db

d-b-db (canonical masculine)
db (singular)
dbwj (dual)
dbw (plural)

Demotic: tp

Coptic: ⲧⲁⲡ (tap)

Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE

Possibly a doublet of ꜥb (“horn”), according to the Rösslerian school of Egyptian comparison.

hollowed-out horn for holding oil, used by Asiatics


ms

Demotic: ms

Coptic: ⲙⲁⲥⲉ (mase)

Possibly related to Central Atlas Tamazight ⵎⵙ (ms, “to be from, be related to, be a close relative/descendant of”).


gḥs

gḥs (singular)
gḥswj (dual)
gḥsw (plural)

Coptic: ϭϩⲟⲥ (chos) (Sahidic), ⲭⲁⲥ (khas) (Akhmimic)


ḫꜣb

x-xA-A-b-Z9 3-lit. (canonical)
ḫꜣb (infinitive)
ḫꜣbw (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣb (infinitive negative)
ḫꜣbt (infinitive)
ḫꜣb (imperative infinitive singular)
ḫꜣb (imperative infinitive plural)
ḫꜣb (stative)
ḥr ḫꜣb (imperfective)
m ḫꜣb (imperfective)
r ḫꜣb (prospective)
ḫꜣb.n (active perfect)
ḫꜣb.jn (active consecutive contingent)
ḫꜣbt (active terminative)
ḫꜣb (active perfective)
ḫꜣb.ḫr (active obligative)
ḫꜣb (active imperfective)
ḫꜣb (active prospective)
ḫꜣb.kꜣ (active potential)
ḫꜣb (active subjunctive)
ḫꜣb.n (active participle perfect)
ḫꜣb (active participle perfective)
ḫꜣb (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣbw (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣby (participle passive perfective)
ḫꜣb (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣby (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣbw (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣbj (active imperfective participle)
ḫꜣb (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣbw (imperfective participle passive)
ḫꜣb (active participle prospective)
ḫꜣbtj (active participle prospective)
ḫꜣbtj (participle prospective)
ḫꜣbt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

ḫꜣbt

⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.

(intransitive) to be(come) bent, to bend


ṯzm

ṯzm (singular)
ṯzmwj (dual)
ṯzmw (plural)

→ English: Tesem

From Proto-Afroasiatic. Cognates include Kabyle aqjun, Blin ግድጝ (gédéň) and Birgit kájàŋ.

T:z-m-E14-M42-n:n-stp-V16:r-Hm-f-!-a-b-w-tyw-E14:r-n:f

6th Dynasty, Giza, Western Cemetery, Shaft G 2188 Y, Block of sunk relief inscription mentioning the dog Abutiu (35-10-22/Cairo JE 67573), lines 1–2

The hound that was the protector of His Majesty. His name is Abutiu.

hound (variously described as “greyhound”, “basenji”, etc.)


rw

Cognate to Proto-Semitic *ʔarway- (“wild beast; lion”).

cog

Allen, James (2013) A New Concordance of the Pyramid Texts, volume III, Providence: Brown University, PT 294.2 (Pyr. 436b), W


jwꜣ

jwꜣ (singular)
jwꜣwj (dual)
jwꜣw (plural)

(in the plural) long-horned cattle in contrast to wnḏw (“short-horned cattle”)


ḏrt

ḏrt (singular)
ḏrtj (dual)
ḏrwt (plural)


ḥḏt

Demotic: ḥṱy.t "white crown"

Nominalized use of the feminine form of ḥḏ (“white”). Nisba suffix present, as shown by the Demotic form ḥṱy.t.


mnmnt

mnmnt (singular)
mnmntj (dual)
mnmnwt (plural)

N17:N21*p:n-M:a:f-N35B:f-TAw:f-s-M21:M-Hn:f-mn:n:mn:n-t:E1:f-nb:t-pA-i-i-t:nb:t-H_SPACE:x-t:xn-N35C:nb:t-D&d:f:t-I14:Z2:f-qmA-w&t-E29*Z2ss:f-xAst:t*Z1-!-s-U4:a-w-N-zA-Z1:H_SPACE-nw*t:pt-tA:tA:N21*N21-h:r-w-Hr:r:z
tꜣ pn m-ꜥ.f mw.f ṯꜣw.f sm(w).f mnmnt.f nbt pꜣyt nbt ḫnnt nbt ḏdfwt.f ꜥwt.f ḫꜣst smꜣꜥ.w n zꜣ nwt tꜣwj hr.w ḥr.s

c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 11–12

This land is in his hand — its water and its wind, its plants and all its cattle, all that flies and all that lands, its creeping creatures and its quadrupeds of the desert, were given to the son of Nut, and the Two Lands (Egypt) are pleased with it.


