py

According to von Beckerath, from Meroitic *𐦧𐦢 (*pi, “to live”), with the ankh glyph in the name merely serving as a determinative. Leprohon instead interprets the name as pꜣ (“O”) + ꜥnḫy (“living one”), but notes that the reading is uncertain and considers it possible that the ankh is to be read as a prospective form of the verb ꜥnḫ (“to live”). In this case the name is indeed simply py and the ankh is not a part of it.

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Piye, a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty


mrw

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE


ꜣst

→ Aramaic: אסי, אס

Bohairic Coptic: ⲏⲥⲓ (ēsi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲏⲥⲉ (ēse)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἶσῐς (Îsis)

→ Meroitic: 𐦥𐦣𐦯 (wos /wusa/)

a female given name, Iset or Aset, equivalent to English Isis


wꜣst

Thebes (ancient Egyptian city; modern Luxor)


wnn-nfr

Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲉⲛⲟϥⲉⲣ (benofer)

Old Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲛⲁϥⲣ (ouenafr)

desc

Oxyrhynchite Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲛⲁⲃⲣⲉ (ouenabre)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲛⲟϥⲣⲉ (ouenofre)

→ Ancient Greek: Ὀνούφριος (Onoúphrios)

Greek: Ονούφριος (Onoúfrios)

→ English: Onuphrius

→ Italian: Onofrio

→ Romanian: Onufrie

→ Russian: Онуфрий (Onufrij)

→ Spanish: Onofre

→ Portuguese: Onofre

→ Arabic: ابو نفر (ʔabū nufir), ابو نوفر (ʔabū nūfir), نوفير (nūfir)

wnn (“(one who) continually exists”) + nfr (“to be good, perfect, beautiful”) + (.w) (third-person masculine stative ending), thus literally ‘one who continually exists in being good/perfect/beautiful’.


rꜥ-ms-sw

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ῥαμέσσης (Rhaméssēs), Ῥαμέστης (Rhaméstēs)

→ English: Ramesses, Rameses

→ Hebrew: רַעְמְסֵס (Ra'mses)

→ English: Ramses

→ French: Ramsès

/ɾiːʕəməˈseːsə/

/ɾiːʕəməˈseːsə/

From rꜥ (“Ra”) + ms (perfective active participle of msj (“to give birth to”)) + sw (“him”), thus literally ‘Ra is the one who bore him’.

compound

perfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">msj</i> (“to give birth to”)

a male given name, Ramesses, Ramses, or Rameses


jn-jt.f

jn (perfective relative form of jnj (“to bring”)) + jt (“father”) + .f (“his”), thus literally ‘(he) whom his father brought’.

perfective relative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jnj</i> (“to bring”)

a male given name, Intef, Antef, or Inyotef


qrwjwꜣpꜣdrꜣ

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Κλεοπάτρα (Kleopátra).

A female given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Cleopatra, notably borne by Cleopatra.


ptwꜣrwmys

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πτολεμαῖος (Ptolemaîos).

<-p:d-w-l:M-i-i-s->

<-p*t:l-W:M-i-i-s->

<-p:t-wA-l:M-i-i-s-anx-D:t:tA-p:t-H-mr->

A male given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Ptolemy, notably borne by several members of the Ptolemaic dynasty


mry-n-ptḥ

From mry (“beloved”) + n(j) (“of”) + ptḥ (“Ptah”).

a male given name, Merneptah or Merenptah


jmn-ḥtp

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀμενώθης (Amenṓthēs), Ἀμένωφις (Aménōphis), Ἀμενόθης (Amenóthēs)
Greek: Αμένωφις (Aménofis)
→ Latin: Amenōphis
→ English: Amenophis
→ Portuguese: Amenófis

Coptic: ⲁⲙⲉⲛⲱⲑ (amenōth)

jmn (“Amun”) + ḥtp(.w) (“is satisfied”), masculine third-person singular stative form of ḥtp (“to satisfy”), thus literally ‘Amun is satisfied’. The name is transcribed in the Amarna letters as 𒀀𒈠𒀭𒄩𒀜𒁉 (a-ma-an-ḫa-at-pe₂).


mnj

→ Ancient Greek: Μήνης (Mḗnēs)
→ Greek: Μήνης (Mínis)
→ Latin: Mēnēs
→ English: Menes
→ French: Ménès
→ Portuguese: Menés

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Menes, uniter of Upper and Lower Egypt and founder of the First Dynasty of Egypt


zꜣ-ptḥ

zꜣ (“son”) + ptḥ (“Ptah”), literally ‘son of Ptah’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


ptḥ-wr

ptḥ (“Ptah”) + wr (“great”), literally ‘Ptah is great’.


mry-jmn

From mry (perfective relative form of mrj) + jmn (“Amon”), literally ‘(one) whom Amon loves’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

af

mry <pos:perfective relative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mrj</i>>


mry-rꜥ

From mry (perfective relative form of mrj) + rꜥ (“Ra”), literally ‘(one) whom Ra loves’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

a male given name, Meryre, Merire, or Meryra


z-n-wsrt

From z (“man”) + n(j) (“of”) + wsrt (“Wosret”), thus ‘man of Wosret’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Senusret (also anglicized as Sesostris and Senwosret)


wnjs

Uncertain. Like many fifth-dynasty pharaohs’ birth names, this name may simply be a diminutive without any meaning of its own. Alternatively, some authors have tentatively proposed to read it as wn-js, from a form of wnn (“to exist”) + js (“intensifying particle”), thus meaning ‘Who exists indeed’.

