ẖnmt-nfr-ḥḏt

ẖnmt (“united with”) + nfr-ḥḏt (“White Crown”), thus literally ‘united with the White Crown’.

a female given name, Khenemetneferhedjet


ḫꜥ-m-wꜣst

ḫꜥ (“appearing”) + m (“in”) + wꜣst (“Thebes”), thus ‘(the one) appearing in Thebes’.


ꜣpꜣrwywsꜣ

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀπελλαῖος (Apellaîos).

The month of Apellaios in the Ancient Macedonian calendar


qjs

q-i-s-niwt m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)


ḫntj-š

ḫntj (“foremost”) + š (“district, garden”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘foremost of the district/garden’.


ḥnt

the branch of the Nile connecting the river to the Fayum Oasis


jnb-ḥḏ

inb-HD m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

Demotic: jnb-ḥḏ

desc

Λευκὸν τεῖχος

→ Ancient Greek: Λευκὸν τεῖχος (Leukòn teîkhos) (calque)

→ English: White Wall (calque)

From jnb (“wall”) + ḥḏ (“white”), literally “White Wall”.

af

A51-s-s-kA:Z1-p-w-xnt-Dd-Dd-wr:r-Xr:r:t-m-R22:x-m-pr:H_SPACE-nb:h-n:nw*w-A32-m-A21:R12-t*y:N36-xnt-D:f:X4-m-iwn-nw:niwt-!-nb-s-xA-w-m-Sw-Sw-H_SPACE:R7-bA-Z1:H_SPACE-S:t*U30-nb:q:r-r:t*O49-D45:r-m-inb-HD-H_SPACE:R7-bA-Z1:H_SPACE-r:a:ra-D:t*Z1:f-D&z&f
špss kꜣ pw ḫnt(j) ḏdw wr ẖrt m ḫm nb hnw m ꜥnḏtj ḫnt(j) ḏf(ꜣ) m jwnw

18th Dynasty, Great Hymn to Osiris, Stela of Amenmose (Louvre C 286), lines 1–2

He is noble of ka, this foremost one of Busiris, great of possessions in Letopolis, possessor of acclaim in (the nome of) Anedjti, foremost of provisions in Heliopolis, possessor of remembrance in the Two Truths (Hall of Judgement), the secret ba, lord of the Cavern, sacred in Memphis, the ba of Ra, his very body (literally, “his body/self of himself”), …

nb sḫꜣw m mꜣꜥtj bꜣ štꜣ nb qrrt ḏsr m jnb-ḥḏ bꜣ rꜥ ḏt.f ḏs.f

the main fortress of Memphis, located toward the north of the city and also functioning as a palace and ceremonial complex

the first nome of Lower Egypt, with its capital at Memphis


jmstj

Imseti, a mortuary god, protector of the liver of the deceased


qrrt

q:r-r:*t-pr (canonical feminine)
qrrt (singular)
qrrtj (dual)
qrwt (plural)
qrrwt (plural)

(also dual or plural) the Cavern, a region of the afterworld


ꜣḫt-jtn

→ English: Akhetaten

ꜣḫt (“Akhet”) + jtn (“Aten”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Akhet of the Aten’, i.e. the place where the sun rises.

Akhetaten, Amarna: the capital city newly established and built by the pharaoh Akhenaten


qbḥw

qbḥ (“to refresh, to cool, to make a libation”) + -w.

the sky as a body of water, the sea of stars


mꜥnḏt

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE

m- (noun-forming prefix) + ꜥnḏw (“dawn, sunlight”) + -t (feminine suffix)

the barque in which the sun sails through the sky during the morning and daytime; the day-barque of Ra


msktt

the barque in which the sun sails during the evening and nighttime; the night-barque of Ra


ꜥḏt

Alternative form of mꜥnḏt (“the day-barque of Ra”)


ḥpy

Hapy, a mortuary god, protector of the lungs of the deceased


ḏḥwtt

head

<hiero>G26:t*t-</hiero>

 <hiero>D39</hiero>

G26:t*t- D39 (canonical feminine)
ḏḥwtt (singular)
ḏḥwttj (dual)
ḏḥwtwt (plural)

the festival of Thoth, on which offerings were presented to the dead


sḫt-jꜣrw

desc

→ English: Field of Reeds, Fields of Yaru (calque)

sḫt (“field”) + jꜣrw (“rushes, reeds”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “field of reeds”.

a region of the afterworld that serves as the home of those judged righteous after death


ꜣḫ-bjt

A-x:H_SPACE-M15-bit-t:niwt m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

ꜣḫ (“papyrus thicket”) + bjt(j) (“king of Lower Egypt”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘papyrus thicket of the king of Lower Egypt’.

af

a mythological island, Chemmis, where Horus was said to have been reared in secret, most often identified with a lake site near Buto


wjꜣ-n-ḥḥw

desc

→ English: Boat of a Million Years, Boat of Millions of Years (calque)

From wjꜣ (“sacred barque”) + n(j) (“of”) + ḥḥw (plural of ḥḥ (“million”)), literally “sacred barque of millions”.

af

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ḥḥ</i> (“million”)

the barque in which the sun sails through the sky


nb-pt

nb (“lord”) + pt (“sky”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘lord of the sky’.

a very common epithet of various gods, originally of Horus of Behdet and Ra


nswt-nṯrw

nswt (“king”) + nṯrw (plural of nṯr (“god”)) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘king of the gods’.

