words in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘surpassing of suffering’.


ḥm-nswt

sw-Hm (canonical masculine)
ḥm-nswt (singular)
ḥmwj-nswt (dual)
ḥmw-nswt (plural)

From ḥm (“servant”) + nswt (“king”) in a direct genitive construction. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

an official title; literally ‘royal servant’


wꜥr

wꜥr (singular)
wꜥrwj (dual)
wꜥrw (plural)


hꜣw

Demotic: hꜣ

Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲏ (hē)

i-a:N35B-Hr*Z1:p-w-t:SA-Z9:D36-wp:t*Z1-Z2:D35-aHa-a:D54-n:t*W-m-h-A-W:H_SPACE-Y1:Z2-f

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 55–56

He is one who takes vengeance (literally, “one who washes the face”), one who smashes brows; one cannot stand in his vicinity.


ẖnnw

From ẖnn (“to trouble, to disturb”) + -w.


ẖnnw

ẖnnw (singular)
ẖnnwwj (dual)
ẖnnww (plural)


ḫrpw

x:r-p*W:xt (canonical masculine)
ḫrpw (singular)
ḫrpwwj (dual)
ḫrpww (plural)

O43-p:a-x:r-p*W:xt-H-A25-A24-mn:n-i-t-T14-xt-HAt:t*t-V1-r:a-t-Hr*Z1-tA:N23*Z1
šzp ḫrpw ḥw mjnt ḥꜣtt rḏj.t(j) ḥr tꜣ

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 3–5

The mallet has been taken, the mooring post has been struck, and the prow rope is set on land.

wooden mallet for hammering in a mooring post


mjnt

mjnt (singular)
mjntj (dual)
mjnwt (plural)

mooring post; a wooden stake hammered into the ground to which a boat’s prow rope is tied


ḥꜣtt

ḥꜣtt (singular)
ḥꜣttj (dual)
ḥꜣtwt (plural)

Nominalized from the feminine of ḥꜣtj (“frontal, first, best”), thus a nisba formed from ḥꜣt (“front”) + -t (feminine nisba ending).


swḏꜣ jb

swḏꜣ (“to make whole”) + jb (“mind”, literally “heart”).


qꜣb

qꜣb (singular)
qꜣbwj (dual)
qꜣbw (plural)

Perhaps from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *ḳrb- or *ḳlb-; compare Akkadian 𒈛𒊮𒈫 (qerbum, “inside”).


šnwt

court (retinue and surroundings of the sovereign)


šnwt

šnwt (singular)
šnwtj (dual)
šnwwt (plural)


ḫrt-jb

ḫrt (“matters, state, requirements”, feminine of ḫrj, nisba of ḫr (“in the presence of”)) + jb (“heart, mind”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘(what is) in the presence of the heart’.


ꜥꜥb

ꜥꜥb (singular)
ꜥꜥbwj (dual)
ꜥꜥbw (plural)


zmꜣ

zmꜣ (singular)
zmꜣwj (dual)
zmꜣw (plural)


ẖpꜣ

ẖpꜣ (singular)
ẖpꜣwj (dual)
ẖpꜣw (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲉⲗⲡⲓ (xelpi)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲉⲗⲡⲉ (helpe), ϩⲗⲡⲉ (hlpe)

i-a:N35B-i-n-s-n:Z2-sw-w-S:a-d:T30-A24-X:p-pA-A-F51:f

c. 1650 BCE – 1550 BCE, Tales from Papyrus Westcar (pWestcar/pBerlin 3033) column 7

And they washed him after his umbilical cord had been cut.


zḥ

z:H-zH (canonical masculine)
zḥ (singular)
zḥwj (dual)
zḥw (plural)

canopied structure made of reed matting or linen; tent, booth

official hall or chamber, e.g. of a council, administrative office, king, or god

booth or chamber used as an embalmer’s workshop


zḥ

late 18th Dynasty, Teaching for King Merykara 5, 3


r-pr

r-pr (singular)
rwj-prwj (dual)
rw-prw (plural)

→ Arabic: رِيف (rīf)

Demotic: rpy

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲣⲡⲉⲓⲉ (rpeie), ⲣⲡⲉⲉⲓⲉ (rpeeie)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲣⲫⲉⲓ (erphei)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲣⲡⲏⲉⲓ (erpēei), ⲉⲗⲡⲏⲓ (elpēi), ⲉⲗⲡⲏⲏⲓ (elpēēi), ⲉⲗⲡⲏ (elpē)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲣⲡⲉⲉⲓ (rpeei), ⲣⲡⲉⲉ (rpee)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲣⲡⲉ (rpe)

i-nD-D:Hr:k-Q2:ir-nb:H*ra*H-sw-t:Z2ss-nTr-I1S:Z2-r:n:nw*Z2ss-Dsr:r-xpr-Z3-S:t*U30-i-ir:w-m-r:Z1-pr:Z1*Z2ss
j.nḏ ḥr.k wsjr nb nḥḥ nswt nṯr(w) ꜥšꜣ rnw ḏsr ḫprw štꜣ jrw m rw-prw

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 1

Hail to you, Osiris, lord of eternity, king of gods, numerous of names, sacred of developments, secret of rites in temples!


jṯꜣ

jṯꜣ (singular)
jṯꜣwj (dual)
jṯꜣw (plural)


jmj-r-šnt

jmj-r-šnt (singular)
jmjwj-r-šnt (dual)
jmjw-r-šnt (plural)

jmj-r (“overseer”) + šnt (“dispute”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘overseer of dispute’.


tꜣš

tꜣš (singular)
tꜣšwj (dual)
tꜣšw (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲟϣ (toš)

→ Egyptian Arabic: طاش (ṭāš)


ḥpt

ḥpt (singular)
ḥptj (dual)
ḥpwt (plural)

steering oar for a ship: the implement depicted in the hieroglyph Aa5


bnbnt

bnbnt (singular)
bnbntj (dual)
bnbnwt (plural)

bnbn (“Benben, the first mound or stone to arise from the primordial waters at the creation of the world”) + -t.


ḫt n šnj

ḫt (“tree”) + n(j) (“of”) + šnj (“hair”).

n-h:Ba15s*t*Ba15as-M1-n:t-d:V12-b-Z1*Z1*Z1:Z1*Z1-!-xt:Z1-n-D3-Z1-Z1-Z1-!-q-b-M1-Z1-Z1
nh[t] nt d(ꜣ)b 5
ḫt-n-šnj 3
b(ꜣ)q 2
fig-sycamore . . . 5
hair-tree . . . 3

18th Dynasty, tomb of Ineni (TT81), list of trees

(hapax) an unknown plant, a tree or shrub that either is hairy or has hairy-looking inflorescences, fruits, or seeds


gbꜣ

gbꜣ (singular)
gbꜣwj (dual)
gbꜣw (plural)


wꜣḫj

wA-A-x:y-HA-pr (canonical masculine)
wꜣḫj (singular)
wꜣḫjwj (dual)
wꜣḫjw (plural)

columned hall (figuratively as flooded land, with lotiform and papyriform columns)


jꜣrw

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲓ (ali)

Old Coptic: ⲗⲗⲓ (lli)


sbq

s-b-q-rd (canonical masculine)
sbq (singular)
sbqwj (dual)
sbqw (plural)


mfkꜣt

head

<hiero>m-f:kA-</hiero>

 <hiero>t</hiero>

desc

→ Hebrew: נֹפֶךְ (nṓp̄ɛk, “turquoise, modernly abused for carbuncle”)

From m- (noun-forming prefix) + fkꜣt (“turquoise”).


stpt

s-t*p:stp-t (canonical feminine)
stpt (singular)
stptj (dual)
stpwt (plural)


wꜥrt

w-a:r:*t-rd (canonical feminine)
wꜥrt (singular)
wꜥrtj (dual)
wꜥrwt (plural)

⇒ Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲣⲏⲧⲉ (ouerēte)

From Proto-Afroasiatic *waˁVr- (“leg”), according to Orel and Stolbova’s very tentative reconstruction. If so, perhaps cognate with Proto-West Chadic *war- (“leg”), whence Goemai warr, and Proto-Central Chadic *wVr (“leg”), whence Musgu werē.


wꜥrt

wꜥrt (singular)
wꜥrtj (dual)
wꜥrwt (plural)


jzkn

a region of the eastern sky close to the horizon


nmt

nmt (singular)
nmtj (dual)
nmwt (plural)


fnṯ

fnṯ (singular)
fnṯwj (dual)
fnṯw (plural)

Coptic: ϥⲛⲧ (fnt)


qmꜣ

qmꜣ (singular)
qmꜣwj (dual)
qmꜣw (plural)


smr-wꜥtj

smr-wꜥtj (singular)
smrwj-wꜥtjwj (dual)
smrwj-wꜥtwj (dual)
smrw-wꜥtjw (plural)
smrw-wꜥtw (plural)

smr (“royal friend, courtier”) + wꜥtj (“single”).

a court title: ‘sole companion’ of the king


zꜣṯw

zꜣṯw (singular)
zꜣṯwwj (dual)
zꜣṯww (plural)

Demotic: ꜣsṱ

Coptic: ⲉⲥⲏⲧ (esēt)

wn-n:k\-r:f-d-U2-A-U32-Y2-k\-W-A1-Hr-Z1-X:t*Z1-A1-!-d-mi-i-D41:n-A1-z:zA-A-t-w-N23:Z2ss-m-b-bA-A-H-D53-Y2:f
wn.k(w) r.f dmꜣ.kw ḥr ẖt.j dmj.n.j zꜣtw m bꜣḥ.f

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 136–138

At that I was stretched out on my belly, having touched the ground before him.


thm

t:h-m-rd (canonical masculine)
thm (singular)
thmwj (dual)
thmw (plural)


bꜣkꜣ

b-bA-kA:dwA (canonical masculine)
bꜣkꜣ (singular)
bꜣkꜣwj (dual)
bꜣkꜣw (plural)

Late Egyptian form of bkꜣ (“morning, tomorrow”)


jꜣtjw

jꜣtjw (singular)
jꜣtjwwj (dual)
jꜣtjww (plural)

jꜣṯ (“to be(come) injured, mutilated”) + -w. The expected form jꜣṯw is unattested with this meaning, although it exists with other related significations.


jꜣtjw

jꜣt (“mound”) + -j (nisba ending) + -w (plural ending).


nḫt-ꜥ

nḫt (“strong”) + ꜥ (“arm”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘(one) strong of arm’.

one who has grown capable of fending for himself; an adult


jmj-r-ḥwt-nṯr

m:r-nTr-Hwt-t:pr (canonical masculine)
jmj-r-ḥwt-nṯr (singular)
jmjwj-r-ḥwt-nṯr (dual)
jmjw-r-ḥwt-nṯr (plural)

From jmj-r (“overseer”) + ḥwt-nṯr (“temple”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘overseer of the temple’.


wpt-r

→ Ancient Greek: οὐφῶρ (ouphôr)

Old Coptic: ⲟⲩⲡⲁⲓⲣⲉ (oupaire)

wpt (infinitive of wpj (“to open”)) + r (“mouth”), thus ‘opening of the mouth’.

infinitive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">wpj</i> (“to open”)

the opening of the mouth ceremony, a funerary ritual that symbolically reanimates the deceased and lets them regain the senses and physical powers they had in life


sḏꜣ

sḏꜣ (singular)
sḏꜣwj (dual)
sḏꜣw (plural)

s-DA-x*t:nb--n--b-t:nbw-n-i-b-nbw-d-D-n:f-N17:N17:n-zA:f-sw:t-bit:t-pr:ib-s-n
sḏꜣ ḫt nb(t) nb(w)t nb(w)j d(m)ḏ.n.f tꜣwj n zꜣ.f nswt-bjtj pr-jb.sn

2nd Dynasty, c. 2690 BCE, Abydos, Tomb of Peribsen, Part of a jar-seal of dull grey clay with a seal-impression of Peribsen (British Museum EA35594), combined lower and upper impressions

Cylinder seal of all golden things. The Golden One (Set), he has united the Two Lands (Egypt) for his son, the Dual King Peribsen.


sḏmw

sḏmw (singular)
sḏmwwj (dual)
sḏmww (plural)


j.ḫm-sk

i-x-m-s-sk-k:sbA (canonical masculine)
j.ḫm-sk (singular)
j.ḫmwj-sk (dual)
j.ḫmw-sk (plural)

j.ḫm (“not knowing”, imperfective active participle of ḫm) + sk (“destruction”), thus literally ‘(one) not knowing destruction’, because the circumpolar stars never set and so were considered imperishable.

imperfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ḫm</i>

w-d:k-A-k:n:k-<-p-p-i-i->-p:n-m-s-r-

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume IV, Providence: Brown University, PT 519.64–66 (Pyr. 1220a–1220d), P

wd.kꜣ.k n.k ppy pn m sr jm(j) ꜣḫw j.ḫmw-sk mḥtjw pt ḥqꜣw ḥtpwt zꜣꜣww wꜣḥyt ḏḏjw hꜣ nw n ḫnt(j)w kꜣw jm(j)w pt

nb:h-n:nw*w-m-pt:rsw*t*Z1-dwA-ww-m-pt:mH:t:t-
-i-w-x:H_SPACE-m-D35:Z2-s-sk:k-sbA:Z2ss-Xr:r-st-Hr*Z1:f-st-t*pr:Z2:f-p-w-i-w-x:H_SPACE-m-A7:Z2

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 5–6

Possessor of acclaim in the southern sky, worshipped in the northern sky, the circumpolar stars are under his care, and the unwearying stars are his residences.

nb hnw m pt rswt dwꜣw m pt mḥtt j.ḫmw-sk ẖr st ḥr.f swt.f pw j.ḫmw-wrḏ


zfṯ

zfṯ (singular)
zfṯwj (dual)
zfṯw (plural)

Related to zf (“to slaughter, cut up”), zft (“sword, knife”).


sdyt

sdyt (singular)
sdytj (dual)
sdywt (plural)

sd (“to break”) + -y (agent noun-forming suffix) + -t (feminine ending).

one who breaks (something, e.g. bones); breaker


ḥbsyt

ḥbsyt (singular)
ḥbsytj (dual)
ḥbsywt (plural)


ꜥb

a-b-db (canonical masculine)
ꜥb (singular)
ꜥbwj (dual)
ꜥbw (plural)


btj

Middle and Late Egyptian form of bdt (“emmer”)


nswtyw

Possibly from nswt (“king”) + -j (nisba ending) + -w (plural ending).

(collective) tenant farmers of lands belonging to the king


ḥꜣw

Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲏⲟⲩ (hēou)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲏⲩ (hēu)


ḥꜣw

ḥꜣw (singular)
ḥꜣwwj (dual)
ḥꜣww (plural)

ḥꜣj (“to bare, to be(come) naked”) + -w.