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Unas, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty.


twt-ꜥnḫ-jtn

From twt (“image”) + ꜥnḫ (“living”) + jtn (“Aten”), with twt and jtn in a direct genitive construction. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

A male given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Tutankhaten, notably borne by Tutankhaten (later Tutankhamon), a pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty


twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn-ḥqꜣ-jwnw-šmꜥw

twt (“image”) + ꜥnḫ (“living”) + jmn (“Amun”) + ḥqꜣ (“ruler”) + jwnw-šmꜥw (“Thebes”, literally “Heliopolis of Upper Egypt”), thus literally meaning ‘The Living Image of Amun, Ruler of the Heliopolis of Upper Egypt [i.e. Thebes]’. The compound is based on the pharaoh’s earlier name, twt-ꜥnḫ-jtn (literally “living image of the Aten”). A shorter form of twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn-ḥqꜣ-jwnw-šmꜥw is found as twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn (“Tutankhamon”).

compound

A male given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Tutankhamon-Heqaiunushemau, notably borne by Tutankhamon-Heqaiunushemau, a pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty


twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn

→ English: Tutankhamun (learned)

/təˈwaːtə ˈʕaːnəχ ʔaˈmaːnə/

/təˈwaːtə ˈʕaːnəχ ʔaˈmaːnə/

twt (“image”) + ꜥnḫ (“living”) + jmn (“Amun”), with twt and jmn in a direct genitive construction. The compound is based on the pharaoh’s earlier name, twt-ꜥnḫ-jtn (literally “living image of the Aten”). A longer form of twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn is found as twt-ꜥnḫ-jmn-ḥqꜣ-jwnw-šmꜥw.

A male given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Tutankhamon, notably borne by Tutankhamon, a pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty, literally ‘The Living Image of Amun’.


mrt

Feminine singular of the perfective passive participle of mrj, thus literally ‘the beloved’.


tyts

A male given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Titus, notably borne by Titus, a Roman emperor who ruled from 79 to 81 CE.


ḏḥwtj-ms

ḏḥwtj (“Thoth”) + ms (“to give birth”) + (.w) (masculine third-person singular stative ending), thus ‘Thoth is born’.

af

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Tuthmosis III, a pharaoh of the Eighteenth Dynasty


nt-jqr.t

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Νίτωκρις (Nítōkris)
Greek: Νίτωκρις (Nítokris)
Latin: Nitōcris

nt (“Neith”) + jqr (“to be excellent”) + .t(j) (feminine singular stative ending), thus literally ‘Neith is excellent’.
While correct uses of this name are attested for non-royal individuals, the name’s application to a sixth dynasty pharaoh/queen likely originated as an error for nṯrj-kꜣ-rꜥ made long after the time of the pharaoh who bore that name.

af

a female given name, Nitocris or Netiqret


ḫšꜣyꜣrwšꜣ

/xɛʃɑiːɑruːʃɑ/

Borrowed from Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 (Xšayār̥šā).

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Xerxes I, a pharaoh of the 27th Dynasty

Denkmäler aus Ägypten und Äthiopien (1849)


jnj

Uncertain. Like many fifth-dynasty pharaohs’ birth names, this name may simply be a diminutive without any meaning of its own, perhaps of the pharaoh’s throne name n-wsr-rꜥ (in which case it may not be the actual name given at birth). Alternatively, some have tentatively attempted to explain it with various meanings, such as ‘the delayed one’ or ‘the (one with the bushy?) eyebrows’.

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Nyuserre Ini, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


zꜣ-sbk

zꜣ (“son”) + sbk (“Sobek”) in a direct genitive construction, literally ‘son of Sobek’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


ꜣḫ-n-jtn

reconstructed Amarna-period Late Egyptian

/ˈʔuːχəʔ nə ˈjaːtəj/

From ꜣḫ (“effective”) + n (“for”) + jtn (“sun-disc, Aten”), thus literally meaning ‘Effective for the Aten’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

compound

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the 14th century BCE pharaoh Akhenaten, possible father of Tutankhamon and founder of Atenism


tjw

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Predynastic Egyptian king Tiu


nfrt-jj.tj

→ English: Nefertiti

→ German: Nofretete

nfrt (“good one, beautiful one”) + jj (“to come”) + .tj (feminine third-person singular stative ending), thus literally ‘The Beautiful One has Come’.


tꜣ-wr

tꜣ (“land”) + wr (“great”), thus literally ‘The Great Land’.

