polder

nl-noun

polder m (plural polders, diminutive poldertje n)

polders (plural)
poldertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: polder

→ Caribbean Hindustani: podro

→ Caribbean Javanese: polder

→ English: polder

→ German: Polder

→ Papiamentu: polder

From Middle Dutch polre, from Old Dutch polra, perhaps from polla (“A low ground elevation”).

(geography) polder (land reclaimed from a body of water by means of dykes)


grind

Afrikaans: grint

From Middle Dutch grint, grinde, from Old Dutch *grinda, from Proto-Germanic *grindō (“sand, pebbles”).


plasma

→ Indonesian: plasma

Borrowed from Latin plasma, from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma). Influenced by German Plasma (“blood plasma, cytoplasm”) and English plasma (“ionised gas”).

der

(mineralogy) plasma, dark green type of quartz


loo

From Middle Dutch lôo, from Old Dutch lō, *lōh, from Proto-West Germanic *lauh, from Proto-Germanic *lauhaz. Cognate with English lea and leigh.

De hooge strooken of plekken in of bij de lagere gronden droegen natuurlijk de bosschen en dus de loo's, die zich niet daarnaast over de drassige of dikwijls onder water staande landen konden uitbreiden.

1906, Tijdschrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, page 41:

The high strips or places in or near the lower grounds naturally supported the woods and hence the loos, which could not extend beyond the swampy or often flooded lands.

(historical, geography) a clearing in a forest

Deze meent, dat lage de beteekenis heeft van: een van houtgewas ontbloote, vrije en open vlakte, een roding, een plek, die ontstaat, wanneer een loo wordt omgehakt.

1930, Nomina geographica Neerlandica, page 9 & 10:

He thinks that low has the meaning of: a bare, free and open plain, a reding, a place that arises when a loo is cut down.

(historical, geography) a forest on sandy soil with (many) clearings


kom

nl-noun

kom f (plural kommen, diminutive kommetje n)

kommen (plural)
kommetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kom

→ Swazi: inkomishi

→ Zulu: inkomishi

Fanagalo: lo kom

Berbice Creole Dutch: konghi

Negerhollands: kommetje, komintji, kom

→ Aukan: komiki (from the diminutive)

→ Indonesian: kom

→ Papiamentu: kòmchi, kònchi, kommetsje (from the diminutive)

→ Sranan Tongo: komki, komiki (from the diminutive)

→ Lokono: komiki, kuñki

→ Caribbean Hindustani: komki

→ Kari'na: komiki

→ Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin: kommiki

Etymology beyond Middle Dutch comme debated; perhaps ultimately not of Germanic origin.

(geography) (village) center, in particular one with buildings around a central square


golf

golf f (plural golven, diminutive golfje n)

golven (plural)
golfje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch gelve, from Proto-Germanic *gelbaną. Influenced by Late Latin colfus, from Ancient Greek κόλπος (kólpos).


kern

kern f (plural kernen, diminutive kerntje n)

kernen (plural)
kerntje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch kerne, from Old Dutch *kerno, from Proto-Germanic *kernô, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-n-on-, *ǵr̥h₂nóm, related to *kurną (“corn, grain”).

(geology, astronomy) core (of the Earth, or any other celestial body)


wadi

From Arabic وَادٍ (wādin, “valley, riverbed, ravine”).


pas

nl-noun

pas m (plural passen, diminutive pasje n)

passen (plural)
pasje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: pas

→ Indonesian: pas

From Middle Dutch pas, from Old French pas, from Latin passus.


eon

eon m or n (plural eonen, diminutive eoontje n or eonnetje n)

eonen (plural)
eoontje (diminutive neuter)
eonnetje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Latin aeon, from Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn, “age”).


diamant

From Middle Dutch diamant, from Old French diamant, from Medieval Latin and Late Latin diamas, variant of Latin adamas.
The typographic use derives from Dirck Voskens, who first cut it around 1700 and presumably named it by analogy with the larger parel.


lapis lazuli

Borrowed from English lapis lazuli, from Medieval Latin lapis (“stone”) and lazulī (“of the heavens”).


