ḥdb

H-d-b-A15:D40 3-lit. (canonical)
ḥdb (infinitive)
ḥdbw (infinitive negative)
ḥdb (infinitive negative)
ḥdbt (infinitive)
ḥdb (imperative infinitive singular)
ḥdb (imperative infinitive plural)
ḥdb (stative)
ḥr ḥdb (imperfective)
m ḥdb (imperfective)
r ḥdb (prospective)
ḥdb.n (active perfect)
ḥdbw (passive perfect)
ḥdb (passive perfect)
ḥdb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḥdbt (terminative)
ḥdb (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḥdb.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḥdb (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḥdb (active prospective)
ḥdbb (passive prospective)
ḥdb.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḥdb (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḥdb.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḥdb (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḥdb (active participle perfective)
ḥdb (participle passive perfective)
ḥdbw (participle passive perfective)
ḥdby (participle passive perfective)
ḥdb (active imperfective participle relative)
ḥdby (active imperfective participle relative)
ḥdbw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḥdb (active imperfective participle)
ḥdbj (active imperfective participle)
ḥdby (active imperfective participle)
ḥdb (imperfective participle passive)
ḥdbw (imperfective participle passive)
ḥdb (active participle prospective relative)
ḥdbtj (active participle prospective relative)
ḥdbtj (participle prospective)
ḥdbt (participle prospective)

to overthrow, to cast down, to prostrate


ꜥtḫ

a:t**x-A24 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜥtḫ (infinitive)
ꜥtḫw (infinitive negative)
ꜥtḫ (infinitive negative)
ꜥtḫt (infinitive)
ꜥtḫ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥtḫ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥtḫ (stative)
ḥr ꜥtḫ (imperfective)
m ꜥtḫ (imperfective)
r ꜥtḫ (prospective)
ꜥtḫ.n (active perfect)
ꜥtḫw (passive perfect)
ꜥtḫ (passive perfect)
ꜥtḫ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜥtḫt (terminative)
ꜥtḫ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜥtḫ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜥtḫ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜥtḫ (active prospective)
ꜥtḫḫ (passive prospective)
ꜥtḫ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜥtḫ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜥtḫ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜥtḫ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜥtḫ (active participle perfective)
ꜥtḫ (participle passive perfective)
ꜥtḫw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥtḫy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥtḫ (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥtḫy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥtḫw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜥtḫ (active imperfective participle)
ꜥtḫj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥtḫy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥtḫ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥtḫw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥtḫ (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥtḫtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥtḫtj (participle prospective)
ꜥtḫt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ꜥtḫt

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.

(transitive) to press (a dough or mash) through a sieve or cloth, to strain, to sieve, especially in brewing beer or preparing medicines

(transitive) to press (grapes) for making wine


zššt

zššt (singular)
zšštj (dual)
zššwt (plural)

ir-z:S:S-t-Y8 ― jrj zššt ― to play sistrum (+ n: for (someone); + n ḥr: before (someone))


smt

s-D52:t-F21 3-lit. (canonical)
smt (infinitive)
smtw (infinitive negative)
smt (infinitive negative)
smtt (infinitive)
smt (imperative infinitive singular)
smt (imperative infinitive plural)
smt (stative)
ḥr smt (imperfective)
m smt (imperfective)
r smt (prospective)
smt.n (active perfect)
smtw (passive perfect)
smt (passive perfect)
smt.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
smtt (terminative)
smt (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
smt.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
smt (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
smt (active prospective)
smtt (passive prospective)
smt.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
smt (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
smt.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
smt (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
smt (active participle perfective)
smt (participle passive perfective)
smtw (participle passive perfective)
smty (participle passive perfective)
smt (active imperfective participle relative)
smty (active imperfective participle relative)
smtw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
smt (active imperfective participle)
smtj (active imperfective participle)
smty (active imperfective participle)
smt (imperfective participle passive)
smtw (imperfective participle passive)
smt (active participle prospective relative)
smttj (active participle prospective relative)
smttj (participle prospective)
smtt (participle prospective)

Compare Proto-Semitic *šamaʕ- (“to hear, to listen”).


smt

smt (singular)
smtj (dual)
smwt (plural)

i-w-A1-Aa15-S:r-i-A17-D35-ir:t-A1-N41:t-B1-i-w-s-Dr:r-A55-A1-Aa15-s-m-t-S28-V8-n:nw-w-Z7:Z2

c. 1500 BCE, Ahmose, son of Ebana, Biography of Ahmose, line 6

I was a youth before I had not married, I slept in a net hammock.

jw.j m šrj n jrt.j ḥmt jw sḏr.j m smt šnw.


wꜣr

w-wA-A-r 3-lit. (canonical)
wꜣr (infinitive)
wꜣrw (infinitive negative)
wꜣr (infinitive negative)
wꜣrt (infinitive)
wꜣr (imperative infinitive singular)
wꜣr (imperative infinitive plural)
wꜣr (stative)
ḥr wꜣr (imperfective)
m wꜣr (imperfective)
r wꜣr (prospective)
wꜣr.n (active perfect)
wꜣrw (passive perfect)
wꜣr (passive perfect)
wꜣr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
wꜣrt (terminative)
wꜣr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
wꜣr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
wꜣr (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
wꜣr (active prospective)
wꜣrr (passive prospective)
wꜣr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
wꜣr (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
wꜣr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
wꜣr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
wꜣr (active participle perfective)
wꜣr (participle passive perfective)
wꜣrw (participle passive perfective)
wꜣry (participle passive perfective)
wꜣr (active imperfective participle relative)
wꜣry (active imperfective participle relative)
wꜣrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
wꜣr (active imperfective participle)
wꜣrj (active imperfective participle)
wꜣry (active imperfective participle)
wꜣr (imperfective participle passive)
wꜣrw (imperfective participle passive)
wꜣr (active participle prospective relative)
wꜣrtj (active participle prospective relative)
wꜣrtj (participle prospective)
wꜣrt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to tie up, to tie together (a net)


wꜣr

wꜣr (singular)
wꜣrwj (dual)
wꜣrw (plural)

(Late Egyptian) a kind of lute or reed pipe


wꜣr

wA-r-A32 3-lit. (canonical)
wꜣr (infinitive)
wꜣrw (infinitive negative)
wꜣr (infinitive negative)
wꜣrt (infinitive)
wꜣr (imperative infinitive singular)
wꜣr (imperative infinitive plural)
wꜣr (stative)
ḥr wꜣr (imperfective)
m wꜣr (imperfective)
r wꜣr (prospective)
wꜣr.n (active perfect)
wꜣr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
wꜣrt (active terminative)
wꜣr (active perfective)
wꜣr.ḫr (active obligative)
wꜣr (active imperfective)
wꜣr (active prospective)
wꜣr.kꜣ (active potential)
wꜣr (active subjunctive)
wꜣr.n (active participle perfect)
wꜣr (active participle perfective)
wꜣr (participle passive perfective)
wꜣrw (participle passive perfective)
wꜣry (participle passive perfective)
wꜣr (active imperfective participle)
wꜣry (active imperfective participle)
wꜣrw (active imperfective participle)
wꜣrj (active imperfective participle)
wꜣr (imperfective participle passive)
wꜣrw (imperfective participle passive)
wꜣr (active participle prospective)
wꜣrtj (active participle prospective)
wꜣrtj (participle prospective)
wꜣrt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to dance (+ n: before (a god))


mgꜣ

mgꜣ (singular)
mgꜣwj (dual)
mgꜣw (plural)


r jqr

r (“regarding, with respect to”) + jqr (“what is excellent or exceedingly so”).


fꜣt

fꜣt (singular)
fꜣtj (dual)
fꜣwt (plural)

making of an offering, generally of food or drink


fꜣt

yield, returns, including financial interest


𓉐

Proto-Sinaitic:

Proto-Canaanite:

desctree

Phoenician: 𐤁 (b)
Ancient Greek: Β (B), β (b), ϐ (b)
Cyrillic: В, в
Old Italic: 𐌁
Latin: B, b
Runic: ᛒ
Aramaic: 𐡁 (b)
Syriac: ܒ
Arabic: ب (b)
Hebrew: ב
Pahlavi:
Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭡 (b)
Inscriptional Parthian: 𐭁 (b)
Avestan:  𐬠
(debated) Brahmi: 𑀩

Old South Arabian: 𐩨 (b)

Ge'ez: በ (bä)

Determinative for buildings and, less commonly, seats and places.


𓀠

Proto-Sinaitic:

Proto-Canaanite:

Phoenician: 𐤄 (h)
Ancient Greek: Ε (E), ε (e)
Cyrillic: Е, е
Old Italic: 𐌄
Latin: E, e
Aramaic: 𐡄 (h)
Syriac: ܗ
Arabic: ه (h)
Hebrew: ה
Pahlavi:
Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭤 (h)
Inscriptional Parthian: 𐭄 (h)
Avestan: 𐬵 (h)
(debated) Brahmi: 𑀳 (see there for further descendants)

Old South Arabian: 𐩠 (h)

Ge'ez: ሀ (hä)

Representing a man with his hands raised on either side. This and other glyphs depicting men conventionally color the skin red; the hair is typically black, and the clothing white (sometimes with black outlines or details).

egy-hiero-color-men

Logogram for or determinative in qꜣj (“to be(come) high”).

Determinative in jꜣs (“to be(come) bald”).

Determinative for words relating to joy or happiness.

Determinative for words relating to mourning.


𓌙

Proto-Sinaitic:

Proto-Canaanite:

desctree

Phoenician: 𐤂 (g)
Ancient Greek: Γ (G), γ (g)
Cyrillic: Г, г
Etruscan: 𐌂 (c)
Latin: C, G
Aramaic: 𐡂 (g)
Syriac: ܓ
Arabic: جـ (j-)
Hebrew: ג
Pahlavi:
Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭢 (g)
Inscriptional Parthian: 𐭂 (g)
(debated) Brahmi: 𑀕

Old South Arabian: 𐩴 (g)

Ge'ez: ገ (gä)

Representing a throwstick or, in its function representing foreignness, a club as a foreign weapon of war.

Logogram for qmꜣ (“to throw, to create”).

Phonetic determinative
phonetic determinative#English

Phonetic determinative for ṯn, as in ṯnj (“where”).

Determinative in qmꜣ (“to throw, to create”).

Determinative for foreign countries and people, as in ṯḥnw (“Libya”), ꜥꜣm (“Asiatic”), nḥsj (“Nubian”).

phonetic determinative
phonetic determinative#English

Alternative form of 𓆱 (M3) as a phonetic determinative for ḏꜥ, as in ḏꜥr (“to seek out”).

𓆱

Alternative form of 𓊧 (P11) in mjnj (“to moor”).

Alternative form of 𓐨 (Aa26) in sbj (“rebel”).


