ḫt

Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲉ (xe)

Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)

Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še), ϣⲏ (šē)

Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)

Old Coptic: ϣⲉ (še)

desc

Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲉ (še), ϣⲏ (šē), ϣⲓ (ši)

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE


ḫꜥw

From the plural of ḫꜥ (“a kind of hoe”).

(plural only) equipment, tools, implements

equipment, tools, implements
farm implements

equipment, tools, implements
cutlery, serving utensils

equipment, tools, implements
tackle of a ship

equipment, tools, implements
musical instruments


djw ḥrjw rnpt

djw (“five”) + ḥrjw (“being upon”) + rnpt (“year”), thus literally ‘the five upon the year’.

compound

(plural only) the five epagomenal (intercalary) days at the end of the Egyptian year which did not belong to any month


tꜣwj

→ Akkadian: -𒋫𒀀𒉿 (-ta-a-wa)

→ Ancient Greek: -τους (-tous)

tA:tA:dmD-Hr:Z1-r:t:a:n:f-i-A-A30-m-U35-w-Hm-Z1:f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286)

The assembled Two Lands (Egypt) are giving him praise at the approach of his majesty.

S43-D*i-S3-i-mn:n:ra*Z1 nb:W11*W11*W11:N17:N17 N21:N21

c. 1479–1425 BCE, The Poetical Stela of Thutmose III: Part I, Cairo Museum 34010

A recitation by Amun-Ra, Lord of the Thrones of the Two Lands.

(dual only) Upper and Lower Egypt, considered as a single entity: Egypt.


ḏd-mdw

Demotic: ḏd-mdt, ḏd-md

Bohairic Coptic: ϫⲉⲙⲧⲁⲩ (čemtau)

/t͡ʃʼəməˈtʼøww/

/t͡ʃʼəməˈtʼøww/

ḏd (“to say”) + mdw (“speech, words”), with ḏd in the infinitive.

md-D*i-N-i-mn:n:ra*Z1-nb:W11*W11*W11:N17:N17-N21:N21

c. 1450 BCE, The Poetical Stela of Thutmose III: Part I, Cairo Museum 34010

(singular only) recitation (+ jn or (since the 19th Dynasty) n: by; + ḥr: about; + ḫft: when doing); used as a title to introduce various kinds of text to be recited

introduces the words spoken by a particular god in temple inscriptions, monuments, and old religious texts

introduces the main bulk of a religious spell or utterance, after any prologues

introduces a line of text in general in some collections of religious utterances


ꜣjwj

(medicine, dual only) (pair of) bandages to hold together a gaping wound


jꜣjw

(plural only) an epithet for braids of hair, probably meaning “dancers”


ꜥnḫwj

anx-anx-sDm-sDm (canonical dual masculine)


šꜣqw

(plural only) rings or circles of metal used as jewelry; rings, earrings, bracelets


jꜣtjw

jꜣt (“mound”) + -j (nisba ending) + -w (plural ending).


fnḫw

→ Ancient Greek: Φοῖνιξ (Phoînix)

→ Latin: pūnicus

→ English: Punic

→ Ancient Greek: Φοινίκη (Phoiníkē)

→ Latin: Phoenīcē, Phoenīcia

→ English: Phoenicia

→ Mycenaean Greek: 𐀡𐀛𐀑𐀍 (po-ni-ki-jo)

Probably from the plural of fnḫ (“carpenter, woodcutter”), in connection with the Egyptian trade in lumber in Canaan.

s-Aa7:T2-wr-wr-wr-nw*Z1:r-t:n-nw*w-T14-N25-N25:N25:N25-nb:t-N38:t*U30*t-Y1:N17-N17:N17-nb:Z2-f:n-x-w-A49:Z2
sqr wrw n(j)w rtnw ḫꜣswt nb(w)t štꜣ(w)t tꜣw nbw fnḫw

15th century BCE, "Massacre of the Enemies", obelisk relief of the conquests of Thutmose III at Karnak, southern face (verso) of the seventh pylon [Cfeetk 57176/KIU 2105], caption

The smiting of the great ones of Retjenu and every hidden foreign land and every land of the Phoenicians.