karst

(geology) karst (terrain with caves formed by limestone dissolution by underground drainage)


rug

rug m (plural ruggen, diminutive ruggetje n or rugje n)

ruggen (plural)
ruggetje (diminutive neuter)
rugje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: rug

Jersey Dutch: rœx

Negerhollands: rugge, rigi, rege

From Middle Dutch rugge, from Old Dutch ruggi, from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz.


straat

straat f (plural straten, diminutive straatje n)

straten (plural)
straatje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: straat
→ Swazi: sitaladi
→ Xhosa: isitrato, isitalato

→ Indonesian: setrat

→ Sranan Tongo: strati
→ Aukan: sitaati, strati
→ Caribbean Hindustani: stráti
→ Saramaccan: sitááti

From Middle Dutch strâte, from Old Dutch strāta, from Proto-West Germanic *strātu (“street”), from Latin strāta, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to stretch out, extend, spread”).
The sense “strait” is a phono-semantic matching of Middle English streit, from Old French estreit, from Latin strictus. Compare German Straße.

psm

Straat Yucatan — the Yucatán Channel or Straits of Yucatán

Straat (van) Malakka


horst

nl-noun

horst f (plural horsten, diminutive horstje n)

horsten (plural)
horstje (diminutive neuter)

Cognate with English horst and German Horst (“horst; eyrie”).

(geology) an area of the earth's surface which is raised relative to surrounding land; a horst


ader

ader f or m (plural aders or aderen, diminutive adertje n)

aders (plural)
aderen (plural)
adertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: aar

Negerhollands: ader, aar

→ Papiamentu: ader, ardu

From Middle Dutch ādere, from Old Dutch *āthera, from Proto-West Germanic *ādrā.


gips

Afrikaans: gips

→ West Frisian: gips

→ Indonesian: gips

→ Japanese: ギプス

→ Korean: 깁스 (gipseu)

Ultimately from Latin gypsum, from Ancient Greek γύψος (gúpsos), probably from a Semitic language.


breuk

breuk f (plural breuken, diminutive breukje n)

breuken (plural)
breukje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: breuk

Negerhollands: breek

desc

→ Indonesian: patahan (“fault”) (semantic loan)

→ Indonesian: pecahan (“fraction”) (semantic loan)

→ Papiamentu: breuk

From Middle Dutch broke, brueke, from Old Dutch *bruki, from Proto-West Germanic *bruki, from Proto-Germanic *brukiz.

De aardbeving veroorzaakte een grote breuk in de aardkorst.

The earthquake caused a major fault in the earth's crust.


krater

nl-noun

krater m (plural kraters, diminutive kratertje n)

kraters (plural)
kratertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: krater

→ West Frisian: krater

Borrowed from Latin crātēr, from Ancient Greek κρᾱτήρ (krātḗr).


Australië

nl-proper noun

Australië n (adjective Australisch, demonym Australiër m or Australische f)

Australisch (adjective)
Australiër (demonym masculine)
Australische (demonym feminine)

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


legenda

nl-noun

legenda c (plural legenda's, diminutive legendaatje n)

legenda's (plural)
legendaatje (diminutive neuter)

(cartography) legend (key to symbols and colour codes on a map)


baai

baai f (plural baaien, diminutive baaitje n)

baaien (plural)
baaitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: baai

Negerhollands: bai, bay

Directly or ultimately from Middle French baie.


vulkaan

vulkaan m (plural vulkanen, diminutive vulkaantje n)

vulkanen (plural)
vulkaantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vulkaan

From Middle Dutch vulcaen, from Latin Vulcānus.


spruit

spruit f (plural spruiten, diminutive spruitje n)

spruiten (plural)
spruitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: spruit

desc

→ Papiamentu: sprùit, spreit, spruitsje, spruit

→ Sranan Tongo: sproiti

From Middle Dutch sprute, spruut, spruyte, from Old Dutch *sprūtan. Cognate with English sprite, sprout.

(geography) a small river, river branch, especially used in South African toponyms


Krijt

From krijt. The meaning comes from French Crétacé, this sense was coined by Jean d'Omalius d'Halloy.