ꜥrq

ꜥrq (singular)
ꜥrqwj (dual)
ꜥrqw (plural)

Demotic: ꜣlg

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲟϫ (aloč), ⲁⲗⲟⲕ (alok)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲟϭ (aloc), ⲁⲗⲟⲕ (alok)

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


wḥꜥ

wḥꜥ (singular)
wḥꜥwj (dual)
wḥꜥw (plural)

Demotic: wḥj

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲟϩⲓ (ouohi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϩⲉ (ouōhe)

epithet for the king when making an offering of geese


ḥtrw

ḥtrw (singular)
ḥtrwwj (dual)
ḥtrww (plural)


ꜥwꜣ

ꜥwꜣ (singular)
ꜥwꜣwj (dual)
ꜥwꜣw (plural)


gmḥt

gmḥt (singular)
gmḥtj (dual)
gmḥwt (plural)


ḏj ꜥnḫ

Perfective passive participle of rḏj (“to give”) + ꜥnḫ (“life”), thus ‘given life’. Unlike other such passive participial clauses, this one has been fossilized without any resumptive pronoun (a construction like *ḏj n.f ꜥnḫ would be expected).

a state of having been ‘given life (forever)’ achieved by the pharaoh


ḥrj-tp

ḥrj-tp (singular)
ḥrjwj-tp (dual)
ḥrwj-tp (dual)
ḥrjw-tp (plural)
ḥrw-tp (plural)

Demotic: ḥrj-tp, ḥr-tb

→ Hebrew: חַרְטֹם (ḥarṭōm), חרטום

→ Hebrew: חַרְטֹם (ḥarṭōm), חרטום

From ḥrj (“being upon”) + tp (“head”). The noun is thus literally ‘(he who is) upon the head’.


zt-ḥmt

zt-ḥmt (singular)
ztj-ḥmtj (dual)
zwt-ḥmwt (plural)

Demotic: s-ḥmt

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ (shime)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥϩⲓⲙⲓ (shimi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥϩⲓⲙⲓ (shimi), ⲥⲓⲙⲓ (simi), ⲥⲓⲙⲉⲓ (simei)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ (shime)

Old Coptic: ⲥⲓⲙⲉ (sime)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥϩⲓⲙⲉ (shime), ⲥⲉⲓⲙⲉ (seime), ⲥϩⲉ (she)

zt (“woman”) + ḥmt (“woman”). This compound arose because the feminine ending -t in zt eventually became silent, making zt homophonous with z (“man”), so that it became necessary to add ḥmt to clarify.


sšm

sšm (singular)
sšmwj (dual)
sšmw (plural)

written instruction specifying how something is to be done

situation or state of affairs at a particular place

(in calculations) division, distribution

a secret form in which gods manifest in the Amduat (in contrast to their proper bodies)


fnḫw

→ Ancient Greek: Φοῖνιξ (Phoînix)

→ Latin: pūnicus

→ English: Punic

→ Ancient Greek: Φοινίκη (Phoiníkē)

→ Latin: Phoenīcē, Phoenīcia

→ English: Phoenicia

→ Mycenaean Greek: 𐀡𐀛𐀑𐀍 (po-ni-ki-jo)

Probably from the plural of fnḫ (“carpenter, woodcutter”), in connection with the Egyptian trade in lumber in Canaan.

s-Aa7:T2-wr-wr-wr-nw*Z1:r-t:n-nw*w-T14-N25-N25:N25:N25-nb:t-N38:t*U30*t-Y1:N17-N17:N17-nb:Z2-f:n-x-w-A49:Z2
sqr wrw n(j)w rtnw ḫꜣswt nb(w)t štꜣ(w)t tꜣw nbw fnḫw

15th century BCE, "Massacre of the Enemies", obelisk relief of the conquests of Thutmose III at Karnak, southern face (verso) of the seventh pylon [Cfeetk 57176/KIU 2105], caption

The smiting of the great ones of Retjenu and every hidden foreign land and every land of the Phoenicians.

(plural only) a people in Canaan or Syria, perhaps originally the forest-dwellers of Lebanon; Phoenicians


skꜣ

skꜣ (singular)
skꜣwj (dual)
skꜣw (plural)


wr-mꜣw

wr (“great”) + mꜣw (“seers”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘great(est) of the seers’.

the title of the high priest of Heliopolis


nḫꜣw

n:x-xA-A-W-in (canonical masculine)
nḫꜣw (singular)
nḫꜣwwj (dual)
nḫꜣww (plural)


ktt

ktt (singular)
kttj (dual)
ktwt (plural)


ktt

>? Bohairic Coptic: ⲕⲁⲕⲑⲓ (kakthi), ⲕⲁⲕⲧⲓ (kakti), ⲭⲁⲕⲑⲓ (khakthi)

>? Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲁⲕⲧⲉ (kakte), ⲕⲁⲧⲕⲉ (katke)

ii-k:t-t:L4-zp:Z1*Z1-m-t:A14-w-S:a-A2-k:t-t:L4

c. 2050 BCE – 1950 BCE, Coffin Texts, version B1Boᵃ (outer coffin of Djehutinakht, Boston 20.1822–27) spell 433

The louse comes, the louse comes dead, the louse is chewed.


zšꜣ

zšꜣ (singular)
zšꜣwj (dual)
zšꜣw (plural)


sḫmt

sḫm (“to be powerful, to have power over”) + -t (feminine suffix).

af

(rare) power, capability, especially capability to overpower

(rare) fertility, capacity for procreation


ꜥš

a kind of coniferous tree whose wood and resin were used medicinally, traditionally rendered as ‘cedar’, likely the Cilician fir (Abies cilicica)


ꜥšꜣt

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁϣⲏ (ašē)

i-r-N41-m-s-B4-k\-H-n:a-aSA-A-t-A1*B1:Z2-ms-z:d-nDs-t:X2-X4:Z2-mr-r:*r-A2-k\

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.3–1.4

If you sit with a multitude, hate the bread you love.


ḥtp ḏj nswt

ḥtp ḏj nswt (singular)
ḥtpwj ḏjwj nswt (dual)
ḥtpw ḏjw nswt (plural)

From ḥtp (“offering”) + ḏj (perfective relative form of rḏj) + nswt (“king”), thus ‘an offering that the king gives’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

ḏj <pos:perfective relative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">rḏj</i>>

egy-ht

sw-t:Htp-di-ir:st-A40-nb-Dd-d:O49-w-nTr-O29V-nb-Ab-b-Dw:O49
ḥtp ḏj nswt wsjr nb-ḏdw nṯr-ꜥꜣ nb-ꜣbḏw […]

An offering given by the king and Osiris, the Lord of Djedu, the Elder God, the Lord of Abydos […]

a funerary gift authorized by the king, generally not given by the king personally but by a local funerary establishment under the patronage of a particular god; a royal offering


tꜣ-ḏsr

tꜣ-ḏsr (singular)
tꜣwj-ḏsrwj (dual)
tꜣw-ḏsr (plural)

tꜣ (“land”) + ḏsr (“sacred”), thus ‘sacred land’.


prt-ḫrw

/ˌpəɾəχəˈɾaw/

/ˌpəɾəχəˈɾaw/

/ˌpəɾəχəˈɾaw/

/ˌpəɾəχəˈɾaw/

prt (infinitive of prj (“to emerge”)) + ḫrw (“voice”), thus ‘emergence of the voice’.

af

infinitive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">prj</i> (“to emerge”)

a funerary offering of which the spirit of the deceased is called to partake, generally made under the auspices of Osiris and consisting of at least bread, beer, cattle, and fowl; invocation offering


sšrw

sšrw (singular)
sšrwwj (dual)
sšrww (plural)


ḏfꜣ

ḏfꜣ (singular)
ḏfꜣwj (dual)
ḏfꜣw (plural)


rḫ-nswt

a court title: ‘acquaintance of the king’


zmyt

z-m-i-i-t:xAst (canonical feminine)
zmyt (singular)
zmytj (dual)
zmywt (plural)


špssw

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲃϣⲓ (šbši)

a:A1-ini-n:t-n:k\-H-a-w-P1:Z2-A-t:p-w-A2-A24-Xr:r-A51-s-s-Y2:Z2-nb:n-km-m-t-niwt:t*Z1-!-mi-i-ir:r-t:n-nTr-Z1-U7:r-r-A2-r:T-A1*B1:Z2-!-m-tA:N23*Z1-wA-A-N31-D35-r:x-Y2-sw-W-r-T-A1-B1-Z2ss
dj.j jn.t(w) n.k ḥꜥw ꜣtp.w ẖr špssw nb n(j) kmt mj jrrt n nṯr mrr r(m)ṯ m tꜣ wꜣ nj rḫ sw r(m)ṯ

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 146–148

I will have them bring you a fleet laden with every finery of Egypt, like what is done for a god beloved by people in a faraway land people don’t know.


qsn

q-qs-n:nDs (canonical masculine)
qsn (singular)
qsnwj (dual)
qsnw (plural)


pḥwj

pH-w&y (canonical masculine)
pḥwj (singular)
pḥwjwj (dual)
pḥwjw (plural)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲫⲁϩⲟⲩ (phahou), ⲫⲁϩⲟⲩⲓ (phahoui)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲡⲉϩⲟⲩ (pehou)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲁϩⲟⲩ (pahou)


sḫm

sḫm (singular)
sḫmwj (dual)
sḫmw (plural)


sḫm

sxm (canonical masculine)
sḫm (singular)
sḫmwj (dual)
sḫmw (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲓϣⲉⲙ (šišem)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲓⲥⲙⲉ (šisme)

E31-Ax-x:H_SPACE-xnt-E31:Z2-wAH-O44-t:Z1-z:mn:n-HqA-t:Z1-sxm-H_SPACE:Z1-nfr-n:N9:t-H_SPACE:Z2ss-nTr-
-M1-Y1:Hr*Z1-U7:r:r-U3:n:f-r:a:snD-f:m-tA:tA:tA:nb-n:U7:r:*t-d:m-T30:A2-z:n:r:n:f-r:HAt:t*Z1
sꜥḥ ꜣḫ ḫnt sꜥḥw wꜣḥ jꜣwt smn ḥqꜣt sḫm nfr n(j) psḏt jmꜣ ḥr mrr mꜣ n.f rdj snḏ.f m tꜣw nb(w) n mr(w)t dm.sn rn.f r ḥꜣt […]

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 7–8

Effective dignitary, foremost of dignitaries, enduring of office, established of reign, the fair power of the Ennead, gracious of face, the sight of whom is beloved, the awe of whom is set in all lands in order that they pronounce his name first, […]

being of divine power, Power; chiefly used as an epithet for various gods, exceptionally also for kings

(with following genitive, or else plural) earthly image or incarnation (of a god), cult image, including statues, paintings, standards, people, etc.


sḫm

s-x-m-sxm (canonical masculine)
sḫm (singular)
sḫmwj (dual)
sḫmw (plural)


sḫm

to play the sistrum (+ n: for (someone))


šmmt

šmmt (singular)
šmmtj (dual)
šmmwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲉⲙⲓ (xemi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲉⲙⲓ (hemi), ϩⲉⲓⲙⲓ (heimi)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲙⲙⲉ (hmme)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲙⲙⲉ (hmme)


šzpt

šzpt (singular)
šzptj (dual)
šzpwt (plural)


mḏꜣy

mḏꜣy (singular)
mḏꜣywj (dual)
mḏꜣyw (plural)

→ English: Medjay

one of the Medjay (initially a nomadic people from Nubia, later a sort of police force)


ẖnmt

ẖnmt (singular)
ẖnmtj (dual)
ẖnmwt (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲟⲛⲃⲉ (honbe)

ir:t-Xnm-m-t

w-wbA-bA-Xnm-m-t


ḥwn

ḥwn (singular)
ḥwnwj (dual)
ḥwnw (plural)

son, child (of someone, typically a god)


ꜥbꜣ

ꜥbꜣ (singular)
ꜥbꜣwj (dual)
ꜥbꜣw (plural)


mtrt

mt:t-r:*t-hrw (canonical feminine)
mtrt (singular)
mtrtj (dual)
mtrwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲉⲣⲓ (meri)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲉⲉⲣⲉ (meere)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲏⲏⲣⲉ (mēēre)


nrt

nrt (singular)
nrtj (dual)
nrwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲓ (nouri)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩⲣⲉ (noure)


ḏnḥ

ḏnḥ (singular)
ḏnḥwj (dual)
ḏnḥw (plural)

Demotic: tnḥ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲉⲛϩ (tenh)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲛϩ (tēnh)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲛϩ (tnh)

Likely related to Arabic جَنَاح (janāḥ), either through inheritance or through borrowing; see there for more.

st-t:H8-x-Ax-t:H_SPACE--…--ir:t-Sw-w&t-ra:Z2ss-m-Sw-w-t:H5:Z2:z-s-xpr:t-TAw-m-H5:H5:z
ꜣst ꜣḫt […] jrt šwt m šwwt.s sḫprt ṯꜣw m ḏnḥwj.s

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 14–15

capable Isis […] who made shade with her feathers, who brought about breath with her wings


zꜣ-tꜣ

zꜣ (“protection”) + tꜣ (“earth”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘protection of the earth’, referring to prostration on the ground.


zꜣ-tꜣ

Demotic: syṱ

Coptic: ⲥⲓⲧ (sit)

zꜣ (“son”) + tꜣ (“earth”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘son of the earth’.


prt-spdt

prt (“emergence”) + spdt (“Sirius”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘emergence of Sirius’.


zšj

z:S-y- (canonical masculine)
zšj (singular)
zšjwj (dual)
zšjw (plural)

nestling (small bird confined to the nest)


sꜣꜣ

sꜣꜣ (singular)
sꜣꜣwj (dual)
sꜣꜣw (plural)


msw-nswt

From msw (“children”) + nswt (“king”) in a direct genitive construction. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

(plural only) the royal children collectively; princes and princesses


ḥsb

ḥsb (singular)
ḥsbwj (dual)
ḥsbw (plural)


ḥsb

one quarter of a sṯꜣt (“aroura”) (equivalent to about 0.07 hectares)


jꜣwt

gm:M-n:t*w-G5-xrw-f:mAa:a-w-r:a-w-n:f-t-O44-Z1-n:t:t:f
gm.n.tw ḥr ḫrw.f mꜣꜥ.w rdjw n.f jꜣwt nt (j)t.f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 18

Horus was found justified; the office of his father was given to him.

