varken

varken n (plural varkens, diminutive varkentje n, feminine zeug, masculine beer)

varkens (plural)
varkentje (diminutive neuter)
zeug (feminine)
beer (masculine)
verken (alternative dialectal)

Afrikaans: vark

Jersey Dutch: vārk

desc

Negerhollands: varki, fergi, farki, ferkikin, verken

Skepi Creole Dutch: fark

From Middle Dutch varken, verken, from Old Dutch farkīn, ferkīn, an old diminutive, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *farhaz (Proto-West Germanic *farh) + Proto-Germanic *-ukaz (Proto-Germanic *-ukīn, with another diminutive suffix attached). Compare Central Franconian Ferke, Low German Farken.

(figuratively, derogatory, offensive) a swine, a dirty, gross or foul person

(archaic, possibly offensive) a student who does not belong to a student society; one who is neither a frat boy nor a soror

(dialectal) a brush, especially one used along with a dustpan for sweeping floors or hearths


sleutel

nl-noun

sleutel m (plural sleutels, diminutive sleuteltje n)

sleutels (plural)
sleuteltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: sleutel

Berbice Creole Dutch: slotro, slutro

Negerhollands: sleuter, sleetel

→ Lokono: shilotoro

→ Aukan: sooto

→ Saramaccan: sòotó

→ Sranan Tongo: sroto, slotto

→ Caribbean Javanese: sroto

→ Trió: soroto

→ Warao: sidyotóre, sidiotore

From Middle Dutch slōtel, sluetel, from Old Dutch *slutil, from Proto-West Germanic *slutil, which is derived from *sleutan (“to close”). Equivalent to sluiten + -el.

De sleutel van de auto

De sleutel tot geluk


traan

traan m or f (plural tranen, diminutive traantje n)

tranen (plural)
traantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: traan

Negerhollands: traan

→ West Frisian: traan (“fish oil”)

From Middle Dutch trâen, from Old Dutch trān, from Proto-Germanic *trahnuz. Cognate with German Träne (“tear”) and Tran (“fish oil”).


toekomst

Afrikaans: toekoms

Negerhollands: toekomst, tukomst

From Middle Dutch toecomste (“arrival, visit”). Equivalent to toe + komst. Temporal use developed first in the adjective toekomstig. Such use of the noun (ca. 1800) appears to follow German Zukunft, in which it is general since the 18th century and attested since the 14th.

inh

We moeten plannen maken voor de toekomst.


tand

nl-noun

tand m (plural tanden, diminutive tandje n)

tanden (plural)
tandje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: tand

Jersey Dutch: tānd

Negerhollands: taan, tan, tant, tand

→ Virgin Islands Creole: tan (dated)

Skepi Creole Dutch: tant

→ Saramaccan: tánda, tándu

From Middle Dutch tant, from Old Dutch tant, from Proto-West Germanic *tanþ, from Proto-Germanic *tanþs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃dónts.

Het gebit bestaat uit tanden, hoektanden en kiezen

Dentition consists of incisors, canines and molars.

natural tooth, more specifically incisor

artificial object of similar shape and/or purpose, as on a cartwheel


telefoon

telefoon m (plural telefoons or telefonen, diminutive telefoontje n)

telefoons (plural)
telefonen (plural)
telefoontje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: telefoon

→ Aukan: telefon

→ Caribbean Hindustani: telfon

desc

→ Caribbean Javanese: tilpon, setilpon, setilpun, stilpon, stilpun

→ Indonesian: telepon, telefon

→ Saramaccan: telefoon

→ Sranan Tongo: teilefown

→ West Frisian: telefoan

Borrowed from French téléphone, equivalent to: tele- + -foon.


slaapkamer

nl-noun

slaapkamer f (plural slaapkamers, diminutive slaapkamertje n)

slaapkamers (plural)
slaapkamertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: slaapkamer

Negerhollands: slaapkamber

From Middle Dutch slaepcamere. Equivalent to slapen + kamer.

De slaapkamer is op de tweede verdieping.

Ik wil de muren van mijn slaapkamer blauw schilderen.

I want to paint the walls of my bedroom blue.

Ze heeft posters van haar favoriete bands in haar slaapkamer.

She has posters of her favorite bands in her bedroom.


ster

ster f (plural sterren, diminutive sterretje n)

sterren (plural)
sterretje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ster

Negerhollands: ster

→ Indonesian: seter

From Middle Dutch sterre, sterne, from Old Dutch sterro, sterno, from Proto-West Germanic *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.

(historical, otherwise archaic) any luminous astronomical or meteorological phenomenon

(geometry) a concave polygon with regular, pointy protrusions and indentations, generally with five or six points

(printing) an asterisk (*). (often used in the diminutive: sterretje)

(television, Netherlands) short advertisement


ster

Possibly a calque of French étoile, from French étoile Michelin.

a symbol used to rate restaurants, hotels, films, etc. with a higher number of stars denoting better quality


ster

ster m or f (plural sterren, diminutive sterretje n)

Calque of English star, from Middle English sterre, from Old English steorra (“star”), from Proto-Germanic *sternô, *sternǭ (“star”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”).

star (person)
one who excels in something


stilte

stilte f (plural stilten or stiltes, diminutive stiltetje n)

stilten (plural)
stiltes (plural)
stiltetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: stilte

Negerhollands: stilte


soep

soep f or m (plural soepen, diminutive soepje n)

soepen (plural)
soepje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: soep

Negerhollands: soep, sop

→ Caribbean Hindustani: supu

→ Caribbean Javanese: sop, sup, supu

→ Indonesian: sup

→ Papiamentu: sòpi (from the diminutive), soppi

Borrowed from French soupe, from Latin suppa, from Proto-Germanic *supô. Doublet of zopie, which is the directly inherited Dutch form (albeit with diminutive suffix) of the same Germanic word from which suppa ultimately derives.

de soep wordt nooit zo heet gegeten als ze wordt opgediend


sneeuw

Afrikaans: sneeu

Negerhollands: sneew

→ Papiamentu: sneu, sneeuw

→ Sranan Tongo: snew

From Middle Dutch snêe, from Old Dutch snēo, from Proto-West Germanic *snaiw, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz.
The predominant form in earlier Modern Dutch was snee (compare German Schnee). The form sneeuw, which continues the Middle Dutch inflected stem, was reinforced by the verb sneeuwen (“to snow”). The sense "cocaine" (attested 1934) is a semantic loan from English snow.

Kinderen zijn dol op spelen in de sneeuw tijdens de winter.

Children love playing in the snow during winter.

Er ligt een dikke laag sneeuw op de straten na de hevige sneeuwval.