Jean d'Omalius d'Halloy
nl:Krijt (periode)


strekking

nl-noun

strekking f (plural strekkingen, diminutive strekkinkje n)

strekkingen (plural)
strekkinkje (diminutive neuter)


helling

helling f (plural hellingen, diminutive hellinkje n)

hellingen (plural)
hellinkje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch heldinge. Equivalent to hellen + -ing.


verwering

verwering f (plural verweringen, diminutive verwerinkje n)

verweringen (plural)
verwerinkje (diminutive neuter)


halfrond

halfrond n (plural halfronden, diminutive halfrondje n)

halfronden (plural)
halfrondje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: halfrond


verval

verval n (plural vervallen, diminutive vervalletje n)

vervallen (plural)
vervalletje (diminutive neuter)

(geography, hydrology) vertical distance between two points of a watercourse (in units of length)


bekken

bekken n (plural bekkens, diminutive bekkentje n)

bekkens (plural)
bekkentje (diminutive neuter)

→ Lokono: bèkè ina

→ Aukan: beki

→ Sranan Tongo: beki

desc

→ Guyanese Creole English: bakee, bakie, baky

From Middle Dutch becken, from Vulgar Latin *baccinum.

(geography) basin, geological depression


stroomgebied

nl-noun

stroomgebied n (plural stroomgebieden, diminutive stroomgebiedje n)

stroomgebieden (plural)
stroomgebiedje (diminutive neuter)


afzetting

afzetting f (plural afzettingen, diminutive afzettinkje n)

afzettingen (plural)
afzettinkje (diminutive neuter)

/ˈɑfˌzɛ.tɪŋ/


zuiverheid

From Middle Dutch suverheit. Equivalent to zuiver + -heid.


maaksel

maaksel n (plural maaksels, diminutive maakseltje n)

maaksels (plural)
maakseltje (diminutive neuter)


epicentrum

epicentrum n (plural epicentra or epicentrums, diminutive epicentrumpje n)

epicentra (plural)
epicentrums (plural)
epicentrumpje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: episentrum

→ Indonesian: episentrum

(seismology) epicentre, point above an earthquake's centre


trog

trog m (plural troggen, diminutive trogje n)

troggen (plural)
trogje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch troch, from Old Dutch *trog, from Proto-West Germanic *trog, from Proto-Germanic *trugą, *trugaz (compare West Frisian trôch, English trough, German Trog, Swedish tråg), from Proto-Indo-European *dru-kó (compare Middle Irish drochta (“wooden basin”), Old Armenian տարգալ (targal, “ladle, spoon”)), enlargement of *dóru (“tree”).


siltsteen

nl-noun

siltsteen m (plural siltstenen, diminutive siltsteentje n)

siltstenen (plural)
siltsteentje (diminutive neuter)


zandsteen

Afrikaans: sandsteen

From Middle Dutch santsteen. Equivalent to zand + steen.


schalie

schalie f (plural schaliën or schalies, diminutive schalietje n)

schaliën (plural)
schalies (plural)
schalietje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch schalie, from Old French escaille.


stollingsgesteente

stollingsgesteente n (plural stollingsgesteenten or stollingsgesteentes)

stollingsgesteenten (plural)
stollingsgesteentes (plural)

→ Indonesian: batuan beku (calque)


klastisch

klastisch (adverbial positive predicative)
klastische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
klastisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
klastische (indefinite plural positive)
klastische (definite positive)
klastisch (partitive positive)

From Ancient Greek κλᾰστός (klastós) + -isch, from κλάσειν (klásein, “to break”).


mergel

From Old French marle from Late Latin margila, diminutive of marga (“marl”).


grondwaterstand

grondwaterstand m (plural grondwaterstanden)


grondwater

grondwater n (plural grondwaters or grondwateren, diminutive grondwatertje n)

grondwaters (plural)
grondwateren (plural)
grondwatertje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: air tanah (calque)


metamorf gesteente

metamorf gesteente n (plural metamorfe gesteenten or metamorfe gesteentes, diminutive metamorf gesteentetje n)

metamorfe gesteenten (plural)
metamorfe gesteentes (plural)
metamorf gesteentetje (diminutive neuter)


kloofdal

kloofdal n (plural kloofdalen, diminutive kloofdalletje n)

kloofdalen (plural)
kloofdalletje (diminutive neuter)

