rotan

rotan m (plural rotans, diminutive rotannetje n)

rotans (plural)
rotannetje (diminutive neuter)
rottang (alternative)
rotting (alternative)

Afrikaans: rottang

desctree

→ French: rotin (from the form rotting)
→ Portuguese: rotim

→ Swedish: rotting (from the form rotting)
→ Finnish: rottinki

Borrowed from Malay rotan. The forms rottang and its alteration rotting predate the current standard form rotan in Dutch, rottang being first attested as early as 1603.


roti

nl-noun

roti m (plural roti's, diminutive rotietje n)

roti's (plural)
rotietje (diminutive neuter)

From Caribbean Hindustani roti, possibly via Sranan Tongo roti, ultimately from Hindi रोटी (roṭī).

(originally Suriname, Netherlands) the Indian Surinamese version of roti; a soft, flexible, unleavened flatbread of about 20-30 centimetres in diameter, usually with a potato or pea filling baked into it

(originally Suriname, Netherlands, metonymic) a dish served on or with a roti, usually consisting of a serving of chicken or duck curry and a serving of stewed vegetables, such as potatoes, yardlong beans, pumpkin or aubergine


reflector

reflector m (plural reflectors or reflectoren, diminutive reflectortje n)

reflectors (plural)
reflectoren (plural)
reflectortje (diminutive neuter)

reflector (reflecting disk on the rear of a vehicle; chiefly a bicycle)


lende

lende f (plural lenden or lendenen, diminutive lendetje n)

lenden (plural)
lendenen (plural)
lendetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: lende

Skepi Creole Dutch: lent

From Middle Dutch lenden, from Old Dutch lendin, from Proto-Germanic *landį̄.


lende

lende m (plural lenden or lendenen, diminutive lendetje n)

From Middle Dutch lende, shortening of *gelende, an unattested variant form of gelande, from lant (“land”).


zot

zot m (plural zotten, diminutive zotje n)

tlb

(today mostly restricted to Belgium and colloquial Southern Netherlands)

zotten (plural)
zotje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: sot

From Middle Dutch sot, a borrowing from Old French sot, from Medieval Latin sottus, of unknown origin. Possibly an expressive interjection, similar to modern French zut! (“damn it!”).
Compare Old English sott (“foolish, stupid”), English sot, modern French sot.

onomatopoeic

expressive


pret

nl-noun

pret f (uncountable, diminutive pretje n)

Afrikaans: pret

→ Papiamentu: prèt

Related to prat (“proud”) and English prat.


fiche

(Belgium) form (blank template on paper)

(information science) card, like a punch card, microfiche or file card


mistel

mistel m (plural mistels, diminutive misteltje n)

mistels (plural)
misteltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch mistel, from Old Dutch *mistil, from Proto-West Germanic *mistil, from Proto-Germanic *mistilaz.

(archaic) synonym of maretak (“mistletoe, Viscum album”)


lacher

lacher m (plural lachers, diminutive lachertje n)

lachers (plural)
lachertje (diminutive neuter)

Straffen van raddraaiers zijn een lacher als er al wordt opgetreden.

Punishments for troublemakers are a joke if any action is taken at all.


huur

huur c (plural huren, diminutive huurtje n)

huren (plural)
huurtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: huur

Negerhollands: huur

→ Papiamentu: hür

→ Sranan Tongo: yuru (see there for further descendants)

From Middle Dutch hûre, from Old Dutch *hūra, from Proto-West Germanic *hūʀiju.

De huur van het appartement is inclusief alle nutsvoorzieningen.

The rent of the apartment includes all utilities.


autogyro

(less common) Official spelling of autogiro


autogiro

autogiro's (plural)
autogyro (alternative)


kozak

kozak m (plural kozakken, diminutive kozakje n)

kozakken (plural)
kozakje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle French cosaque, from Russian каза́к (kazák) and Ukrainian коза́к (kozák), from a Turkic word meaning “free man, wanderer”. Cognate with Kazakh.


ruggengraat

ruggengraat f or m (plural ruggengraten, diminutive ruggengraatje n)

ruggengraten (plural)
ruggengraatje (diminutive neuter)
ruggegraat (alternative)
ruggraat (alternative archaic)

/ˈrʏ.ɣəˌɣraːt/

(figuratively) backbone, fundamental support, core of an organization


geïnteresseerde

geïnteresseerde m or f (plural geïnteresseerden)

one who is interested, an interested party


schede

schede f (plural scheden or schedes, diminutive schedetje n)

scheden (plural)
schedes (plural)
schedetje (diminutive neuter)
scheede (alternative archaic)

Negerhollands: skeed

From Middle Dutch schêde, from Old Dutch *skētha, from Proto-West Germanic *skaiþiju, from Proto-Germanic *skaiþiz.
Cognate with Low German scheed, German Scheide, English sheath, Danish skede, Norwegian skjede, Icelandic skeið.


saus

saus f (plural sausen or sauzen, diminutive sausje n)

sausen (plural)
sauzen (plural)
sausje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: sous

→ Indonesian: saus

→ Papiamentu: sous

From Middle Dutch sause, from Old French sauce, from Latin salsus (“salt”).

sauce (liquid condiment, usually of more than watery consistency)


gastvrijheid

From gastvrij (“hospitable”) + -heid (“-ness”).


heks

nl-noun

heks f (plural heksen, diminutive heksje n)

heksen (plural)
heksje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: heks

→ Papiamentu: hèks

From Middle Dutch hexe (15th c.), borrowed from Early Modern German Hexe. Displaced native Middle Dutch hagetisse. Both ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *hagatussjā.

(figurative, derogatory) witch (term of abuse for a woman)


slager

slager m (plural slagers, diminutive slagertje n)

slagers (plural)
slagertje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch slager. Equivalent to slaan + -er.

Je wilt niet dat de slager zijn eigen vlees keurt.

You don't want a butcher to assess his own meat. (i.e., judgment of one's own work is unreliable due to bias)

butcher (one who prepares and sells meat and meat products)


beenhouwer

beenhouwer m (plural beenhouwers, diminutive beenhouwertje n)

beenhouwers (plural)
beenhouwertje (diminutive neuter)

From been (“bone”) + houwen (“to hew”) + -er.

(chiefly southern) butcher, who professionally sells (and often prepares) meat products


burgemeester

burgemeester m (plural burgemeesters, feminine burgemeesteres)

burgemeesters (plural)
burgemeesteres (feminine)
burgermeester (alternative)

Afrikaans: burgemeester

→ English: burgomaster

→ French: bourgmestre

From Middle Dutch borchmeester, borgermeester. This form represents a compound of burg (“burgh, town”) + meester (“master”), but forms with -r- are influenced by burger (“citizen”). The earliest attestations lack the -r-.

com

mayor, burgomaster (head of a city or municipality)

kleine burgemeester
kleine burgemeester#Dutch

synonym of kleine burgemeester (“Larus glaucoides”)

grote burgemeester
grote burgemeester#Dutch

synonym of grote burgemeester (“Larus hyperboreus”)


poos

nl-noun

poos f (plural pozen, diminutive poosje n)

pozen (plural)
poosje (diminutive neuter)
pooze (alternative obsolete)
poze (alternative)

Afrikaans: poos

From Middle Dutch pose, from Old French pose, from Latin pausa. Doublet of pauze and pausa.

undefined period of time, an indefinite period

(dated, now only in fixed expressions or limited contexts) pause, interruption


heksenketel

heksenketel m (plural heksenketels, diminutive heksenketeltje n)

heksenketels (plural)
heksenketeltje (diminutive neuter)

From heks (“witch”) + -en- + ketel (“kettle, cauldron”).


filiaal

nl-noun

filiaal n (plural filialen, diminutive filiaaltje n)

filialen (plural)
filiaaltje (diminutive neuter)

branch, as a location of an organization with several locations


eva

eva f (plural eva's, diminutive evaatje n)

eva's (plural)
evaatje (diminutive neuter)

From Eva (“Eve”), referring to the fig leaves the postlapsarian Eve wore to cover her vulva in the Biblical story.


spuitbus

spuitbus f or m (plural spuitbussen, diminutive spuitbusje n)

spuitbussen (plural)
spuitbusje (diminutive neuter)


tetrarch

tetrarch m (plural tetrarchen, diminutive tetrarchje n)

tetrarchen (plural)
tetrarchje (diminutive neuter)

Learned borrowing from Latin tetrarchēs, from Ancient Greek τετράρχης (tetrárkhēs), from τετρα- (tetra-, “four”) + -άρχης (-árkhēs, “ruler, leader”).

a tetrarch (governor or ruler of a quarter of a country)

a tetrarch (one of the four members of a jointly ruling tetrarchy)

a tetrarch (officer in charge of a fourth part of a phalanx in Ancient Greece)


Agatha

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀγαθή (Agathḗ), from Ancient Greek ἀγαθός (agathós, “good”).

a female given name from Ancient Greek, equivalent to English Agatha


kokos

Borrowed from Spanish coco or Portuguese coco. The final s was originally a plural ending.

the white flesh of the coconut, often in a desiccated form


kokos

kokossen (plural)
coco (alternative obsolete)


reservist

Borrowed from French réserviste. Equivalent to reserve + -ist.


holebi

holebi m or f (plural holebi's, diminutive holebietje n)

holebi's (plural)
holebietje (diminutive neuter)

Blend of homoseksueel + lesbisch + biseksueel. Originated in Belgian Dutch.

blend

(chiefly Belgium) collective name for homosexuals, lesbians and bisexuals; lesbigay; LGB


lijdend voorwerp

nl-noun

lijdend voorwerp n (plural lijdende voorwerpen, diminutive lijdend voorwerpje n)

lijdende voorwerpen (plural)
lijdend voorwerpje (diminutive neuter)


cabotage

→ Indonesian: kabotasê


broche

broche f or n (plural broches, diminutive brocheje n or brochetje n)

broches (plural)
brocheje (diminutive neuter)
brochetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: bros


waypoint

waypoint n (plural waypointen, diminutive waypointje n)

waypointen (plural)
waypointje (diminutive neuter)


kunde

From Middle Dutch conde, cunde, from Old Dutch *kundi, from Proto-Germanic *kundīn.


pipet

pipet f or n (plural pipetten, diminutive pipetje n)

pipetten (plural)
pipetje (diminutive neuter)


ganu

ganu's (plural)
ganoe (alternative)
gannoe (alternative)


arbitrage

→ Indonesian: arbitrase

Unadapted borrowing from French arbitrage.


puf

nl-noun

puf m (plural puffen, diminutive pufje n)

puffen (plural)
pufje (diminutive neuter)

Wie heeft een puf gezakt?


vot

vot f (plural votten, diminutive votje n)

votten (plural)
votje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Middle Low German vut, from Old Saxon *fut, from Proto-West Germanic *futi (“vulva, uterus”).

der

(archaic, Southern) butt, buttocks, posterior


stolp

nl-noun

stolp f (plural stolpen, diminutive stolpje n)

stolpen (plural)
stolpje (diminutive neuter)
stulp (alternative)

→ Indonesian: setolop, senter

→ Min Nan: 實刀洛／实刀洛 (si̍t-to-lo̍h, “wall-lamp”)

→ Papiamentu: stulp (dated)

From Middle Dutch stolpe; also confer the verb stolpen (“to cover”), related to stelpen (“to stanch”). Cognates include German Stulpe and possibly Old Norse stolpi.


kei

kei m (plural keien, diminutive keitje n)

keien (plural)
keitje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch key, keye, from Old Dutch *kei (in toponym keidīk (“Keidijk”)), perhaps from Proto-West Germanic *kagi (compare kegel (“cone”)), from Proto-Germanic *kagiz.


polonaise

polonaise (music accompanying this dance)

an informal dance, similar to a conga line, where a chain of people is formed, each placing their hands on the shoulders of the person in front of them


komma

komma f (plural komma's, diminutive kommaatje n)

komma's (plural)
kommaatje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: komma

→ Indonesian: koma

→ Papiamentu: kòma

→ Sranan Tongo: koma

→ West Frisian: komma

Borrowed from French comma, from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).


drog

From Middle Dutch droch, ultimately from the second element of bedriegen (“to deceive”).

droch (alternative obsolete)
drogh (alternative obsolete)


tölt

a particular gait of a horse, particularly Icelandic ones


ketel

ketel m (plural ketels, diminutive keteltje n)

ketels (plural)
keteltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ketel

Berbice Creole Dutch: ketle

Jersey Dutch: kêtel

Negerhollands: keetel, kitl

→ Caribbean Javanese: kètèl

→ Indonesian: ketel

→ Papiamentu: ketel

→ Sranan Tongo: ketre

→ Saramaccan: ketè

From Middle Dutch ketel, from Old Dutch *ketil, from Proto-Germanic *katilaz, from Late Latin catillus.

kettle, cauldron (a pot used to boil water)


besogne

besogne f (plural besognes, diminutive besognetje n)

besognes (plural)
besognetje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch besoenge, from Old French besoign.

