grind

Afrikaans: grint

From Middle Dutch grint, grinde, from Old Dutch *grinda, from Proto-Germanic *grindō (“sand, pebbles”).


plasma

→ Indonesian: plasma

Borrowed from Latin plasma, from Ancient Greek πλάσμα (plásma). Influenced by German Plasma (“blood plasma, cytoplasm”) and English plasma (“ionised gas”).

der

(mineralogy) plasma, dark green type of quartz


kern

nl-noun

kern f (plural kernen, diminutive kerntje n)

kernen (plural)
kerntje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch kerne, from Old Dutch *kerno, from Proto-Germanic *kernô, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-n-on-, *ǵr̥h₂nóm, related to *kurną (“corn, grain”).

(geology, astronomy) core (of the Earth, or any other celestial body)


wadi

From Arabic وَادٍ (wādin, “valley, riverbed, ravine”).


eon

nl-noun

eon m or n (plural eonen, diminutive eoontje n or eonnetje n)

eonen (plural)
eoontje (diminutive neuter)
eonnetje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Latin aeon, from Ancient Greek αἰών (aiṓn, “age”).


diamant

From Middle Dutch diamant, from Old French diamant, from Medieval Latin and Late Latin diamas, variant of Latin adamas.
The typographic use derives from Dirck Voskens, who first cut it around 1700 and presumably named it by analogy with the larger parel.


lapis lazuli

Borrowed from English lapis lazuli, from Medieval Latin lapis (“stone”) and lazulī (“of the heavens”).


karst

(geology) karst (terrain with caves formed by limestone dissolution by underground drainage)


rug

rug m (plural ruggen, diminutive ruggetje n or rugje n)

ruggen (plural)
ruggetje (diminutive neuter)
rugje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: rug

Jersey Dutch: rœx

Negerhollands: rugge, rigi, rege

From Middle Dutch rugge, from Old Dutch ruggi, from Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz.


horst

horst f (plural horsten, diminutive horstje n)

horsten (plural)
horstje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch horst, from Old Dutch *hurst, from Proto-West Germanic *hursti. Cognate with English horst and German Horst (“horst; eyrie”).

(geology) an area of the earth's surface which is raised relative to surrounding land; a horst


ader

ader f or m (plural aders or aderen, diminutive adertje n)

aders (plural)
aderen (plural)
adertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: aar

Negerhollands: ader, aar

→ Papiamentu: ader, ardu

From Middle Dutch ādere, from Old Dutch *āthera, from Proto-West Germanic *ādrā.


gips

Afrikaans: gips

→ West Frisian: gips

→ Indonesian: gips

→ Japanese: ギプス

→ Korean: 깁스 (gipseu)

Ultimately from Latin gypsum, from Ancient Greek γύψος (gúpsos), probably from a Semitic language.


breuk

breuk f (plural breuken, diminutive breukje n)

breuken (plural)
breukje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: breuk

Negerhollands: breek

desc

→ Indonesian: patahan (“fault”) (semantic loan)

→ Indonesian: pecahan (“fraction”) (semantic loan)

→ Papiamentu: breuk

From Middle Dutch broke, brueke, from Old Dutch *bruki, from Proto-West Germanic *bruki, from Proto-Germanic *brukiz.

De aardbeving veroorzaakte een grote breuk in de aardkorst.

The earthquake caused a major fault in the earth's crust.


krater

nl-noun

krater m (plural kraters, diminutive kratertje n)

kraters (plural)
kratertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: krater

→ West Frisian: krater

Borrowed from Latin crātēr, from Ancient Greek κρᾱτήρ (krātḗr).


Australië

nl-proper noun

Australië n (adjective Australisch, demonym Australiër m or Australische f)

Australisch (adjective)
Australiër (demonym masculine)
Australische (demonym feminine)

Australia (A country in Oceania comprising the islands of Australia, Tasmania and other smaller islands in the Pacific Ocean, as well as a former colony in the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the islands of Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


vulkaan

nl-noun

vulkaan m (plural vulkanen, diminutive vulkaantje n)

vulkanen (plural)
vulkaantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vulkaan

From Middle Dutch vulcaen, from Latin Vulcānus.


Krijt

From krijt. The meaning comes from French Crétacé, this sense was coined by Jean d'Omalius d'Halloy.

Jean d'Omalius d'Halloy
nl:Krijt (periode)


helling

helling f (plural hellingen, diminutive hellinkje n)

hellingen (plural)
hellinkje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch heldinge. Equivalent to hellen + -ing.


strekking

strekking f (plural strekkingen, diminutive strekkinkje n)

strekkingen (plural)
strekkinkje (diminutive neuter)


verwering

verwering f (plural verweringen, diminutive verwerinkje n)

verweringen (plural)
verwerinkje (diminutive neuter)


stroomgebied

stroomgebied n (plural stroomgebieden, diminutive stroomgebiedje n)

stroomgebieden (plural)
stroomgebiedje (diminutive neuter)


afzetting

afzetting f (plural afzettingen, diminutive afzettinkje n)

afzettingen (plural)
afzettinkje (diminutive neuter)