From kloof (“chasm, clough”) + dal (“valley”).


lazuriet

From Medieval Latin lazur (“lapis lazuli”), from Arabic لَازَوَرْد (lāzaward), from Persian لاژورد (lâžvard).


binnenkern

nl-noun

binnenkern f (plural binnenkernen, diminutive binnenkerntje n)

binnenkernen (plural)
binnenkerntje (diminutive neuter)


aardmantel

Compound of Aarde (“Earth”) + mantel (“mantle”).


buitenkern

buitenkern f (plural buitenkernen, diminutive buitenkerntje n)

buitenkernen (plural)
buitenkerntje (diminutive neuter)


keerkring

keerkring m (plural keerkringen, diminutive keerkringetje n)

keerkringen (plural)
keerkringetje (diminutive neuter)

From keren (“to turn”) + kring (“circle”).


tropen

Afrikaans: trope

→ West Frisian: tropen

Borrowed from German Tropen, from Ancient Greek τροπή (tropḗ).


aftakking

aftakking f (plural aftakkingen, diminutive aftakkinkje n)

aftakkingen (plural)
aftakkinkje (diminutive neuter)

/ˈɑfˌtɑ.kɪŋ/


aardkorst

Compound of Aarde (“Earth”) + korst (“crust”).


eutrofie

From Ancient Greek εὐτροφία (eutrophía).


verhang

verhang n (plural verhangen, diminutive verhangetje n)

verhangen (plural)
verhangetje (diminutive neuter)

(geography, hydrology) relative measure for the vertical distance in proportion to horizontal distance between two points of a watercourse (in units of gradient or as a proportion)


gletsjermolen

gletsjermolen m (plural gletsjermolens, diminutive gletsjermolentje n)

gletsjermolens (plural)
gletsjermolentje (diminutive neuter)


eroderen

eroderen (infinitive)
eroderen (gerund neuter)
erodeer (first-person present singular)
erodeerde (first-person past singular)
erodeert (present second-person singular)
erodeer (present second-person singular)
erodeerde (past second-person singular)
erodeert (formal present second-person singular)
erodeerde (formal past second-person singular)
erodeert (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
erodeert (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
erodeerde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
erodeerde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
erodeert (present singular third-person)
erodeerde (past singular third-person)
eroderen (plural present)
erodeerden (past plural)
erodere (archaic present singular subjunctive)
erodeerde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
eroderen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
erodeerden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
erodeer (imperative present singular)
erodeert (archaic imperative plural present)
eroderend (participle present)
geërodeerd (participle past)

Borrowed from French éroder, from Latin ērōdō.


kwartslaag

kwartslaag f (plural kwartslagen, diminutive kwartslaagje n)

kwartslagen (plural)
kwartslaagje (diminutive neuter)


slenk

slenk f (plural slenken, diminutive slenkje n)

slenken (plural)
slenkje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch slenke (“naturally-formed trench filled with water”), from slenken (“to make diminish”), causative of slinken (“to diminish”).

inh

(geography) small meandering salt-water inlet: creek


albiet

Borrowed from German Albit, formed from Latin albus (“white”), the common color of the mineral + -iet.


catastrofisme

From catastrofe + -isme, calque of English catastrophism.

(historical, geology, biology) catastrophism (belief that the Earth's crust and life on Earth are mainly influenced by catastrophes)


graniet

nl-noun

graniet f (plural granieten, diminutive granietje n)

granieten (plural)
granietje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: granit


Dogger

(geology) Dogger, Middle Jurassic, second period of the Jurassic


derrie

From Middle Dutch dari, darrie, darinc. Cognate to Dutch darink.

(now chiefly specialist, geology, geography) peat contaminated with clay


vormleer

Compound of vorm (“form”) + leer (“doctrine, teaching”).

compound

(geography) morphology (study of landforms)


tektoniek

Borrowed from German Tektonik. Attested since the mid nineteenth century.

(geology) tectonics (study of crustal movements and phenomena)


regenschaduw

Compound of regen + schaduw. Probably a calque.