ꜥwt

N17:N21*p:n-M:a:f-N35B:f-TAw:f-s-M21:M-Hn:f-mn:n:mn:n-t:E1:f-nb:t-pA-i-i-t:nb:t-H_SPACE:x-t:xn-N35C:nb:t-D&d:f:t-I14:Z2:f-qmA-w&t-E29*Z2ss:f-xAst:t*Z1-
-s-U4:a-w-N-zA-Z1:H_SPACE-nw*t:pt-tA:tA:N21*N21-h:r-w-Hr:r:z
tꜣ pn m-ꜥ.f mw.f ṯꜣw.f sm(w).f mnmnt.f nbt pꜣyt nbt ḫnnt nbt ḏdfwt.f ꜥwt.f ḫꜣst smꜣꜥ.w n zꜣ nwt tꜣwj hr.w ḥr.s

(collective) four-legged animals in general, quadrupeds


ssm

ssm (singular)
ssmwj (dual)
ssmw (plural)

A Northwest Semitic loanword. Compare with Ugaritic 𐎝𐎝𐎆 (s̀ūs̀awu).


ssmt

ssmt (singular)
ssmtj (dual)
ssmwt (plural)


mꜣj-ḥzꜣ

mꜣj-ḥzꜣ (singular)
mꜣjwj-ḥzꜣwj (dual)
mꜣjw-ḥzꜣw (plural)


mmj

mmj (singular)
mmjwj (dual)
mmjw (plural)


zꜣb

zꜣb (singular)
zꜣbwj (dual)
zꜣbw (plural)

Possibly from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *ǯiʔib- (“beast of prey”). Compare Hebrew זְאֵב (zǝʾēḇ) and Arabic ذِئْب (ḏiʔb) from Proto-Semitic *ḏiʔb- (“wolf”), as well as Chadic ǯib- “civet”.

cog

Hebrew זְאֵב (zǝʾēḇ)


ꜣbw

ꜣbw (singular)
ꜣbwwj (dual)
ꜣbww (plural)

→? Ancient Greek: ἐλέφας (eléphas) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Afroasiatic *leb- (compare Tangale labata, Mukulu ʾelbi).
Likely related to ꜣb (“fingernail”) via the ‘ivory, tusk’ sense.


bꜣ

Old Coptic: ⲃⲁⲓ (bai)

working power, active power, efficacy in acting on and influencing the external world and enforcing order, especially as possessed by a god


ngꜣw

ngꜣw (singular)
ngꜣwwj (dual)
ngꜣww (plural)


mjw

mjw (singular)
mjwwj (dual)
mjww (plural)

→ English: Mau

Most likely onomatopoeic, from the animal’s cry (meow). Compare Chinese 貓 /猫 (māo), Lao ແມວ (mǣu).
Other hypotheses connect it to Proto-Afroasiatic *m-r or *m-l, the former on the basis of Alagwa mariy-amo (“wild cat”), Lamé Ngete mēr (“serval”) and méríán (“wild cat”), Pévé merian (“wild cat, serval”), Zime-Dari Pévé mīēr (“genette”), and the latter on the basis of Musgu ámíl (“African civet”), Bedanga Sokoro melā (“cat”). Either one of these could also be plausibly connected with the ancestor of Egyptian mꜣj (“lion”).

nw:k-Z1-mi-i-w-E13-p:f-i-i-aA:a:Y1-n:t*y-Hr*Z1:p-S:t*Z1-i-S:d-M1-r:Aa16*Z1-f:im-iwn-nw:niwt-g:r-H-w-N2-ra*Z1-p:f-i-i-n:aHA-Z9:D40-a:Z1-ir:t-A47-A-W-D40-s-b-i-w
A13:Z2-h:r-w-ra*Z1-p:f-i-i-n-H*st-m-gb-t:nDs-x:f:t-A14:Z2-nw*Z1:nb-Dr:r-A40-i-m-f
jnk mjw pfy ꜥꜣ ntj ḥr p(s)št jšd r-gs.f m jwnw grḥ pfy n(j) ꜥḥꜣ-ꜥ(w) jrt zꜣw(t) sbjw
hrw pfy n(j) ḥtmt ḫftjw nw nb-(r)-ḏr jm.f

c. 332-30 BCE, Book of the Dead of Iuefankh, chapter 17, lines 45-46 (pTurin Museo Egizio 1791)

I am that great tomcat beside whom the desert date tree was split in Heliopolis on that night of battle and the guarding of rebels,
on that day on which the enemies of the Lord of All were destroyed.


mꜣj

mꜣj (singular)
mꜣjwj (dual)
mꜣjw (plural)