Ta-wer, the eighth nome of Upper Egypt, containing the cities of Thinis and Abydos


mnṯw-wsr

mnṯw (“Montu”) + wsr (“to be powerful”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus literally ‘Montu is powerful’.


sbk-m-ḥꜣb

sbk (“Sobek”) + m (“in”) + ḥꜣb (“festival”), thus ‘Sobek is in festival’.


ppy

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Pepi I Meryre, Pepi II Neferkare, and Pepi III, pharaohs of the Sixth and Sixteenth Dynasty


ttj

→ English: Teti

→ Ancient Greek: Ὀθόης (Othóēs)

→ Ancient Greek: Τύρεις (Túreis)

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Teti, a pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty


jw-snb

From the imperfective active participle of jj (“to come”) + snb (“to be healthy”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus literally ‘(the one) coming healthy’.


ḫw.n-jnpw

ḫw.n (perfect relative form of ḫwj) + jnpw (“Anubis”), thus literally ‘(he) whom Anubis has protected’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

perfect relative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ḫwj</i>


rn.s-rs

rn (“name”) + .s (“her”) + rs (“to wake”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘her name is awake’.


ḏḏt-jmn

ḏḏt (feminine imperfective relative form of rḏj) + jmn (“Amon”), thus literally ‘(she) whom Amon gives’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

feminine imperfective relative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">rḏj</i>


snb-n.j

snb (“be healthy”, in the imperative) + n (“for”) + .j (“me”).


sbk-ḥtp

sbk (“Sobek”) + ḥtp (“to be content”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Sobek is content’.


skꜣ

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Predynastic Egyptian king Hsekiu


ḥr-m-ḥꜣt

ḥr (“Horus”) + m (“in”) + ḥꜣt (“forepart, front”), thus ‘Horus is at the fore’.


jmn-m-ḥꜣt

/ʔaˌmaːnə məˈħuːʔə/

/ʔaˌmoːn əmˈħeːʔ/

/ʔaˌmaːnə məˈħuːʔə/

/ʔaˌmoːn əmˈħeːʔ/

jmn (“Amun”) + m (“in”) + ḥꜣt (“forepart, front”), thus ‘Amun is at the fore’.

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by a number of pharaohs named Amenemhat in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Dynasties


nmtj-nḫt

From nmtj (“Nemti”) + nḫt (“strong, victorious”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Nemti is strong’.

.w <alt:(.w)><pos:masculine singular stative ending>


jmn-nḫt

From jmn (“Amun”) + nḫt (“strong, victorious”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Amun is strong’.


ḥr-ḏd.f

From ḥr (“Horus”) + ḏd (“stability”) + .f (“his”), thus ‘Horus is his stability’. Possibly, if the name is written with honorific transposition, it could also be ḏd (“endures”) + .f (“he”) + ḥr (“Horus”), thus ‘He endures, (namely) Horus’.

a male given name, Hordjedef or Djedefhor


kmbjṯt

Derived from Old Persian 𐎣𐎲𐎢𐎪𐎡𐎹 (k-b-u-ji-i-y /kaᵐbūjiya/).

bor

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the Achaemenid king Cambyses


ꜣrwksjndrs

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros).

A male given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Alexander, notably borne by Alexander the Great.


jntjrwywꜣšꜣ

Derived from Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎢𐏁 (d-a-r-y-u-š /Dārayauš/), shortened form of 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 (d-a-r-y-v-u-š /Dārayava(h)uš/). Compare 𐊑𐊗𐊀𐊕𐊆𐊊𐊁𐊒𐊖- (ñtarijeus-).

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the Achaemenid king Darius


tybꜣrys

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the Roman emperor Tiberius


prwypwsꜣ

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Φίλιππος (Phílippos).

A male given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Philip, notably borne by Philip III of Macedon


wspjsyns

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Vespasian


ṯš

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the Predynastic king Tjesh


ḫꜣjw

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the Predynastic king Khayu


mẖ

If the writing is an abbreviated form of jmj-ẖt, possibly from jmj (“being in”) + ẖt (“group of gods”), thus literally meaning ‘(the one) being in the group of gods (i.e. the Ennead)’.

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the Predynastic king Mekh


n-hb

Possibly from n(j) (“belonging”) + hb (“plow”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally meaning ‘belonging to the plow’.

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the Predynastic king Neheb


wngbw

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the Predynastic king Wenegbu


nfr-kꜣ-rꜥ

From nfr (“pleasing, fine, good”) + kꜣ (“ka”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus literally ‘the fine (one) of the ka of Ra’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

af

a male given name, Neferkare or Neferkara


bꜣk-n-rn.f

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Βόκχωρις (Bókkhōris), Βοχορῖνις (Bokhorînis), Βόκχορις (Bókkhoris)

→ Neo-Assyrian: [script needed] (bu-kur-ni-ni-ip)

/ˌbaːʔək nəˈɾiːnəf/

/ˌβoːʔək ənˈɾiːnəf/

/ˌbaːʔək nəˈɾiːnəf/

/ˌβoːʔək ənˈɾiːnəf/

bꜣk (“servant”) + n(j) (“of”) + rn (“name”) + .f (“his”), thus ‘servant of his name’.