There is a thick layer of snow on the streets after heavy snowfall.

Het televisiesignaal is niet goed; ik zie alleen maar sneeuw op het scherm.

The TV signal is not good; I only see snow on the screen.

De oude monitor vertoont veel sneeuw en storing.

The old monitor has a lot of static and interference.

snow, static, noise (on a display screen)

Het is bekend dat sommige feestgangers sneeuw gebruiken op dit soort evenementen.

It's known that some partygoers use cocaine at this type of events.

Het bezit en gebruik van sneeuw zijn illegaal in de meeste landen.

Possession and use of cocaine are illegal in most countries.


smaak

smaak m (plural smaken, diminutive smaakje n)

smaken (plural)
smaakje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: smaak

→ Limburgish: smaak

→ Papiamentu: smak, smaak

From Middle Dutch smāke, from Old Dutch *smako, from Proto-West Germanic *smakō.

de goede smaak


snelheid

snelheid f (plural snelheden, diminutive snelheidje n)

snelheden (plural)
snelheidje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: snelheid

From Middle Dutch snelheit. Equivalent to snel (“fast”) + -heid (“-ness”).


stof

stof n (uncountable, diminutive stofje n)

Afrikaans: stof

→ Papiamentu: stòf, stof

From Middle Dutch stof, from Old Dutch *stof, from Proto-West Germanic *stubbju, from Proto-Germanic *stubą, *stubjuz (“dust”).


stof

stof f or m (plural stoffen, diminutive stofje n)

stoffen (plural)
stofje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: stof

Negerhollands: stof

→ Papiamentu: stòf, stof

→ West Frisian: stof

From Middle Dutch stoffe, from Old French estophe, estoffe, from estoffer, from Old High German stoffōn. Compare German Stoff, English stuff. Doublet of native stoppen.

a subject, topic(s), something to think about or discuss


verzameling

verzameling f (plural verzamelingen, diminutive verzamelingetje n)

verzamelingen (plural)
verzamelingetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: versameling

desc

Negerhollands: versammeling, versamling, versammling

→ Indonesian: himpunan (semantic loan)

From Middle Dutch versamelinge. Equivalent to verzamelen + -ing.

Haar schilderijen vormen een prachtige verzameling van kleuren en stijlen.

Her paintings form a beautiful collection of colors and styles.

Hij heeft een indrukwekkende verzameling van oude munten uit verschillende landen.

He has an impressive collection of ancient coins from various countries.

In de verzameling van het museum zijn enkele zeldzame en waardevolle kunstwerken te vinden.

The museum's collection includes some rare and valuable artworks.

Verzamelingen zijn een belangrijk concept in de verzamelingenleer binnen de wiskunde.

Sets are an important concept in set theory within mathematics.


vrijheid

nl-noun

vrijheid f (plural vrijheden, diminutive vrijheidje n)

vrijheden (plural)
vrijheidje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vryheid

Negerhollands: vriheit

From Middle Dutch vrijheit. Equivalent to vrij + -heid. Cognate with German Freiheit.


voetbal

→ Caribbean Hindustani: futbál khele

From voet + bal, calque of English football.

Ik hou van voetbal kijken op zondag.

Ze spelen elke week voetbal in het park.

They play football in the park every week.

Voetbal is de populairste sport ter wereld.

Soccer is the most popular sport in the world.


voetbal

voetbal m (plural voetballen, diminutive voetballetje n)

voetballen (plural)
voetballetje (diminutive neuter)

De voetbal was lek, dus we konden niet spelen.

The football was flat, so we couldn't play.

Hij schopte de voetbal over het hek.

Ze gaf haar broertje een nieuwe voetbal voor zijn verjaardag.

She gave her little brother a new football for his birthday.


spel

spel n (plural spellen or spelen, diminutive spelletje n or speeltje n)

spellen (plural)
spelen (plural)
spelletje (diminutive neuter)
speeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: spel

From Middle Dutch spel, from Old Dutch *spil, from Proto-West Germanic *spil.


structuur

structuur f (plural structuren, diminutive structuurtje n)

structuren (plural)
structuurtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: struktuur

→ Indonesian: struktur

From Middle Dutch structuur, from Middle French structure, from Latin structura (“a fitting together, adjustment, building, erection, a building, edifice, structure”), from structus (“pile up, arrange, assemble, build”), past participle of struere. Compare construct, instruct, destroy, etc.

der

Als ode aan de vrouw hebben mannelijke adspirant kandidaten en structuren van de Pertjajah Luhur (PL) vandaag, Internationale Dag van de Vrouw, gekookt voor alle vrouwelijke bezoekers.

2020 March 8, “Ode aan alle vrouwen met geslaagde PL Men's Cook Out [Ode to all women with successful PL Men's Cook Out]”, in Dagblad Suriname, retrieved 2022-02-19:

Today, on International Women's Day, as an ode to women, male prospective candidates and functionaries of the Pertjajah Luhur Party cooked for all female visitors.

(Suriname, metonymic, chiefly in the plural) functionary, cadre


peper

nl-noun

peper m (plural pepers, diminutive pepertje n)

pepers (plural)
pepertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: peper

Negerhollands: pepper

→ Aukan: pepee

→ Munsee: piipel

→ Papiamentu: peper

→ Saramaccan: pepè

→ Unami: pèpël

From Middle Dutch peper, from Old Dutch *pipar, *pepar, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi), from an Indo-Aryan language.

(short for peperplant) a plant which produces pepper


postzegel

postzegel m (plural postzegels, diminutive postzegeltje n)

postzegels (plural)
postzegeltje (diminutive neuter)


ontbijt

ontbijt n (plural ontbijten, diminutive ontbijtje n)

ontbijten (plural)
ontbijtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ontbyt

From Middle Dutch ontbijt, also inbijt, equivalent to ont- + bijt (“a bite”). Compare German Imbiss (“snack”).

a breakfast, first meal of the day, usually in the morning


olie

Afrikaans: olie

Berbice Creole Dutch: oli

Jersey Dutch: ôlje

Negerhollands: oli, olie

→ Lokono: uli

→ Indonesian: oli

→ Sranan Tongo: oli

→ Aukan: oli

→ Saramaccan: óli

From Middle Dutch ōlie, from Old Dutch olig, from Latin oleum, from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion).


naald

naald f (plural naalden, diminutive naaldje n)

naalden (plural)
naaldje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: naald
→ Xhosa: inaliti
→ Zulu: inalithi
Fanagalo: nalit

Berbice Creole Dutch: nali

Negerhollands: naël, naeld

Skepi Creole Dutch: nalde

From Middle Dutch naelde, from Old Dutch nālda, from a metathesis of earlier *nādla, from Proto-West Germanic *nāþlu, from Proto-Germanic *nēþlō.
Compare the Old High German alternative form nālda, whence Luxembourgish Nol. Also cognate with German Nadel, English needle.

a needle, a pin (for sewing, injections, tattooing etc.)