(in the plural, by metonymy) officials, officeholders


jꜣwt

i-A-w-t (canonical feminine)
jꜣwt (singular)
jꜣwtj (dual)
jꜣwwt (plural)


jꜣwt

(Late Egyptian) Alternative form of ꜥwt (“four-legged animals, herds”)


jꜥrt

jꜥrt (singular)
jꜥrtj (dual)
jꜥrwt (plural)

→? Ancient Greek: οὐραῖος (ouraîos)

→ Latin: uraeus

→ English: uraeus

Demotic: ꜥret


jꜥrt

Alternative form of jꜥryt (“dwelling-place of a god”)


ḥzt

ḥzt (singular)
ḥztj (dual)
ḥzwt (plural)


ḥzt

tall ewer or jar for water with a recurved body, a narrow neck, and a wide mouth, typically made of metal; hes-vase


snm

snm (singular)
snmwj (dual)
snmw (plural)

Demotic: snm


rḏw

rḏw (singular)
rḏwwj (dual)
rḏww (plural)


tjsw

ti-sw-w-xt (canonical masculine)
tjsw (singular)
tjswwj (dual)
tjsww (plural)


pꜣḏ

pꜣḏ (singular)
pꜣḏwj (dual)
pꜣḏw (plural)

From Proto-Afroasiatic. Cognate with Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⴼⵓⴷ (afud).


pꜣḏ

p-A-D (canonical masculine)
pꜣḏ (singular)
pꜣḏwj (dual)
pꜣḏw (plural)

Demotic: pt

ⲫⲁⲧ (phat) (Bohairic)

ⲡⲁⲧ (pat) (Sahidic)

ⲡⲉⲧ (pet) (Akhmimic, Lycopolitan, Fayyumic)


ḏꜣt

ḏꜣt (singular)
ḏꜣtj (dual)
ḏꜣwt (plural)


jrw

jrw (singular)
jrwwj (dual)
jrww (plural)

i-nD-D:Hr:k-Q2:ir-nb:H*ra*H-sw-t:Z2ss-nTr-I1S:Z2-r:n:nw*Z2ss-Dsr:r-xpr-Z3-S:t*U30-i-ir:w-m-r:Z1-pr:Z1*Z2ss
j.nḏ ḥr.k wsjr nb nḥḥ nswt nṯr(w) ꜥšꜣ rnw ḏsr ḫprw štꜣ jrw m rw-prw


jrw

ir-w (canonical masculine)
jrw (singular)
jrwwj (dual)
jrww (plural)

jrj (“to do, to make”) + -w (agentive suffix).


pḥtj

Old Coptic: ⲡⲁϩⲧⲉ (pahte)


sprw

sprw (singular)
sprwwj (dual)
sprww (plural)


snḏm

s-nDm-m-Xrd (canonical masculine)
snḏm (singular)
snḏmwj (dual)
snḏmw (plural)

s- (causative prefix) + nḏm (“to be pleasant or sweet”).


qnbt

qnbt (singular)
qnbtj (dual)
qnbwt (plural)

nTr-dwA-A-A30-t-w-n:k\-m-niwt:t*Z1-x*t:f-Hr-Z1-q:n-b-t-O38-A1:Z2ss-tA:N23*Z1-r-Dr:r-f

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 143–144

They will thank the god for you in the city in front of the council and the entire land.

dwꜣ.tw-nṯr n.k m nwt ḫft ḥr qnbt tꜣ r ḏr.f


ḥmꜣt

Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲙⲟⲩ (hmou)

Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲙⲟⲩ (hmou)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲉⲙⲟⲩ (hemou)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲙⲟⲩ (hmou)


mjwt

mjwt (singular)
mjwtj (dual)
mjwwt (plural)

Demotic: mj, jmj

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲙⲟⲩ (emou)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲙⲟⲩ (emou)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲙⲟⲩ (emou), ⲁⲙⲟⲩ (amou)


mnjw

mnjw (singular)
mnjwwj (dual)
mnjww (plural)


šmꜥyt

šmꜥyt (singular)
šmꜥytj (dual)
šmꜥywt (plural)


ḫbzwt

ḫbzwt (singular)
ḫbzwtj (dual)
ḫbzwwt (plural)


ḏꜣr

ḏꜣr (singular)
ḏꜣrwj (dual)
ḏꜣrw (plural)


jwꜥw

jwꜥw (singular)
jwꜥwwj (dual)
jwꜥww (plural)

Demotic: ꜥꜥ, ꜥw

Old Coptic: ⲱⲟⲩ (ōou)

iwa-A1-n-iwa-A1 ― jwꜥ(w) n(j) jwꜥ(w) ― heir of one’s heir

iwa-A1-H8:Z1-iwa-A1 ― jwꜥ(w) zꜣ jwꜥ(w) ― heir of one’s heir (literally, “heir, son of heir”)

E9:a-w-iwa:H_SPACE-gb-b-sw-i-i-t:Y1:tA:tA-U3:f-Ax-x:H_SPACE-Y1:Z2:f-s-V25-w-Y1:n:f:n:f-s-T32:m-tA:tA:tA:n-m:a-r:wAH-n:z:p-zp:Z2ss-ir:*n:f
jwꜥw gbb (n)syt tꜣwj mꜣ.f ꜣḫw.f swḏ.n.f n.f sšm tꜣw n mꜥr n(j) zpw jr.n.f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 10–13

[…] the heir of Geb in the kingship of the Two Lands (Egypt), whose prowess he (Geb) saw, to whom he has bequeathed the guidance of the lands because of the success of the deeds he has done.

N9*t:Z2-nTr-Hr:Z1-r:S:zp*Z1s*Z1s-ii-w&y-Q2:ir-zA-Z1:H_SPACE-G5-mn:ib*Z1-mAa:a:P8H-zA-Z1:H_SPACE-st-t:H8-E9:a-w-iwa:H_SPACE-Q2:ir

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 17

The Ennead was rejoicing: Welcome, son of Osiris, Horus, firm of heart and true of voice, son of Isis and heir of Osiris!

psḏt ḥr ršrš jjwj zꜣ wsjr ḥr mn jb mꜣꜥ-ḫrw zꜣ ꜣst jwꜥw wsjr

image of a dead person in the form of a statue, seen as an ‘heir’ in the sense of being left behind on the earth after his death


ꜥn

a:n-xt (canonical masculine)
ꜥn (singular)
ꜥnwj (dual)
ꜥnw (plural)


ꜥn

Nominalized from the participle of ꜥnj (“to be beautiful, pleasant, kind”).


rwj

Dual form of r(ꜣ) (“part, piece, ¹⁄_…”).


pr-ḥḏ

pr-ḥḏ (singular)
prwj-ḥḏ (dual)
prw-ḥḏ (plural)

pr (“house”) + ḥḏ (“silver”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘house of silver’. However, this may be a reanalysis, and the name may have originally been intended as pr (“house”) + ḥḏ (“white”), thus ‘white house’, in contrast to the treasury of Lower Egypt, pr-dšr (literally “the red house”).


wjꜣ

wjꜣ (singular)
wjꜣwj (dual)
wjꜣw (plural)

T-w:*t-nTr-A40-H_SPACE:p-w-DA-A-Z9-wn:n-nw-t-dwA-ra:N33A-Htp:t*p-k-w-i-A-P3-xpr:r-A40
ṯwt nṯr pw ḏꜣ wnwwt ḥtp.k wjꜣ ḫpr(j)

c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 11

You are this god who sails across the hours as you rest in the barque of Khepri.


bꜣkt

bꜣkt (singular)
bꜣktj (dual)
bꜣkwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲱⲕⲓ (bōki)


nbt-tꜣ

nbt (“lady, mistress”) + tꜣ (“land”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Lady of the Land’.


ršwt

Bohairic Coptic: ⲣⲁϣⲓ (raši)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲗⲉϣⲓ (leši)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲣⲉϣⲉ (reše)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲣⲁϣⲉ (raše)

b-w-nb:x:n:t-S:fnD:Y1-ib:Z2ss-nDm-HAt:ib*Z2ss-Xr:r-r:S-w&t
bw-nb ḫntš(.w) jbw nḏm(.w) ḥꜣtjw ẖr ršwt

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 21

Everybody is glad, minds are sweet, hearts are in joy.


rmṯt

Alternative form of rmṯ (“person, people”)


ḫꜣstjw

ḫꜣst (“foreign land”) + -j (nisba ending) + -w (plural ending).


jmj jb

jmj jb (singular)
jmjwj jb (dual)
jmwj jb (dual)
jmjw jb (plural)
jmw jb (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + jb (“heart, mind”), literally “one who/that which is in the heart/mind”.


wḫt

wḫt (singular)
wḫtj (dual)
wḫwt (plural)

Demotic: wḫ

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⳉⲓ (ouxi)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩϣⲏ (oušē), ⲟⲩϣⲓ (ouši)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲟⲩϣⲏ (oušē)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩϣⲏ (oušē)


wrryt

wrryt (singular)
wrrytj (dual)
wrrywt (plural)


mꜣwt

mꜣwt (singular)
mꜣwtj (dual)
mꜣwwt (plural)

Demotic: mꜣy

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲓ (moui)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲉ (moue)


jꜣdw

jꜣdw (singular)
jꜣdwwj (dual)
jꜣdww (plural)


wršy

wršy (singular)
wršywj (dual)
wršyw (plural)


wḥyt

aA:a-A-Y1-g:r&t-d-mi-i-t:D41-r-A1-m-ii-i-D54:n-U7-W*t-A2-A1!-r:a-t:f-w-A1-m-HqA-q:A1-w-H-i-i-T14-A1*B1:Z2-m-stp:Y1-n-xAst:t*Z1-f
ꜥꜣ grt dmjt r.j m jj n mrwt.j rḏjt.f wj m ḥqꜣ wḥy m stp n(j) ḫꜣst.f

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 85–87

Moreover what accrued to me as coming because of [his] love of me was great: his placing me as ruler of a tribe of the finest of his land.


bꜣkw

Demotic:  (bk)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲃⲉⲕⲉ (beke)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲉⲭⲉ (bekhe)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲃⲉⲕⲏ (bekē)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲃⲉⲕⲉ (beke)

Old Coptic: ⲃⲓⲕⲉ (bike)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲃⲉⲕⲉ (beke)

bꜣk (“to work, to render service, to pay taxes”) + -w.

af

work, labor, especially hard manual labor


mdw-jꜣw

mdw (“staff”) + jꜣw (“old age”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘staff of old age’.

wD-w:*t-Y1:n-bA:k-A1-i-m-ir:t-md-A19-A1-!-i-x-Y1-D:d-A1:n:f-md-d-w-A2-sDm-m-i-i-w-A1:Z2-!-z:x-r-w-Y1:Z2-imi-m-w-Z2:HAt-t:Z1-p-G41-A-W-Z2ss-sDm*m:n-R8A
wḏ.t(w) n bꜣk jm jrt mdw-jꜣw jḫ ḏd.j n.f mdw sḏmyw sḫrw jmjw-ḥꜣt pꜣw sḏm n nṯrw

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Ptahhotep (pPrisse/pBN 186–194) lines 5.2–5.3

May your humble servant (i.e. the father) be commanded to make his son his deputy (literally, “a staff of old age”); then I will tell him the words of the listeners, the advice of ancestors who once listened to the gods.

a son who assumes the duties of his aged father, allowing the father to remain in office, supported by his son, who carries out the father’s responsibilities as deputy


nḥsj

nH-H-s-y (canonical masculine)
nḥsj (singular)
nḥsjwj (dual)
nḥsjw (plural)


wḏyt

wḏyt (singular)
wḏytj (dual)
wḏywt (plural)


wḏyt

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


ḫmt-rw

/χəmtəˈɾaːwə/

/χəmtəˈɾoːw/

/χəmtəˈɾaːwə/

/χəmtəˈɾoːw/

ḫmtw (“three”) + rw (plural of r(ꜣ) (“part, piece, ¹⁄_…”)).

plural of r(ꜣ) (“part, piece, ¹<big>⁄</big>_…”)


ẖꜣt

ẖꜣt (singular)
ẖꜣtj (dual)
ẖꜣwt (plural)

D35:n-i-iz-pr*Z1:n-s-b-i-A13-Hr:Z1-Hm-Z1:f-i-w-XA:t-Aa2:f-m-q:H_SPACE-T14-Y1:n-mw

c. 1859 BCE – 1813 BCE, The Loyalist Teaching (Stele of Sehetepibre/Cairo CG 20538 Verso) line 19

There is no tomb for a rebel against His Majesty; his corpse is thrown to the water.


ẖꜣt

body of marsh water or lagoon in the Nile delta


mḥyt

mH-H-i-i-t-TAw (canonical feminine)
mḥyt (singular)
mḥytj (dual)
mḥywt (plural)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲙϩⲏ (mhē)


wꜥw

wꜥw (singular)
wꜥwwj (dual)
wꜥww (plural)


ꜥꜥft

ꜥꜥft (singular)
ꜥꜥftj (dual)
ꜥꜥfwt (plural)


smsw

smsw (singular)
smswwj (dual)
smsww (plural)


wdpw

wdpw (singular)
wdpwwj (dual)
wdpww (plural)

Cognate with Arabic وَصِيف (waṣīf, “young man, servant”).


rmyt

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲣⲙⲓⲉⲓ (rmiei)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲣⲙⲏ (ermē), (plural) ⲉⲣⲙⲱⲟⲩⲓ (ermōoui)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲣⲙⲉⲓⲏ (rmeiē), (plural) ⲣⲙⲉⲓⲟⲟⲩⲉ (rmeiooue)


ꜥꜣt

ꜥꜣt (singular)
ꜥꜣtj (dual)
ꜥꜣwt (plural)

Demotic: ꜥꜣ, ꜥꜣ.t, ꜥ.w, ꜥꜣj

precious stone or precious metal in general

(by extension) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


ꜥꜣt

ꜥꜣj (“to be(come) big, great, important”) + -t.

af

(in particular) significant difficult or bad thing


ꜥꜣt

aA:t (canonical feminine)
ꜥꜣt (singular)
ꜥꜣtj (dual)
ꜥꜣwt (plural)

distinguished goddess, great one (as a title for goddesses)


ꜥꜣt

Demotic: ꜥꜣ.t, ꜥyꜣ.t


ꜥꜣt

Demotic: ꜥꜣjw, ꜥꜣjw.t, ꜥꜣj, ꜥꜣj.t

Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲁⲩ (iau)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲁⲁⲩ (eiaau), ⲉⲓⲱ (eiō), ⲓⲱ (iō)


ḥqꜣ-ḥwt

ḥqꜣ-ḥwt (singular)
ḥqꜣwj-ḥwt (dual)
ḥqꜣw-ḥwt (plural)

ḥqꜣ (“ruler”) + ḥwt (“enclosure”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘ruler of the enclosure’.


wzfw

wzfw (singular)
wzfwwj (dual)
wzfww (plural)

neglectful or negligent person, idler, sluggard, shirker


sbḫt

sbḫt (singular)
sbḫtj (dual)
sbḫwt (plural)


ṯmḥ

ṯmḥ (singular)
ṯmḥwj (dual)
ṯmḥw (plural)


jꜣꜣ

i-A-A-Hn (canonical masculine)
jꜣꜣ (singular)
jꜣꜣwj (dual)
jꜣꜣw (plural)


jꜣꜣ

Alternative form of ꜣꜣ (“mound of ruins”)


mẖr

m-a:Xr-r:pr (canonical masculine)
mẖr (singular)
mẖrwj (dual)
mẖrw (plural)

Sm-m:D54-sw-W:t-xA-A-a:n-A1:n-A-n-U10:Z2-n:t*y-m-G41-A-m:a-Xr:r-pr-!-m-DA-A-t:Z2ss-U10-Z2:n-S30

c. 1800 BCE, The Eloquent Peasant, version R (pRamesseum A/pBerlin 10499, Recto) lines 1.3–1.4

Go and measure for me the barley that is in the barn as the remainder of yesterday’s barley.