af

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Bakenranef, a pharaoh of the Twenty-fourth Dynasty


ṯb-nṯr

nTr-E9-t:niwt m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲉⲙⲛⲟⲩϯ (čemnouti)

→ Arabic: سَمَنُّود (samannūd)

desc

→ Neo-Assyrian: 𒌷𒂟𒉡𒋾 (ᵁᴿᵁṣab-nu-ti /ṣabnūti/), 𒍝𒉼𒉡𒌋𒋾 (ṣa-ban-nu-u-ti /ṣabannūti/)

→ Ancient Greek: Σεβέννυτος (Sebénnutos)

→ Latin: Sebennytus

/tʃəβˈnoːtə/

/tʃəβˈnoːtə/

/t͡ʃɛb nɛt͡ʃɛr/

From ṯb (“calf”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘calf of the god’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition. The Akkadian and Greek spellings may reflect a form ṯb n nṯr, with an analytic genitive.

egy-ht

the twelfth nome of Lower Egypt, of which Sebennytos was the capital


sꜣdjꜥmj

Unknown. Thomas Schneider proposed an origin from a Semitic form *šadī-ʿammī, glossed as “my uncle is my rock” or “ʿAmmu is my rock”.


yꜥqb-hr

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Yaqub-Har, a pharaoh of the Fourteenth or Fifteenth Dynasty


bjrwnygꜣt

/βəɾəˈniːkə/

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Βερενίκη (Bereníkē).

bor+

A female given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Berenice or Bernice, notably borne by Berenice II


ꜣrwtꜣḫšꜣšꜣs

/ɑruːtɑxʃɑʃɑs/

Derived from Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎫𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎠 (a-r-t-x-š-ç-a /Artaxšaça/).

bor

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Artaxerxes I


nfrw-rꜥ

nfrw (“beauty”) + rꜥ (“Ra”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘The Beauty of Ra’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


sn-n-mwt

sn (“brother”) + n(j) (“of”) + mwt (“mother”), thus literally ‘Mother’s brother’.


mryt-jmn

mryt (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + jmn (“Amon”), literally ‘(she) whom Amon loves’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

feminine perfective relative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mrj</i>


šꜣšꜣnq

Demotic: ššnq

desc

→ Neo-Assyrian: 𒋗𒊓𒀭𒆪 (šu-sa-an-qu /sušanqu/), 𒋢𒋛𒅔𒆪 (su-si-in-qu /šušinqu/)

→ Koine Greek: Σεσόγγωσις (Sesóngōsis), Σεσονγῶσις (Sesongôsis), Σισόνχις (Sisónkhis)

→ Biblical Hebrew: שִׁישַׁק (šīšáq), שׁוּשַׁק (šūšáq)

→ Koine Greek: Σουσακίμ (Sousakím), Σουσακεὶμ (Sousakeìm)

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by several pharaohs of the 22nd and 23rd Dynasties: Shoshenq


nfr-mꜣꜥt

nfr (“to be beautiful”) + mꜣꜥt (“Maat, justice”), thus literally ‘Maat/justice is beautiful’.


nfr-ḥtp

→ Ancient Greek: Νεφώτης (Nephṓtēs)

nfr (“beautiful (one)”) + ḥtp (“to be content”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus literally ‘the beautiful one is content’.


nfr-nfrw-rꜥ

From nfr (“beautiful (one)”) + nfrw (“beautiful ones”, plural of nfr) + rꜥ (“Ra”) in a series of direct genitive constructions, thus literally ‘beautiful one of the beautiful ones of Ra’, i.e. ‘most beautiful one of Ra’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

af

nfrw <pos:plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">nfr</i>><t:beautiful ones>


ꜥnḫ.s-n-jmn

ꜥnḫ (“to live”) + .s (“she”) + n (“for”) + jmn (“Amun”), thus literally ‘she lives for Amun’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


mryt-jtn

From mryt (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + jtn (“Aten”), literally ‘(she) whom the Aten loves’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

mryt <pos:feminine perfective relative form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mrj</i>>


nfr-nfrw-jtn

From nfr (“beautiful (one)”) + nfrw (“beautiful ones”, plural of nfr) + jtn (“Aten”) in a series of direct genitive constructions, thus literally ‘beautiful one of the beautiful ones of Aten’, i.e. ‘most beautiful one of Aten’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


nfrt-jrj

nfrt (“beautiful (one)”) + jrj (“with respect to it, thereto”), thus roughly ‘the most beautiful (one) among them’. The t and following j in this name are often transposed for aesthetic reasons.


nfrw-bjtj

nfrw (“beauty”) + bjtj (“king of Lower Egypt”), thus literally ‘the beauty of the king of Lower Egypt’. The written form apparently demonstrates honorific transposition; however, some authors read the name without transposition, as bjtj-nfrw.


jrsjrnꜣt

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ἀρσινόη (Arsinóē).

bor+

A female given name of historical usage, notably borne by Arsinoe II.


nfrw-ptḥ

From nfrw (“beauty”) + ptḥ (“Ptah”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘the beauty of Ptah’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


ptḥ-ms

ptḥ (“Ptah”) + ms (“to give birth”) + (.w) (masculine third-person singular stative ending), thus ‘Ptah is born’.


rꜥ-ms

rꜥ (“Ra”) + ms (“to give birth”) + (.w) (masculine third-person singular stative ending), thus ‘Ra is born’.