everyday occupation, daily concern, daily business (that which occupies someone on an everyday basis)


vlas

→? Mahican: pnax

From Middle Dutch vlas, from Old Dutch *flas, from earlier *flahs, from Proto-Germanic *flahsą, from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold, plait, weave”); thus distantly related to vlechten.

der

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum#Translingual


moker

nl-noun

moker m (plural mokers, diminutive mokertje n)

mokers (plural)
mokertje (diminutive neuter)

Skepi Creole Dutch: moker

→ Lokono: mokoro

→ Caribbean Hindustani: mokro

→ Munsee: móokul

→ Papiamentu: mòkel, mòklo (Aruba), mukel, moker

→ Unami: mòkël

From dialectal German Möker (“maul hammer”). Compare Swedish måkare, Finnish moukari.


pekel

→? English: pickle

→ French: pickles

→ Greek: πίκλα (píkla)

→ Irish: picil

→ Korean: 피클 (pikeul)

→ Maltese: pikles

→ Welsh: picil

→? German: Pökel

→ Papiamentu: pekel

→ Walloon: pike, péke

From Middle Dutch peeckel, pekele. Etymology uncertain. The word is originally restricted to Dutch, Low German and Frisian. A relation with French piquer, piquant is sometimes supposed.
Cognate with Limburgish paekel, West Flemish pekel, Zealandic pekel, Middle Low German pekel, West Frisian pekel.


pepel

pepel m (plural pepels, diminutive pepeltje n)

pepels (plural)
pepeltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch pepel, from Latin pāpiliō (“butterfly”).


constante

→ Indonesian: konstanta

constant, non-variable factor or quantity


rek

rek n (plural rekken, diminutive rekje n)

rekken (plural)
rekje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Javanese: règ

→ Papiamentu: rèki


maillot

maillot n or m (plural maillots, diminutive maillotje n)

maillots (plural)
maillotje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French maillot (“shirt, leotard”).


smet

smet m or f (plural smetten, diminutive smetje n)

smetten (plural)
smetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: smet

From Middle Dutch smette, smitte, from Old Dutch *smitta, from Proto-West Germanic *smittā. Cognate with English smit, English smut, German Schmitz and German Schmutz.

(figuratively) an imperfection, a stain on something otherwise clean and pure


kaalgat

kaalgat m (plural kaalgaten, diminutive kaalgaatje n)

kaalgaten (plural)
kaalgaatje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of kaal (“bald, bare”) + gat (“hole”).

(obsolete, figuratively) an extremely poor person, a poor sod


kramp

kramp f (plural krampen, diminutive krampje n)

krampen (plural)
krampje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: krampu

→ Caribbean Hindustani: krampu

→ Indonesian: keram

→ Papiamentu: kram, kramp

From Middle Dutch crampe, from Old Dutch *crampo, from Frankish *krampa, from Proto-Germanic *krampô, related to *krampō.


truc

truc m (plural trucs or truken, diminutive trucje n)

trucs (plural)
truken (plural)
trucje (diminutive neuter)


smak

smak c (plural smakken, diminutive smakje n)

smakken (plural)
smakje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch smacken, of imitative origin. See also German schmatzen, English smack, and smash.

onomatopoeic

imitative


sier

Dat is allemaal voor de sier!


souper

nl-noun

souper m (plural soupers, diminutive soupertje n)

soupers (plural)
soupertje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French souper (“evening meal”).

a dinner, the main meal taken in the evening


helle

(archaic) genitive/dative singular of hel


ruis

sound or signal generated by random fluctuations; static


tolk

tolk m (plural tolken, diminutive tolkje n)

tolken (plural)
tolkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: tolk

→ Fanagalo: tolik (or via Zulu)

→ Caribbean Hindustani: tolak

→ Caribbean Javanese: toleg

desc

<i class="Latn mention" lang="ms">tolok</i>

→ Malay: تولوق (tolok)

> Indonesian: tolok (inherited)

From Middle Dutch tolic, from Middle High German tolk, from Old East Slavic тълкъ (tŭlkŭ), толкъ (tolkŭ), from Proto-Slavic *tъlkъ.

an interpreter, one who translates/interprets speech in another language and vice versa


tolk

tolken (plural)
tolkje (diminutive neuter)
tullik (alternative)

(obsolete) a sailors' term for a (folding) rule to measure bolt holes


processor

nl-noun

processor m (plural processors or processoren, diminutive processortje n)

processors (plural)
processoren (plural)
processortje (diminutive neuter)


mam

mam f (plural mammen, diminutive mammetje n)

mammen (plural)
mammetje (diminutive neuter)


bevel

bevel n (plural bevelen, diminutive bevelletje n)

bevelen (plural)
bevelletje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: befeel

From Middle Dutch beveel. Equivalent to a deverbal from bevelen.
Compare German Befehl.


paruresis

the inability to urinate in the presence of others: paruresis


nikkel

nikkel m (plural nikkels or nikkelen, diminutive nikkeltje n)

nikkels (plural)
nikkelen (plural)
nikkeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: nikkel

→ Caribbean Javanese: nèkel

→ Japanese: ニッケル


bons

bons m (plural bonzen, diminutive bonsje n)

bonzen (plural)
bonsje (diminutive neuter)


bons

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


combi

nl-noun

combi m (plural combi's, diminutive combietje n or combieke n)

combi's (plural)
combietje (diminutive neuter)
combieke (diminutive neuter)

Either shortened from combinatiewagen or combinatie, or borrowed from German Kombi, used in Volkswagen Kombi (whence also Afrikaans kombi and South African English kombi).


oord

oord n (plural oorden, diminutive oordje n)

oorden (plural)
oordje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch ort, oort, from Old Dutch ort, from Proto-West Germanic *oʀd, from Proto-Germanic *uzdaz.

Hij vond een rustig oord in de bergen om te mediteren.

He found a peaceful place in the mountains to meditate.

Het dorpje is een idyllisch oord voor een ontspannen vakantie.

The village is an idyllic place for a relaxing vacation.


penning

penning m (plural penningen, diminutive penninkje n)

penningen (plural)
penninkje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: penning

→ Indonesian: péning

→ Papiamentu: penning

From Middle Dutch penninc, from Old Dutch pennink, from Proto-Germanic *panningaz.

(historical) a small coin, usually made of silver but later also of gold; penny


woestijn

woestijn f (plural woestijnen, diminutive woestijntje n)

woestijnen (plural)
woestijntje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: woestyn

Negerhollands: woestyne, wusteine

→ Papiamentu: wustein

From Middle Dutch woestine, from Old Dutch wuostinna, from Proto-West Germanic *wōstini. Cognate with German Wüste, English waste.

desert (environmental area with very little precipitation)


spiritualist

Probably borrowed. Equivalent to spiritueel + -ist.

(historical, Christianity) Spiritualist (dissident Christian stressing communion with the Holy Spirit and moral improvement through sanctification while rejecting the outwardly church, without necessarily separating from the Roman Catholic Church)


stede

hier ter stede

(archaic) genitive/dative singular of stad


stede

stede f (plural steden or stedes, diminutive stedetje n)

steden (plural)
stedes (plural)
stedetje (diminutive neuter)

(archaic or in compounds) alternative form of stad


stoom

Afrikaans: stoom

→ Indonesian: setom, setum

→ Papiamentu: stoom (dated)

→ West Frisian: stoom

From Middle Dutch *stôom, from Old Dutch *stōm, from Proto-West Germanic *staum, from Proto-Germanic *staumaz.


streng

streng f or m (plural strengen, diminutive strengetje n)

strengen (plural)
strengetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: strèn

From Proto-Germanic *strangiz, from Proto-Indo-European *strengʰ-. Compare Low German Strenge, German Strang, English string, Danish streng.

string, twined object, as most ropes or cords


reçu

reçu n (plural reçu's, diminutive reçuutje n)

reçu's (plural)
reçuutje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: resi


leguaan

leguaan f (plural leguanen, diminutive leguaantje n)

leguanen (plural)
leguaantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: likkewaan

Berbice Creole Dutch: linggwana

→ German: Leguan

→ Sranan Tongo: legwana

→ Caribbean Hindustani: lagwáná

Borrowed from Spanish iguana, with assimilation of the Spanish definite article (rebracketing of la iguana), from Taíno *iwana.

an iguana; lizard of the family Iguanidae; historically also including members of the Iguania


silicium

Borrowed from English silicium, from Latin silicium, from silex (“flint”).

silicon (chemical element with atomic number 14)


equipe

Borrowed from French équipe, from Middle French esquipe.

(cycling, Netherlands) sports team, especially in cycling and horse-racing


hocus pocus

hocus pocus pilatus pas (alternative interjection)


wis

wis f or m (plural wissen, diminutive wisje n)

wissen (plural)
wisje (diminutive neuter)

Inherited from Middle Dutch wisch, from Old Dutch *wisk, from Proto-Germanic *wiskaz (“bundle of straw, hay”).


duodecimo

nl-noun

duodecimo n (plural duodecimo's, diminutive duodecimootje n)

duodecimo's (plural)
duodecimootje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Latin in duodecimō (“in a twelfth”), from duodecimus (“twelfth”).

a size of paper, so called because it is originally made by folding and cutting a single sheet from a printing press into 12 leaves; (5 by 7¾ inches): 6.5 to 7.5 inches high, approximately 4.5 inches wide

a page of that size; hence, a whole book having pages of that size


belladonna

belladonna f or m (plural belladonna's, diminutive belladonnaatje n)

belladonna's (plural)
belladonnaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Italian belladonna (bella donna, literally “beautiful lady”), altered by folk etymology from Medieval Latin blādōna (“nightshade”), from Gaulish *blātōnā, blātunā, from Proto-Celtic *blātus (“flower”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰléh₃tus, from *bʰleh₃- (“blossom, flower”).

bor

<i class="Latn mention" lang="it">bella donna</i>

Atropa belladonna
Atropa belladonna#Translingual

synonym of wolfskers (“deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)”)


astronomie

→ Indonesian: astronomi

From Middle Dutch astronomie, from Latin astronomia, from Ancient Greek ἀστρονομία (astronomía), ἄστρον (ástron, “star”) + νόμος (nómos, “law”). Equivalent to astro- + -nomie.

astronomy, the natural science branch studying the physical universe beyond Earth's atmosphere


planeet

nl-noun

planeet f (plural planeten, diminutive planeetje n)

planeten (plural)
planeetje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch planete, from Old French planete, from Late Latin planēta, from Ancient Greek πλανήτης (planḗtēs, “wanderer”).


racer

Borrowed from English racer. Equivalent to racen + -er.


practicum

nl-noun

practicum n (plural practica, diminutive practicumpje n)

practica (plural)
practicumpje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: praktikum


humeur

humeur n (plural humeuren, diminutive humeurtje n)

humeuren (plural)
humeurtje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: humeer

→ Papiamentu: himeur (dated)

From Middle Dutch humuere, from Old French humor, humour, from Latin hūmor. Doublet of humor.


sightseeing

Unadapted borrowing from English sightseeing.


oester

nl-noun

oester f (plural oesters, diminutive oestertje n)

oesters (plural)
oestertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: oester

→ Papiamentu: uster, oester, hustu

→⇒ Russian: у́стрица (ústrica) (see there for further descendants)

From Middle Dutch oester, from Latin ostrea, from Ancient Greek ὄστρεον (óstreon).

oyster (mollusc of the family Ostreidae)


blok

blok n (plural blokken, diminutive blokje n)

blokken (plural)
blokje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: blok

Berbice Creole Dutch: bloko

→ Caribbean Javanese: blog

→ Indonesian: blok

→ Papiamentu: blòki, blokki (from the diminutive)

From Middle Dutch blok, from Old Dutch *blok, from Proto-Germanic *blukką.


pancetta

pancetta f (plural pancetta's, diminutive pancettatje n)

pancetta's (plural)
pancettatje (diminutive neuter)


retour

retour n (plural retouren, diminutive retourtje n)

retouren (plural)
retourtje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: retur


champignon

champignon m (plural champignons, diminutive champignonnetje n)

champignons (plural)
champignonnetje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French champignon, from Middle French champignon.

Agaricus bisporus
Agaricus bisporus#Translingual

a champignon, a button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus


fust

fust n (plural fusten, diminutive fustje n)

fusten (plural)
fustje (diminutive neuter)

From earlier fuste (“type of wine barrel”), from Middle Dutch fuust (“barrel”), borrowed from Old French fust (“wine barrel, piece of wood”), from Latin fusta, fustum (“block of wood, barrel”), from earlier fustis (“cludgel”). Cognate with English fust.


vaart

nl-noun

vaart f (plural vaarten, diminutive vaartje n)

vaarten (plural)
vaartje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vaart

From Middle Dutch vāert, from Old Dutch farth, fard, from Proto-West Germanic *fardi, from Proto-Germanic *fardiz. Equivalent to varen (“to travel by boat”) + -t (“verbal noun”).

suffix

Ze gingen op een vaart langs de Rijn.

Tijdens de zomermaanden is een vaart op het meer erg populair.

During the summer months, a voyage on the lake is very popular.