(architecture) an obelisk or column (monument, memorial)


culverin

nl-noun

culverin f (plural culverinnen, diminutive culverinnetje n)

culverinnen (plural)
culverinnetje (diminutive neuter)

From Old French coulevrine, from couleuvre (“snake”), ultimately from Latin colubra, coluber (“snake”).


tellen

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


kennis

Afrikaans: kennis

Negerhollands: kennis

From Middle Dutch kennesse. Equivalent to kennen + -nis.


kennis

nl-noun

kennis m or f (plural kennissen, diminutive kennisje n)

kennissen (plural)
kennisje (diminutive neuter)


blazen

→ Papiamentu: blas


buiten

buiten n (plural buitens, diminutive buitentje n)

buitens (plural)
buitentje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch buten, from Old Dutch *būtan, from Proto-West Germanic *biūtan (“outside of, around, without, except”), equivalent to be- + uit + -en. Cognate to English but, Luxembourgish baussen, West Frisian bûten, Saterland Frisian buute (“without”), Dutch Low Saxon buten.

inh

a mansion and its surrounding estate in the countryside


goed

nl-noun

goed n (plural goederen, diminutive goedje n)

goederen (plural)
goedje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: gutu

Negerhollands: goed, gut, got

→ Virgin Islands Creole: somgut (dated)

Skepi Creole Dutch: gut, good

→ Sranan Tongo: gudu

→ Kari'na: kutuma

→ Saramaccan: gúdu

From Middle Dutch goet, from Old Dutch guot, from Proto-West Germanic *gōd, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰedʰ-.

(usually in the plural) goods, wares, commodities, assets

Voor het sollicitatiegesprek had hij zich in zijn zondagse goed gestoken, maar zag er desondanks sjofel uit.

He had donned his best clothes for the job interview, but nevertheless made a shabby impression.


draad

draad m (plural draden, diminutive draadje n)

draden (plural)
draadje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: draad

→ Aukan: dalati

→ Caribbean Javanese: drat

→ Indonesian: drat (“screw thread”)

→ Papiamentu: drat, drachi

From Middle Dutch drâet, from Old Dutch *thrād, from Proto-Germanic *þrēduz. Equivalent to draaien (“to turn”) + -d (“verbal noun”).

suffix

(Internet, informal) discussion thread, topic


boord

nl-noun

boord m (plural boorden, diminutive boordje n)

boorden (plural)
boordje (diminutive neuter)

→ Sranan Tongo: borki

From Middle Dutch boorde, from Old Dutch *bordo, from Frankish *bord (“plank, board”), from Proto-Germanic *burdô, *burdą (“plank, board”).

witte boorden: the white-collar class


boord

boord m or n (plural boorden, diminutive boordje n)

From Middle Dutch boort, from earlier bort. Doublet of bord.

(nautical) a collective term used for both sides of a ship (the starboard and the port)


informant

informant m (plural informanten, diminutive informantje n)

informanten (plural)
informantje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed, more probably from French or German than from English due to the word's ultimate stress.


beetje

From beet + -je. Cognate with German bisschen and English bit.


beetje

Afrikaans: bietjie

Berbice Creole Dutch: beki

Jersey Dutch: bêtśe

desc

Negerhollands: beetje, bechi, betji, bitji, bitši, biti

→ Virgin Islands Creole: biti (archaic)

Skepi Creole Dutch: beki

→ Saramaccan: abíti


deken

nl-noun

deken f (plural dekens, diminutive dekentje n)

dekens (plural)
dekentje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch deken, from Old Dutch *thekina, from Proto-Germanic *þakinō.

Een deken van sneeuw bedekt de winterse tuin, die zich 's zomers met kleurige dekens van bloemen siert

A blanket of snow covers the wintery garden, which in summer is ornate by colorful flower blankets

(figuratively) a blanket, covering layer


deken

deken n (plural dekens, diminutive dekentje n)

→ Aukan: degii

→ Caribbean Javanese: déken

→ Papiamentu: deken, dekel, deklo

→ Saramaccan: déigi

the permanent flooring of a fishery vessel


deken

deken m (plural dekens, diminutive dekentje n)

From Middle Dutch dēken, from Old Dutch and Proto-West Germanic *dekan, from Latin decānus (“dean, chief of ten”). Compare Old High German tehhan(t) (Modern German Dechant). Doublet of decaan, a later borrowing.

presiding over a chapter, as in a cathedral or collegiate church

pastoral chief in a part of a diocese comprising several parishes

a chairman in certain professional corporations

a doyen, eldest, as in the corps diplomatique

some other presiding officers, e.g. of a neighborhood


onderzoek

onderzoek n (plural onderzoeken, diminutive onderzoekje n)

onderzoeken (plural)
onderzoekje (diminutive neuter)

→ Sranan Tongo: ondrosuku

→ Caribbean Javanese: ondersug

research, experiment, study, trial, test, survey

investigation, inquiry, examination, survey


plattegrond

map (of an area), floor plan (of a building)


probleem

probleem n (plural problemen, diminutive probleempje n)

problemen (plural)
probleempje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: probleem

→ Indonesian: problem

Borrowed from Latin problēma, from Ancient Greek πρόβλημα (próblēma). First attested in the 17th century.

We hebben een groot probleem dat opgelost moet worden.

We have a big problem that needs to be solved.


plafond

plafond n (plural plafonds, diminutive plafondje n or plafonnetje n)

plafonds (plural)
plafondje (diminutive neuter)
plafonnetje (diminutive neuter)
plafon (alternative)

Afrikaans: plafon

→ Indonesian: plafon

→ Papiamentu: plafòn, blafòn

→ Sranan Tongo: plafon


politie

Afrikaans: polisie

→ Lokono: bariri

→ Caribbean Hindustani: polisi

→ Caribbean Javanese: polisi

→ Indonesian: polisi

→ Papiamentu: polis

→ West Frisian: polysje, plysje

From Middle Dutch policie, from Middle French policie.


positie

positie f (plural posities, diminutive positietje n)

posities (plural)
positietje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: posisie

→ Indonesian: posisi

Borrowed from French position, from Latin positiō.

post (e.g., of employment), position, rank


prijs

prijs m (plural prijzen, diminutive prijsje n)

prijzen (plural)
prijsje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: prys

Negerhollands: pries

→ Caribbean Javanese: près, prèis

→ Indonesian: pris

→ Papiamentu: preis

From Middle Dutch prijs, prise, from Old French pris, preis, from Latin pretium (“worth, price, money spent, wages, reward”).


pijn

nl-noun

pijn f (plural pijnen, diminutive pijntje n)

pijnen (plural)
pijntje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: pyn

Berbice Creole Dutch: pin

Jersey Dutch: pāin

Negerhollands: pien, pin

→ Virgin Islands Creole: pin (dated)

→? Aukan: pin

From Middle Dutch pine, from Latin poena (“punishment, strife”), from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “bloodmoney, wergeld, fine, price paid, penalty”).

der

Ik heb pijn in mijn arm na het sporten.