ḥtp-ḥr.s

ḥtp (“to be content”) + ḥr (“face”) + .s (“her”), thus literally ‘her face is content’.


nfrw-sbk

From nfrw (“beauty”) + sbk (“Sobek”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘the beauty of Sobek’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition. Some authors instead read the name without transposition as sbk-nfrw (“Sobek is perfect”), following the later Greek form Σκεμίοφρις (Skemíophris), but others consider this order of elements a later development.


nt-ḥtp

From nt (“Neith”) + ḥtp (“to be content”). The interpretation is unclear; a reading as ‘Neith is content’ in this order does not seem possible: if ḥtp were in the stative, it would need the feminine stative ending .tj rather than an unwritten masculine stative ending, and in any case theophoric names using the stative did not appear until the Middle Kingdom. A solution may be found in honorific transposition, in which case the intended reading would be ḥtp-nt. Indeed, just such a name is attested in later times.


nfrt-jꜣbt

/ˌnafɾə ˈjoːβə/

nfrt (“beautiful (one)”) + jꜣbt (“east”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘the beautiful (one) of the east’.


mrt-nbtj

mr(y)t (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + nbtj (“the Two Ladies”), literally ‘(she) whom the Two Ladies love’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


ḥꜣt-špswt

From ḥꜣt (“front”) + špswt (plural of špst (“noblewoman”)) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘foremost of noblewomen’. A longer form of ḥꜣt-špswt is found as ẖnmt-jmn-ḥꜣt-špswt.

af

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">špst</i> (“noblewoman”)

A female given name of historical usage, notably borne by Hatshepsut


stẖj

stẖ (“Set”) + -j (nisba ending), thus literally ‘Sethian’.


mryt-ptḥ

From mryt (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + ptḥ (“Ptah”), thus literally ‘(she) whom Ptah loves’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


mryt-rꜥ

From mryt (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus literally ‘(she) whom Ra loves’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


mr.s-ꜥnḫ

mr (“loves”) + .s (“she”) + ꜥnḫ (“life”), thus literally ‘she loves life’.


ḥnwt-tꜣwj

ḥnwt (“mistress”) + tꜣwj (“Egypt”, literally “the Two Lands”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Mistress of Egypt’.


nfr-ḥtp.s

nfr (“to be beautiful”) + ḥtp (“peace”) + .s (“her”), thus literally ‘her peace is beautiful’.


nfrt-ḥnwt

nfrt (“beautiful (one)”) + ḥnwt (“lady”).


pr-snt

pr (“to come forth”) + snt (“sister”), thus ‘a sister comes forth’.


mwt-nfr.t

mwt (“Mut”) + nfr (“to be beautiful”) + .t(j) (feminine singular stative ending), thus ‘Mut is beautiful’.


tjꜥꜣ

Possibly to be interpreted as a variant of tꜣ (“the”) + ꜥꜣ(t) (“great (one)”), thus literally ‘the great’.


ptḥ-špss

ptḥ (“Ptah”) + špss (“to be noble, esteemed”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Ptah is noble/esteemed’.


mryt-jt.s

mryt (feminine perfective relative form of mrj) + jt (“father”) + .s (“her”), thus literally ‘(she) whom her father loves’.


nfrt-kꜣw

nfrt (“beautiful (one)”) + kꜣw (plural of kꜣ (“ka”)) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘the beautiful one of kas’.

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">kꜣ</i> (“ka”)


pwj-m-rꜥ

pwj (a proper name) + m (“in (the role of)”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus perhaps ‘pwj is Ra’.


jj-m-ḥtp

→ Ancient Greek: Ἰμούθης (Imoúthēs)

→ English: Imhotep

jj (“coming”, perfective active participle of jj (“to come, to return”)) + m ḥtp (“in peace, safely”), thus ‘(the one) coming in peace’, ‘(the one) returning home safely’.

compound

perfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jj</i> (“to come, to return”)

A male given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Imhotep, notably borne by Imhotep.


rꜥ-ḥtp

rꜥ (“Ra”) + ḥtp (“to be content”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Ra is content’.


tꜣ.f-nḫt

tꜣy (possessive determiner) + .f (“his”) + nḫt (“strength”), thus literally ‘his strength’.


n-kꜣw

n(j) (“of, belonging to”) + kꜣw (plural of kꜣ (“ka”)), thus literally ‘(the one) belonging to the kas’.

af

The second glyph is unclearand may be something else


nḫt-nb.f

nḫt (“strong, victorious (one)”) + nb (“lord”) + .f (“his”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘The strong one of his lord’.


