twr

twr (singular)
twrwj (dual)
twrw (plural)


twr

a kind of plant, possibly a kind of reed, used medicinally and said to be given to the dead in the afterworld


nb

Demotic: (nb)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲏⲃ (nēb)

Old Coptic: ⲛⲏⲃ (nēb)

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE

Ehret attempts to derive this term from a Proto-Afroasiatic *ruub- (“to send”); as with other attempts at reconstructing Proto-Afroasiatic, academic consensus is lacking, and in this case the derivation is not particularly plausible.

an epithet of various gods, especially Osiris


rꜥ

r:a-ra (canonical masculine)
rꜥ (singular)
rꜥwj (dual)
rꜥw (plural)

Demotic:  (rꜥ)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲣⲓ (ri), ⲣⲉⲓ (rei)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲣⲏ (rē)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲣⲉ (re)

Old Coptic: ⲣⲏ (rē), ⲣⲉ (re)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲣⲏ (rē)

→ English: Re

→ English: Ra

(only in the plural) one of a number of minor ‘Ra-gods’ or sun gods


ḥr

desc

Coptic: ϩⲱⲣ (hōr), (in compounds) ϩⲁⲣ- (har-)

→ Ancient Greek: Ὧρος (Hôros), (in compounds) Ἁρ- (Har-)

→ Meroitic: 𐦠𐦫 (ar /ara/)

According to Loprieno, formed from a stem ḥaru- + the Proto-Afroasiatic nominative case marker *-u; in Egyptian, Proto-Afroasiatic case markers were generally lost, but *-u became a glide -w instead when the stem ended in a vowel. The stem is probably related either to the preposition ḥr (“above”), with the theonym thus meaning ‘the One Above’, or to the verb ḥrj (“to be distant”), with the theonym meaning ‘the Distant One’, or to both.

ḥr-jwn-mwt.f

Her-iunmutef (Horus, Pillar of His Mother)

ḥr-wps-tꜣwj

Her-wepes-tawy (Horus who illuminates the Two Lands)

ḥr-zmꜣ-tꜣwj

Her-sema-tawy (Horus Uniter of the Two Lands)

nw:k-A1-G5-A40-ms-s-n-F51:t-B1-ir-i-i-m-D38:k-t:D40-N33A:f-m-Xn:nw*pr-s-w-H-t:H8-!-D35-A-d-w-I3-i-A1-h:h-Q7-n:r*Z1-T:n-D35:p-H-pH-D54:n-w-i-A1-D:d-t-T:n-r-i-A1
jnk ḥr ms.n ꜣst jry mkt.f m ẖnw swḥt nj ꜣd wj hh n(j) r(ꜣ).ṯn nj pḥ.n wj ḏdt.ṯn r.j

c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Coffin Texts, version S1P (outer coffin of Nakhti, Louvre E 11981) spell 148, lines 121–122

I am Horus, born of Isis, whose protection was made within the egg: the fiery breath of your mouths will not rage against me, and what you may say against me cannot reach me.

gm:M-n:t*w-G5-xrw-f:mAa:a-w-r:a-w-n:f-t-O44-Z1-n:t:t:f-!-pr:r:D54-n:f:S10-H-w-m-wD-n:gb-b-O43:p-D40:n:f-HqA-t*Z1:N21:N21-HDt-mn:n:Y1-ti-i-m-tp*Z1:f
gm.n.tw ḥr ḫrw.f mꜣꜥ.w rdjw n.f jꜣwt nt (j)t.f
pr.n.f mḏḥ.w m wḏ n(j) gbb šzp.n.f ḥqꜣt jdbwj wrrt mn.tj m tp.f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 18–19

Horus was found justified; the office of his father was given to him. He came forth wreathed at the command of Geb, having received the rulership of the Two Riverbanks (Egypt), the White Crown fixed upon his head.

Horus, the falcon-headed Egyptian god of kingship

(only in the plural) one of a number of minor Horus-gods


zꜣ

a god who personifies a certain body of water


ꜣm

A-m-Q7 2-lit. (canonical)
ꜣm (infinitive)
ꜣmw (infinitive negative)
ꜣm (infinitive negative)
ꜣmt (infinitive)
ꜣm (imperative infinitive singular)
j.ꜣm (imperative infinitive singular)
ꜣm (imperative infinitive plural)
j.ꜣm (imperative infinitive plural)
ꜣm (stative)
ḥr ꜣm (imperfective)
m ꜣm (imperfective)
r ꜣm (prospective)
ꜣm.n (active perfect)
ꜣmw (passive perfect)
ꜣm (passive perfect)
ꜣm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ꜣmt (terminative)
ꜣm (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ꜣm.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ꜣm (active imperfective)
j.ꜣm (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ꜣm (active prospective)
ꜣmm (passive prospective)
ꜣm.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ꜣm (active subjunctive)
j.ꜣm (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ꜣm.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ꜣm (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ꜣm (active participle perfective)
ꜣmm (participle passive perfective)
ꜣmmj (participle passive perfective)
ꜣm (participle passive perfective)
ꜣmw (participle passive perfective)
ꜣmy (participle passive perfective)
j.ꜣm (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣm (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣmy (active imperfective participle relative)
ꜣmw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.ꜣm (active imperfective participle)
j.ꜣmw (active imperfective participle)
ꜣm (active imperfective participle)
ꜣmj (active imperfective participle)
ꜣmy (active imperfective participle)
ꜣm (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣmw (imperfective participle passive)
ꜣm (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣmtj (active participle prospective relative)
ꜣmtj (participle prospective)
ꜣmt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ꜣmt

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.


ḏw

Demotic: tw

Coptic: ⲧⲟⲟⲩ (toou) (Sahidic), ⲧⲱⲟⲩ (tōou) (Bohairic), ⲧⲁⲩ (tau) (Akhmimic, Fayyumic)


ḥꜣt

ḥꜣt (singular)
ḥꜣtj (dual)
ḥꜣwt (plural)

Coptic: ϩⲏ (hē)


ḏḥwtj

Coptic: ⲑⲱⲟⲩⲧ (thōout)

→ Phoenician: *𐤈𐤇𐤅𐤕 (*ṭḥwt)

→ Ancient Greek: Τάαυτος (Táautos)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Θώθ (Thṓth)
→ Greek: Θωθ (Thoth)
→ Latin: Thōth
→ English: Thoth

n:t:k-sn-n:nw*W-A1-Z1-Z1-n-G26:t*y-G7-Aa21-Y1-D35:n-r:a-t-Hr-Z1-gs-Z1

c. 1800 BCE, The Tale of the Eloquent Peasant (trans. Nederhof)

You are the equal of Thoth, who judges without being partial.


sꜥḥ

s-a-H-S20 3-lit. (canonical)
sꜥḥ (infinitive)
sꜥḥw (infinitive negative)
sꜥḥ (infinitive negative)
sꜥḥt (infinitive)
sꜥḥ (imperative infinitive singular)
sꜥḥ (imperative infinitive plural)
sꜥḥ (stative)
ḥr sꜥḥ (imperfective)
m sꜥḥ (imperfective)
r sꜥḥ (prospective)
sꜥḥ.n (active perfect)
sꜥḥw (passive perfect)
sꜥḥ (passive perfect)
sꜥḥ.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
sꜥḥt (terminative)
sꜥḥ (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
sꜥḥ.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
sꜥḥ (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
sꜥḥ (active prospective)
sꜥḥḥ (passive prospective)
sꜥḥ.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
sꜥḥ (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
sꜥḥ.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
sꜥḥ (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
sꜥḥ (active participle perfective)
sꜥḥ (participle passive perfective)
sꜥḥw (participle passive perfective)
sꜥḥy (participle passive perfective)
sꜥḥ (active imperfective participle relative)
sꜥḥy (active imperfective participle relative)
sꜥḥw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
sꜥḥ (active imperfective participle)
sꜥḥj (active imperfective participle)
sꜥḥy (active imperfective participle)
sꜥḥ (imperfective participle passive)
sꜥḥw (imperfective participle passive)
sꜥḥ (active participle prospective relative)
sꜥḥtj (active participle prospective relative)
sꜥḥtj (participle prospective)
sꜥḥt (participle prospective)

(transitive) to wrap (the image of a god) in bandages


nt

→ Ancient Greek: Νηΐθ (Nēḯth)

Demotic: nt, ny(t)

Possibly from an earlier nrt (“Neith”), a feminine form of nrw (“terror, fear, terrible one”).