šdšd

Sd:d-Sd:d- (canonical masculine)
šdšd (singular)
šdšdwj (dual)
šdšdw (plural)

a bulbous, curling ornament or protuberance attached to the front of divine standards, particularly that of Wepwawet


bꜣyt

bꜣyt (singular)
bꜣytj (dual)
bꜣywt (plural)


sAb

Manuel de Codage transliteration of sꜣb.


bbt

bbt (singular)
bbtj (dual)
bbwt (plural)


ḏd-pꜣ-nṯr-jw.f-ꜥnḫ

desc

צָפְנַת פַּעְנֵחַ

Hebrew: צָפְנַת פַּעְנֵחַ (ṣop̄naṯ paʿnēaḥ)

(Septuagint) Ancient Greek: Ψονθομφανήχ (Psonthomphanḗkh)

Latin: Psontonphanech

Bohairic Coptic: Ⲯⲟⲛⲑⲱⲙⲫⲁⲛⲏⲭ (Psonthōmphanēkh)

(Hexapla) Ancient Greek: Ψομθομφανήχ (Psomthomphanḗkh)

(Vetus Latina) Latin: Psompthomfanech

→ Latin: Zapfanethfane

→ English: Zaphnath-Paaneah

/t͡ʃʼapəˈnaːtə ʔəfʕəˈnaχ/

/t͡ʃʼapəˈnaːtə ʔəfʕəˈnaχ/

/d͡ʒɛd pɑ nɛt͡ʃɛr iuːʔɛf ɑːnx/

Compound of ḏd (“to speak”) + pꜣ (“the”) + nṯr (“god”) + jw (proclitic particle) + .f (masculine suffix pronoun) + ꜥnḫ (“to live”), thus producing "the god speaks, and he lives".

com+

a putative male given name or honorific title


wsr-mꜣꜥt-rꜥ

desc

Demotic: wsr-mꜣꜥ.t-rꜥ, smn-rꜥ, ns-mn-rꜥ, wsy-mn-rꜥ

→ Koine Greek: (semi-learned) Ὀσυμανδύας (Osumandúas), Ζμανρής (Zmanrḗs), Σμανρής (Smanrḗs)

→ English: Ozymandias

/wəsmuʕəˈɾeːʕə/

Demotic (Egyptian)
Ramesses II
cuneiform

From wsr + mꜣꜥt + rꜥ, meaning "The righteousness of the Sun (Ra) is powerful". It is attested as 𒉿𒀸𒈬𒀀𒊑𒀀 (wa-aš-mu-a-re-a) in Hittite cuneiform documents dating to the reign of Ramesses II (c. 1250 B.C.E.). In the Demotic period, the given name wsr-mꜣꜥt-rꜥ is frequently represented by the unetymological pronunciation spellings ns-mn-rꜥ and smn-rꜥ, which resemble contemporary Greek transcriptions (see below).

Pharaoh Ramesses II, after the first part of his throne name, Usermaatre Setepenre (wsr-mꜣꜥt-rꜥ stp.n-rꜥ).


šꜣrm

From a Northwest Semitic form reflected in Hebrew שָׁלוֹם (šālōm).

cog

Hebrew שָׁלוֹם (šālōm)

-W:A1:Z2-p*x:d:xr-Hr*Z1:D&d-SA:A-r:M:a-A4:Z2
wrw p(ꜣ)ḫd ḥr ḏd šꜣrm

c. 1208 B.C.E., Merneptah Stele, Line 26

The overthrown princes are saying ‘Peace!’


šꜣrm

Hebrew שָׁלוֹם (šālōm)

(intransitive, Late Egyptian) to sue for peace


jbn

jbn (singular)
jbnwj (dual)
jbnw (plural)


ꜣkwt

(hapax) a kind of external symptom of disease


bjf

b-i-f:D6 3-lit. (canonical)
bjf (infinitive)
bjfw (infinitive negative)
bjf (infinitive negative)
bjft (infinitive)
bjf (imperative infinitive singular)
bjf (imperative infinitive plural)
bjf (stative)
ḥr bjf (imperfective)
m bjf (imperfective)
r bjf (prospective)
bjf.n (active perfect)
bjfw (passive perfect)
bjf (passive perfect)
bjf.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
bjft (terminative)
bjf (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
bjf.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
bjf (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
bjf (active prospective)
bjff (passive prospective)
bjf.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
bjf (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
bjf.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
bjf (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
bjf (active participle perfective)
bjf (participle passive perfective)
bjfw (participle passive perfective)
bjfy (participle passive perfective)
bjf (active imperfective participle relative)
bjfy (active imperfective participle relative)
bjfw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
bjf (active imperfective participle)
bjfj (active imperfective participle)
bjfy (active imperfective participle)
bjf (imperfective participle passive)
bjfw (imperfective participle passive)
bjf (active participle prospective relative)
bjftj (active participle prospective relative)
bjftj (participle prospective)
bjft (participle prospective)


jmnḥ

jmnḥ (singular)
jmnḥwj (dual)
jmnḥw (plural)


wst

From wsj (“to saw”) + -t (feminine suffix).


jmḥ

i- -H-F20 3-lit. (canonical)
jmḥ (infinitive)
jmḥw (infinitive negative)
jmḥ (infinitive negative)
jmḥt (infinitive)
jmḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
jmḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
jmḥ (stative)
ḥr jmḥ (imperfective)
m jmḥ (imperfective)
r jmḥ (prospective)
jmḥ.n (active perfect)
jmḥw (passive perfect)
jmḥ (passive perfect)
jmḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jmḥt (terminative)
jmḥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jmḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jmḥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jmḥ (active prospective)
jmḥḥ (passive prospective)
jmḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jmḥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jmḥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jmḥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jmḥ (active participle perfective)
jmḥ (participle passive perfective)
jmḥw (participle passive perfective)
jmḥy (participle passive perfective)
jmḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
jmḥy (active imperfective participle relative)
jmḥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jmḥ (active imperfective participle)
jmḥj (active imperfective participle)
jmḥy (active imperfective participle)
jmḥ (imperfective participle passive)
jmḥw (imperfective participle passive)
jmḥ (active participle prospective relative)
jmḥtj (active participle prospective relative)
jmḥtj (participle prospective)
jmḥt (participle prospective)


swḫ

Alternative form of swḫꜣ (“to spend the night”)


wsj

w-s-T30 3ae inf. (canonical)
wst (infinitive)
wsj (infinitive)
wsw (infinitive negative)
ws (infinitive negative)
wswt (infinitive)
wsyt (infinitive)
ws (imperative infinitive singular)
ws (imperative infinitive plural)
wsy (imperative infinitive plural)
ws (stative)
wss (stative)
ḥr wst (imperfective)
ḥr wsj (imperfective)
m wst (imperfective)
m wsj (imperfective)
r wst (prospective)
r wsj (prospective)
ws.n (active perfect)
wsw (passive perfect)
ws (passive perfect)
wsy (passive perfect)
ws.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
wst (terminative)
wsyt (terminative)
ws (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ws.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ws (active imperfective)
wsy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
wsw (active prospective)
ws (active prospective)
wsy (active prospective)
wsw (passive prospective)
ws (passive prospective)
wsy (passive prospective)
ws.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ws (active subjunctive)
wsy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ws.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
wsw (active participle perfective relative)
wsy (active participle perfective relative)
ws (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ws (active participle perfective)
wsy (participle passive perfective)
ws (participle passive perfective)
wss (active imperfective participle relative)
wssy (active imperfective participle relative)
wssw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
wss (active imperfective participle)
wssj (active imperfective participle)
wssy (active imperfective participle)
wss (imperfective participle passive)
wssw (imperfective participle passive)
wsw (active participle prospective relative)
wsy (active participle prospective relative)
ws (active participle prospective relative)
wstj (active participle prospective relative)
wswtj (participle prospective)
wstj (participle prospective)
wst (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

wst, wsyt

wsw.tj1, ws.tj1, wsy.tj1, wsw.tw2, ws.tw2, wsy.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">-y</i> instead of the expected stative ending.

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲓⲉⲓⲥⲉ (ouieise)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲓⲥⲓ (ouisi), ⲃⲓⲥⲓ (bisi)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲟⲩⲓⲥⲉ (ouise)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲓⲥⲉ (oueise), ⲃⲓⲥⲉ (bise)

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE


wšn

w-S:n-H1:D40 3-lit. (canonical)
wšn (infinitive)
wšnw (infinitive negative)
wšn (infinitive negative)
wšnt (infinitive)
wšn (imperative infinitive singular)
wšn (imperative infinitive plural)
wšn (stative)
ḥr wšn (imperfective)
m wšn (imperfective)
r wšn (prospective)
wšn.n (active perfect)
wšnw (passive perfect)
wšn (passive perfect)
wšn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
wšnt (terminative)
wšn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
wšn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
wšn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
wšn (active prospective)
wšnn (passive prospective)
wšn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
wšn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
wšn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
wšn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
wšn (active participle perfective)
wšn (participle passive perfective)
wšnw (participle passive perfective)
wšny (participle passive perfective)
wšn (active imperfective participle relative)
wšny (active imperfective participle relative)
wšnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
wšn (active imperfective participle)
wšnj (active imperfective participle)
wšny (active imperfective participle)
wšn (imperfective participle passive)
wšnw (imperfective participle passive)
wšn (active participle prospective relative)
wšntj (active participle prospective relative)
wšntj (participle prospective)
wšnt (participle prospective)

z:f-t:*T30-A24-A1-n:k\-D52-E1-Z1:Z2ss-m-O35-nDs:n-Z9-t-Q7-!-w-S:n-H1:a-n:A1-n:k\-A-p-d-w-G38:Z2ss

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 144–146

I will slaughter bulls for you as a burnt offering, having wrung the necks of birds for you.

zft.j n.k kꜣw m zj n sḏt wšn.n.j n.k ꜣpdw

(transitive) to wring the neck of (birds)

(transitive, by extension) to sacrifice, to make an offering of (bread, etc.)


jmst

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲓⲥⲓ (amisi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲙⲓⲥⲉ (emise)


swḫꜣ

s-w-xA-A-nDs caus. 3-lit. (canonical)
swḫꜣ (infinitive)
swḫꜣw (infinitive negative)
swḫꜣ (infinitive negative)
swḫꜣt (infinitive)
swḫꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
swḫꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
swḫꜣ (stative)
ḥr swḫꜣ (imperfective)
m swḫꜣ (imperfective)
r swḫꜣ (prospective)
swḫꜣ.n (active perfect)
swḫꜣw (passive perfect)
swḫꜣ (passive perfect)
swḫꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
swḫꜣt (terminative)
swḫꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
swḫꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
swḫꜣ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
swḫꜣw (active prospective)
swḫꜣ (active prospective)
swḫꜣy (active prospective)
swḫꜣw (passive prospective)
swḫꜣ (passive prospective)
swḫꜣy (passive prospective)
swḫꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
swḫꜣ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
swḫꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
swḫꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
swḫꜣ (active participle perfective)
swḫꜣ (participle passive perfective)
swḫꜣw (participle passive perfective)
swḫꜣy (participle passive perfective)
swḫꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
swḫꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
swḫꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
swḫꜣ (active imperfective participle)
swḫꜣj (active imperfective participle)
swḫꜣy (active imperfective participle)
swḫꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
swḫꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
swḫꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
swḫꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
swḫꜣwtj (participle prospective)
swḫꜣtj (participle prospective)
swḫꜣt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-caus-x-lit

causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.

egy-conj-table

swḫꜣt

swḫꜣw.tj1, swḫꜣ.tj1, swḫꜣy.tj1, swḫꜣw.tw2, swḫꜣ.tw2, swḫꜣy.tw2

s- (causative prefix) + wḫꜣ (“to be foolish”).

af

i-W-s-W-f:G38-D54:k-r-t:h-t-rd-D54:k-i-W-a:wn-n:a-ib-Z1:k-r:z-W-xA-A-nDs:k-!-i-W-z:n-T35-m-D20-A2-k-r-s-xpr:r-x:r-rw-W-i-i-W-A24-A1:Z2:k
jw {sw}⟨ws⟩f.k r tht.k jw ꜥwn-jb.k r swḫꜣ.k jw snm.k r sḫpr ḫrwyw.k

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Eloquent Peasant, version B1 (pAmherst 1 and pBerlin 3023) lines 312–313

Your neglectfulness will violate you, your greed will make a fool of you, your rapacity will bring your enemies into being.