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">nṯr</i> (“god”)

an epithet of the god Amun, occasionally also used of other gods


ḥr-bḥdtj

ḥr (“Horus”) + bḥdtj (“(one) of Edfu; Behdeti”).


wꜣjwrjy

wA-N18:Z1*N21-r:y-i-i m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

Of Anatolian origin. Compare Hittite 𒃾𒇻𒊭 (Wi-lu-ša, “Wilusa”), Ancient Greek Ἴλιον (Ílion).


msqt

m- (nomen loci-forming prefix) + sqr (“to strike, to beat”) + -t (feminine ending), thus perhaps ‘beaten path’.

a mythological region of the sky and the afterworld, perhaps identical with the longer form msqt-sḥdw, and possibly to be identified with the Milky Way


nḫn

O48:niwt m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)


wsrt

wsr (“powerful”) + -t (feminine ending), literally ‘the powerful one’.


jrt-rꜥ

jrt (“eye”) + rꜥ (“sun, Ra”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘the Eye of Ra’.

an epithet of various goddesses, especially Hathor; the Eye of Ra


r-sṯꜣw

r:Z1-V2:V2-V2:xAst m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

r (“place of passage”) + sṯꜣw (“pulling, towing”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘passage-place of towing’, perhaps in reference to the ramps or corridors along which the coffin was dragged into the tomb.

the necropolis of Giza, particularly as the domain of Sokar


nḫbt

From nḫb (“the city of Nekheb/El-Kab”) + -t (feminine nisba ending).


wꜣḏt

Nominalized from wꜣḏ (“green”) + -t (feminine ending), thus literally ‘the green one’.


mr.n-rꜥ

→ English: Merenre, Merenra

From mr.n (perfect relative form of mrj (“to love”)) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus literally ‘(the one) whom Ra has loved’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

mr.n <pos:perfect relative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mrj</i> (“to love”)>

egy-ht

<-G7A-m-V17-f->-H_SPACE-<-ra-mr-r:n->-p:n-di-s-n-anx-n:x-k-
-n-H-Hr:r-k-i-t:*r-E23-M5\-M5\-M5\-G5-Ax-x-ti-i-N18-
-m-ir:t-s-n-r:n-f-m-H-Hr:r-N31-i-r-nTr-nTr-nTr

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume V, Providence: Brown University, PT 606.26–606.28 (Pyr. 1693a–1693c), M

nmtj-m-zꜣ.f mr.n-rꜥ pn ḏj.sn ꜥnḫ.k nḥr.k jtrw ḥr-ꜣḫtj m jrt.sn rn.f m ḥr jr nṯrw

A throne name notably borne by Nemtyemzaef Merenre I and II, two pharaohs of the Sixth Dynasty

where it iscombined in one cartouche withthe birth name nmtj-m-zꜣ.f


nmtj-m-zꜣ.f

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Μεθουσοῦφις (Methousoûphis), Μενθεσοῦφις (Menthesoûphis)

nmtj (“Nemty”) + m (“in, in the role of”) + zꜣ (“protection”) + .f (“his”), thus literally ‘Nemty is his protection’.

af

<-G7A-m-V17-f->-H_SPACE-<-ra-mr-r:n->-p:n-di-s-n-anx-n:x-k-!-n-H-Hr:r-k-i-t:*r-E23-M5\-M5\-M5\-G5-Ax-x-ti-i-N18-!-m-ir:t-s-n-r:n-f-m-H-Hr:r-N31-i-r-nTr-nTr-nTr

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Nemtyemzaef Merenre I and II, two pharaohs of the Sixth Dynasty

ḏfꜣ is aplaceholder that means ‘lacuna’and indicates the first sign wasalready unknown in Ramesside times


zḥ-nṯr

From zḥ (“booth, hall, embalmer’s workshop”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘booth of the god’, ‘divine booth’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

the mythological booth or hall in which Anubis cleaned and embalmed the corpse of Osiris


ḫntj-zḥ-nṯr

ḫntj (“foremost, being in front of”) + zḥ-nṯr (“the hall in which Anubis embalmed Osiris”, literally “divine booth”), thus ‘(the one) presiding over the divine booth’.


nṯr-nfr

nṯr (“god”) + nfr (“pleasing, fine, good, beautiful”), thus ‘the pleasing/fine/good/beautiful god’. The use of the term in contrast with nṯr-ꜥꜣ (“the elder god”) shows that the implication of nfr here was probably one of youthful beauty or, euphemistically, simply youth, as also seen in nfrt (“young woman”). A rendering such as ‘the youthful god’ is thus perhaps truer to the intended meaning than the traditional rendering ‘the good god’.

an epithet of the currently living king, often appended as a title either before all other titles or immediately before or after the king’s names, sometimes in contrast to nṯr-ꜥꜣ for the dead former king

epithet for the junior king in a coregency, in contrast to nṯr-ꜥꜣ for the senior king

(less commonly) an epithet for various gods, especially Osiris as king of the afterworld


smdt

the half-month festival, a festival taking place on the fifteenth day of the lunar month


ḥꜣb-sd

ḥꜣb-sd (singular)
ḥꜣbwj-sd (dual)
ḥꜣbw-sd (plural)

ḥꜣb (“festival”) + sd (“tail”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘festival of the tail’.

the Sed festival, a jubilee festival first celebrated after a king had ruled for thirty years and thereafter every three or four years


jmn-ms

From jmn (“Amun”) + ms (“to give birth”) + (.w) (masculine third-person singular stative ending), thus ‘Amun is born’.

.w <alt:(.w)><pos:masculine third-person singular stative ending>


zfṯyw

i-A2-s-f:T-W-tyw-T30:D40-G7-i-p-W-nw-Z1-nb:t-anx-x-Y1-!-n:t*y-Hr:r-Z1-s-n:Z2-m-Z9:t-Q7-s-p:d-M44-Z1-Y1-Dba-Dba-Dba-F51:Z2ss--…--Hr:r-Z1-N31:n:Z2-r:A1
j sfṯyw jpw nw nb{t}-ꜥnḫ ntj ḥr.sn m sḏt spd ḏbꜥw […] ḥr ⟨ṯ⟩n r.j

c. 976 BCE, Book of the Dead of Pinedjem II (pLondon British Museum EA10793 = pCampbell), chapter 41B, line 22.6–22.7

O you Butchers of the Lord of Life, whose faces are made of fire, (who are) sharp of fingers, […] keep away from me.

(plural only) a group of threatening underworld gods, ‘the Butchers’


jnpwt

→ English: Anput


sṯjt

Satis, a war, hunting, and fertility goddess


jmwr

i-A2-G20-w-r:Z1:N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)


qdšt-ꜥꜣsṯrt-ꜥnṯjt

/kɛdʃɛt ɑːʔɑsɛt͡ʃrɛt ɑːnt͡ʃit/

epithet of Qetesh, as syncretized with Astarte and Anat


ḥr-m-ꜣḫt-ḫprj-rꜥ-tm

ḥr-m-ꜣḫt (“Harmachis”) + ḫprj (“Khepri”) + rꜥ (“Ra”) + tm (“Atum”), thus literally meaning ‘Harmachis-Khepri-Ra-Atum’.