De vaart naar het tropische eiland was adembenemend.

The trip to the tropical island was breathtaking.

De auto nam in vaart toe toen hij de heuvel af reed.

The car increased in speed as it drove down the hill.

De projecten gaan met grote vaart vooruit.

The projects are progressing at a rapid rate.

Zijn enthousiasme gaf het project de nodige vaart.

His enthusiasm gave the project the necessary momentum.

De vaart was bezaaid met kleurrijke boten.

The canal was dotted with colorful boats.

Veel huizen in Amsterdam kijken uit op een vaart.

Many houses in Amsterdam overlook a canal.

Dit is een belangrijke vaart voor de lokale handel.

This is an important waterway for local trade.

De vaart van goederen was essentieel voor de stadseconomie.

The navigation of goods was essential for the city's economy.

Met de komst van nieuwe schepen bloeide de vaart op.

With the arrival of new ships, trade flourished.

De havenstad heeft altijd een rijke geschiedenis van vaart gehad.

The port city has always had a rich history of navigation.


valk

nl-noun

valk f or m (plural valken, diminutive valkje n)

valken (plural)
valkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: valk

From Middle Dutch valke, from Old Dutch *falco, from Proto-West Germanic *falkō, from Proto-Germanic *falkô.

a falcon, bird of the family Falconidae, in particular of the genus Falco


venster

venster n (plural vensters, diminutive venstertje n)

vensters (plural)
venstertje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: venster
→ Fanagalo: festel
→ Sotho: fenstere
→ Xhosa: ifestile
→ Zulu: ifasitela

Berbice Creole Dutch: fensre

Jersey Dutch: väänster, fäängster

Negerhollands: fenter, venstu, venster

Sranan Tongo: fensre

Aukan: fensee

Saramaccan: fensë

→ Caribbean Javanese: fénsré

→ Kari'na: fensere

→ Lokono: penster

From Middle Dutch venster, venstre, veinster, from Old Dutch fenstar, from Latin fenestra. The computing sense is a loan translation of English window.


stracciatella

Borrowed from Italian stracciatella, from stracciare (“to rip, to tear up”), of ultimate Latin origin.


augurk

nl-noun

augurk f or m (plural augurken, diminutive augurkje n)

augurken (plural)
augurkje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: augurk, augurki (dated)

→ Sranan Tongo: angorki, ogorki

→ Aukan: angooki

[ˌɑu̯ˈɣʏ.rək]

Borrowed from Low German augurk, from a Slavic source (compare Polish ogórek, Lithuanian agurkas, Russian огурец (ogurec)). Possibly ultimately from Byzantine Greek ἀγγούριον (angoúrion, “small cucumber”).

der

gherkin (small cucumber that is usually pickled)


treeplank

nl-noun

treeplank c (plural treeplanken, diminutive treeplankje n)

treeplanken (plural)
treeplankje (diminutive neuter)


heulen

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


kabeljauw

nl-noun

kabeljauw m (plural kabeljauwen, diminutive kabeljauwtje n)

kabeljauwen (plural)
kabeljauwtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kabeljou
→ English: kabeljou

From Middle Dutch cabelliau, from Old Dutch *cabillao, possibly from Latin baculum (“stick, staff”), referring to the way cod were split and dried on wooden sticks. Or, with metathesis from/influenced by Basque bakailao (“cod”), Portuguese bacalhau (“cod”).

(particularly) Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)


kaai

kaai f (plural kaaien, diminutive kaaitje n)

kaaien (plural)
kaaitje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch caey, possibly via Old French cai from Proto-Celtic *kayos.


kooi

kooi f (plural kooien, diminutive kooitje n)

kooien (plural)
kooitje (diminutive neuter)
kouw (alternative dialectal)

Afrikaans: kooi

Negerhollands: kooi

→ Aukan: koi

→ Catalan: coi

→ Caribbean Hindustani: koi

→ Papiamentu: koi, kouchi, kouwtsje

desctree

→ Russian: ко́йка (kójka)
→ Ingrian: koikka, koika

→ Spanish: coy

→ Danish: køje

From Middle Dutch coye, ultimately from Latin cavea. Compare German Koje.

Zij houdt samen met haar man kanaries in een kooi.

She keeps canaries in a cage together with her husband.

De visser lag al in zijn kooi.

The fisherman was already lying in his bunk.


kurk

nl-noun

kurk n (plural kurken, diminutive kurkje n)

kurken (plural)
kurkje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch curc, from Spanish corcho, ultimately from Latin cortex.


kurk

kurk m (plural kurken, diminutive kurkje n)

Afrikaans: kurk

Berbice Creole Dutch: korku

Negerhollands: koruk

→ Aukan: koluku

→ Caribbean Hindustani: korku

→ Japanese: コルク

→ Papiamentu: kòrki, kurki


kraft

(chiefly Holland) obsolete form of kracht


haakbus

haakbus m (plural haakbussen, diminutive haakbusje n)

haakbussen (plural)
haakbusje (diminutive neuter)


gouvernement

gouvernement n (plural gouvernementen, diminutive gouvernementje n)

gouvernementen (plural)
gouvernementje (diminutive neuter)

desc

→ Caribbean Javanese: gupermèn, gupernemèn

→ Indonesian: gubernemen

colonial government, part of the governance apparatus of a country that governs colonial territories

provincial or local government; seat of provincial government


matroos

nl-noun

matroos m (plural matrozen, diminutive matroosje n)

matrozen (plural)
matroosje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: matroos

→ Lokono: matoroso

→ Caribbean Javanese: matrus

→ Danish: matros

→ English: matross

→ German: Matrose

→ Hungarian: matróz

→ Indonesian: matros

→ Japanese: マドロス

→ Papiamentu: matros, matroos

desctree

→ Russian: матро́с (matrós)
→ Ukrainian: матро́с (matrós)
→ Uzbek: matros
→ Turkmen: matros

→ Sranan Tongo: matrosi

→ Swedish: matros

→ Finnish: matruusi

→ West Frisian: matroas

From Middle French matelots pl (“sailors”), from Old French matenot (“sailor, bunkmate”), most likely from Middle Dutch mattenoot (“bunk fellow”) or less likely Old Norse mǫtunautr (“food companion”).


ober

nl-noun

ober m (plural obers, diminutive obertje n)

obers (plural)
obertje (diminutive neuter)

From German Ober, short for Oberkellner (“head waiter”). Compare Dutch kelner, which is also borrowed from German. In both Dutch and German, the distinction between ober/Ober and kelner/Kellner is now neglected.

Ober, mag ik de menukaart alstublieft?

De obers waren druk bezig met het serveren van de gasten.

The waiters were busy serving the guests.

Dat obertje was erg behulpzaam en vriendelijk.

That young waiter was very helpful and friendly.


stoker

stoker m (plural stokers, diminutive stokertje n)

stokers (plural)
stokertje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch stoker. Equivalent to stoken + -er.

agitator, one who sows division or discord


labo

labo n (plural labo's, diminutive labootje n)

labo's (plural)
labootje (diminutive neuter)
lab (alternative)


kwakzalver

kwakzalver m (plural kwakzalvers, diminutive kwakzalvertje n)

kwakzalvers (plural)
kwakzalvertje (diminutive neuter)
quacksalver (alternative)
quackzalver (alternative)
kwaksalver (alternative)

→ English: quacksalver

⇒ English: quack

→ German: Quacksalber

→ Swedish: kvacksalvare

From kwakzalven + -er, from kwak (“quack”) + zalven (“to anoint”). Also compare quacken, kwaken (“to prattle”).

(generalised) a swindler, cheater, fraud, hustler


stro

stro n (uncountable, diminutive strootje n)

From Middle Dutch strô, from Old Dutch *strō, from Proto-West Germanic *strau, from Proto-Germanic *strawą.


reiger

reiger m (plural reigers, diminutive reigertje n)

reigers (plural)
reigertje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch reiger, from Old Dutch heigero, from Frankish *hraigrō, from Proto-Germanic *hraigrô.


watten

watten pl (plural only, diminutive watjes n)


wafel

wafel m (plural wafels, diminutive wafeltje n)

wafels (plural)
wafeltje (diminutive neuter)

Inherited from Middle Dutch wafel, wafele, wavel, from Old Dutch *wāvila, from Proto-Germanic *wēbilǭ, *wēbilō, possibly related to Proto-Indo-European *webʰ- (“to braid, weave”) (whence Dutch weven (“to weave”) and English weave).


werf

nl-noun

werf m (plural werven, diminutive werfje n)

werven (plural)
werfje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch werf. Related to werven. Compare English wharf.

(regional, Southern, Belgian Dutch) short for bouwwerf (“building site”)

field of interest and action, chapter on a to do list


werf

From Middle Dutch werf, warf, from Old Dutch *warf, from Proto-West Germanic [Term?]. Cognate with Old Saxon hwarba, Old High German -warf, Old Frisian hwarf, hwerf. Related to werven in its original meaning of "to turn" (compare the frequentative verb wervelen and the noun wervel, and see *hwerban); the semantic development is analogous to that between keer and keren, and see English turn.

Hij sprak twee werf tot de menigte.


graal

From Old French graal, greal (“cup”), from Medieval Latin gradalis, possibly corrupted over time from Latin crater (“bowl”).


anomalie

anomalie f (plural anomalieën, diminutive anomalietje n)

anomalieën (plural)
anomalietje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: anomali

Borrowed from French anomalie, from Ancient Greek ἀνωμαλία (anōmalía, “disaccord”).


schouw

nl-noun

schouw f (plural schouwen, diminutive schouwtje n)

schouwen (plural)
schouwtje (diminutive neuter)

Unclear. Possibly derived from schouden, schouwen (“to wash with hot water”).

unk

Unclear


schouw

From Middle Dutch schoude, from Old Dutch *scalda.


tuigen

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


interviewer

nl-noun

interviewer m (plural interviewers, diminutive interviewertje n)

interviewers (plural)
interviewertje (diminutive neuter)


rund

rund n (plural runderen, diminutive rundje n)

runderen (plural)
rundje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch runt, from Old Dutch *rund, from Proto-Germanic *hrunþaz.

Je bent een rund als je met vuurwerk stunt.

You're an idiot if you mess around with fireworks.


salade

salade f (plural salades, diminutive saladetje n)

salades (plural)
saladetje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: salae, sala

→ Munsee: shuláash

→ Indonesian: selada

desctree

→ Javanese: ꦱꦼꦭꦠ꧀ (selat)
→ Indonesian: selat

Borrowed from Middle French salade, from Italian salata.

salad (a food made primarily of a mixture of raw ingredients, typically vegetables)

Bij welcke missive vernemende hare veelvoudige siecken ende grooten noodt om verversinge, lieten datelijck een mande met salade ende 2 goede sacken vol cool gereet maecken, daer se
den 9en do., fraij labber uijtte N.Westen coelende, 'smorgens vroegh weder mede na boort sonden, nevens 't navolgende briefken, luijdende van woorde te woorde als volcht:

1654 July 8, Jan van Riebeeck, Daghregister, part 1, page 238:

Learning by means of this missive of their manifold sickpeople and great need for refreshment, [we] immediately let a basket of lettuce and 2 good bags full of cabbage be prepared, so that [we] / sent them along, on the 9th of the same month, [the wind] blowing rather softly from the North West, on board again in the early morning, beside the following letter, reading word by word as follows:


salade

salades (plural)
sallade (alternative obsolete)

From Middle Dutch salade, from Middle French salade, from Old French salade.

a sallet, a salade (certain type of round helmet)


nakomeling

nl-noun

nakomeling m (plural nakomelingen, diminutive nakomelingetje n)

nakomelingen (plural)
nakomelingetje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch nācōmelinc. Equivalent to nakomen + -e- + -ling.


nectarine

nectarine f (plural nectarines, diminutive nectarinetje n)

nectarines (plural)
nectarinetje (diminutive neuter)


catwalk

catwalk (narrow elevated stage on which models parade)


papaver

papaver f (plural papavers, diminutive papavertje n)

papavers (plural)
papavertje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch papaver, from Latin papāver.

papaver, poppy, plant of the genus Papaver

several kinds of narcotic drugs made from the poppy


dicht

dicht n (plural dichten, diminutive dichtje n)

dichten (plural)
dichtje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch dicht. See the verb dichten (“to compose a poem”).


bede

bede f (plural beden or bedes, diminutive bedetje n)

beden (plural)
bedes (plural)
bedetje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch bede, from Old Dutch beda. See the verb bidden.

(historical) a tax that was presented to lower-level governments as a petition for a lump sum; raising the tax was left to the lower-level governments


dwang

Afrikaans: dwang

Negerhollands: twang

→ Indonesian: paksaan (semantic loan)

From Middle Dutch dwanc, from Old Dutch *thwang, from Proto-West Germanic *þwangi, from Proto-Germanic *þwangiz.

De verdachte beweerde dat hij handelde onder dwang en bedreiging.

The suspect claimed that he acted under coercion and threat.

Het gebruik van dwang wordt algemeen veroordeeld in de samenleving.