(transitive) to befool, to make a fool of (someone)


swḫꜣ

s-w-xA-A-nDs (canonical masculine)
swḫꜣ (singular)
swḫꜣwj (dual)
swḫꜣw (plural)

misspeaking or ineffectiveness in speaking (usually of spells, magic, etc.)


swḫꜣ

s-W-xA-A-N2 caus. 3-lit. (canonical)
swḫꜣ (infinitive)
swḫꜣw (infinitive negative)
swḫꜣ (infinitive negative)
swḫꜣt (infinitive)
swḫꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
swḫꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
swḫꜣ (stative)
ḥr swḫꜣ (imperfective)
m swḫꜣ (imperfective)
r swḫꜣ (prospective)
swḫꜣ.n (active perfect)
swḫꜣw (passive perfect)
swḫꜣ (passive perfect)
swḫꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
swḫꜣt (terminative)
swḫꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
swḫꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
swḫꜣ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
swḫꜣw (active prospective)
swḫꜣ (active prospective)
swḫꜣy (active prospective)
swḫꜣw (passive prospective)
swḫꜣ (passive prospective)
swḫꜣy (passive prospective)
swḫꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
swḫꜣ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
swḫꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
swḫꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
swḫꜣ (active participle perfective)
swḫꜣ (participle passive perfective)
swḫꜣw (participle passive perfective)
swḫꜣy (participle passive perfective)
swḫꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
swḫꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
swḫꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
swḫꜣ (active imperfective participle)
swḫꜣj (active imperfective participle)
swḫꜣy (active imperfective participle)
swḫꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
swḫꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
swḫꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
swḫꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
swḫꜣwtj (participle prospective)
swḫꜣtj (participle prospective)
swḫꜣt (participle prospective)

Prefixed with s- (causative prefix); the stem is perhaps wḫ (“to be dark”).

(intransitive) to spend the night (+ m: in (a place))


jsbnbn

(intransitive, with ḥr) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


ḏrḏr

Dr:r-Dr:r-i-A24-Y1V 4-lit. (canonical)
ḏrḏr (infinitive)
ḏrḏrw (infinitive negative)
ḏrḏr (infinitive negative)
ḏrḏrt (infinitive)
ḏrḏr (imperative infinitive singular)
ḏrḏr (imperative infinitive plural)
ḏrḏr (stative)
ḥr ḏrḏr (imperfective)
m ḏrḏr (imperfective)
r ḏrḏr (prospective)
ḏrḏr.n (active perfect)
ḏrḏr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḏrḏrt (active terminative)
ḏrḏr (active perfective)
ḏrḏr.ḫr (active obligative)
ḏrḏr (active imperfective)
ḏrḏrw (active prospective)
ḏrḏr (active prospective)
ḏrḏr.kꜣ (active potential)
ḏrḏr (active subjunctive)
ḏrḏr.n (active participle perfect)
ḏrḏr (active participle perfective)
ḏrḏr (participle passive perfective)
ḏrḏrw (participle passive perfective)
ḏrḏry (participle passive perfective)
ḏrḏr (active imperfective participle)
ḏrḏry (active imperfective participle)
ḏrḏrw (active imperfective participle)
ḏrḏrj (active imperfective participle)
ḏrḏr (imperfective participle passive)
ḏrḏrw (imperfective participle passive)
ḏrḏr (active participle prospective)
ḏrḏrtj (active participle prospective)
ḏrḏrwtj (participle prospective)
ḏrḏrtj (participle prospective)
ḏrḏrt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ḏrḏrt

ḏrḏrw.tj1, ḏrḏr.tj1, ḏrḏrw.tw2, ḏrḏr.tw2

/d͡ʒɛrd͡ʒɛr/

(intransitive) to be(come) strange, foreign


ḏrḏr

ḏrḏr (masculine singular)
ḏrḏrt (feminine singular)
ḏrḏrwj (dual masculine)
ḏrḏrtj (dual feminine)
ḏrḏrw (masculine plural)
ḏrḏrwt (feminine plural)
ḏrḏrt (feminine plural)

/d͡ʒɛrd͡ʒɛr/

perfective active participle of ḏrḏr: strange, foreign


wrm

wr:r-m 3-lit. (canonical)
wrm (infinitive)
wrmw (infinitive negative)
wrm (infinitive negative)
wrmt (infinitive)
wrm (imperative infinitive singular)
wrm (imperative infinitive plural)
wrm (stative)
ḥr wrm (imperfective)
m wrm (imperfective)
r wrm (prospective)
wrm.n (active perfect)
wrmw (passive perfect)
wrm (passive perfect)
wrm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
wrmt (terminative)
wrm (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
wrm.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
wrm (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
wrm (active prospective)
wrmm (passive prospective)
wrm.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
wrm (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
wrm.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
wrm (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
wrm (active participle perfective)
wrm (participle passive perfective)
wrmw (participle passive perfective)
wrmy (participle passive perfective)
wrm (active imperfective participle relative)
wrmy (active imperfective participle relative)
wrmw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
wrm (active imperfective participle)
wrmj (active imperfective participle)
wrmy (active imperfective participle)
wrm (imperfective participle passive)
wrmw (imperfective participle passive)
wrm (active participle prospective relative)
wrmtj (active participle prospective relative)
wrmtj (participle prospective)
wrmt (participle prospective)

Perhaps compare Proto-Semitic *rayam-, Proto-Semitic *rawam-, Arabic وَرِمَ (warima).

(intransitive) to grow, to rise, to be high


wrm

wrm (singular)
wrmwj (dual)
wrmw (plural)

Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲁⲙ (ouram)


wrm

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲣⲱⲙ (ourōm)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲣⲱⲙ (mrōm), ⲉⲙⲣⲱⲙ (emrōm)


wrmt

wr:r-m-t- (canonical feminine)
wrmt (singular)
wrmtj (dual)
wrmwt (plural)

Perhaps from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *wurVm-. Possibly related to wrm (“to grow, to rise; flood, high point of inundation”).

h-A-<-p-p-i-i->-p-w-s-x:t-T27:n-G5-z-H-O22-f:Hr-tp:k-
-p:S-S:n-s-t:S-wr:r-m-t-

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume VI, Providence: Brown University, PT 690.21–690.22 (Pyr. 2100a–2100c), P

hꜣ ppj pw sḫt.n ḥr zḥ.k ḥr tp.k pšš.n stš wrmwt.k šnj[.t(j)] jn zḥ-nṯr

(often in the plural) canopy, awning, coverings of a shelter or tent

roof of a building, roofing, perhaps sometimes in particular battlements, crenellations, parapets along a roof


jꜣft

jꜣft (singular)
jꜣftj (dual)
jꜣfwt (plural)

Possibly from Proto-Afroasiatic *liʔif-/*liʔaf (“fingernail, claw”).


rmrmt

rmrmt (singular)
rmrmtj (dual)
rmrmwt (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲣⲉⲣⲙⲏ (rermē)


dbꜣ

d-b-A-D12:A15 3-lit. (canonical)
dbꜣ (infinitive)
dbꜣw (infinitive negative)
dbꜣ (infinitive negative)
dbꜣt (infinitive)
dbꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
dbꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
dbꜣ (stative)
ḥr dbꜣ (imperfective)
m dbꜣ (imperfective)
r dbꜣ (prospective)
dbꜣ.n (active perfect)
dbꜣw (passive perfect)
dbꜣ (passive perfect)
dbꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
dbꜣt (terminative)
dbꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
dbꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
dbꜣ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
dbꜣ (active prospective)
dbꜣꜣ (passive prospective)
dbꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
dbꜣ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
dbꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
dbꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
dbꜣ (active participle perfective)
dbꜣ (participle passive perfective)
dbꜣw (participle passive perfective)
dbꜣy (participle passive perfective)
dbꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
dbꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
dbꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
dbꜣ (active imperfective participle)
dbꜣj (active imperfective participle)
dbꜣy (active imperfective participle)
dbꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
dbꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
dbꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
dbꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
dbꜣtj (participle prospective)
dbꜣt (participle prospective)

Tomb of Ankhmahor, relief showing circumcision, Saqqara

(intransitive) to fall, to lose consciousness, to faint


rmrm

r-m-r-m-Z9:D40 4-lit. (canonical)
rmrm (infinitive)
rmrmw (infinitive negative)
rmrm (infinitive negative)
rmrmt (infinitive)
rmrm (imperative infinitive singular)
rmrm (imperative infinitive plural)
rmrm (stative)
ḥr rmrm (imperfective)
m rmrm (imperfective)
r rmrm (prospective)
rmrm.n (active perfect)
rmrmw (passive perfect)
rmrm (passive perfect)
rmrm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
rmrmt (terminative)
rmrm (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
rmrm.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
rmrm (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
rmrmw (active prospective)
rmrm (active prospective)
rmrmw (passive prospective)
rmrm (passive prospective)
rmrm.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
rmrm (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
rmrm.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
rmrm (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
rmrm (active participle perfective)
rmrm (participle passive perfective)
rmrmw (participle passive perfective)
rmrmy (participle passive perfective)
rmrm (active imperfective participle relative)
rmrmy (active imperfective participle relative)
rmrmw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
rmrm (active imperfective participle)
rmrmj (active imperfective participle)
rmrmy (active imperfective participle)
rmrm (imperfective participle passive)
rmrmw (imperfective participle passive)
rmrm (active participle prospective relative)
rmrmtj (active participle prospective relative)
rmrmwtj (participle prospective)
rmrmtj (participle prospective)
rmrmt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

rmrmt

rmrmw.tj1, rmrm.tj1, rmrmw.tw2, rmrm.tw2

(transitive, rare) to chastise, to beat (with a stick)


bns

R7*W24:z-T30 3-lit. (canonical)
bns (infinitive)
bnsw (infinitive negative)
bns (infinitive negative)
bnst (infinitive)
bns (imperative infinitive singular)
bns (imperative infinitive plural)
bns (stative)
ḥr bns (imperfective)
m bns (imperfective)
r bns (prospective)
bns.n (active perfect)
bnsw (passive perfect)
bns (passive perfect)
bns.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
bnst (terminative)
bns (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
bns.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
bns (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
bns (active prospective)
bnss (passive prospective)
bns.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
bns (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
bns.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
bns (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
bns (active participle perfective)
bns (participle passive perfective)
bnsw (participle passive perfective)
bnsy (participle passive perfective)
bns (active imperfective participle relative)
bnsy (active imperfective participle relative)
bnsw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
bns (active imperfective participle)
bnsj (active imperfective participle)
bnsy (active imperfective participle)
bns (imperfective participle passive)
bnsw (imperfective participle passive)
bns (active participle prospective relative)
bnstj (active participle prospective relative)
bnstj (participle prospective)
bnst (participle prospective)


ḫpd

ḫpd (singular)
ḫpdwj (dual)
ḫpdw (plural)

Possibly froma form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *paḫVǯ-. Compare also Proto-Semitic **paḫ(i)d_-, Arabic فَخِذ (faḵiḏ, “thigh”).

