r

Demotic: rꜣ

Coptic: ⲣⲟ (ro) (Sahidic, Bohairic, Akhmimic), ⲗⲁ (la) (Fayyumic)

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE

modern Egyptological, as pronounced by Americans

The actual reading of this word is uncertain, as it is always written as an ideogram, but evidence from Coptic suggests the original was rꜣ. The extension in meaning to ‘part, piece, fraction’ might be either by way of a mouthful being used as a standard share in some distribution of food or goods, or else extended from its meaning of ‘opening’ > ‘division’.

[Old and Middle Kingdoms and Greco-Roman Period]

a measure of volume equivalent to ¹⁄₃₂ of a hnw or ¹⁄₃₂₀ of a ḥqꜣt (about 15 millilitres); mouthful


ds

From Proto-Afroasiatic *dac- (“flint knife”).


zꜣ

a measure of area equivalent to one eighth of a sṯꜣt (“arura”) (about 345 square metres).


ḫt

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲉ (xe)

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še), ϣⲏ (šē)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)

Old Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še), ϣⲏ (šē), ϣⲓ (ši)

a rod, a measure of length equivalent to 100 mḥw, or 52.5 metres. In full ḫt n nwḥ.


ẖꜣr

ẖꜣr (singular)
ẖꜣrwj (dual)
ẖꜣrw (plural)

a dry measure of volume equivalent to 10 ḥqꜣwt (about 48 litres) .

a dry measure of volume equivalent to 4 jpwt or 16 ḥqꜣwt (about 76.8 litres)


ḥqꜣt

ḥqꜣt (singular)
ḥqꜣtj (dual)
ḥqꜣwt (plural)

→ English: heqat

a dry measure of volume equivalent to 10 hnw, or 4.8 litres.


hnw

hnw (singular)
hnwwj (dual)
hnww (plural)


šnꜥtj

šnꜥtj (singular)
šnꜥtjwj (dual)
šnꜥtjw (plural)

a measure of weight equivalent to ¹⁄₁₂ dbn, or 7.58 grams .


qdt

qdt (singular)
qdtj (dual)
qdwt (plural)

Demotic: qt

Coptic: ⲕⲓⲧⲉ (kite)

→ English: kite

→ English: qite

a qite, a measure of weight equivalent to ¹⁄₁₀ dbn, or 9.1 grams .


jpt

jpt (singular)
jptj (dual)
jpwt (plural)

→ Ancient Greek: οἰφί (oiphí), ἴφι (íphi)

→ Arabic: وَيْبَة (wayba)

Maltese: wejba

→ Hebrew: אֵיפָה (ʾêp̄â)

→ Hebrew: אֵיפָה (ʾêp̄â)

Demotic: jpy.t

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲉⲓⲡⲉ (aeipe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲓⲡⲓ (ōipi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲓⲡⲓ (aipi), ⲁⲓⲡⲉ (aipe)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲉⲓⲡⲉ (oeipe), ⲟⲓⲡⲉ (oipe)

oipe, a dry measure of volume equivalent to 4 ḥqꜣwt (about 19.2 litres or 0.54 bushels).


jpt

→⇒ Ancient Greek: Θῆβαι (Thêbai)


dbn

d-b-n:F47 3-lit. (canonical)
dbn (infinitive)
dbnw (infinitive negative)
dbn (infinitive negative)
dbnt (infinitive)
dbn (imperative infinitive singular)
dbn (imperative infinitive plural)
dbn (stative)
ḥr dbn (imperfective)
m dbn (imperfective)
r dbn (prospective)
dbn.n (active perfect)
dbnw (passive perfect)
dbn (passive perfect)
dbn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
dbnt (terminative)
dbn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
dbn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
dbn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
dbn (active prospective)
dbnn (passive prospective)
dbn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
dbn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
dbn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
dbn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
dbn (active participle perfective)
dbn (participle passive perfective)
dbnw (participle passive perfective)
dbny (participle passive perfective)
dbn (active imperfective participle relative)
dbny (active imperfective participle relative)
dbnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
dbn (active imperfective participle)
dbnj (active imperfective participle)
dbny (active imperfective participle)
dbn (imperfective participle passive)
dbnw (imperfective participle passive)
dbn (active participle prospective relative)
dbntj (active participle prospective relative)
dbntj (participle prospective)
dbnt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

dbnt

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.