The use of compulsion is generally condemned in society.

Onder invloed van dwang gaf hij toe aan de eisen van zijn ontvoerders.

Under the influence of compulsion, he yielded to the demands of his kidnappers.


julienne

(cooking) the cutting technique of cutting food into thin strips

(cooking) julienne, French cut (food that has been cut in julienne)


dagdromer

dagdromer m (plural dagdromers, diminutive dagdromertje n)

dagdromers (plural)
dagdromertje (diminutive neuter)
dagdroomer (alternative archaic)


noodzaak

noodzaak f (plural noodzaken, diminutive noodzaakje n)

noodzaken (plural)
noodzaakje (diminutive neuter)


indringer

indringer m (plural indringers, diminutive indringertje n)

indringers (plural)
indringertje (diminutive neuter)


tij

From older tijde, from getijde, which see.


termijn

termijn m (plural termijnen, diminutive termijntje n)

termijnen (plural)
termijntje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: tèrmin

op korte termijn

op lange termijn


opgave

opgave f (plural opgaven, diminutive opgavetje n or opgaafje n)

opgaven (plural)
opgavetje (diminutive neuter)
opgaafje (diminutive neuter)
opgaaf (alternative)

Afrikaans: opgaaf

→ English: opgaaf

→ West Frisian: opgaaf

Verbal noun of opgeven. By surface analysis, op (“up”) + gave (“gift, giving”). The sense “task” is generally regarded as a semantic loan from German Aufgabe.

surf

the act of stating, declaring, indicating (e.g. data in a form)


jaloezie

nl-noun

jaloezie f (plural jaloezieën, diminutive jaloezietje n)

jaloezieën (plural)
jaloezietje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch jalosie, from Old French jalosie, from jalous.


jaloezie

→ Papiamentu: yalusi (Aruba)

From Middle French jalousie, from Old Italian gelosia.


immuniteit

Borrowed from French immunité. Equivalent to immuun + -iteit.


schaak

Afrikaans: skaak

→ Indonesian: sekak

→ Javanese: ꦱꦼꦏꦏ꧀ (sekak)

→ Papiamentu: skaf, skak, schaak

From Middle Dutch schaec, from Old French escac or directly from Medieval Latin scaccus, from Arabic شَاه (šāh), from Classical Persian شاه (šāh, “king”).


bestraling

bestraling f (plural bestralingen, diminutive bestralinkje n)

bestralingen (plural)
bestralinkje (diminutive neuter)


dualiteit

dualiteit f (plural dualiteiten, diminutive dualiteitje n)

dualiteiten (plural)
dualiteitje (diminutive neuter)


fatsoen

fatsoen n (plural fatsoenen, diminutive fatsoentje n)

fatsoenen (plural)
fatsoentje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: fatsoen

→ Indonesian: fatsun

Negerhollands: fatsoen

Petjo: fatsoen

From late Middle Dutch fatchoen, faetsoen, from Old French façon, from Latin factiōnem. Cognate with English fashion.

(dated, dialectal, countable) model, design, shape


bekwaamheid

bekwaamheid f (plural bekwaamheden, diminutive bekwaamheidje n)

bekwaamheden (plural)
bekwaamheidje (diminutive neuter)

/bəˈkʋaːmˌɦɛi̯t/

competence, capability, skill, adeptness


bekommernis

bekommernis f (plural bekommernissen, diminutive bekommernisje n)

bekommernissen (plural)
bekommernisje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: bekommernis


goudsmid

goudsmid m (plural goudsmeden, diminutive goudsmidje n)

goudsmeden (plural)
goudsmidje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: goud smit

→ Sranan Tongo: gowtusmeti


zilversmid

zilversmid m (plural zilversmeden, diminutive zilversmidje n)

zilversmeden (plural)
zilversmidje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: silversmid

From Middle Dutch silversmit. Equivalent to zilver + smid.


edelmoedigheid

edelmoedigheid f (plural edelmoedigheden)


heiligschennis

heiligschennis f (plural heiligschennissen, diminutive heiligschennisje n)

heiligschennissen (plural)
heiligschennisje (diminutive neuter)

From heilig (“holy”) + schennis (“desecration”).


kracht

nl-noun

kracht f (plural krachten, diminutive krachtje n)

krachten (plural)
krachtje (diminutive neuter)
kraft (alternative)

Afrikaans: krag

Negerhollands: kracht, kragt

desc

→ Indonesian: gaya (“force”, literally “power, strength”) (semantic loan)

→ Sranan Tongo: krakti

→ Aukan: kaakiti

→ Caribbean Javanese: krakti

→ Saramaccan: kaákiti

From Middle Dutch cracht, from Old Dutch craft, from Proto-West Germanic *kraftu, from Proto-Germanic *kraftuz.


lokaas

nl-noun

lokaas n (plural lokazen, diminutive lokaasje n)

lokazen (plural)
lokaasje (diminutive neuter)


ingenieur

ingenieur m (plural ingenieurs, diminutive ingenieurtje n)

ingenieurs (plural)
ingenieurtje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: insinyur

/ˌɪŋ.ɣeːˈnjøːr/


initiaal

initiaal f or m (plural initialen, diminutive initiaaltje n)

initialen (plural)
initiaaltje (diminutive neuter)

From French initial, from Latin initiālis (“of the beginning, incipient, initial”).

der

drop cap, initial, a large, usually ornate first letter in a manuscript or printed text


leesbaarheid

De leesbaarheid van deze tekst is erg slecht vanwege het kleine lettertype.

The legibility of this text is very poor due to the small font size.

Bij het ontwerpen van deze brochure is het belangrijk om rekening te houden met de leesbaarheid van de teksten.

When designing this brochure, it's important to consider the legibility of the texts.

De leesbaarheid van een boek kan van invloed zijn op hoeveel mensen het willen lezen.

The readability of a book can influence how many people want to read it.


onbezonnenheid

nl-noun

onbezonnenheid f (plural onbezonnenheden, diminutive onbezonnenheidje n)

onbezonnenheden (plural)
onbezonnenheidje (diminutive neuter)


speleoloog

speleoloog m (plural speleologen, diminutive speleoloogje n, feminine speleologe)

speleologen (plural)
speleoloogje (diminutive neuter)
speleologe (feminine)


immigratie

Afrikaans: immigrasie

→ Caribbean Javanese: imigrasi

→ Indonesian: imigrasi


druivensap

druivensap n (plural druivensappen, diminutive druivensapje n)

druivensappen (plural)
druivensapje (diminutive neuter)


druif

druif f (plural druiven, diminutive druifje n)

druiven (plural)
druifje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: drufje

→ Aukan: doloifi

→ Papiamentu: drùif, dreif, dreifi

→ Sranan Tongo: droifi

→ Caribbean Hindustani: droifi

→ Caribbean Javanese: droifi

From Middle Dutch druve, from Old Dutch thrūva, from Proto-West Germanic *þrūbō (“grape”).


vijg

vijg f (plural vijgen, diminutive vijgje n)

vijgen (plural)
vijgje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vy

Negerhollands: vigie (from the diminutive)

From Middle Dutch vige, from Old Dutch fīga.

(particularly) Ficus carica or fig tree, which yields the edible fruit commonly known as fig


bloemkool

bloemkool m or f (plural bloemkolen, diminutive bloemkooltje n)

bloemkolen (plural)
bloemkooltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: blomkool

desctree

→ Danish: blomkål
→ Faroese: blómkál
→ Greenlandic: blomkåli
→ Icelandic: blómkál

→ Indonesian: blumkol

desc

→ Indonesian: bunga kol, kembang kol (calque) (calque)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: blomkål

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: blomkål

→ Papiamentu: blumkol

→ Swedish: blomkål

From bloem + kool, calque of Italian cavolfiore or calque of Middle French chou-fleur, which also comes from Italian cavolfiore.

Voor dit gerecht wordt de bloemkool geroerbakt met kruiden.

The cauliflower is fried alongside spices for this dish.

Ik heb hele grote bloemkolen.

(colloquial, chiefly plural) large breast, melon, bazonga (often modified with adjectives or phrases indicating a large size)


bloesem

nl-noun

bloesem m (plural bloesems, diminutive bloesempje n)

bloesems (plural)
bloesempje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: bloesem

From Middle Dutch bloesem, bloeseme, (also bloesene), from Old Dutch *bluostmo, from Proto-Germanic *blōstmô. Compare Old English blostma ( > English blossom), Middle Low German blossem, blosem (“blossom”), Middle High German bluost (“blossom”). More at blossom.


pruim

pruim f or m (plural pruimen, diminutive pruimpje n)

pruimen (plural)
pruimpje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: pruim

Negerhollands: pruum, prim, plim

→ Papiamentu: preimu, pruim

From Middle Dutch prume, from Old Dutch *prūma. A variant of *plūma, from Proto-West Germanic *plūmā, from Latin prūnum, from Ancient Greek προῦμνον (proûmnon).

Prunus domestica
Prunus domestica#Translingual

a plum tree, one of certain trees of the genus Prunus, especially Prunus domestica

Hieronymus van Alphen, "De pruimeboom".
Jantje zag eens pruimen hangen, / o! als eieren zo groot. / 't Scheen, dat Jantje wou gaan plukken, / schoon zijn vader 't hem verbood.

Little Jan once saw plums (or vulvas; see below) hanging / oh! so big as eggs. / it seemed that little Jan was going to pluck them / though his father forbade him that.

John O'Mill (Johan van der Meulen), "Pruimejantje".
Jantje zag eens pruimen hangen / Oh, als eieren zo groot; / De tuinman zag zijn bolle wangen / Sloeg de vuile gapper dood.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


bloedhond

bloedhond m (plural bloedhonden, diminutive bloedhondje n)

bloedhonden (plural)
bloedhondje (diminutive neuter)

From bloed (“blood”) + hond (“dog, hound”). The use for a scenthound and the figurative senses (16th c.) are native; compare German Bluthund, Middle Low German blôthunt. The use for the specific breed (late 19th c.) after English bloodhound.

(figurative) someone skilled in finding people; skilled or persistent tracker or stalker


bloemlezing

bloemlezing f (plural bloemlezingen, diminutive bloemlezinkje n)

bloemlezingen (plural)
bloemlezinkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: bloemlesing

→ Indonesian: bunga rampai (calque)

From bloem (“flower”) + lezing (“reading”), a calque of Latin florilegium, itself a calque of Ancient Greek ἀνθολογία (anthología), from ἄνθος (ánthos, “flower”) + -λογία (-logía, “reading”).


uil

uil m or f (plural uilen, diminutive uiltje n)

uilen (plural)
uiltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: uil

→ Caribbean Hindustani: ullu

From Middle Dutch ule, from Old Dutch *ūwila, *ūwala, *ūla, from Proto-Germanic *uwwalǭ, diminutive of *uwwǭ (“eagle-owl”), of imitative origin or a variant of *ūfaz, *ūfǭ.

onomatopoeic

imitative

's Avonds zitten er uilen in de boom bij de buren.

In the evening there are owls in the neighbours' tree.

Veel uilen hebben typerende uilvlekken.

Many owlet moths have characteristic wing marks.

Deze kleurrijke uiltjes eten nectar en uitwerpselen.

These colourful butterflies eat nectar and excrement.

Die uil van Minerva spreidt zich over zijn vleugel bij het vallen van de avond.

That nutter from the Oxford Union lies down to mount his grand piano when the night falls.


arend

nl-noun

arend m (plural arenden, diminutive arendje n)

arenden (plural)
arendje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: arend

Negerhollands: arend

From Middle Dutch aernt, from earlier aren, from Old Dutch *aro, from Proto-West Germanic *arō, from Proto-Germanic *arô.

eagle, large bird of prey of the family Accipitridae


merel

merel m (plural merels, diminutive mereltje n)

merels (plural)
mereltje (diminutive neuter)
meerle (alternative archaic)

From Middle Dutch merle, meerle, from Old Dutch *merla, from Latin merula. Compare Luxembourgish Märel, regional German Merle.

Turdus merula
Turdus merula#Translingual


mees

mees f (plural mezen, diminutive meesje n)

mezen (plural)
meesje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch mêse, from Old Dutch *mēsa, from Proto-West Germanic *maisā, from Proto-Germanic *maisǭ (“chickadee, titmouse”).

inh

De mees zat op een tak te zingen.

Hij zag een mees in zijn tuin.

Ze voedt de mezen in de winter met vogelzaad.

She feeds the tits in the winter with bird seed.


meester

nl-noun

meester m (plural meesters, diminutive meestertje n)

meesters (plural)
meestertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: meester

Berbice Creole Dutch: mesre

Jersey Dutch: mêster

Negerhollands: meester

Skepi Creole Dutch: maester

→ Caribbean Javanese: mèster

→ Indonesian: mester

→ Papiamentu: meester

→ Saramaccan: më́sítë

From Middle Dutch mêester, from Old Dutch *mēster, from Vulgar Latin *maester, from Latin magister.

a schoolteacher, notably in primary education

a manager, person put in charge of something

a holder of an academic master degree, especially in law

a title or rank in certain organisations, such as guilds or lodges


ooievaar

ooievaar m (plural ooievaars or ooievaren, diminutive ooievaartje n)

ooievaars (plural)
ooievaren (plural)
ooievaartje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ooievaar

From Middle Dutch odevare. Related to Low German adebar, West Frisian earrebarre, all possibly from Proto-Germanic *ōdaborǭ or *ōdaborą.