Neith, a primeval goddess of war and creator deity


ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ

desc

→ Akkadian: 𒄭𒆪𒌒𒋫𒀪 (ḫi-ku-up-ta-aḫ /ḫikuptaḫ/)

→ Ancient Greek: Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos) (see there for further descendants)

→ Mycenaean Greek: 𐁁𐀓𐀠𐀴𐀍 (ai-ku-pi-ti-jo)

→ Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎋𐎔𐎚 (ḥkpt /ḥikupta/)

From ḥwt (“enclosure”) + kꜣ (“ka”) + ptḥ (“Ptah”) with direct genitive constructions, thus literally ‘house of the ka of Ptah’.

compound

d:r-p-W16-DA-DA-nw:t-M22-A40:Z2-p:t-H-Hwt-t:pr-kA-niwt

c. 725 BCE, Victory Stela of Piye (Cairo JE 48862), line 97

presenting an offering to the assembly (of gods) of the temple of Ptah

The temple of the ka of Ptah in Memphis, Egypt


ḥzꜣt

Feminine noun formed from ḥzꜣ (“milk”) + -t (“feminine suffix”).


bꜣ

Old Coptic: ⲃⲁⲓ (bai)


jpt

Demotic: jp.t


jꜣkbyt

i-A-k-b-i-i-t- (canonical feminine)
jꜣkbyt (singular)
jꜣkbytj (dual)
jꜣkbywt (plural)

From jꜣkby (“mourner”) + -t (feminine suffix).


nnw

Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩⲛ (noun)

Nu, father of the gods, the divine anthropomorphisation of the primeval waters, a member of the Ogdoad.


ꜣst

→ Aramaic: אסי, אס

Bohairic Coptic: ⲏⲥⲓ (ēsi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲏⲥⲉ (ēse)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἶσῐς (Îsis)

→ Meroitic: 𐦥𐦣𐦯 (wos /wusa/)

st-t:H8-x-Ax-t:H_SPACE-nD-nw*t:Y1-sn-A40-s-H-H-t:D54-sw-w-D35:t*t-b-g:g-A7:z-!-pXr:r:t*D54-N17:N21*Z1-p:n-m-HA-i-i-t:nDs-D35:x:n-xn-D54:n:z-D35:gm-m-t-w-s-sw-w
ꜣst ꜣḫt nḏt sn.s ḥḥt sw jwtt b(ꜣ)gg.s pẖrt tꜣ pn m ḥꜣyt nj ḫn.n.s nj gm.tw.s sw

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 14–15

capable Isis who saved her brother, who sought him without wearying, who circled this land in mourning, not alighting so long as he was not found

Isis, an important goddess associated with magic and motherhood


jꜥn

jꜥn (singular)
jꜥnwj (dual)
jꜥnw (plural)

Demotic:  (ꜥꜥn)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲏⲛ (ēn)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲛ (en)

desc

Old Coptic: ⲉⲉⲛ (een), ⲉⲛ (en), ⲁⲛⲁ (ana)

One early writing of the word shows the form ꜥnr, which Erman and Grapow take to represent the earliest known form of the word; however, Vycichl considers this a pseudo-archaic secondary development, since none of the known plural forms conserve the consonant r in this position.


sbk

Old Coptic: ⲥⲟⲩⲕⲏ (soukē)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲥⲟⲩⲭⲓ (soukhi)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲥⲟⲩⲕ (souk)

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Σοῦχος (Soûkhos)
Greek: Σούχος (Soúchos)
→ Latin: Sūchus
→ English: Suchus
→ Portuguese: Suco

→ English: Sobek

Sobek, the crocodile-god worshipped at Crocodilopolis and Kom Ombo


spdt

→ Ancient Greek: Σῶθις (Sôthis)
→ English: Sothis (learned)

(astronomy) Sirius, A bluish-white star in the constellation Canis Major; Alpha (α) Canis Majoris. A vertex of the Winter Triangle and the brightest star in the night sky.


ꜥꜣpp

Demotic: ꜥpp, ꜥpꜥp

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲫⲱⲫ (aphōph)

desc

Ancient Greek: Ἄπωφις (Ápōphis), Ἄποπις (Ápopis)

Apep/Apophis, the evil being who tries to devour the sun every night, often depicted in the form of a vast water snake


qbḥ-snw.f

A verbal construction meaning “refresher of his brothers” composed of qbḥ (“to refresh, to purify”) + snw (“brothers”) + .f (“third person pronoun”).

compound

Qebehsenuef, a mortuary god, protector of the intestines of the deceased.


dwꜣ-mwt.f

A direct genitive construction meaning “the praise of his mother”, composed of dwꜣ (“to praise”) + mwt (“mother”) + .f (third person masculine singular suffix pronoun).

af

Duamutef, a mortuary god, protector of the stomach of the deceased.


mwt

→? Meroitic: 𐦨𐦴 (mt /mata/)

Likely a babble word in origin, like many of its Afroasiatic parallels. Militarev and Stolbova derive it from a supposed Proto-Afroasiatic form instead, but also note it may be a nursery word. If not, perhaps cognate with Proto-Semitic *ʔimm-.

Mut, the vulture goddess worshipped as part of the Theban Triad


jmn

Demotic: jmn

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲙⲟⲩⲛ (amoun)

→ English: Amun

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀμοῦν (Amoûn)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἄμμων (Ámmōn)

→ Coptic: ⲁⲙⲙⲱⲛ (ammōn)

→ Meroitic: 𐦠𐦨𐦩𐦢 (amni /amani/)

desc

→ Middle Babylonian: [Term?] (/amâna/), [Term?] (/amûnu/)

Compare Arabic ء م ن (ʔ m n) and Hebrew א־מ־ן (ʾ-m-n).

Amun, a god worshipped at Thebes as a member of the Theban Triad, and seen as the king of the gods


jnpw

Demotic: jnpw

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲡ (anoup)

Old Coptic: ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲡ (anoup)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲡ (anoup)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἄνουβις (Ánoubis), Ἀννῦφις (Annûphis)

→ Latin: Anūbis

→ Arabic: أنوبيس

→ Arabic: أنوبيس

→ English: Anubis

→ French: Anubis

→ German: Anubis

→ Italian: Anubi

→ Japanese: アヌビス

→ Portuguese: Anúbis

→ Russian: Анубис (Anubis)

→ Spanish: Anubis

Anubis, god of the cemetery, worshipped at Abydos


nṯrtj

nṯrtj (singular)
nṯrtjwj (dual)
nṯrtjw (plural)

adze used in the “opening of the mouth” funerary ritual to allow the deceased to eat and drink once more.


ḥwt-nṯr

ḥwt-nṯr (singular)
ḥwtj-nṯr (dual)
ḥwwt-nṯr (plural)

>? Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲉⲛⲉⲉⲧⲉ (heneete)

/ħəjəˈnoːtə/

/ħəjəˈnoːtə/

From ḥwt (“enclosure”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘house of the god’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


ptḥ

Arabic: بتاح

Coptic: ⲡⲧⲁϩ (ptah)

English: Ptah

French: Ptah

Greek: Φθάς (Fthás)

German: Ptah

Italian: Ptah

Latin: Phthas

Polish: Ptah

Russian: Пта (Pta)

Spanish: Ptah

Ptah, creator god and patron of craftsmen, worshipped at Memphis


nṯrj

nTr-T:r 4ae inf. (canonical)
nṯr (infinitive)
nṯrw (infinitive negative)
nṯryw (infinitive negative)
nṯr (infinitive negative)
nṯrt (infinitive)
nṯrwt (infinitive)
nṯryt (infinitive)
nṯr (imperative infinitive singular)
nṯr (imperative infinitive plural)
nṯry (imperative infinitive plural)
nṯr (stative)
ḥr nṯr (imperfective)
m nṯr (imperfective)
r nṯr (prospective)
nṯr.n (active perfect)
nṯrw (passive perfect)
nṯr (passive perfect)
nṯry (passive perfect)
nṯr.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
nṯrt (terminative)
nṯr (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
nṯr.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
nṯr (active imperfective)
nṯry (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
nṯrw (active prospective)
nṯr (active prospective)
nṯry (active prospective)
nṯrr (passive prospective)
nṯr.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
nṯr (active subjunctive)
nṯry (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
nṯr.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
nṯrw (active participle perfective relative)
nṯry (active participle perfective relative)
nṯr (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
nṯr (active participle perfective)
nṯry (participle passive perfective)
nṯr (participle passive perfective)
nṯrr (active imperfective participle relative)
nṯrry (active imperfective participle relative)
nṯrrw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
nṯrr (active imperfective participle)
nṯrrj (active imperfective participle)
nṯrry (active imperfective participle)
nṯrr (imperfective participle passive)
nṯrrw (imperfective participle passive)
nṯrw (active participle prospective relative)
nṯry (active participle prospective relative)
nṯr (active participle prospective relative)
nṯrtj (active participle prospective relative)
nṯrwtj (participle prospective)
nṯrtj (participle prospective)
nṯrt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

nṯrt

nṯrw.tj1, nṯr.tj1, nṯry.tj1, nṯrw.tw2, nṯr.tw2, nṯry.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">-y</i> instead of the expected stative ending.


nṯrj

nṯrj (masculine singular)
nṯrt (feminine singular)
nṯrjwj (dual masculine)
nṯrwj (dual masculine)
nṯrtj (dual feminine)
nṯrjw (masculine plural)
nṯrw (masculine plural)
nṯrwt (feminine plural)
nṯrt (feminine plural)

Nisba adjectival form of nṯr (“god”), suffixed with -j.


wnn-nfr

Bohairic Coptic: ⲃⲉⲛⲟϥⲉⲣ (benofer)

Old Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲛⲁϥⲣ (ouenafr)

desc

Oxyrhynchite Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲛⲁⲃⲣⲉ (ouenabre)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲉⲛⲟϥⲣⲉ (ouenofre)

→ Ancient Greek: Ὀνούφριος (Onoúphrios)

Greek: Ονούφριος (Onoúfrios)

→ English: Onuphrius

→ Italian: Onofrio

→ Romanian: Onufrie

→ Russian: Онуфрий (Onufrij)

→ Spanish: Onofre

→ Portuguese: Onofre

→ Arabic: ابو نفر (ʔabū nufir), ابو نوفر (ʔabū nūfir), نوفير (nūfir)

wnn (“(one who) continually exists”) + nfr (“to be good, perfect, beautiful”) + (.w) (third-person masculine stative ending), thus literally ‘one who continually exists in being good/perfect/beautiful’.

compound

an epithet or alternative name for the god Osiris.