De pijn verdween na het nemen van de medicatie.

The pain went away after taking the medication.

Hij lijdt aan chronische pijn in zijn rug.

He suffers from chronic ache in his back.

De pijn van het verlies van een geliefde is diep.

Ze voelde pijn na het verraad van een vriend.

She felt hurt after being betrayed by a friend.

De pijn van afwijzing kan lang blijven hangen.

The pain of rejection can linger for a long time.


pijn

nl-noun

pijn m (plural pijnen, diminutive pijntje n)

From Middle Dutch pijn, from Latin pīnus.


persoon

persoon m or f (plural personen, diminutive persoontje n)

personen (plural)
persoontje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: persoon

→ Indonesian: person

From Middle Dutch persone, ultimately from Latin persōna. Doublet with persona.

(fiction) person, character, personality


potlood

potlood n (plural potloden, diminutive potloodje n)

potloden (plural)
potloodje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: potlood

→ Aukan: potilowtu

→ Caribbean Javanese: potlot

→ Indonesian: potlot

→ Manado Malay: potlot

→ Papiamentu: pòtlot, potlood, potteló

→ West Frisian: potlead (calque)

From pot (“pot”) + lood (“lead”). Originally it was a name for graphite, used for glazing pots, which was misidentified as a form of lead. Compare English black lead.


publiek

publiek n (plural publieken, diminutive publiekje n)

publieken (plural)
publiekje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: publiek

→ Indonesian: publik


periode

periode f (plural periodes or perioden, diminutive periodetje n)

periodes (plural)
perioden (plural)
periodetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: periode

→ Indonesian: periode

Borrowed from Middle French periode, from Latin periodus, from Ancient Greek περίοδος (períodos).

(mathematics) period (length of a repeating interval of a periodic function or repeating decimal)


poort

poort f (plural poorten, diminutive poortje n)

poorten (plural)
poortje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: poort

From Middle Dutch porte, from Old Dutch porta, from Latin porta.

(soccer, usually diminutive) nutmeg (passing a ball between opponent's legs)


prinses

prinses f (plural prinsessen, diminutive prinsesje n, masculine prins)

prinsessen (plural)
prinsesje (diminutive neuter)
prins (masculine)
princers (alternative obsolete)
princerse (alternative obsolete)
princersse (alternative obsolete)
princes (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: prinses

→ Papiamentu: prensès

From Middle Dutch princesse, variant of princerse. Equivalent to prins + -es.


provincie

provincie f (plural provinciën or provincies, diminutive provincietje n)

provinciën (plural)
provincies (plural)
provincietje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: provinsie

→ Malay: provinsi

desc

Indonesian: provinsi, propinsi (nonstandard)

→ Acehnese: propinsi

From Middle Dutch provincie, from Latin prōvincia.


pistool

nl-noun

pistool n (plural pistolen, diminutive pistooltje n)

pistolen (plural)
pistooltje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: pistool

→ Caribbean Javanese: pistul

→ Indonesian: pistol

→ Japanese: ピストル (pisutoru)

→ Papiamentu: pistool

Probably borrowed from German Pistole, from Middle French pistole, from Middle High German pitschal, pischulle, from Czech píšťala (“whistle”), from Proto-Slavic *piščalь, from *piskati, *piščati (“to squeak, whistle”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pīṣk-.


schreeuw

schreeuw m (plural schreeuwen, diminutive schreeuwtje n)

schreeuwen (plural)
schreeuwtje (diminutive neuter)


vijver

vijver m (plural vijvers, diminutive vijvertje n)

vijvers (plural)
vijvertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vywer

From Middle Dutch viver, from Old French vivier, from Latin vīvārium. Was merged with or replaced Middle Dutch wier, wuwer, *wiwer, an older borrowing directly from Latin; compare German Weiher.


vraag

vraag f (plural vragen, diminutive vraagje n)

vragen (plural)
vraagje (diminutive neuter)
vraach (alternative obsolete)
vraagh (alternative obsolete)
vraaghe (alternative obsolete)
vraech (alternative obsolete)
vraeg (alternative obsolete)
vraege (alternative obsolete)
vraegh (alternative obsolete)
vraeghe (alternative obsolete)
vrage (alternative obsolete)
vraghe (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: vraag

Negerhollands: vraag

From Middle Dutch vrage, from Old Dutch *frāga, from Proto-West Germanic *frāgu, from Proto-Germanic *frēgō, from Proto-Indo-European *preḱ-.

(countable) interrogative, question (sentence form formulating a query)

Coordinate term: aanbod


vinger

vinger m (plural vingers or vingeren, diminutive vingertje n)

vingers (plural)
vingeren (plural)
vingertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vinger

Berbice Creole Dutch: finggri

Negerhollands: vinger, fiṅgu, finger

→? Aukan: finga

→? Caribbean Hindustani: ungri

→? Sranan Tongo: finga

→ Saramaccan: fingá

From Middle Dutch vinger, from Old Dutch fingar, from Proto-West Germanic *fingr, from Proto-Germanic *fingraz.


vlees

vlees n (plural vlezen, diminutive vleesje n)

vlezen (plural)
vleesje (diminutive neuter)
vleesch (alternative obsolete)
vleis (alternative)

Afrikaans: vleis

Negerhollands: vleesch, fleis, vleis

→ West Frisian: fleis

From Middle Dutch vlêesch, from Old Dutch flēsc, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski.


vlag

vlag f (plural vlaggen, diminutive vlaggetje n)

vlaggen (plural)
vlaggetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vlag

Sranan Tongo: fraga

Saramaccan: faáka

→ Lokono: flagra

→ Russian: флаг (flag)