Ciconia ciconia
Ciconia ciconia#Translingual

(particularly) white stork (Ciconia ciconia)


wesp

wesp f (plural wespen, diminutive wespje n)

wespen (plural)
wespje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: wesp

From earlier Modern Dutch wespe, from Middle Dutch wespe, from Old Dutch *wespa, with metathesis from Proto-West Germanic *wapsu, from Proto-Germanic *wepsō-, from Proto-Indo-European *wóbʰseh₂ (“wasp”), from *webʰ- (“weave”).
Cognate with German Wespe, Low German Wösp, English wasp.

wasp (various insects of the order Hymenoptera, especially of the superfamily Vespoidea)


vrachtwagen

vrachtwagen m (plural vrachtwagens, diminutive vrachtwagentje n)

vrachtwagens (plural)
vrachtwagentje (diminutive neuter)

→ Sranan Tongo: fraktiwagi

From Middle Dutch vrachtwagen. Equivalent to vracht + wagen. Compare English freightwagon, West Frisian frachtwein (“truck, lorry”), German Frachtwagen, Swedish fraktvagn (“cargo truck”).

cog

(archaic) freightwagon, cart for transporting loads


geloofwaardigheid

nl-noun

geloofwaardigheid f (plural geloofwaardigheden)


gelijkwaardigheid

gelijkwaardigheid f (plural gelijkwaardigheden)


gelijkmatigheid

gelijkmatigheid f (plural gelijkmatigheden)


gebrekkigheid

gebrekkigheid f (plural gebrekkigheden, diminutive gebrekkigheidje n)

gebrekkigheden (plural)
gebrekkigheidje (diminutive neuter)

/ɣəˈbrɛ.kəxˌɦɛi̯t/


droogte

Afrikaans: droogte

From Middle Dutch droochte. Equivalent to droog + -te.

De droogte heeft de oogst dit jaar sterk beïnvloed.

The drought has greatly affected the harvest this year.

Er zijn maatregelen genomen vanwege de aanhoudende droogte.

Measures have been taken due to the persistent drought.

De boeren vrezen nog een jaar van droogtes.

The farmers fear another year of droughts.


weerbarstigheid

weerbarstigheid f (plural weerbarstigheden, diminutive weerbarstigheidje n)

weerbarstigheden (plural)
weerbarstigheidje (diminutive neuter)


wedergeboorte

wedergeboorte f (plural wedergeboorten or wedergeboortes)

wedergeboorten (plural)
wedergeboortes (plural)

desc

Negerhollands: weergeboorte, wedergeboorte, wegeboorte

From Middle Dutch wedergeboorte. Equivalent to weder (“again”) + geboorte (“birth”).


wedstrijd

nl-noun

wedstrijd m (plural wedstrijden, diminutive wedstrijdje n)

wedstrijden (plural)
wedstrijdje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Javanese: wètstrèt

From wed (“bet”) + strijd (“fight”), as a calque of German Wettstreit (“competition”). The German word has never been common in the sense of an organised match or contest, however. This sense, therefore, must have developed in Dutch either independently or as a calque of another German word, namely Wettkampf.


waarheid

nl-noun

waarheid f (plural waarheden, diminutive waarheidje n)

waarheden (plural)
waarheidje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: waarheid

Negerhollands: waarheit, waerheit

From Middle Dutch waerhede, from Old Dutch wārheit, wārheid, wārheide, from Proto-West Germanic *wārahaidu. Equivalent to waar + -heid.


waardigheid

Negerhollands: waardigheit


samentrekking

samentrekking f (plural samentrekkingen, diminutive samentrekkinkje n)

samentrekkingen (plural)
samentrekkinkje (diminutive neuter)


kapel

kapel f (plural kapellen, diminutive kapelletje n)

kapellen (plural)
kapelletje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kapel

Berbice Creole Dutch: kampele

→ Indonesian: kapel

→ Papiamentu: kapèl, kapel

→ Sranan Tongo: kapelka

From Middle Dutch capelle, ultimately from Latin cappella.

waar God een kerk sticht, daar bouwt de duivel een kapel

chapel, small Christian place of worship

(uncommon) shrine, small non-Christian temple or sanctuary


kerk

kerk f (plural kerken, diminutive kerkje n)

kerken (plural)
kerkje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: kerk
→ Fwe: n-kèrékè
→ Herero: okereka
→ Kwanyama: onggeleka
→ Phuthi: ikereke
→ Shona: kirike
→ Sotho: kereke
→ Venda: gereke

Berbice Creole Dutch: kirki, kerki

Jersey Dutch: kêrk

Negerhollands: kerk, kirk

→ Virgin Islands Creole: kerek (dated)

→ Lokono: kerki

→ Papiamentu: kèrki (from the diminutive)

→ Sranan Tongo: kerki

→ Caribbean Hindustani: kerki

→ Caribbean Javanese: kèrki

→ Kari'na: keleke

→ Saramaccan: kéíki

From Middle Dutch kerke, from Old Dutch kirica, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, an early borrowing from Ancient Greek κυριακόν (kuriakón).

(occasionally capitalized) church, confessional religious organization

church, temple, non-Christian house of worship


kathedraal

nl-noun

kathedraal f (plural kathedralen, diminutive kathedraaltje n)

kathedralen (plural)
kathedraaltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: katedraal

→ Indonesian: katedral

From Middle Dutch cathedrael, from Middle French cathedral, from Latin cathedrālis. Originally an adjective, used as a noun as early as late Middle Dutch.


klooster

klooster n (plural kloosters, diminutive kloostertje n)

kloosters (plural)
kloostertje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch clôoster, from Old Dutch *clōster, post-West Germanic borrowing from Medieval Latin claustrum.


druiper

druiper m (plural druipers, diminutive druipertje n)

druipers (plural)
druipertje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: drep

a falling drop of liquid or its dried-up result


kardinaal

kardinaal m (plural kardinalen, diminutive kardinaaltje n)

kardinalen (plural)
kardinaaltje (diminutive neuter)
cardinaal (alternative obsolete)

From Middle Dutch cardinael, from Latin cardinālis (episcopus).

cardinal (high-ranking official in the Catholic Church, Prince of the Church)


paus

paus m (plural pausen, diminutive pausje n)

pausen (plural)
pausje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: pous

Sranan Tongo: pawsu

→ Malay: paus

Indonesian: paus

From Middle Dutch paus, paues, pauwes, from Old French papes (compare German Papst), from Medieval Latin pāpa (“bishop, pope”), from Ancient Greek πάπας (pápas, “bishop”), variant of πάππας (páppas, “father”), of imitative origin. Doublet of paap.


kapitaal

kapitaal n or c (plural kapitalen, diminutive kapitaaltje n)

kapitalen (plural)
kapitaaltje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: kapital

From Italian capitale, from Latin capitālis (“of the head”) (in sense “head of cattle”), from caput (“head”).


luidspreker

luidspreker m (plural luidsprekers, diminutive luidsprekertje n)

luidsprekers (plural)
luidsprekertje (diminutive neuter)

From luid + spreker, a calque of English loudspeaker.


lasterpraat

lasterpraat m (uncountable, diminutive lasterpraatje n)


pompelmoes

pompelmoes f or m (plural pompelmoezen, diminutive pompelmoesje n)

pompelmoezen (plural)
pompelmoesje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Javanese: jeruk pompelmus

→ Dhivehi: ބަނބުޅަބޮސް (baᵐbuḷabos)

→ English: pompelmous

→ French: pamplemousse

→ German: Pampelmuse

→ Italian: pompelmo

→ Sinhalese: බංබලෝසි (baṁbalōsi)

Uncertain. Possibly from pompoen (“pumpkin”) or pompel (“big, swollen”) + limoes, a variant of limoen modeled after Portuguese limões (“citrus, lemons”). Another explanation is a gradual corruption of Portuguese pomos limões (“citrus fruit”).

der

Citrus maxima
Citrus maxima#Translingual

(Netherlands) pomelo (fruit of the tree Citrus maxima)


landeigenaar

nl-noun

landeigenaar m (plural landeigenaren, diminutive landeigenaartje n)

landeigenaren (plural)
landeigenaartje (diminutive neuter)


laan

laan f (plural lanen, diminutive laantje n)

lanen (plural)
laantje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch laen, lane, from Old Dutch *lana, from Proto-Germanic *lanō. More at lane.


oneindigheid

oneindigheid f (plural oneindigheden, diminutive oneindigheidje n)

oneindigheden (plural)
oneindigheidje (diminutive neuter)


eeuwigheid

eeuwigheid f (plural eeuwigheden, diminutive eeuwigheidje n)

eeuwigheden (plural)
eeuwigheidje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ewigheid

Negerhollands: eewigheit, ewigheid

/ˈeːu̯.əxˌɦɛi̯t/

From Middle Dutch ewicheit. Equivalent to eeuwig + -heid.

De sterrenhemel herinnert ons aan de oneindige schoonheid van de eeuwigheid.

The starry sky reminds us of the infinite beauty of eternity.

In sommige religieuze overtuigingen gaat de ziel na de dood over in de eeuwigheid.

In some religious beliefs, the soul transcends into eternity after death.

Liefde kan een gevoel van eeuwigheid creëren, alsof de tijd stilstaat.

Love can create a sense of eternity, as if time stands still.

De dichter schreef over de ongrijpbare aard van de eeuwigheid.

The poet wrote about the elusive nature of eternity.

Het schilderij vangt de emoties en gevoelens van de kunstenaar voor de eeuwigheid.

The painting captures the artist's emotions and feelings for eternity.

Voor sommigen is het concept van de eeuwigheid moeilijk te bevatten.

For some, the concept of eternity is hard to grasp.


ongedierte

(collective) vermin, pests, harmful or undesirable animals

(figuratively, derogatory, offensive) undesirable people


ongehoorzaamheid

ongehoorzaamheid f (plural ongehoorzaamheden, diminutive ongehoorzaamheidje n)

ongehoorzaamheden (plural)
ongehoorzaamheidje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ongehoorsaamheid

Negerhollands: ongehoorsaamheit

→ West Frisian: ûngehoorsaamheid

/ˌɔn.ɣəˈɦɔːr.zaːm.ɦɛi̯t/

From Middle Dutch ongehoorsamheit, from Old Dutch *ungihōrsamhēd, from Proto-West Germanic *ungahauʀisamahaidu. Equivalent to ongehoorzaam + -heid.

Ongehoorzaamheid kan leiden tot straf op school.

Disobedience can lead to punishment at school.

De ongehoorzaamheden van de jeugd verontrustten de ouderen.

The disobediences of the youth worried the elders.

Hij werd geprezen voor zijn ongehoorzaamheidje tegen het onrechtvaardige regime.

He was praised for his small act of disobedience against the unjust regime.


kanker

kanker m (plural kankers, diminutive kankertje n)

kankers (plural)
kankertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kanker

→ Caribbean Javanese: kangker

→ Indonesian: kanker

→ Minangkabau: kangker

→ Papiamentu: kanker

→ Sranan Tongo: kanker

From Middle Dutch canker, from Latin cancer.

(figurative) cancer, something harmful that festers and spreads elsewhere


zonneschijn

zonneschijn m (uncountable, diminutive zonneschijntje n)

Afrikaans: sonskyn

From Middle Dutch sonnenschijn. Equivalent to zon + -e- + schijn.


smeltwater

Compound of smelten + water. First attested in the seventeenth century.


niemandsland

niemandsland n (plural niemandslanden, diminutive niemandslandje n)

niemandslanden (plural)
niemandslandje (diminutive neuter)


gemeenschap

gemeenschap f (plural gemeenschappen, diminutive gemeenschapje n)

gemeenschappen (plural)
gemeenschapje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: gemeenskap

Negerhollands: gemeenskap

From Middle Dutch gemeenschap, related to German Gemeinschaft and Low German Gemeenschop. Equivalent to gemeen + -schap.

