nfr-kꜣ-rꜥ

nfr (“pleasing, fine, good”) + kꜣ (“ka”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus literally ‘the fine (one) of the ka of Ra’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

a male given name, Neferkare or Neferkara

A throne name notably borne by Pepi II Neferkare, a pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty


snd

Probably from snḏ (“fear”), thus ‘the frightful (one)’.

A throne name notably borne by Senedj, a pharaoh of the Second Dynasty


sḫm-jb-pr.n-mꜣꜥt

If pr.n is the perfect form of prj, the name consists of sḫm (“powerful, (of the heart/mind) daring, audacious”) + jb (“heart, mind”) + pr.n (“has gone forth”) + mꜣꜥt (“Maat”), thus ‘(the one) daring of heart (for whom) Maat has come forth’. However, pr.n can also be interpreted as a participle and a preposition, pr n (“going forth for”), in which case the name would mean ‘(the one) daring of heart going forth for Maat’.

af

A serekh name notably borne by Sekhemib-Perenmaat, a pharaoh of the Second Dynasty

A Two Ladies name notably borne by Sekhemib-Perenmaat, a pharaoh of the Second Dynasty


stẖ-pr-jb.sn

stẖ (“Set”) + pr (“to come forth”) + (.w) (third-person masculine singular stative ending) + jb (“heart, will”) + .sn (“their”), thus literally ‘Set, their will has come forth’, possibly implying ‘Set, (for whom) their will has come forth’, but the exact meaning is unclear.

A serekh name notably borne by Seth-Peribsen, a pharaoh of the Second Dynasty


nꜥꜥ

n:a:a-Y4 2ae gem. (canonical)
nꜥꜥ (infinitive)
nꜥꜥ (infinitive negative)
nꜥꜥt (infinitive)
nꜥꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
nꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
nꜥꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
nꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
nꜥꜥ (stative)
nꜥ (stative)
ḥr nꜥꜥ (imperfective)
m nꜥꜥ (imperfective)
r nꜥꜥ (prospective)
nꜥꜥ.n (active perfect)
nꜥ.n (active perfect)
nꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
nꜥꜥt (active terminative)
nꜥ (active perfective)
nꜥꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
nꜥꜥ (active imperfective)
nꜥꜥ (active prospective)
nꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
nꜥ (active subjunctive)
nꜥ.n (active participle perfect)
nꜥ (active participle perfective)
nꜥ (participle passive perfective)
nꜥw (participle passive perfective)
nꜥy (participle passive perfective)
nꜥꜥ (active imperfective participle)
nꜥꜥy (active imperfective participle)
nꜥꜥw (active imperfective participle)
nꜥꜥj (active imperfective participle)
nꜥꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
nꜥꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
nꜥ (active participle prospective)
nꜥtj (active participle prospective)
nꜥꜥtj (participle prospective)
nꜥꜥt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

nꜥꜥt

nꜥꜥ.n.tj1, nꜥ.n.tj1, nꜥꜥ.n.tw2, nꜥ.n.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">nꜥ</i> before suffix pronouns.

(intransitive) to be smooth or finely ground


smr-ẖt

smr (“royal friend, courtier”) + ẖt (“group of gods”), literally ‘companion of the group of gods (i.e. the Ennead)’.

af

A serekh name notably borne by Semerkhet, a pharaoh of the First Dynasty


jwyt

jwyt (singular)
jwytj (dual)
jwywt (plural)

(in the plural) streets, public places collectively


jwyt

I am free of wrongdoing. (literally, “There is no wrongdoing of mine.”)

m-E9:t-w ― m jw(y)t ― through wrongdoing; wrongfully

aq-q:D54-n:E9-w-t-nDs:Z2 ― ꜥq n jw(y)t ― to fall into wrongdoing

E9-w-i-i-t:nDs-O35:nDs-s-y:E9-w-r:ww-D54-tA:m-Htp:Z2-Xr:r-nb:Z1:f
jwyt zb(.w) sjw(w) rw.w tꜣ m ḥtpw ẖr nb.f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 23

Wrongdoing has gone, the Slanderer has departed, and the land is in peace under its lord.


jwḥ

E9-w-H-mw-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
jwḥ (infinitive)
jwḥw (infinitive negative)
jwḥ (infinitive negative)
jwḥt (infinitive)
jwḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
jwḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
jwḥ (stative)
ḥr jwḥ (imperfective)
m jwḥ (imperfective)
r jwḥ (prospective)
jwḥ.n (active perfect)
jwḥw (passive perfect)
jwḥ (passive perfect)
jwḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jwḥt (terminative)
jwḥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jwḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jwḥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jwḥ (active prospective)
jwḥḥ (passive prospective)
jwḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jwḥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jwḥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jwḥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jwḥ (active participle perfective)
jwḥ (participle passive perfective)
jwḥw (participle passive perfective)
jwḥy (participle passive perfective)
jwḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
jwḥy (active imperfective participle relative)
jwḥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jwḥ (active imperfective participle)
jwḥj (active imperfective participle)
jwḥy (active imperfective participle)
jwḥ (imperfective participle passive)
jwḥw (imperfective participle passive)
jwḥ (active participle prospective relative)
jwḥtj (active participle prospective relative)
jwḥtj (participle prospective)
jwḥt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

jwḥt

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.

(transitive) to moisten, to wet (something) (+ m: with)

(transitive) to water (plants, fields, barren land), including by flood

(transitive) to sprinkle or apply (a liquid healing substance) (+ m: on or in)

(transitive) to make an offering of (water, beer, or another liquid)

(intransitive) to weep, to cry, to mourn


sdm

s-d-m-D7 3-lit. (canonical)
sdm (infinitive)
sdmw (infinitive negative)
sdm (infinitive negative)
sdmt (infinitive)
sdm (imperative infinitive singular)
sdm (imperative infinitive plural)
sdm (stative)
ḥr sdm (imperfective)
m sdm (imperfective)
r sdm (prospective)
sdm.n (active perfect)
sdmw (passive perfect)
sdm (passive perfect)
sdm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sdmt (terminative)
sdm (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sdm.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sdm (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sdm (active prospective)
sdmm (passive prospective)
sdm.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sdm (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sdm.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sdm (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sdm (active participle perfective)
sdm (participle passive perfective)
sdmw (participle passive perfective)
sdmy (participle passive perfective)
sdm (active imperfective participle relative)
sdmy (active imperfective participle relative)
sdmw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sdm (active imperfective participle)
sdmj (active imperfective participle)
sdmy (active imperfective participle)
sdm (imperfective participle passive)
sdmw (imperfective participle passive)
sdm (active participle prospective relative)
sdmtj (active participle prospective relative)
sdmtj (participle prospective)
sdmt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to put makeup on (a part of the body, particularly the eyelids)

(transitive) to apply medicinal salves to (a part of the body, particularly the eyelids)

(intransitive) to apply medicinal salves


sdm

sdm (singular)
sdmwj (dual)
sdmw (plural)

Demotic: stem, stm

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲥⲑⲏⲙ (esthēm)

desctree

→ Arabic: إثمد (ʾiṯmid)
→ Latin: antimonium
→ English: antimony

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲧⲏⲙ (stēm)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: στίμμι (stímmi), στίβι (stíbi)

→ Latin: stibium

→ English: stibium, stibnite

(uncommon) makeup, especially for the eyelids; eyepaint


jwdnb

a:A1-ini-n:t-n:k\-i-b-E8-i-N33C:Z2ss-H-k\:n-nw-W-N33C:Z2ss-D54-w-d:n-b-N33C:Z2ss-X:z-A-i-i-t-N33C:Z2ss-!-sn-n:t-r-tr-N33C:Z2ss-n-Aa16*Z1:Z2-pr-Z2ss-s-Htp:t-p-w-Y2-nTr-Z1-nb-i-m-f
dj.j jn.t(w) n.k jbj ḥknw jwdnb ẖsꜣyt sntr n(j) gsw prw sḥtpw nṯr nb jm.f

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 140–142

I will have them bring you laudanum, ḥknw-oil, jwdnb-incense, cassia, and the incense of the temple storerooms, with which every god is made content.


sꜣngꜣr

Aa18*Z1:n-g-A-r m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)


qꜥḥ

qꜥḥ (singular)
qꜥḥwj (dual)
qꜥḥw (plural)


ẖrt-ꜥ

head

<hiero>Xr:r:t-</hiero>

 <hiero>a</hiero>

Xr:r:t- a (canonical feminine)
ẖrt-ꜥ (singular)
ẖrtj-ꜥ (dual)
ẖrwt-ꜥ (plural)

ẖrt (“(thing) being under”) + ꜥ (“arm”).

small wooden box used to hold scrolls and scribal implements


nꜣḏꜣrw

nꜣḏꜣrw (singular)
nꜣḏꜣrwwj (dual)
nꜣḏꜣrww (plural)


qdšw

Aa28-d:S-w-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)


ṯwfj

Demotic: ḏwf

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲟⲟⲩϥ (čoouf)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ϭⲟⲛϥ (conf), ϭⲟⲙϥ (comf)

→ Hebrew: סוּף

(Late Egyptian, uncountable) papyrus plant(s)

(Late Egyptian, uncountable) area where papyrus grows; papyrus marsh


.twn

t-W-n:n:Z2 pl 2. suffix pronoun (canonical)


sꜣrꜣqw

Borrowed from Semitic, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *ṯalg-; compare Hebrew שֶׁלֶג (šéleḡ), Akkadian 𒊭𒆷𒄖 (šalgu).


𓅬

Representing a waterfowl of uncertain species, likely the same as that referred to by the word ꜣpd in its stricter sense, or perhaps simply an abstraction intended to represent a prototypical waterfowl (and therefore bird). Gardiner considered it the white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons), but only one existing example of this hieroglyph shows details that certainly establish it to be of this species, so this may be attributable to an idiosyncrasy of a particular scribe. Other authors instead argue that the glyph is a duck on the basis of Faulkner’s arguments regarding the original meaning of ꜣpd.
The phonetic value of gb is derived by the rebus principle from its use as the determinative for a kind of goose, gbb.

Determinative for kinds of waterfowl, as in ꜣpd, rꜣ, ṯrp, gbb.

(in hieratic texts) Determinative for birds and insects in general.

Phonetic determinative
phonetic determinative#English

Phonetic determinative in various verbs: wfꜣ (“to discuss”), wzf (“to be(come) idle”), wdfj (“to be(come) late”), ḥtm (“to perish”).