(plural only) a people in Canaan or Syria, perhaps originally the forest-dwellers of Lebanon; Phoenicians


msw-nswt

From msw (“children”) + nswt (“king”) in a direct genitive construction. The written form demonstrates honorific transposition.

egy-ht

(plural only) the royal children collectively; princes and princesses


rwj

r-w-D54 3ae inf. (canonical)
rwt (infinitive)
rwj (infinitive)
rww (infinitive negative)
rw (infinitive negative)
rwwt (infinitive)
rwyt (infinitive)
rw (imperative infinitive singular)
rw (imperative infinitive plural)
rwy (imperative infinitive plural)
rw (stative)
rww (stative)
ḥr rwt (imperfective)
ḥr rwj (imperfective)
m rwt (imperfective)
m rwj (imperfective)
r rwt (prospective)
r rwj (prospective)
rw.n (active perfect)
rww (passive perfect)
rw (passive perfect)
rwy (passive perfect)
rw.jn (active consecutive contingent)
active + .tj¹, .tw (consecutive contingent passive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfect)
rwt (terminative)
rwyt (terminative)
rw (active perfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive perfective)
rw.ḫr (active obligative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (obligative passive)
rw (active imperfective)
rwy (active imperfective)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective passive)
rww (active prospective)
rw (active prospective)
rwy (active prospective)
rww (passive prospective)
rw (passive prospective)
rwy (passive prospective)
rw.kꜣ (active potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive potential)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive prospective)
rw (active subjunctive)
rwy (active subjunctive)
active + .tj¹, .tw (passive subjunctive)
rw.n (active participle perfect relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfect relative)
rww (active participle perfective relative)
rwy (active participle perfective relative)
rw (active participle perfective relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (participle passive perfective relative)
rw (active participle perfective)
rwy (participle passive perfective)
rw (participle passive perfective)
rww (active imperfective participle relative)
rwwy (active imperfective participle relative)
rwww (active imperfective participle relative)
active + .tj¹, .tw (imperfective participle passive relative)
rww (active imperfective participle)
rwwj (active imperfective participle)
rwwy (active imperfective participle)
rww (imperfective participle passive)
rwww (imperfective participle passive)
rww (active participle prospective relative)
rwy (active participle prospective relative)
rw (active participle prospective relative)
rwtj (active participle prospective relative)
rwwtj (participle prospective)
rwtj (participle prospective)
rwt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

rwt, rwyt

rww.tj1, rw.tj1, rwy.tj1, rww.tw2, rw.tw2, rwy.tw2

# Only in the masculine singular.
# Only in the masculine.
# Only in the feminine.
# Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">-y</i> instead of the expected stative ending.

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲗⲁ (la)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲗⲟ (lo)


ḫꜣstjw

ḫꜣst (“foreign land”) + -j (nisba ending) + -w (plural ending).


mḥtjw

Nominalized plural of mḥtj (“northern”).


ḥꜣw-nbwt

(plural only) islanders, particularly of the Aegean


sṯzw

Likely shortened from sṯzw-šw (“the raisings/props of Shu”), from sṯzj (“to raise, lift up”).


ḏrtjw

ḏrtj (“falcon (as a god)”) + -w (plural ending).

Dr:r-tyw-Z2ss:H_SPACE-m-T:H-w-bH:Z2-U3-z:n:Z2-sw-w-n:t-tyw-Z2ss:H_SPACE-i-m-A51-Z3-Hr:Z1-n:r:nr-D40:n:f

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 6–7

The ancestors are in joy when they see him, and the dead are in awe of him.


zfṯyw

i-A2-s-f:T-W-tyw-T30:D40-G7-i-p-W-nw-Z1-nb:t-anx-x-Y1-!-n:t*y-Hr:r-Z1-s-n:Z2-m-Z9:t-Q7-s-p:d-M44-Z1-Y1-Dba-Dba-Dba-F51:Z2ss--…--Hr:r-Z1-N31:n:Z2-r:A1
j sfṯyw jpw nw nb{t}-ꜥnḫ ntj ḥr.sn m sḏt spd ḏbꜥw […] ḥr ⟨ṯ⟩n r.j

c. 976 BCE, Book of the Dead of Pinedjem II (pLondon British Museum EA10793 = pCampbell), chapter 41B, line 22.6–22.7

O you Butchers of the Lord of Life, whose faces are made of fire, (who are) sharp of fingers, […] keep away from me.