(usually in the dual) buttock(s), butt, rump


mṯꜣ

mṯꜣ (singular)
mṯꜣwj (dual)
mṯꜣw (plural)


mṯꜣ

m-TA-A-A2 3-lit. (canonical)
mṯꜣ (infinitive)
mṯꜣw (infinitive negative)
mṯꜣ (infinitive negative)
mṯꜣt (infinitive)
mṯꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
mṯꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
mṯꜣ (stative)
ḥr mṯꜣ (imperfective)
m mṯꜣ (imperfective)
r mṯꜣ (prospective)
mṯꜣ.n (active perfect)
mṯꜣw (passive perfect)
mṯꜣ (passive perfect)
mṯꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
mṯꜣt (terminative)
mṯꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
mṯꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
mṯꜣ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
mṯꜣ (active prospective)
mṯꜣꜣ (passive prospective)
mṯꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
mṯꜣ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
mṯꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
mṯꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
mṯꜣ (active participle perfective)
mṯꜣ (participle passive perfective)
mṯꜣw (participle passive perfective)
mṯꜣy (participle passive perfective)
mṯꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
mṯꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
mṯꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
mṯꜣ (active imperfective participle)
mṯꜣj (active imperfective participle)
mṯꜣy (active imperfective participle)
mṯꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
mṯꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
mṯꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
mṯꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
mṯꜣtj (participle prospective)
mṯꜣt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to challenge, to taunt, to flout


ꜥmḏ

a-G20-U28-D55 3-lit. (canonical)
ꜥmḏ (infinitive)
ꜥmḏw (infinitive negative)
ꜥmḏ (infinitive negative)
ꜥmḏt (infinitive)
ꜥmḏ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥmḏ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥmḏ (stative)
ḥr ꜥmḏ (imperfective)
m ꜥmḏ (imperfective)
r ꜥmḏ (prospective)
ꜥmḏ.n (active perfect)
ꜥmḏw (passive perfect)
ꜥmḏ (passive perfect)
ꜥmḏ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜥmḏt (terminative)
ꜥmḏ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜥmḏ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜥmḏ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜥmḏ (active prospective)
ꜥmḏḏ (passive prospective)
ꜥmḏ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜥmḏ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜥmḏ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜥmḏ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜥmḏ (active participle perfective)
ꜥmḏ (participle passive perfective)
ꜥmḏw (participle passive perfective)
ꜥmḏy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥmḏ (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥmḏy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥmḏw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜥmḏ (active imperfective participle)
ꜥmḏj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥmḏy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥmḏ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥmḏw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥmḏ (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥmḏtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥmḏtj (participle prospective)
ꜥmḏt (participle prospective)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲱⲙϫ (ōmč)

/ˈʕaːmət͡ʃʼ/

/ˈʕoːmət͡ʃʼ/

/ˈʕaːmət͡ʃʼ/

/ˈʕoːmət͡ʃʼ/

i-A26-i-mn:n-p:ir-A41-n:p-N17:n-H-s-T14-xAst-i-A2-D37--…--!-Ax-Y1:Z2-M:D37-ir-A41-sw-n:p:k-w-ini-Y1:Z2-n:p-N17:n-xA-rw:xAst-i-A2-a-G20-DA-D54\:Z2ss-r:r:k
j jmn p(ꜣ) (j.)jr.j n p(ꜣ) tꜣ nḥs j.dj […] jmj jr.j sw n p(ꜣy).k jnw n(j) p(ꜣ) tꜣ n(j) ḫꜣr(w) j.Ꜥmḏ r-r.k

c. 7th century B.C.E., Karnak temple, J2 fragment of an inscription of Taharqa, columns 5–6

O Amun, what I did in the Land of Nubia, grant […] let me do it with your tribute from the land of Syria which is turned away from you.


qmd

q-m-d-:A2 3-lit. (canonical)
qmd (infinitive)
qmdw (infinitive negative)
qmd (infinitive negative)
qmdt (infinitive)
qmd (imperative infinitive singular)
qmd (imperative infinitive plural)
qmd (stative)
ḥr qmd (imperfective)
m qmd (imperfective)
r qmd (prospective)
qmd.n (active perfect)
qmdw (passive perfect)
qmd (passive perfect)
qmd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
qmdt (terminative)
qmd (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
qmd.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
qmd (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
qmd (active prospective)
qmdd (passive prospective)
qmd.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
qmd (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
qmd.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
qmd (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
qmd (active participle perfective)
qmd (participle passive perfective)
qmdw (participle passive perfective)
qmdy (participle passive perfective)
qmd (active imperfective participle relative)
qmdy (active imperfective participle relative)
qmdw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
qmd (active imperfective participle)
qmdj (active imperfective participle)
qmdy (active imperfective participle)
qmd (imperfective participle passive)
qmdw (imperfective participle passive)
qmd (active participle prospective relative)
qmdtj (active participle prospective relative)
qmdtj (participle prospective)
qmdt (participle prospective)


qmd

q-A-Aa15-d:t- 3-lit. (canonical)
qmd (infinitive)
qmdw (infinitive negative)
qmd (infinitive negative)
qmdt (infinitive)
qmd (imperative infinitive singular)
qmd (imperative infinitive plural)
qmd (stative)
ḥr qmd (imperfective)
m qmd (imperfective)
r qmd (prospective)
qmd.n (active perfect)
qmdw (passive perfect)
qmd (passive perfect)
qmd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
qmdt (terminative)
qmd (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
qmd.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
qmd (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
qmd (active prospective)
qmdd (passive prospective)
qmd.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
qmd (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
qmd.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
qmd (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
qmd (active participle perfective)
qmd (participle passive perfective)
qmdw (participle passive perfective)
qmdy (participle passive perfective)
qmd (active imperfective participle relative)
qmdy (active imperfective participle relative)
qmdw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
qmd (active imperfective participle)
qmdj (active imperfective participle)
qmdy (active imperfective participle)
qmd (imperfective participle passive)
qmdw (imperfective participle passive)
qmd (active participle prospective relative)
qmdtj (active participle prospective relative)
qmdtj (participle prospective)
qmdt (participle prospective)


pḏ nmtt

pḏ (“to stretch”) + nmtt (“stride, walking”).

af

T9:D54-D54-D54-D54-p-w-s*sk:k-G37:f-b-h-A-Z7-D54:A1

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 56

He is one who strides widely to shoot down those in flight.


bhꜣw

bhꜣw (singular)
bhꜣwwj (dual)
bhꜣww (plural)

bhꜣ (“to flee, to turn tail”) + -w (agent nominalizer).

T9:D54-D54-D54-D54-p-w-s*sk:k-G37:f-b-h-A-W-D54:A1

He is one who strides widely when he destroys the fleeing man.

person on the retreat or in flight, fugitive, retreater


pḏ šs

pḏ (to stretch) + šs (“cord”), thus ‘stretching the cord’.

the stretching the cord ceremony (+ ḥr or m: for (a temple, building))


pḏ

p:D-T9 2-lit. (canonical)
pḏ (infinitive)
pḏw (infinitive negative)
pḏ (infinitive negative)
pḏt (infinitive)
pḏ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.pḏ (imperative infinitive singular)
pḏ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.pḏ (imperative infinitive plural)
pḏ (stative)
ḥr pḏ (imperfective)
m pḏ (imperfective)
r pḏ (prospective)
pḏ.n (active perfect)
pḏw (passive perfect)
pḏ (passive perfect)
pḏ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
pḏt (terminative)
pḏ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
pḏ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
pḏ (active imperfective)
j.pḏ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
pḏ (active prospective)
pḏḏ (passive prospective)
pḏ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
pḏ (active subjunctive)
j.pḏ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
pḏ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
pḏ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
pḏ (active participle perfective)
pḏḏ (participle passive perfective)
pḏḏj (participle passive perfective)
pḏ (participle passive perfective)
pḏw (participle passive perfective)
pḏy (participle passive perfective)
j.pḏ (active imperfective participle relative)
pḏ (active imperfective participle relative)
pḏy (active imperfective participle relative)
pḏw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.pḏ (active imperfective participle)
j.pḏw (active imperfective participle)
pḏ (active imperfective participle)
pḏj (active imperfective participle)
pḏy (active imperfective participle)
pḏ (imperfective participle passive)
pḏw (imperfective participle passive)
pḏ (active participle prospective relative)
pḏtj (active participle prospective relative)
pḏtj (participle prospective)
pḏt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to stretch out, to spread out


𓁑

Representing a seated pregnant woman with possibly a ritual knot or tie in her hair that may symbolise tightness that is to be released during labor.

Determinative for pregnancy, as in jwr (“to conceive”), bkꜣ (“to be(come) pregnant”).


rꜣ-ꜣw

r:Z1-Aw-w-N25 m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)


jrkt

jrkt (singular)
jrktj (dual)
jrkwt (plural)


𓁒

Representing a woman giving birth, in the posture that would typically be adopted by Egyptian women in such a scenario (crouching over birth bricks, though the bricks themselves are not depicted).

Determinative for giving birth, as in msj (“to give birth”), pꜥpꜥ (“to give birth”), etc.


𓄣

Representing a sheep’s heart in cross-section; the neck and protrusions represent the junctures of the arteries and veins. The glyph is typically painted red, sometimes with a lighter upper part. A variant form without any interior markings or exterior protrusions (essentially a simple oval) was often used as a determinative of ḥꜣtj in the Old Kingdom. Compare the Chinese character 心.


mnx

Manuel de Codage transliteration of mnḫ.


xwi

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ḫwj.


wsx

Manuel de Codage transliteration of wsḫ.


wAD

Manuel de Codage transliteration of wꜣḏ.


HDt

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ḥḏt.


HAt

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ḥꜣt.


Xnm

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ẖnm.


Sdi

Manuel de Codage transliteration of šdj.


iwA

Manuel de Codage transliteration of jwꜣ.


sxm

Manuel de Codage transliteration of sḫm.


Xrw

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ẖrw.


xrw

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ḫrw.


ḥmt-nswt

ḥmt-nswt (singular)
ḥmtj-nswt (dual)
ḥmwt-nswt (plural)

From ḥmt + nswt in a direct genitive construction. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition of the (n)sw(t) glyph.


Spsi

Manuel de Codage transliteration of špsj.


Sps

Manuel de Codage transliteration of šps.


ḥmt-nswt-wrt

ḥmt-nswt-wrt (singular)
ḥmtj-nswt-wrtj (dual)
ḥmwt-nswt-wrwt (plural)
ḥmwt-nswt-wrt (plural)

From ḥmt-nswt (“queen”) + wrt (“great”).


Dsr

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ḏsr.