Etymology ultimately uncertain; of undetermined Germanic origin. Perhaps ultimately imitative, or otherwise drawn from Proto-Germanic *flaką (“something flat”), from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat, broad, plain”), referring to the shape.
Related to early Middle English flage (“name for a baby's garment”) and Old English flagg, flacg (“cataplasm, poultice, plaster”). Related to West Frisian flagge (“flag”), English flag (“flag”), Danish flag, Norwegian Bokmål flagg, Icelandic flagg, Faroese flagg, German Flagge, and Swedish flagga. Compare Old English flacor (“fluttering, flying”).

onomatopoeic

imitative


verf

Afrikaans: verf

Negerhollands: verw

→ Papiamentu: fèrfdó

→ Sranan Tongo: ferfi

→ Aukan: felifi

→ Caribbean Hindustani: verfi

→ Saramaccan: féifi

From Middle Dutch varwe, verwe, from Old Dutch *farwa, from Proto-West Germanic *faru, from Proto-Germanic *farwō.


vlieg

nl-noun

vlieg f (plural vliegen, diminutive vliegje n)

vliegen (plural)
vliegje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vlieg

Negerhollands: vliegi, fligi

→ Virgin Islands Creole: fligi (dated)

Sweet little bunny had a little fly on its nose / and it buzzed to and fro.

Lief klein konijntje had een vliegje op zijn neus / en het zoemde heen en weer. (Henkie – Lief Klein Konijntje)


vijand

vijand m (plural vijanden, diminutive vijandje n, feminine vijandin)

vijanden (plural)
vijandje (diminutive neuter)
vijandin (feminine)

Afrikaans: vyand

Negerhollands: vyand, vieand

→ Sranan Tongo: feyanti

→ Aukan: feyanti

→ Saramaccan: feántima

From Middle Dutch viant, from Old Dutch fīand, from Proto-West Germanic *fijand, from Proto-Germanic *fijandz. Compare English fiend.


derde

From Middle Dutch derde, from Old Dutch thriddo, from Proto-Germanic *þridjô.


deel

deel n (plural delen, diminutive deeltje n)

delen (plural)
deeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: deel

Negerhollands: deel

→ West Frisian: dealje

From Middle Dutch dêel, from Old Dutch dēl, deil, from Proto-Germanic *dailą.


één

één f (plural enen, diminutive eentje n)

enen (plural)
eentje (diminutive neuter)


enthousiast

Borrowed from Middle French enthousiaste.

(obsolete, chiefly plural) one who is inspired or possessed by a deity; esp. one inspired by God


vragen

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


zuiden

→ Trió: soirë

From Middle Dutch suden. Equivalent to an adverbial derivation from zuid that was subsequently adjectivised and substantivised.


zwembad

nl-noun

zwembad n (plural zwembaden, diminutive zwembadje n)

zwembaden (plural)
zwembadje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: swembad


ziel

ziel f (plural zielen, diminutive zieltje n)

zielen (plural)
zieltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: siel

Negerhollands: siel, zil

→ Sranan Tongo: sili

From Middle Dutch siele, from Old Dutch *siola, contraction of an earlier *sēola (compare Old Saxon sēola), from Proto-West Germanic *saiwalu, from Proto-Germanic *saiwalō. The attested Old Dutch form sēla, with a different form of contraction, would have led to modern Dutch *zeel as in German Seele. Further cognate with Low German Seel, West Frisian siel, English soul.

soul (animate principle in non-materialist anthropologies)

Ook de ziel is losgekomen en rolt heen en weer in de klankkast.

2016, Marcel Cohen, translated by Katelijne De Vuyst, Het innerlijke toneel. Feiten, Athenaeum:


zaak

zaak f (plural zaken, diminutive zaakje n)

zaken (plural)
zaakje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: saake, saek

→ Caribbean Javanese: sag

From Middle Dutch sāke, from Old Dutch *saka, from Proto-West Germanic *saku, from Proto-Germanic *sakō.
Cognate with English sake, West Frisian saak (“cause; business”), Low German Saak, German Sache (“thing; matter; cause; legal cause”), Yiddish זאַך (zakh), Danish sag, Swedish and Norwegian sak, Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌾𐍉 (sakjō, “dispute, argument”).

cog

a thing, matter (general term with for a concept other than animate beings)

Het is voor de gemeente ook een lastige zaak.

It's also a cumbersome matter for the municipality.

Wat je in je prive leven doet is je zaak.

What you do in your private life is your business.

a business, commercial enterprise, store, shop


zorg

nl-noun

zorg f (plural zorgen, diminutive zorgje n)

zorgen (plural)
zorgje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: sorg

Negerhollands: sorg

Sranan Tongo: sorgu

→ Caribbean Hindustani: sorgu

→ Indonesian: rawat (semantic loan)

From Middle Dutch sorge, sorghe, surghe, from Old Dutch sorga, from Proto-West Germanic *sorgu, from Proto-Germanic *surgō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”).
Compare German Sorge, West Frisian soarch, English sorrow, Danish sorg, Swedish sorg.

der

Hij draagt veel zorg voor zijn zieke moeder.

Ik maak me geen zorgen over de toekomst.

Hij werkt in de zorg.

Ziekenhuizen staan onder druk door de toenemende zorgvraag.

Hospitals are under pressure due to increasing demand for healthcare services.

healthcare, healthcare sector, healthcare services


werelddeel

nl-noun

werelddeel n (plural werelddelen, diminutive werelddeeltje n)

werelddelen (plural)
werelddeeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: wêrelddeel

Compound of wereld (“world”) + deel (“part, piece”).


woud

nl-noun

woud n (plural wouden, diminutive woudje n)

wouden (plural)
woudje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: woud

From Middle Dutch wout, from Old Dutch walt, from Proto-West Germanic *walþu, from Proto-Germanic *walþuz.

1778, Thomas Harmer, Waarnemingen over het Oosten uit reisbeschrijvingen, tot opheldering der Heilige Schrift, translated from English, with comments by "Johan Ernst Faber" (= Johann Ernst Faber), translated from German, publ. by G. T. van Paddenburg, second book, page 237.
Toen vond men nog veele wouden, waarvan er tot op dezen dag nog verſcheidenen overig gebleven zijn (12). Uit zulke wouden haalden de dorpſchappen hunnen brand, wanneer zij, gelijk om Aleppo zelfs, geen houwboſſchen hadden.