(transitive) to go around, to circumambulate


sṯꜣt

sṯꜣt (singular)
sṯꜣtj (dual)
sṯꜣwt (plural)

Demotic: stꜣ

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲱⲧ (sōt)

an aroura, a measure of area equivalent to 100 mḥw-tꜣ (“centarouras”) or 10 000 square mḥw (“cubits”) (about 0.28 hectares).


mḥ

mH:Y1 2-lit. (canonical)
mḥ (infinitive)
mḥw (infinitive negative)
mḥ (infinitive negative)
mḥt (infinitive)
mḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.mḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
mḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.mḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
mḥ (stative)
ḥr mḥ (imperfective)
m mḥ (imperfective)
r mḥ (prospective)
mḥ.n (active perfect)
mḥw (passive perfect)
mḥ (passive perfect)
mḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
mḥt (terminative)
mḥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
mḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
mḥ (active imperfective)
j.mḥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
mḥ (active prospective)
mḥḥ (passive prospective)
mḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
mḥ (active subjunctive)
j.mḥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
mḥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
mḥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
mḥ (active participle perfective)
mḥḥ (participle passive perfective)
mḥḥj (participle passive perfective)
mḥ (participle passive perfective)
mḥw (participle passive perfective)
mḥy (participle passive perfective)
j.mḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
mḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
mḥy (active imperfective participle relative)
mḥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.mḥ (active imperfective participle)
j.mḥw (active imperfective participle)
mḥ (active imperfective participle)
mḥj (active imperfective participle)
mḥy (active imperfective participle)
mḥ (imperfective participle passive)
mḥw (imperfective participle passive)
mḥ (active participle prospective relative)
mḥtj (active participle prospective relative)
mḥtj (participle prospective)
mḥt (participle prospective)

Demotic: mḥ

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩϩ (mouh)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟϩ (moh)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩϩ (mouh)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩϩ (mouh)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩϩ (mouh)

⇒ Demotic: mḥṱ, ꜣmḥṱ

desc

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ (amahte), ⲁⲙⲁϩⲉ (amahe), ⲁⲙⲁϩⲓ (amahi)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲁϩⲓ (amahi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲉϩⲓ (amehi), ⲉⲙⲉϩⲓ (emehi), ⲙⲉϩⲓ (mehi)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ (emahte)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ (amahte), ⲁⲙⲁϩⲉ (amahe)

(intransitive with m or transitive) to hold or seize

(intransitive with m or transitive) to hold fast, to grasp


mḥ

Demotic: mḥ

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲁϩⲉ (mahe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲁϩⲓ (mahi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲉϩⲓ (mehi), ⲙⲁϩⲓ (mahi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲁϩⲉ (mahe)

h-A-D54:k\-w-A1-r-M14-wr-r:N36-m-d:p*t-P1-n:t-mH:a-V1-V20:V20-m-Aw-W-s-!-mH:a-V20:V20-V20:V20-m-s-x-w-D32-s-s-qd-d-A30-A1-V1-V20:V20-i-m-s-m-stp:Y2-n:km-m-t:niwt
hꜣ.kw r wꜣḏ-wr m dpt nt št-mḏwtj mḥ m ꜣw.s ḥmw mḥ m sḫw.s št-mḏwtj sqd jm.s m stp n(j) kmt

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 24–28

I had gone down to the sea in a boat of a hundred twenty cubits in length and forty cubits in breadth, with a hundred twenty sailors in it of the choice of Egypt.

a cubit, a measure of length equivalent to 28 ḏbꜥw (“digits”) or 7 šzpw (“palms”) (about 52.5 centimetres).