HqA

Manuel de Codage transliteration of ḥqꜣ.


jhb

jhb (singular)
jhbwj (dual)
jhbw (plural)


dḫ

d:x- 2-lit. (canonical)
dḫ (infinitive)
dḫw (infinitive negative)
dḫ (infinitive negative)
dḫt (infinitive)
dḫ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.dḫ (imperative infinitive singular)
dḫ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.dḫ (imperative infinitive plural)
dḫ (stative)
ḥr dḫ (imperfective)
m dḫ (imperfective)
r dḫ (prospective)
dḫ.n (active perfect)
dḫw (passive perfect)
dḫ (passive perfect)
dḫ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
dḫt (terminative)
dḫ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
dḫ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
dḫ (active imperfective)
j.dḫ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
dḫ (active prospective)
dḫḫ (passive prospective)
dḫ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
dḫ (active subjunctive)
j.dḫ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
dḫ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
dḫ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
dḫ (active participle perfective)
dḫḫ (participle passive perfective)
dḫḫj (participle passive perfective)
dḫ (participle passive perfective)
dḫw (participle passive perfective)
dḫy (participle passive perfective)
j.dḫ (active imperfective participle relative)
dḫ (active imperfective participle relative)
dḫy (active imperfective participle relative)
dḫw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.dḫ (active imperfective participle)
j.dḫw (active imperfective participle)
dḫ (active imperfective participle)
dḫj (active imperfective participle)
dḫy (active imperfective participle)
dḫ (imperfective participle passive)
dḫw (imperfective participle passive)
dḫ (active participle prospective relative)
dḫtj (active participle prospective relative)
dḫtj (participle prospective)
dḫt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to hide, to be(come) hidden


dḫ

d:x-A15:D40 2-lit. (canonical)
dḫ (infinitive)
dḫw (infinitive negative)
dḫ (infinitive negative)
dḫt (infinitive)
dḫ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.dḫ (imperative infinitive singular)
dḫ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.dḫ (imperative infinitive plural)
dḫ (stative)
ḥr dḫ (imperfective)
m dḫ (imperfective)
r dḫ (prospective)
dḫ.n (active perfect)
dḫw (passive perfect)
dḫ (passive perfect)
dḫ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
dḫt (terminative)
dḫ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
dḫ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
dḫ (active imperfective)
j.dḫ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
dḫ (active prospective)
dḫḫ (passive prospective)
dḫ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
dḫ (active subjunctive)
j.dḫ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
dḫ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
dḫ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
dḫ (active participle perfective)
dḫḫ (participle passive perfective)
dḫḫj (participle passive perfective)
dḫ (participle passive perfective)
dḫw (participle passive perfective)
dḫy (participle passive perfective)
j.dḫ (active imperfective participle relative)
dḫ (active imperfective participle relative)
dḫy (active imperfective participle relative)
dḫw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.dḫ (active imperfective participle)
j.dḫw (active imperfective participle)
dḫ (active imperfective participle)
dḫj (active imperfective participle)
dḫy (active imperfective participle)
dḫ (imperfective participle passive)
dḫw (imperfective participle passive)
dḫ (active participle prospective relative)
dḫtj (active participle prospective relative)
dḫtj (participle prospective)
dḫt (participle prospective)


dmD

Manuel de Codage transliteration of dmḏ.


wbḫt

wbḫ (“to become bright, to brighten”) + -t.


ḥnzkt

H-Hn:n-z:k-t- (canonical feminine)
ḥnzkt (singular)
ḥnzktj (dual)
ḥnzkwt (plural)


ḥnzk

H-W10:n-z:k-V1:D40 4-lit. (canonical)
ḥnzk (infinitive)
ḥnzkw (infinitive negative)
ḥnzk (infinitive negative)
ḥnzkt (infinitive)
ḥnzk (imperative infinitive singular)
ḥnzk (imperative infinitive plural)
ḥnzk (stative)
ḥr ḥnzk (imperfective)
m ḥnzk (imperfective)
r ḥnzk (prospective)
ḥnzk.n (active perfect)
ḥnzkw (passive perfect)
ḥnzk (passive perfect)
ḥnzk.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḥnzkt (terminative)
ḥnzk (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḥnzk.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḥnzk (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḥnzkw (active prospective)
ḥnzk (active prospective)
ḥnzkw (passive prospective)
ḥnzk (passive prospective)
ḥnzk.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḥnzk (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḥnzk.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḥnzk (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḥnzk (active participle perfective)
ḥnzk (participle passive perfective)
ḥnzkw (participle passive perfective)
ḥnzky (participle passive perfective)
ḥnzk (active imperfective participle relative)
ḥnzky (active imperfective participle relative)
ḥnzkw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ḥnzk (active imperfective participle)
ḥnzkj (active imperfective participle)
ḥnzky (active imperfective participle)
ḥnzk (imperfective participle passive)
ḥnzkw (imperfective participle passive)
ḥnzk (active participle prospective relative)
ḥnzktj (active participle prospective relative)
ḥnzkwtj (participle prospective)
ḥnzktj (participle prospective)
ḥnzkt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ḥnzkt

ḥnzkw.tj1, ḥnzk.tj1, ḥnzkw.tw2, ḥnzk.tw2


ꜥr

Demotic: ꜥl

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲗ (al)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲗ (al)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉⲗ (el)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲗ (al)

pebble, including as used as a game piece


ꜥr

a:r- (canonical masculine)
ꜥr (singular)
ꜥrwj (dual)
ꜥrw (plural)


SsA

Manuel de Codage transliteration of šsꜣ.


𓅃

Representing a falcon, variously identified as a lanner falcon or peregrine falcon.

(occasionally) Alternative form of 𓅆 (G7).


tAwy

Manuel de Codage transliteration of tꜣwj.


𓁖

Representing a woman seated on a chair holding a child in her lap.

Determinative in rnn (“to bring up, to nurse”).


𓁗

Representing a seated queen wearing a diadem and carrying a flower.


𓁓

Representing a woman giving birth, with the depiction of the child’s emerging head and arms seen in 𓁒 (B3) symbolically replaced by fennec skins from the hieroglyph 𓄟 (ms), itself used in various words relating to birth and children. In old examples the woman and the skins are found almost or completely separated.

(rare, in a single hieratic manuscript) Alternative form of 𓀂 (A3).


𓁔

Representing a woman breastfeeding a child in the usual posture (seated on the ground). Simplified version: 𓁕 (

).

Determinative for nursing or breastfeeding, as in mnꜥ (“to nurse, to suckle”), mnꜥt (“wet nurse”).


𓊍

Representing a stairway, conventionally with four steps.

Logogram for or determinative in rwd (“stairway”).

Logogram for or determinative in ḫtw (“platform, terrace, terraced hillside”).

Determinative for stairways and stepped constructions.


𓊎

Determinative for words relating to ascent, as in jꜥr (“to ascend”), qꜣy (“ascent, high place”).


𓊖

Representing a round settlement, walled and divided by crossroads. Similar settlements are archaeologically attested in Upper Egypt since the earliest periods of urbanization, and this hieroglyph is also attested very early. In the Old and Middle Kingdoms the streets are occasionally found in a different orientation

, horizontal and vertical instead of diagonal; this is even more frequent in inscriptions of the Heracleopolitan Period and 11th dynasty. Compare the Chinese character 囗.

Determinative in names of settlements and inhabited places, as in kmt (“Egypt”), wꜣst (“Thebes”), spꜣt (“estate, farm”).


𓊅

Originally representing the plan of a fortified brick enclosure with buttresslike projections. Very early this signification was forgotten and the glyph was reinterpreted as a wall. A horizontal variant

 is also found. Compare the Chinese character 囗.

Logogram for or determinative in jnb (“wall”).

Determinative for walls, as in wmtt (“fortification, bulwark”), snb (“to overleap (a wall)”).


𓏲

desctree

Phoenician: 𐤅 (w)
Ancient Greek: Ϝ (W), Υ (U)
Cyrillic: Ѕ, У, Ѵ
Gothic: 𐍅
Old Italic: 𐌅, 𐌖
Latin: F, Y, U, V, W
Aramaic: 𐡅
Syriac: ܘ
Arabic: و
Hebrew: ו
(debated) Brahmi: 𑀯

A readaptation into hieroglyphs of the abbreviated hieratic form of 𓅱 (w). The hieratic form grows increasingly common from the 9th dynasty onward, whereas its hieroglyphic readaptation first becomes notably common during the reign of Akhenaten.


𓊌

Representing a cut block of stone or brick. The dimension of the sign varies, and it may be written long like 𓈙 (S), with which it should not be confused, although it was often written shorter to distinguish it. The stone glyph conventionally colored either white (in many examples, representing a whitish stone such as limestone), or blue (in other examples, perhaps representing a mud-brick—as Egyptian scribes generally used a limited color palette that did not include grey or brown—or a block of dark stone such as basalt or greywacke).
Compare the Chinese character 石.

Determinative for stone, as in jnr (“stone”), ꜥꜣt (“precious stone”), dbn (“deben, a measure of weight”), ꜥr (“pebble”), ḏbt (“brick”).


𓉿

Phoenician: 𐤃 (d)
Ancient Greek: Δ (D), δ (d)
Cyrillic: Д, д
Old Italic: 𐌃
Latin: D, d
Aramaic: 𐡃 (d)
Syriac: ܕ
Arabic: د (d)
Hebrew: ד
Pahlavi:
Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭣 (d)
Inscriptional Parthian: 𐭃 (d)
Avestan:  𐬛
(debated) Brahmi: 𑀥

Representing a doorleaf, in the form of a wooden panel with bronze flashing along one edge, terminating in two cylindrical bronze pins that turned in the hinge. Because this sign was usually accompanied by horizontal signs such as 𓉻 (aA), it was typically written in a horizontal orientation as well in order to better fill the available space.

Logogram for or determinative in ꜥꜣ (“doorleaf”).

Determinative in words relating to opening something, as in wn (“to open”), zn (“to open”).


jꜣꜥš

Alternative form of ꜥš (“to call, to summon”)


jꜣyt

jꜣyt (singular)
jꜣytj (dual)
jꜣywt (plural)


jmjw-jꜣwt.sn

From jmj (“being in”) + -w (plural suffix) + jꜣwt (plural of jꜣt (“mound”)) + .sn (third-person plural suffix pronoun), literally “those in their mounds”. Some variants leave off .sn for a meaning of “those in the mounds”.

af

jꜣwt<pos:plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jꜣt</i> (“mound”)>

.sn<pos:third-person plural suffix pronoun>

(plural only) a group of seven snake gods who defend Ra from Apophis


jꜣwtj

jꜣwtj (singular)
jꜣwtjwj (dual)
jꜣwtjw (plural)


jꜣbtjw

Z9-N31:n-A1-Hr-Z1-iAb-b-t-tyw-N23-Z1-i-A2-k\-w-A19-xAst--m-Hr:r--i--i-t--pt:*xAst*-nb:*t*-I12-Dw:S-G27
swꜣ.n.j ḥr jꜣbtjw jkw [m ḥryt] nb[t]-ḏw-(d)š(r)

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 14–15

I passed by the east side of the Tura quarry [above] the Lad[y] of the Red Mountain.

Z9:D54-n:A1-Hr-Z1-iAb-b-tyw-xAst-i-A2-k\-W-A19-xAst-m-Hr:r-i-i-t:pt-*nb*:t-Dw-d:S-r:Z5-I12
swꜣ.n.j ḥr jꜣbtjw jkw m ḥryt [nb]t-ḏw-dšr

c. 1800 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version R (pRamesseum A/pBerlin 10499, Verso) lines 39–41

I passed by the east side of the Tura quarry above the [Lad]y of the Red Mountain.


mḏꜣ

mḏꜣ (singular)
mḏꜣwj (dual)
mḏꜣw (plural)


ḫpp

ḫpp (masculine singular)
ḫppt (feminine singular)
ḫppwj (dual masculine)
ḫpptj (dual feminine)
ḫppw (masculine plural)
ḫppwt (feminine plural)
ḫppt (feminine plural)


ḫpp

ḫpp (singular)
ḫppwj (dual)
ḫppw (plural)


ḥbbt

ḥbbt (singular)
ḥbbtj (dual)
ḥbbwt (plural)


jꜣj

i-A-A30 3ae inf. (canonical)
jꜣt (infinitive)
jꜣj (infinitive)
jꜣw (infinitive negative)
jꜣ (infinitive negative)
jꜣwt (infinitive)
jꜣyt (infinitive)
jꜣ (imperative infinitive singular)
jꜣ (imperative infinitive plural)
jꜣy (imperative infinitive plural)
jꜣ (stative)
jꜣꜣ (stative)
ḥr jꜣt (imperfective)
ḥr jꜣj (imperfective)
m jꜣt (imperfective)
m jꜣj (imperfective)
r jꜣt (prospective)
r jꜣj (prospective)
jꜣ.n (active perfect)
jꜣw (passive perfect)
jꜣ (passive perfect)
jꜣy (passive perfect)
jꜣ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jꜣt (terminative)
jꜣyt (terminative)
jꜣ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jꜣ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jꜣ (active imperfective)
jꜣy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jꜣw (active prospective)
jꜣ (active prospective)
jꜣy (active prospective)
jꜣw (passive prospective)
jꜣ (passive prospective)
jꜣy (passive prospective)
jꜣ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jꜣ (active subjunctive)
jꜣy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jꜣ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jꜣw (active participle perfective relative)
jꜣy (active participle perfective relative)
jꜣ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jꜣ (active participle perfective)
jꜣy (participle passive perfective)
jꜣ (participle passive perfective)
jꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle relative)
jꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle relative)
jꜣꜣw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jꜣꜣ (active imperfective participle)
jꜣꜣj (active imperfective participle)
jꜣꜣy (active imperfective participle)
jꜣꜣ (imperfective participle passive)
jꜣꜣw (imperfective participle passive)
jꜣw (active participle prospective relative)
jꜣy (active participle prospective relative)
jꜣ (active participle prospective relative)
jꜣtj (active participle prospective relative)
jꜣwtj (participle prospective)
jꜣtj (participle prospective)
jꜣt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

jꜣt, jꜣyt

jꜣw.tj1, jꜣ.tj1, jꜣy.tj1, jꜣw.tw2, jꜣ.tw2, jꜣy.tw2


wꜥbw

wꜥbw (singular)
wꜥbwwj (dual)
wꜥbww (plural)

pure or sacred robe worn by gods and the dead


jꜣṯw

jꜣṯw (singular)
jꜣṯwwj (dual)
jꜣṯww (plural)

jꜣṯ (“to be(come) injured, mutilated”) + -w. Compare jꜣtjw (“mutilation”) of the same derivation.


m-ḏr

Coptic: ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- (n̄te-)

m (“in”) + ḏr (“limit, since, because”).