Parlement van de Franse Gemeenschap

gemeenschap van goederen


neveneffect

neveneffect n (plural neveneffecten, diminutive neveneffectje n)

neveneffecten (plural)
neveneffectje (diminutive neuter)


catechist

→ Indonesian: katekis


rus

rus m (plural russen, diminutive rusje n)

russen (plural)
rusje (diminutive neuter)
resch (alternative obsolete)
risch (alternative obsolete)
rosch (alternative obsolete)
ruisch (alternative obsolete)
rusch (alternative obsolete)

From Middle Dutch rusch, rosch, from Old Dutch *rusk. The Juncaceae plants may constitute a parallel etymology, all ultimately deriving from Proto-West Germanic *ruskijā.

a sod, turf of soil, grass, reed or other vegetation


rus

russen (plural)
rusje (diminutive neuter)


ket

ket m (plural ketten, diminutive ketje n)

ketten (plural)
ketje (diminutive neuter)
ked (alternative)
kedde (alternative)
kid (alternative)
kidde (alternative)

From Middle Dutch *kitte, from Old Dutch kitto (“fawn, kid”), from Proto-West Germanic *kittō (“fawn, chit”). Compare English chit. Compare also West Frisian kedde (“pony”), English, Swedish and Danish kid, German Kitz and Kitze, Albanian kedh and kec.


graver

nl-noun

graver m (plural gravers, diminutive gravertje n, feminine graafster)

gravers (plural)
gravertje (diminutive neuter)
graafster (feminine)

From Middle Dutch grāvere. Equivalent to graven + -er.


tombe

tombe f (plural tombes or tomben, diminutive tombetje n)

tombes (plural)
tomben (plural)
tombetje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch tombe, from Old French tombe, from Latin tumba, from Ancient Greek τύμβος (túmbos).


aad

1855, "Boterbereiding", Tijdschrift voor nijverheid en landbouw in Nederlandsch-Indië, Vol. 2, Part 2 (extracts from Dutch and foreign magazines), page 21, quoting De Nijverheid of March 1854.
Zij nu, die uitsluitend den room willen karnen, moeten de melk korter laten bekoelen, daar zij anders te veel beroomd, en de te veel beroomde melk, in de aden overgegoten, minder room afscheidt, dan wanneer zij minder beroomd is. De melk 1 à 2 etmalen in de aden gestaan hebbende, neemt men den room met een zeer dun houten bord, dat vooraf in koud water gelegen heeft, van de melk af, en brengt hem in een molkenvat over, dat men tot aan het karnen in den kelder plaatst; is echter de room niet koud genoeg, dan koelt men hem eerst nog af, voor dat hij in het vat gegoten wordt.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

In de friesche kelders, waar men de aden op eene melkstelling rond den kelder plaatst, heeft elke aad een gemiddelde inhoud van 20 ad 25 liters, bij een oppervlak ½ □ M. zoodat men per koe ééne aad kan rekenen.

1871, Overzicht der boerenplaatsenbouw in Nederland, page 66:

(rare) shallow oval tub or tray used for acquiring cream from milk


projector

projector m (plural projectoren or projectors, diminutive projectortje n)

projectoren (plural)
projectors (plural)
projectortje (diminutive neuter)

Probably borrowed from English projector or German Projektor.


beton

Afrikaans: beton

→ Caribbean Javanese: béton

→ Indonesian: beton

→ Javanese: ꦧꦼꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ (beton)

→ Papiamentu: betòn

Borrowed from French béton (“concrete”), from Latin bitūmen (“asphalt”), see there for more.


cabochon

Audio


garo

garo m (plural garo's, diminutive garootje n)

garo's (plural)
garootje (diminutive neuter)


nak

nak c (plural nakken, diminutive nakje n)

nakken (plural)
nakje (diminutive neuter)

(slang) a bump or small line of an insufflated drug


nok

nok f (plural nokken, diminutive nokje n)

nokken (plural)
nokje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: nòk

→ Sranan Tongo: noko

→ Caribbean Hindustani: noko

From Middle Dutch nocke, possibly ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *hnakkô (“back of the neck”); the meanings "neck", "top", "hook" all merged into each other. Likely related to English nock and nook; see there for more, as well as Faroese nakkur (“steep promontory”).


basalt

→ Indonesian: basal

Borrowed from French basalte, from Middle French basalte, from Late Latin basaltes, a misspelling of Latin basanites, from Ancient Greek βασανίτης (basanítēs), from βάσανος (básanos, “touchstone”), from Egyptian bḫn (“a hard stone”).


aks

aksen (plural)
aaks (alternative dated)
akst (alternative archaic literary)

Negerhollands: aks

→ Sranan Tongo: aksi

From Middle Dutch aex, from Old Dutch acus.


faveur

nl-noun

faveur f (plural faveuren, diminutive faveurtje n)

faveuren (plural)
faveurtje (diminutive neuter)


golfbreker

golfbreker m (plural golfbrekers, diminutive golfbrekertje n)

golfbrekers (plural)
golfbrekertje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of golf (“wave”) + breker (“breaker”).

(proscribed) transversal dam built on a sandbeach to slow its erosion


wachtwoord

wachtwoord n (plural wachtwoorden, diminutive wachtwoordje n)

wachtwoorden (plural)
wachtwoordje (diminutive neuter)


uitzaaiing

uitzaaiing f (plural uitzaaiingen, diminutive uitzaaiinkje n)

uitzaaiingen (plural)
uitzaaiinkje (diminutive neuter)


fauteuil

fauteuil m (plural fauteuils, diminutive fauteuiltje n)

fauteuils (plural)
fauteuiltje (diminutive neuter)

Unadapted borrowing from French fauteuil. Doublet of faldistorium and vouwstoel.


retraite

nl-noun

retraite c (plural retraites, diminutive retraitetje n)

retraites (plural)
retraitetje (diminutive neuter)


parterre

parterre m or n (plural parterres or parterren)


paternoster

paternoster m or n (plural paternosters, diminutive paternostertje n)

paternosters (plural)
paternostertje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch paternoster, from Latin Pater noster.

(Roman Catholicism) a rosary, a paternoster


patroon

patroon m or f (plural patroons or patronen, diminutive patroontje n)

patroons (plural)
patronen (plural)
patroontje (diminutive neuter)

Skepi Creole Dutch: patron

From Middle Dutch patroon, from Medieval Latin patrōnus.


patroon

patroon n (plural patronen, diminutive patroontje n)

patronen (plural)
patroontje (diminutive neuter)

→ Aukan: patoon

→ Papiamentu: patronchi (from the diminutive)

From Middle Dutch patroon, from Old French patron (“model”), from Latin patrōnus.


patroon

patroon f (plural patronen, diminutive patroontje n)

→ Caribbean Javanese: patrum

→ Indonesian: patrun

From German Patrone, ultimately from Latin patrōnus.


bomen

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


tristesse

nl-noun

tristesse f (plural tristesses, diminutive tristessetje n)

tristesses (plural)
tristessetje (diminutive neuter)


radiometer

radiometer m (plural radiometers, diminutive radiometertje n)

radiometers (plural)
radiometertje (diminutive neuter)


ratatouille

Learned borrowing from French ratatouille, from Occitan ratatolha. The French is analysable as a derivative of touiller (“to stir”), from Latin tudiculare (“to grind, to mix”). Doublet of the popular borrowing ratjetoe.

lbor

ratatouille: a traditional French Provençal stewed vegetable dish consisting primarily of tomatoes, zucchini and eggplant, with other ingredients


terrarium

nl-noun

terrarium n (plural terraria or terrariums, diminutive terrariumpje n)

terraria (plural)
terrariums (plural)
terrariumpje (diminutive neuter)

From Latin terra (“earth”) + -arium, by analogy with aquarium.


tabascosaus

tabascosaus c (plural tabascosauzen, diminutive tabascosausje n)

tabascosauzen (plural)
tabascosausje (diminutive neuter)


kati

kati m (plural kati's, diminutive katietje n)

kati's (plural)
katietje (diminutive neuter)
katje (alternative)
katti (alternative)
kattie (alternative)

a weight defined as one-hundredth of a pikol, about 625 (other source: 616.7) grams, used in China, Indonesia and Japan

a leaden box fitting such weight, notably to ship tea


olm

olm m (plural olmen, diminutive olmpje n)

olmen (plural)
olmpje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: olm

From Middle Dutch olm, from Old Dutch (only attested in toponyms), from Proto-Germanic *elmaz.


krater

krater m (plural kraters, diminutive kratertje n)

kraters (plural)
kratertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: krater

→ West Frisian: krater

Borrowed from Latin crātēr, from Ancient Greek κρᾱτήρ (krātḗr).

(archaeology) krater (Ancient Greek vessel)


jerrycan

jerrycan m (plural jerrycans, diminutive jerrycannetje n)

jerrycans (plural)
jerrycannetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: jeriken

→ Petjo: djerriegen

→ North Moluccan Malay: jergen

a jerrycan or similar container, used for fuel or other liquids (especially drinking water) and made of plastic or metal


treffen

treffen n (plural treffens, diminutive treffentje n)

treffens (plural)
treffentje (diminutive neuter)

In de hoofdstad Quito zijn al enkele dagen demonstraties tegen bezuinigingen op de politiesalarissen, waarbij het tot gewapend treffen tussen het leger en de rebellerende agenten is gekomen.

In the capital Quito there have been already, for several days, demonstrations against budget cuts of police salaries, which has led to armed encounters between the military and the rebelling police officers.


leerling

leerling m (plural leerlingen, diminutive leerlingetje n, feminine leerlinge)

leerlingen (plural)
leerlingetje (diminutive neuter)
leerlinge (feminine)

Negerhollands: leerling

(especially) someone formally enrolled for some education: a pupil, student, apprentice, disciple


stempel

stempel m or n (plural stempels, diminutive stempeltje n)

stempels (plural)
stempeltje (diminutive neuter)
when used in senses 2 and 3 (neuter)

→ Caribbean Javanese: setèmpel

→ Indonesian: stempel

→ Papiamentu: stèmpel

Corresponding to stampen (“to stamp”) + -el (suffix denoting instruments), but clearly an early formation judging by the presence of umlaut. Compare Old High German stempfil (German Stempel).

af

(figuratively) any kind of mark or sign of influence


orde

Afrikaans: orde

Negerhollands: ordu

→ Indonesian: orde

From Middle Dutch ordene, from Old French ordene, from Latin ordō, ordinem.

de orde bewaren

state of being ordered, arranged, in line with rules


studie

nl-noun

studie f (plural studies or studiën, diminutive studietje n)

studies (plural)
studiën (plural)
studietje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: studi

From Middle Dutch studie, from Latin studium. Doublet of etude and studio.

the activity of studying (mental effort to learn or acquire knowledge)

a study (tertiary education, usually at an academic level)

a study, preliminary sketch, model ... in preparation for a work of art or as an exercise in a technique


opleiding

opleiding f (plural opleidingen, diminutive opleidinkje n)

opleidingen (plural)
opleidinkje (diminutive neuter)

From opleid (“stem of opleiden”) + -ing.

suffix

stem of <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">opleiden</i>


steun

nl-noun

steun m (plural steunen, diminutive steuntje n)

steunen (plural)
steuntje (diminutive neuter)

unemployment benefit
unemployment benefit

(Netherlands, informal) dole, unemployment benefit


meubel

meubel n (plural meubels or meubelen, diminutive meubeltje n)

meubels (plural)
meubelen (plural)
meubeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: meubel

→ Caribbean Javanese: mébel

→ Indonesian: mebel

→ Sranan Tongo: meibri

From Middle Dutch meubel, from Old French meuble, from Latin rēs mōbilis (“movable object”). Doublet of mobiel.

(figurative) person who has been around in an organization for a very long time


mevrouw

mevrouw f (plural mevrouwen, diminutive mevrouwtje n)

mevrouwen (plural)
mevrouwtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: mevrou

From late Middle Dutch mevrouwe. Equivalent to a univerbation of mijn (“my”) + vrouw (“lady”), formed similar to English milady.


kleren

nl-noun

kleren pl (plural only, diminutive kleertjes n)

Negerhollands: kleer, klėėr

Skepi Creole Dutch: kler

Alternative form of klederen (with regular loss of intervocalic -d-; compare leder / leer), archaic plural form of kleed.

Ik heb nieuwe kleren gekocht.

Haar kleren waren nat van de regen.

De kinderen droegen kleurrijke kleertjes tijdens het feest.

The children wore colorful clothes during the party.


beignet

beignet c (plural beignets, diminutive beignetje n)

beignets (plural)
beignetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Sranan Tongo: benye


rouw

→ Papiamentu: rou

From Middle Dutch rouwe, ruwe, from Old Dutch *reuwa, from Proto-West Germanic *hreuwu. The noun rouw belongs to the verb rouwen.


piloot

piloot m (plural piloten, diminutive pilootje n)

piloten (plural)
pilootje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: pilot

From Middle French pilot, pillot, from Italian piloto, from Late Latin pillottus; perhaps ultimately from Ancient Greek πηδόν (pēdón, “blade of an oar, oar”).


norovirus

nl-noun

norovirus n (plural norovirussen, diminutive norovirusje n)

norovirussen (plural)
norovirusje (diminutive neuter)


soort

Afrikaans: soort

Berbice Creole Dutch: sutu

Jersey Dutch: sôrt

Negerhollands: sort, soort

→ Saramaccan: sóótu

→ Sranan Tongo: sortu


startup

startup m (plural startups, diminutive startupje n)

startups (plural)
startupje (diminutive neuter)
start-up (alternative)

startup (new company or organization or business venture)


maquillage

maquillage m (plural maquillages, diminutive maquillagetje n)

maquillages (plural)
maquillagetje (diminutive neuter)

In een M.A.C.-shop kan je niet alleen de beste make-up producten kopen, maar je kan er ook terecht voor professioneel advies en maquillage.