šmm

S-m-m-Q7 2ae gem. (canonical)
šmm (infinitive)
šmm (infinitive negative)
šmmt (infinitive)
šmm (imperative infinitive singular)
šm (imperative infinitive singular)
šmm (imperative infinitive plural)
šm (imperative infinitive plural)
šmm (stative)
šm (stative)
ḥr šmm (imperfective)
m šmm (imperfective)
r šmm (prospective)
šmm.n (active perfect)
šm.n (active perfect)
šm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
šmmt (active terminative)
šm (active perfective)
šmm.ḫr (active obligative)
šmm (active imperfective)
šmm (active prospective)
šm.kꜣ (active potential)
šm (active subjunctive)
šm.n (active participle perfect)
šm (active participle perfective)
šm (participle passive perfective)
šmw (participle passive perfective)
šmy (participle passive perfective)
šmm (active imperfective participle)
šmmy (active imperfective participle)
šmmw (active imperfective participle)
šmmj (active imperfective participle)
šmm (imperfective participle passive)
šmmw (imperfective participle passive)
šm (active participle prospective)
šmtj (active participle prospective)
šmmtj (participle prospective)
šmmt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

šmmt

šmm.n.tj1, šm.n.tj1, šmm.n.tw2, šm.n.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">šm</i> before suffix pronouns.

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲙⲁⲙ (xmam)

Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲙⲟⲙ (xmom)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲙⲁⲙ (hmam)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲙⲁⲙ (hmam)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲙⲟⲙ (hmom), ϣⲙⲟⲙ (šmom)

Possibly cognate with Arabic حَمِيم (ḥamīm, “hot”), Hebrew חַם (ḥam, “hot”).


mẖtw

guts, entrails, especially the intestines


tꜣj

t:A-y f sg demonstrative determiner (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jtn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
py (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jtw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (copulative determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular vocative)
pwy (copulative determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular vocative)
tw (copulative determiner feminine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular vocative)
twy (copulative determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular vocative)
nw (copulative determiner plural pronoun)
nw (determiner plural pronoun vocative)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (adverb pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (adverb determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (determiner masculine possessive)
tꜣy (determiner feminine possessive)
nꜣy (determiner plural possessive)
dj (adverb determiner possessive)
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (adverb possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (adverb article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (adverb article indefinite)

Coptic: ⲧⲁⲓ̈ (taï), ⲧⲉ (te)


nwḥ

nwḥ (singular)
nwḥwj (dual)
nwḥw (plural)

Demotic: nwḥ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲟϩ (noh)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϩ (nouh)


nꜣj

n:A-y pl demonstrative determiner (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jtn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
py (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jtw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (copulative determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular vocative)
pwy (copulative determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular vocative)
tw (copulative determiner feminine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular vocative)
twy (copulative determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular vocative)
nw (copulative determiner plural pronoun)
nw (determiner plural pronoun vocative)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (adverb pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (adverb determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (determiner masculine possessive)
tꜣy (determiner feminine possessive)
nꜣy (determiner plural possessive)
dj (adverb determiner possessive)
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (adverb possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (adverb article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (adverb article indefinite)

Coptic: ⲛⲁⲓ̈ (naï), ⲛⲉ (ne)


ꜥnb

a:n-b-Hn (canonical masculine)
ꜥnb (singular)
ꜥnbwj (dual)
ꜥnbw (plural)

Old Coptic: ἀνουφί

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE

Perhaps a noun of instrument from the verb ꜥnb (“to close, to twine around”), as proposed by Osing; however, the meaning of this verb is not entirely clear.

Egyptian halfa grass, salt reedgrass (Desmostachya bipinnata)


ḫḫ

Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲁϧ (xax)

x:r-A15:n-i-b-E8-t-A2-A-s-V2:D54-n:f-w-!-n:t-b-Z6-k\-w-A1-x:x-F11-A1-x-m-w-P5
ḫr.n jbt ꜣs.n.f w(j) ntb.kw ḫḫ.j ḫm.w

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 21–22

Thirst fell and overtook me so that I was parched and my throat was like dust.


nꜣyw

n:A-i-i-Z3A pl demonstrative pronoun (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jtn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
py (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jtw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (copulative determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular vocative)
pwy (copulative determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular vocative)
tw (copulative determiner feminine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular vocative)
twy (copulative determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular vocative)
nw (copulative determiner plural pronoun)
nw (determiner plural pronoun vocative)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (adverb pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (adverb determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (determiner masculine possessive)
tꜣy (determiner feminine possessive)
nꜣy (determiner plural possessive)
dj (adverb determiner possessive)
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (adverb possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (adverb article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (adverb article indefinite)

Coptic: ⲛⲁ- (na-), ⲛⲟⲩ⸗ (nou⸗)

(Late Egyptian, with following noun) they of, these of, those of


p-n

p:n m sg demonstrative pronoun (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jtn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
py (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jtw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (copulative determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular vocative)
pwy (copulative determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular vocative)
tw (copulative determiner feminine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular vocative)
twy (copulative determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular vocative)
nw (copulative determiner plural pronoun)
nw (determiner plural pronoun vocative)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (adverb pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (adverb determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (determiner masculine possessive)
tꜣy (determiner feminine possessive)
nꜣy (determiner plural possessive)
dj (adverb determiner possessive)
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (adverb possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (adverb article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (adverb article indefinite)

Coptic: ⲡⲁ- (pa-), ⲡⲱ⸗ (pō⸗)

Contracted from pꜣ (“the, this”) + n(j) (“of”).

(Late Egyptian, with following noun) he of, this of, that of


nhꜣy

n:h-A-i-i-y:nDs (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jtn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
py (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jtw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (copulative determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular vocative)
pwy (copulative determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular vocative)
tw (copulative determiner feminine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular vocative)
twy (copulative determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular vocative)
nw (copulative determiner plural pronoun)
nw (determiner plural pronoun vocative)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (adverb pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (adverb determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (determiner masculine possessive)
tꜣy (determiner feminine possessive)
nꜣy (determiner plural possessive)
dj (adverb determiner possessive)
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (adverb possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (adverb article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (adverb article indefinite)

Akhmimic Coptic: ϩⲉⲛ- (hen-), ϩⲛ- (hn-)

Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲁⲛ- (han-)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲉⲛ- (hen-), ϩⲛ- (hn-)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲉⲛ- (hen-), ϩⲛ- (hn-)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲉⲛ- (hen-), ϩⲛ- (hn-)

From earlier nhj (“some, a few, a little”).

(Late Egyptian) the plural indefinite article


ḫbzt

x-b-z:t-sd (canonical feminine)
ḫbzt (singular)
ḫbztj (dual)
ḫbzwt (plural)


nḥḏt

n:nH*H-D:t-bH (canonical feminine)
nḥḏt (singular)
nḥḏtj (dual)
nḥḏwt (plural)

Coptic:

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲁϫϩⲉ (načhe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲁϫϩⲓ (načhi)


t-nt

ti-n:t f sg demonstrative pronoun (canonical)
pn (determiner masculine proximal-to-speaker singular)
tn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jtn (determiner feminine proximal-to-speaker singular)
jpnj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-speaker)
jptnj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-speaker)
jpn (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-speaker)
jptn (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-speaker)
nn (pronoun proximal-to-speaker)
pf (determiner distal masculine singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine singular)
jpfj (determiner distal dual masculine)
jptfj (determiner distal dual feminine)
jpf (determiner distal masculine plural)
jptf (determiner distal feminine plural)
nf (distal pronoun)
pj (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
pw (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
py (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
p (determiner masculine proximal-to-topic singular)
tj (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
tw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jtw (determiner feminine proximal-to-topic singular)
jpwj (determiner dual masculine proximal-to-topic)
jptwj (determiner dual feminine proximal-to-topic)
jpw (determiner masculine plural proximal-to-topic)
jptw (determiner feminine plural proximal-to-topic)
nw (pronoun proximal-to-topic)
pꜣ (determiner masculine singular vocative)
tꜣ (determiner feminine singular vocative)
nꜣ (pronoun vocative)
ꜥꜣ (adverb vocative)
pn (determiner masculine pronoun proximal singular)
tn (determiner feminine pronoun proximal singular)
nn (determiner plural pronoun proximal)
ꜥn (adverb proximal)
pf (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
pfꜣ (determiner distal masculine pronoun singular)
tf (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
tfꜣ (determiner distal feminine pronoun singular)
nf (determiner distal plural pronoun)
nfꜣ (determiner distal plural pronoun)
ꜥf (adverb distal)
pw (copulative determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pw (determiner masculine pronoun singular vocative)
pwy (copulative determiner masculine pronoun singular)
pwy (determiner masculine pronoun singular vocative)
tw (copulative determiner feminine pronoun singular)
tw (determiner feminine pronoun singular vocative)
twy (copulative determiner feminine pronoun singular)
twy (determiner feminine pronoun singular vocative)
nw (copulative determiner plural pronoun)
nw (determiner plural pronoun vocative)
pꜣ (anaphoric determiner masculine pronoun singular)
tꜣ (anaphoric determiner feminine pronoun singular)
nꜣ (anaphoric determiner plural pronoun)
ꜥꜣ (adverb anaphoric)
pꜣw (pronoun)
dj (adverb pronoun)
pꜣj (determiner masculine pronoun)
tꜣj (determiner feminine pronoun)
nꜣj (determiner plural pronoun)
dj (adverb determiner pronoun)
pꜣy (determiner masculine possessive)
tꜣy (determiner feminine possessive)
nꜣy (determiner plural possessive)
dj (adverb determiner possessive)
p-n (masculine possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (masculine possessive pronoun)
t-nt (feminine possessive pronoun)
tꜣ (feminine possessive pronoun)
nꜣyw (plural possessive pronoun)
nꜣ (plural possessive pronoun)
dj (adverb possessive pronoun)
pꜣ (article definite masculine)
tꜣ (article definite feminine)
nꜣ (article definite plural)
dj (adverb article definite)
wꜥ (article indefinite)
nhꜣy (article indefinite plural)
dj (adverb article indefinite)

Coptic: ⲧⲁ- (ta-), ⲧⲱ⸗ (tō⸗)

Contracted from tꜣ (“the, this”) + nt (“of”).