ḥwt-ḥr

→ Ancient Greek: Ἅθωρ (Háthōr)

→ English: Hathor

→ Meroitic: 𐦠𐦴𐦫𐦢 (atri /atari/)

From ḥwt (“mansion”) + ḥr (“Horus”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘Mansion of Horus’.


ḥrt

Hr:r-t:pt (canonical feminine)
ḥrt (singular)
ḥrtj (dual)
ḥrwt (plural)

ḥr (“upon, atop”) + -t (feminine nisba ending), thus ‘(the one) being atop’. Some early writings of the sense ‘sky’ use determinatives that perhaps instead suggest a connection with the verb ḥrj (“to be distant”).

af

sky as the dwelling-place of gods and the dead king

(figuratively, with following genitive) temple, earthly dwelling-place (of a god)


ḥrt

Hr:r-t:xAst (canonical feminine)
ḥrt (singular)
ḥrtj (dual)
ḥrwt (plural)

particularly, one of the rock-cut royal tombs of the New Kingdom, such as those at the Valley of the Kings


ḥrt

conventional term introducing the serekh name of female pharaohs


jmn-rꜥ

/ʔaˈmaːnə ˈɾeːʕə/

/ʔaˈmoːn ˈɾeːʕ/

/ʔaˈmaːnə ˈɾeːʕə/

/ʔaˈmoːn ˈɾeːʕ/

md-D-i-N-i-mn:n:ra*Z1-nb:W11*W11*W11:N17:N17-N21:N21

c. 1450 BCE, The Poetical Stela of Thutmose III, Part I (Cairo Museum 34010)

A recitation by Amun-Ra, Lord of the Thrones of the Two Lands.


ḏd

D:d 2-lit. (canonical)
ḏd (infinitive)
ḏdw (infinitive negative)
ḏd (infinitive negative)
ḏdt (infinitive)
ḏd (imperative infinitive singular)
j.ḏd (imperative infinitive singular)
ḏd (imperative infinitive plural)
j.ḏd (imperative infinitive plural)
ḏd (stative)
ḥr ḏd (imperfective)
m ḏd (imperfective)
r ḏd (prospective)
ḏd.n (active perfect)
ḏdw (passive perfect)
ḏd (passive perfect)
ḏd.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
ḏdt (terminative)
ḏd (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
ḏd.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
ḏd (active imperfective)
j.ḏd (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
ḏd (active prospective)
ḏdd (passive prospective)
ḏd.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
ḏd (active subjunctive)
j.ḏd (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
ḏd.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
ḏd (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
ḏd (active participle perfective)
ḏdd (participle passive perfective)
ḏddj (participle passive perfective)
ḏd (participle passive perfective)
ḏdw (participle passive perfective)
ḏdy (participle passive perfective)
j.ḏd (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏd (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏdy (active imperfective participle relative)
ḏdw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
j.ḏd (active imperfective participle)
j.ḏdw (active imperfective participle)
ḏd (active imperfective participle)
ḏdj (active imperfective participle)
ḏdy (active imperfective participle)
ḏd (imperfective participle passive)
ḏdw (imperfective participle passive)
ḏd (active participle prospective relative)
ḏdtj (active participle prospective relative)
ḏdtj (participle prospective)
ḏdt (participle prospective)

Akhmimic Coptic: ϫⲟⲩ (čou)

Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲱ (čō)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϫⲱ (čō)

desc

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϫⲱ (čō), ϫⲟⲩ (čou), ϫⲟⲟⲩⲉ (čooue)

Old Coptic: ϫⲱ (čō)

Sahidic Coptic: ϫⲱ (čō)


ḏd

Old Coptic: ⲧⲁⲧ (tat)

epithet of the gods Ptah (in earlier writings) and Osiris (later)


jtn

i-t:n-ra (canonical masculine)
jtn (singular)
jtnwj (dual)
jtnw (plural)

→ English: Aten, Aton

Sn*t:n-W:D40:n-i-T:n:ra-Xr:r-s-x:r:Z2:f-mH:t:TAw-i-t:r:N36-n:U19:*nw-w-i-i-N35B:N36-xt:t*Z1:n-anx-Hn:Z2ss-M7-t*M39:nb:t
šnwt n(j) jṯn ẖr sḫrw.f mḥ(y)t jtr(w) nwy ḫt n(j) ꜥnḫ rnp(w)t nbt

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 19–20

What the sun disk encircles is under his directions, the north wind, the river, and water, grain and all fresh plants.

the Aten; the disc of the sun in particular, often as the manifestation of the solar god


šw

→ Ancient Greek: Σῶς (Sôs)

→ English: Shu

the god Shu (literally “Emptiness”), personification of the space between the earth and sky


ḥm-nṯr

nTr-Hm (canonical masculine)
ḥm-nṯr (singular)
ḥmwj-nṯr (dual)
ḥmw-nṯr (plural)

Demotic: ḥm-nṱr

Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲟⲛⲧ (hont)

→ Meroitic: 𐦠𐦩𐦴 (ant /annata/)

From ḥm (“servant”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘servant of the god’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


ḫꜣwt

ḫꜣwt (singular)
ḫꜣwtj (dual)
ḫꜣwwt (plural)


mr-wr

Demotic: mr-wr, m-wr

→ Ancient Greek: Μνεῦῐς (Mneûis), Μνηῦις (Mnēûis)

→ Latin: Mnēvis

→ English: Mnevis

Old Coptic: ⲉⲙⲛⲉⲩⲓ (emneui)

Mnevis, a solar bull god venerated in Heliopolis, considered to be embodied in a living black bull selected by the priesthood there and later sometimes treated as an aspect of the god Atum-Ra


nṯr

nṯr (singular)
nṯrwj (dual)
nṯrw (plural)

Demotic:  (ntr)

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (noute), ⲛⲟⲩⲛⲧⲉ (nounte)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϯ (nouti)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϯ (nouti)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (noute)

Old Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (noute)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ (noute)

nṯrtj

implement for; opening the mouth” of the deceased”

D35-r:x-Y1-n:t-w-xpr-r:*t-Z2:ir-r:*t-nTr-Z1-x*t:f-U35-A24-f

c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) line 2.2

One cannot know what might come to be or what the god might do when he punishes.


wsjr

→ Akkadian: (𒁍)𒅆𒊒 (/-uširu/) in 𒌷𒁍𒅆𒊒 (^(ālu)pu-ši-ru), 𒍜 (/-šir/) in 𒁹𒁍𒋾𒍜 (ˡpu-ti-šir₄)

→ Ancient Greek: Ὄσιρις (Ósiris), Ὕσιρις (Húsiris)

→ English: Osiris

→ Latin: Osīris

→ Aramaic: אוֹסרי, אסרי, אסר-, -וסרי, -סרי

Demotic: wsjr, Ουσιρι (Ousiri), Ουσορ- (Ousor-)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲓ (ousiri)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲉ (ousire)

→ Meroitic: 𐦠𐦯𐦣𐦫𐦢 (asori /asuri/, /usuri/)

→ Phoenician: 𐤀𐤎𐤓 (ʾsr)

→ Thamudic: 𐩦𐩧 (-śr) in 𐩱𐩨𐩵𐩦𐩧 (ʿbdśr)