/ˈɑfˌzɛ.tɪŋ/


maaksel

maaksel n (plural maaksels, diminutive maakseltje n)

maaksels (plural)
maakseltje (diminutive neuter)


zuiverheid

From Middle Dutch suverheit. Equivalent to zuiver + -heid.


epicentrum

epicentrum n (plural epicentra or epicentrums, diminutive epicentrumpje n)

epicentra (plural)
epicentrums (plural)
epicentrumpje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: episentrum

→ Indonesian: episentrum

(seismology) epicentre, point above an earthquake's centre


trog

trog m (plural troggen, diminutive trogje n)

troggen (plural)
trogje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch troch, from Old Dutch *trog, from Proto-West Germanic *trog, from Proto-Germanic *trugą, *trugaz (compare West Frisian trôch, English trough, German Trog, Swedish tråg), from Proto-Indo-European *dru-kó (compare Middle Irish drochta (“wooden basin”), Old Armenian տարգալ (targal, “ladle, spoon”)), enlargement of *dóru (“tree”).


mergel

From Old French marle from Late Latin margila, diminutive of marga (“marl”).


klastisch

klastisch (adverbial positive predicative)
klastische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
klastisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
klastische (indefinite plural positive)
klastische (definite positive)
klastisch (partitive positive)

From Ancient Greek κλᾰστός (klăstós) + -isch, from κλάσειν (klásein, “to break”).


zandsteen

Afrikaans: sandsteen

From Middle Dutch santsteen. Equivalent to zand + steen.


siltsteen

nl-noun

siltsteen m (plural siltstenen, diminutive siltsteentje n)

siltstenen (plural)
siltsteentje (diminutive neuter)


schalie

schalie f (plural schaliën or schalies, diminutive schalietje n)

schaliën (plural)
schalies (plural)
schalietje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch schalie, from Old French escaille.


stollingsgesteente

stollingsgesteente n (plural stollingsgesteenten or stollingsgesteentes)

stollingsgesteenten (plural)
stollingsgesteentes (plural)

→ Indonesian: batuan beku (calque)


grondwaterstand

grondwaterstand m (plural grondwaterstanden)


grondwater

grondwater n (plural grondwaters or grondwateren, diminutive grondwatertje n)

grondwaters (plural)
grondwateren (plural)
grondwatertje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: air tanah (calque)


metamorf gesteente

metamorf gesteente n (plural metamorfe gesteenten or metamorfe gesteentes, diminutive metamorf gesteentetje n)

metamorfe gesteenten (plural)
metamorfe gesteentes (plural)
metamorf gesteentetje (diminutive neuter)


kloofdal

kloofdal n (plural kloofdalen, diminutive kloofdalletje n)

kloofdalen (plural)
kloofdalletje (diminutive neuter)

From kloof (“chasm, clough”) + dal (“valley”).


lazuriet

From Medieval Latin lazur (“lapis lazuli”), from Arabic لَازَوَرْد (lāzaward), from Persian لاژورد (lâžvard).


aardmantel

Compound of Aarde (“Earth”) + mantel (“mantle”).


binnenkern

nl-noun

binnenkern f (plural binnenkernen, diminutive binnenkerntje n)

binnenkernen (plural)
binnenkerntje (diminutive neuter)


buitenkern

buitenkern f (plural buitenkernen, diminutive buitenkerntje n)

buitenkernen (plural)
buitenkerntje (diminutive neuter)


aardkorst

Compound of Aarde (“Earth”) + korst (“crust”).


gletsjermolen

gletsjermolen m (plural gletsjermolens, diminutive gletsjermolentje n)

gletsjermolens (plural)
gletsjermolentje (diminutive neuter)


eroderen

eroderen (infinitive)
eroderen (gerund neuter)
erodeer (first-person present singular)
erodeerde (first-person past singular)
erodeert (present second-person singular)
erodeer (present second-person singular)
erodeerde (past second-person singular)
erodeert (formal present second-person singular)
erodeerde (formal past second-person singular)
erodeert (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
erodeert (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
erodeerde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
erodeerde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
erodeert (present singular third-person)
erodeerde (past singular third-person)
eroderen (plural present)
erodeerden (past plural)
erodere (archaic present singular subjunctive)
erodeerde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
eroderen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
erodeerden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
erodeer (imperative present singular)
erodeert (archaic imperative plural present)
eroderend (participle present)
geërodeerd (participle past)

Borrowed from French éroder, from Latin ērōdō.


kwartslaag

kwartslaag f (plural kwartslagen, diminutive kwartslaagje n)

kwartslagen (plural)
kwartslaagje (diminutive neuter)


slenk

slenk f (plural slenken, diminutive slenkje n)

slenken (plural)
slenkje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch slenke (“naturally-formed trench filled with water”), from slenken (“to make diminish”), causative of slinken (“to diminish”).


albiet

Borrowed from German Albit, formed from Latin albus (“white”), the common color of the mineral + -iet.


catastrofisme

From catastrofe + -isme, calque of English catastrophism.