(hapax) the epithet of the deified Great Sphinx of Giza given on the Dream Stele


ḥr-m-ꜣḫt

→ Ancient Greek: Ἁρμάχις (Harmákhis)

ḥr (“Horus”) + m (“in”) + ꜣḫt (“Akhet, place of sunrise”), thus literally meaning ‘Horus in the Akhet’.

Harmachis or Horemakhet, a hypostasis of Horus as the deified Great Sphinx of Giza


jgrt

epithet for the afterword as the realm of silence


msn

ms-s-n:msn-niwt m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

Related to msnw (“harpooner”); the toponym is closely connected since the earliest times with Horus in his role as harpooner of enemies.

a toponym of ambiguous signification commonly found associated with Horus as part of his epithet nb-msn; it may refer to any or all of the following:

a settlement near or identical to Tjaru in Lower Egypt

(possibly) the city of Buto (Pe) in Lower Egypt


bḥdt

the city of Semabehdet (Tell el-Balamun) in Lower Egypt

the 17th nome of Lower Egypt, with its capital at Semabehdet (Tell el-Balamun)


tp-rnpt

tpj (“first”) + rnpt (“year”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘first of the year’. The form with tpj written out in full (as opposed to written as tp) is unattested.

‘New Year’s Day’: a festival day at the start of the Egyptian year, the first day of the first month of ꜣḫt, originally aligned to the heliacal rising of Sirius in summer


tꜣ-mḥw

tꜣ (“land”) + mḥw (“Lower Egypt”) in a direct genitive construction.


ꜥbrꜥstjꜥks

Compare Ancient Greek ἀβρασάξ (abrasáx).

h-A-i-i-A2-z:D54-a:k-s-G7-i-mn:n-G7-F29-t:y-a:k:z-G7-a-b-Z1-r:a*Z1-F29-t:y-a:k-s-G7-D:d-m*t*W:k-
-sbA

c. 175–249 CE, Papyrus London-Leiden, col. 23, line 24

Hail, Sax, Amun, Sax, Abrasax, for you are the moon, […]

hꜣy sꜥks jmn stjꜥks ꜥbrꜥstjꜥks ḏd mtwk jꜥḥ


wꜣyšꜣtjsꜣpy

<-ini-T:rw-i-wA-SA->-anx-D&t&tA-G40-aA:a-G40-wr:r-A21-n:n-A-wr:r-A21-Z3-!-G40--HASH-HASH-HASH-HASH-HASH-HASH-wA-i-i--SA-ti-i-Aa18:p-i-i-A41-i-A-x:H_SPACE-m-i-n:N38-A41
jnṯrwjwꜣšꜣ ꜥnḫ ḏt pꜣ ꜥꜣ pꜣ wr n(j) nꜣ wrw pꜣ [… wꜣy]šꜣtjsꜣpy jꜣḫmjnš

c. 522–486 BCE, Tell el-Maskhuta stela of Darius I (Cairo JE 48855), lines 4–5

Darius, alive forever, the great one, the king of kings, the [… son of Hy]staspes the Achaemenid

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the Achaemenid satrap Hystaspes


nšmt

neshmet-barque, the sacred barque in which (the image of) Osiris was carried in procession during his festival at Abydos


jw-n-ꜣmw-m-sḫt-sjsj

jw (“island”) + n(j) (“of”) + ꜣmw (“burning”) + m (“in”) + sḫt (“field”) + sjsj (“fire”), thus literally ‘The Isle of Burning in the Field of Fire’.

ii-i-D54-n:k-t:n:y-T14-G41-Y1V-T-p:n-A40-
-ii-i-D54-n:A1-m-N18:Z1*N23-n-A-m-w-Q7-Z3-niwt-m-sxt-t:N23*Z1-s-i-s-i-Q7-niwt-
-anx-n:x-k-i-r:f-m-m-a:H_SPACE-m-N18:N23*Z1-n-A-m-w-Q7-Z3-niwt-m-sxt-t:N23*Z1-s-i-s-i-niwt-
-anx-n:x-A1-m-xt:t*Z1-p-w-i-i-A51-s-y:Y1
jj.n.k tnj ṯpn
jj.n.j m jw-n-ꜣmw-m-sḫt-sjsj
ꜥnḫ.k jr.f m mj m jw-n-ꜣmw-m-sḫt-sjsj

c. 1478 BCE – 1397 BCE, Book of the Dead of Nu (pLondon British Museum EA 10477) chapter 98, lines 6–8

Where have you come from, Tepen?
I have come from the Isle of Burning in the Field of Fire.
So what do you live on in the Isle of Burning in the Field of Fire?
I live on this noble tree.


hꜣkr

the Haker-festival, a religious festival celebrated in Abydos


štw

an evil being that serves as an enemy of Ra


zꜣ-nht

zꜣ (“son”) + nht (“sycamore”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘son of sycamore’.

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Sinuhe


ẖnmw-ḥtp

ẖnmw (“Khnum”) + ḥtp (“to be content”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Khnum is content’.


mnṯw-ḥtp

mnṯw (“Montu”) + ḥtp (“to be content”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Montu is content’.


tꜣ-ꜣḫtjw

tꜣ (“land”) + ꜣḫtj (“Akhet-dweller”) + -w (plural suffix) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘land of the Akhet-dwellers’.

a distant land described as a source of dwarfs


ḥꜣb-wr

the Great Festival, one of the festivals at which offerings were given to the dead

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see ḥꜣb, wr.


wrdw-jb

wrdw (“weary”) + jb (“heart”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘the weary-hearted’. No writing with ḏ in wrḏw is attested.