(Late Egyptian) makes a subjunctive-prospective sḏm.f construction serve as a dependent temporal clause

as, when, at the time of, upon (some occurrence)


wpw ḥr

(at the start of a clause) in particular, particularly


jꜣm

i-A-m-V1 3-lit. (canonical)
jꜣm (infinitive)
jꜣmw (infinitive negative)
jꜣm (infinitive negative)
jꜣmt (infinitive)
jꜣm (imperative infinitive singular)
jꜣm (imperative infinitive plural)
jꜣm (stative)
ḥr jꜣm (imperfective)
m jꜣm (imperfective)
r jꜣm (prospective)
jꜣm.n (active perfect)
jꜣmw (passive perfect)
jꜣm (passive perfect)
jꜣm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jꜣmt (terminative)
jꜣm (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jꜣm.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jꜣm (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jꜣm (active prospective)
jꜣmm (passive prospective)
jꜣm.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jꜣm (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jꜣm.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jꜣm (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jꜣm (active participle perfective)
jꜣm (participle passive perfective)
jꜣmw (participle passive perfective)
jꜣmy (participle passive perfective)
jꜣm (active imperfective participle relative)
jꜣmy (active imperfective participle relative)
jꜣmw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jꜣm (active imperfective participle)
jꜣmj (active imperfective participle)
jꜣmy (active imperfective participle)
jꜣm (imperfective participle passive)
jꜣmw (imperfective participle passive)
jꜣm (active participle prospective relative)
jꜣmtj (active participle prospective relative)
jꜣmtj (participle prospective)
jꜣmt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to bind (cattle) for sacrifice


jꜣm

Alternative form of jmꜣ (“to be(come) kindly, friendly, or gracious”)


šnꜥ

Sn:n-a:D54 3-lit. (canonical)
šnꜥ (infinitive)
šnꜥw (infinitive negative)
šnꜥ (infinitive negative)
šnꜥt (infinitive)
šnꜥ (imperative infinitive singular)
šnꜥ (imperative infinitive plural)
šnꜥ (stative)
ḥr šnꜥ (imperfective)
m šnꜥ (imperfective)
r šnꜥ (prospective)
šnꜥ.n (active perfect)
šnꜥw (passive perfect)
šnꜥ (passive perfect)
šnꜥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
šnꜥt (terminative)
šnꜥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
šnꜥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
šnꜥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
šnꜥ (active prospective)
šnꜥꜥ (passive prospective)
šnꜥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
šnꜥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
šnꜥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
šnꜥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
šnꜥ (active participle perfective)
šnꜥ (participle passive perfective)
šnꜥw (participle passive perfective)
šnꜥy (participle passive perfective)
šnꜥ (active imperfective participle relative)
šnꜥy (active imperfective participle relative)
šnꜥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
šnꜥ (active imperfective participle)
šnꜥj (active imperfective participle)
šnꜥy (active imperfective participle)
šnꜥ (imperfective participle passive)
šnꜥw (imperfective participle passive)
šnꜥ (active participle prospective relative)
šnꜥtj (active participle prospective relative)
šnꜥtj (participle prospective)
šnꜥt (participle prospective)

Coptic: ϣⲱⲱⲛⲉ (šōōne), ϣⲟⲟⲛ⸗ (šoon⸗)

(transitive) to drive off, to repulse, to repel (people, animals, bad weather, etc.)

(transitive) to hold (someone) off, to keep (someone) away (+ ḥr: from (a person); + r: from (a place))

(transitive) to expel, to banish (someone)

(transitive) to hamper (someone’s steps)


jꜣṯ

i-A-T-D57 3-lit. (canonical)
jꜣṯ (infinitive)
jꜣṯw (infinitive negative)
jꜣṯ (infinitive negative)
jꜣṯt (infinitive)
jꜣṯ (imperative infinitive singular)
jꜣṯ (imperative infinitive plural)
jꜣṯ (stative)
ḥr jꜣṯ (imperfective)
m jꜣṯ (imperfective)
r jꜣṯ (prospective)
jꜣṯ.n (active perfect)
jꜣṯ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
jꜣṯt (active terminative)
jꜣṯ (active perfective)
jꜣṯ.ḫr (active obligative)
jꜣṯ (active imperfective)
jꜣṯ (active prospective)
jꜣṯ.kꜣ (active potential)
jꜣṯ (active subjunctive)
jꜣṯ.n (active participle perfect)
jꜣṯ (active participle perfective)
jꜣṯ (participle passive perfective)
jꜣṯw (participle passive perfective)
jꜣṯy (participle passive perfective)
jꜣṯ (active imperfective participle)
jꜣṯy (active imperfective participle)
jꜣṯw (active imperfective participle)
jꜣṯj (active imperfective participle)
jꜣṯ (imperfective participle passive)
jꜣṯw (imperfective participle passive)
jꜣṯ (active participle prospective)
jꜣṯtj (active participle prospective)
jꜣṯtj (participle prospective)
jꜣṯt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to be(come) injured, to be(come) mutilated

(intransitive) to hurt, to be(come) painful

(intransitive) to be(come) missing, to abate or disappear (+ r: from)


sjp

s-i-p:Y1 caus. 2-lit. (canonical)
sjpt (infinitive)
sjp (infinitive)
sjpw (infinitive negative)
sjp (infinitive negative)
sjp (imperative infinitive singular)
sjp (imperative infinitive plural)
sjp (stative)
ḥr sjp (imperfective)
m sjp (imperfective)
r sjp (prospective)
sjp.n (active perfect)
sjpw (passive perfect)
sjp (passive perfect)
sjp.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sjpt (terminative)
sjp (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sjp.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sjp (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sjpw (active prospective)
sjp (active prospective)
sjpy (active prospective)
sjpw (passive prospective)
sjp (passive prospective)
sjpy (passive prospective)
sjp.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sjp (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sjp.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sjp (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sjp (active participle perfective)
sjp (participle passive perfective)
sjpw (participle passive perfective)
sjpy (participle passive perfective)
sjp (active imperfective participle relative)
sjpy (active imperfective participle relative)
sjpw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sjp (active imperfective participle)
sjpj (active imperfective participle)
sjpy (active imperfective participle)
sjp (imperfective participle passive)
sjpw (imperfective participle passive)
sjp (active participle prospective relative)
sjptj (active participle prospective relative)
sjpwtj (participle prospective)
sjptj (participle prospective)
sjpt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-caus-x-lit

causative biliteral / caus. 2-lit. / caus. 2rad.

egy-conj-table

sjpt

sjpw.tj1, sjp.tj1, sjpy.tj1, sjpw.tw2, sjp.tw2, sjpy.tw2

s- (causative prefix) + jp (“to account, to assign”).

af

(transitive) to deliver, to give over (a person) (+ n: to (another person, a fate, life, execution, etc.))

(transitive) to assign, allot, deliver, entrust (a thing) (+ n: to (a person))

(transitive) to check, examine, inspect (a person or thing)

(transitive) to visit, to come see, to check in on (someone)

(transitive) to manage, to organize (a land, a household, etc.)

(intransitive) to check up, to check and revise something


sjp

sjp (singular)
sjpwj (dual)
sjpw (plural)


znmwt

pH:D54-n:n:Z2-pH-w&y-wA-wA-t:xAst-z:n-X5:D54-n:n:Z2-z:n-mwt-t:xAst

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 8–10

We have reached the end of Lower Nubia, and we have passed by Bigeh.

Bigeh, an island at the first cataract of the Nile where Osiris was said to be buried


nb-mꜣꜥt-rꜥ

From nb-mꜣꜥt (“possessor of righteousness/truth”) + rꜥ + [Term?] (“Ra”), a nominal sentence meaning ‘Ra is the possessor of righteousness/truth’. Contemporary cuneiform transcriptions of the name include Akkadian 𒉌𒅁𒈬𒀀𒊑𒀀 (ni-ib-mu-a-ri-a) and Hurrian 𒉌𒅎𒈬𒌋𒊑𒄿𒀸 (ni-im-mu-u-ri-i-a[š] /nimmōrīa-/).

cog

A throne name notably borne by Amenhotep III, a pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty


jrj ḫprw

(chiefly of gods and the dead) to take on a new form (+ m: to assume the form of, to transform into, to manifest as)

to grow up (somewhere), to undergo one’s upbringing (in some place)


𓌡

Biliteral phonogram for wꜥ, including in the word wꜥ.


ẖꜣk-jb

ẖꜣk-jb (singular)
ẖꜣkwj-jb (dual)
ẖꜣkw-jb (plural)

ẖꜣk (“to be(come) cunning, devious”) + jb (“heart, mind”), literally ‘devious of mind’.

af

(usually in the plural) rebel, malcontent


ḥꜣb-zkr

ḥꜣb (“festival”) + zkr (“Sokar”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Festival of Sokar’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

the Festival of Sokar, a festival consisting of the dragging of the Sokar-bark and a procession called pẖr ḥꜣ jnbw (“circling around the walls”), celebrated on the 25th (later 26th) of Choiak


ẖꜣk

XA-A-k 3-lit. (canonical)
ẖꜣk (infinitive)
ẖꜣkw (infinitive negative)
ẖꜣk (infinitive negative)
ẖꜣkt (infinitive)
ẖꜣk (imperative infinitive singular)
ẖꜣk (imperative infinitive plural)
ẖꜣk (stative)
ḥr ẖꜣk (imperfective)
m ẖꜣk (imperfective)
r ẖꜣk (prospective)
ẖꜣk.n (active perfect)
ẖꜣk.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ẖꜣkt (active terminative)
ẖꜣk (active perfective)
ẖꜣk.ḫr (active obligative)
ẖꜣk (active imperfective)
ẖꜣk (active prospective)
ẖꜣk.kꜣ (active potential)
ẖꜣk (active subjunctive)
ẖꜣk.n (active participle perfect)
ẖꜣk (active participle perfective)
ẖꜣk (participle passive perfective)
ẖꜣkw (participle passive perfective)
ẖꜣky (participle passive perfective)
ẖꜣk (active imperfective participle)
ẖꜣky (active imperfective participle)
ẖꜣkw (active imperfective participle)
ẖꜣkj (active imperfective participle)
ẖꜣk (imperfective participle passive)
ẖꜣkw (imperfective participle passive)
ẖꜣk (active participle prospective)
ẖꜣktj (active participle prospective)
ẖꜣktj (participle prospective)
ẖꜣkt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to be(come) cunning, devious (+ r: to be hostile against)


qꜣw

qꜣw (singular)
qꜣwwj (dual)
qꜣww (plural)

qꜣj (“to be(come) high, tall, loud”) + -w.