2014 March 13, Elisabeth Baeten, “SHOP. Top make-up store komt naar Leuven”, in Het Nieuwsblad:


vuvuzela

vuvuzela m (plural vuvuzela's, diminutive vuvuzelaatje n)

vuvuzela's (plural)
vuvuzelaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed shortly before the South African world cup from English vuvuzela, from Zulu vuvuzela.


acidose

(pathology) acidosis (an abnormally increased acidity of the blood)


grammatica

grammatica f (plural grammatica's, diminutive grammaticaatje n)

grammatica's (plural)
grammaticaatje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: gramatika

Negerhollands: grammatica

From Latin grammatica, from Ancient Greek γραμματική (grammatikḗ, “skilled in writing”), from γράμμα (grámma, “line of writing”), from γράφω (gráphō, “write”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerebh- (“to scratch”).

der

grammar (rules for speaking and writing a language)


kade

nl-noun

kade f (plural kades or kaden, diminutive kadetje n)

kades (plural)
kaden (plural)
kadetje (diminutive neuter)
kaai (alternative)

From Middle Dutch cade, later also caey, from a Celtic word for "field, hedge," from Proto-Celtic *kagyom (“enclosure”). The word may have been borrowed through Old French cai.
A hypercorrection of kaai, as the original word was thought to have contained -d-, which tends to be replaced by -j- in many words. Similar hypercorrection can be seen in wijden, beeldhouder.


astma

Afrikaans: asma

→ Indonesian: asma

Borrowed from Latin āsthma, from Ancient Greek ἆσθμα (âsthma).

(pathology) the chronic respiratory disease asthma


wak

wak n (plural wakken, diminutive wakje n)

wakken (plural)
wakje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch wac. Related to wake, from Old Dutch *waka, from Proto-Germanic *wakwō. Probably not identical to this form, however, as both the gender and formation are different: wake and its cognates are feminine ō-stems, while wac is a neuter a-stem. It would therefore have to derive from Proto-Germanic *wakwą, but this form has no other known descendants.
Cognate with Middle Low German wake (German Wake), Old Norse vǫk (Icelandic vök, Swedish vak).

a hole in ice (on the surface of a body of water)


equipage

equipages (plural)
equipagie (alternative obsolete)

Borrowed from French équipage, from Middle French esquipage.

a carriage with draught animals and tack

1612, G. A. Bredero & Reinier Telle, Het vierde deel vande tragedische of claechlijcke historien, fol. 153r.
Daerom sal u lieden als het u belieft wederom moghen keeren tot Gundebert, om hem onsen goeden wille te doen verstaen, maer niet eer, als ghy sien sult, wat Equipage ende volck dat ick op de beenen sal maecken, om te voldoen mijn belofte, op dat ghy mooght ghetuyghen het ghene dat ghy met uwe eygen ooghen ghesien hebt.

(obsolete) the equipment needed for travels


maté

Ilex paraguariensis
Ilex paraguariensis#Translingual

mate (tea-like beverage made with yerba mate)


lila

lila n (plural lila's, diminutive lilaatje n)

lila's (plural)
lilaatje (diminutive neuter)

From French lilas, from lilacs, the plural of lilac.


lila

lila ? (plural lila's, diminutive lilaatje n)

lila's (plural)
lilaatje (diminutive neuter)
lilla (alternative)

From Classical Malay ليلا (“lela, lila”).

a small, even shoulder-portable type of (colonial?) field gun, notably used in the East Indies


remonstrant

remonstrant m (plural remonstranten, diminutive remonstrantje n)

remonstranten (plural)
remonstrantje (diminutive neuter)
Remonstrant (alternative)

→ English: Remonstrant

Borrowed from Latin remōnstrāns. The religious meaning derives from the Remonstrance provided to the States of Holland in 1610, after remonstrantie.


trom

trom f or m (plural trommen, diminutive trommetje n)

trommen (plural)
trommetje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: trom


bron

bron f (plural bronnen, diminutive bronnetje n)

bronnen (plural)
bronnetje (diminutive neuter)
born (alternative dialectal obsolete)

→ Sranan Tongo: bron, blon

From earlier born, from Middle Dutch borne, Old Dutch brunno, from Proto-West Germanic *brunnō, from Proto-Germanic *brunnô.
The inherited word underwent metathesis in Middle Dutch, but this was undone through influence from German Brunnen.


verte

Afrikaans: verte

From Middle Dutch verte. Equivalent to ver + -te.

Ik zie in de verte een huis.

distance (typically not as a physical quantity)


excursie

excursie f (plural excursies, diminutive excursietje n)

excursies (plural)
excursietje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: ekskursi

Borrowed from Latin excursio (“a running out, an inroad, invasion, a setting out, beginning of a speech”), from excurrere (“to run out”), from ex (“out”) + currere (“to run”).


appartement

nl-noun

appartement n (plural appartementen, diminutive appartementje n)

appartementen (plural)
appartementje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: apartemen

Borrowed from French appartement, from Italian appartamento, from Spanish apartamiento.

Het appartement was erg klein.


bouteille

bouteilles (plural)
boetelje (alternative obsolete)
bottelje (alternative obsolete)
boutelje (alternative obsolete)


toren

toren m (plural torens, diminutive torentje n)

torens (plural)
torentje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: toring

Negerhollands: tooren, torm, toorn

→ Aukan: tolen

→ Saramaccan: tolu

From Middle Dutch torre, from Old Dutch turn, from Old French tur, from Latin turris.

(nautical) the fin or sail of a submarine


mangel

mangel n (plural mangels, diminutive mangeltje n)

mangels (plural)
mangeltje (diminutive neuter)


mangel

mangel m (plural mangels, diminutive mangeltje n)

a mangle; a hand-operated device with rollers, for wringing laundry

a mangle; the mangle attached to wringer washing machines, often called the wringer


samosa

samosa f (plural samosa's, diminutive samosaatje n)

samosa's (plural)
samosaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Hindustani سموسہ (samosa) / समोसा (samosā), likely via some intermediary (possibly Caribbean Hindustani samosá), from Classical Persian سنبوسه (sanbōsa /sambōsa/), from Middle Persian *sambōsag.

der

Recept voor , SAMOSA Indiase pittige hapjes, voor bij koffie, thee of borrel.

1970 November 28, “Een pittig hapje [A spicy snack]”, in Algemeen Dagblad:

Recipe for samosa, Indian spicy hors d'oeuvres, to go with coffee, tea, or drinks.

Mikel Munge, onze grote vriend, hoofd van het wildbeschermingskorps in Galole was overgeplaatst naar Ngong in de buurt van Nairobi. Op de klub was er een afscheidsfeest voor hem. Eerst waren er de vele toespraken, en daarna gingen de schalen met geroosterde geit voorbij. Gloeiend hete bloedworst, samoesa's stevig gekruid, en bij dat alles een lekkere slok bier.

1971 March 5, Schrijfkouter, “Erf en akker”, in ZLM Land- en Tuinbouwblad, Goes: Maatschappij tot bevordering van landbouw, tuinbouw en veeteelt in Zeeland en Noord-Brabant:

Mikel Munge, our great friend, head of the wildlife protection corps in Galole, had been transferred to Ngong, near Nairobi. A farewell party in his honour was held at the club. First many speeches were given, before platters of roasted goat were passed around. Piping hot blood sausage, samosas heavily spiced, all accompanied by a fine swig of beer.


assemblage

Unadapted borrowing from French assemblage, from Middle French assemblafe.

ubor

assembly (act or process of assembling, putting together)


spanning

nl-noun

spanning f (plural spanningen, diminutive spanninkje n)

spanningen (plural)
spanninkje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: spaning

→ Indonesian: tegangan (semantic loan)

From Middle Dutch spanninge. Equivalent to spannen + -ing.

spanning en sensatie


rover

rover m (plural rovers, diminutive rovertje n)

rovers (plural)
rovertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: rower

From Middle Dutch rôvere. Equivalent to roven + -er.


doper

Negerhollands: dooper

From Middle Dutch dôpere, from Old Dutch dōperi. Equivalent to dopen + -er.

dopingzondaar

whereas Dutch doper is a false friend of English doper as drug user


panne

breakdown, technical failure, particularly of a vehicle


neef

neef m (plural neven, diminutive neefje n)

neven (plural)
neefje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: neef

→ Papiamentu: neefie (dated)

→ Sranan Tongo: nefo, neifo

→ Dutch: niffo

→ West Frisian: neef

From Middle Dutch nēve, from Old Dutch *nefo, nevo, from Proto-West Germanic *nefō, from Proto-Germanic *nefô, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts. Doublet of niffo.

Mijn neef woont in België en we bezoeken hem elk jaar.

My male cousin lives in Belgium and we visit him every year.

Tijdens familiereünies zie ik al mijn neven.

During family reunions, I see all my male cousins.

Ik kocht een cadeau voor mijn neefje zijn verjaardag.

I bought a gift for my nephew's birthday.

Mijn zus heeft twee zoons, dus ik heb twee neven.

My sister has two sons, so I have two nephews.


zwager

zwager m (plural zwagers, diminutive zwagertje n)

zwagers (plural)
zwagertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: swaer

Berbice Creole Dutch: swagri

Negerhollands: swaeger

→ Papiamentu: swa, sua
→ Dutch: swa

desctree

→ Sranan Tongo: swagri
→ Aukan: swagi
→ Caribbean Javanese: swagri
→ Saramaccan: suwági

From Middle Dutch swager, from Old Dutch *swāgar, from Proto-West Germanic *swāgr, from Proto-Germanic *swēgraz.

(chiefly Netherlands) brother-in-law (brother of one's spouse or husband of one's sibling)


schoonbroer

nl-noun

schoonbroer m (plural schoonbroers, diminutive schoonbroertje n)

schoonbroers (plural)
schoonbroertje (diminutive neuter)
schoonbroeder (alternative dated formal)

Negerhollands: skonbutji (from the diminutive)

From schoon + broer, calque of Middle French beau-frere.

(chiefly Belgium and Suriname) brother-in-law


mijnheer

mijnheer m (plural mijnheren, diminutive mijnheertje n)

mijnheren (plural)
mijnheertje (diminutive neuter)

Originated in 1652, a univerbation of mijn (“my”) + heer (“lord”), formed similarly to English milord.


buks

nl-noun

buks f or m (plural buksen, diminutive buksje n)

buksen (plural)
buksje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from German Büchse. Doublet of box, bus (“container”), and pyxis.


buks

nl-noun

buks m (plural buksen, diminutive buksje n)

Borrowed from German Buchs, from Latin buxus.


ruft

ruft m (plural ruften, diminutive ruftje n)

ruften (plural)
ruftje (diminutive neuter)


camion

camion m (plural camions, diminutive camionnetje n)

camions (plural)
camionnetje (diminutive neuter)


paring

paring f (plural paringen, diminutive parinkje n)

paringen (plural)
parinkje (diminutive neuter)

From paren (“to pair; to mate, to copulate”) + -ing.


snaphaan

nl-noun

snaphaan m (plural snaphanen, diminutive snaphaantje n)

snaphanen (plural)
snaphaantje (diminutive neuter)
snaphaen (alternative obsolete)

Berbice Creole Dutch: snapan

→ Biak: sinapan

→ Burmese: သေနတ် (senat)

desc

→ Mon: သေနာတ်

→ Mon: သေနာတ်

→ English: snaphaan, snaphance

→ Indonesian: senapan

→ Malay: senapang

→ West Frisian: snaphoanne (calque)

Borrowed from German Schnapphahn (“robber on horseback”). Equivalent to snappen (“to get, to apprehend”) + haan (“rooster, cock”).

compound

(obsolete) robber or pillager on horseback


paling

nl-noun

paling m (plural palingen, diminutive palinkje n)

palingen (plural)
palinkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: paling

Berbice Creole Dutch: palinggi

Negerhollands: paliṅ

→ Papiamentu: paling (dated)

From Middle Dutch palinc, padelinc, paeldinc, from Old Dutch paelding, paleding, palezinc. The original form seems to be *palathing (attested in the placename Palathingadīc) or, as some sources prefer, *pathaling. This has no cognates outside Dutch and probably goes back to a substrate language. As the oldest attestation is (latinised) palengus, one could alternatively see the -th- as excrescent and thus derived the word from Proto-West Germanic *pāl (“pole”) after the fish's shape. While this is less likely, the distinction sometimes made between aal (“juvenile eel”) and paling (“large, adult eel”) may indeed have been influenced by association with paal.


vair

From Old French vair, veir, from the accusative singular masculine form of Latin varius (“variegated”).


kaka

kaka m (plural kaka's, diminutive kakaatje n)

kaka's (plural)
kakaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English kaka, from Maori kākā.