ḏd-pꜣ-nṯr-jw.f-ꜥnḫ

desc

צָפְנַת פַּעְנֵחַ

Hebrew: צָפְנַת פַּעְנֵחַ (ṣop̄naṯ paʿnēaḥ)

(Septuagint) Ancient Greek: Ψονθομφανήχ (Psonthomphanḗkh)

Latin: Psontonphanech

Bohairic Coptic: Ⲯⲟⲛⲑⲱⲙⲫⲁⲛⲏⲭ (Psonthōmphanēkh)

(Hexapla) Ancient Greek: Ψομθομφανήχ (Psomthomphanḗkh)

(Vetus Latina) Latin: Psompthomfanech

→ Latin: Zapfanethfane

→ English: Zaphnath-Paaneah

/t͡ʃʼapəˈnaːtə ʔəfʕəˈnaχ/

/t͡ʃʼapəˈnaːtə ʔəfʕəˈnaχ/

/d͡ʒɛd pɑ nɛt͡ʃɛr iuːʔɛf ɑːnx/

Compound of ḏd (“to speak”) + pꜣ (“the”) + nṯr (“god”) + jw (proclitic particle) + .f (masculine suffix pronoun) + ꜥnḫ (“to live”), thus producing "the god speaks, and he lives".

com+

a putative male given name or honorific title


wsr-mꜣꜥt-rꜥ

desc

Demotic: wsr-mꜣꜥ.t-rꜥ, smn-rꜥ, ns-mn-rꜥ, wsy-mn-rꜥ

→ Koine Greek: (semi-learned) Ὀσυμανδύας (Osumandúas), Ζμανρής (Zmanrḗs), Σμανρής (Smanrḗs)

→ English: Ozymandias

/wəsmuʕəˈɾeːʕə/

Demotic (Egyptian)
Ramesses II
cuneiform

From wsr + mꜣꜥt + rꜥ, meaning "The righteousness of the Sun (Ra) is powerful". It is attested as 𒉿𒀸𒈬𒀀𒊑𒀀 (wa-aš-mu-a-re-a) in Hittite cuneiform documents dating to the reign of Ramesses II (c. 1250 B.C.E.). In the Demotic period, the given name wsr-mꜣꜥt-rꜥ is frequently represented by the unetymological pronunciation spellings ns-mn-rꜥ and smn-rꜥ, which resemble contemporary Greek transcriptions (see below).

Pharaoh Ramesses II, after the first part of his throne name, Usermaatre Setepenre (wsr-mꜣꜥt-rꜥ stp.n-rꜥ).


rꜣ-ꜣw

r:Z1-Aw-w-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)


jmjw-jꜣwt.sn

From jmj (“being in”) + -w (plural suffix) + jꜣwt (plural of jꜣt (“mound”)) + .sn (third-person plural suffix pronoun), literally “those in their mounds”. Some variants leave off .sn for a meaning of “those in the mounds”.

af

jꜣwt<pos:plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jꜣt</i> (“mound”)>

.sn<pos:third-person plural suffix pronoun>

(plural only) a group of seven snake gods who defend Ra from Apophis


znmwt

pH:D54-n:n:Z2-pH-w&y-wA-wA-t:xAst-z:n-X5:D54-n:n:Z2-z:n-mwt-t:xAst

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 8–10

We have reached the end of Lower Nubia, and we have passed by Bigeh.

Bigeh, an island at the first cataract of the Nile where Osiris was said to be buried


nb-mꜣꜥt-rꜥ

From nb-mꜣꜥt (“possessor of righteousness/truth”) + rꜥ + [Term?] (“Ra”), a nominal sentence meaning ‘Ra is the possessor of righteousness/truth’. Contemporary cuneiform transcriptions of the name include Akkadian 𒉌𒅁𒈬𒀀𒊑𒀀 (ni-ib-mu-a-ri-a) and Hurrian 𒉌𒅎𒈬𒌋𒊑𒄿𒀸 (ni-im-mu-u-ri-i-a[š] /nimmōrīa-/).

cog

A throne name notably borne by Amenhotep III, a pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty


ḥꜣb-zkr

ḥꜣb (“festival”) + zkr (“Sokar”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Festival of Sokar’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

egy-ht

the Festival of Sokar, a festival consisting of the dragging of the Sokar-bark and a procession called pẖr ḥꜣ jnbw (“circling around the walls”), celebrated on the 25th (later 26th) of Choiak


nnwt

W24*W24*W24:N1-N35A X1:H8-B1 (canonical feminine)


jtwnj-rꜥꜣ-yh

Schneider reconstructs the name as Northwest Semitic *ʾadōnī-rōʿē-yāh, "My lord is the shepherd of Yah"; both Schneider and Shalomi Hen identify *-yāh with an abbreviated form of the toponym yhwꜣ, attested to during the 13th century BCE, whose relationship to the theonym Yahweh is still debated. Schneider takes the phrase *rōʿē-yāh as a whole as a divine epithet for Yahweh in his association with the toponym.


yhwꜣ

Debated. Some have hypothesized a derivation from the theonym Yahweh, that is, Biblical Hebrew יַהְוֶה (YHWH).

an unidentified place, possibly located in the region of Edom, often reconstructed as Yahu.

the penultimate glyph is miscopied from an earlier source

Attested twice on the southern towerof the first pylon at Medinet Habu


ytwꜥw-bꜥr

The second element is a rendering of the Semitic theonym Baal, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *baʕl- (“lord”); see also Egyptian bꜥr (“Baal”) as a loanword. The first element may be a transcription of a word derived from a Semitic root for ‘to know’ also reflected in יָדַע. The meaning of the whole is then perhaps ‘Acquaintance of Baal’.


mn-pḥtj-rꜥ

From mn (“to become established or fixed”) + pḥtj (“might”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus literally ‘The might of Ra is firmly established’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

af

A throne name notably borne by Ramesses I, a pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty


jbšꜣ

From Semitic, sometimes equated with Hebrew אבישי (Abishai).

S38-N29:N25-i*b:SA*Z1
ḥqꜣ-ḫꜣst jbšꜣ

c. 1900 BCE, Procession of the Aamu, Tomb of Khnumhotep II, Beni Hasan


jꜣkby

From jꜣkb (“to mourn”) + -y (agent nominalizer).


pr-dšr

pr (“house”) + dšr (“red”), thus ‘red house’; compare pr-ḥḏ (“treasury”, literally “house of silver, white house”).


nṯrwj

the fifth nome of Upper Egypt, centered at Coptos and also containing Dendera and Naqada


mḏd

→ English: Medjed

→ Japanese: メジェド (Mejedo)

The proper noun is derived from the participle of the verb, thus perhaps meaning ‘the one who hits the mark’, ‘the true-striking’.