šsp

šsp (singular)
šspwj (dual)
šspw (plural)

Alternative form of sšp (“illumination, light of dawn”)


mḥ-tꜣ

mH:tA (canonical masculine)
mḥ-tꜣ (singular)
mḥwj-tꜣ (dual)
mḥw-tꜣ (plural)

From mḥ (“cubit”) + tꜣ (“land”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘a cubit of land’; since land was parcelled into strips of 1 by 100 cubits, one such strip of 100 square cubits was considered ‘a cubit of land’.

a centaroura, a measure of area equivalent to one hundredth of a sṯꜣt (“aroura”) or 100 square mḥw (“cubits”) (about 0.0028 hectares).


ḏbꜥ

Dba (canonical masculine)
ḏbꜥ (singular)
ḏbꜥwj (dual)
ḏbꜥw (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ϯⲉⲓⲃⲉ (tieibe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲃ (tēb)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲉⲉⲃⲉ (teebe)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲏⲃⲉ (tēbe)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲏⲃⲉ (tēēbe)

Compare with Arabic إصبع (ʔiṣbaʕ, “finger”) and Mina dzəbuŋ (“five”).

small quantity (of a substance such as fat or honey), the amount that can be scooped up by a fingertip


ḫꜣ-tꜣ

ḫꜣ-tꜣ (singular)
ḫꜣwj-tꜣ (dual)
ḫꜣw-tꜣ (plural)

From ḫꜣ (“a thousand (mḥw-tꜣ)”) + tꜣ (“land”) in a direct genitive construction.

compound

a thousand (<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mḥw-tꜣ</i>)

a decaroura, a measure of area equivalent to 10 sṯꜣwt (“arourae”) or 1000 mḥw-tꜣ (“cubits of land”) (about 2.76 hectares).


jtrw

jtrw (singular)
jtrwwj (dual)
jtrww (plural)

a schene, a measure of length equivalent to 20,000 mḥw (“cubits”) (about 10.5 kilometres or 6.5 miles).


šzp

Szp-p:D40 3-lit. (canonical)
šzp (infinitive)
šzpw (infinitive negative)
šzp (infinitive negative)
šzpt (infinitive)
šzp (imperative infinitive singular)
šzp (imperative infinitive plural)
šzp (stative)
ḥr šzp (imperfective)
m šzp (imperfective)
r šzp (prospective)
šzp.n (active perfect)
šzpw (passive perfect)
šzp (passive perfect)
šzp.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
šzpt (terminative)
šzp (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
šzp.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
šzp (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
šzp (active prospective)
šzpp (passive prospective)
šzp.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
šzp (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
šzp.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
šzp (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
šzp (active participle perfective)
šzp (participle passive perfective)
šzpw (participle passive perfective)
šzpy (participle passive perfective)
šzp (active imperfective participle relative)
šzpy (active imperfective participle relative)
šzpw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
šzp (active imperfective participle)
šzpj (active imperfective participle)
šzpy (active imperfective participle)
šzp (imperfective participle passive)
šzpw (imperfective participle passive)
šzp (active participle prospective relative)
šzptj (active participle prospective relative)
šzptj (participle prospective)
šzpt (participle prospective)

Demotic: šp

Coptic: ϣⲱⲡ (šōp)

(transitive) to move into (a building or temple chamber)

(transitive) to set out on, to commence (a fight, a path, a new year, etc.)


šzp

šzp (singular)
šzpwj (dual)
šzpw (plural)

Demotic: šp

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲟⲡ (šop)

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲟⲡ (šop)

palm, a measure of length equivalent to 4 ḏbꜥw (“digits”) or ¹⁄₇ of a mḥ (“cubit”) (about 7.5 centimetres)


rmn

rmn (singular)
rmnwj (dual)
rmnw (plural)

(in the dual) side rails (uprights) of a ladder

side, half
side rails (uprights) of a ladder


ḥsb

ḥsb (singular)
ḥsbwj (dual)
ḥsbw (plural)

one quarter of a sṯꜣt (“aroura”) (equivalent to about 0.07 hectares)