(usually of the sky) height, distance above the ground

height, distance from base to top, tallness (as a dimension)


qꜣw

q-A-w-q (canonical masculine)
qꜣw (singular)
qꜣwwj (dual)
qꜣww (plural)


𓉺

Triliteral and logogram for jwn (“pillar”).


𓅨

Biliteral phonogram for wr, including in the word wr.


rwD

Manuel de Codage transliteration of rwḏ.


𓆛

Representing a fish with prominent fins, probably a Nile tilapia (jnt). Compare the Chinese character 魚 ("fish") and Epigraphic Mayan (ka, "fish").

Determinative used in the words for various fish.


𓐙

Triliteral for mꜣꜥ, e.g. for the word mꜣꜥ in mꜣꜥ-ḫrw.


nnwt

W24*W24*W24:N1-N35A X1:H8-B1 (canonical feminine)


𓀐

Representing a fallen man with blood streaming from his head. This and other glyphs depicting men conventionally color the skin red; the hair is typically black, and the clothing white (sometimes with black outlines or details). The blood is red. Some scribes reinterpreted or depicted the blood as an axe, with a red (wood) handle and white (simple stone) axehead.

egy-hiero-color-men

Determinative for death, as in mwt (“to die”).

Determinative for enemies, as in ḫftj (“enemy”).


srx

Manuel de Codage transliteration of srḫ.


nTri

Manuel de Codage transliteration of nṯrj.


jtwnj-rꜥꜣ-yh

Schneider reconstructs the name as Northwest Semitic *ʾadōnī-rōʿē-yāh, "My lord is the shepherd of Yah"; both Schneider and Shalomi Hen identify *-yāh with an abbreviated form of the toponym yhwꜣ, attested to during the 13th century BCE, whose relationship to the theonym Yahweh is still debated. Schneider takes the phrase *rōʿē-yāh as a whole as a divine epithet for Yahweh in his association with the toponym.


ytwꜥw-bꜥr

The second element is a rendering of the Semitic theonym Baal, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *baʕl- (“lord”); see also Egyptian bꜥr (“Baal”) as a loanword. The first element may be a transcription of a word derived from a Semitic root for ‘to know’ also reflected in יָדַע. The meaning of the whole is then perhaps ‘Acquaintance of Baal’.


yhwꜣ

Debated. Some have hypothesized a derivation from the theonym Yahweh, that is, Biblical Hebrew יַהְוֶה (YHWH).

an unidentified place, possibly located in the region of Edom, often reconstructed as Yahu.

the penultimate glyph is miscopied from an earlier source

Attested twice on the southern towerof the first pylon at Medinet Habu


ṯwpꜣjr

ṯwpꜣjr (singular)
ṯwpꜣjrwj (dual)
ṯwpꜣjrw (plural)

From Canaanite *sōpir-. Semitic translation of Egyptian zẖꜣw.


mn-pḥtj-rꜥ

From mn (“to become established or fixed”) + pḥtj (“might”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus literally ‘The might of Ra is firmly established’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

af

A throne name notably borne by Ramesses I, a pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty


jbšꜣ

From Semitic, sometimes equated with Hebrew אבישי (Abishai).

S38-N29:N25-i*b:SA*Z1
ḥqꜣ-ḫꜣst jbšꜣ

c. 1900 BCE, Procession of the Aamu, Tomb of Khnumhotep II, Beni Hasan


𓂻

Representing a pair of forward-facing walking legs. From the Old Kingdom (Dynasties 3–6) onward this glyph would sometimes include a kilt. This glyph was conventionally colored red. Sometimes the space between the legs was painted white.

egy-hiero-color

Determinative for movement, as in šmj (“to go”).

Determinative for lack of movement, as in ꜣb (“to stop”).

(Old Kingdom, when elongated) Alternative form of 𓏎 (ini).

Old Kingdom; when elongated; Old Kingdom; when elongated


𓀂

Representing a man sitting on his heel. This and other glyphs depicting men conventionally color the skin red; the hair is typically black, and the clothing white (sometimes with black outlines or details).


jꜣb

(Pyramid Texts) Alternative form of jꜣbt (“east wind”)


jꜣk

jꜣk (singular)
jꜣkwj (dual)
jꜣkw (plural)

old man, particularly as an experienced person


jkw

jkw (singular)
jkwwj (dual)
jkww (plural)


jꜣkby

i-A-k-b-i-i- -D3 (canonical masculine)
jꜣkby (singular)
jꜣkbywj (dual)
jꜣkbyw (plural)

From jꜣkb (“to mourn”) + -y (agent nominalizer).


jꜣkw

jꜣkw (singular)
jꜣkwwj (dual)
jꜣkww (plural)

Alternative form of jkw (“stone quarry”)


jꜣdt

i-A-d:t-idt (canonical feminine)
jꜣdt (singular)
jꜣdtj (dual)
jꜣdwt (plural)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲱϯ (iōti)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓⲱⲧⲉ (eiōte)

‘dew’ or ‘sweat’ of a god, in figurative reference to the god’s pleasant scent


jꜣdt

jꜣdt (singular)
jꜣdtj (dual)
jꜣdwt (plural)

From jꜣd (“to suffer, to experience a lack”) + -t (feminine suffix).


jꜣdt

i-A-d:t- (canonical feminine)
jꜣdt (singular)
jꜣdtj (dual)
jꜣdwt (plural)

Perhaps compare jꜣd (“kind of cord on a door-bolt”), jwd (“to ensnare”).

net, especially one used for fishing or fowling


jꜣdt

(in the plural) pastures for livestock, pastureland


jꜣd

i-A-d:nDs 3-lit. (canonical)
jꜣd (infinitive)
jꜣdw (infinitive negative)
jꜣd (infinitive negative)
jꜣdt (infinitive)
jꜣd (imperative infinitive singular)
jꜣd (imperative infinitive plural)
jꜣd (stative)
ḥr jꜣd (imperfective)
m jꜣd (imperfective)
r jꜣd (prospective)
jꜣd.n (active perfect)
jꜣdw (passive perfect)
jꜣd (passive perfect)
jꜣd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jꜣdt (terminative)
jꜣd (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jꜣd.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jꜣd (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jꜣd (active prospective)
jꜣdd (passive prospective)
jꜣd.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jꜣd (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jꜣd.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jꜣd (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jꜣd (active participle perfective)
jꜣd (participle passive perfective)
jꜣdw (participle passive perfective)
jꜣdy (participle passive perfective)
jꜣd (active imperfective participle relative)
jꜣdy (active imperfective participle relative)
jꜣdw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jꜣd (active imperfective participle)
jꜣdj (active imperfective participle)
jꜣdy (active imperfective participle)
jꜣd (imperfective participle passive)
jꜣdw (imperfective participle passive)
jꜣd (active participle prospective relative)
jꜣdtj (active participle prospective relative)
jꜣdtj (participle prospective)
jꜣdt (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to experience a lack or deficiency (+ ḥr: of)

(transitive) to torment, to hurt, to make suffer


jꜣd

i-A-d:nDs (canonical masculine)
jꜣd (singular)
jꜣdwj (dual)
jꜣdw (plural)


jw zp

jw (“comes”) + zp (“time, matter, misdeed”), literally ‘(one’s) misdeed comes’.

ii-w-z:p*zp-f

(with following suffix pronoun, usually negated) to be found responsible for faults or misdeeds, to have fault found with one


jꜣrr

i-A-r:*r-D7 3ae gem. (canonical)
jꜣrr (infinitive)
jꜣrr (infinitive negative)
jꜣrrt (infinitive)
jꜣrr (imperative infinitive singular)
jꜣrr (imperative infinitive plural)
jꜣrr (stative)
ḥr jꜣrr (imperfective)
m jꜣrr (imperfective)
r jꜣrr (prospective)
jꜣrr.n (active perfect)
jꜣrr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
jꜣrrt (active terminative)
jꜣrr (active perfective)
jꜣrr.ḫr (active obligative)
jꜣrr (active imperfective)
jꜣrrw (active prospective)
jꜣrr (active prospective)
jꜣrr.kꜣ (active potential)
jꜣrr (active subjunctive)
jꜣrr.n (active participle perfect)
jꜣrr (active participle perfective)
jꜣrr (participle passive perfective)
jꜣrrw (participle passive perfective)
jꜣrry (participle passive perfective)
jꜣrr (active imperfective participle)
jꜣrry (active imperfective participle)
jꜣrrw (active imperfective participle)
jꜣrrj (active imperfective participle)
jꜣrr (imperfective participle passive)
jꜣrrw (imperfective participle passive)
jꜣrr (active participle prospective)
jꜣrrtj (active participle prospective)
jꜣrrwtj (participle prospective)
jꜣrrtj (participle prospective)
jꜣrrt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

jꜣrrt

jꜣrrw.tj1, jꜣrr.tj1, jꜣrrw.tw2, jꜣrr.tw2

(intransitive, of eyes) to be(come) dim, clouded, weak

(intransitive, of the heart) to be(come) weak

(intransitive, of poison) to be(come) ineffectual


jꜥ

i- a (canonical masculine)
jꜥ (singular)
jꜥwj (dual)
jꜥw (plural)


jꜥ

Alternative form of jꜥr (“to ascend, to approach”)


wn mꜣꜥ

(with attached suffix pronoun) one’s proper place or worth


n wn mꜣꜥ

nj wn mꜣꜥ (masculine singular)
n wn mꜣꜥ (masculine singular)
nt wn mꜣꜥ (feminine singular)
njwj wn mꜣꜥ (dual masculine)
nwj wn mꜣꜥ (dual masculine)
ntj wn mꜣꜥ (dual feminine)
njw wn mꜣꜥ (masculine plural)
nw wn mꜣꜥ (masculine plural)
nwt wn mꜣꜥ (feminine plural)
nt wn mꜣꜥ (feminine plural)

/ɛn wɛn mɑʔɑː/

n(j) (“of”) + wn mꜣꜥ (“reality, true quality”).