D35:n-h-A-i-i-D54-A1-r:k:t-w-t:Aa2-N34:Z2-z:n:Z2-
-Hr-Z1-n:t**t-w&t-A1-r:x--Y1:k--w-A1-s-H_SPACE:t-r:x-Y1:k-w-A1-m-a-D:d-Aa24-H_SPACE:p-w-i-i-
-i-imi-m-y:H_SPACE-z:n:Z2-n:pr*Z1-st:ir-A40-F29-t:T11:D40-m-ir:t*Z1-f:D35-U2:ir-A-n:t-w-f-
-F46-n:D54-p*t:pt-m-n:ns:z-Q7-n:r*Z1:f-s-mi-i-A2-H-a:p-N36:N35B-A40-D35-U2:ir-A-n:t-w-f
nn hꜣy.j r ktwt.sn ḥr ntt {t}wj rḫ.kw st rḫ.kw mḏd pwy jmj.sn n(j) pr-wsjr stt m jrt.f nj mꜣ.n.tw.f pẖr.n pt m ns(rt) n(j) rꜣ.f smj ḥꜥpj nj mꜣ.n.tw.f

c. 1478 BCE – 1397 BCE, Book of the Dead of Nu (pLondon British Museum EA 10477) chapter 17, lines 76–79

I will not fall into their cauldron, for I know it, and I know of that Medjed among them of the House of Osiris who shoots from his eye without being able to be seen, with the flame of whose mouth the sky is encircled, whom Hapi announces without his being able to be seen.

Medjed, a minor god mentioned in the Book of the Dead


prt-ꜥꜣt

/pɛrɛt ɑːʔɑt/

i-w-ir:n-A1-pr:r:*t-aA:t-Sms-A1-nTr-r:D54*Z2ss:f-D37:n-A1-s-P11-P1-nTr-d:p*t-P3-G26-Hr:Z1-U5:a--s-qd-d:N33C--w&t-P1:Z2
jw jr.n.j prt-ꜥꜣt šms.j nṯr r nmtt.f dj.n.j sqd dpt-nṯr ḏḥwtj ḥr mꜣꜥ [sqd]wt

Reign of Senusret III, c. 1878–1839 BCE, Stela of Ikhernofret (Berlin ÄM 1204), lines 18–19

I undertook the Great Procession, following the god at his travels; I made the god’s boat sail, with Thoth directing the sailing.

the Great Procession, a festival in which (a representation of) the body of Osiris was conveyed from his temple to his tomb in a funerary barque


prt-tpt

the First Procession, a festival featuring a procession led by the god Wepwawet and enacting a part of the mysteries of Osiris


prt-wp-wꜣwt

prt (“procession”) + wp-wꜣwt (“Wepwawet”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Procession of Wepwawet’.

(rare) Synonym of prt-tpt (“the First Procession, a festival featuring a procession led by the god Wepwawet and enacting a part of the mysteries of Osiris”)


prt-mnw

prt (“procession”) + mnw (“Min”) in a direct genitive construction.

the Procession of Min, a harvest or fertility festival in which (a statue of) the god Min was conveyed out of his temple accompanied by a white bull


sḫm-nṯrw

sḫm (“power, cult image, incarnation”) + nṯrw (plural of nṯr (“god”)).

standard-like object in the form of a sekhem scepter with two eyes painted on the upper section


sḫm-pt

sḫm (“power, cult image, incarnation”) + pt (“sky”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Power of the sky’.


sḫm-tꜣwj

sḫm (“power, cult image, incarnation”) + tꜣwj (“the Two Lands, Egypt”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Power of the Two Lands’.

epithet for various gods, especially Wepwawet


sḫm-ꜥnḫ-jmn

desc

εἰκὼν ζῶσα τοῦ Διός

→ Ancient Greek: εἰκὼν ζῶσα τοῦ Διός (eikṑn zôsa toû Diós) (calque)

sḫm (“power, cult image, incarnation”) + ꜥnḫ (“living”) + jmn (“Amun”), thus ‘living image of Amun’.

af

epithet used as part of the name of various Ptolemaic pharaohs


ḥbs-bꜣg

From ḥbs (“(one that) clothes, covers, hides”) + bꜣg (“the weary”), thus ‘veiler of the weary’, with ‘the weary’ a euphemism for the dead.


nṯrj-ẖt

nṯrj (“divine”) + ẖt (“torso”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘(the one who is) divine of torso’. Alternatively, but perhaps less likely, if ẖt is to be interpreted with its other meaning of ‘group of gods’, the intended sense may be ‘divine one of the group of gods (i.e. the Ennead)’.

A serekh name notably borne by Djoser, a pharaoh of the Third Dynasty

A Two Ladies name notably borne by Djoser, a pharaoh of the Third Dynasty


sḫm-ẖt

sḫm (“powerful”) + ẖt (“torso”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘(the one who is) powerful of torso’. Alternatively, but perhaps less likely, if ẖt is to be interpreted with its other meaning of ‘group of gods’, the intended sense may be ‘powerful one of the group of gods (i.e. the Ennead)’.

A serekh name notably borne by Sekhemkhet, a pharaoh of the Third Dynasty


ḫꜥ-bꜣ

ḫꜥ (“rising, shining forth, appearing in glory”) + bꜣ (“active or efficacious power”) in a direct genitive construction, thus loosely ‘one whose active power appears in glory’ (literally ‘(one) appearing-in-glory of active power’).

A serekh name notably borne by Khaba, a pharaoh of the Third Dynasty


zꜣ-nḫt

zꜣ (“protector”) + nḫt (“strong, victorious”), thus ‘strong/victorious protector’.

A serekh name notably borne by Sanakht, a pharaoh of the Third Dynasty


nb-kꜣ

nb (“lord, possessor”) + kꜣ (“life-force, sustenance”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘possessor of life-force/sustenance’.

A throne name notably borne by Nebka, a pharaoh of the Third Dynasty


nswt-ḥw

nswt (“king”) + ḥw (“hitting, striking”), thus ‘the striking king’.

A throne name notably borne by Huni, a pharaoh of the Third Dynasty


ḥwnj

From ḥwj (“to hit, to strike”) + nj (an unidentified element).
The proper noun comes from the participle of the verb, thus ‘the hitting one’, ‘the striking one’, a posthumous variant of the king’s attested lifetime throne name nswt-ḥw (literally “the striking king”).


qꜣ-ḥḏt

qꜣ (“high”) + ḥḏt (“White Crown”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘(the one who is) high of White Crown’, i.e. ‘he whose White Crown is high’.