(Late Egyptian, with following noun) she of, this of, that of


kꜣm

kꜣm (singular)
kꜣmwj (dual)
kꜣmw (plural)

Demotic: kꜣm

Coptic: ϭⲱⲙ (cōm)

→ Arabic: كَرْم (karm)

→ Aramaic: כַּרְמָא (karmā)

→ Hebrew: כֶּרֶם (kérem)

→ Ugaritic: 𐎋𐎗𐎎 (krm)

From an earlier form kꜣnw before undergoing a sound change that caused the coalescence of the two final consonants into m.


gstj

gs:t-ti-i-xt (canonical masculine)
gstj (singular)
gstjwj (dual)
gstjw (plural)

Demotic: gst

Coptic: ϭⲁⲥⲧ (cast), ϭⲟⲥⲧ (cost)

→? Hebrew: קֶסֶת


ḏꜥnt

Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲁⲛⲓ (čani)

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲁⲁⲛⲉ (čaane)

→ Ancient Greek: Τάνις (Tánis)

→ Latin: Tanis

→ English: Tanis

→ Hebrew: צֹעַן (ṣōʿan)

→ Arabic: صَان (ṣān)

/ˈt͡ʃʼuʕnaʔ/

/ˈt͡ʃʼuʕnaʔ/


bꜣk-n-rn.f

→ Ancient Greek: Βόκχωρις (Bókkhōris), Βοχορῖνις (Bokhorînis), Βόκχορις (Bókkhoris)

→ Neo-Assyrian: [script needed] (bu-kur-ni-ni-ip)

/ˌbaːʔək nəˈɾiːnəf/

/ˌβoːʔək ənˈɾiːnəf/

/ˌbaːʔək nəˈɾiːnəf/

/ˌβoːʔək ənˈɾiːnəf/

bꜣk (“servant”) + n(j) (“of”) + rn (“name”) + .f (“his”), thus ‘servant of his name’.

af

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Bakenranef, a pharaoh of the Twenty-fourth Dynasty


ṯb-nṯr

nTr-E9-t:niwt m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

desc

→ Akkadian: 𒌷𒂟𒉡𒋾 (ᵁᴿᵁṣab-nu-ti /ṣabnūti/), 𒍝𒉼𒉡𒌋𒋾 (ṣa-ban-nu-u-ti /ṣabannūti/)

→ Ancient Greek: Σεβέννυτος (Sebénnutos)

→ Latin: Sebennytus

Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲉⲙⲛⲟⲩϯ (čemnouti)

→ Arabic: سَمَنُّود (samannūd)

/tʃəβˈnoːtə/

/tʃəβˈnoːtə/

/t͡ʃɛb nɛt͡ʃɛr/

ṯb (“calf”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘calf of the god’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition. The Akkadian and Greek spellings may reflect ṯb n nṯr with an analytic genitive.

the twelfth nome of Lower Egypt, of which Sebennytos was the capital


jdmj

i-d-mi- (canonical masculine)
jdmj (singular)
jdmjwj (dual)
jdmjw (plural)

desctree

→ Hebrew: אֵטוּן (ʾēṭūn)
→ Ancient Greek: ὀθόνη (othónē) (or via another Semitic language)
Greek: οθόνη (othóni)

<-p-p-i-i->-p-w-wa:Z1-m-f:d:Z1*Z1*Z1*Z1-i-p-w-R8A-ms-w-gb-b-
-x:n:z-i-w-D54-Sma-x:n:z-i-w-D54-tA-HASH-HASH-a-aHa-a-w-Hr-D:a-m-wAs-wAs-wAs-s-n-
-wr:r-H-w-W2-HAt-t:t-W2-M42-n:x-w-S28-m-i--d--

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume V, Providence: Brown University, PT 576.24–576.27 (Pyr. 1510a–1511b), P

ppy pw wꜥ m (j)fd(w) jpw nṯrw msw gbb ḫnzjw šmꜥ ḫnzjw tꜣ [mḥw] ꜥḥꜥw ḥr ḏꜥmw.sn wrḥw ḥꜣtt wnḫw m jdmj ꜥnḫyw m dꜣb zwrjw jrp

wD-w-Hm-f-q:r-s-T20-Q6-f-
-r-di-n:f-q-s-T20-t:Q6-m-O2-O2-
-d-mi-G7-
-aA-A-wr:r:t-
-nTr--sn--T:N33A
wḏ ḥm.f qrs.f rḏj n.f qrst m prwj-ḥḏ (j)dmj ꜥꜣ wrt [s]nṯr

6th Dynasty, Giza, Western Cemetery, Shaft G 2188 Y, Block of sunk relief inscription mentioning the dog Abutiu (35-10-22/Cairo JE 67573), lines 3–6

His Majesty commanded that he be buried, that he be given a burial from the two treasuries and very much fine linen and incense.


ḏnb

D:n-b-Z9:D54 3-lit. (canonical)
ḏnb (infinitive)
ḏnbw (infinitive negative)
ḏnb (infinitive negative)
ḏnbt (infinitive)
ḏnb (imperative infinitive singular)
ḏnb (imperative infinitive plural)
ḏnb (stative)
ḥr ḏnb (imperfective)
m ḏnb (imperfective)
r ḏnb (prospective)
ḏnb.n (active perfect)
ḏnb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḏnbt (active terminative)
ḏnb (active perfective)
ḏnb.ḫr (active obligative)
ḏnb (active imperfective)
ḏnb (active prospective)
ḏnb.kꜣ (active potential)
ḏnb (active subjunctive)
ḏnb.n (active participle perfect)
ḏnb (active participle perfective)
ḏnb (participle passive perfective)
ḏnbw (participle passive perfective)
ḏnby (participle passive perfective)
ḏnb (active imperfective participle)
ḏnby (active imperfective participle)
ḏnbw (active imperfective participle)
ḏnbj (active imperfective participle)
ḏnb (imperfective participle passive)
ḏnbw (imperfective participle passive)
ḏnb (active participle prospective)
ḏnbtj (active participle prospective)
ḏnbtj (participle prospective)
ḏnbt (participle prospective)

Possibly from Proto-Afroasiatic *ḳrb- or *ḳlb-; compare Arabic ق ل ب (q l b).


zꜣwtj

z:zA-A-w-t*y:niwt m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲓⲱⲟⲩⲧ (siōout)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲓⲟⲟⲩⲧ (sioout)


ḥrj-pḏt

ḥrj-pḏt (singular)
ḥrjwj-pḏt (dual)
ḥrjw-pḏt (plural)

/ħəɾəjˈpiːtʼa/

/ħəɾəjˈpiːtʼə/

/ħəɾəjˈpiːtʼa/

/ħəɾəjˈpiːtʼə/

ḥrj (“being above”) + pḏt (“bow (weapon)”), thus ‘(the one) over the bow’.

af

a high military rank; overseer of the troop


dwn

d-wn:n-D54 3-lit. (canonical)
dwn (infinitive)
dwnw (infinitive negative)
dwn (infinitive negative)
dwnt (infinitive)
dwn (imperative infinitive singular)
dwn (imperative infinitive plural)
dwn (stative)
ḥr dwn (imperfective)
m dwn (imperfective)
r dwn (prospective)
dwn.n (active perfect)
dwnw (passive perfect)
dwn (passive perfect)
dwn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
dwnt (terminative)
dwn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
dwn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
dwn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
dwn (active prospective)
dwnn (passive prospective)
dwn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
dwn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
dwn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
dwn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
dwn (active participle perfective)
dwn (participle passive perfective)
dwnw (participle passive perfective)
dwny (participle passive perfective)
dwn (active imperfective participle relative)
dwny (active imperfective participle relative)
dwnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
dwn (active imperfective participle)
dwnj (active imperfective participle)
dwny (active imperfective participle)
dwn (imperfective participle passive)
dwnw (imperfective participle passive)
dwn (active participle prospective relative)
dwntj (active participle prospective relative)
dwntj (participle prospective)
dwnt (participle prospective)

Demotic: twn

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲛ (tōn), ⲧⲱⲛⲉ (tōne)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ (tōoun), ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛⲟⲩ (tōounou)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ (tōoun)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ (tōoun), ⲧⲱⲱⲛ (tōōn), ⲧⲱⲛ (tōn), ⲧⲱⲛⲉ (tōne)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲟⲩⲛ (tōoun), ⲧⲱⲱⲛ (tōōn)

From Proto-Afroasiatic *ṭVwl- (“long, far”); compare Arabic طَوِيل (ṭawīl, “tall, long”).

(intransitive) to be(come) stretched out


grgt

grgt (singular)
grgtj (dual)
grgwt (plural)

Demotic: grgt

Bohairic Coptic: ϭⲣⲏϫⲓ (crēči)

Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲣⲏϭⲉ (crēce)

/kʼəˈɾuːkʼa/

/kʼəˈɾeːkʼə/

/kʼəˈɾuːkʼa/

/kʼəˈɾeːkʼə/

grg (“to establish, to equip”) + -t. For the specific meaning, compare grg pr (“to found a household, to get married”).


wbḫ

w-b-x-Z9:Y1 3-lit. (canonical)
wbḫ (infinitive)
wbḫw (infinitive negative)
wbḫ (infinitive negative)
wbḫt (infinitive)
wbḫ (imperative infinitive singular)
wbḫ (imperative infinitive plural)
wbḫ (stative)
ḥr wbḫ (imperfective)
m wbḫ (imperfective)
r wbḫ (prospective)
wbḫ.n (active perfect)
wbḫ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
wbḫt (active terminative)
wbḫ (active perfective)
wbḫ.ḫr (active obligative)
wbḫ (active imperfective)
wbḫ (active prospective)
wbḫ.kꜣ (active potential)
wbḫ (active subjunctive)
wbḫ.n (active participle perfect)
wbḫ (active participle perfective)
wbḫ (participle passive perfective)
wbḫw (participle passive perfective)
wbḫy (participle passive perfective)
wbḫ (active imperfective participle)
wbḫy (active imperfective participle)
wbḫw (active imperfective participle)
wbḫj (active imperfective participle)
wbḫ (imperfective participle passive)
wbḫw (imperfective participle passive)
wbḫ (active participle prospective)
wbḫtj (active participle prospective)
wbḫtj (participle prospective)
wbḫt (participle prospective)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲃⲁⳉ (oubax)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲃⲉϣ (oubeš)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲃⲁϣ (oubaš)

(intransitive) to be(come) bright, to brighten


sḥḏw

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲉϩⲧ (seht)

(medicine) a bright discoloration as a symptom of disease or injury, including leucomas and burn wounds


ṯrt

ṯrt (singular)
ṯrtj (dual)
ṯrwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲑⲱⲣⲓ (thōri)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲱⲣⲉ (tōre)


jwn

jwn (singular)
jwnwj (dual)
jwnw (plural)

Demotic: jwn

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲟⲩⲉⲛ (eouen)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲟⲩⲁⲛ (aouan)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲟⲩⲏⲛ (aouēn), ⲁⲩⲁⲛ (auan)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲩⲁⲛ (auan), ⲁⲩⲉⲓⲛ (auein)

Perhaps from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *lwn-; compare Arabic لَوْن (lawn, “color, type”), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎐 (ản, “pigment”).