Back then there were still many forests, of which several remain up to this day (12). From forests like these the villages took firewood when they, as was the case around Aleppo itself, didn't have any coppices for firewood.

een woud aan regels

(figurative) mass, multitude, sea (now chiefly in relation to rules and prescriptions)


rijk

rijk n (plural rijken, diminutive rijkje n)

rijken (plural)
rijkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ryk

Negerhollands: riek, rik

From Middle Dutch rike, from Old Dutch rīki, from Proto-West Germanic *rīkī, from Proto-Germanic *rīkiją (“realm”), from Proto-Celtic *rīgyom (“kingdom”), from *rīxs (“king”) (compare Irish rí), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“king”).

an empire under the sway of a dominant (e.g. colonial) power

the state, notably in a monarchy ('the crown')


rijst

Berbice Creole Dutch: risi

Negerhollands: ris

Petjo: res

Skepi Creole Dutch: ris

→ Akawaio: eerchii, arikchii

→ Pemon: eerchii, arikchii

→ Sranan Tongo: aleisi

→ Lokono: resji

→ Aukan: alisi

From Middle Dutch rijs, from Old French ris, from Old Italian riso, risi, from Byzantine Greek ὄρυζα (óruza).


richting

richting f (plural richtingen, diminutive richtinkje n)

richtingen (plural)
richtinkje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: jurusan (semantic loan)

studierichting


rekenmachine

rekenmachine f (plural rekenmachines, diminutive rekenmachientje n or rekenmachinetje n)

rekenmachines (plural)
rekenmachientje (diminutive neuter)
rekenmachinetje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of rekenen (“to calculate, to do arithmetic”) + machine (“machine”).


ongeluk

nl-noun

ongeluk n (plural ongelukken, diminutive ongelukje n)

ongelukken (plural)
ongelukje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ongeluk

Berbice Creole Dutch: onggluku

Negerhollands: ongeluk

→ Aukan: ongooku

/ˈɔŋ.ɣəˌlʏk/

From Middle Dutch ongeluc. Equivalent to on- + geluk.


onderwerp

onderwerp n (plural onderwerpen, diminutive onderwerpje n)

onderwerpen (plural)
onderwerpje (diminutive neuter)

From onder + werpen, a calque of Latin subiectum.


oosten

→ Trió: oosëtë

From Middle Dutch oost, from Old Dutch ōst, from Proto-West Germanic *austr, from Proto-Germanic *austrą. Doublet of Dutch oost.


ochtend

ochtend m (plural ochtenden, diminutive ochtendje n)

ochtenden (plural)
ochtendje (diminutive neuter)
nuchtend (alternative obsolete)
nuchtent (alternative obsolete)
ochtent (alternative obsolete)
ogtend (alternative obsolete)
ogtent (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: oggend

Jersey Dutch: óxtent

From Middle Dutch ochtent, earlier ochte, from Old Dutch *ūhto, from Proto-Germanic *unhtwǭ. Compare regional German Uchte, Old English ūhta.

Elke ochtend drink ik koffie.

De ochtenden in de winter zijn erg koud.

Het was een rustig ochtendje voor mij.


oceaan

oceaan m (plural oceanen, diminutive oceaantje n)

oceanen (plural)
oceaantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: oseaan

→ Papiamentu: osean

Borrowed from Middle French ocean, from Latin oceanus, from Ancient Greek ὠκεᾰνός (ōkeănós).

Meronym: randzee

Europa en Amerika zijn van elkaar gescheiden door een grote oceaan.

Europe and America are separated from each other by a large ocean.

In eerdere geologische tijdperken bestonden er andere oceanen.

Different oceans existed in earlier geological periods.


plaat

plaat f (plural platen, diminutive plaatje n)

platen (plural)
plaatje (diminutive neuter)

→ Aukan: palati

→ Indonesian: pelat

→ Papiamentu: plachi (from the diminutive)

→ Sranan Tongo: plât

→ Caribbean Javanese: pelat

From Middle Dutch plate, from Old French plate.

(chiefly Suriname, colloquial) roti (unleavened flatbread)


plaats

plaats f (plural plaatsen, diminutive plaatsje n)

plaatsen (plural)
plaatsje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: plaas
→ English: plaas
→ Northern Ndebele: ipulazi
→ Shona: purazi
→ Sotho: polasi
→ Xhosa: ipulazi
→ Zulu: ipulazi

Jersey Dutch: plâs

Negerhollands: plaats

→ Virgin Islands Creole: plats, plas (dated)

→ Papiamentu: plaas (dated)

From Middle Dutch plāetse, from Old French place.

a settlement; a town, city, village, hamlet or the like

Deze extensie neemt veel plaats in beslag.

Space, especially free space (e.g. volume, area or storage space on a medium)

(dialectal) a square, a plaza (paved open space of any size in a town or near a building)


schoon

From Middle Dutch schône, from Old Dutch scōni, from Proto-West Germanic *skaunī, from Proto-Germanic *skauniz.

De Zee is als mijn Ziel, in wezen en verschijning,
Zij is een levend Schoon en kent zichzelve niet.

1894, Willem Kloos, “Van de Zee”, in Verzen:

The sea is like my soul, in essence and likeness,
She is a living beauty and does not know herself.


dagga

Borrowed from Afrikaans dagga, from Khoekhoe daxab.


geel

From Middle Dutch gelu, from Old Dutch *gelo, from Proto-West Germanic *gelu, from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz.


oranje

Afrikaans: oranje

→ Indonesian: oranye

→ Papiamentu: oraño

→ Sranan Tongo: alanya

From Middle Dutch arance, orange, from Old French orenge, arange, from Italian arancia, from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj), from Classical Persian نارنگ (nārang), from Sanskrit नारङ्ग (nāraṅga), from Dravidian.
The spelling was subsequently influenced by Middle French orange.


gemeen

From Middle Dutch gemêen, from Old Dutch *gimēni, from Proto-West Germanic *gamainī, from Proto-Germanic *gamainiz.


grijs

Negerhollands: greis

→ Papiamentu: grijs (dated)

From Middle Dutch grijs, from Old Dutch *grīs, from Proto-West Germanic *grīs, from Proto-Germanic *grīsaz.

the color grey, any mix of black and white


gerecht

nl-noun

gerecht n (plural gerechten, diminutive gerechtje n)

gerechten (plural)
gerechtje (diminutive neuter)
gericht (alternative)

Afrikaans: gereg

Negerhollands: gerecht, recht

From Middle Dutch gerichte, gerechte (“court of law”), from Old Dutch *gerihte, from Proto-Germanic *garihtiją (“something prepared or arranged”). Compare Old English gerihte. The sense "dish" developed independently already in Old Dutch gerihte (“meal”).
Cognate in both meanings: German Gericht.

inh

a meal, or a dish served alone or part of a meal as a course


honderd

nl-noun

honderd n (plural honderden, diminutive honderdje n)

honderden (plural)
honderdje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch hondert, from Old Dutch *hundert, from Proto-Germanic *hundaradą.