A serekh name notably borne by Qahedjet, a pharaoh of the Third Dynasty


nb-mꜣꜥt

From nb (“lord, possessor”) + mꜣꜥt (“righteousness, truth”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘possessor of righteousness/truth’.

A serekh name notably borne by Sneferu, a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty

A Two Ladies name notably borne by Sneferu, a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty


nb-mꜣꜥt-snfr-wj

From nb-mꜣꜥt (“possessor of righteousness/truth”) + snfr (“to make pleasing, fine, beautiful”) + wj (“me”), thus ‘the possessor of righteousness has made me fine’.


mḏdw

From mḏd (“to strike true, to stay true to, to drive in, to share out, to impose as an obligation”) + -w. The exact sense is disputed, with a number of proposed hypotheses, but it must certainly be related to Khufu’s Two Ladies name mḏd-r-nbtj, itself of disputed interpretation. Baud takes the term as an active participle synonymous with the epithet šzp-mḏd.f (“(he who) receives his dues”), or alternatively suggests an interpretation such as ‘he who reaches the goal’, but rejects earlier suggestions by Montet (‘he who imposes’), Sethe (‘faithful, attached’), Barta (‘he who is guided, directed’), and Gundlach (‘he who shares out’). Leprohon interprets it as a passive participle, ‘[he] who has been adhered to/followed’ (= ‘stayed true to’).

A serekh name notably borne by Khufu, a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty


mḏd-r-nbtj

From mḏd (“to strike true, to stay true to, to drive in, to share out, to impose as an obligation”) + r (“concerning, according to, facing, against, etc.”) + nbtj (“the Two Ladies, i.e. the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet”). The exact sense is disputed, with a number of proposed hypotheses, but it must certainly be related to Khufu’s serekh name mḏdw, itself of disputed interpretation; a phrase attested in the Coffin Texts CT VI, §307x–308b, may also feature a related construction: jn [N.N.] jr mḏdwt nbtj (“It was [N.N.] who undertook the sharing out of the two crowns (literally, “Two Ladies”)”). Gundlach proposed a meaning of ‘he who shares out in accordance with the Two Ladies’, which Baud rejected in favor of ‘he who receives his dues in accordance with the Two Ladies’. Leprohon instead suggested ‘[he] who has adhered to the Two Ladies’, though this interpretation leaves the preposition unexplained, as mḏd normally takes the thing being stayed true to as a direct object.

A Two Ladies name notably borne by Khufu, a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty


ẖnmw-ḫw.f-wj

ẖnmw (“Khnum”) + ḫw (“shall protect”, subjunctive mood of ḫwj (“to protect”)) + .f (“he”) + wj (“me”), thus literally ’Khnum, he shall protect me’.

subjunctive mood of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ḫwj</i> (“to protect”)

A throne name notably borne by Khufu, a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty


rꜥ-ḏd.f

/rɑː d͡ʒɛdʔɛf/

From rꜥ (“Ra”) + ḏd (“stability, lastingness”) + .f (“his”), thus ‘Ra is his lastingness’. Possibly, if the name is written with honorific transposition, it could also be ḏd (“endures”) + .f (“he”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus ‘He endures, (namely) Ra’; however, both the Greek rendering of the name and the meaning support the former interpretation.

A throne name notably borne by Djedefre, a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty


mn-kꜣw-rꜥ

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Μυκερῖνος (Mukerînos), Μεγχέρης (Menkhérēs)

→ Latin: Mycerīnus

mn (“established”) + kꜣw (“life-forces”) + rꜥ (“Ra”) in two direct genitive constructions, thus ‘the established (one) of the life-forces of Ra’.

af

A throne name notably borne by Menkaure, a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty


špss-kꜣ.f

špss (“to be noble, august”) + kꜣ (“life-force, sustenance”) + .f (“his”), thus ‘his life-force is noble’.

A throne name notably borne by Shepseskaf, a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty


wsr-kꜣ.f

wsr (“to be(come) powerful”) + kꜣ (“life-force”) + .f (“his”), thus ‘his life-force is powerful’.

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Userkaf, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


sꜣḥ-wj-rꜥ

Leprohon interprets the name as sꜣḥ (“to endow”) + wj (“me”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus ‘Ra has endowed me’; others have interpreted the first part as a single passive participle, with a reading along the lines of sꜣḥw (“arrived at, reached”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus ‘(he who is) reached by Ra’.

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Sahure, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


nfr-jr-kꜣ-rꜥ

nfr (“pleasing, fine, good”) + jr (perfective relative form of jrj (“to do, to make”)) + kꜣ (“life-force, sustenance”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus ‘the fine one whom the life-force of Ra made’.

perfective relative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jrj</i> (“to do, to make”)

A throne name notably borne by Neferirkare Kakai, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


kꜣkꜣj

Unclear. Like many fifth-dynasty pharaohs’ birth names, this name may simply be a diminutive without any meaning of its own, perhaps of the pharaoh’s throne name nfr-jr-kꜣ-rꜥ (in which case it may not be the actual name given at birth). Alternatively, some have tentatively attempted to explain it as kꜣ (“life-force, sustenance”) + kꜣ + .j (“my”), thus ‘my life-force is a life-force’.

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Neferirkare Kakai, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


špss-kꜣ-rꜥ

špss (“to be noble, august”) + kꜣ (“life-force, sustenance”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus ‘the noble (one) of the life-force of Ra’.

A throne name notably borne by Shepseskare, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


nfr.f-rꜥ

The reading and interpretation of this name are disputed. Depending on the presence or absence of honorific transposition, rꜥ may be read as either following or preceding nfr.f. Furthermore, it is unclear if the f in this name is to be read as a suffix pronoun .f (“he, his”) or simply a phonetic complement to the sign for nfr. Verner has proposed that the name was originally intended to be read as rꜥ-nfr (“Ra is beautiful”) but was soon misconstrued as rꜥ-nfr.f (“Ra, he is beautiful”). Leprohon accepts this idea of a later misconstrual but reads the name with rꜥ at the end, so that the king’s name does not focus on the sun god but rather on the king himself; he proposes an analysis following the sequence of nfr (“to be pleasing, fine, good”) + .f (“he”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus ‘he is perfect [= fine] (in the manner of) Ra’ (from an original form nfr-rꜥ (“the perfection of Ra”)).