šm swt ḫꜣ n.j nꜣ n jt ntj m pꜣ mẖr m ḏꜣt jt n sf


jꜣbtt

iAb-b-t*t:xAst (canonical feminine)
jꜣbtt (singular)
jꜣbttj (dual)
jꜣbtwt (plural)

Nominalized from the feminine of jꜣbtj (“eastern”).

m-iAb-b-t*t:xAst (Late Egyptian and Greco-Roman Period)


jꜣbtt

jꜣbtt (singular)
jꜣbttj (dual)
jꜣbtwt (plural)

(18th Dynasty) Alternative form of jbṯt (“bird trap”)


jyt

From jj (“to come”), thus literally ‘that which has come’.

unfavorable occurrences; mishap, harm, trouble

ill deeds; mischief, wrong, harm, offence


jwntj

head

<hiero>iwn-</hiero>

<hiero>t</hiero> <hiero>y</hiero>

<hiero>-A13</hiero>

iwn- t y -A13 (canonical masculine)
jwntj (singular)
jwntjwj (dual)
jwntjw (plural)

From jwnt (“bow”) + -j (nisba ending), thus ‘(one) relating to the bow’, ‘bowman’.

(chiefly in the plural) nomadic desert Nubian

(rare, chiefly in the plural) eastern desert nomad in general, for instance in the Sinai or Wadi Hammamat


jmntt

Demotic: jmntt

desc

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲛⲧⲉ (amnte), ⲉⲙⲛⲧⲉ (emnte)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲉⲛϯ (amenti)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲉⲛϯ (amenti)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉⲙⲛⲧⲉ (emnte)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲛⲧⲉ (amnte)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀμένθης (Aménthēs)

the West, regions of the earth or sky lying to the west

west, western side, western half (of a place or the sky)


jkm

jkm (singular)
jkmwj (dual)
jkmw (plural)


jtnw

Demotic: jtn, ꜣtn, jytn, tn

Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲧⲉⲛ (iten), ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ (hiten)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲧⲉⲛ (eiten), ⲓⲧⲉⲛ (iten)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲓⲧⲛ (itn)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲧⲛ̄ (eitn̄), ⲓⲧⲛ (itn), ⲓⲧⲉⲛ (iten), ⲓⲧⲛⲉ (itne), ⲧⲛⲏ (tnē)

floor, flooring (bottom surface of a room or building)

E9-w-t:n-N23:Z2ss-n-pr-Z1 ― jwtnw n(j) pr ― piece of land on which a house is built


jdyt

i-d-i-i-t-Xrd (canonical feminine)
jdyt (singular)
jdytj (dual)
jdywt (plural)


nt-ꜥ

nt (feminine of nj (“of, belonging to”)) + ꜥ (“hand, state, condition”), thus ‘(what is) belonging to the hand/state of affairs’.

af

feminine of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">nj</i> (“of, belonging to”)

the way of doing things, custom, practice, ritual


ꜥꜥj

a:a:y-Xrd (canonical masculine)
ꜥꜥj (singular)
ꜥꜥjwj (dual)
ꜥꜥjw (plural)


wpwt

wpwt (singular)
wpwtj (dual)
wpwwt (plural)

Demotic: wpt

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲓⲁⲡⲉ (iape)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲟⲡⲏ (iopē), ⲓⲟⲡⲓ (iopi), ⲓⲉⲃ (ieb), ⲓⲏⲃ (iēb)

Old Coptic: ⲉⲓⲁⲡⲉ (eiape), ⲓⲁⲡⲓ (iapi), ⲓⲟⲡⲓ (iopi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲟⲡⲉ (eiope), ⲓⲟⲡⲉ (iope)


wpwt

inventory, register (of cattle, food, land, households, etc.)


bꜣw

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲃⲏⲩ (bēu)

s-D:d-A2-A1-G30-Y2:Z2-k\:n-I3-I3-G7-a:A1-z:S-A-Y2:f-m-aA:a-A-Y1-k\

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 139–140

I will recount your ba-power to the sovereign and make him aware of your greatness.

power of acting on and influencing the external world: might and glory, particularly of a god, the king, or the crown


bꜣw

bꜣw (singular)
bꜣwwj (dual)
bꜣww (plural)


qnjw

qnjw (singular)
qnjwwj (dual)
qnjww (plural)


jmj ḥꜣt

jmj ḥꜣt (singular)
jmjwj ḥꜣt (dual)
jmwj ḥꜣt (dual)
jmjw ḥꜣt (plural)
jmw ḥꜣt (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + ḥꜣt (“front”).

paragon, example or pattern for conduct, role model (for good or ill)

HAt:t*y-ib:k-n-i-imi-m-HAt:t*Z1 ― ḥꜣtj.k n(j) jmj ḥꜣt ― your former heart/mind (literally, “your heart/mind of a former time”)

former state of things or earlier time; what was before


jmj ḫt

jmj ḫt (singular)
jmjwj ḫt (dual)
jmwj ḫt (dual)
jmjw ḫt (plural)
jmw ḫt (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + ḫt (“what is behind or after”). The nisba equivalent to m ḫt.

af

(usually in the plural) follower, retainer, attendant; (in the plural) retinue

(usually in the plural) successor, descendant, aftercomer, one who will come after; (in the plural) posterity

an official title, especially used as part of longer titles: undersupervisor


jmj bꜣḥ

jmj bꜣḥ (singular)
jmjwj bꜣḥ (dual)
jmwj bꜣḥ (dual)
jmjw bꜣḥ (plural)
jmw bꜣḥ (plural)

From jmj (“being in”) + bꜣḥ (“phallus”), constructed on the same model as m bꜣḥ (“in the presence of”).


jrj-pꜥt

r:p:a (canonical masculine)
jrj-pꜥt (singular)
jrjwj-pꜥt (dual)
jrwj-pꜥt (dual)
jrjw-pꜥt (plural)
jrw-pꜥt (plural)

jrj (“one belonging to”) + pꜥt (“patricians”).


ẖrj-qnj

ẖrj-qnj (singular)
ẖrjwj-qnj (dual)
ẖrwj-qnj (dual)
ẖrjw-qnj (plural)
ẖrw-qnj (plural)

ẖrj (“being under, carrying”) + qnj (“bundle”).


wḏt

wḏt (singular)
wḏtj (dual)
wḏwt (plural)


qꜣqꜣw

qꜣqꜣw (singular)
qꜣqꜣwwj (dual)
qꜣqꜣww (plural)


wḥmyt

wḥmyt (singular)
wḥmytj (dual)
wḥmywt (plural)

Probably from wḥm (“to repeat”) + -y + -t.

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

f-A-t-A56:a-TAw-w-ir:f-F25-m-i-i-t-A2-n&U19&nw-i-i-t-mw-i-m-f-n:t-mH:a-Z1*Z1*Z1*Z1:Z1*Z1*Z1*Z1
fꜣ.t(w) ṯꜣw jr.f wḥmyt nwyt jm.f nt ḫmnw mḥ

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 34–36

The wind was lifted again and again (literally, “lifted, it making repetition”), with a wave in it of eight cubits.


pds

p:d-s-rd-xt (canonical masculine)
pds (singular)
pdswj (dual)
pdsw (plural)

m:a-t:n:Z2-D35:t*t-nDs-m-rd-s-H_SPACE:W-xt-s-m-nb:t-A-t:p-A9-xt-!-gm-m-H-t:D6-Hr-Z1-s-m-mw-m-nb:t-anx-Z1-N34
m.tn jwtt {m} pdsw.s m nbt ꜣtp gmḥt ḥr.s m mw m nbt ꜥnḫ

c. 1295 BCE – 1186 BCE, The Admonitions of Ipuwer (pLeiden I 344 Recto) line 8.5

Look, she who had no box is the owner of a chest; she who observed her face in the water is the owner of a mirror.


nwyt

nwyt (singular)
nwytj (dual)
nwywt (plural)

c. 2000–1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115), lines 34–36


šmꜥw

šmꜥw (singular)
šmꜥwwj (dual)
šmꜥww (plural)


šms wḏꜣ

/ʃɛmɛs wɛd͡ʒɑ/


sqbbwj

sqqbwj (singular)
sqqbwjwj (dual)
sqqbwjw (plural)

sqbb (“to make cool, to refresh”) + -w + -j.

A room of some kind found in luxurious houses. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

r:a-k-w-A1-r:pr-sw-t:n-zA-A1-A50-s-s-Y1:Z2-i-m-f-!-s-q:b-b-W-y-wab-mw-pr-i-m-f:a:X-m-N33C*Z2ss:nw*Z1-Axt-t:pr
rdj.kw r pr zꜣ-nswt špssw jm.f sqbbwj jm.f ꜥẖmw nw ꜣḫt […]

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) line 286–287

I was put in a prince’s house with finery in it, a room of refreshment in it, and cultic images of the Akhet, […]


tpt

tpt (singular)
tptj (dual)
tpwt (plural)

Nominalized from the feminine of tpj (“first”), thus from tp (“atop”) + -t (feminine nisba ending).


ḥnkyt

ḥnkyt (singular)
ḥnkytj (dual)
ḥnkywt (plural)


bnš

b-n:S-xt (canonical masculine)
bnš (singular)
bnšwj (dual)
bnšw (plural)


ntj jm

n:t*y-i-m (canonical masculine plural)
ntj jm (singular)
ntjwj jm (dual)
ntjw jm (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ (etemmau)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲧⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ (etm̄mau)

From ntj (“(one) who is”) + jm (“therein”).

Dr:r-tyw-Z2ss:H_SPACE-m-T:H-w-bH:Z2-U3-z:n:Z2-sw-w-n:t-tyw-Z2ss:H_SPACE-i-m-A51-Z3-Hr:Z1-n:r:nr-D40:n:f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 6–7

The ancestors are in joy when they see him, and the dead are in awe of him.

(chiefly in the plural, euphemistic) the dead


ḏꜣtt

DA-t*t:qn (canonical feminine)
ḏꜣtt (singular)
ḏꜣttj (dual)
ḏꜣtwt (plural)


jnḥ

jnḥ (singular)
jnḥwj (dual)
jnḥw (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲛϩ (enh), ⲛϩ (nh)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲛϩ (enh), ⲛϩ (nh)


bjꜣ n pt

Demotic: bnpy

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲃⲁⲛⲓⲡⲉ (banipe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲉⲛⲓⲡⲓ (benipi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲃⲉⲛⲓⲡⲓ (benipi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲃⲉⲛⲓⲡⲉ (benipe)

bjꜣ (“metal”) + n(j) (“of”) + pt (“sky”), thus ‘metal of the sky’.


mḥtjw

Nominalized plural of mḥtj (“northern”).


sšpt

Demotic: špj, šwbj

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲱⲡⲓ (šōpi)

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲱⲡⲉ (šōpe)

k\-A-w-N33C:Z2-i-m-H-n:a-n:q-w:*t-N33C:Z2-O43-p:t-N33C:Z2-mi-i-ir-t-s
kꜣw jm ḥnꜥ nq(ꜥ)wt sšpt mj jr.t(w).s

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 49–50

Unripe sycamore figs were there along with ripe ones, and muskmelons as if cultivated.

(collective) melon(s), possibly muskmelon(s) or cucumber(s)


tꜣ-nṯr

tꜣ (“land”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘god’s land’.


snṯr

Demotic: sntr

Coptic:

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲟⲛϯ (sonti)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲁⲛⲧⲉ (sante)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲟⲛⲧⲉ (sonte)

→ Ge'ez: ሰንተው (säntäw)


ḥwꜥ

H-w-a- (canonical masculine)
ḥwꜥ (singular)
ḥwꜥwj (dual)
ḥwꜥw (plural)


nht

nht (singular)
nhtj (dual)
nhwt (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϩⲉ (nouhe)


jšdt

jšdt (singular)
jšdtj (dual)
jšdwt (plural)


gꜣbt

gꜣbt (singular)
gꜣbtj (dual)
gꜣbwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲱⲃⲓ (čōbi)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲱⲱⲃⲉ (cōōbe), ϭⲱⲃⲉ (cōbe)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϭⲱⲃⲓ (cōbi)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϭⲱⲃⲉ (cōbe)

Akhmimic Coptic: ϭⲱⲃⲉ (cōbe)


wꜣb

wA-A-b-Hn (canonical masculine)
wꜣb (singular)
wꜣbwj (dual)
wꜣbw (plural)

(by extension) the place where a body part is attached, such as the root of a tooth or the socket of an eye


mnyt

mn:n-i-i-t:xt (canonical feminine)
mnyt (singular)
mnytj (dual)
mnywt (plural)

(figuratively) the ‘root’ of a disease, which kills one


qqtj

Bohairic Coptic: ⲕⲟⲩⲕⲓ (kouki)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲕⲟⲩⲕⲉ (kouke)

tree bark, used in the preparation of kyphi


ḥꜣw-nbwt

(plural only) islanders, particularly of the Aegean


ṯꜣy

ṯꜣy (singular)
ṯꜣywj (dual)
ṯꜣyw (plural)


dgm

dgm (singular)
dgmwj (dual)
dgmw (plural)

Demotic: tgm

⇒ Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲓⲥⲙⲓⲥ (čismis)

⇒ Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲏϭⲙⲉⲥ (tēcmes)


jmj-rn.f

jmj-rn.f (singular)
jmjwj-rn.f (dual)
jmwj-rn.f (dual)
jmjw-rn.f (plural)
jmw-rn.f (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + rn (“name”) + .f (“his”), a ‘reverse nisba’ construction meaning ‘the one in which his name is’.


msdw

msdw (singular)
msdwwj (dual)
msdww (plural)


jdb

jdb (singular)
jdbwj (dual)
jdbw (plural)

[&-mn:n-Ba16a-i-i-T:n-N33A:n-i-d-b-N21-S:t*U30-A-Y2
⟨mjn⟩y.ṯn n jdb štꜣ

c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 6


ḥmww

ḥmww (singular)
ḥmwwwj (dual)
ḥmwww (plural)


sḏt

sḏt (singular)
sḏtj (dual)
sḏwt (plural)


zj n sḏt

zj (“to go”) + n(j) (“of”) + sḏt (“fire”), thus perhaps literally ‘go-away of fire’. Some authors identify the first element with zbj (“to go, to lead”) rather than with zj or simply conflate the two verbs entirely.

Sd:d-t:a-A1-U29-A-Z9:xt-s-xpr-r:n-A1-x-t-Q7-ir:n-A1-O35:nDs-n:Z9*t-Q7-n-nTr-Z1:Z2ss
šdt.j ḏꜣ sḫpr.n.j ḫt jr.n.j z(b)j-n-sḏt n nṯrw

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 54–56

I took a fire-stick, I made a fire, and I made a burnt offering to the gods.


šwꜣw

šwꜣw (singular)
šwꜣwwj (dual)
šwꜣww (plural)


wbꜣyt

wbꜣyt (singular)
wbꜣytj (dual)
wbꜣywt (plural)

(female) butler or cupbearer; maidservant


mwt-mwt

mwt-mwt -t:H_SPACE (canonical feminine)
mwt-mwt (singular)
mwtj-mwt (dual)
mwwt-mwt (plural)

mwt (“mother”) + mwt (“mother”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘mother of the mother’.


ḥꜣt-ꜥ

ḥꜣt (“front, beginning”) + ꜥ (“arm, part”) in a direct genitive construction.


sdm

sdm (singular)
sdmwj (dual)
sdmw (plural)

Demotic: stem, stm

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲥⲑⲏⲙ (esthēm)

desctree

→ Arabic: إثمد (ʾiṯmid)
→ Latin: antimonium
→ English: antimony

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲧⲏⲙ (stēm)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: στίμμι (stímmi), στίβι (stíbi)

→ Latin: stibium

→ English: stibium, stibnite

(uncommon) makeup, especially for the eyelids; eyepaint


gs-tp

→ Ancient Greek: ἡμικρανία (hēmikranía) (calque)

Greek: ημικρανία (imikranía)

→ Latin: hemicrania

Old French: migraigne

→ Middle English: megrim

English: migraine

English: megrim

French: migraine

gs (“half, side”) + tp (“head”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘half of the head’ or ‘side of the head’.

k:t-n:t-U23-m:r-t:nDs:Z2-m-Aa16-Z1-tp-Z1-!-D:n-n:t-tp-n:t-n:a-r:K5-z:n-U19:nw*W-x-Q7-Hr-Z1-U7:r-H-t-W22:Z2ss-!-gs:z-A24-tp-Z1-i-m-r:ra-Z1-Z1-Z1-Z1

c. 1550 BCE, Ebers Papyrus, lines 47.14–47.15 (Eb 250)

Another [remedy] for pain in a migraine: the skull of a catfish, boiled in oil/fat. Anoint the head in it over the course of four days.

kt nt mrt m gs-tp ḏnnt nt nꜥr snwḫ ḥr mrḥt gs tp jm r jfdw hrw


ꜣbḫt

A type of liquid used medicinally. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


jꜣbj

Perhaps related to jb (“heart”). Suffixed with -j (nisba ending).


jw.f ꜥꜣ.f

/iuːʔɛf ɑːʔɑʔɛf/

jw (“comes”) + .f (“he”) + ꜥꜣ (“becomes great”) + .f (“he”), a reciprocal sentence, literally ‘no sooner does he come than he becomes great’.

af

man on the rise, someone quickly becoming important


j.zj ḥꜣq

j.zj (imperative of zj (“go”)) + ḥꜣq (“plunder”, imperative), thus literally ‘go and plunder’.

imperative of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">zj</i> (“go”)


jwyt

jwyt (singular)
jwytj (dual)
jwywt (plural)

(in the plural) streets, public places collectively


jwyt

I am free of wrongdoing. (literally, “There is no wrongdoing of mine.”)

m-E9:t-w ― m jw(y)t ― through wrongdoing; wrongfully

aq-q:D54-n:E9-w-t-nDs:Z2 ― ꜥq n jw(y)t ― to fall into wrongdoing

E9-w-i-i-t:nDs-O35:nDs-s-y:E9-w-r:ww-D54-tA:m-Htp:Z2-Xr:r-nb:Z1:f
jwyt zb(.w) sjw(w) rw.w tꜣ m ḥtpw ẖr nb.f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 23

Wrongdoing has gone, the Slanderer has departed, and the land is in peace under its lord.


jwtt

jwtt (singular)
jwttj (dual)
jwtwt (plural)

Nominalized from the feminine of jwtj (negative relative adjective).

the nonexistent; that which doesn’t exist


jwtt ntt

Alternative form of ntt jwtt (“everything imaginable”)


jwdnb

a:A1-ini-n:t-n:k\-i-b-E8-i-N33C:Z2ss-H-k\:n-nw-W-N33C:Z2ss-D54-w-d:n-b-N33C:Z2ss-X:z-A-i-i-t-N33C:Z2ss-!-sn-n:t-r-tr-N33C:Z2ss-n-Aa16*Z1:Z2-pr-Z2ss-s-Htp:t-p-w-Y2-nTr-Z1-nb-i-m-f
dj.j jn.t(w) n.k jbj ḥknw jwdnb ẖsꜣyt sntr n(j) gsw prw sḥtpw nṯr nb jm.f

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 140–142

I will have them bring you labdanum, ḥknw-oil, jwdnb-incense, cassia, and the incense of the temple storerooms, with which every god is made content.


ṯwfj

Demotic: ḏwf

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲟⲟⲩϥ (čoouf)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ϭⲟⲛϥ (conf), ϭⲟⲙϥ (comf)

→ Hebrew: סוּף

(Late Egyptian, uncountable) papyrus plant(s)

(Late Egyptian, uncountable) area where papyrus grows; papyrus marsh


qꜥḥ

qꜥḥ (singular)
qꜥḥwj (dual)
qꜥḥw (plural)


ẖrt-ꜥ

head

<hiero>Xr:r:t-</hiero>

 <hiero>a</hiero>

Xr:r:t- a (canonical feminine)
ẖrt-ꜥ (singular)
ẖrtj-ꜥ (dual)
ẖrwt-ꜥ (plural)

ẖrt (“(thing) being under”) + ꜥ (“arm”).

small wooden box used to hold scrolls and scribal implements


nꜣḏꜣrw

nꜣḏꜣrw (singular)
nꜣḏꜣrwwj (dual)
nꜣḏꜣrww (plural)


sꜣrꜣqw

Borrowed from Semitic, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ṯalg-; compare Hebrew שֶׁלֶג (šéleḡ), Akkadian 𒊭𒆷𒄖 (šalgu).


ꜥnb

a:n-b-Hn (canonical masculine)
ꜥnb (singular)
ꜥnbwj (dual)
ꜥnbw (plural)

Old Coptic: ἀνουφί

Perhaps a noun of instrument from the verb ꜥnb (“to close, to twine around”), as proposed by Osing; however, the meaning of this verb is not entirely clear.

Egyptian halfa grass, salt reedgrass (Desmostachya bipinnata)


nwḥ

nwḥ (singular)
nwḥwj (dual)
nwḥw (plural)

Demotic: nwḥ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲟϩ (noh)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϩ (nouh)


mẖtw

guts, entrails, especially the intestines


ḫḫ

Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲁϧ (xax)

x:r-A15:n-i-b-E8-t-A2-A-s-V2:D54-n:f-w-!-n:t-b-Z6-k\-w-A1-x:x-F11-A1-x-m-w-P5
ḫr.n jbt ꜣs.n.f w(j) ntb.kw ḫḫ.j ḫm.w

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 21–22

Thirst fell and overtook me so that I was parched and my throat was like dust.


ḫbzt

x-b-z:t-sd (canonical feminine)
ḫbzt (singular)
ḫbztj (dual)
ḫbzwt (plural)


nḥḏt

n:nH*H-D:t-bH (canonical feminine)
nḥḏt (singular)
nḥḏtj (dual)
nḥḏwt (plural)

Coptic:

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲁϫϩⲉ (načhe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲁϫϩⲓ (načhi)


kꜣm

kꜣm (singular)
kꜣmwj (dual)
kꜣmw (plural)

Demotic: kꜣm

Coptic: ϭⲱⲙ (cōm)

→ Arabic: كَرْم (karm)

→ Aramaic: כַּרְמָא (karmā)

→ Hebrew: כֶּרֶם (kérem)

→ Ugaritic: 𐎋𐎗𐎎 (krm)

From an earlier form kꜣnw before undergoing a sound change that caused the coalescence of the two final consonants into m.


jwn

jwn (singular)
jwnwj (dual)
jwnw (plural)

Demotic: jwn

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲟⲩⲉⲛ (eouen)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲟⲩⲁⲛ (aouan)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲟⲩⲏⲛ (aouēn), ⲁⲩⲁⲛ (auan)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲩⲁⲛ (auan), ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲛ (auein)

Perhaps from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *lwn-; compare Arabic لَوْن (lawn, “color, type”), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎐 (ản, “pigment”).


jwn

iwn (canonical masculine)
jwn (singular)
jwnwj (dual)
jwnw (plural)

one of the mythical pillars seen as holding up the sky

(figuratively) person upon whom someone or something else depends; crucial supporter, maintainer, sustainer, succorer


jwn

‘the Pillar’, ‘the Succorer’ as an epithet for gods, in the Greco-Roman Period especially for Osiris


jwn

air or wind, seen as a support holding up the sky


jdmj

i-d-mi- (canonical masculine)
jdmj (singular)
jdmjwj (dual)
jdmjw (plural)

desctree

→ Hebrew: אֵטוּן (ʾēṭūn)
→ Ancient Greek: ὀθόνη (othónē) (or via another Semitic language)
Greek: οθόνη (othóni)

<-p-p-i-i->-p-w-wa:Z1-m-f:d:Z1*Z1*Z1*Z1-i-p-w-R8A-ms-w-gb-b-
-x:n:z-i-w-D54-Sma-x:n:z-i-w-D54-tA-HASH-HASH-a-aHa-a-w-Hr-D:a-m-wAs-wAs-wAs-s-n-
-wr:r-H-w-W2-HAt-t:t-W2-M42-n:x-w-S28-m-i--d--

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume V, Providence: Brown University, PT 576.24–576.27 (Pyr. 1510a–1511b), P

ppy pw wꜥ m (j)fd(w) jpw nṯrw msw gbb ḫnzjw šmꜥ ḫnzjw tꜣ [mḥw] ꜥḥꜥw ḥr ḏꜥmw.sn wrḥw ḥꜣtt wnḫw m jdmj ꜥnḫyw m dꜣb zwrjw jrp

wD-w-Hm-f-q:r-s-T20-Q6-f-
-r-di-n:f-q-s-T20-t:Q6-m-O2-O2-
-d-mi-G7-
-aA-A-wr:r:t-
-nTr--sn--T:N33A
wḏ ḥm.f qrs.f rḏj n.f qrst m prwj-ḥḏ (j)dmj ꜥꜣ wrt [s]nṯr

6th Dynasty, Giza, Western Cemetery, Shaft G 2188 Y, Block of sunk relief inscription mentioning the dog Abutiu (35-10-22/Cairo JE 67573), lines 3–6

His Majesty commanded that he be buried, that he be given a burial from the two treasuries and very much fine linen and incense.


gstj

gs:t-ti-i-xt (canonical masculine)
gstj (singular)
gstjwj (dual)
gstjw (plural)

Demotic: gst

Coptic: ϭⲁⲥⲧ (cast), ϭⲟⲥⲧ (cost)

→? Hebrew: קֶסֶת


ḥrj-pḏt

ḥrj-pḏt (singular)
ḥrjwj-pḏt (dual)
ḥrjw-pḏt (plural)

/ħəɾəjˈpiːtʼa/

/ħəɾəjˈpiːtʼə/

/ħəɾəjˈpiːtʼa/

/ħəɾəjˈpiːtʼə/

ḥrj (“being above”) + pḏt (“bow (weapon)”), thus ‘(the one) over the bow’.

af

a high military rank; overseer of the troop


sḥḏw

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲉϩⲧ (seht)

(medicine) a bright discoloration as a symptom of disease or injury, including leucomas and burn wounds


grgt

grgt (singular)
grgtj (dual)
grgwt (plural)

Demotic: grgt

Bohairic Coptic: ϭⲣⲏϫⲓ (crēči)

Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲣⲏϭⲉ (crēce)

/kʼəˈɾuːkʼa/

/kʼəˈɾeːkʼə/

/kʼəˈɾuːkʼa/

/kʼəˈɾeːkʼə/

grg (“to establish, to equip”) + -t. For the specific meaning, compare grg pr (“to found a household, to get married”).


ṯrt

ṯrt (singular)
ṯrtj (dual)
ṯrwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲑⲱⲣⲓ (thōri)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲣⲉ (tōre)


ḏmꜥ

ḏmꜥ (singular)
ḏmꜥwj (dual)
ḏmꜥw (plural)

Demotic: ḏmꜥ

Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲱⲙ (čōm)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ (čōōme)

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ (čōōme)

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːmiʕ/

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːməʕ/

/ˈt͡ʃʼoːməʕ/

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːmiʕ/

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːməʕ/

/ˈt͡ʃʼoːməʕ/


ḫꜣrw

ḫꜣrw (singular)
ḫꜣrwwj (dual)
ḫꜣrww (plural)

Demotic: ẖl

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲉⲗ (xel)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲉⲗ (hel)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲁⲗ (hal)


zjnw

zjnw (singular)
zjnwwj (dual)
zjnww (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲉⲉⲓⲛⲉ (seeine)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲏⲓⲛⲓ (sēini)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲏⲓⲛⲓ (sēini), ⲥⲏⲉⲛ (sēen), ⲥⲏⲓⲛ (sēin)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲥⲉⲓⲛⲉ (seine)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲁⲉⲓⲛ (saein), ⲥⲁⲓⲛⲉ (saine)


ẖn

wn-n:O31-a-Xn:n-S28-n-g-r-w-A2-A1-!-w-z:x-W10-Y1-st-t-pr-n:t-h-r-Y1-A1-m-md-d-w-w-A2

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.1–1.2

The tent is open to the quiet man; the place of the man calm in speech is broad.


nkt

nkt (singular)
nktwj (dual)
nktw (plural)

Demotic:  (nkt)

Coptic: ⲛⲕⲁ (nka)


kꜣmw

kꜣmw (singular)
kꜣmwwj (dual)
kꜣmww (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ϭⲙⲉ (cme), ϭⲙⲏ (cmē)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϭⲓⲙⲏ (cimē)

Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲙⲉ (cme), ϭⲙⲏ (cmē)


ḥṯṯt

ḥṯṯt (singular)
ḥṯṯtj (dual)
ḥṯṯwt (plural)

Coptic:

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁϭⲟ (aco)

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲟ (čo)

/hɛt͡ʃɛt͡ʃɛt/


dmꜣt

dmꜣt (singular)
dmꜣtj (dual)
dmꜣwt (plural)


ḥtj

ḥtj (singular)
ḥtjwj (dual)
ḥtjw (plural)


sjm

sjm (singular)
sjmwj (dual)
sjmw (plural)


šꜥy

Akhmimic Coptic: ϣⲟⲩ (šou), ϣⲟⲩⲟⲩ (šouou), ϣⲱ (šō)

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲱ (šō)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲱ (šō)

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲱ (šō)


mjzt

mjzt (singular)
mjztj (dual)
mjzwt (plural)

Demotic: mws

Old Coptic: ⲙⲁⲟⲩⲥⲉ (maouse)

r:D36-x:r-k-Z11-A2-s-mi-i-s-t:F51*Z1-n:t-aA:a-E7-wAD-D:t-Y1

c. 1800 BCE, Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus (UC 32057), page 1, line 5

You should have her eat a fresh ass liver.


ḥqꜣ-ḫꜣst

ḥqꜣ-ḫꜣst (singular)
ḥqꜣwj-ḫꜣst (dual)
ḥqꜣw-ḫꜣst (plural)

→ Ancient Greek: Ὑκσώς (Huksṓs), Ὑξώς (Huxṓs)

→ English: Hyksos

ḥqꜣ (“ruler”) + ḫꜣst (“foreign land”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘ruler of a foreign land’.


psšt

psšt (singular)
psštj (dual)
psšwt (plural)

Demotic: pšt

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲡⲉϣⲉ (peše)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲫⲁϣⲓ (phaši)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲡⲉϣⲓ (peši)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲁϣⲉ (paše)

From psš (“to divide, to share out”) + -t (feminine suffix).

suffix

apportionment, distribution, sharing out


sfsf

Apparently a development of earlier ssf.