jwn

iwn (canonical masculine)
jwn (singular)
jwnwj (dual)
jwnw (plural)

one of the mythical pillars seen as holding up the sky

(figuratively) person upon whom someone or something else depends; crucial supporter, maintainer, sustainer, succorer


jwn

‘the Pillar’, ‘the Succorer’ as an epithet for gods, in the Greco-Roman Period especially for Osiris


jwn

air or wind, seen as a support holding up the sky


jwn

E9:n-G49 3-lit. (canonical)
jwn (infinitive)
jwnw (infinitive negative)
jwn (infinitive negative)
jwnt (infinitive)
jwn (imperative infinitive singular)
jwn (imperative infinitive plural)
jwn (stative)
ḥr jwn (imperfective)
m jwn (imperfective)
r jwn (prospective)
jwn.n (active perfect)
jwnw (passive perfect)
jwn (passive perfect)
jwn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jwnt (terminative)
jwn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jwn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jwn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jwn (active prospective)
jwnn (passive prospective)
jwn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jwn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jwn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jwn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jwn (active participle perfective)
jwn (participle passive perfective)
jwnw (participle passive perfective)
jwny (participle passive perfective)
jwn (active imperfective participle relative)
jwny (active imperfective participle relative)
jwnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jwn (active imperfective participle)
jwnj (active imperfective participle)
jwny (active imperfective participle)
jwn (imperfective participle passive)
jwnw (imperfective participle passive)
jwn (active participle prospective relative)
jwntj (active participle prospective relative)
jwntj (participle prospective)
jwnt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to unite (something) (+ n: with (something else))

(intransitive, with n or ḥnꜥ) to join (someone)


ḏmꜥ

ḏmꜥ (singular)
ḏmꜥwj (dual)
ḏmꜥw (plural)

Demotic: ḏmꜥ

Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲱⲙ (čōm)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ (čōōme)

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲱⲱⲙⲉ (čōōme)

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːmiʕ/

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːməʕ/

/ˈt͡ʃʼoːməʕ/

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːmiʕ/

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːməʕ/

/ˈt͡ʃʼoːməʕ/


ḫꜣrw

ḫꜣrw (singular)
ḫꜣrwwj (dual)
ḫꜣrww (plural)

Demotic: ẖl

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲉⲗ (xel)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲉⲗ (hel)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲁⲗ (hal)


zjnw

zjnw (singular)
zjnwwj (dual)
zjnww (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲥⲉⲉⲓⲛⲉ (seeine)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲏⲓⲛⲓ (sēini)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲥⲏⲓⲛⲓ (sēini), ⲥⲏⲉⲛ (sēen), ⲥⲏⲓⲛ (sēin)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲥⲉⲓⲛⲉ (seine)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲁⲉⲓⲛ (saein), ⲥⲁⲓⲛⲉ (saine)


qrf

q:r:f-V6-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
qrf (infinitive)
qrfw (infinitive negative)
qrf (infinitive negative)
qrft (infinitive)
qrf (imperative infinitive singular)
qrf (imperative infinitive plural)
qrf (stative)
ḥr qrf (imperfective)
m qrf (imperfective)
r qrf (prospective)
qrf.n (active perfect)
qrfw (passive perfect)
qrf (passive perfect)
qrf.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
qrft (terminative)
qrf (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
qrf.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
qrf (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
qrf (active prospective)
qrff (passive prospective)
qrf.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
qrf (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
qrf.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
qrf (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
qrf (active participle perfective)
qrf (participle passive perfective)
qrfw (participle passive perfective)
qrfy (participle passive perfective)
qrf (active imperfective participle relative)
qrfy (active imperfective participle relative)
qrfw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
qrf (active imperfective participle)
qrfj (active imperfective participle)
qrfy (active imperfective participle)
qrf (imperfective participle passive)
qrfw (imperfective participle passive)
qrf (active participle prospective relative)
qrftj (active participle prospective relative)
qrftj (participle prospective)
qrft (participle prospective)


ḏrj

Dr:r-i-G41-nDs 3ae inf. (canonical)
ḏrt (infinitive)
ḏrj (infinitive)
ḏrw (infinitive negative)
ḏr (infinitive negative)
ḏrwt (infinitive)
ḏryt (infinitive)
ḏr (imperative infinitive singular)
ḏr (imperative infinitive plural)
ḏry (imperative infinitive plural)
ḏr (stative)
ḏrr (stative)
ḥr ḏrt (imperfective)
ḥr ḏrj (imperfective)
m ḏrt (imperfective)
m ḏrj (imperfective)
r ḏrt (prospective)
r ḏrj (prospective)
ḏr.n (active perfect)
ḏrw (passive perfect)
ḏr (passive perfect)
ḏry (passive perfect)
ḏr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḏrt (terminative)
ḏryt (terminative)
ḏr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḏr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḏr (active imperfective)
ḏry (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḏrw (active prospective)
ḏr (active prospective)
ḏry (active prospective)
ḏrw (passive prospective)
ḏr (passive prospective)
ḏry (passive prospective)
ḏr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḏr (active subjunctive)
ḏry (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḏr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḏrw (active participle perfective relative)
ḏry (active participle perfective relative)
ḏr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḏr (active participle perfective)
ḏry (participle passive perfective)
ḏr (participle passive perfective)
ḏrr (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏrry (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏrrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḏrr (active imperfective participle)
ḏrrj (active imperfective participle)
ḏrry (active imperfective participle)
ḏrr (imperfective participle passive)
ḏrrw (imperfective participle passive)
ḏrw (active participle prospective relative)
ḏry (active participle prospective relative)
ḏr (active participle prospective relative)
ḏrtj (active participle prospective relative)
ḏrwtj (participle prospective)
ḏrtj (participle prospective)
ḏrt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ḏrt, ḏryt

ḏrw.tj1, ḏr.tj1, ḏry.tj1, ḏrw.tw2, ḏr.tw2, ḏry.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">-y</i> instead of the expected stative ending.

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


ẖn

Xn:n-D54 2-lit. (canonical)
ẖn (infinitive)
ẖnw (infinitive negative)
ẖn (infinitive negative)
ẖnt (infinitive)
ẖn (imperative infinitive singular)
j.ẖn (imperative infinitive singular)
ẖn (imperative infinitive plural)
j.ẖn (imperative infinitive plural)
ẖn (stative)
ḥr ẖn (imperfective)
m ẖn (imperfective)
r ẖn (prospective)
ẖn.n (active perfect)
ẖn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ẖnt (active terminative)
ẖn (active perfective)
ẖn.ḫr (active obligative)
ẖn (active imperfective)
j.ẖn (active imperfective)
ẖn (active prospective)
ẖn.kꜣ (active potential)
ẖn (active subjunctive)
j.ẖn (active subjunctive)
ẖn.n (active participle perfect)
ẖn (active participle perfective)
ẖnn (participle passive perfective)
ẖnnj (participle passive perfective)
ẖn (participle passive perfective)
ẖnw (participle passive perfective)
ẖny (participle passive perfective)
j.ẖn (active imperfective participle)
ẖn (active imperfective participle)
ẖny (active imperfective participle)
ẖnw (active imperfective participle)
j.ẖnw (active imperfective participle)
ẖnj (active imperfective participle)
ẖn (imperfective participle passive)
ẖnw (imperfective participle passive)
ẖn (active participle prospective)
ẖntj (active participle prospective)
ẖntj (participle prospective)
ẖnt (participle prospective)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲛⲁⲛ (xnan)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲱⲛ (hōn)

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲱⲛ (hōn)

(intransitive) to approach (+ m or n: to approach (someone or some place))


ẖn

wn-n:O31-a-Xn:n-S28-n-g-r-w-A2-A1-!-w-z:x-W10-Y1-st-t-pr-n:t-h-r-Y1-A1-m-md-d-w-w-A2

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.1–1.2

The tent is open to the quiet man; the place of the man calm in speech is broad.


nkt

nkt (singular)
nktwj (dual)
nktw (plural)

Demotic:  (nkt)

Coptic: ⲛⲕⲁ (nka)


kꜣmw

kꜣmw (singular)
kꜣmwwj (dual)
kꜣmww (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ϭⲙⲉ (cme), ϭⲙⲏ (cmē)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϭⲓⲙⲏ (cimē)

Sahidic Coptic: ϭⲙⲉ (cme), ϭⲙⲏ (cmē)


ḥṯṯt

ḥṯṯt (singular)
ḥṯṯtj (dual)
ḥṯṯwt (plural)

Coptic:

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁϭⲟ (aco)

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲟ (čo)

/hɛt͡ʃɛt͡ʃɛt/


ypw

i-i-p-W-T14-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

Compare Akkadian 𒅀𒁍 (Yapu), Hebrew יָפוֹ (Yāfō).

i-W-f-Hr-Z1-aHa-a:D54-m-d-wn:n-D54:f-Hr-Z1-D:d-i-A2-!-n:U19-nw-W-D6-i-m-A1-G41-A-x:r-i-i-Z6:n-i-i-p-W-T14-N25
jw.f ḥr ꜥḥꜥ m dwn.f ḥr ḏd jj nw jm.j pꜣ ḫr(w)y n(j) ypw

15th century BCE, The taking of Joppa, lines 1.11–1.12 (trans. David Peter Davies)

He drew himself up and said, ‘Look at me here, rebel of Joppa.’


sjm

sjm (singular)
sjmwj (dual)
sjmw (plural)


ḥtj

ḥtj (singular)
ḥtjwj (dual)
ḥtjw (plural)


dmꜣt

dmꜣt (singular)
dmꜣtj (dual)
dmꜣwt (plural)


šꜥy

desc

Akhmimic Coptic: ϣⲟⲩ (šou), ϣⲟⲩⲟⲩ (šouou), ϣⲱ (šō)

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲱ (šō)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲱ (šō)

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲱ (šō)