A throne name notably borne by Neferefre, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


jzj

Unclear. Like many fifth-dynasty pharaohs’ birth names, this name may simply be a diminutive without any meaning of its own.

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Neferefre, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


n-wsr-rꜥ

n(j) (“of, belonging to”) + wsr (“power”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus ‘(one) belonging to the power of Ra’.

A throne name notably borne by Nyuserre Ini, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


mn-kꜣw-ḥr

mn (“established”) + kꜣw (“life-forces”) + ḥr (“Horus”) in two direct genitive constructions, thus ‘the established (one) of the life-forces of Horus’.

A throne name notably borne by Menkauhor Kaiu, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


ḏd-kꜣ-ḥr

ḏd (“enduring, lasting”) + kꜣ (“life-force”) + ḥr (“Horus”) in two direct genitive constructions, thus ‘the enduring (one) of the life-force of Horus’.

A throne name notably borne by Djedkare Isesi, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


ḏd-kꜣ-rꜥ

/d͡ʒɛd kɑ rɑː/

ḏd (“enduring, lasting”) + kꜣ (“life-force”) + rꜥ (“Ra”) in two direct genitive constructions, thus ‘the enduring (one) of the life-force of Ra’.


jkꜣw-ḥr

Uncertain. Like many fifth-dynasty pharaohs’ birth names, this name may simply be a diminutive without any meaning of its own, perhaps of the pharaoh’s throne name mn-kꜣw-ḥr (in which case it may not be the actual name given at birth).

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Menkauhor Kaiu, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


jzzj

Uncertain. Like many fifth-dynasty pharaohs’ birth names, this name may simply be a diminutive without any meaning of its own. Alternatively, some have tentatively attempted to explain it as derived from the imperative verb jz (“go!”) as an expression possibly uttered by a midwife at the time of birth.

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Djedkare Isesi, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


wsr-kꜣ-rꜥ

wsr (“powerful”) + kꜣ (“life-force”) + rꜥ (“Ra”) in two direct genitive constructions, thus ‘the powerful (one) of the life-force of Ra’.

A throne name notably borne by Userkare, a pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty


ḥr-ḥrw

ḥr (“Horus”) + ḥrw (“Horuses, lesser Horus-gods”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Horus of the Horuses’.

epithet for various gods with a royal function

(usually) epithet for Horus in various forms, especially as Horus of Edfu

epithet for Ra in various forms, including Sobek-Ra and Ra of Edfu

(rare, attested only once) epithet for Osiris


ḥwt-ḥr-ḥrw

ḥwt (“enclosure”) + ḥr-ḥrw (“Horus of the Horuses”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘the enclosure of Horus of the Horuses’.


ḥr-wr

→ Ancient Greek: Ἁροῆρις (Haroêris)

ḥr (“Horus”) + wr (“great, elder”), thus ‘the elder Horus’, ‘Horus the Elder’.


ḥr-pꜣ-ẖrd

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ἁρποκράτης (Harpokrátēs)

→ English: Harpocrates

ḥr (“Horus”) + pꜣ (“the”) + ẖrd (“child”), thus ‘Horus the Child’.


ḥr-nḏ-jt.f

→ Ancient Greek: Ἁρενδώτης (Harendṓtēs)

ḥr (“Horus”) + nḏ (“protecting”) + jt (“father”) + .f (“his”), thus ‘Horus who protects his father’.


ḥr-zmꜣ-tꜣwj

→ Ancient Greek: Ἁρσομτους (Harsomtous)

ḥr (“Horus”) + zmꜣ (“uniting”) + tꜣwj (“the Two Lands, Egypt”), thus ‘Horus who unites the Two Lands (Egypt)’.


sꜣkꜣmꜣ

Aa18-Z1-k:A-mA-A-T14-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew שְׁכֶם (šəḵem).

Shechem, Sichem (an ancient Canaanite city in Samaria, near modern Nablus, Palestine)


jpq

i-p*q:N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew אֲפֵק (ʾăp̄ḗq).

Aphek (an ancient Canaanite city, known as Antipatris during the Roman period)


knj

k:n-i m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew גִּנָּה (ginnāh).

Gina (an ancient Canaanite settlement, identified with modern-day Jenin)


qꜣḏꜣr

q-A-DA-A-r:Z1-T14-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew גֶּזֶר (gézer).

Gezer (an ancient Canaanite city in the Shephelah region)


ḥwḏꜣr

Hw:Y1-DA-A-r*Z1:N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew חָצוֹר (ḥāṣôr).

bor

Hebrew חָצוֹר (ḥāṣôr)

Hazor (an important ancient Canaanite city in the Upper Galilee)


gꜣḏꜣty

g-A-DA-A-ti-i-i-T14-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew עַזָּה (ʿazzāh).


bꜣtj-šꜣr

b-bA-A-ti-i-pr:SA-A-r:Z1-T14:N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew בֵּית שְׁאָן (bêṯ šəʾān).

בֵּית שְׁאָן

Hebrew בֵּית שְׁאָן (bêṯ šəʾān)

Beit She'an (an ancient Canaanite city in northern Israel)


rkjšꜣ

r-Z1-k:y-SA-A-T14-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew לָכִישׁ (lāḵīš).

Hebrew לָכִישׁ (lāḵīš)


šꜣrḥꜣnꜣ

SA-r:Z1-HA-n:A m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew שָׁרוּחֶן (šārûḥen).

Hebrew שָׁרוּחֶן (šārûḥen)

Sharuhen (an ancient Hyksos settlement in the Negev)


sꜣwkꜣ

Aa18-w-kA*Z1:N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew שֹׂכֹה (śōḵōh).

Hebrew שֹׂכֹה (śōḵōh)

The vulture glyph may bean error for a quail chick


twjꜣr

t-w-i-A-r*Z1:N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew דֹּאר (dōʾr).


yḥm

i-i-N42-m-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew יַחַם (yaḥam).

