r

desc

Demotic: r, jw, jr⸗, r.r⸗, r.ḥr⸗, r.jr⸗, r.j.jr⸗

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁ- (a-), ⲁⲣⲁ⸗ (ara⸗)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉ- (e-), ⲉⲣⲟ⸗ (ero⸗)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲉ- (e-), ⲉⲗⲁ⸗ (ela⸗)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲁ- (a-)

Old Coptic: ⲁ- (a-), ⲁⲣⲁ⸗ (ara⸗)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉ- (e-), ⲉⲣⲟ⸗ (ero⸗)

Possibly cognate to Hebrew אֶל (ʾel, “to, at”), Arabic إِلَى (ʔilā, “to, until, near”).

regarding, with respect to, concerning, according to

(after an adjective or adverb, forming the comparative) than, by comparison to


ds

Speculatively, Orel and Stolbova claim a derivation from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *dac- (“flint knife”); as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking.


zꜣ

a measure of area equivalent to one eighth of a sṯꜣt (“arura”) (about 345 square metres).


ḫt

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲉ (xe)

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še), ϣⲏ (šē)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)

Old Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še), ϣⲏ (šē), ϣⲓ (ši)

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE

a rod, a measure of length equivalent to 100 mḥw, or 52.5 metres. In full ḫt n nwḥ.


ḥqꜣt

ḥqꜣ (“ruler; to rule”) + -t (“feminine ending”).


ḥqꜣt

ḥqꜣt (singular)
ḥqꜣtj (dual)
ḥqꜣwt (plural)

→ English: heqat

a dry measure of volume equivalent to 10 hnw, or 4.8 litres.


ẖꜣr

ẖꜣr (singular)
ẖꜣrwj (dual)
ẖꜣrw (plural)

a dry measure of volume equivalent to 10 ḥqꜣwt (about 48 litres) .

a dry measure of volume equivalent to 4 jpwt or 16 ḥqꜣwt (about 76.8 litres)


hnw

hnw (singular)
hnwwj (dual)
hnww (plural)


šnꜥtj

šnꜥtj (singular)
šnꜥtjwj (dual)
šnꜥtjw (plural)

a measure of weight equivalent to ¹⁄₁₂ dbn, or 7.58 grams .


qdt

qdt (singular)
qdtj (dual)
qdwt (plural)

Demotic: qt

Coptic: ⲕⲓⲧⲉ (kite)

→ English: kite

→ English: qite

a qite, a measure of weight equivalent to ¹⁄₁₀ dbn, or 9.1 grams .


jpt

jpt (singular)
jptj (dual)
jpwt (plural)

Demotic: jpy.t, jpy, jp.t

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲉⲓⲡⲉ (aeipe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲓⲡⲓ (ōipi)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲓⲡⲓ (aipi), ⲁⲓⲡⲉ (aipe)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲉⲓⲡⲉ (oeipe), ⲟⲓⲡⲉ (oipe), ⲉⲓⲟⲡⲉ (eiope)

→ Arabic: وَيْبَة (wayba)

Maltese: wejba

→ Ancient Greek: οἰφί (oiphí), ἴφι (íphi)

→ Hebrew: אֵיפָה (ʾêp̄â)

→ Hebrew: אֵיפָה (ʾêp̄â)

From jp (“to count, to assess, to assign”) + -t.

af

m-i-p:t*Z5-Z3 ― m jpt ― in units of an oipe, in oipes

oipe, a dry measure of volume equivalent to 4 ḥqꜣwt (about 19.2 litres or 0.54 bushels)


jpt

Demotic: jp, jp.t, jpy.t

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲏⲡⲉ (ēpe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲏⲡⲓ (ēpi)

desc

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲏⲡⲓ (ēpi), ⲏⲡⲉ (ēpe), ⲏⲏⲡⲉ (ēēpe)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲏⲡⲉ (ēpe)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲏⲡⲉ (ēpe), ⲏⲏⲡⲉ (ēēpe)

From jp (“to count, to assess, to assign”) + -t; as shown by the Coptic descendants, the construction is not the same as in the term of measurement above.

i-w-ir:n-m-XA:A-P1:n-niwt:t*Z1-z:H*i*i-t:P1:r-Sms-s-D54:nb-i-p:t:Y2-H-n:a-wr:r-A1:Z2ss-tr-Z1-nb:n-s-T33:m-Y2:h-A-b
jw jr.n(.j) mẖꜣ n nwt(.j) zḥyt r šms nb jpt ḥnꜥ wrw tr nb n(j) sšm hꜣb

c. 2112–2063 BCE, reign of Intef II, Stele of Tjetji (British Museum EA 614), line 11

I made a marsh-boat for my city, a booth-boat for every service: the accounting with the nobles, and every occasion of a task or mission.