Several proposals have been made for the etymology and meaning of the original name; as Smith (2017) notes, none are fully convincing. Most take wsjr as the accepted transliteration, following Adolf Erman:
* Griffiths (1980), “bearing in mind Erman’s emphasis on the fact that the name must begin with an [sic] w”, proposes a derivation from wsr with an original meaning of “The Mighty One”.
* Sethe (1930) proposes a compound st-jrt, meaning “seat of the eye”, in a hypothetical earlier form *wst-jrt; this is rejected by Griffiths on phonetic grounds.
* Lorton (1985) takes up a similar compound but explains st-jrt as signifying “product, something made”, from the verb jrj, with Osiris representing the product of the mummification process.
* Westendorf (1987) proposes an etymology from wꜣst-jrt “she who bears the eye”.
* Zeidler (2000) reviews the common hypotheses and rejects the interpretation of the second element as either jrj (“to do, make”) or jrt (“eye”) on phonetic grounds, ultimately agreeing with Griffiths on the meaning and rendering the name (w)sr(w) with the assumption that the writing of the name reflects an archaic use of the throne and eye hieroglyphs as uniliteral signs.
* Smith (2017) makes no definitive proposals but asserts that the second element must be a form of jrj (“to do, make”) (rather than jrt (“eye”)), since the word is found complemented with r in writings of the Middle Kingdom.
However, recently alternative transliterations have been proposed:
* Muchiki (1990) reexamines Erman’s evidence that the throne hieroglyph in the word is to be read ws and finds it unconvincing, suggesting instead that the name should be read ꜣsjr on the basis of Aramaic, Phoenician, and Old South Arabian transcriptions, readings of the throne sign in other words, and comparison with ꜣst (“Isis”).
* Allen (2010) reads the word as jsjrt but later revises the reading (2013) to jsjrj and derives it from js-jrj, meaning “engendering (male) principle”.

i-nD-D:Hr:k-Q2:ir-nb:H*ra*H-sw-t:Z2ss-nTr-I1S:Z2-r:n:nw*Z2ss-Dsr:r-xpr-Z3-S:t*U30-i-ir:w-m-r:Z1-pr:Z1*Z2ss
j.nḏ ḥr.k wsjr nb nḥḥ nswt nṯr(w) ꜥšꜣ rnw ḏsr ḫprw štꜣ jrw m rw-prw

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 1

Hail to you, Osiris, lord of eternity, king of gods, numerous of names, sacred of developments, secret of rites in temples!


ꜣkr

Aker, the Egyptian god of the earth and the horizon

the earth (in parallel to the atmosphere šw, as a location traversed by the dead king)


ꜣkr

ꜣkr (singular)
ꜣkrwj (dual)
ꜣkrw (plural)

(usually in the plural) one of many gods representing forces of the earth, often imagined as serpents


ꜥm-ḥḥ

From ꜥm (“eat”) + ḥḥ (“million”), literally “devourer of millions”.

Am-heh, an Egyptian god of the afterworld.


jmnt

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀμαῦνι (Amaûni)

Amaunet, a primeval goddess, female personification of the hiddenness of the primeval waters (as a counterpart to the male Amun), worshipped at Hermopolis as a member of the Ogdoad

Amaunet, a goddess worshipped at Thebes as the female counterpart of the king of the gods Amun


ꜥntjt

Anat, an Egyptian goddess of war and fertility.


ꜥm-mwt

ꜥm (“(one) devouring”) + mwt (“dead”), thus ‘devourer of the dead’.

Ammit or Ammut, an Egyptian goddess who devours the hearts of the dead who are judged unrighteous.


ꜥnqt

ꜥnq (“to flow in, to flood”) + -t (feminine ending).

af

the goddess Anuket, personification of the Nile river.


jmn-ḥtp

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀμενώθης (Amenṓthēs), Ἀμένωφις (Aménōphis), Ἀμενόθης (Amenóthēs)
Greek: Αμένωφις (Aménofis)
→ Latin: Amenōphis
→ English: Amenophis
→ Portuguese: Amenófis

Coptic: ⲁⲙⲉⲛⲱⲑ (amenōth)

jmn (“Amun”) + ḥtp(.w) (“is satisfied”), masculine third-person singular stative form of ḥtp (“to satisfy”), thus literally ‘Amun is satisfied’. The name is transcribed in the Amarna letters as 𒀀𒈠𒀭𒄩𒀜𒁉 (a-ma-an-ḫa-at-pe₂).

(Egyptian mythology) Amenhotep (son of Hapu), a deified scribe and architect


ḫnsw

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Χεσπισίχις (Khespisíkhis)

→ Meroitic: 𐦭𐦯 (ḫs /ḫansa/)


ḫnsw

tḫj

Middle Kingdom (Memphite) Egyptian calendar months

ḏḥwtj

New Kingdom (Theban) Egyptian calendar months


bꜣstt

→ Akkadian: 𒄫𒋾 (biš-ti /ubešti, bīšti/)

→ Akkadian: 𒌑𒁀𒋛𒋾 (ú-ba-si-ti /ubešti/)

→ Aramaic: אבסת

Demotic: bꜣst

Bohairic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲃⲁⲥϯ (oubasti)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲟⲩⲃⲁⲥⲧⲉ (oubaste)

→ Ancient Greek: -ούβαστις (-oúbastis) in Βούβαστις (Boúbastis)

→ English: Bastet, Bast

bꜣst (“Bubastis”) + -t (feminine nisba ending).

af

Bastet, the cat-goddess worshipped at Bubastis

Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible


nṯrt

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲛⲑⲱⲣⲓ (enthōri)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲛⲧⲱⲣⲉ (ntōre)

From nṯr (“god”) + -t (“feminine suffix”).


mꜣꜥt

→ English: Maat

An abstract noun formed from mꜣꜥ (“to direct, to be just, to be true”) + -t (“feminine ending”).

suffix

Maat, the goddess personifying the above concepts


dwꜣt

Old Coptic: ⲧⲏ (tē)

→ English: duat

The underworld of a city as a place of dead gods

Epithet for the crypt in the Temple of Dendera


dwꜣt

a hippopotamus goddess personifying the afterworld


dwꜣt

dwꜣt (singular)
dwꜣtj (dual)
dwꜣwt (plural)


ṯꜣtt

TA-t:t (canonical feminine)
ṯꜣtt (singular)
ṯꜣttj (dual)
ṯꜣtwt (plural)

From ṯꜣtj (“vizier”) + -t (feminine ending).

an epithet for the queen and for Hathor; literally, ‘female vizier’


ꜣḫ

Bohairic Coptic: ⲓϧ (ix, “demon”)

→ English: akh

Used as an epithet for certain lesser gods and demons


ꜣḫ

r:n-f-nfr-m-r:Z1-anx-w-Z2ss:H_SPACE-s-xA-t-A2-f-H_SPACE:x-Ax-Y1:f-n-D:t:N17
rn.f nfr m r(ꜣ) ꜥnḫw sḫꜣt.f ꜣḫ.f n ḏt

c. 1458 BCE, Biography of Ineni inscribed on a memorial stele in his tomb in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, line 20

His good name will be in the mouths of the living; his memory and his spiritual completeness are for eternity.

the state of being an akh or qualities pertaining to that state: spiritual power or dignity


ḥqt

Heqet, a frog-goddess of childbirth and fertility


šzp

šzp (singular)
šzpwj (dual)
šzpw (plural)

image, portrayal, representation (+ n(j): of (a god))


tpj-ḏw.f

Old Coptic: ⲧⲃⲁⲓⲧⲱⲟⲩ (tbaitōou)

tpj (“(one) standing atop”) + ḏw (“mountain”) + .f (“his”), thus literally ‘he who stands atop his mountain’.


ḫntj-jmntjw

Old Coptic: ⳓⲛⲧⲉⲙⲛⲧ (ḫntemnt)

ḫntj (“foremost”) + jmntjw (“westerners, i.e. the dead”), plural of jmntj (“western(er)”).
The word is first attested in the tombs of First Dynasty kings Den (dn) and Qaa (qꜣ-ꜥ), where it is associated with the dead kings. However, there is no certain evidence that it referred to a separate deity (rather than being an epithet for other deities) until the second half of the Fifth Dynasty.

s-HD-D:ra-SPACE-SPACE-k:k:t-N2-z:r-q:Y2-k-H-st:t-tm-m-t:gb-pr-!-a:r-N31:k-SPACE-SPACE-m-r:n-k:n-r:a-ra*Z1:r-b-w-Xr:r-st:ir-xnt-n:t*y-imnt-tyw-N33B:N33B:N33B-A40
sḥḏ kk(w)t srq.k ḥtm(y)t (j)ꜥr.k m rn.k n(j) rꜥ r bw ẖr(j) wsjr ḫntj-jmntjw

c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, lines 7–8

Brighten the darkness that you might make the Place of Destruction breathe, that you might ascend in your name of Ra to the place where Osiris, Foremost of the Westerners, is.