(plural only) a group of threatening underworld gods, ‘the Butchers’


ẖrwj

head

<hiero>Xr:r-w-</hiero>

 <hiero>y</hiero>

Nominalized from the dual of ẖrj (“being under”), thus literally ‘the two underneath’.


bntj

(dual only) (pair of) nipples (of a woman or man)


krtj

Suffixed with -tj (dual suffix). Some form of (loan) relationship with Proto-Semitic *ḳarn- and/or Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- has been suggested (see those pages for more) but is problematic to establish.

(dual only) the two horns of Amun’s headdress


ꜥẖmw nw ꜣḫt

ꜥẖmw (“falcons, cultic images”) + nw (“of”) + ꜣḫt (“place of sunrise”).

af

(plural only, hapax) Some sort of images found in a royal morning audience hall. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:

paintings of animals and plants reacting to the rising of the sun

r:a-k-w-A1-r:pr-sw-t:n-zA-A1-A50-s-s-Y1:Z2-i-m-f-!-s-q:b-b-W-y-wab-mw-pr-i-m-f:a:X-m-N33C*Z2ss:nw*Z1-Axt-t:pr
rdj.kw r pr zꜣ-nswt špssw jm.f sqbbwj jm.f ꜥẖmw nw ꜣḫt […]

c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE, The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) line 286–287

I was put in a prince’s house with finery in it, a room of refreshment in it, and cultic images of the Akhet, […]


jmjw-jꜣwt.sn

From jmj (“being in”) + -w (plural suffix) + jꜣwt (plural of jꜣt (“mound”)) + .sn (third-person plural suffix pronoun), literally “those in their mounds”. Some variants leave off .sn for a meaning of “those in the mounds”.

jꜣwt<pos:plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jꜣt</i> (“mound”)>

.sn<pos:third-person plural suffix pronoun>

(plural only) a group of seven snake gods who defend Ra from Apophis


wḥꜣtjw

wḥꜣt (“oasis”) + -j (nisba ending) + -w (plural suffix).


jww-ḥrjw-jb

jww (“islands”) + ḥrjw jb (“being in the midst”, literally “being upon the heart”).

(plural only) the stretches of alluvial land in the Nile delta separated by the arms of the river


wrmtj

Possibly related to wrm (“to grow, to rise”).

(dual only) A pair of protruding body parts. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:


jwtjw

From the plural of jwtj (“which is not”).


jmw-mw

From jmw (plural of jmj (“(one) being in”)) + mw (“water”), literally “those in the water”.

jmj <alt:jmw><pos:plural of <i class="Latn mention" lang="egy">jmj</i> (“(one) being in”)>

(plural only) water animals, aquatic fauna


jmw-ḥꜣt

From the plural of jmj ḥꜣt (“(one) being in front or earlier in time; anterior (one)”), equivalent to jmj (“(one) being in”) + -w (plural suffix) + ḥꜣt (“front”).

(plural only) forebears, ancestors, those of times gone by


jmw-ḥꜣt

imi-W:Z2ss- -t:Z1-nTr-Z3 (canonical masculine plural)

(plural only) lesser gods who walk in front of a chief god


jmw tꜣ

From jmw (“(those) being in”) + tꜣ (“earth”), literally “those in the earth”. Compare the singular form jmj-tꜣ, used as a priestly title.


jmjw-tꜣ-mw

From jmjw (“(those) being in”) + tꜣ (“earth”) + mw (“water”), literally “those in the earth and water”, modeled after the more common jmw tꜣ (“snakes”, literally “those in the earth”) and jmw-mw (“aquatic animals”, literally “those in the water”).

(plural only) epithet for snakes and water snakes, collectively