ḥꜥb

H-a-b-Dba-Dba 3-lit. (canonical)
ḥꜥb (infinitive)
ḥꜥbw (infinitive negative)
ḥꜥb (infinitive negative)
ḥꜥbt (infinitive)
ḥꜥb (imperative infinitive singular)
ḥꜥb (imperative infinitive plural)
ḥꜥb (stative)
ḥr ḥꜥb (imperfective)
m ḥꜥb (imperfective)
r ḥꜥb (prospective)
ḥꜥb.n (active perfect)
ḥꜥbw (passive perfect)
ḥꜥb (passive perfect)
ḥꜥb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḥꜥbt (terminative)
ḥꜥb (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḥꜥb.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḥꜥb (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḥꜥb (active prospective)
ḥꜥbb (passive prospective)
ḥꜥb.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḥꜥb (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḥꜥb.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḥꜥb (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḥꜥb (active participle perfective)
ḥꜥb (participle passive perfective)
ḥꜥbw (participle passive perfective)
ḥꜥby (participle passive perfective)
ḥꜥb (active imperfective participle relative)
ḥꜥby (active imperfective participle relative)
ḥꜥbw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḥꜥb (active imperfective participle)
ḥꜥbj (active imperfective participle)
ḥꜥby (active imperfective participle)
ḥꜥb (imperfective participle passive)
ḥꜥbw (imperfective participle passive)
ḥꜥb (active participle prospective relative)
ḥꜥbtj (active participle prospective relative)
ḥꜥbtj (participle prospective)
ḥꜥbt (participle prospective)


rkḥ

r:k-H-Q7 3-lit. (canonical)
rkḥ (infinitive)
rkḥw (infinitive negative)
rkḥ (infinitive negative)
rkḥt (infinitive)
rkḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
rkḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
rkḥ (stative)
ḥr rkḥ (imperfective)
m rkḥ (imperfective)
r rkḥ (prospective)
rkḥ.n (active perfect)
rkḥw (passive perfect)
rkḥ (passive perfect)
rkḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
rkḥt (terminative)
rkḥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
rkḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
rkḥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
rkḥ (active prospective)
rkḥḥ (passive prospective)
rkḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
rkḥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
rkḥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
rkḥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
rkḥ (active participle perfective)
rkḥ (participle passive perfective)
rkḥw (participle passive perfective)
rkḥy (participle passive perfective)
rkḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
rkḥy (active imperfective participle relative)
rkḥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
rkḥ (active imperfective participle)
rkḥj (active imperfective participle)
rkḥy (active imperfective participle)
rkḥ (imperfective participle passive)
rkḥw (imperfective participle passive)
rkḥ (active participle prospective relative)
rkḥtj (active participle prospective relative)
rkḥtj (participle prospective)
rkḥt (participle prospective)

Coptic: ⲣⲱⲕϩ (rōkh)

(transitive, of fire) to heat (something)


sꜣdjꜥmj

Unknown. Thomas Schneider proposed an origin from a Semitic form *šadī-ʿammī, glossed as “my uncle is my rock” or “ʿAmmu is my rock”.


šꜣd

SA-A-d-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
šꜣd (infinitive)
šꜣdw (infinitive negative)
šꜣd (infinitive negative)
šꜣdt (infinitive)
šꜣd (imperative infinitive singular)
šꜣd (imperative infinitive plural)
šꜣd (stative)
ḥr šꜣd (imperfective)
m šꜣd (imperfective)
r šꜣd (prospective)
šꜣd.n (active perfect)
šꜣdw (passive perfect)
šꜣd (passive perfect)
šꜣd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
šꜣdt (terminative)
šꜣd (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
šꜣd.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
šꜣd (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
šꜣd (active prospective)
šꜣdd (passive prospective)
šꜣd.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
šꜣd (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
šꜣd.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
šꜣd (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
šꜣd (active participle perfective)
šꜣd (participle passive perfective)
šꜣdw (participle passive perfective)
šꜣdy (participle passive perfective)
šꜣd (active imperfective participle relative)
šꜣdy (active imperfective participle relative)
šꜣdw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
šꜣd (active imperfective participle)
šꜣdj (active imperfective participle)
šꜣdy (active imperfective participle)
šꜣd (imperfective participle passive)
šꜣdw (imperfective participle passive)
šꜣd (active participle prospective relative)
šꜣdtj (active participle prospective relative)
šꜣdtj (participle prospective)
šꜣdt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to dig out (a canal, a tomb, a well, etc.)

(transitive) to dredge (a blocked-up canal)


mjzt

mjzt (singular)
mjztj (dual)
mjzwt (plural)

Demotic: mws

Old Coptic: ⲙⲁⲟⲩⲥⲉ (maouse)

r:D36-x:r-k-Z11-A2-s-mi-i-s-t:F51*Z1-n:t-aA:a-E7-wAD-D:t-Y1

c. 1800 BCE, Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus (UC 32057), page 1, line 5

You should have her eat a fresh ass liver.


pzḥ

p:z-H-bH-A2 3-lit. (canonical)
pzḥ (infinitive)
pzḥw (infinitive negative)
pzḥ (infinitive negative)
pzḥt (infinitive)
pzḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
pzḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
pzḥ (stative)
ḥr pzḥ (imperfective)
m pzḥ (imperfective)
r pzḥ (prospective)
pzḥ.n (active perfect)
pzḥw (passive perfect)
pzḥ (passive perfect)
pzḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
pzḥt (terminative)
pzḥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
pzḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
pzḥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
pzḥ (active prospective)
pzḥḥ (passive prospective)
pzḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
pzḥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
pzḥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
pzḥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
pzḥ (active participle perfective)
pzḥ (participle passive perfective)
pzḥw (participle passive perfective)
pzḥy (participle passive perfective)
pzḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
pzḥy (active imperfective participle relative)
pzḥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
pzḥ (active imperfective participle)
pzḥj (active imperfective participle)
pzḥy (active imperfective participle)
pzḥ (imperfective participle passive)
pzḥw (imperfective participle passive)
pzḥ (active participle prospective relative)
pzḥtj (active participle prospective relative)
pzḥtj (participle prospective)
pzḥt (participle prospective)

Demotic: phs, pḥs

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲡⲱⲥϩ (pōsh)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲱϩⲥ (pōhs)

(transitive, of insects and scorpions) to sting


yꜥqb-hr

A throne name notably borne by Yaqub-Har, a pharaoh of the Fourteenth or Fifteenth Dynasty

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Yaqub-Har, a pharaoh of the Fourteenth or Fifteenth Dynasty


wtṯ

w-t:T-D53 3-lit. (canonical)
wtṯ (infinitive)
wtṯw (infinitive negative)
wtṯ (infinitive negative)
wtṯt (infinitive)
wtṯ (imperative infinitive singular)
wtṯ (imperative infinitive plural)
wtṯ (stative)
ḥr wtṯ (imperfective)
m wtṯ (imperfective)
r wtṯ (prospective)
wtṯ.n (active perfect)
wtṯw (passive perfect)
wtṯ (passive perfect)
wtṯ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
wtṯt (terminative)
wtṯ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
wtṯ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
wtṯ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
wtṯ (active prospective)
wtṯṯ (passive prospective)
wtṯ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
wtṯ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
wtṯ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
wtṯ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
wtṯ (active participle perfective)
wtṯ (participle passive perfective)
wtṯw (participle passive perfective)
wtṯy (participle passive perfective)
wtṯ (active imperfective participle relative)
wtṯy (active imperfective participle relative)
wtṯw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
wtṯ (active imperfective participle)
wtṯj (active imperfective participle)
wtṯy (active imperfective participle)
wtṯ (imperfective participle passive)
wtṯw (imperfective participle passive)
wtṯ (active participle prospective relative)
wtṯtj (active participle prospective relative)
wtṯtj (participle prospective)
wtṯt (participle prospective)


nfj

n:f-TAw-A24 3ae inf. (canonical)
nft (infinitive)
nfj (infinitive)
nfw (infinitive negative)
nf (infinitive negative)
nfwt (infinitive)
nfyt (infinitive)
nf (imperative infinitive singular)
nf (imperative infinitive plural)
nfy (imperative infinitive plural)
nf (stative)
nff (stative)
ḥr nft (imperfective)
ḥr nfj (imperfective)
m nft (imperfective)
m nfj (imperfective)
r nft (prospective)
r nfj (prospective)
nf.n (active perfect)
nfw (passive perfect)
nf (passive perfect)
nfy (passive perfect)
nf.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
nft (terminative)
nfyt (terminative)
nf (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
nf.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
nf (active imperfective)
nfy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
nfw (active prospective)
nf (active prospective)
nfy (active prospective)
nfw (passive prospective)
nf (passive prospective)
nfy (passive prospective)
nf.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
nf (active subjunctive)
nfy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
nf.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
nfw (active participle perfective relative)
nfy (active participle perfective relative)
nf (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
nf (active participle perfective)
nfy (participle passive perfective)
nf (participle passive perfective)
nff (active imperfective participle relative)
nffy (active imperfective participle relative)
nffw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
nff (active imperfective participle)
nffj (active imperfective participle)
nffy (active imperfective participle)
nff (imperfective participle passive)
nffw (imperfective participle passive)
nfw (active participle prospective relative)
nfy (active participle prospective relative)
nf (active participle prospective relative)
nftj (active participle prospective relative)
nfwtj (participle prospective)
nftj (participle prospective)
nft (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

nft, nfyt

nfw.tj1, nf.tj1, nfy.tj1, nfw.tw2, nf.tw2, nfy.tw2

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲓϥⲓ (nifi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲓϥⲉ (nife)

(transitive or intransitive) to exhale or blow (+ r: on)


ꜣẖꜥ

A-X:a- 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜣẖꜥ (infinitive)
ꜣẖꜥw (infinitive negative)
ꜣẖꜥ (infinitive negative)
ꜣẖꜥt (infinitive)
ꜣẖꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣẖꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣẖꜥ (stative)
ḥr ꜣẖꜥ (imperfective)
m ꜣẖꜥ (imperfective)
r ꜣẖꜥ (prospective)
ꜣẖꜥ.n (active perfect)
ꜣẖꜥw (passive perfect)
ꜣẖꜥ (passive perfect)
ꜣẖꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜣẖꜥt (terminative)
ꜣẖꜥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜣẖꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜣẖꜥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜣẖꜥ (active prospective)
ꜣẖꜥꜥ (passive prospective)
ꜣẖꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜣẖꜥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜣẖꜥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜣẖꜥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜣẖꜥ (active participle perfective)
ꜣẖꜥ (participle passive perfective)
ꜣẖꜥw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣẖꜥy (participle passive perfective)
ꜣẖꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣẖꜥy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣẖꜥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜣẖꜥ (active imperfective participle)
ꜣẖꜥj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣẖꜥy (active imperfective participle)
ꜣẖꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣẖꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣẖꜥ (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣẖꜥtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣẖꜥtj (participle prospective)
ꜣẖꜥt (participle prospective)

ꜣẖꜥt

ꜣẖꜥ, ꜣẖꜥy, ꜣẖꜥw5

ꜣẖꜥ, ꜣẖꜥw5, ꜣẖꜥy5

ꜣẖꜥ, ꜣẖꜥj6, ꜣẖꜥy6

ꜣẖꜥtj4, ꜣẖꜥt4

(transitive) to scratch with claws or nails

(transitive) to carve (an inscription or picture)


qꜣꜥ

q-A-a-A2 3-lit. (canonical)
qꜣꜥ (infinitive)
qꜣꜥw (infinitive negative)
qꜣꜥ (infinitive negative)
qꜣꜥt (infinitive)
qꜣꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
qꜣꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
qꜣꜥ (stative)
ḥr qꜣꜥ (imperfective)
m qꜣꜥ (imperfective)
r qꜣꜥ (prospective)
qꜣꜥ.n (active perfect)
qꜣꜥw (passive perfect)
qꜣꜥ (passive perfect)
qꜣꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
qꜣꜥt (terminative)
qꜣꜥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
qꜣꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
qꜣꜥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
qꜣꜥ (active prospective)
qꜣꜥꜥ (passive prospective)
qꜣꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
qꜣꜥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
qꜣꜥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
qꜣꜥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
qꜣꜥ (active participle perfective)
qꜣꜥ (participle passive perfective)
qꜣꜥw (participle passive perfective)
qꜣꜥy (participle passive perfective)
qꜣꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
qꜣꜥy (active imperfective participle relative)
qꜣꜥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
qꜣꜥ (active imperfective participle)
qꜣꜥj (active imperfective participle)
qꜣꜥy (active imperfective participle)
qꜣꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
qꜣꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
qꜣꜥ (active participle prospective relative)
qꜣꜥtj (active participle prospective relative)
qꜣꜥtj (participle prospective)
qꜣꜥt (participle prospective)

Compare qjs (“to vomit”), qꜣ, qꜣꜣ (“to be putrid; to vomit”), Ge'ez ቄአ (ḳeʾä), present ይቂእ (yəḳiʾ, “to vomit”), Tigre ቀኣ (ḳäʾa, “to vomit”), Arabic قَاءَ (qāʔa), present يَقِيءُ (yaqīʔu, “to vomit”), Hebrew קָא (qāʾ), present יָקִיא (yāqīʾ, “to vomit”).