Foremost of the Westerners, an epithet used for various gods of the dead such as Osiris and Anubis

Khentiamentiu, a god of the dead and patron god of the necropolis at Abydos


ḫntj

xnt-n:t-P1 4ae inf. (canonical)
ḫnt (infinitive)
ḫntw (infinitive negative)
ḫntyw (infinitive negative)
ḫnt (infinitive negative)
ḫntt (infinitive)
ḫntwt (infinitive)
ḫntyt (infinitive)
ḫnt (imperative infinitive singular)
ḫnt (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫnty (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫnt (stative)
ḥr ḫnt (imperfective)
m ḫnt (imperfective)
r ḫnt (prospective)
ḫnt.n (active perfect)
ḫnt.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḫntt (active terminative)
ḫnt (active perfective)
ḫnt.ḫr (active obligative)
ḫnt (active imperfective)
ḫnty (active imperfective)
ḫntw (active prospective)
ḫnt (active prospective)
ḫnty (active prospective)
ḫnt.kꜣ (active potential)
ḫnt (active subjunctive)
ḫnty (active subjunctive)
ḫnt.n (active participle perfect)
ḫntw (active participle perfective)
ḫnty (active participle perfective)
ḫnt (active participle perfective)
ḫnty (participle passive perfective)
ḫnt (participle passive perfective)
ḫntt (active imperfective participle)
ḫntty (active imperfective participle)
ḫnttw (active imperfective participle)
ḫnttj (active imperfective participle)
ḫntt (imperfective participle passive)
ḫnttw (imperfective participle passive)
ḫntw (active participle prospective)
ḫnty (active participle prospective)
ḫnt (active participle prospective)
ḫnttj (active participle prospective)
ḫntwtj (participle prospective)
ḫnttj (participle prospective)
ḫntt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ḫntt

ḫntw.tj1, ḫnt.tj1, ḫnty.tj1, ḫntw.tw2, ḫnt.tw2, ḫnty.tw2

(intransitive) to go forward, to advance, to be(come) foremost

(intransitive) to go upstream, to go southwards


jpt-ḥmt

From jpt (meaning disputed) + ḥmt (“female ‘Majesty’ or ‘Incarnation’ (pharaoh, goddess)”), sometimes also found with suffixed .s (“her”). The first element, jpt, has been interpreted in various ways; the Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae takes it as the name of the goddess Ipet, so that the whole phrase can be rendered “Ipet, her Majesty”, while Allen takes it to mean “select”, so that the phrase can be rendered “(She who is) Select of Incarnation”.

af

ḥmt <t:female ‘Majesty’ or ‘Incarnation’ (pharaoh, goddess)>

the festival of Epiphi, taking place on the first or second day of the next month, Mesore


wḏꜣt

w-DA-A-t-wDAt (canonical feminine)
wḏꜣt (singular)
wḏꜣtj (dual)
wḏꜣwt (plural)

From wḏꜣ (“to be intact”) + -t (“feminine ending”).

suffix

(originally) the (dismembered and subsequently restored) Eye of Horus, a mythological conception of the full moon


jt-nṯrw

/ˌʔatənəˈtuːɾə/

/ˌʔatənəˈteːɾ/

/ˌʔatənəˈtuːɾə/

/ˌʔatənəˈteːɾ/

jt (“father”) + nṯrw, plural of nṯr (“god”), in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘Father of the Gods’.


ḥḥw

Possibly related to ḥḥ, in either its meaning of endlessness or floodwater.

the god Heh or Huh, personification of an aspect of the primeval waters, possibly their infinity


ḫmnyw

the Ogdoad, the group of eight gods representing aspects of the primeval waters worshipped at Hermopolis


tnmw

the god Tenemu, personification of the ‘lostness’ of the primeval waters


nfr-tm

The god Nefertum, personification of the first plant, a lotus, that mythically bloomed after the primeval waters receded and gave rise to the sun.


kkw

→ Ancient Greek: χοῦχ (khoûkh)

the god Kek or Kuk, personification of the darkness of the primeval waters


tꜣ-ṯnn

From tꜣ (“land”) + ṯnn (or possibly ṯnnj abbreviated), an inflection of ṯnj (“to lift up, to be distinguished”), thus literally meaning “land that is raised” or “land that becomes distinct”.

the god Tatenen, personification of the primeval mound, the first land that arose from the primeval waters at the creation of the world


tm

Compare with Hebrew תַּם (tam, “to be complete, finished”), Arabic تمام (tamām, “complete; completeness”).


ꜥḥ

aH-a:pr m. (canonical toponymic)
f. (canonical toponymic)
ꜥḥ (singular)
ꜥḥwj (dual)
ꜥḥw (plural)

O12-pr-nTr-t:*r ― ꜥḥ ntr(j) ― divine temple


nb-r-ḏr

nb (“lord”) + r ḏr (“whole, to the limit”), thus meaning ‘Lord to the Limit’, i.e. ‘Lord of All’.


psḏt

psḏt (singular)
psḏtj (dual)
psḏwt (plural)

the (Great) Ennead; the collection of nine gods worshipped at Heliopolis and taking part in the Heliopolitan creation myth, together representing the sum of all the elements of the created world: Atum, Shu, Tefnut, Nut, Geb, Osiris, Isis, Set, and Nephthys.


tfnwt

Ancient Greek: -θφηνις (-thphēnis)

Old Coptic: ⲧϥⲏⲛⲉ (tfēne)


nb-tm

nb (“lord”) + tm (“totality”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘Lord of Totality’.


ḫpr-ḏs.f

ḫpr (“(one who) came into being”) + ḏs (“self”) + .f (“his”), thus literally ‘He Who Came into Being by Himself’.


jꜣḫw

jꜣḫw (singular)
jꜣḫwwj (dual)
jꜣḫww (plural)

desc

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉⲓⲁϩ (eiah), ⲣⲓⲁϩ (riah)

used as an epithet for various gods, particularly Ra


stẖ

Coptic: ⲥⲏⲧ (sēt)

From earlier stš (see alternative forms).


nbt-ḥwt

Old Coptic: ⲛⲉⲃⲑⲱ (nebthō)

→ Ancient Greek: Νέφθυς (Néphthus)

→ English: Nephthys

nbt (“lady”) + ḥwt (“enclosure”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘Lady of the Enclosure’.


rꜥ-ḥr-ꜣḫtj

→ English: Ra-Horakhty, Re-Horakhty

rꜥ (“Ra”) + ḥr-ꜣḫtj (“Horus of the Akhet”) in apposition.

compound

the god Ra-Horakhty, a syncretism of Ra and Horus


ḫprj

A nominalized use of theimperfective active participle of ḫpr (“to come into being”), thus literally ‘the one coming into being’.

inflection of

T-w:*t-nTr-A40-H_SPACE:p-w-DA-A-Z9-wn:n-nw-t-dwA-ra:N33A-Htp:t*p-k-w-i-A-P3-xpr:r-A40
ṯwt nṯr pw ḏꜣ wnwwt ḥtp.k wjꜣ ḫpr(j)

c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 11

You are this god who sails across the hours as you rest in the barque of Khepri.

Khepri, the god personifying the morning sun


ḥr-ꜣḫtj

Sahidic Coptic: ⲭⲁⲣⲁⲭⲧⲉ (kharakhte)

ḥr (“Horus”) + ꜣḫtj (“of the Akhet”). Later, in the New Kingdom, ꜣḫtj was reinterpreted as the dual of ꜣḫt (“Akhet”) instead of a nisba adjective derived from it, rendering a new interpretation of ḥr-ꜣḫtj as a direct genitive construction meaning ‘Horus of the Two Akhets’.

Horakhty, an aspect of the god Horus as the sun at dawn


ꜣḫtj

Axt:t*y (canonical masculine)
ꜣḫtj (singular)
ꜣḫtjwj (dual)
ꜣḫtjw (plural)

dweller of the Akhet, the region where the sun rises or sets; chiefly used as an epithet for gods


ḥw

the god Hu, personification of utterance


ḥkꜣ

the god Heka, the personification of magic


sjꜣ

the god Sia, personification of perception


mnw

→ Ancient Greek: Μηνᾶς (Mēnâs)

→ Coptic: ⲙⲏⲛⲁ (mēna)

→ Arabic: مينا (mīna)

→ Greek: Μηνάς (Minás)

→ Old Armenian: Մինաս (Minas)

→ Romanian: Mina

→ Russian: Мина (Mina)

→ English: Min

→ English: Khem


nb-ꜣꜥꜥw

/nɛb ɑʔɑːɑːuː/

nb (“lord”) + ꜣꜥꜥw (of unknown meaning) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘Lord of ꜣꜥꜥw’.