nꜣy.f-ꜥꜣw-rwḏ

/nɑiːʔɛf ɑːʔɑuː ruːd͡ʒ/

nꜣy (demonstrative determiner) + .f (“his”) + ꜥꜣw (plural of ꜥꜣ (“great (one)”)) + rwḏ (“to be firm, to prosper”) + (.w) (masculine plural stative ending), thus literally ‘his great ones are prospering’, with ‘his great ones’ referring to his ancestors. Alternatively, it is possible that ꜥꜣw is not the plural of ꜥꜣ here but the abstract noun meaning ‘greatness’, thus ‘his greatness is prospering’; either interpretation is plausible.

af

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ꜥꜣ</i> (“great (one)”)


psmṯk

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ψαμμήτιχος (Psammḗtikhos)
Greek: Ψαμμήτιχος (Psammítichos)
→ Latin: Psammētichus
→ English: Psammetichus

Uncertain; one possible derivation, based on the attested longer form pꜣ-zꜣ-n-mṯk, is p(ꜣ) (“the”) + z(ꜣ) (“man”) + n(j) (“of”) + mṯk (“the Libyan deity Meṯek”), thus ‘the man of Meṯek’.


jꜥḥ-ms

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ἄμασις (Ámasis), Ἄμωσις (Ámōsis)

jꜥḥ (“the moon/Iah”) + ms (“to give birth”) + (.w) (masculine third-person singular stative ending), thus ‘the moon is born’ or ‘Iah is born’.


mꜣꜣt-ḥr-nfrw-rꜥ

mꜣꜣt (“seeing”, feminine imperfective active participle of mꜣꜣ) + ḥr (“Horus”) + nfrw (“beauty”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), with the last two words in a direct genitive construction and in apposition to the rest, thus ‘(one) seeing Horus, the beauty of Ra’.

feminine imperfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">mꜣꜣ</i>


ꜣst-nfrt

ꜣst (“Isis”) + nfrt (“beautiful”), thus ‘Isis is beautiful’.


ḏd-ḥr

→ Akkadian:

Neo-Assyrian: 𒍢𒄩𒀀 (ṣi-ḫa-a /ṣiḫā/)

Neo-Babylonian: 𒍢𒄩𒀪 (ṣi-ḫa-ˀ /ṣiḫaꜣ/)

→ Ancient Greek: Τέως (Téōs)

Coptic: ⲧⲁϩⲟ (taho)

ḏd (“to say”) + ḥr (“Horus”), thus literally ‘Horus says’. This might be either a shortened form of the name ḏd-ḥr-jw.f-ꜥnḫ (literally “Horus says, ‘He will live’”) or an ancient misreading of a hieratic name ns-ḥr (literally “the one belonging to Horus”).


jꜥḥ-ḥtp

jꜥḥ (“Iah/the moon”) + ḥtp (“to be content”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus literally ‘Iah/the moon is content’.


šꜣbꜣtꜣkꜣ

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Shebitku, a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty


šꜣbꜣkꜣ

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Shabaka, a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty


kꜣštꜣ

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Kashta, a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty


jrwrꜣ

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Alara, a pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth Dynasty


ḏḏw-ms

/d͡ʒɛd͡ʒuː mɛs/

ḏḏw (“who is given”) + ms(w) (“birth”), thus ‘(the one) who is given birth’.


tꜣnwꜣtj-jmn

The Lexikon der Ägyptologie notes that this name is evidently Cushitic. Leprohon, however, considers it a variant of the Egyptian name tꜣ-nt-jmn (literally “She of Amun”), which is otherwise only attested as a feminine name. In any case, the second element is certainly jmn (“Amun”). The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

egy-ht

a male given name, Tantamani or Tanutamun


zꜣ-jmn

From zꜣ (“son”) + jmn (“Amun”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘son of Amun’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


stẖ-nḫt

From stẖ (“Set”) + nḫt (“to be strong, to be victorious”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Set is strong’.


nmꜣrṯ

Of Libyan origin, presumably from a predecessor or extinct sister language of Proto-Berber.


pꜣ-sbꜣ-ḫꜥ-n-nwt

/pəˈsiːβə χəʕənˈneːʔə/

pꜣ (“the”) + sbꜣ (“star”) + ḫꜥ (“appearing”) + n (“in”) + nwt (“city”), thus literally ‘the star appearing in the city’, a reference to Thebes.
Greek Ψουσέννης (Psousénnēs) reflects the later (Demotic-era) shift of /ḫ/ → [ʃ] in [pəsiβʃəʕənˈneːʔə]. The preposition m appears as n due to assimilation with nwt.

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Psusennes I, a pharaoh of the Twenty-First Dynasty.


rwḏ-jmn

From rwḏ (“to be firm, to succeed”) + jmn (“Amun”), thus ‘Amun is firm/Amun succeeds’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


zꜣ-ꜣst

zꜣ (“son”) + ꜣst (“Isis”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘son of Isis’.