Yaham (an ancient Canaanite city near Megiddo)


rmnn

r:mn-n:n-xAst m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

Borrowed from Semitic; compare Hebrew לְבָנוֹן (ləḇānôn).

cog

Hebrew לְבָנוֹן (ləḇānôn)


jww-ḥrjw-jb

jww (“islands”) + ḥrjw jb (“being in the midst”, literally “being upon the heart”).

af

(plural only) the stretches of alluvial land in the Nile delta separated by the arms of the river


wsjr-ḥp

Demotic: wsjr-ḥp

→ Ancient Greek: Σᾰ́ρᾱπῐς (Sắrāpĭs)

→ Latin: Serāpis

→ English: Serapis

→ Minaean: 𐩱𐩻𐩧𐩢𐩰 (ʾṯrḥf)


ꜥꜣrwnꜣ

aA:rw-n:A-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew עִירוֹן (ʿîrôn).

bor

Hebrew עִירוֹן (ʿîrôn)


bꜣṯ-ꜥnṯ

b-bA-T:O1-a:n-T:N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

/bɑt͡ʃ ɑːnɛt͡ʃ/

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew בֵּית עֲנָת (Bêt̲ ʿănāt̲).

Hebrew בֵּית עֲנָת (Bêt̲ ʿănāt̲)


bꜣtj-ḥwꜣrwn

G53-Z1-ti-H-wA-A-rw:n:N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew בֵּית חוֹרוֹן (Bêt̲ ḥôrôn).

בֵּית חוֹרוֹן

Hebrew בֵּית חוֹרוֹן (Bêt̲ ḥôrôn)


ḥwrwnꜣ

Hauron, an Egyptian god, originating in the Canaanite pantheon, whose center of worship was in Giza.


qbꜥw

q-b-a-w m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew גֶּבַע (Geb̲aʿ).


rpwḥw

r:Z1-p-w-Hw:Y1-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

From Northwest Semitic. Compare Hebrew רָפִיחַ (Rāp̲îaḥ).

Hebrew רָפִיחַ (Rāp̲îaḥ)


ršpw

Ultimately from Eblaite 𒀭𒊏𒊓𒀊 (ra-sa-ap). Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎗𐎌𐎔 (ršp), and Hebrew רֶשֶׁף.


jwn-wr

From jwn (“air, wind, seen as holding up the sky”) + wr (“great”), thus ‘the Great Air’, ‘the Great Supporter (of the sky)’.


jwnw-šmꜥw

iwn-nw:niwt-M27-niwt m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

Demotic: jwnw-šmꜥ

jwnw (“Heliopolis”) + šmꜥw (“Upper Egypt”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘the Heliopolis of Upper Egypt’.


jb-n-rꜥ

From jb (“heart, mind, intellect”) + n(j) (“of”) + rꜥ (“Ra”).


st-jb-rꜥ

From st-jb (“favorite place”) + rꜥ (“Ra”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘favorite place of Ra’.


jbht

a region in the south of the Eastern Desert toward Lower Nubia, likely located in the Wadi Hammamat or the Wadi Allaqi or encompassing both


ḥwt-jbṯt

From ḥwt (“enclosure”) + jbṯt (“bird trap”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “enclosure of the bird trap”.


jp-jb

From jp (“counting, assessing, shrewd, judicious”, perfective active participle of jp (“to count, to assess, to assign, to be(come) judicious”)) + jb (“heart, mind”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “shrewd of mind”. The divine epithet can alternatively be understood with jb as the object of jp, thus “(one who is) assessing the heart/mind”, “assessor of the heart/mind”.

jp <t:counting, assessing, shrewd, judicious><pos:perfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jp</i> (“to count, to assess, to assign, to be(come) judicious”)>

epithet for the god Thoth, and occasionally other gods


ḫntj-jpt.f

From ḫntj (“foremost, being in front of”) + jpt (“Luxor, inner sanctum”) + .f (“his”), thus “(the one) presiding over his inner sanctum/Luxor”.


jmn-m-jpt

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀμένωφις (Aménōphis)

desc

→ Middle Babylonian: [Term?] (/amanappa/)

From jmn (“Amun”) + m (“in”) + jpt (“Luxor, inner sanctum”), thus “Amun in Luxor”, “Amun in the inner sanctum”. The personal name is probably to be interpreted as an adverbial sentence, “Amun is in Luxor”.

af

the form of the god Amun worshipped at Luxor


jmn-jpt

From jmn (“Amun”) + jpt (“Luxor, inner sanctum”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “Amun of Luxor”, “Amun of the inner sanctum”.

Synonym of jmn-m-jpt (“the form of the god Amun worshipped at Luxor”)


jmt

Buto, a city in the eastern Nile delta, modern Tell Nebesha or Tell el-Farʿun


jmj-wt

Demotic: m-wyt, m-wyṱ

Perhaps from jmj (“(one) being in”) + wt (“bandage, mummy wrapping”), although other interpretations have also been suggested.

the Imiut fetish, the symbol or fetish of Anubis consisting of a stuffed headless animal skin tied face-down to a pole, with its tail terminating in a lotus bud at the top


ḥqꜣ-jmj-pr

HqA-q-imi:im-pr:Z1- Y1 (canonical masculine)

From ḥqꜣ (“ruler”) + jmt-pr (“estate, bequest, will”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘ruler of the bequest’, in reference to the kingship mythologically bequeathed from Geb to Osiris and thereby to Horus. The term jmt-pr appears in its typical Greco-Roman Period form jmj-pr.


sḫt-jmꜣw

From sḫt (“field”) + jmꜣw (“a kind of tree”, in the plural) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “field of ima-trees”.

jmꜣ <alt:jmꜣw><t:a kind of tree><pos:in the plural>

the oases found west of the Nile delta collectively, sometimes in particular the Siwa Oasis


ḥqꜣ-jmꜣḫ

From ḥqꜣ (“ruler”) + jmꜣḫ (“dignity, honor, reverence”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “ruler of reverence”.


jmn-rn

From jmn (“hidden”) + rn (“name”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘hidden of name’, i.e. ‘he whose name is hidden’.

a minor god mentioned in old religious texts


jmn-m-jpt-swt

From jmn (“Amun”) + m (“in”) + jpt-swt (“Karnak”), thus “Amun in Karnak”.

the form of the god Amun worshipped at Karnak