ḏꜣf

DA-A-f-Q7 3-lit. (canonical)
ḏꜣf (infinitive)
ḏꜣfw (infinitive negative)
ḏꜣf (infinitive negative)
ḏꜣft (infinitive)
ḏꜣf (imperative infinitive singular)
ḏꜣf (imperative infinitive plural)
ḏꜣf (stative)
ḥr ḏꜣf (imperfective)
m ḏꜣf (imperfective)
r ḏꜣf (prospective)
ḏꜣf.n (active perfect)
ḏꜣfw (passive perfect)
ḏꜣf (passive perfect)
ḏꜣf.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḏꜣft (terminative)
ḏꜣf (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḏꜣf.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḏꜣf (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḏꜣf (active prospective)
ḏꜣff (passive prospective)
ḏꜣf.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḏꜣf (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḏꜣf.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḏꜣf (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḏꜣf (active participle perfective)
ḏꜣf (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜣfw (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜣfy (participle passive perfective)
ḏꜣf (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏꜣfy (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏꜣfw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḏꜣf (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜣfj (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜣfy (active imperfective participle)
ḏꜣf (imperfective participle passive)
ḏꜣfw (imperfective participle passive)
ḏꜣf (active participle prospective relative)
ḏꜣftj (active participle prospective relative)
ḏꜣftj (participle prospective)
ḏꜣft (participle prospective)

Demotic: ḏf

Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲱϥ (čōf)

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲟⲩϥ (čouf)

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːʀaf/

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːʔəf/

/ˈt͡ʃʼoːʔəf/

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːʀaf/

/ˈt͡ʃʼaːʔəf/

/ˈt͡ʃʼoːʔəf/


ywnj-ꜥꜣ

/iːuːni ɑːʔɑ/

Most likely a compound ywnj (“Ionia”) + ꜥꜣ (“great”). Possibly, however, the final element ꜥꜣ could instead represent a phonetic value.
Ultimately from the same source as Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía).

c. 1350 B.C.E., Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III, Statue Base Block G_N, central crenellated cartouche superimposed on a bound captive

(hapax) a region bordering the Aegean Sea, usually equated with Ionia but possibly a part of central Greece


ywnj

Ultimately from the same source as Ancient Greek Ἰωνία (Iōnía).


ꜣrwtꜣḫšꜣšꜣs

/ɑruːtɑxʃɑʃɑs/

Derived from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 (a-r-t-x-š-ç-a /Artaxšaça/).

bor

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Artaxerxes I


bjrwnygꜣt

/βəɾəˈniːkə/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βερενίκη (Bereníkē).

bor+

A female given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Berenice or Bernice, notably borne by Berenice II


nfrw-rꜥ

nfrw (“beauty”) + rꜥ (“Ra”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘The Beauty of Ra’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


sn-n-mwt

sn (“brother”) + n(j) (“of”) + mwt (“mother”), thus literally ‘Mother’s brother’.


šꜣšꜣnq

Demotic: ššnq

desc

→ Neo-Assyrian: 𒋗𒊓𒀭𒆪 (šu-sa-an-qu /sušanqu/), 𒋢𒋛𒅔𒆪 (su-si-in-qu /šušinqu/)

→ Koine Greek: Σεσόγγωσις (Sesóngōsis), Σεσονγῶσις (Sesongôsis), Σισόνχις (Sisónkhis)

→ Biblical Hebrew: שִׁישַׁק (šīšáq), שׁוּשַׁק (šūšáq)

→ Koine Greek: Σουσακίμ (Sousakím), Σουσακεὶμ (Sousakeìm)

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by several pharaohs of the 22nd and 23rd Dynasties: Shoshenq


mryt-jmn

mryt (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + jmn (“Amon”), literally ‘(she) whom Amon loves’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

compound

feminine perfective relative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mrj</i>


nfr-ḥtp

→ Ancient Greek: Νεφώτης (Nephṓtēs)

nfr (“beautiful (one)”) + ḥtp (“to be content”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus literally ‘the beautiful one is content’.


nfr-mꜣꜥt

nfr (“to be beautiful”) + mꜣꜥt (“Maat, justice”), thus literally ‘Maat/justice is beautiful’.


nfr-nfrw-rꜥ

nfr (“beautiful (one)”) + nfrw (“beautiful ones”, plural of nfr) + rꜥ (“Ra”) as a series of direct genitive constructions, thus literally ‘beautiful one of the beautiful ones of Ra’, i.e. ‘most beautiful one of Ra’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">nfr</i>


nfrt-jrj

nfrt (“beautiful (one)”) + jrj (“with respect to it, thereto”), thus roughly ‘the most beautiful (one) among them’. The t and following j in this name are often transposed for aesthetic reasons.


mryt-jtn

mryt (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + jtn (“Aten”), literally ‘(she) whom the Aten loves’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


nfr-nfrw-jtn

nfr (“beautiful (one)”) + nfrw (“beautiful ones”, plural of nfr) + jtn (“Aten”) as a series of direct genitive constructions, thus literally ‘beautiful one of the beautiful ones of Aten’, i.e. ‘most beautiful one of Aten’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


ꜥnḫ.s-n-jmn

ꜥnḫ (“to live”) + .s (“she”) + n (“for”) + jmn (“Amun”), thus literally ‘she lives for Amun’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


nfrw-ptḥ

From nfrw (“beauty”) + ptḥ (“Ptah”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘the beauty of Ptah’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


rꜥ-ms

rꜥ (“Ra”) + ms (“to give birth”) + (.w) (masculine third-person singular stative ending), thus ‘Ra is born’.


ptḥ-ms

ptḥ (“Ptah”) + ms (“to give birth”) + (.w) (masculine third-person singular stative ending), thus ‘Ptah is born’.


jrsjrnꜣt

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀρσινόη (Arsinóē).

bor+

A female given name of historical usage, notably borne by Arsinoe II.


ḥtp-ḥr.s

ḥtp (“to be content”) + ḥr (“face”) + .s (“her”), thus literally ‘her face is content’.


nfrt-jꜣbt

/ˌnafɾə ˈjoːβə/

nfrt (“beautiful (one)”) + jꜣbt (“east”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘the beautiful (one) of the east’.


nfrw-sbk

From nfrw (“beauty”) + sbk (“Sobek”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘the beauty of Sobek’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition. Some authors instead read the name without transposition as sbk-nfrw (“Sobek is perfect”), following the later Greek form Σκεμίοφρις (Skemíophris), but others consider this order of elements a later development.


nt-ḥtp

nt (“Neith”) + ḥtp (“to be content”). The interpretation is unclear; a reading as ‘Neith is content’ in this order does not seem possible: if ḥtp were in the stative, it would need the feminine stative ending .tj rather than an unwritten masculine stative ending, and in any case theophoric names using the stative did not appear until the Middle Kingdom. A solution may be found in honorific transposition, in which case the intended reading would be ḥtp-nt. Indeed, just such a name is attested in later times.


jj-m-ḥtp

→ Ancient Greek: Ἰμούθης (Imoúthēs)

→ English: Imhotep

jj (“coming”, perfective active participle of jj (“to come, to return”)) + m ḥtp (“in peace, safely”), thus ‘(the one) coming in peace’, ‘(the one) returning home safely’.

perfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jj</i> (“to come, to return”)

A male given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Imhotep, notably borne by Imhotep.

(Egyptian mythology) Imhotep, a deified administrator and architect


mrt-nbtj

mr(y)t (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + nbtj (“the Two Ladies”), literally ‘(she) whom the Two Ladies love’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


stẖj

stẖ (“Set”) + -j (nisba ending), thus literally ‘Sethian’.


ḥꜣt-špswt

From ḥꜣt (“front”) + špswt (plural of špst (“noblewoman”)) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘foremost of noblewomen’. A longer form of ḥꜣt-špswt is found as ẖnmt-jmn-ḥꜣt-špswt.

af

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">špst</i> (“noblewoman”)

A female given name of historical usage, notably borne by Hatshepsut


rꜥ-ḥtp

rꜥ (“Ra”) + ḥtp (“to be content”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Ra is content’.


mryt-rꜥ

mryt (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus literally ‘(she) whom Ra loves’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


mryt-ptḥ

mryt (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + ptḥ (“Ptah”), thus literally ‘(she) whom Ptah loves’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


nfrw-bjtj

nfrw (“beauty”) + bjtj (“king of Lower Egypt”), thus literally ‘the beauty of the king of Lower Egypt’. The written form apparently demonstrates honorific transposition; however, some authors read the name without transposition, as bjtj-nfrw.