ḥr-zꜣ-ꜣst

Demotic: ḥr-sꜣ-js.t

Coptic: ϩⲱⲣⲥⲓⲏⲥⲉ (hōrsiēse)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἁρσιῆσις (Harsiêsis)

/ħoːɾ siːʔ ˈʔeːsə/

ḥr (“Horus”) + zꜣ (“son”) + ꜣst (“Isis”) with the latter two elements in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Horus, son of Isis’.


p.f-ṯꜣw-ꜥwj-bꜣstt

/pɛʔɛf t͡ʃɑuː ɑːuːi bɑstɛt/

p(ꜣy) (demonstrative determiner) + .f (“his”) + ṯꜣw (“breath”) + (m) (“in, from”) + ꜥwj (dual of ꜥ (“arm”)) + bꜣstt (“Bastet”), thus ‘his breath (comes) from the arms of Bastet’.

dual of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ꜥ</i> (“arm”)


tꜣ-nt-jmn

tꜣ (feminine relational pronoun) + nt (“of”) + jmn (“Amun”), thus literally ‘she of Amun’.


ꜣst-m-ꜣḫ-bjt

ꜣst (“Isis”) + m (“in”) + ꜣḫ-bjt (“Chemmis”), thus ‘Isis is in Chemmis’.


wsr-mnṯw

wsr (“to be powerful”) + mnṯw (“Montu”), thus literally ‘Montu is powerful’.


pꜣ-dj-bꜣstt

pꜣ (“the”) + dj (“given”) + bꜣstt (“Bastet”), thus literally ‘the given of Bastet’, i.e. ‘the one whom Bastet has given’.


ẖnmt-nfr-ḥḏt

ẖnmt (“united with”) + nfr-ḥḏt (“White Crown”), thus literally ‘united with the White Crown’.

a female given name, Khenemetneferhedjet


pꜣ-nḥsj

→ Biblical Hebrew: פִּינְחָס (Pīnəḥās)

→ English: Phinehas, Phineas

pꜣ (“the”) + nḥsj (“Nubian”), thus literally ‘the Nubian’.


ḫꜥ-m-wꜣst

ḫꜥ (“appearing”) + m (“in”) + wꜣst (“Thebes”), thus ‘(the one) appearing in Thebes’.


jnb-ḥḏ

inb-HD m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)

Demotic: jnb-ḥḏ

desc

Λευκὸν τεῖχος

→ Ancient Greek: Λευκὸν τεῖχος (Leukòn teîkhos) (calque)

→ English: White Wall (calque)

From jnb (“wall”) + ḥḏ (“white”), literally “White Wall”.

af

the first nome of Lower Egypt, with its capital at Memphis


nmtj-m-zꜣ.f

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Μεθουσοῦφις (Methousoûphis), Μενθεσοῦφις (Menthesoûphis)

nmtj (“Nemty”) + m (“in, in the role of”) + zꜣ (“protection”) + .f (“his”), thus literally ‘Nemty is his protection’.

af

<-G7A-m-V17-f->-H_SPACE-<-ra-mr-r:n->-p:n-di-s-n-anx-n:x-k-!-n-H-Hr:r-k-i-t:*r-E23-M5\-M5\-M5\-G5-Ax-x-ti-i-N18-!-m-ir:t-s-n-r:n-f-m-H-Hr:r-N31-i-r-nTr-nTr-nTr

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume V, Providence: Brown University, PT 606.26–606.28 (Pyr. 1693a–1693c), M

nmtj-m-zꜣ.f mr.n-rꜥ pn ḏj.sn ꜥnḫ.k nḥr.k jtrw ḥr-ꜣḫtj m jrt.sn rn.f m ḥr jr nṯrw

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Nemtyemzaef Merenre I and II, two pharaohs of the Sixth Dynasty

ḏfꜣ is aplaceholder that means ‘lacuna’and indicates the first sign wasalready unknown in Ramesside times


jmn-ms

From jmn (“Amun”) + ms (“to give birth”) + (.w) (masculine third-person singular stative ending), thus ‘Amun is born’.

.w <alt:(.w)><pos:masculine third-person singular stative ending>


bḥdt

the 17th nome of Lower Egypt, with its capital at Semabehdet (Tell el-Balamun)


wꜣyšꜣtjsꜣpy

<-ini-T:rw-i-wA-SA->-anx-D&t&tA-G40-aA:a-G40-wr:r-A21-n:n-A-wr:r-A21-Z3-!-G40--HASH-HASH-HASH-HASH-HASH-HASH-wA-i-i--SA-ti-i-Aa18:p-i-i-A41-i-A-x:H_SPACE-m-i-n:N38-A41
jnṯrwjwꜣšꜣ ꜥnḫ ḏt pꜣ ꜥꜣ pꜣ wr n(j) nꜣ wrw pꜣ [… wꜣy]šꜣtjsꜣpy jꜣḫmjnš

c. 522–486 BCE, Tell el-Maskhuta stela of Darius I (Cairo JE 48855), lines 4–5

Darius, alive forever, the great one, the king of kings, the [… son of Hy]staspes the Achaemenid

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the Achaemenid satrap Hystaspes


zꜣ-nht

zꜣ (“son”) + nht (“sycamore”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘son of sycamore’.