Demotic: mꜣj

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲓ (moui)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲉⲓ (mouei)


kꜣ

a serekh name notably borne by Predynastic king Ka


mꜣ-ḥḏ

mꜣ-ḥḏ (singular)
mꜣwj-ḥḏwj (dual)
mꜣw-ḥḏw (plural)


mꜣt

mꜣt (singular)
mꜣtj (dual)
mꜣwt (plural)

desc

Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲓⲏ (miē), ⲙⲟⲩⲓⲏ (mouiē), ⲙⲩⲏ (muē), ⲙⲓⲉ (mie)


sꜣbt

sꜣbt (singular)
sꜣbtj (dual)
sꜣbwt (plural)


ꜣby

ꜣby (singular)
ꜣbywj (dual)
ꜣbyw (plural)

a lithe spotted big cat, including both leopards and cheetahs; ‘panther’ .


ꜥꜣ

wn:n-O31:a-n:k-i-mn:n-t:Y2-S:tA-t:Y2-ir-w-A53-Y2:N33A-z:n:S-O31:a-n:k-O31:O31-niwt-wr:r-t:xAst

c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 7

As the hidden region, secret of forms, is opened to you, so the double doors of the Great City are unstopped for you.

wn n.k jmnt štꜣt jrww snš n.k ꜥꜣwj nwt wrt


šꜣqb

SA:q-b- (canonical masculine)
šꜣqb (singular)
šꜣqbwj (dual)
šꜣqbw (plural)


jbꜣr

jbꜣr (singular)
jbꜣrwj (dual)
jbꜣrw (plural)

Borrowing from a Semitic language. Compare Biblical Hebrew אַבִּיר (ʾabbī́r, “mighty, valiant”) (often used of stallions), or perhaps Ugaritic 𐎛𐎁𐎗 (ỉbr, “bull”) (= Arabic بَعِير (baʕīr)).


jꜥn

jꜥn (singular)
jꜥnwj (dual)
jꜥnw (plural)

Demotic:  (ꜥꜥn)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲏⲛ (ēn)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲛ (en)

desc

Old Coptic: ⲉⲉⲛ (een), ⲉⲛ (en), ⲁⲛⲁ (ana)

One early writing of the word shows the form ꜥnr, which Erman and Grapow take to represent the earliest known form of the word; however, Vycichl considers this a pseudo-archaic secondary development, since none of the known plural forms conserve the consonant r in this position.


pnw

pnw (singular)
pnwwj (dual)
pnww (plural)

Demotic: pn

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲡⲓⲛ (pin)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲫⲓⲛ (phin)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲓⲛ (pin)


bḥz

bḥz (singular)
bḥzwj (dual)
bḥzw (plural)


jḥ

Demotic: jḥ

Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉϩⲉ (ehe)

Bohairic Coptic: ⲉϩⲉ (ehe)

Fayyumic Coptic: ⲁϩⲏ (ahē)

Sahidic Coptic: ⲉϩⲉ (ehe)


rrj

rrj (singular)
rrjwj (dual)
rrjw (plural)

Demotic: ryr

Coptic: ⲣⲓⲣ (rir)

Onomatopoeic, from the pig’s roaring or grunting.


jwjw

jwjw (singular)
jwjwwj (dual)
jwjww (plural)

Probably a reduplication of jw (“dog”). The verb is then likely denominal, with its meaning deriving from the cry of the dog.


jwjw

E9:W-E9:W-A2 4-lit. (canonical)
jwjw (infinitive)
jwjww (infinitive negative)
jwjw (infinitive negative)
jwjwt (infinitive)
jwjw (imperative infinitive singular)
jwjw (imperative infinitive plural)
jwjw (stative)
ḥr jwjw (imperfective)
m jwjw (imperfective)
r jwjw (prospective)
jwjw.n (active perfect)
jwjw.jn (active consecutive contingent)
jwjwt (active terminative)
jwjw (active perfective)
jwjw.ḫr (active obligative)
jwjw (active imperfective)
jwjww (active prospective)
jwjw (active prospective)
jwjw.kꜣ (active potential)
jwjw (active subjunctive)
jwjw.n (active participle perfect)
jwjw (active participle perfective)
jwjw (participle passive perfective)
jwjww (participle passive perfective)
jwjwy (participle passive perfective)
jwjw (active imperfective participle)
jwjwy (active imperfective participle)
jwjww (active imperfective participle)
jwjwj (active imperfective participle)
jwjw (imperfective participle passive)
jwjww (imperfective participle passive)
jwjw (active participle prospective)
jwjwtj (active participle prospective)
jwjwwtj (participle prospective)
jwjwtj (participle prospective)
jwjwt (participle prospective)

egy-conj-table

jwjwt

jwjww.tj1, jwjw.tj1, jwjww.tw2, jwjw.tw2