ḫww

From ḫwj (“to protect, to avoid, to prevent”) + -w.

particularly, evil deeds, baseness, wrongdoing


šww

a kind of edible plant or herb, also used medicinally in rubbing down a sick ox. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


šww

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲟⲩⲓⲉ (šouie)


tḫw

tḫw (singular)
tḫwwj (dual)
tḫww (plural)

epithet of two cleaner-priests (wꜥb) at the Min-festival


ḏꜣm

ḏꜣm (singular)
ḏꜣmwj (dual)
ḏꜣmw (plural)

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲱⲙ (čōm)

(collective) male children or youths, boys, young men

(collective) (male) youth of a particular place

(collective) men as opposed to women or children

(collective) coming generation, generation yet to be born

(collective) peers, cohort, generation, people of the same age


ḏꜣm

(collective) young cattle, larger calves


zf

z:f-D19-A2 2-lit. (canonical)
zf (infinitive)
zfw (infinitive negative)
zf (infinitive negative)
zft (infinitive)
zf (imperative infinitive singular)
j.zf (imperative infinitive singular)
zf (imperative infinitive plural)
j.zf (imperative infinitive plural)
zf (stative)
ḥr zf (imperfective)
m zf (imperfective)
r zf (prospective)
zf.n (active perfect)
zf.jn (active consecutive contingent)
zft (active terminative)
zf (active perfective)
zf.ḫr (active obligative)
zf (active imperfective)
j.zf (active imperfective)
zf (active prospective)
zf.kꜣ (active potential)
zf (active subjunctive)
j.zf (active subjunctive)
zf.n (active participle perfect)
zf (active participle perfective)
zff (participle passive perfective)
zffj (participle passive perfective)
zf (participle passive perfective)
zfw (participle passive perfective)
zfy (participle passive perfective)
j.zf (active imperfective participle)
zf (active imperfective participle)
zfy (active imperfective participle)
zfw (active imperfective participle)
j.zfw (active imperfective participle)
zfj (active imperfective participle)
zf (imperfective participle passive)
zfw (imperfective participle passive)
zf (active participle prospective)
zftj (active participle prospective)
zftj (participle prospective)
zft (participle prospective)

(intransitive) to be(come) gentle or mild


szf

z:z-f-D20-A2 caus. 2-lit. (canonical)
szft (infinitive)
szf (infinitive)
szfw (infinitive negative)
szf (infinitive negative)
szf (imperative infinitive singular)
szf (imperative infinitive plural)
szf (stative)
ḥr szf (imperfective)
m szf (imperfective)
r szf (prospective)
szf.n (active perfect)
szfw (passive perfect)
szf (passive perfect)
szf.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
szft (terminative)
szf (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
szf.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
szf (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
szfw (active prospective)
szf (active prospective)
szfy (active prospective)
szfw (passive prospective)
szf (passive prospective)
szfy (passive prospective)
szf.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
szf (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
szf.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
szf (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
szf (active participle perfective)
szf (participle passive perfective)
szfw (participle passive perfective)
szfy (participle passive perfective)
szf (active imperfective participle relative)
szfy (active imperfective participle relative)
szfw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
szf (active imperfective participle)
szfj (active imperfective participle)
szfy (active imperfective participle)
szf (imperfective participle passive)
szfw (imperfective participle passive)
szf (active participle prospective relative)
szftj (active participle prospective relative)
szfwtj (participle prospective)
szftj (participle prospective)
szft (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

szft

szfw.tj1, szf.tj1, szfy.tj1, szfw.tw2, szf.tw2, szfy.tw2

s- (causative prefix) + zf (“to be(come) mild, merciful”).

af

m-A-t-w-I3-r-i-H_SPACE:W-f-F51:Z2-r-gs-Z1-s-k\:n-I3-A1-O43-p:a-a:f-n:k\-!-m-w-i-in:n-a-s-t-k\-A-A2-z:z-f:t-D20-A2-p-W
(j)m ꜣtw r jwf r gs skn šzp dj.f n.k (j)m wjn st kꜣ szft pw

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.9–1.10

Don’t raven after meat next to a voracious man; partake when he gives to you. Don’t reject it; then it will be something soothing.

(transitive, hapax) to mollify, to soothe, to agree well with


jdn

i-d:n-idn:Y1 3-lit. (canonical)
jdn (infinitive)
jdnw (infinitive negative)
jdn (infinitive negative)
jdnt (infinitive)
jdn (imperative infinitive singular)
jdn (imperative infinitive plural)
jdn (stative)
ḥr jdn (imperfective)
m jdn (imperfective)
r jdn (prospective)
jdn.n (active perfect)
jdnw (passive perfect)
jdn (passive perfect)
jdn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
jdnt (terminative)
jdn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
jdn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
jdn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
jdn (active prospective)
jdnn (passive prospective)
jdn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
jdn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
jdn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
jdn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
jdn (active participle perfective)
jdn (participle passive perfective)
jdnw (participle passive perfective)
jdny (participle passive perfective)
jdn (active imperfective participle relative)
jdny (active imperfective participle relative)
jdnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
jdn (active imperfective participle)
jdnj (active imperfective participle)
jdny (active imperfective participle)
jdn (imperfective participle passive)
jdnw (imperfective participle passive)
jdn (active participle prospective relative)
jdntj (active participle prospective relative)
jdntj (participle prospective)
jdnt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to serve in place of (someone), to represent or replace; to be a lieutenant, deputy, or proxy for

(transitive, with st as object) to take (someone’s place), to serve in (someone’s role or position)

(transitive, figuratively) to serve as (something), to take the role of (something)


jdn

idn (canonical masculine)
jdn (singular)
jdnwj (dual)
jdnw (plural)


th-mtn

th (“(one) transgressing, violating, deviating from”) + mtn (“way, road, path”), thus literally ‘one deviating from the path’. This term is not attested with the older writing of mtn, namely mṯn.

transgressor, wrongdoer, one who violates one’s social obligations

(with following genitive) one who is disloyal, rebellious, insubordinate against (someone), one who violates one’s social obligations to (another)


dꜣr jb

From dꜣr (“to ward off, subdue”) + jb (“heart, mind, appetite, will”).


jkꜣnꜣ

i-kA:n-A- (canonical masculine)
jkꜣnꜣ (singular)
jkꜣnꜣwj (dual)
jkꜣnꜣw (plural)

>? Sahidic Coptic: ⲁϭⲟⲛ (acon)

Compare the earlier Middle Egyptian jkn (“cup”), but also (separately) Hebrew אַגָּן (ʾaggā́n, “ritual- or banquet-bowl”), Phoenician 𐤀𐤂𐤍 (ʾgn, “bowl”), Ugaritic 𐎀𐎂𐎐 (ảgn, “basin”), Warka Aramaic ag-gan-nu, ag-ga-nu (“basin or bowl”), Jewish Palestinian Aramaic גָנייא דקדשׁ (“basins of Qadesh”), Classical Syriac ܐܓܢܐ (ʾaggānā, “water pitcher”), Arabic إجّانَة (ʔijjāna, “large bowl”), Akkadian [Term?] (/agannu/, “large bowl of copper or silver”). The equivalent of the Egyptian term is also attested in cuneiform transcription in the Amarna letters as [script needed] (a-ku-nu /akūnu/), with Albright, Lambdin, and the Chicago Assyrian Dictionary claiming this to be Egyptian in origin; Hoch argues that the reverse is true, and Egyptian borrowed the word from Semitic. In Egyptian, the word appears in lists of items from Syria-Palestine, while in the Amarna letters the word appears in lists of items sent from Egypt; the word is, however, much more widely attested in Semitic languages than in Egyptian. Hoch consequently thinks that the direction of borrowing was into Egyptian, and that the word may not be connected with Middle Egyptian jkn (“cup”).

cog

גָנייא דקדשׁ

a kind of large vessel or jar, usually made of metal and used to hold fragrant oil or water, exported to and taken as tribute from Syria


nḏdḏd

n-D:d-D:d 5-lit. (canonical)
nḏdnḏd (infinitive)
nḏdnḏdw (infinitive negative)
nḏdnḏd (infinitive negative)
nḏdnḏdt (infinitive)
nḏdnḏd (imperative infinitive singular)
nḏdnḏd (imperative infinitive plural)
nḏdnḏd (stative)
ḥr nḏdnḏd (imperfective)
m nḏdnḏd (imperfective)
r nḏdnḏd (prospective)
nḏdnḏd.n (active perfect)
nḏdnḏd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
nḏdnḏdt (active terminative)
nḏdnḏd (active perfective)
nḏdnḏd.ḫr (active obligative)
nḏdnḏd (active imperfective)
nḏdnḏdw (active prospective)
nḏdnḏd (active prospective)
nḏdnḏd.kꜣ (active potential)
nḏdnḏd (active subjunctive)
nḏdnḏd.n (active participle perfect)
nḏdnḏd (active participle perfective)
nḏdnḏd (participle passive perfective)
nḏdnḏdw (participle passive perfective)
nḏdnḏdy (participle passive perfective)
nḏdnḏd (active imperfective participle)
nḏdnḏdy (active imperfective participle)
nḏdnḏdw (active imperfective participle)
nḏdnḏdj (active imperfective participle)
nḏdnḏd (imperfective participle passive)
nḏdnḏdw (imperfective participle passive)
nḏdnḏd (active participle prospective)
nḏdnḏdtj (active participle prospective)
nḏdnḏdwtj (participle prospective)
nḏdnḏdtj (participle prospective)
nḏdnḏdt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

nḏdnḏdt

nḏdnḏdw.tj1, nḏdnḏd.tj1, nḏdnḏdw.tw2, nḏdnḏd.tw2

/nɛd͡ʒɛdd͡ʒɛd/

Reduplication of *nḏd, from n- (intransitivizer) + ḏdj (“to endure”).


ꜥḫj

a:x- 3ae inf. (canonical)
ꜥḫt (infinitive)
ꜥḫj (infinitive)
ꜥḫw (infinitive negative)
ꜥḫ (infinitive negative)
ꜥḫwt (infinitive)
ꜥḫyt (infinitive)
ꜥḫ (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜥḫ (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥḫy (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜥḫ (stative)
ꜥḫḫ (stative)
ḥr ꜥḫt (imperfective)
ḥr ꜥḫj (imperfective)
m ꜥḫt (imperfective)
m ꜥḫj (imperfective)
r ꜥḫt (prospective)
r ꜥḫj (prospective)
ꜥḫ.n (active perfect)
ꜥḫw (passive perfect)
ꜥḫ (passive perfect)
ꜥḫy (passive perfect)
ꜥḫ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜥḫt (terminative)
ꜥḫyt (terminative)
ꜥḫ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜥḫ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜥḫ (active imperfective)
ꜥḫy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜥḫw (active prospective)
ꜥḫ (active prospective)
ꜥḫy (active prospective)
ꜥḫw (passive prospective)
ꜥḫ (passive prospective)
ꜥḫy (passive prospective)
ꜥḫ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜥḫ (active subjunctive)
ꜥḫy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜥḫ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜥḫw (active participle perfective relative)
ꜥḫy (active participle perfective relative)
ꜥḫ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜥḫ (active participle perfective)
ꜥḫy (participle passive perfective)
ꜥḫ (participle passive perfective)
ꜥḫḫ (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥḫḫy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜥḫḫw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
ꜥḫḫ (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḫḫj (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḫḫy (active imperfective participle)
ꜥḫḫ (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥḫḫw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜥḫw (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥḫy (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥḫ (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥḫtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜥḫwtj (participle prospective)
ꜥḫtj (participle prospective)
ꜥḫt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ꜥḫt, ꜥḫyt

ḥr ꜥḫt, ḥr ꜥḫj

ꜥḫw, ꜥḫ, ꜥḫy

ꜥḫw, ꜥḫ, ꜥḫy

ꜥḫw, ꜥḫ, ꜥḫy

ꜥḫw.tj1, ꜥḫ.tj1, ꜥḫy.tj1, ꜥḫw.tw2, ꜥḫ.tw2, ꜥḫy.tw2

ꜥḫw1, ꜥḫy, ꜥḫ

ꜥḫḫ, ꜥḫḫy, ꜥḫḫw5

ꜥḫḫ, ꜥḫḫj6, ꜥḫḫy6

Demotic: ꜥḫj

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓⳉⲉ (eixe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲓϣⲓ (iši)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓϣⲓ (iši)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓϣⲉ (eiše)

(transitive) to raise (something, especially the sky) up

(reflexive) to raise oneself, to rise up, to ascend

(reflexive, of fleeing enemies) to leave, to slip away