ꜣfꜥ

Probably from ꜣfj (“to gorge oneself, to be greedy”).

nw:k-A1-A-f:a-sw-sw-pr:r-D54-m-nw-w-pt-A40-pr:r-D54-m-wn:nw*niwt-n:n:k-A1-bA-nb
jnk ꜣfꜥ nn pr m (n)nw pr m wnw nnk bꜣ nb

c. 2050 BCE – 1926 BCE, Coffin Texts, version S1C (inner coffin of Mesehet, Cairo CG 28118) spell 431

Translation by Faulkner
I am the devourer of the Inert One, who ascended from the Abyss, who went forth from Unu, and every soul belongs to me; […]

nw:k\-A1-A-f:a-Aa2-A40-sw*sw:n-i-i-A7-A40-pr:r-D54-m-wn:n-nw-w-niwt-n:n:k\-bA-A40-nb

c. 1971 BCE – 1926 BCE, Coffin Texts, version M6C (coffin of Senbi, Cairo JdE 42827) spell 431

Translation by Faulkner
I am the devourer of the Inert One, who went forth from Unu, and every soul belongs to me; […]

a minor god, ‘the Glutton’, ‘the Devourer’


nb-nswt-tꜣwj

nb (“lord”) + nswt (plural of nst (“throne”)) + tꜣwj (“the Two Lands, Egypt”), thus literally ‘Lord of the Thrones of the Two Lands’.

compound

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">nst</i> (“throne”)

an epithet of the god Amun-Ra as the source of the pharaoh’s authority


jmn-rn.f

From jmn (“hidden”) + rn (“name”) + .f (“his”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘Hidden of his Name’, i.e. ‘he whose name is hidden’.

af

an epithet of the god Amun, occasioanlly also used of other gods


rḥwj

The dual form of the defective noun rḥw (“companions, comrades”), thus literally ‘The Two Companions’, restricted in historical times to particular uses.

an epithet of the pair of gods Horus and Set, rarely also used of other pairs of gods


wḏꜥ

/ˈwaːt͡ʃʼaʕ/

/ˈwaːt͡ʃʼəʕ/

/ˈwoːt͡ʃʼəʕ/

/ˈwaːt͡ʃʼaʕ/

/ˈwaːt͡ʃʼəʕ/

/ˈwoːt͡ʃʼəʕ/

an epithet of the god Set, literally ‘the Judged’, i.e. ‘the Condemned One’


qdš

Related to Proto-Semitic *ḳudš- (“holy”). Cognate with Biblical Hebrew קָדוֹשׁ (qɔḏoš, “holy”), Hebrew קודש / קֹדֶשׁ (qṓḏeš), Old South Arabian 𐩤𐩵𐩪 (qds¹) and Arabic قُدْس (quds, “purity, holiness”).

he-m

קודש / קֹדֶשׁ (qṓḏeš)


pḏtj

pḏtj (singular)
pḏtjwj (dual)
pḏtjw (plural)

Nominalized from pḏt (“bow”) + -j (nisba ending).

bowman, archer, especially as an epithet for kings or certain gods


jwf

Demotic: jwf

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉϥ (ef)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲁϥ (af)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁⲁϥ (aaf)

Coptic Dialect K: ⲉϥ (ef)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ⲉϥ (ef)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲁϥ (aaf), ⲁϥ (af)

[Theban royal tombs andGreco-Roman Period]

epithet of the god Ra when he passes through the afterworld at night


ꜣwt-ꜥ

From ꜣwj-ꜥ (“to extend one’s arm, to offer”), thus literally ‘stretching out the arm’.


nb-wꜥ

an epithet used of kings and creator gods


jrt-ḥr

⇒ Demotic: jr.t-ḥr-r-r⸗w

desctree

→ Ancient Greek: Ἰνάρως (Inárōs)
Greek: Ινάρως (Ináros)
Latin: Inarōs

Coptic: ⲛⲁϩⲣⲁⲩ (nahrau)

jrt (“eye”) + ḥr (“Horus”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Eye of Horus’.

(in funerary offering spells) the offering given to the deceased

the offering given to the deceased
an ointment used in mummification

the offering given to the deceased
an epithet for wine

(in cosmetic texts) an epithet for wꜣḏ-cosmetic

the offering given to the deceased
an epithet for wꜣḏ-cosmetic

the offering given to the deceased
an epithet for water


nb-ꜣbḏw

nb (“lord”) + ꜣbḏw (“Abydos”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘lord of Abydos’.


nb-tꜣ-ḏsr

nb (“lord”) + tꜣ-ḏsr (“necropolis”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘lord of the necropolis’.


sḫmt

Old Coptic: ⲥⲁⲭⲙⲓ (sakhmi)

→ Ancient Greek: Σαχμίς (Sakhmís)

→ English: Sekhmet (learned)

sḫm (“to be powerful, to have power over”) + -t (feminine suffix).

af

the goddess Sekhmet, personification of overmastering power


wp-wꜣwt

Old Coptic: ⲟⲩⲡⲟⲩⲟⲓⲉ (oupouoie)

wp (“opener”) + wꜣwt (plural of wꜣt (“way”)) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘opener of the ways’.

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">wꜣt</i> (“way”)


nṯr-ꜥꜣ

Old Coptic: ⲛⲉⲧⲱ (netō)

Coptic: ⲛⲉⲧⲟ (neto), ⲛⲉⲧⲁ (neta) (Dialect K)

/nɛt͡ʃɛr ɑːʔɑ/

nṯr (“god”) + ꜥꜣ (“great, elder”), thus (conventionally) ‘the great god’ or (more accurately) ‘the elder god’.

epithet for the dead former king, in contrast to nṯr-nfr for the currently living king

epithet for the senior king in a coregency, in contrast to nṯr-nfr for the junior king

sw-t:Htp-di-ir:st-A40-nb-Dd-d:O49-w-nTr-O29V-nb-Ab-b-Dw:O49
ḥtp ḏj nswt wsjr nb-ḏdw nṯr-ꜥꜣ nb-ꜣbḏw […]

An offering given by the king and Osiris, the Lord of Djedu, the Elder God, the Lord of Abydos […]

a very common epithet of various gods, especially Osiris and Ra


sḫm

s-sxm-x-m 3-lit. (canonical)
sḫm (infinitive)
sḫmw (infinitive negative)
sḫm (infinitive negative)
sḫmt (infinitive)
sḫm (imperative infinitive singular)
sḫm (imperative infinitive plural)
sḫm (stative)
ḥr sḫm (imperfective)
m sḫm (imperfective)
r sḫm (prospective)
sḫm.n (active perfect)
sḫm.jn (active consecutive contingent)
sḫmt (active terminative)
sḫm (active perfective)
sḫm.ḫr (active obligative)
sḫm (active imperfective)
sḫm (active prospective)
sḫm.kꜣ (active potential)
sḫm (active subjunctive)
sḫm.n (active participle perfect)
sḫm (active participle perfective)
sḫm (participle passive perfective)
sḫmw (participle passive perfective)
sḫmy (participle passive perfective)
sḫm (active imperfective participle)
sḫmy (active imperfective participle)
sḫmw (active imperfective participle)
sḫmj (active imperfective participle)
sḫm (imperfective participle passive)
sḫmw (imperfective participle passive)
sḫm (active participle prospective)
sḫmtj (active participle prospective)
sḫmtj (participle prospective)
sḫmt (participle prospective)

[chiefly Pyramid Texts to Middle Kingdom]

(intransitive) to be(come) powerful, capable (+ m: through the power of (magic, the Eye of Horus, food, etc.); + mm: among (the gods); + ḫr: before (a god); + ḫnt: at the head of (people); + m ḫt or m sꜣ: in pursuit of (enemies))


mḥyt

→ Ancient Greek: -μχης (-mkhēs)


jmntt

the goddess Imentet, personification of the West


ꜥꜣt

aA:t (canonical feminine)
ꜥꜣt (singular)
ꜥꜣtj (dual)
ꜥꜣwt (plural)

ꜥꜣj (“to be(come) big, great, important”) + -t.

distinguished goddess, great one (as a title for goddesses)


ẖnmw

Bohairic Coptic: ⲫⲛⲟⲩⲙ (phnoum)

Possibly from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *xanam; compare Arabic غَنَم (ḡanam, “sheep and goats”).


ꜥsṯrt

/ɑːst͡ʃɛrɛt/

From Semitic; compare Akkadian 𒀭𒈹 (Ištar, “Ishtar”), Ugaritic 𐎓𐎘𐎚𐎗𐎚 (ʿaṯtart, “Astarte”), and Hebrew עַשְׁתֹּרֶת (‘aštōreṯ, “Ashtoreth”).

cog

de:Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde


jwn

jwn (singular)
jwnwj (dual)
jwnw (plural)

‘the Pillar’, ‘the Succorer’ as an epithet for gods, in the Greco-Roman Period especially for Osiris


jj-m-ḥtp

→ Ancient Greek: Ἰμούθης (Imoúthēs)

→ English: Imhotep

jj (“coming”, perfective active participle of jj (“to come, to return”)) + m ḥtp (“in peace, safely”), thus ‘(the one) coming in peace’, ‘(the one) returning home safely’.

compound

perfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jj</i> (“to come, to return”)

A male given name of historical usage, equivalent to English Imhotep, notably borne by Imhotep.

(Egyptian mythology) Imhotep, a deified administrator and architect


ḥr-zꜣ-ꜣst

Demotic: ḥr-sꜣ-js.t

Coptic: ϩⲱⲣⲥⲓⲏⲥⲉ (hōrsiēse)

→ Ancient Greek: Ἁρσιῆσις (Harsiêsis)

/ħoːɾ siːʔ ˈʔeːsə/

ḥr (“Horus”) + zꜣ (“son”) + ꜣst (“Isis”) with the latter two elements in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Horus, son of Isis’.