noorden

→ Trió: noorde

From Middle Dutch noorden, norden, from Old Dutch northan. Related to noord.


melk

melk f (uncountable, diminutive melkje n)

Afrikaans: melk

Berbice Creole Dutch: meleke

Jersey Dutch: määlk

Negerhollands: melk

→ Aukan: meliki

→ Caribbean Javanese: mèleg, mèrki

→ Munsee: mălák

→ Saramaccan: meíki

→ Sranan Tongo: merki

→ Kari'na: meliki

→ Tok Pisin: melek

Inherited from Middle Dutch melc, from Old Dutch miluk, from Proto-West Germanic *meluk, from Proto-Germanic *meluks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-.

milk (nutritious liquid produced by a lactating mammalian mother)

milk (nutritious liquid derived from vegetable sources, sometimes as a deliberate substitute of mammalian milk)

(botany) various 'milky' juices (that resembles or looks like milk), as secreted by certain plants and insects


uitleggen

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


tijd

nl-noun

tijd m or f (plural tijden, diminutive tijdje n)

tijden (plural)
tijdje (diminutive neuter)
tyd (alternative)
tijdt (alternative)
tydt (alternative)
tijt (alternative)
tyt (alternative)

Afrikaans: tyd

Berbice Creole Dutch: titi

Javindo: tet

Jersey Dutch: tāid, tāidt

Negerhollands: tied, tid, tit

Skepi Creole Dutch: teit

From Middle Dutch tijt, from Old Dutch tīt, from Proto-West Germanic *tīdi, from Proto-Germanic *tīdiz.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, Dutch tijd was exclusively masculine, but prior to that it was alternatively feminine. This variation is reflected in fossilized expressions like tand des tijds, destijds, ten tijde van (masculine) versus tegelijkertijd (feminine). Cognates with English tide, more distantly, with time.

Hij heeft geen tijd om te wachten.

We moeten meer tijd besteden aan het leren van nieuwe vaardigheden.

We need to spend more time learning new skills.

In deze zin wordt de tegenwoordige tijd gebruikt.

In this sentence, the present tense is used.

Hij heeft de werkwoordvorm naar de verleden tijd veranderd.

He changed the verb form to the past tense.


verschil

verschil n (plural verschillen, diminutive verschilletje n)

verschillen (plural)
verschilletje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: verskil

Negerhollands: vorskeel, verskeel

From Middle Dutch verschil. Equivalent to ver- + the base of schelen (“to make a difference”).


verhaal

verhaal n (plural verhalen, diminutive verhaaltje n)

verhalen (plural)
verhaaltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: verhaal

From Middle Dutch verhael. Equivalent to a deverbal from verhalen.

Hij lachte om het verhaal, maar wij niet.


verjaardag

verjaardag m (plural verjaardagen, diminutive verjaardagje n)

verjaardagen (plural)
verjaardagje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: verjaardag


verandering

verandering f (plural veranderingen, diminutive veranderingetje n)

veranderingen (plural)
veranderingetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: verandering

Negerhollands: verandering, verandring

From Middle Dutch veranderinge. Equivalent to veranderen + -ing.


vorm

vorm m (plural vormen, diminutive vormpje n)

vormen (plural)
vormpje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vorm

→ Caribbean Javanese: form

From Middle Dutch vorme, from Old French forme, from Latin forma (“shape, figure, image, outline, plan, mold, frame, case, etc., manner, sort, kind, etc.”).


vertrouwen

Hij heeft veel vertrouwen in het team.


lopen

nl-noun

lopen m (uncountable, diminutive loopje n)

loopje (diminutive neuter)
loope (alternative)
loop (alternative)

From Middle Dutch loope, lopin (perhaps cognate with French), presumably a diminutive of loop (“jump”), cognate with Old English leap.


televisie

televisie f (plural televisies, diminutive televisietje n)

televisies (plural)
televisietje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Hindustani: televisie

→ Caribbean Javanese: télévisi

desctree

→ Indonesian: televisi, TV
→ Cia-Cia: televisi
→ Iban: televisi
→ Javanese: ꦠꦺꦭꦺꦮ꦳ꦶꦱꦶ (télévisi)
→ Malay: televisi

→ Saramaccan: televísi

→ Sranan Tongo: teilefisi


trui

nl-noun

trui f (plural truien, diminutive truitje n)

truien (plural)
truitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: trui

→ West Frisian: trui

From Middle Dutch troye, from Middle Low German troie, troige, troge (“jacket, vest”) (also in Middle High German troie, treie, and Old Norse treyja (“jerkin, sleeveless jacket”)), from Old French troie (“doublet”), from Late Latin troja, troga (“horsehair monk's garment”), possibly originally of Transalpine Gaulish origin.

cog

Kom in de kamer Vincent, 'k neem een drankje met je / Wees niet bang, voel je vrij, doe een praatje met me / Wat in m'n huis gebeurd, zal nooit niet uitlekken / Het wordt nu warm hier, zal ik je trui uittrekken?

Come into the room Vincent, I'll have a drink with you / Don't be afraid, just feel free, have a chat with me / What happens in my house, will never ever come out / It's getting hot in here now, shall I take off your shirt?


totaal

nl-noun

totaal n (plural totalen, diminutive totaaltje n)

totalen (plural)
totaaltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch totael, from Middle French total, from Old French total, from Medieval Latin tōtālis, from tōtus (“all, whole, entire”).


titel

titel m (plural titels, diminutive titeltje n)

titels (plural)
titeltje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Javanese: titel

→ Indonesian: titel


taart

taart f (plural taarten, diminutive taartje n)

taarten (plural)
taartje (diminutive neuter)
taert (alternative)
teert (alternative)

Afrikaans: tert

→ Indonesian: tar

Petjo: taart

From Middle Dutch tāerte, from Old French tarte.


vriend

vriend m (plural vrienden, diminutive vriendje n, feminine vriendin)

vrienden (plural)
vriendje (diminutive neuter)
vriendin (feminine)
vrind (alternative)

Afrikaans: vriend

Berbice Creole Dutch: frindi

Javindo: friend

Jersey Dutch: vrînt

Negerhollands: vriend, vrient

Petjo: pring (archaic)

From Middle Dutch vrient, from Old Dutch friunt, from Proto-West Germanic *friund, from Proto-Germanic *frijōndz. Related to the verb vrijen (“to make love; to be in a relationship”).

Luuk en Emma hadden allebei hun vrienden meegenomen naar het feest.

Luuk and Emma had both brought their friends to the party.

Die Merlijn, is dat een vriend van je? — Nou, eigenlijk een vriendin.