Nestor meridionalis
Nestor meridionalis#Translingual


rotting

rotting f (plural rottingen, diminutive rottinkje n)

rottingen (plural)
rottinkje (diminutive neuter)


rotting

rotting m (plural rottingen, diminutive rottinkje n)

Nativized form of rottang, by-form of rotan.


reeks

reeks f (plural reeksen, diminutive reeksje n)

reeksen (plural)
reeksje (diminutive neuter)
raeks (alternative obsolete)
raecks (alternative obsolete)
raecx (alternative obsolete)
raex (alternative obsolete)
raaks (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: reeks

From Middle Dutch reecs, raecs, raecse (“chain”), of obscure origin. Perhaps from Old Dutch *rakis, itself of uncertain origin and with no known cognates in Germanic. Alternatively, from Old Dutch *rakiza, rakinza (“buoy, chain”), from Old High German rahhinza, rahhenza, rachenza (“neck-chain, hand-chain, fetter”), from Proto-West Germanic *rakintā, from Proto-Germanic *rakintǭ (“fetter, chain”).

unc

obscure

der

Verspil je tijd niet aan het lezen van die betekenisloze reeks letters.

Do not waste your time on reading that meaningless sequence of letters.

Ik ga enorm veel boze brieven naar de uitgever sturen met de eis dat ze de reeks stopzetten.

I am going to write an enormous quantity of angry letters to the publisher with the demand that they will cancel the series.


paperclip

nl-noun

paperclip m (plural paperclips, diminutive paperclipje n)

paperclips (plural)
paperclipje (diminutive neuter)


complot

complot n (plural complotten, diminutive complotje n)

complotten (plural)
complotje (diminutive neuter)
komplot (alternative)

Negerhollands: komplot

→ Indonesian: komplot

→ Papiamentu: kòmplòt

From French complot (“crowd-, plot”), from Middle French complot (“crowd-, plot”).


pens

pens f (plural pensen, diminutive pensje n)

pensen (plural)
pensje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: pens

From Middle Dutch pense, from Old French panse (“belly; tripe”), from Latin pantex (“belly; guts”). Cognate with Limburgish pans, West Flemish pense, English paunch.

In de pens wordt voedsel voorverteerd.

1871, F. C. Hekmeijer, Geïllustreerd Veeartsenijkundig Handboek voor elken Landman, voor ieder, die Dieren of Vee houdt, publ. B. Dekema, page 546.
De pens heeft 2 openingen, waarvan de bovenste, de maagmond, in den slokdarm voert, de onderste, grootere, is de netmaag-opening en voert in de tweede maag...

The rumen has two apertures, of which the upper or cardia leads to the esophagus and the lower and bigger aperture or opening of the reticulum leads to the second stomach...

Vandaag de dag wordt pens als slachtafval gezien.

Vroeger werd pens veelal thuis gemaakt.

In the past, filled tripe was often made at home.

Zo, jij hebt een aardige pens ontwikkeld!

Whew, you've developed quite a potbelly!

De hond heeft een opgezwollen pens.

(Hij) zwoer bij kris en kras dat hij den gevangen monsters (t.w. haaien) dikwijls levende jongen uit hun ”pens” had gehaald...

1887, W. F. Margadant, Met de adelborsten aan boord van de "Aldebaran", W. Cremer, page 125:

(He) swore up and down that he had often extricated live young from the ”stomachs” of the captured monsters (i.e. sharks)...


watering

watering f (plural wateringen, diminutive waterinkje n)

wateringen (plural)
waterinkje (diminutive neuter)

/ˈʋaː.təˌrɪŋ/

From Middle Dutch wateringe, from Old Dutch weteringa. Equivalent to wateren + -ing.


parfum

parfum n (plural parfums, diminutive parfumpje n)

parfums (plural)
parfumpje (diminutive neuter)
parfuum (alternative)

Afrikaans: parfuum

→ Caribbean Hindustani: pampaiyá

→ Indonesian: parfum

Borrowed from Middle French parfum, from parfumer.

Essence van rozen en diverse andere bloemen is zeer gegeerd voor natuurlijke parfums.

Essence of roses and various others flowers is in high demand for natural perfumes.

a perfume, a luxury product providing a fragrant scent

De roos Friesia verspreidt een hemels parfum.

The rose Friesia gives out a heavenly scent.


pistolet

pistolet m (plural pistolets, diminutive pistoletje n)

pistolets (plural)
pistoletje (diminutive neuter)

(Belgium) a type of small round bread bun

(Netherlands) a bread bun shaped like a short baguette


cavia

cavia f (plural cavia's, diminutive caviaatje n)

cavia's (plural)
caviaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Portuguese cávia or New Latin cavia.

Cavia porcellus
Cavia porcellus#Translingual


moskee

moskee f (plural moskeeën, diminutive moskeetje n)

moskeeën (plural)
moskeetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: moskee

→ Papiamentu: moskei, moské

→ West Frisian: moskee

Borrowed from Middle French mosquee, from Italian moschea, from Medieval Latin meschita, from Arabic مَسْجِد (masjid).


suikerspin

suikerspin m or f (plural suikerspinnen, diminutive suikerspinnetje n)

suikerspinnen (plural)
suikerspinnetje (diminutive neuter)


snoep

Back-formation from snoepen. Attested from the 17th century.


pepermunt

pepermunt f (plural pepermunten, diminutive pepermuntje n)

pepermunten (plural)
pepermuntje (diminutive neuter)
peperment (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: peperment

→ Caribbean Javanese: permèn

desc

→ Indonesian: permen (“candy, sweet”), pepermin (“peppermint”)

→ Papiamentu: pepermint (dated)

From peper + munt, Calque of translingual Mentha × piperita.


pijnboompit

nl-noun

pijnboompit m (plural pijnboompitten, diminutive pijnboompitje n)

pijnboompitten (plural)
pijnboompitje (diminutive neuter)


fraude

fraude f (plural fraudes, diminutive fraudetje n)

fraudes (plural)
fraudetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: fraude

From Middle Dutch fraude, from Old French fraude, a borrowing from Latin fraus, fraudem.

De politie onderzoekt een geval van fraude.

The police are investigating a case of fraud.

Financiële fraude kan leiden tot zware straffen.

Financial fraud can lead to severe penalties.

Fraude in verkiezingen ondermijnt de democratie.

Fraud in elections undermines democracy.


veganist

veganist m (plural veganisten, diminutive veganistje n, feminine veganiste)

veganisten (plural)
veganistje (diminutive neuter)
veganiste (feminine)


linde

linde f (plural linden or lindes, diminutive lindetje n)

linden (plural)
lindes (plural)
lindetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: linde

From Middle Dutch linde, from Old Dutch *linda, from Proto-West Germanic *lindu, from Proto-Germanic *lindijō.


els

els m (plural elzen, diminutive elsje n)

elzen (plural)
elsje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: èls

From Middle Dutch else, from Old Dutch *alisa, from Frankish *alisu, from Proto-Germanic *alisō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élis-.
Compare German Erle, English alder, Danish el, Norwegian older, Icelandic elri.


els

els f (plural elzen, diminutive elsje n)

→ Papiamentu: èls

From Middle Dutch elsene, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *alisnō, *alusnō. Related to *ēlō, whence Dutch aal, German Ahle, English awl.


beuk

beuk m (plural beuken, diminutive beukje n)

beuken (plural)
beukje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: beuk

From eastern Middle Dutch boke, boeke, from Old Dutch *buoka, from Proto-West Germanic *bōkijā. Western varieties of Dutch, including generally Standard Dutch, do not have umlaut of long vowels. The eastern variety with umlaut was probably adopted to avoid homonymy with boek.

Fagus sylvatica
Fagus sylvatica#Translingual


beuk

Hij gaf de deur een harde beuk met zijn schouder.

He rammed the door hard with his shoulder.

He gave the door a hard ram with his shoulder.


ceder

ceder m (plural ceders or cederen, diminutive cedertje n)

ceders (plural)
cederen (plural)
cedertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: seder

→ Sranan Tongo: sedre, redisedre

→ Aukan: sédé

→ Saramaccan: sedu

From Middle Dutch ceder, from Old Dutch *ceder, from Proto-West Germanic *cedru.

The wood for those they took from the cedars of the Lebanon, and with those ships they sailed across the entire Mediterranean Sea […]

1863, Jan de Liefde, De mensch en de dieren. Een leesboek voor scholen en huisgezinnen., part 2, vol. 1, publ. by H. Höveke, page 106. Het hout daartoe namen zij van de cederen des Libanons, en met die schepen doorkruisten zij de gansche Middellandsche zee […]

(Suriname) Spanish cedar, Cedrela odorata


wilg

wilg m (plural wilgen, diminutive wilgje n)

wilgen (plural)
wilgje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: wilg, wilger

From Middle Dutch wilge, from Old Dutch *wilga, from Proto-West Germanic *wiligijā.


populier

populier m (plural populieren, diminutive populiertje n)

populieren (plural)
populiertje (diminutive neuter)
popelier (alternative)

Afrikaans: populier

→ West Frisian: popelier

From Middle Dutch popelier, from Old French poplier, from Latin pōpulus. The spelling was adapted to the Latin in the seventeenth century.


lariks

lariks m (plural lariksen, diminutive lariksje n)

lariksen (plural)
lariksje (diminutive neuter)
larix (alternative)


lork

lork m (plural lorken, diminutive lorkje n)

lorken (plural)
lorkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: lork


iep

iep m (plural iepen, diminutive iepje n)

iepen (plural)
iepje (diminutive neuter)
ijp (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: iep

→ German: Äp (dialectal)

From Middle Dutch *iep, *ijp, from Old Dutch *īp, from Proto-West Germanic *īp (“field elm”).


treurwilg

treurwilg m (plural treurwilgen, diminutive treurwilgje n)

treurwilgen (plural)
treurwilgje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of treuren (“to mourn”) + wilg (“willow”), so named for its downward-drooping branches.


cipres

nl-noun

cipres m (plural cipressen, diminutive cipresje n)

cipressen (plural)
cipresje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch cypresse, from Old French cipres, from Latin cupressus.


abeel

abeel m (plural abelen, diminutive abeeltje n)

abelen (plural)
abeeltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch abeel, from Old Northern French abiel, from Latin albellus, a diminutive of albus (“white”).

Populus nigra
Populus nigra#Translingual

abele; term used of certain poplars, mainly the white poplar (Populus alba), grey poplar (Populus × canescens) or black poplar (Populus nigra)


hazelaar

hazelaar m (plural hazelaars or hazelaren, diminutive hazelaartje n)

hazelaars (plural)
hazelaren (plural)
hazelaartje (diminutive neuter)

Corylus avellana
Corylus avellana#Translingual


odalisk

odalisk f (plural odalisken, diminutive odaliskje n)

odalisken (plural)
odaliskje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French odalisque, from Ottoman Turkish اوطهلق (odalık, “chambermaid”), from اوده (oda, “room”).


individu

nl-noun

individu n (plural individuen or individu's, diminutive individuutje n)

individuen (plural)
individu's (plural)
individuutje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: individu

→ Malay: individu

Borrowed from French individu, itself borrowed from Medieval Latin individuum


kille

kille f (plural killes, diminutive killetje n)

killes (plural)
killetje (diminutive neuter)
kehille (alternative)

Borrowed from Yiddish קהילה (kehile, “(Jewish) community”), from Hebrew קְהִלָּה (k'hillá, “congregation”).


kille

nl-noun

kille f (plural killen, diminutive killetje n)

killen (plural)
killetje (diminutive neuter)


levenslang

From leven (“life”) + -s- + lang (“long”).

levenslange gevangenisstraf
w:nl:levenslange gevangenisstraf

abbreviation of levenslange gevangenisstraf (“life imprisonment”)


verboden

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


lendenwervel

nl-noun

lendenwervel m (plural lendenwervels, diminutive lendenwerveltje n)

lendenwervels (plural)
lendenwerveltje (diminutive neuter)

lumbar vertebra, any of the five vertebrae in the loin or lower back region of the spine


ribbenboog

ribbenboog m (plural ribbenbogen, diminutive ribbenboogje n)

ribbenbogen (plural)
ribbenboogje (diminutive neuter)

costal arch, the medial ends of the seventh to tenth costal cartilages that join to form a cartilaginous costal margin on each side (arcus costalis)


innovatie

innovatie f (plural innovaties, diminutive innovatietje n)

innovaties (plural)
innovatietje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: innovasie

→ Indonesian: inovasi

Borrowed from Middle French innovation, from Old French innovacion, from Late Latin innovatio. Equivalent to innoveren + -atie.


kits

kits f (plural kitsen, diminutive kitsje n)

kitsen (plural)
kitsje (diminutive neuter)
kets (alternative obsolete)


leb

leb f (plural lebben, diminutive lebje n)

lebben (plural)
lebje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch lib, of uncertain etymology. Cognate to Zealandic lip, Middle Low German lip.


spiritus

spiritus m (plural spiritussen or spiritus, diminutive spiritusje n)

spiritussen (plural)
spiritus (plural)
spiritusje (diminutive neuter)

desc

→ Indonesian: spiritus (“methylated spirit”)

→ Papiamentu: spíritùs

(orthography) a kind of diacritic used on Ancient Greek vowels to indicate aspiration or lack thereof. See spiritus asper and spiritus lenis