ꜣms

ꜣms (singular)
ꜣmswj (dual)
ꜣmsw (plural)

From ꜣm (“is grasped”) + .s (“she, it”) or ꜣm (“is grasped”) + sj (“she, it”), thus literally ‘it is grasped’.


jmstj

Imseti, a mortuary god, protector of the liver of the deceased


mꜥnḏt

m- (noun-forming prefix) + ꜥnḏw (“dawn, sunlight”) + -t (feminine suffix)

the barque in which the sun sails through the sky during the morning and daytime; the day-barque of Ra


ḥpy

Hapy, a mortuary god, protector of the lungs of the deceased


nswt-nṯrw

nswt (“king”) + nṯrw (plural of nṯr (“god”)) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘king of the gods’.

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">nṯr</i> (“god”)

an epithet of the god Amun, occasionally also used of other gods


nb-pt

nb (“lord”) + pt (“sky”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘lord of the sky’.

a very common epithet of various gods, originally of Horus of Behdet and Ra


ḥr-bḥdtj

ḥr (“Horus”) + bḥdtj (“(one) of Edfu; Behdeti”).


wsrt

wsr (“powerful”) + -t (feminine ending), literally ‘the powerful one’.


jrt-rꜥ

jrt (“eye”) + rꜥ (“sun, Ra”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘the Eye of Ra’.

an epithet of various goddesses, especially Hathor; the Eye of Ra


wꜣḏt

Nominalized from wꜣḏ (“green”) + -t (feminine ending), thus literally ‘the green one’.


nḫbt

From nḫb (“the city of Nekheb/El-Kab”) + -t (feminine nisba ending).


ḫntj-zḥ-nṯr

ḫntj (“foremost, being in front of”) + zḥ-nṯr (“the hall in which Anubis embalmed Osiris”, literally “divine booth”), thus ‘(the one) presiding over the divine booth’.


nṯr-nfr

nṯr (“god”) + nfr (“pleasing, fine, good, beautiful”), thus ‘the pleasing/fine/good/beautiful god’. The use of the term in contrast with nṯr-ꜥꜣ (“the elder god”) shows that the implication of nfr here was probably one of youthful beauty or, euphemistically, simply youth, as also seen in nfrt (“young woman”). A rendering such as ‘the youthful god’ is thus perhaps truer to the intended meaning than the traditional rendering ‘the good god’.

an epithet of the currently living king, often appended as a title either before all other titles or immediately before or after the king’s names, sometimes in contrast to nṯr-ꜥꜣ for the dead former king

epithet for the junior king in a coregency, in contrast to nṯr-ꜥꜣ for the senior king

(less commonly) an epithet for various gods, especially Osiris as king of the afterworld


zfṯyw

i-A2-s-f:T-W-tyw-T30:D40-G7-i-p-W-nw-Z1-nb:t-anx-x-Y1-!-n:t*y-Hr:r-Z1-s-n:Z2-m-Z9:t-Q7-s-p:d-M44-Z1-Y1-Dba-Dba-Dba-F51:Z2ss--…--Hr:r-Z1-N31:n:Z2-r:A1
j sfṯyw jpw nw nb{t}-ꜥnḫ ntj ḥr.sn m sḏt spd ḏbꜥw […] ḥr ⟨ṯ⟩n r.j

c. 976 BCE, Book of the Dead of Pinedjem II (pLondon British Museum EA10793 = pCampbell), chapter 41B, line 22.6–22.7

O you Butchers of the Lord of Life, whose faces are made of fire, (who are) sharp of fingers, […] keep away from me.

(plural only) a group of threatening underworld gods, ‘the Butchers’


njk

n-i-k:nDs 3-lit. (canonical)
njk (infinitive)
njkw (infinitive negative)
njk (infinitive negative)
njkt (infinitive)
njk (imperative infinitive singular)
njk (imperative infinitive plural)
njk (stative)
ḥr njk (imperfective)
m njk (imperfective)
r njk (prospective)
njk.n (active perfect)
njkw (passive perfect)
njk (passive perfect)
njk.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
njkt (terminative)
njk (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
njk.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
njk (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
njk (active prospective)
njkk (passive prospective)
njk.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
njk (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
njk.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
njk (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
njk (active participle perfective)
njk (participle passive perfective)
njkw (participle passive perfective)
njky (participle passive perfective)
njk (active imperfective participle relative)
njky (active imperfective participle relative)
njkw (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
njk (active imperfective participle)
njkj (active imperfective participle)
njky (active imperfective participle)
njk (imperfective participle passive)
njkw (imperfective participle passive)
njk (active participle prospective relative)
njktj (active participle prospective relative)
njktj (participle prospective)
njkt (participle prospective)


njk

n-i-k- (canonical masculine)
njk (singular)
njkwj (dual)
njkw (plural)

a supernatural evil being due punishment, especially Apophis


psš-kꜣf

From psš (“an instrument for Opening of the mouth”) + kꜣf (“obsidian”).

h-A-<-wn:n-i-s->-i-s-mn:n-n:k-a:r:t-F19:F19:k-p-s-S:t-p-s-

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume I, Providence: Brown University, PT 37 (Pyr. 225c), N

hꜣ wnjs j.smn.n(.j) n.k ꜥrtj.k psš.t psš-kꜣf

Peseshkef (a ritual instrument made from obsidian used in the “opening of the mouth” funerary ritual to allow the deceased to eat and drink once more)


nwꜣ

nwꜣ (singular)
nwꜣwj (dual)
nwꜣw (plural)

‘adze of Wepwawet’, an instrument used in the Opening of the Mouth ritual


msḫtjw

msḫtjw (singular)
msḫtjwwj (dual)
msḫtjww (plural)

adze used as a ritual instrument used in the “opening of the mouth” funerary ritual to allow the deceased to eat and drink once more


wr-ḥkꜣw

wr-ḥkꜣw (singular)
wrwj-ḥkꜣw (dual)
wrw-ḥkꜣw (plural)

wr (“great”) + ḥkꜣw (plural of ḥkꜣ (“magic”)) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘(the one) great of magic powers’, i.e. ‘one with great magic’.

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">ḥkꜣ</i> (“magic”)


wr-ḥkꜣw

curving serpent-headed adze or blade used as a ritual instrument in the opening of the mouth ceremony, a funerary ritual to allow the deceased to eat and drink once more


jnpwt

→ English: Anput


sṯjt

Satis, a war, hunting, and fertility goddess


qdšt-ꜥꜣsṯrt-ꜥnṯjt

/kɛdʃɛt ɑːʔɑsɛt͡ʃrɛt ɑːnt͡ʃit/

epithet of Qetesh, as syncretized with Astarte and Anat


ḥr-m-ꜣḫt-ḫprj-rꜥ-tm

ḥr-m-ꜣḫt (“Harmachis”) + ḫprj (“Khepri”) + rꜥ (“Ra”) + tm (“Atum”), thus literally meaning ‘Harmachis-Khepri-Ra-Atum’.

(hapax) the epithet of the deified Great Sphinx of Giza given on the Dream Stele


ḥr-m-ꜣḫt

→ Ancient Greek: Ἁρμάχις (Harmákhis)

ḥr (“Horus”) + m (“in”) + ꜣḫt (“Akhet, place of sunrise”), thus literally meaning ‘Horus in the Akhet’.

Harmachis or Horemakhet, a hypostasis of Horus as the deified Great Sphinx of Giza


ꜥbrꜥstjꜥks

Compare Ancient Greek ἀβρασάξ (abrasáx).

h-A-i-i-A2-z:D54-a:k-s-G7-i-mn:n-G7-F29-t:y-a:k:z-G7-a-b-Z1-r:a*Z1-F29-t:y-a:k-s-G7-D:d-m*t*W:k-
-sbA

c. 175–249 CE, Papyrus London-Leiden, col. 23, line 24

Hail, Sax, Amun, Sax, Abrasax, for you are the moon, […]

hꜣy sꜥks jmn stjꜥks ꜥbrꜥstjꜥks ḏd mtwk jꜥḥ


ḥmt-nṯr

nTr-Hm-t (canonical feminine)
ḥmt-nṯr (singular)
ḥmtj-nṯr (dual)
ḥmwt-nṯr (plural)

From ḥmt (“servant”) + nṯr (“god”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘servant of the god’. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.


nb-ꜥnḫ

nb-anx-n:x (canonical masculine)
nb-ꜥnḫ (singular)
nbwj-ꜥnḫ (dual)
nbw-ꜥnḫ (plural)

nb (“lord, possessor”) + ꜥnḫ (“life”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘possessor of life’.


ꜥẖmw nw ꜣḫt

ꜥẖmw (“falcons, cultic images”) + nw (“of”) + ꜣḫt (“place of sunrise”).

af

(plural only, hapax) Some sort of images found in a royal morning audience hall. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


wrdw-jb

wrdw (“weary”) + jb (“heart”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘the weary-hearted’. No writing with ḏ in wrḏw is attested.