ꜣbyt

ꜣbyt (singular)
ꜣbytj (dual)
ꜣbywt (plural)

Demotic: ꜣby, bꜣ

desc

→ Ancient Greek: -αβως (-abōs), -εβως (-ebōs)

ꜣby (“leopard or cheetah, panther”) + -t (feminine ending).

af

a (female) lithe spotted big cat, including both leopards and cheetahs; female ‘panther’


ꜣby-šmꜥ

ꜣby-šmꜥ (singular)
ꜣbywj-šmꜥ (dual)
ꜣbyw-šmꜥ (plural)

/ɑbiː ʃɛmɑː/

ꜣby (“lithe spotted big cat”) + šmꜥ (“Upper Egypt”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘panther of Upper Egypt’.

Panthera pardus
Panthera pardus#Translingual

leopard, Panthera pardus, usually as a simile for bloodlust or fury


ꜣby-mḥw

ꜣby-mḥw (singular)
ꜣbywj-mḥw (dual)
ꜣbyw-mḥw (plural)

From ꜣby (“lithe spotted big cat”) + mḥw (“Lower Egypt”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘panther of Lower Egypt’.

Acinonyx jubatus
Acinonyx jubatus#Translingual


ꜣbw-nṯr

From ꜣbwt (“appearance, form”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘form of the god’. However, the full form *ꜣbwt-nṯr is unattested, as the word-final t had fallen silent and was often left unwritten by the time of this term’s earliest attestation. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

egy-ht

a type of cloth that serves as a cultic object or relic, sometimes associated with Horus and seen as having protective and mortuary functions


mḥw

mḥw (singular)
mḥwwj (dual)
mḥww (plural)


mḥw

Alternative form of mḥꜥw (“flax, linen”)


ꜣbnjnj

ꜣbnjnj (singular)
ꜣbnjnjwj (dual)
ꜣbnjnjw (plural)


psḏ

psḏ (singular)
psḏwj (dual)
psḏw (plural)


qjs

qjs (singular)
qjswj (dual)
qjsw (plural)

Compare qꜣꜥ (“to vomit”), Oromo hooqqisuu, hooqqisiisuu (“to vomit”).


ḫntj-š

xnt-t:S (canonical masculine)
ḫntj-š (singular)
ḫntjwj-š (dual)
ḫntjw-š (plural)

ḫntj (“foremost”) + š (“district, garden”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘foremost of the district/garden’.

af

Late 5th Dynasty, Striding Statue of Minnefer (Cleveland 1948.420), inscription on base

Supervisor of palace attendants Minnefer

a title, conventionally rendered ‘land-tenant’ or ‘attendant’


ḫntj-š

ḫntj-š (singular)
ḫntjwj-š (dual)
ḫntjw-š (plural)


ḥnt

ḥnt (singular)
ḥntj (dual)
ḥnwt (plural)

(Late Egyptian) a bucket or basin to hold papyrus


sṯzw

Likely shortened from sṯzw-šw (“the raisings/props of Shu”), from sṯzj (“to raise, lift up”).


ꜣmꜥ

ꜣmꜥ (singular)
ꜣmꜥwj (dual)
ꜣmꜥw (plural)


ꜣmꜥt

ꜣmꜥt (singular)
ꜣmꜥtj (dual)
ꜣmꜥwt (plural)

From ꜣmꜥ (“perching bird”) + -t, so named because its attachment to the temporal bone was reminiscent of the claw of the ꜣmꜥ-bird grabbing something, as described in the Edwin Smith Papyrus 8.14–8.15.


ꜣmmt

ꜣmmt (singular)
ꜣmmtj (dual)
ꜣmmwt (plural)


ꜣmmw

Likely from ꜣmm (“to grasp, to clench”) + -w.

D:d-x:r-k:r-s-A-m-m-w-a:Z2-p--w--n--N41:t--F45
ḏd.ḫr.k r.s ꜣmmw p[w] n(j) jdt

c. 1800 BCE, Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus (UC 32057), page 2, line 6

You should say regarding that: ‘It is gripings of the uterus.’


ꜣms

ꜣms (singular)
ꜣmswj (dual)
ꜣmsw (plural)

From ꜣm (“is grasped”) + .s (“she, it”) or ꜣm (“is grasped”) + sj (“she, it”), thus literally ‘it is grasped’.

a type of club or mace, the ames-sceptre, used as a weapon by the king and the gods


ꜣms

Alternative form of jwms (“exaggeration, nonsense”)


j.ḫm-wrḏ

j.ḫm-wrḏ (singular)
j.ḫmwj-wrḏ (dual)
j.ḫmw-wrḏ (plural)

j.ḫm (“not knowing”, imperfective active participle of ḫm) + wrḏ (“to be(come) weary”), thus literally ‘(one) not knowing wearying’, because noncircumpolar stars circle in long paths without end.

nb:h-n:nw*w-m-pt:rsw*t*Z1-dwA-ww-m-pt:mH:t:t-
-i-w-x:H_SPACE-m-D35:Z2-s-sk:k-sbA:Z2ss-Xr:r-st-Hr*Z1:f-st-t*pr:Z2:f-p-w-i-w-x:H_SPACE-m-A7:Z2

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 5–6

Possessor of acclaim in the southern sky, worshipped in the northern sky, the circumpolar stars are under his care, and the unwearying stars are his residences.

noncircumpolar star; a star that rises and sets over the course of a day


jbꜣ

jbꜣ (singular)
jbꜣwj (dual)
jbꜣw (plural)

(Late Egyptian) entertainment in general


jmj-ḫnt

imi-xnt (canonical masculine)
jmj-ḫnt (singular)
jmjwj-ḫnt (dual)
jmwj-ḫnt (dual)
jmjw-ḫnt (plural)
jmw-ḫnt (plural)

From jmj (“(one) being in”) + ḫnt (“fore, forecourt”), literally “(one who) is in the forecourt (of the palace)”.

an official title: ‘chamberlain’: a priest responsible for the crown and ornaments of the king and for his ceremonial dressing and undressing


jbt

Demotic: ꜣby, ꜣby.t

m&t-A14A-n-i-b-E8-t:N35B ― m(w)t n jbt ― to die of thirst


jzftj

i-z:f-t:y-nDs (canonical masculine)
jzftj (singular)
jzftjwj (dual)
jzftjw (plural)

jzft (“wrong, falsehood, evil”) + -j (nisba ending).


wrs

wrs (singular)
wrswj (dual)
wrsw (plural)

headrest for sleeping on one’s side, typically made of wood or alabaster


wḥmt

wḥmt (singular)
wḥmtj (dual)
wḥmwt (plural)


mnwt

mn:nw*t (canonical feminine)
mnwt (singular)
mnwtj (dual)
mnwwt (plural)

mn:nw*t-xA-xA

Early 6th Dynasty, Tomb of Nyankhnesut, Relief of Men Bringing Birds and Cattle (Cleveland 1930.738), caption above pigeon


qrrt

qrrt (singular)
qrrtj (dual)
qrwt (plural)
qrrwt (plural)


dꜣb

d-A-b- (canonical masculine)
dꜣb (singular)
dꜣbwj (dual)
dꜣbw (plural)

From Proto-Afroasiatic. Compare Akkadian dilbu (“platane, plane tree”), and Hebrew דולב (dolev, “plane tree”).

gm-m-n:A1-d-A-b-M43-N33C:Z2-i-A-r:*r-t:D5-N33C:Z2-i-m-i-A-q-t-Hn-Z3A-nb:t-A51-s-t-Y2

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 47–48

I found figs and grapes there, and splendid vegetables of all kinds.


njw

njw (singular)
njwwj (dual)
njww (plural)


ḏsrt

a strong ale with an anise flavor which gains a milky appearance when enough water is added to it


bꜣgsw

bꜣgsw (singular)
bꜣgswwj (dual)
bꜣgsww (plural)


qbḥw

qbḥw (singular)
qbḥwwj (dual)
qbḥww (plural)

qbḥ (“to refresh, to cool, to make a libation”) + -w.

(often treated as a plural) a libation of water


bwtj

bwtj (singular)
bwtjwj (dual)
bwtjw (plural)

Nominalized from bwt (“abomination”) + -j (nisba ending).


jꜥw-r

jꜥw-r (singular)
jꜥwwj-r (dual)
jꜥww-r (plural)

jꜥw (“washing”, from jꜥj (“to wash”)) + r (“mouth”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘washing of the mouth’.

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jꜥj</i> (“to wash”)


sṯ

smell, scent, odor (pleasant or unpleasant)


rrj

rrj (singular)
rrjwj (dual)
rrjw (plural)

Demotic: ryr

Coptic: ⲣⲓⲣ (rir)

Onomatopoeic, from the pig’s roaring or grunting.


nbt-pr

nbt-pr (singular)
nbtj-pr (dual)
nbwt-pr (plural)

nbt (“lady”) + pr (“house”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘lady of the house’.

a title, one of the few commonly held by women: a woman who manages a household estate; conventionally rendered as ‘mistress (or ‘lady’) of the house’

(in the plural) noble women collectively


rnpwt

Coptic: ⲉⲣⲡⲱ (erpō)

(uncountable) fresh plants and fruits collectively


nnšm

nnšm (singular)
nnšmwj (dual)
nnšmw (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲉⲓϣ (noeiš)


ḏbꜣt

DbA-b-t:pr (canonical feminine)
ḏbꜣt (singular)
ḏbꜣtj (dual)
ḏbꜣwt (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲉⲉⲃⲉ (teebe)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲁⲓⲃⲓ (taibi), ⲧⲱⲃⲓ (tōbi), ⲑⲏⲃⲓ (thēbi), ⲑⲉⲃⲓ (thebi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲉⲃⲉ (tebe)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃⲉ (tōbe)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲁⲓⲃⲉ (taibe), ⲧⲏⲏⲃⲉ (tēēbe), ⲧⲏⲃⲉ (tēbe), ⲧⲉⲃⲓ (tebi)

specifically, the stone outer sarcophagus (in contrast to the inner sarcophagus)


wḫdw

(medicine) an agent of decay and disease seen as originating in the fecal matter of the bowels, spreading to other body parts through the blood vessels, and forming abscesses there and manifesting as pus in the living, while manifesting as decomposition in the dead


tḫn

tḫn (singular)
tḫnwj (dual)
tḫnw (plural)


šfdw

šfdw (singular)
šfdwwj (dual)
šfdww (plural)

Dr-r:n-D&d-n:f-H_SPACE:n-s-n:Z2-i-r-n:t**t-nb:t-m-zS-Y1-Hr-Z1-p-G41-A-S-f:d-w-arq-!-sDm-m-s-t-mi-i-D&d-A1-s-t-m-z:n-X4-Y1-HA-A-Y1:Z2-Hr-Z1-SA-A-A-t-Y1:Z2
ḏr.n ḏd.n.f n.sn jr ntt nbt m zẖꜣ ḥr pꜣ šfdw sḏm st mj ḏd.j st (j)m zn ḥꜣw ḥr šꜣꜣt

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.4–2.5

In the end he said to them: As for everything in the writing on this scroll, heed it as I say it; don’t exceed what has been set down.


mswt

ms-w-t (canonical feminine)
mswt (singular)
mswtj (dual)
mswwt (plural)


ꜣsḫ

ꜣsḫ (singular)
ꜣsḫwj (dual)
ꜣsḫw (plural)


bgs

bgs (singular)
bgswj (dual)
bgsw (plural)


ḏbt

ḏbt (singular)
ḏbtwj (dual)
ḏbtw (plural)

Demotic:  (tb)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃⲓ (tōbi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲃⲉ (tōbe), ⲧⲱⲱⲃⲉ (tōōbe)

desctree

→ Arabic: طُوب (ṭūb)
Egyptian Arabic: طوب (ṭūb), طوبة (ṭūba)
Juba Arabic: tub
Moroccan Arabic: طوب (ṭūb), طوبة (ṭūba)
→ Amharic: ጡብ (ṭub), እጡብ (ʾəṭub)
→ Catalan: tova
→ French: toub
→ Portuguese: adobe
→ Spanish: adobe
→ Aragonese: adoba
→ Asturian: adobe
→ Basque: adobe
→ Dutch: adobe
→ English: adobe
→ Esperanto: adobo
→ French: adobe
→ Galician: adobe
→ Irish: adóib
→ Italian: adobe
→ Norwegian: adobe
→ Serbo-Croatian: adobe / адобе
→ Tagalog: adobe


ꜥẖm

ꜥẖm (singular)
ꜥẖmwj (dual)
ꜥẖmw (plural)

Demotic: ꜥẖm

Coptic: ⲁϧⲱⲙ (axōm)

(originally) cultic image of a perching falcon

body of a god (as opposed to the god’s ba)


ꜥmꜥt

Demotic: ꜥm

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲙⲓ (omi)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲙⲉ (ome), ⲟⲟⲙⲉ (oome), ⲁⲙⲉ (ame)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲁⲙⲉ (ame)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲁⲙⲉ (aame), ⲁⲙⲉ (ame)


mnty

mnty (singular)
mntywj (dual)
mntyw (plural)

Demotic: mnṱ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲙⲛⲟⲩϯ (emnouti)


bꜣt

b-bA-A-t:Hn (canonical feminine)
bꜣt (singular)
bꜣtj (dual)
bꜣwt (plural)

Demotic: b

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲃⲟⲩ (bou)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲱ (bō)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲃⲱ (bō)


ršrš

r:S-r:S-fnD (canonical masculine)
ršrš (singular)
ršršwj (dual)
ršršw (plural)


jky

jky (singular)
jkywj (dual)
jkyw (plural)


jtrt

i-t:r:t (canonical feminine)
jtrt (singular)
jtrtj (dual)
jtrwt (plural)

Possibly related to jtrw (“river”), with a basic meaning of ‘line, row’.

(usually in the dual) row (of people, shrines, shrubs, etc.)


ꜥftj

a:f-t:y (canonical masculine)
ꜥftj (singular)
ꜥftjwj (dual)
ꜥftjw (plural)


ẖkr

ẖkr (singular)
ẖkrwj (dual)
ẖkrw (plural)


ꜥrrwt

ꜥrrwt (singular)
ꜥrrwtj (dual)
ꜥrrwyt (plural)

a-aHa-a-i-n-Hm-Z1:n-nTr-Z1-p:n-m-xt:x:t-Htp:t:p-f:r-a:r:r-t:pr-t:n-
-V25-md-Y2:N33A:n-M22-M22-nTr-Z1:N33A-imi-w-N33A:z-
-wn:n-O31:a-N33A:n-A1-sbA-w-pr:N33A-T:n:N33A-
-z:n-S:O31-a:N33A-n:A1-a:r:r-w-i-i-t:pr:N33A-T:n:N33A
ꜥḥꜥ jn ḥm n(j) nṯr pn m ḫt ḥtp.f r ꜥrr(w)t tn
wḏ mdw n nn nṯrw jm(j)w.s
wn n.j sbꜣw.ṯn

c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 1

Halting by the majesty of this god (Ra) after he comes to rest at this gateway.
Commanding to these gods who are in it:
Open your doors to me!
Unstop your gates for me!


mskꜣ

mskꜣ (singular)
mskꜣwj (dual)
mskꜣw (plural)

Possibly from a Proto-Afroasiatic *masak-. Compare Proto-Semitic *mašk- and Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⴽⵙⵓⵎ (aksum).


nꜥrt

nꜥrt (singular)
nꜥrtj (dual)
nꜥrwt (plural)

A51-s-s-kA:Z1-p-w-xnt-Dd-Dd--…--
-Htp:m-sw-Xrd-n:n:niwt-mn:n:x*mnx-h:n:nw-w-m-n:a:r-t:M1-xpr:t-r:z:V14:t-U39-bA*Z1:f
špss kꜣ pw ḫnt(j) ḏdw […] ḥtp(.w) m nn-nswt mnḫ hnw m nꜥrt ḫpr.t(j) r sṯ(z)t bꜣ.f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 1–3

He is noble of ka, this foremost one of Busiris, […] who rests in Heracleopolis, splendid of acclaim in the naret-tree that came into being to raise up his ba


sẖt

sẖt (singular)
sẖtj (dual)
sẖwt (plural)


ḏwjw

ḏwjw (singular)
ḏwjwwj (dual)
ḏwjww (plural)

clay jug or jar, used especially for holding beer


rn nfr

r:n-nfr-f:r (canonical masculine)
rn nfr (singular)
nrwj nfrwj (dual)
rnw nfrw (plural)

common name of a person, especially a nickname

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see rn, nfr.