A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Sinuhe


ẖnmw-ḥtp

ẖnmw (“Khnum”) + ḥtp (“to be content”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Khnum is content’.


mnṯw-ḥtp

mnṯw (“Montu”) + ḥtp (“to be content”) + (.w) (masculine singular stative ending), thus ‘Montu is content’.


wsr-mꜣꜥt-rꜥ

desc

Demotic: wsr-mꜣꜥ.t-rꜥ, smn-rꜥ, ns-mn-rꜥ, wsy-mn-rꜥ

→ Koine Greek: (semi-learned) Ὀσυμανδύας (Osumandúas), Ζμανρής (Zmanrḗs), Σμανρής (Smanrḗs)

→ English: Ozymandias

/wəsmuʕəˈɾeːʕə/

Demotic (Egyptian)
Ramesses II
cuneiform

From wsr + mꜣꜥt + rꜥ, meaning "The righteousness of the Sun (Ra) is powerful". It is attested as 𒉿𒀸𒈬𒀀𒊑𒀀 (wa-aš-mu-a-re-a) in Hittite cuneiform documents dating to the reign of Ramesses II (c. 1250 B.C.E.). In the Demotic period, the given name wsr-mꜣꜥt-rꜥ is frequently represented by the unetymological pronunciation spellings ns-mn-rꜥ and smn-rꜥ, which resemble contemporary Greek transcriptions (see below).


jtwnj-rꜥꜣ-yh

Schneider reconstructs the name as Northwest Semitic *ʾadōnī-rōʿē-yāh, "My lord is the shepherd of Yah"; both Schneider and Shalomi Hen identify *-yāh with an abbreviated form of the toponym yhwꜣ, attested to during the 13th century BCE, whose relationship to the theonym Yahweh is still debated. Schneider takes the phrase *rōʿē-yāh as a whole as a divine epithet for Yahweh in his association with the toponym.


ytwꜥw-bꜥr

The second element is a rendering of the Semitic theonym Baal, ultimately from Proto-Semitic *baʕl- (“lord”); see also Egyptian bꜥr (“Baal”) as a loanword. The first element may be a transcription of a word derived from a Semitic root for ‘to know’ also reflected in יָדַע. The meaning of the whole is then perhaps ‘Acquaintance of Baal’.


jbšꜣ

From Semitic, sometimes equated with Hebrew אבישי (Abishai).

S38-N29:N25-i*b:SA*Z1
ḥqꜣ-ḫꜣst jbšꜣ

c. 1900 BCE, Procession of the Aamu, Tomb of Khnumhotep II, Beni Hasan


wsr-kꜣ.f

wsr (“to be(come) powerful”) + kꜣ (“life-force”) + .f (“his”), thus ‘his life-force is powerful’.

af

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Userkaf, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


sꜣḥ-wj-rꜥ

Leprohon interprets the name as sꜣḥ (“to endow”) + wj (“me”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus ‘Ra has endowed me’; others have interpreted the first part as a single passive participle, with a reading along the lines of sꜣḥw (“arrived at, reached”) + rꜥ (“Ra”), thus ‘(he who is) reached by Ra’.

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Sahure, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


kꜣkꜣj

Unclear. Like many fifth-dynasty pharaohs’ birth names, this name may simply be a diminutive without any meaning of its own, perhaps of the pharaoh’s throne name nfr-jr-kꜣ-rꜥ (in which case it may not be the actual name given at birth). Alternatively, some have tentatively attempted to explain it as kꜣ (“life-force, sustenance”) + kꜣ + .j (“my”), thus ‘my life-force is a life-force’.

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Neferirkare Kakai, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


jkꜣw-ḥr

Uncertain. Like many fifth-dynasty pharaohs’ birth names, this name may simply be a diminutive without any meaning of its own, perhaps of the pharaoh’s throne name mn-kꜣw-ḥr (in which case it may not be the actual name given at birth).

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Menkauhor Kaiu, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


jzj

Unclear. Like many fifth-dynasty pharaohs’ birth names, this name may simply be a diminutive without any meaning of its own.

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Neferefre, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


jzzj

Uncertain. Like many fifth-dynasty pharaohs’ birth names, this name may simply be a diminutive without any meaning of its own. Alternatively, some have tentatively attempted to explain it as derived from the imperative verb jz (“go!”) as an expression possibly uttered by a midwife at the time of birth.

A given name of historical usage, notably borne by Djedkare Isesi, a pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty


jmn-m-jpt

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀμένωφις (Aménōphis)

desc

→ Middle Babylonian: [Term?] (/amanappa/)

From jmn (“Amun”) + m (“in”) + jpt (“Luxor, inner sanctum”), thus “Amun in Luxor”, “Amun in the inner sanctum”. The personal name is probably to be interpreted as an adverbial sentence, “Amun is in Luxor”.