ḥqꜣ-ḫꜣst

ḥqꜣ-ḫꜣst (singular)
ḥqꜣwj-ḫꜣst (dual)
ḥqꜣw-ḫꜣst (plural)

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ὑκσώς (Huksṓs), Ὑξώς (Huxṓs)

→ English: Hyksos

ḥqꜣ (“ruler”) + ḫꜣst (“foreign land”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘ruler of a foreign land’.


mr.s-ꜥnḫ

mr (“loves”) + .s (“she”) + ꜥnḫ (“life”), thus literally ‘she loves life’.


nfrt-ḥnwt

nfrt (“beautiful (one)”) + ḥnwt (“lady”).


tjꜥꜣ

Possibly to be interpreted as a variant of tꜣ (“the”) + ꜥꜣ(t) (“great (one)”), thus literally ‘the great’.


mwt-nfr.t

mwt (“Mut”) + nfr (“to be beautiful”) + .t(j) (feminine singular stative ending), thus ‘Mut is beautiful’.


ptḥ-špss

ptḥ (“Ptah”) + špss (“to be noble, esteemed”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Ptah is noble/esteemed’.


nfr-ḥtp.s

nfr (“to be beautiful”) + ḥtp (“peace”) + .s (“her”), thus literally ‘her peace is beautiful’.


pr-snt

pr (“to come forth”) + snt (“sister”), thus ‘a sister comes forth’.


psšt

psšt (singular)
psštj (dual)
psšwt (plural)

Demotic: pšt

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲡⲉϣⲉ (peše)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲫⲁϣⲓ (phaši)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲡⲉϣⲓ (peši)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲁϣⲉ (paše)

From psš (“to divide, to share out”) + -t (feminine suffix).

suffix

apportionment, distribution, sharing out


nfrt-kꜣw

nfrt (“beautiful (one)”) + kꜣw (plural of kꜣ (“ka”)) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘the beautiful one of kas’.

af

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">kꜣ</i> (“ka”)


pwj-m-rꜥ

pwj (a proper name) + m (“in (the role of)”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus perhaps ‘pwj is Ra’.


ḥnwt-tꜣwj

ḥnwt (“mistress”) + tꜣwj (“Egypt”, literally “the Two Lands”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Mistress of Egypt’.


mryt-jt.s

mryt (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + jt (“father”) + .s (“her”), thus literally ‘(she) whom her father loves’.


pwrꜣsꜣtj

Likely cognate with Akkadian 𒆳𒉿𒇷𒄑𒋫 (ᴷᵁᴿPilistu), 𒆳𒉺𒆷𒀾𒋫 (ᴷᵁᴿPalastu) and Hebrew פְּלֶשֶׁת (Pəléšeṯ, “Philistia”). Also compare Ancient Greek Πελασγός (Pelasgós).

one of the Sea Peoples that invaded Egypt during the reign of Ramesses III, likely to be identified with the later Philistines


pr-bꜣstt

pr:Z1-W1-t:H8-niwt m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

→ Ancient Greek: Βούβαστις (Boúbastis)

→ Latin: Būbastis

→ English: Bubastis

Bohairic Coptic: ⲡⲟⲩⲃⲁⲥϯ (poubasti)

desc

→ Hebrew: פִּי-בֶסֶת

→ Hebrew: פִּי-בֶסֶת

pr (“house”) + bꜣstt (“Bastet”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘House of Bastet’.


sfsf

s-f:z:f-Q7 4-lit. (canonical)
sfsf (infinitive)
sfsfw (infinitive negative)
sfsf (infinitive negative)
sfsft (infinitive)
sfsf (imperative infinitive singular)
sfsf (imperative infinitive plural)
sfsf (stative)
ḥr sfsf (imperfective)
m sfsf (imperfective)
r sfsf (prospective)
sfsf.n (active perfect)
sfsfw (passive perfect)
sfsf (passive perfect)
sfsf.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sfsft (terminative)
sfsf (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sfsf.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sfsf (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sfsfw (active prospective)
sfsf (active prospective)
sfsfw (passive prospective)
sfsf (passive prospective)
sfsf.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sfsf (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sfsf.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sfsf (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sfsf (active participle perfective)
sfsf (participle passive perfective)
sfsfw (participle passive perfective)
sfsfy (participle passive perfective)
sfsf (active imperfective participle relative)
sfsfy (active imperfective participle relative)
sfsfw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sfsf (active imperfective participle)
sfsfj (active imperfective participle)
sfsfy (active imperfective participle)
sfsf (imperfective participle passive)
sfsfw (imperfective participle passive)
sfsf (active participle prospective relative)
sfsftj (active participle prospective relative)
sfsfwtj (participle prospective)
sfsftj (participle prospective)
sfsft (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

sfsft

sfsfw.tj1, sfsf.tj1, sfsfw.tw2, sfsf.tw2

Apparently a development of earlier ssf.


tꜣ.f-nḫt

tꜣy (possessive determiner) + .f (“his”) + nḫt (“strength”), thus literally ‘his strength’.


nꜣy.f-ꜥꜣw-rwḏ

/nɑiːʔɛf ɑːʔɑuː ruːd͡ʒ/

nꜣy (demonstrative determiner) + .f (“his”) + ꜥꜣw (plural of ꜥꜣ (“great (one)”)) + rwḏ (“to be firm, to prosper”) + (.w) (masculine plural stative ending), thus literally ‘his great ones are prospering’, with ‘his great ones’ referring to his ancestors. Alternatively, it is possible that ꜥꜣw is not the plural of ꜥꜣ here but the abstract noun meaning ‘greatness’, thus ‘his greatness is prospering’; either interpretation is plausible.

af

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ꜥꜣ</i> (“great (one)”)


nḫt-nb.f

nḫt (“strong, victorious (one)”) + nb (“lord”) + .f (“his”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘The strong one of his lord’.


ḏd-ḥr

→ Akkadian:

Neo-Assyrian: 𒍢𒄩𒀀 (ṣi-ḫa-a /ṣiḫā/)

Neo-Babylonian: 𒍢𒄩𒀪 (ṣi-ḫa-ˀ /ṣiḫaꜣ/)

→ Ancient Greek: Τέως (Téōs)

Coptic: ⲧⲁϩⲟ (taho)

ḏd (“to say”) + ḥr (“Horus”), thus literally ‘Horus says’. This might be either a shortened form of the name ḏd-ḥr-jw.f-ꜥnḫ (literally “Horus says, ‘He will live’”) or an ancient misreading of a hieratic name ns-ḥr (literally “the one belonging to Horus”).


jꜥḥ-ms

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ἄμασις (Ámasis), Ἄμωσις (Ámōsis)

jꜥḥ (“the moon/Iah”) + ms (“to give birth”) + (.w) (masculine third-person singular stative ending), thus ‘the moon is born’ or ‘Iah is born’.


psmṯk

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ψαμμήτιχος (Psammḗtikhos)
Greek: Ψαμμήτιχος (Psammítichos)
→ Latin: Psammētichus
→ English: Psammetichus

Uncertain; one possible derivation, based on the attested longer form pꜣ-zꜣ-n-mṯk, is p(ꜣ) (“the”) + z(ꜣ) (“man”) + n(j) (“of”) + mṯk (“the Libyan deity Meṯek”), thus ‘the man of Meṯek’.


mꜣꜣt-ḥr-nfrw-rꜥ

mꜣꜣt (“seeing”, feminine imperfective active participle of mꜣꜣ) + ḥr (“Horus”) + nfrw (“beauty”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), with the last two words in a direct genitive construction and in apposition to the rest, thus ‘(one) seeing Horus, the beauty of Ra’.

feminine imperfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mꜣꜣ</i>


jꜥḥ-ḥtp

jꜥḥ (“Iah/the moon”) + ḥtp (“to be content”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus literally ‘Iah/the moon is content’.


ꜣst-nfrt

ꜣst (“Isis”) + nfrt (“beautiful”), thus ‘Isis is beautiful’.


šꜣbꜣtꜣkꜣ

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Shebitku, a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty


šꜣbꜣkꜣ

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Shabaka, a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty


ḏḏw-ms

/d͡ʒɛd͡ʒuː mɛs/

ḏḏw (“who is given”) + ms(w) (“birth”), thus ‘(the one) who is given birth’.


n-kꜣw

n(j) (“of, belonging to”) + kꜣw (plural of kꜣ (“ka”)), thus literally ‘(the one) belonging to the kas’.

The second glyph is unclearand may be something else


jrwrꜣ

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Alara, a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty


kꜣštꜣ

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Kashta, a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty


tꜣnwꜣtj-jmn

The Lexikon der Ägyptologie notes that this name is evidently Cushitic. Leprohon, however, considers it a variant of the Egyptian name tꜣ-nt-jmn (literally “She of Amun”), which is otherwise only attested as a feminine name. In any case, the second element is certainly jmn (“Amun”). The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

a male given name, Tantamani or Tanutamun


zꜣ-jmn

zꜣ (“son”) + jmn (“Amun”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘son of Amun’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


stẖ-nḫt

From stẖ (“Set”) + nḫt (“to be strong, to be victorious”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Set is strong’.


nmꜣrṯ

Of Libyan origin, presumably from a predecessor or extinct sister language of Proto-Berber.


pꜣ-sbꜣ-ḫꜥ-n-nwt

/pəˈsiːβə χəʕənˈneːʔə/

pꜣ (“the”) + sbꜣ (“star”) + ḫꜥ (“appearing”) + n (“in”) + nwt (“city”), thus literally ‘the star appearing in the city’, a reference to Thebes.
Greek Ψουσέννης (Psousénnēs) reflects the later (Demotic-era) shift of /ḫ/ → [ʃ] in [pəsiβʃəʕənˈneːʔə]. The preposition m appears as n due to assimilation with nwt.

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Psusennes I, a pharaoh of the Twenty-First Dynasty.


zꜣ-ꜣst

zꜣ (“son”) + ꜣst (“Isis”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘son of Isis’.


rwḏ-jmn

rwḏ (“to be firm, to succeed”) + jmn (“Amun”), thus ‘Amun is firm/Amun succeeds’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


p.f-ṯꜣw-ꜥwj-bꜣstt

/pɛʔɛf t͡ʃɑuː ɑːuːi bɑstɛt/

p(ꜣy) (demonstrative determiner) + .f (“his”) + ṯꜣw (“breath”) + (m) (“in, from”) + ꜥwj (dual of ꜥ (“arm”)) + bꜣstt (“Bastet”), thus ‘his breath (comes) from the arms of Bastet’.

dual of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ꜥ</i> (“arm”)


ḥr-zꜣ-ꜣst

Demotic: ḥr-sꜣ-js.t

Coptic: ϩⲱⲣⲥⲓⲏⲥⲉ (hōrsiēse)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἁρσιῆσις (Harsiêsis)

/ħoːɾ siːʔ ˈʔeːsə/

ḥr (“Horus”) + zꜣ (“son”) + ꜣst (“Isis”) with the latter two elements in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Horus, son of Isis’.


tꜣ-nt-jmn

tꜣ (feminine relational pronoun) + nt (“of”) + jmn (“Amun”), thus literally ‘she of Amun’.


ꜣst-m-ꜣḫ-bjt

ꜣst (“Isis”) + m (“in”) + ꜣḫ-bjt (“Chemmis”), thus ‘Isis is in Chemmis’.