accounting, reckoning, weighing up of accounts (literal or figurative) (+ ḥnꜥ: with)


jpt

Demotic: jpy, jp


dbn

d-b-n:F47 3-lit. (canonical)
dbn (infinitive)
dbnw (infinitive negative)
dbn (infinitive negative)
dbnt (infinitive)
dbn (imperative infinitive singular)
dbn (imperative infinitive plural)
dbn (stative)
ḥr dbn (imperfective)
m dbn (imperfective)
r dbn (prospective)
dbn.n (active perfect)
dbnw (passive perfect)
dbn (passive perfect)
dbn.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
dbnt (terminative)
dbn (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
dbn.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
dbn (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
dbn (active prospective)
dbnn (passive prospective)
dbn.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
dbn (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
dbn.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
dbn (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
dbn (active participle perfective)
dbn (participle passive perfective)
dbnw (participle passive perfective)
dbny (participle passive perfective)
dbn (active imperfective participle relative)
dbny (active imperfective participle relative)
dbnw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
dbn (active imperfective participle)
dbnj (active imperfective participle)
dbny (active imperfective participle)
dbn (imperfective participle passive)
dbnw (imperfective participle passive)
dbn (active participle prospective relative)
dbntj (active participle prospective relative)
dbntj (participle prospective)
dbnt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

dbnt

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.

(transitive) to go around, to circumambulate


sṯꜣt

sṯꜣt (singular)
sṯꜣtj (dual)
sṯꜣwt (plural)

Demotic: stꜣ

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲱⲧ (sōt)

an aroura, a measure of area equivalent to 100 mḥw-tꜣ (“centarouras”) or 10 000 square mḥw (“cubits”) (about 0.28 hectares).


šsp

šsp (singular)
šspwj (dual)
šspw (plural)

Alternative form of sšp (“illumination, light of dawn”)


mḥ

mH:Y1 2-lit. (canonical)
mḥ (infinitive)
mḥw (infinitive negative)
mḥ (infinitive negative)
mḥt (infinitive)
mḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
j.mḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
mḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
j.mḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
mḥ (stative)
ḥr mḥ (imperfective)
m mḥ (imperfective)
r mḥ (prospective)
mḥ.n (active perfect)
mḥw (passive perfect)
mḥ (passive perfect)
mḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
mḥt (terminative)
mḥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
mḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
mḥ (active imperfective)
j.mḥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
mḥ (active prospective)
mḥḥ (passive prospective)
mḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
mḥ (active subjunctive)
j.mḥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
mḥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
mḥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
mḥ (active participle perfective)
mḥḥ (participle passive perfective)
mḥḥj (participle passive perfective)
mḥ (participle passive perfective)
mḥw (participle passive perfective)
mḥy (participle passive perfective)
j.mḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
mḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
mḥy (active imperfective participle relative)
mḥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.mḥ (active imperfective participle)
j.mḥw (active imperfective participle)
mḥ (active imperfective participle)
mḥj (active imperfective participle)
mḥy (active imperfective participle)
mḥ (imperfective participle passive)
mḥw (imperfective participle passive)
mḥ (active participle prospective relative)
mḥtj (active participle prospective relative)
mḥtj (participle prospective)
mḥt (participle prospective)

Demotic: mḥ

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩϩ (mouh)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟϩ (moh)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩϩ (mouh)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩϩ (mouh)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩϩ (mouh)

⇒ Demotic: mḥṱ, ꜣmḥṱ

desc

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ (amahte), ⲁⲙⲁϩⲉ (amahe), ⲁⲙⲁϩⲓ (amahi)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲁϩⲓ (amahi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲉϩⲓ (amehi), ⲉⲙⲉϩⲓ (emehi), ⲙⲉϩⲓ (mehi)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ (emahte)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲁϩⲧⲉ (amahte), ⲁⲙⲁϩⲉ (amahe)

(intransitive with m or transitive) to hold or seize

(intransitive with m or transitive) to hold fast, to grasp


mḥ

Demotic: mḥ

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲙⲁϩⲉ (mahe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲁϩⲓ (mahi)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲙⲉϩⲓ (mehi), ⲙⲁϩⲓ (mahi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲁϩⲉ (mahe)

h-A-D54:k\-w-A1-r-M14-wr-r:N36-m-d:p*t-P1-n:t-mH:a-V1-V20:V20-m-Aw-W-s-!-mH:a-V20:V20-V20:V20-m-s-x-w-D32-s-s-qd-d-A30-A1-V1-V20:V20-i-m-s-m-stp:Y2-n:km-m-t:niwt
hꜣ.kw r wꜣḏ-wr m dpt nt št-mḏwtj mḥ m ꜣw.s ḥmw mḥ m sḫw.s št-mḏwtj sqd jm.s m stp n(j) kmt