(historical, geology, biology) catastrophism (belief that the Earth's crust and life on Earth are mainly influenced by catastrophes)


graniet

nl-noun

graniet f (plural granieten, diminutive granietje n)

granieten (plural)
granietje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: granit


Dogger

(geology) Dogger, Middle Jurassic, second period of the Jurassic


derrie

From Middle Dutch dari, darrie, darinc. Cognate to Dutch darink.

(now chiefly specialist, geology, geography) peat contaminated with clay


tektoniek

Borrowed from German Tektonik. Attested since the mid nineteenth century.

(geology) tectonics (study of crustal movements and phenomena)


hypocentrum

Afrikaans: hiposentrum

→ Indonesian: hiposentrum


aardbevingshaard

aardbevingshaard m (plural aardbevingshaarden)

Compound of aardbeving (“earthquake”) + -s- + haard (“hearth”).


bevingshaard

Compound of beving (“quake”) + -s- + haard (“hearth”).


bioturbatie

Probably borrowed. Equivalent to bio- + turbatie.

(geology) bioturbation, mixing of soil or sediment by living organisms


kryoturbatie

Probably borrowed. Equivalent to kryo- + turbatie.

(geology) cryoturbation, mixing of soil by freezing and thawing


juveniel

juveniel (adverbial positive predicative)
juveniele (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
juveniel (indefinite neuter positive singular)
juveniele (indefinite plural positive)
juveniele (definite positive)
juveniels (partitive positive)

Borrowed from French juvénile, from Latin iuvenīlis.


erosie

Afrikaans: erosie

→ Indonesian: erosi

→ West Frisian: eroazje

Borrowed from French érosion, from Latin ērōsiō. The geological and figurative senses may have derived from English erosion.


erupteren

erupteren (infinitive)
erupteren (gerund neuter)
erupteer (first-person present singular)
erupteerde (first-person past singular)
erupteert (present second-person singular)
erupteer (present second-person singular)
erupteerde (past second-person singular)
erupteert (formal present second-person singular)
erupteerde (formal past second-person singular)
erupteert (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
erupteert (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
erupteerde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
erupteerde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
erupteert (present singular third-person)
erupteerde (past singular third-person)
erupteren (plural present)
erupteerden (past plural)
eruptere (archaic present singular subjunctive)
erupteerde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
erupteren (archaic plural present subjunctive)
erupteerden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
erupteer (imperative present singular)
erupteert (archaic imperative plural present)
erupterend (participle present)
geërupteerd (participle past)


eruptief

eruptief (adverbial positive predicative)
eruptieve (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
eruptief (indefinite neuter positive singular)
eruptieve (indefinite plural positive)
eruptieve (definite positive)
eruptiefs (partitive positive)

Borrowed from French éruptif. Equivalent to eruptie + -ief.

(geology) eruptive (formed by or pertaining to eruption)


ontsluiting

nl-noun

ontsluiting f (plural ontsluitingen, diminutive ontsluitinkje n)

ontsluitingen (plural)
ontsluitinkje (diminutive neuter)

From ontsluiten (“to unlock, to open up”) + -ing.


cryovulkaan

Calque of English cryovolcano, equivalent to cryo- + vulkaan.

(planetology, geology, volcanology) a volcano on an icy moon or asteroid that ejects volatile materials rather than magma; a cryovolcano


cryovulkanisme

nl-noun

cryovulkanisme m (plural cryovulkanismen)

Calque of English cryovolcanism, equivalent to cryo- + vulkanisme.

(volcanology, planetology, geology) the activity, and associated phenomena, of a cryovolcano – a volcano that ejects volatile materials rather than magma; cryovolcanism


maansteen

maansteen m (plural maanstenen, diminutive maansteentje n)

maanstenen (plural)
maansteentje (diminutive neuter)


sorosilicaat

From Ancient Greek σωρός (sōrós, “heap”) + silicaat.


nesosilicaat

From Ancient Greek νῆσος (nêsos, “island”) + silicaat.


kyaniet

From Ancient Greek κυανός (kuanós, “blue”) + -iet.


malachiet

From French malachite or German Malachit.


fyllosilicaat

From Ancient Greek φύλλον (phúllon, “leaf”) + silicaat.


agglomeraat

agglomeraat n (plural agglomeraten, diminutive agglomeraatje n)

agglomeraten (plural)
agglomeraatje (diminutive neuter)


hematiet

Ultimately from Ancient Greek αἱματίτης (haimatítēs), from Ancient Greek αἷμα (haîma, “blood”).


bentoniet

From English bentonite; equivalent to Benton + -iet.


ablatie

ablatie f (plural ablaties, diminutive ablatietje n)

ablaties (plural)
ablatietje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: ablasi

Borrowed from French ablation, from Late Latin ablātiō.

(geology) ablation (removal of a glacier by melting and evaporation)


deflatie

→ Indonesian: deflasi

→ Malay: deflasi

Borrowed from German Deflation in the late 19th century in the geological sense. The economic sense is from the 1920s and is borrowed from English deflation or French déflation.

(geology) deflation (erosion due to wind)