šdšd

Sd:d-Sd:d- (canonical masculine)
šdšd (singular)
šdšdwj (dual)
šdšdw (plural)

a bulbous, curling ornament or protuberance attached to the front of divine standards, particularly that of Wepwawet


nnwt

W24*W24*W24:N1-N35A X1:H8-B1 (canonical feminine)


jꜣkby

i-A-k-b-i-i- -D3 (canonical masculine)
jꜣkby (singular)
jꜣkbywj (dual)
jꜣkbyw (plural)

From jꜣkb (“to mourn”) + -y (agent nominalizer).


ḥr-m-pr.f

ḥr (“Horus”) + m (“in”) + pr (“house, palace”) + .f (“his”), thus “Horus in his house”. Compare ḥr-m-ꜥḥ.f.


sḫm-n-sḫmw

sḫm (“power, cult image, incarnation”) + n(j) (“of”) + sḫmw (plural of sḫm).

plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">sḫm</i>


sḫm-n-rꜥ

sḫm (“power, cult image, incarnation”) + n(j) (“of”) + rꜥ (“Ra”).


sḫm-pt

sḫm (“power, cult image, incarnation”) + pt (“sky”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Power of the sky’.


sḫm-nṯrw

sḫm (“power, cult image, incarnation”) + nṯrw (plural of nṯr (“god”)).


sḫm-tꜣwj

sḫm (“power, cult image, incarnation”) + tꜣwj (“the Two Lands, Egypt”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Power of the Two Lands’.

epithet for various gods, especially Wepwawet


ḥbs-bꜣg

From ḥbs (“(one that) clothes, covers, hides”) + bꜣg (“the weary”), thus ‘veiler of the weary’, with ‘the weary’ a euphemism for the dead.


nbt-sḫm

nbt (“lady, possessor”) + sḫm (“power, capacity to overpower”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘possessor of overmastering power’.


nb-sḫm

nb (“lord, possessor”) + sḫm (“power, capacity to overpower”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘possessor of overmastering power’.


nb-mdw-nṯr

nb (“lord, possessor”) + mdw-nṯr (“sacred writings, hieroglyphic script”, literally “god’s word”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘lord of the god’s word’, i.e. ‘master of sacred writings’.


nb-mꜣꜥt

nb-mꜣꜥt (singular)
nbwj-mꜣꜥt (dual)
nbw-mꜣꜥt (plural)

From nb (“lord, possessor”) + mꜣꜥt (“righteousness, truth”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘possessor of righteousness/truth’.

(literally) honest person, one who does what is right

epithet for various gods, especially Ptah

s-H-ww-Y1:n:f-DA-DA-nw:t-U5:a:t-N9*t:Z2-nTr-nb:r-Dr:r-D&z&f-nb:w*Z2ss-mAat-zmA-i-i-Y1:Z2-i-m-s-
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-gb-b-r:*r:a:t-O44-t*Z1:n:nb-s-sw-i-H_SPACE:t-i-n:U5:a-t:z:n:f
sḥww n.f ḏꜣḏꜣt mꜣꜥt psḏt nb-r-ḏr ḏs.f nbw-mꜣꜥt zmꜣyw jm.s mkḥꜣyw jsft snḏmw m wsḫt nt gbb r rdjt jꜣwt n nb.s (n)syt n mꜣꜥt.s n.f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 17–18

The Tribunal of Maat was convened for him: the Ennead, the Lord of All himself, and the possessors of righteousness who were united in it, who scorn wrongdoing, sitting in the hall of Geb to give the office to its owner and the kingship to the one to whom it justly belonged.

(in the plural) epithet for gods who pass judgement collectively


nb-mꜣꜥt

A serekh name notably borne by Sneferu, a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty

A Two Ladies name notably borne by Sneferu, a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty


ḥr-ḥrw

ḥr (“Horus”) + ḥrw (“Horuses, lesser Horus-gods”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘Horus of the Horuses’.

epithet for various gods with a royal function


ḥr-zmꜣ-tꜣwj

→ Ancient Greek: Ἁρσομτους (Harsomtous)

ḥr (“Horus”) + zmꜣ (“uniting”) + tꜣwj (“the Two Lands, Egypt”), thus ‘Horus who unites the Two Lands (Egypt)’.


ḥr-nḏ-jt.f

→ Ancient Greek: Ἁρενδώτης (Harendṓtēs)

ḥr (“Horus”) + nḏ (“protecting”) + jt (“father”) + .f (“his”), thus ‘Horus who protects his father’.


ḥr-pꜣ-ẖrd

desc

→ Ancient Greek: Ἁρποκράτης (Harpokrátēs)

→ English: Harpocrates

ḥr (“Horus”) + pꜣ (“the”) + ẖrd (“child”), thus ‘Horus the Child’.


ḥr-wr

→ Ancient Greek: Ἁροῆρις (Haroêris)

ḥr (“Horus”) + wr (“great, elder”), thus ‘the elder Horus’, ‘Horus the Elder’.


wsjr-ḥp

Demotic: wsjr-ḥp

→ Ancient Greek: Σᾰ́ρᾱπῐς (Sárāpis)

→ Latin: Serāpis

→ English: Serapis

→ Minaean: 𐩱𐩻𐩧𐩢𐩰 (ʾṯrḥf)


ḥwrwnꜣ

Hauron, an Egyptian god, originating in the Canaanite pantheon, whose center of worship was in Giza.


ršpw

Ultimately from Eblaite 𒀭𒊏𒊓𒀊 (ra-sa-ap). Cognate with Ugaritic 𐎗𐎌𐎔 (ršp), and Hebrew רֶשֶׁף.


jꜥḥ wr

epithet for the god Khonsu as the full moon


jwn-wr

From jwn (“air, wind, seen as holding up the sky”) + wr (“great”), thus ‘the Great Air’, ‘the Great Supporter (of the sky)’.


jwn-mwt.f

From jwn (“pillar, succorer”) + mwt (“mother”) + .f (“his”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘succorer of his mother’.


jp-jb

From jp (“counting, assessing, shrewd, judicious”, perfective active participle of jp (“to count, to assess, to assign, to be(come) judicious”)) + jb (“heart, mind”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “shrewd of mind”. The divine epithet can alternatively be understood with jb as the object of jp, thus “(one who is) assessing the heart/mind”, “assessor of the heart/mind”.

jp <t:counting, assessing, shrewd, judicious><pos:perfective active participle of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jp</i> (“to count, to assess, to assign, to be(come) judicious”)>

epithet for the god Thoth, and occasionally other gods


ḫntj-jpt.f

From ḫntj (“foremost, being in front of”) + jpt (“Luxor, inner sanctum”) + .f (“his”), thus “(the one) presiding over his inner sanctum/Luxor”.


jmn-jpt

From jmn (“Amun”) + jpt (“Luxor, inner sanctum”) in a direct genitive construction, thus “Amun of Luxor”, “Amun of the inner sanctum”.

Synonym of jmn-m-jpt (“the form of the god Amun worshipped at Luxor”)


jmn-m-jpt

→ Ancient Greek: Ἀμένωφις (Aménōphis)

desc

→ Middle Babylonian: [Term?] (/amanappa/)

From jmn (“Amun”) + m (“in”) + jpt (“Luxor, inner sanctum”), thus “Amun in Luxor”, “Amun in the inner sanctum”. The personal name is probably to be interpreted as an adverbial sentence, “Amun is in Luxor”.

af

the form of the god Amun worshipped at Luxor


jmj-wt

Demotic: m-wyt, m-wyṱ

Perhaps from jmj (“(one) being in”) + wt (“bandage, mummy wrapping”), although other interpretations have also been suggested.


ḥqꜣ-jmj-pr

HqA-q-imi:im-pr:Z1- Y1 (canonical masculine)

From ḥqꜣ (“ruler”) + jmt-pr (“estate, bequest, will”) in a direct genitive construction, thus ‘ruler of the bequest’, in reference to the kingship mythologically bequeathed from Geb to Osiris and thereby to Horus. The term jmt-pr appears in its typical Greco-Roman Period form jmj-pr.


ḥqꜣ-jmꜣḫ

From ḥqꜣ (“ruler”) + jmꜣḫ (“dignity, honor, reverence”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “ruler of reverence”.


jmn-rn

From jmn (“hidden”) + rn (“name”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally ‘hidden of name’, i.e. ‘he whose name is hidden’.

a minor god mentioned in old religious texts


jmn-nṯrw

From jmn (“hidden”) + nṯrw (“gods”) in a direct genitive construction, thus literally “hidden of the gods”, i.e. “most hidden one among the gods”, “most hidden god”.


jmn-m-jpt-swt

From jmn (“Amun”) + m (“in”) + jpt-swt (“Karnak”), thus “Amun in Karnak”.

the form of the god Amun worshipped at Karnak