ḏꜣḏꜣt

ḏꜣḏꜣt (singular)
ḏꜣḏꜣtj (dual)
ḏꜣḏꜣwt (plural)

s-H-ww-Y1:n:f-DA-DA-nw:t-U5:a:t-N9*t:Z2-nTr-nb:r-Dr:r-D&z&f-nb:w*Z2ss-mAat-zmA-i-i-Y1:Z2-i-m-s-
-M:a:k-HA-i-i-w-tp:Z2ss-i-s-f:t:nDs-s-nDm-w-m-
n
t
-gb-b-r:*r:a:t-O44-t*Z1:n:nb-s-sw-i-H_SPACE:t-i-n:U5:a-t:z:n:f
sḥww n.f ḏꜣḏꜣt mꜣꜥt psḏt nb-r-ḏr ḏs.f nbw-mꜣꜥt zmꜣyw jm.s mkḥꜣyw jsft snḏmw m wsḫt nt gbb r rdjt jꜣwt n nb.s (n)syt n mꜣꜥt.s n.f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 17–18

The Tribunal of Maat was convened for him: the Ennead, the Lord of All himself, and the possessors of righteousness who were united in it, who scorn wrongdoing, sitting in the hall of Geb to give the office to its owner and the kingship to the one to whom it justly belonged.

d:r-p-W16-DA-DA-nw:t-M22-A40:Z2-p:t-H-Hwt-t:pr-kA-niwt

c. 725 BCE, Victory Stela of Piye (Cairo JE 48862), line 97

presenting an offering to the assembly (of gods) of the temple of Ptah

council, assembly, especially of magistrates; tribunal


pꜣwtj

pꜣwtj (singular)
pꜣwtjwj (dual)
pꜣwtjw (plural)

From pꜣwt (“primaeval time”) + -j (nisba ending).

af

Dd-Dd-r:n:M-r:Z1:n-t*nr:Z2-pA-t:X6:X6-n:N17:N17:t:tm-D:f:X4-kA:Z2ss-xnt-N9:t:Z2ss-nTr-Ax-Z1:H_SPACE-mn:n:x*mnx-M:M:a-Ax-Z2ss:H_SPACE
ḏd rn m r(ꜣ) n(j) rmt pꜣ(w)tj n(j) tꜣwj tm ḏf(ꜣ) kꜣw ḫnt psḏt ꜣḫ mnḫ mmj ꜣḫw

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 3–4

[…] (Osiris,) whose name endures (literally, “enduring of name”) in the mouth of people, primaeval one of the Two Lands (Egypt), complete of food and sustenance at the head of the Ennead, potent akh among the akhs.


rswt

rswt (singular)
rswtj (dual)
rswwt (plural)

Demotic: rswe, rsw, rsw.t, rswꜣ, rswj

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲣⲉⲥⲟⲩ (resou)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲣⲁⲥⲟⲩⲓ (rasoui)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲗⲉⲥⲃⲓ (lesbi)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲣⲉⲥⲟⲩⲉ (resoue)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲣⲁⲥⲟⲩ (rasou)

From rs (“to be awake”) + -wt, thus literally ‘awakening (in sleep)’.

(figuratively) something insubstantial or trivial

(only in set phrases in morning litanies) awakening


ṯztj

Tz:t*y (canonical masculine)
ṯztj (singular)
ṯztjwj (dual)
ṯztjw (plural)

ṯzt (“range of mountains or hills”) + -j (nisba ending).

imi:Z2ss-dwA:t*pr-m-z:n:fnD:N17:N21*Z1-Tz:t-tyw-Z2ss:H_SPACE-m-k:A16*Z3

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 6

Those in the afterworld kiss the earth, and those in the desert hills bow down.

one of the dead (literally ‘(inhabitant) of the (desert) hills’)


ksw

Those in the afterworld kiss the earth, and those in the desert hills bow down (lit. are in bowing).


ḏrtjw

ḏrtj (“falcon (as a god)”) + -w (plural ending).

Dr:r-tyw-Z2ss:H_SPACE-m-T:H-w-bH:Z2-U3-z:n:Z2-sw-w-n:t-tyw-Z2ss:H_SPACE-i-m-A51-Z3-Hr:Z1-n:r:nr-D40:n:f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 6–7

The ancestors are in joy when they see him, and the dead are in awe of him.


ꜣryt

A-r-i-i-t:md (canonical feminine)
ꜣryt (singular)
ꜣrytj (dual)
ꜣrywt (plural)

A-r:H_SPACE-i-i-t:md-A1-m-hb-n:M3-s-wab-t-m-S40*m:nbw:N33A
[…] ꜣryt.j m hbnj swꜥbt m ḏꜥm […]

c. 1951 BCE, Stela of Ity (British Museum, Egyptian Antiquities 586), lines 3–4

[…] and my staff in ebony decorated with electrum […]


ꜣšrt

ꜣšrt (singular)
ꜣšrtj (dual)
ꜣšrwt (plural)


ꜣhmt

jhm (“to mourn, to suffer”) + -t. The expected form *jhmt is unattested; by the time of the earliest attestation of this word, the sounds represented by ꜣ and j had already merged.


ꜣḥ

a kind of mash or dough made from grains, probably unleavened


ꜣẖꜥt

i-r-xA-A-D40:k-z:t*B1-G41-A-n:z-h-A-t:D54-x:t-Y1:Z2-mi-i-mw-
-pH-W:y-i-r:y-mi-i-z:n:f-D26:Z2-q:f-n-Q7-D:d-x:r-k-r:z-
-A-X:a-t:D51-p-W-Hr-Z1-N41:t-F45-F51:z

c. 1550 BCE, Ebers Papyrus line 96.16–96.18 (Eb 831)

If you examine a woman for whom there has come out something like water, the end of it being like clotted blood, you should say regarding that: It is a scratch wound on her uterus.

jr ḫꜣ.k zt pꜣ n.s hꜣt ḫt mj mw pḥwj jrj mj znf qfn ḏd.ḫr.k r.s ꜣẖꜥt pw ḥr jdt.s

(medicine, hapax) scratch, scratch wound


ꜣḫf

Gardiner hypothesizes a relation with ꜣḫfḫf (“to blaze (of the eyes)”), for which compare also ḫfꜣj (“to illuminate”). Federn, following a different interpretation of the word, contrarily proposes a connection with ḫfꜣt (“food”), ḫfꜣ (“to fill with, to be swelled with”), and ḫfḫf.

i-r-N41-m-s-B4-k-H-n:a-A-f:a-
-A1-imi-A2-k-A-x-f-Y1:f-s-wA-A-N31
jr ḥms.k ḥnꜥ ꜣfꜥ wnm.k ꜣḫf.f swꜣ(.w)

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.7–1.8

If you sit with a glutton, you should eat when his burning appetite has passed.

(hapax) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

condition of the body and mind after eating a great deal, surfeit


zpt

z:p*t-zp (canonical feminine)
zpt (singular)
zptj (dual)
zpwt (plural)

heap of grain stacked on the threshing floor to be threshed


zwt

zwt (singular)
zwtj (dual)
zwwt (plural)


sšr

sšr (singular)
sšrwj (dual)
sšrw (plural)


mtwt

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲁⲑⲟⲩⲓ (mathoui)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲩ (matou), ⲙⲁⲧⲟⲩⲉ (matoue), ⲙⲁⲧⲉ (mate)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲉⲧⲃⲓ (metbi)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲉⲧⲟⲩ (metou)

Perhaps from mt (“anatomical vessel or duct”).

(figuratively) floodwater as a source of fertility for the fields

venom, especially of snakes or scorpions


qnt

qnt (singular)
qntj (dual)
qnwt (plural)


jḫmt

jḫmt (singular)
jḫmtj (dual)
jḫmwt (plural)

(usually in the plural) bank, embankment (of a river, valley, or fortress)


ꜥqyt

aq-q-i-i-t (canonical feminine)
ꜥqyt (singular)
ꜥqytj (dual)
ꜥqywt (plural)


ḥnmmt

Old Coptic: ϩⲁⲙⲉⲩ (hameu)

Possibly ultimately from nmj (“to traverse, to travel”).

(collective) a group of people or celestial beings of unclear, possibly originally religious, significance; conventionally rendered sun-folk. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

the king’s inner circle of personal attendants

a group of divine beings associated with the north polar and eastern regions of the sky

s-V25-w-Y1:n:f-t*nr:Z2-H_SPACE:t-G23-Z2ss:H_SPACE-p:a:t*F51A-N8:M:M-t:Z2ss-tA:U7:r-i-tr-niwt-HA-nb:nb:nb
swḏ n.f rmt rḫyt pꜥt ḥnmmt tꜣ-mrj ḥꜣ(w)-nbw(t)

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 19

Humankind was bequeathed to him, the commoners and patricians, the sunfolk of the Beloved Land (Egypt) and the Aegean islanders.

(collective) the people of a given place, especially Egypt


wbnw

wbnw (singular)
wbnwwj (dual)
wbnww (plural)

wound, injury, especially if forcibly inflicted


šns

šns (singular)
šnswj (dual)
šnsw (plural)


wꜣḥyt

wꜣḥyt (singular)
wꜣḥytj (dual)
wꜣḥywt (plural)

yield of the grain harvest, abundance of grain, perhaps especially spelt


jmꜣḫw-ḫr-nṯr-ꜥꜣ

jmꜣḫw-ḫr-nṯr-ꜥꜣ (singular)
jmꜣḫwwj-ḫr-nṯr-ꜥꜣ (dual)
jmꜣḫww-ḫr-nṯr-ꜥꜣ (plural)

/ʔaˈmaːχə χuʔ nətəˈʕaʔ/

/ʔaˈmoːχ χøʔ nətəˈʕaʔ/

/ʔaˈmaːχə χuʔ nətəˈʕaʔ/

/ʔaˈmoːχ χøʔ nətəˈʕaʔ/

/imɑxuː xɛr nɛt͡ʃɛr ɑːʔɑ/

jmꜣḫw (“revered one”) + ḫr (“in the presence of, before”) + nṯr-ꜥꜣ (“Elder God”, epithet of Osiris), thus literally ‘one revered before the Elder God’.

af

epithet attached to the dead who have been judged righteous


pzn

pzn (singular)
pznwj (dual)
pznw (plural)

(loaf of) a kind of bread, used especially as an offering to the dead


nḏt

nḏt (singular)
nḏtj (dual)
nḏwt (plural)

n(j) (“of, belonging to”) + ḏt (“(funerary) estate”), thus ‘(the one) belonging to the funerary estate’.

subject, servant (especially used of foreign people and lands)


šnft

šnft (singular)
šnftj (dual)
šnfwt (plural)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲉⲛϥⲓ (šenfi), ϣⲏⲓϥⲓ (šēifi)

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲛ̄ϥⲉ (šn̄fe)


mṯwn

mṯwn (singular)
mṯwnwj (dual)
mṯwnw (plural)

m- (nomen loci-forming prefix) + ṯwn (“to gore”).


sḫn

sḫn (singular)
sḫnwj (dual)
sḫnw (plural)

From sḫnj (“to alight, to bring or come to rest”).

resting place (for the shades of the dead)


msḫn

ms-s-x:n-pr (canonical masculine)
msḫn (singular)
msḫnwj (dual)
msḫnw (plural)

m- (nomen loci-forming prefix) + sḫn (“resting-place”).

abode or resting-place of a god, often in reference to a temple


mꜣqt

mꜣqt (singular)
mꜣqtj (dual)
mꜣqwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲕⲓ (mouki)

m- (noun-forming prefix) + jꜣq (“to climb up”) + -t (feminine ending).


mẖnt

mẖnt (singular)
mẖntj (dual)
mẖnwt (plural)

m- (noun-forming prefix) + ẖnj (“to row”) + -t (feminine ending).


nt-ḥsb

nt (feminine of nj (“of, belonging to”)) + ḥsb (“calculation”), thus ‘(what is) belonging to calculation’.


mẖꜥqt

mẖꜥqt (singular)
mẖꜥqtj (dual)
mẖꜥqwt (plural)

/məçˈʕaːqʼa/

/məçˈʕoːqʼə/

/məçˈʕaːqʼa/

/məçˈʕoːqʼə/

m- (noun-forming prefix) + ẖꜥq (“to shave”) + -t (feminine ending).


nbs

nbs (singular)
nbswj (dual)
nbsw (plural)

Old Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩⲃⲥ (noubs)

de:Ludwig Köhler (Theologe)
de:Walter Baumgartner (Theologe)

Put by Koehler-Baumgartner to Arabic بَلَس (balas, “fig”) / Ge'ez በለስ (bäläs, “fig; sycomore”); because the Egyptian word has been glossed to mean sycomore, but this is not done so anymore. Instead the sycomore is in Egyptian nht, and Arabic has a similar word for the Christ’s thorn jujube in نَبِق (nabiq).

Christ’s thorn jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi)


mnhz

mnhz (singular)
mnhzwj (dual)
mnhzw (plural)

m- (noun-forming prefix) + nhzj (“to be awake”).


msjꜣt

m-s-i-siA-A-t (canonical feminine)
msjꜣt (singular)
msjꜣtj (dual)
msjꜣwt (plural)

m- (noun-forming prefix) + sjꜣ (“to perceive, to recognize”) + -t (feminine ending).


msꜣḏt

msꜣḏt (singular)
msꜣḏtj (dual)
msꜣḏwt (plural)

m- (noun-forming prefix) + swꜣḏ (“to freshen”) + -t (feminine ending).


mḥsḥs

mḥsḥs (singular)
mḥsḥswj (dual)
mḥsḥsw (plural)

m- (noun-forming prefix) + ḥs (“feces”), with the second element in reduplication.