ẖnmt-nfr-ḥḏt

ẖnmt (“united with”) + nfr-ḥḏt (“White Crown”), thus literally ‘united with the White Crown’.

a female given name, Khenemetneferhedjet


wsr-mnṯw

wsr (“to be powerful”) + mnṯw (“Montu”), thus literally ‘Montu is powerful’.


nfr-ḥḏt

nfr (“White Crown”) + ḥḏt (“White Crown”).


pꜣ-nḥsj

→ Biblical Hebrew: פִּינְחָס (Pīnəḥās)

→ English: Phinehas, Phineas

pꜣ (“the”) + nḥsj (“Nubian”), thus literally ‘the Nubian’.


pꜣ-dj-bꜣstt

pꜣ (“the”) + dj (“given”) + bꜣstt (“Bastet”), thus literally ‘the given of Bastet’, i.e. ‘the one whom Bastet has given’.


ḫꜥ-m-wꜣst

ḫꜥ (“appearing”) + m (“in”) + wꜣst (“Thebes”), thus ‘(the one) appearing in Thebes’.


jrj ꜣbw

jrj (“to do, to make”) + ꜣbw (“cessation”).


n ꜣbb

n (“to, for”) + ꜣbb (active imperfective participle of ꜣbj (“to desire, to want, to be happy”)).

active imperfective participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ꜣbj</i> (“to desire, to want, to be happy”)

(with attached suffix pronoun) at one’s pleasure, at will, as one wishes


r ꜣbb

r (“regarding, according to”) + ꜣbb (active imperfective participle of ꜣbj (“to desire, to want, to be happy”)).


n ꜣbw

n (“to, for”) + ꜣbw (inflection of ꜣbj (“to desire, to want, to be happy”)).

inflection of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ꜣbj</i> (“to desire, to want, to be happy”)

(Late Egyptian, with a verb in the infinitive) in order to


ꜣbyt

ꜣbyt (singular)
ꜣbytj (dual)
ꜣbywt (plural)

Demotic: ꜣby, bꜣ

desc

→ Ancient Greek: -αβως (-abōs), -εβως (-ebōs)

ꜣby (“leopard or cheetah, panther”) + -t (feminine ending).

af

a (female) lithe spotted big cat, including both leopards and cheetahs; female ‘panther’


ꜣby-šmꜥ

ꜣby-šmꜥ (singular)
ꜣbywj-šmꜥ (dual)
ꜣbyw-šmꜥ (plural)

/ɑbiː ʃɛmɑː/

ꜣby (“lithe spotted big cat”) + šmꜥ (“Upper Egypt”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘panther of Upper Egypt’.

Panthera pardus
Panthera pardus#Translingual

leopard, Panthera pardus, usually as a simile for bloodlust or fury


ꜣby-mḥw

ꜣby-mḥw (singular)
ꜣbywj-mḥw (dual)
ꜣbyw-mḥw (plural)

From ꜣby (“lithe spotted big cat”) + mḥw (“Lower Egypt”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘panther of Lower Egypt’.

Acinonyx jubatus
Acinonyx jubatus#Translingual


ꜣbw-nṯr

From ꜣbwt (“appearance, form”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘form of god’. However, the full form *ꜣbwt-nṯr is unattested, as the word-final t had fallen silent and was often left unwritten by the time of this term’s earliest attestation. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

a type of cloth that serves as a cultic object or relic, sometimes associated with Horus and seen as having protective and mortuary functions


mḥw

mḥw (singular)
mḥwwj (dual)
mḥww (plural)


mḥw

Alternative form of mḥꜥw (“flax, linen”)


ꜣbnjnj

ꜣbnjnj (singular)
ꜣbnjnjwj (dual)
ꜣbnjnjw (plural)


ꜣpꜣrwywsꜣ

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀπελλαῖος (Apellaîos).

The month of Apellaios in the Ancient Macedonian calendar


psḏ

psḏ (singular)
psḏwj (dual)
psḏw (plural)


ꜣbb

Ab-b-b-Z5:D54 2ae gem. (canonical)
ꜣbb (infinitive)
ꜣbb (infinitive negative)
ꜣbbt (infinitive)
ꜣbb (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣb (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣbb (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣb (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣbb (stative)
ꜣb (stative)
ḥr ꜣbb (imperfective)
m ꜣbb (imperfective)
r ꜣbb (prospective)
ꜣbb.n (active perfect)
ꜣb.n (active perfect)
ꜣb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ꜣbbt (active terminative)
ꜣb (active perfective)
ꜣbb.ḫr (active obligative)
ꜣbb (active imperfective)
ꜣbb (active prospective)
ꜣb.kꜣ (active potential)
ꜣb (active subjunctive)
ꜣb.n (active participle perfect)
ꜣb (active participle perfective)
ꜣb (participle passive perfective)
ꜣbw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣby (participle passive perfective)
ꜣbb (active imperfective participle)
ꜣbby (active imperfective participle)
ꜣbbw (active imperfective participle)
ꜣbbj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣbb (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣbbw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣb (active participle prospective)
ꜣbtj (active participle prospective)
ꜣbbtj (participle prospective)
ꜣbbt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ꜣbbt

ꜣbb.n.tj1, ꜣb.n.tj1, ꜣbb.n.tw2, ꜣb.n.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ꜣb</i> before suffix pronouns.

Related to ꜣb (“to avoid, to cease, to separate from”).

(Late Egyptian, intransitive, with r) to separate from, to move away


bšj

b-S-D26 3ae inf. (canonical)
bšt (infinitive)
bšj (infinitive)
bšw (infinitive negative)
bš (infinitive negative)
bšwt (infinitive)
bšyt (infinitive)
bš (imperative infinitive singular)
bš (imperative infinitive plural)
bšy (imperative infinitive plural)
bš (stative)
bšš (stative)
ḥr bšt (imperfective)
ḥr bšj (imperfective)
m bšt (imperfective)
m bšj (imperfective)
r bšt (prospective)
r bšj (prospective)
bš.n (active perfect)
bšw (passive perfect)
bš (passive perfect)
bšy (passive perfect)
bš.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
bšt (terminative)
bšyt (terminative)
bš (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
bš.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
bš (active imperfective)
bšy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
bšw (active prospective)
bš (active prospective)
bšy (active prospective)
bšw (passive prospective)
bš (passive prospective)
bšy (passive prospective)
bš.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
bš (active subjunctive)
bšy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
bš.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
bšw (active participle perfective relative)
bšy (active participle perfective relative)
bš (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
bš (active participle perfective)
bšy (participle passive perfective)
bš (participle passive perfective)
bšš (active imperfective participle relative)
bššy (active imperfective participle relative)
bššw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
bšš (active imperfective participle)
bššj (active imperfective participle)
bššy (active imperfective participle)
bšš (imperfective participle passive)
bššw (imperfective participle passive)
bšw (active participle prospective relative)
bšy (active participle prospective relative)
bš (active participle prospective relative)
bštj (active participle prospective relative)
bšwtj (participle prospective)
bštj (participle prospective)
bšt (participle prospective)

bšt, bšyt

bšw.tj1, bš.tj1, bšy.tj1, bšw.tw2, bš.tw2, bšy.tw2

(intransitive, of the Nile and inundation) to gush

(transitive, of the sources of the Nile) to gush forth (water)

(transitive, figuratively, of fields) to gush with (verdure, plants)

(transitive, figuratively, of the heart) to reveal, to betray (one’s thoughts)


ssn

s-s-sn-n:D19 caus. 2-lit. (canonical)
ssnt (infinitive)
ssn (infinitive)
ssnw (infinitive negative)
ssn (infinitive negative)
ssn (imperative infinitive singular)
ssn (imperative infinitive plural)
ssn (stative)
ḥr ssn (imperfective)
m ssn (imperfective)
r ssn (prospective)
ssn.n (active perfect)
ssnw (passive perfect)
ssn (passive perfect)
ssn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ssnt (terminative)
ssn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ssn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ssn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ssnw (active prospective)
ssn (active prospective)
ssny (active prospective)
ssnw (passive prospective)
ssn (passive prospective)
ssny (passive prospective)
ssn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ssn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ssn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ssn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ssn (active participle perfective)
ssn (participle passive perfective)
ssnw (participle passive perfective)
ssny (participle passive perfective)
ssn (active imperfective participle relative)
ssny (active imperfective participle relative)
ssnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ssn (active imperfective participle)
ssnj (active imperfective participle)
ssny (active imperfective participle)
ssn (imperfective participle passive)
ssnw (imperfective participle passive)
ssn (active participle prospective relative)
ssntj (active participle prospective relative)
ssnwtj (participle prospective)
ssntj (participle prospective)
ssnt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-caus-x-lit

causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.

egy-conj-table

ssnt

ssnw.tj1, ssn.tj1, ssny.tj1, ssnw.tw2, ssn.tw2, ssny.tw2

s- (causative prefix) + sn (“to smell, to kiss”).

af

[since the Pyramid Texts;common since the Middle Kingdom]

(transitive or intransitive, of a person or a nose) to breathe

c. 1800 BCE, Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus (UC 32057), page 2, line 7


ẖdb

X:d-b-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
ẖdb (infinitive)
ẖdbw (infinitive negative)
ẖdb (infinitive negative)
ẖdbt (infinitive)
ẖdb (imperative infinitive singular)
ẖdb (imperative infinitive plural)
ẖdb (stative)
ḥr ẖdb (imperfective)
m ẖdb (imperfective)
r ẖdb (prospective)
ẖdb.n (active perfect)
ẖdbw (passive perfect)
ẖdb (passive perfect)
ẖdb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ẖdbt (terminative)
ẖdb (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ẖdb.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ẖdb (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ẖdb (active prospective)
ẖdbb (passive prospective)
ẖdb.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ẖdb (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ẖdb.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ẖdb (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ẖdb (active participle perfective)
ẖdb (participle passive perfective)
ẖdbw (participle passive perfective)
ẖdby (participle passive perfective)
ẖdb (active imperfective participle relative)
ẖdby (active imperfective participle relative)
ẖdbw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ẖdb (active imperfective participle)
ẖdbj (active imperfective participle)
ẖdby (active imperfective participle)
ẖdb (imperfective participle passive)
ẖdbw (imperfective participle passive)
ẖdb (active participle prospective relative)
ẖdbtj (active participle prospective relative)
ẖdbtj (participle prospective)
ẖdbt (participle prospective)

Demotic: ẖtb

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ (xōtbe)

Bohairic Coptic: ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ (xōteb)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲱⲧⲉⲃ (hōteb)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲱⲧⲃ (hōtb), ϩⲱⲧⲉⲃ (hōteb)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲱⲧⲃ (hōtb), ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ (hōtbe)

(transitive) to kill (a person or animal)

(intransitive) to kill generally in battle (+ m: among (enemies))