(geography, meteorology, chiefly singular) rain shadow


hypocentrum

Afrikaans: hiposentrum

→ Indonesian: hiposentrum


bevingshaard

Compound of beving (“quake”) + -s- + haard (“hearth”).


aardbevingshaard

nl-noun

aardbevingshaard m (plural aardbevingshaarden)

Compound of aardbeving (“earthquake”) + -s- + haard (“hearth”).


kryoturbatie

Probably borrowed. Equivalent to kryo- + turbatie.

(geology) cryoturbation, mixing of soil by freezing and thawing


bioturbatie

Probably borrowed. Equivalent to bio- + turbatie.

(geology) bioturbation, mixing of soil or sediment by living organisms


juveniel

juveniel (adverbial positive predicative)
juveniele (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
juveniel (indefinite neuter positive singular)
juveniele (indefinite plural positive)
juveniele (definite positive)
juveniels (partitive positive)

Borrowed from French juvénile, from Latin iuvenīlis.


eruptief

eruptief (adverbial positive predicative)
eruptieve (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
eruptief (indefinite neuter positive singular)
eruptieve (indefinite plural positive)
eruptieve (definite positive)
eruptiefs (partitive positive)

Borrowed from French éruptif. Equivalent to eruptie + -ief.

(geology) eruptive (formed by or pertaining to eruption)


erosie

Afrikaans: erosie

→ Indonesian: erosi

→ West Frisian: eroazje

Borrowed from French érosion, from Latin ērōsiō. The geological and figurative senses may have derived from English erosion.


erupteren

erupteren (infinitive)
erupteren (gerund neuter)
erupteer (first-person present singular)
erupteerde (first-person past singular)
erupteert (present second-person singular)
erupteer (present second-person singular)
erupteerde (past second-person singular)
erupteert (formal present second-person singular)
erupteerde (formal past second-person singular)
erupteert (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
erupteert (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
erupteerde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
erupteerde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
erupteert (present singular third-person)
erupteerde (past singular third-person)
erupteren (plural present)
erupteerden (past plural)
eruptere (archaic present singular subjunctive)
erupteerde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
erupteren (archaic plural present subjunctive)
erupteerden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
erupteer (imperative present singular)
erupteert (archaic imperative plural present)
erupterend (participle present)
geërupteerd (participle past)


tegenpool

(electromagnetism, geography) pole opposite to another pole


ontsluiting

nl-noun

ontsluiting f (plural ontsluitingen, diminutive ontsluitinkje n)

ontsluitingen (plural)
ontsluitinkje (diminutive neuter)

From ontsluiten (“to unlock, to open up”) + -ing.


cryovulkanisme

nl-noun

cryovulkanisme m (plural cryovulkanismen)

Calque of English cryovolcanism, equivalent to cryo- + vulkanisme.

(volcanology, planetology, geology) the activity, and associated phenomena, of a cryovolcano – a volcano that ejects volatile materials rather than magma; cryovolcanism


cryovulkaan

Calque of English cryovolcano, equivalent to cryo- + vulkaan.

(planetology, geology, volcanology) a volcano on an icy moon or asteroid that ejects volatile materials rather than magma; a cryovolcano


maansteen

maansteen m (plural maanstenen, diminutive maansteentje n)

maanstenen (plural)
maansteentje (diminutive neuter)


sorosilicaat

From Ancient Greek σωρός (sōrós, “heap”) + silicaat.


nesosilicaat

From Ancient Greek νῆσος (nêsos, “island”) + silicaat.


kyaniet

From Ancient Greek κυανός (kuanós, “blue”) + -iet.


malachiet

From French malachite or German Malachit.


fyllosilicaat

From Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”) + silicaat.


agglomeraat

agglomeraat n (plural agglomeraten, diminutive agglomeraatje n)

agglomeraten (plural)
agglomeraatje (diminutive neuter)


hematiet

Ultimately from Ancient Greek αἱματίτης (haimatítēs), from Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).


bentoniet

From English bentonite; equivalent to Benton + -iet.


geoïde

Borrowed from French géoïde, from German Geoid.


ablatie

ablatie f (plural ablaties, diminutive ablatietje n)

ablaties (plural)
ablatietje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: ablasi

Borrowed from French ablation, from Late Latin ablātiō.

(geology) ablation (removal of a glacier by melting and evaporation)