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 24–28

I had gone down to the sea in a boat of a hundred twenty cubits in length and forty cubits in breadth, with a hundred twenty sailors in it of the choice of Egypt.

a cubit, a measure of length equivalent to 28 ḏbꜥw (“digits”) or 7 šzpw (“palms”) (about 52.5 centimetres).


mḥ-tꜣ

mH:tA (canonical masculine)
mḥ-tꜣ (singular)
mḥwj-tꜣ (dual)
mḥw-tꜣ (plural)

From mḥ (“cubit”) + tꜣ (“land”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘a cubit of land’; since land was parcelled into strips of 1 by 100 cubits, one such strip of 100 square cubits was considered ‘a cubit of land’.

a centaroura, a measure of area equivalent to one hundredth of a sṯꜣt (“aroura”) or 100 square mḥw (“cubits”) (about 0.0028 hectares).


ḫꜣ-tꜣ

ḫꜣ-tꜣ (singular)
ḫꜣwj-tꜣ (dual)
ḫꜣw-tꜣ (plural)

From ḫꜣ (“a thousand (mḥw-tꜣ)”) + tꜣ (“land”) in a direct genitive construction.

compound

a thousand (<i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mḥw-tꜣ</i>)

a decaroura, a measure of area equivalent to 10 sṯꜣwt (“arourae”) or 1000 mḥw-tꜣ (“cubits of land”) (about 2.76 hectares).


ḏbꜥ

Dba (canonical masculine)
ḏbꜥ (singular)
ḏbꜥwj (dual)
ḏbꜥw (plural)

Akhmimic Coptic: ϯⲉⲓⲃⲉ (tieibe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲃ (tēb)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲧⲉⲉⲃⲉ (teebe)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲧⲏⲃⲉ (tēbe)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲏⲃⲉ (tēēbe)

Compare with Arabic إصبع (ʔiṣbaʕ, “finger”) and Mina dzəbuŋ (“five”).

small quantity (of a substance such as fat or honey), the amount that can be scooped up by a fingertip


jtrw

jtrw (singular)
jtrwwj (dual)
jtrww (plural)

i-t-r-w-S-V1-V20-V20-[&-p*Hr:D54*t-a:r:r-t*t:n-Ba16a-SPACE-SPACE-n-s-p:r-t:D54-P3-dwA-tyw-pr-A40:N33A
št-mḏwtj jtrw ⟨pḥrt ꜥrr(w)t tn⟩ n(j) sprt wjꜣ dwꜣtjw

c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, introduction, right parallel, line 10, upper and lower divisions

Running to this gateway takes a hundred and twenty schenes before the barque reaches the afterworlders.

a schene, a measure of length equivalent to 20,000 mḥw (“cubits”) (about 10.5 kilometres or 6.5 miles).


šzp

Szp-p:D40 3-lit. (canonical)
šzp (infinitive)
šzpw (infinitive negative)
šzp (infinitive negative)
šzpt (infinitive)
šzp (imperative infinitive singular)
šzp (imperative infinitive plural)
šzp (stative)
ḥr šzp (imperfective)
m šzp (imperfective)
r šzp (prospective)
šzp.n (active perfect)
šzpw (passive perfect)
šzp (passive perfect)
šzp.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
šzpt (terminative)
šzp (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
šzp.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
šzp (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
šzp (active prospective)
šzpp (passive prospective)
šzp.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
šzp (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
šzp.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
šzp (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
šzp (active participle perfective)
šzp (participle passive perfective)
šzpw (participle passive perfective)
šzpy (participle passive perfective)
šzp (active imperfective participle relative)
šzpy (active imperfective participle relative)
šzpw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
šzp (active imperfective participle)
šzpj (active imperfective participle)
šzpy (active imperfective participle)
šzp (imperfective participle passive)
šzpw (imperfective participle passive)
šzp (active participle prospective relative)
šzptj (active participle prospective relative)
šzptj (participle prospective)
šzpt (participle prospective)

Demotic: šp

Coptic: ϣⲱⲡ (šōp)

(transitive) to move into (a building or temple chamber)

(transitive) to set out on, to commence (a fight, a path, a new year, etc.)


rmn

rmn (singular)
rmnwj (dual)
rmnw (plural)

(in the dual) side rails (uprights) of a ladder

side, half
side rails (uprights) of a ladder


ḥsb

ḥsb (singular)
ḥsbwj (dual)
ḥsbw (plural)

one quarter of a sṯꜣt (“aroura”) (equivalent to about 0.07 hectares)