(derogatory) a swear word used as a term of abuse for someone; shitter, shithead


mzwr

m-z:wr:r- (canonical masculine)
mzwr (singular)
mzwrwj (dual)
mzwrw (plural)

m- (nomen loci-forming prefix) + zwr (“to drink”).


jꜣt wꜥbt

iAt-y-wab-mw-t:niwt (canonical feminine)
jꜣt wꜥbt (singular)
jꜣtj wꜥbtj (dual)
jꜣwt wꜥbwt (plural)

jꜣt (“mound”) + wꜥbt (feminine of wꜥb (“clean, pure”)), thus literally ‘pure mound’.

feminine of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">wꜥb</i> (“clean, pure”)

any one of the many sacred cult sites where a body part of the dismembered Osiris was claimed to be buried, most commonly the site on Bigeh; abaton


šbw

šbw (singular)
šbwwj (dual)
šbww (plural)


ḥbnnwt

ḥbnnwt (singular)
ḥbnnwtj (dual)
ḥbnnwwt (plural)


wꜥḥ

wꜥḥ (singular)
wꜥḥwj (dual)
wꜥḥw (plural)


šfyt

Demotic: šft

Old Coptic: ϣⲃⲉ (šbe), ϣⲃⲏ (šbē)


nmtt

From nmt (“to stride over, traverse”) + -t.

i-w-r:x:Y1-k:w-Sm:t-t:w-H_SPACE:t-A53-D54:t:Z1-
-a:xrp:a-[sic]-w-nw:Z1-A-Z1:H_SPACE-mD:Z1
jw(.j) rḫ.kw šmt twt nmtt rpwt ꜥḥꜥw nw ꜣ mḏw-wꜥ

c. 2061–2010 BCE, Stela of Irtisen (Louvre C14), lines 9–10

I know the gait of a male figure, the stride of a female figure, and the stances of the eleven birds.

manner of stepping or walking; gait, stride

i-w-ir:n-A1-pr:r:*t-aA:t-Sms-A1-nTr-r:D54*Z2ss:f-D37:n-A1-s-P11-P1-nTr-d:p*t-P3-G26-Hr:Z1-U5:a--s-qd-d:N33C--w&t-P1:Z2
jw jr.n.j prt-ꜥꜣt šms.j nṯr r nmtt.f dj.n.j sqd dpt-nṯr ḏḥwtj ḥr mꜣꜥ [sqd]wt

Reign of Senusret III, c. 1878–1839 BCE, Stela of Ikhernofret (Berlin ÄM 1204), lines 18–19

I undertook the Great Procession, following the god at his travels; I made the god’s boat sail, with Thoth directing the sailing.

procedure, course of proceeding or action


ḫrt

Nominalized from the feminine form of ḫrj (“present, being in the presence of”), itself a nisba adjective from ḫr (“in the presence of”); thus literally ‘what is in the presence (of)’.

(uncountable) matters, happenings, affairs


mnꜥt

mnꜥt (singular)
mnꜥtj (dual)
mnꜥwt (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲁⲁⲛⲉ (maane)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲛⲓ (moni)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲁⲁⲛⲓ (maani)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲟⲛⲉ (moone)

mnꜥ (“to nurse, to suckle”) + -t (feminine ending).


ḫbs

ḫbs (singular)
ḫbswj (dual)
ḫbsw (plural)


ꜥrf

ꜥrf (singular)
ꜥrfwj (dual)
ꜥrfw (plural)


mḏt

m-D:t-W1 fm (canonical)
mḏt (singular)
mḏtj (dual)
mḏwt (plural)
mḏt (singular)
mḏtwj (dual)
mḏtw (plural)


wꜣḏw

(uncountable) a green mineral pigment primarily used as eyepaint


ḥnkt

ḥnkt (singular)
ḥnktj (dual)
ḥnkwt (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲱⲗⲕ (hōlk)

Alternative form of ḥnzkt (“braided lock of hair”)


nḫꜣḫꜣ

nḫꜣḫꜣ (singular)
nḫꜣḫꜣwj (dual)
nḫꜣḫꜣw (plural)

Reduplication of nḫꜣ (“flail”), from nḫꜣ (“to dangle”).


nḫn

nḫn (singular)
nḫnwj (dual)
nḫnw (plural)


ky-ḏd

ky (“another”) + ḏd (“speaking”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘another one of speaking’.

(in religious and medical texts) stands at the start of phrases giving variant readings, glosses, or interpretations; alternatively; otherwise said; alternative reading: …

(Late Egyptian, in letters) stands at the start of phrases giving further information; furthermore; and another thing: …


ꜥbw

ꜥbw (singular)
ꜥbwwj (dual)
ꜥbww (plural)


ꜥbw

>? Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲁⲓⲃⲉ (aibe)


ꜥbw

Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲃ (ōb)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩϥ (ouf)


ḫnfw

ḫnfw (singular)
ḫnfwwj (dual)
ḫnfww (plural)

a kind of small oval or circular roll of bread


pr-ḏt

pr-ḏt (singular)
prwj-ḏt (dual)
prw-ḏt (plural)

pr (“house”) + ḏt (“eternity”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘house of eternity’.

funerary estate, foundation or endowment for the maintenance of a tomb


ṯpḥt

T:p-H-t:pr (canonical feminine)
ṯpḥt (singular)
ṯpḥtj (dual)
ṯpḥwt (plural)

a hypothetical cavern that serves as the source of the Nile

used as part of the names of various other specific caverns


jꜣtt

jꜣtt (singular)
jꜣttj (dual)
jꜣtwt (plural)

Possibly from jꜣt (“a goddess (of milk?)”) + -t (feminine nisba ending). Also perhaps a doublet of jrṯt (“milk”).

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

a beverage or substance prepared from milk, possibly cream


ḥḏw

(uncountable) any Allium species; garlic or onions (as a cultivated plant, as a side dish to bread and meat, as an apotropaic against snakes and evil spirits, or used medicinally)


kꜣr

kꜣr (singular)
kꜣrwj (dual)
kꜣrw (plural)


ṯrp

ṯrp (singular)
ṯrpwj (dual)
ṯrpw (plural)

greater white-fronted goose
greater white-fronted goose

Anser albifrons
Anser albifrons#Translingual

greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons)


sfṯ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲓϥⲓ (sifi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲓϥⲉ (sife)

one of the seven sacred oils used in mortuary rituals, made from the resin of the ꜥš-tree


twꜣwt

twꜣ (“to beseech, to appeal to, to support”) + -wt.

one of the seven sacred oils used in mortuary rituals, made of wood pitch, frankincense, and pine


nẖnm

n- + ẖnm (“to unite with”), thus ‘reunion’ oil.

one of the seven sacred oils used in mortuary rituals, made of pine resin, wood pitch, and bitumen


sṯ-ḥꜣb

sṯ (“scent”) + ḥꜣb (“festival”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘scent of the festival’.

one of the seven sacred oils used in mortuary rituals, made from a mixture of various seeds, flowers, and frankincense


mnjt

mnjt (singular)
mnjtj (dual)
mnjwt (plural)

→ English: menat

a heavy beaded necklace and musical instrument with a crescent-shaped plate in the front and a keyhole-shaped amuletic counterweight in the rear, considered sacred to Hathor; menat-necklace

the keyhole-shaped counterweight of such a necklace


nḥrw

nḥrw (singular)
nḥrwwj (dual)
nḥrww (plural)

Perhaps from nḥr (“to match up to, to equal or resemble”) + -w.

(often in the dual) a kind of loaf or cake of bread


wnḫwj

wnḫ (“to clothe, *cloth”) + -wj (masculine dual ending).

(only in the dual) two strips of cloth given as an offering for the dead


zḥ-nṯr

nTr-zH (canonical masculine)
zḥ-nṯr (singular)
zḥwj-nṯr (dual)
zḥw-nṯr (plural)

From zḥ (“booth, hall, embalmer’s workshop”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘booth of the god’, ‘divine booth’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


ẖrj-tp-nswt

sw-Xr:tp (canonical masculine)
ẖrj-tp-nswt (singular)
ẖrjwj-tp-nswt (dual)
ẖrjw-tp-nswt (plural)

ẖrj (“lying under”) + tp (“head”) + nswt (“king”), thus literally ‘(one) under the head of the king’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

af

an Old Kingdom title, sometimes rendered royal chamberlain


dmḏ

dmḏ (singular)
dmḏwj (dual)
dmḏw (plural)

From dmḏj (“to join together, to assemble”).

union of several things; totality, aggregate


ḫnmw

From ḫnm (“to breathe, smell, make sweet-smelling”) + -w.

smell, aroma, fragrance, especially a pleasant one


ḫnmt

ḫnmt (singular)
ḫnmtj (dual)
ḫnmwt (plural)

ḫnm (“to attend on or rear a child”) + -t.

(Late Egyptian) (female) nurse or attendant of a child, especially of a god in the form of a child


jrj-pḏt

jrj-pḏt (singular)
jrjwj-pḏt (dual)
jrwj-pḏt (dual)
jrjw-pḏt (plural)
jrw-pḏt (plural)

jrj (“one belonging to”) + pḏt (“bow (weapon)”)


jrj-nfr-ḥꜣt

jrj-nfr-ḥꜣt (singular)
jrjwj-nfr-ḥꜣt (dual)
jrwj-nfr-ḥꜣt (dual)
jrjw-nfr-ḥꜣt (plural)
jrw-nfr-ḥꜣt (plural)

jrj (“one belonging to”) + nfr-ḥꜣt (“diadem”).


bḫnt

b-x:n-t- (canonical feminine)
bḫnt (singular)
bḫntj (dual)
bḫnwt (plural)

pylon, monumental gateway flanked by two towers


qrsw

qrsw (singular)
qrswwj (dual)
qrsww (plural)


mꜣꜥw

(sailing) wind blowing in the right direction (to drive one’s boat)

(figuratively) the right direction in life


nḏyt

Possibly formed from nḏt (“servant, slave”). The verb nḏy is of later date and may best be seen as a back-formation.

(uncountable) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


wfꜣ

wfꜣ (singular)
wfꜣwj (dual)
wfꜣw (plural)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲱϥ (ouōf), ⲟⲩⲟϥ (ouof)


nwdw

nwdw (singular)
nwdwwj (dual)
nwdww (plural)

inaccuracy, deviation (of a measuring cord)

ethical deviation, aberration, corruption


srf

srf (singular)
srfwj (dual)
srfw (plural)

cog

Hebrew שָׂרָף

temperature, level of heat or coldness of something

(with a qualifier specifying the kind of mood) mood in general


fdq

fdq (singular)
fdqwj (dual)
fdqw (plural)


snmyt

snmyt (singular)
snmytj (dual)
snmywt (plural)


dhnt

dhnt (singular)
dhntj (dual)
dhnwt (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲉϩⲛⲉ (tehne)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲉϩⲛⲓ (tehni)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲉϩⲛⲓ (tehni)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲉϩⲛⲉ (tehne)


thw

thw (singular)
thwwj (dual)
thww (plural)


ḥzp

ḥzp (singular)
ḥzpwj (dual)
ḥzpw (plural)


ḏdꜣ

ḏdꜣ (singular)
ḏdꜣwj (dual)
ḏdꜣw (plural)

part of a plant used medicinally. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


rtḥ

rtḥ (singular)
rtḥwj (dual)
rtḥw (plural)


rtḥtj

rtḥtj (singular)
rtḥtjwj (dual)
rtḥtjw (plural)

rtḥ (“to bake”) + -t + -j (nisba ending).


ḫnr

ḫnr (singular)
ḫnrwj (dual)
ḫnrw (plural)


ḫnr

harem (as an institution, not a building), including its inmates


njk

n-i-k- (canonical masculine)
njk (singular)
njkwj (dual)
njkw (plural)

a supernatural evil being due punishment, especially Apophis


jwnt

iwn-t- \ (canonical feminine)
jwnt (singular)
jwntj (dual)
jwnwt (plural)


ḫnm

ḫnm (singular)
ḫnmwj (dual)
ḫnmw (plural)


ẖrwj

head

<hiero>Xr:r-w-</hiero>

 <hiero>y</hiero>

Nominalized from the dual of ẖrj (“being under”), thus literally ‘the two underneath’.


znb

z:n-b- (canonical masculine)
znb (singular)
znbwj (dual)
znbw (plural)


bjꜣyt

bjꜣyt (singular)
bjꜣytj (dual)
bjꜣywt (plural)


mnḥ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲗϩ (moulh)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲗϩ̄ (moulh̄)


mnḥ

mnḥ (singular)
mnḥwj (dual)
mnḥw (plural)


ḫfꜣꜣt

ḫfꜣꜣt (singular)
ḫfꜣꜣtj (dual)
ḫfꜣꜣwt (plural)

Demotic: ḫfꜣ

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲁϥ (šaf)


ḫmꜥt

ḫmꜥt (singular)
ḫmꜥtj (dual)
ḫmꜥwt (plural)


zp tpj

zp (“time, occasion”) + tpj (“first”), literally ‘first time’.

the beginning of time, the primeval time, creation


npnpt

npnpt (singular)
npnptj (dual)
npnpwt (plural)


bntwt

(hapax) deep-bosomedness, big-breastedness (of women)


ꜥt nt ḫt

ꜥt nt ḫt (singular)
ꜥtj ntj ḫt (dual)
ꜥwt nwt ḫt (plural)
ꜥwt nt ḫt (plural)

ꜥt (room) + nt (“of”) + ḫt (“tree”), thus literally ‘room of tree’.


bꜣḥ

bꜣḥ (singular)
bꜣḥwj (dual)
bꜣḥw (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲃⲁϩ (bah), ϥⲁϩ (fah)

Possibly from Proto-Afroasiatic *b(Vʔ)uḥ-. Compare also Proto-Semitic *būḥ-.


štjw

štjw (singular)
štjwwj (dual)
štjww (plural)

Alternative form of štw (“turtle, tortoise”)


snṯ

snṯ (singular)
snṯwj (dual)
snṯw (plural)

foundation of a building or wall; underbuilding, substructure

(figuratively, of people’s character) something firm on which one can rely


psš

psš (singular)
psšwj (dual)
psšw (plural)

ritual instrument (for Opening of the mouth)


psš-kꜣf

From psš (“an instrument for Opening of the mouth”) + kꜣf (“obsidian”).

af

h-A-<-wn:n-i-s->-i-s-mn:n-n:k-a:r:t-F19:F19:k-p-s-S:t-p-s-

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume I, Providence: Brown University, PT 37 (Pyr. 225c), N

hꜣ wnjs j.smn.n(.j) n.k ꜥrtj.k psš.t psš-kꜣf

Peseshkef (a ritual instrument made from obsidian used in the “opening of the mouth” funerary ritual to allow the deceased to eat and drink once more)


npꜣw

npꜣw (singular)
npꜣwwj (dual)
npꜣww (plural)


mḥn

m-H- (canonical masculine)
mḥn (singular)
mḥnwj (dual)
mḥnw (plural)


wr-ḥkꜣw

wr-ḥkꜣw (singular)
wrwj-ḥkꜣw (dual)
wrw-ḥkꜣw (plural)

wr (“great”) + ḥkꜣw (plural of ḥkꜣ (“magic”)) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘(the one) great of magic powers’, i.e. ‘one with great magic’.

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ḥkꜣ</i> (“magic”)


wr-ḥkꜣw

curving serpent-headed adze or blade used as a ritual instrument in the opening of the mouth ceremony, a funerary ritual to allow the deceased to eat and drink once more