This Merlijn person, is he a friend of yours? — Well, we're friends, but actually, Merlijn's a she.

Luuk en Emma hadden allebei hun vriend meegenomen naar het feest.

Luuk and Emma had both brought their boyfriends to the party.

Is Merlijn je vriend? — Nee hoor, gewoon een vriend.

Is Merlijn your boyfriend? — No, he's just a friend.

Maar beste vent, hou gerust van je vriend / En strijd voor je rechten / desnoods er voor vechten / Waar ze jou van beschuldigt / heb jij niet verdiend

1977, “Luister, Anita!”, in R.Servaes (lyrics), C. van Orsouw (music), Luister, Anita!, performed by Zangeres Zonder Naam:

But dear chap, don't hesitate to love your boyfriend / And struggle for your rights / fight for them if necessary / The things she accuses you of / you didn't deserve

Hoewel hij me kende, werd ik straal genegeerd. Geduldig onderging ik zijn hoogmoedigheid. Toen ik na een uurtje nog steeds lucht bleek, stapte ik op hem af. Hij diste me als een vriendje.

2021 December 17, Iwan Brave, “Minachting [Contempt]”, in De Ware Tijd, retrieved 2022-03-13:

Although he knew me, he completely ignored me. Patiently I endured his conceit. When, after an hour, I still appeared to be thin air, I approached him. He dissed me as a loser.

(Suriname, always in the diminutive, colloquial, derogatory) idiot, asshole, loser


vreemde

nonlemma

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nominalization of vreemd: stranger, foreigner


vreemde

In the contemporary form another nominalized use of etymology 1, but perhaps originally from the Middle Dutch feminine vrēmde. The latter interpretation is suggested by German in der Fremde.

foreign land, parts where one is not at home; chiefly used in in den vreemde


volgorde

nl-noun

volgorde f (plural volgorden or volgordes)

op volgorde

Om het spel te winnen moet je je kaarten in de juiste volgorde spelen.

To win the game, you need to play your cards in the correct order.


voet

voet m (plural voeten, diminutive voetje n)

voeten (plural)
voetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: voet

Jersey Dutch: vût

desc

Negerhollands: voet, voeti, fut, futu, vut

→ Virgin Islands Creole: voet (dated)

Skepi Creole Dutch: fut

→? Sranan Tongo: futu

→? Aukan: futu

→ Saramaccan: fútu

From Middle Dutch voet, from Old Dutch fuot, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds.

Hij heeft zijn voet verstuikt tijdens het voetballen.

He sprained his foot while playing football.

Ze wast haar voeten elke avond voor het slapengaan.

She washes her feet every night before going to bed.

De voet van de lamp was gemaakt van marmer.

The base of the lamp was made of marble.

Het standbeeld staat op een grote betonnen voet.

The statue stands on a large concrete base.

foot, base (lowest part of any standard, support, stand or pillar)

De breedte van de kamer is tien voet.

Hij kocht een touw van vijftien voet lang.

In de 18e eeuw mat men de lengte in voet.

In the 18th century, length was measured in feet.

Een voet was vroeger een belangrijke maateenheid in Nederland.

A foot used to be an important unit of measurement in the Netherlands.

(historical) Dutch foot (unit of measure)

Dit gedicht heeft een ritme van vier voeten per vers.

This poem has a rhythm of four feet per line.

Een jambische pentameter heeft vijf voeten per vers.

An iambic pentameter has five feet per line.

(poetry) foot (most basic element of a metre)


vork

nl-noun

vork f (plural vorken, diminutive vorkje n)

vorken (plural)
vorkje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: vurk
→? Sotho: fereko
→ Xhosa: ifolokhwe

Berbice Creole Dutch: forku, foruku

Negerhollands: vork

→ Ambonese Malay: fork

→ Caribbean Javanese: forok

→ Indonesian: porok

→ Papiamentu: fòrki (from the diminutive)

→? Sranan Tongo: forku

→ Aukan: foluku

→ Caribbean Hindustani: forku, phorku

→ Saramaccan: folúku

→ Manado Malay: forok

From Middle Dutch vorke, from Old Dutch furka, from Proto-West Germanic *furkō, from Latin furca. Doublet of fork.

basic piece of cutlery with two or more teeth

forked object
fork of a two-wheeled vehicle


zwak

From Middle Dutch swac, from Old Dutch *swak, from Proto-West Germanic *swak.

Maya heeft een zwak voor thrash.


laag

nl-noun

laag f (plural lagen, diminutive laagje n)

lagen (plural)
laagje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: laag

→ Papiamentu: lag, laag

From Middle Dutch lâge, from Old Dutch *lāga, from Proto-Germanic *lēgō, derived with ablaut from the stem of *ligjaną (“to lie, rest on”).

Ze schilderde meerdere lagen om de kleur te verdiepen.

She painted several layers to deepen the color.

De cake had vijf lagen met verschillende smaken.

The cake had five layers of different flavors.

Een dun laagje ijs bedekte de vijver.

De maatschappelijke lagen zijn duidelijk zichtbaar in deze stad.

The societal strata are clearly visible in this city.

Hij behoort tot de bovenste laag van de samenleving.

He belongs to the upper class of society.

De middenlaag is de ruggengraat van de economie.

The middle stratum is the backbone of the economy.


laat

laat m (plural laten, diminutive laatje n)

laten (plural)
laatje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch laet, from Old Dutch *lāt, from Proto-Germanic *lētaz.


vaak

Afrikaans: vaak

From Middle Dutch vake, from Old Dutch facon. Compare English fag.


zeer

zeer n (plural zeren, diminutive zeertje n)

zeren (plural)
zeertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: seer

Negerhollands: seer

Skepi Creole Dutch: sair

From Middle Dutch sêer, from Old Dutch sēr, from Proto-Germanic *sairą.

(archaic) a sore spot; crust on a wound, boil etc.

(archaic) a cause of physical pain, notably disease; discomfort, uneasiness


thuis

thuis n (plural thuizen, diminutive thuisje n)

thuizen (plural)
thuisje (diminutive neuter)
tehuis (alternative)
t'huis (alternative)

From Middle Dutch thuus, contraction of te huus; equivalent to modern te + huis.

Hoe maak je van een huis een thuis?


toename

toename f or m (plural toenamen or toenames)

Derived from toenemen on the model of German Zunahme. The same is true of other nouns in -name.

Er is een toename in de verkoop van elektrische auto's.

There is an increase in the sales of electric cars.


oefening

oefening f (plural oefeningen, diminutive oefeninkje n)

oefeningen (plural)
oefeninkje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch oefeninge. Equivalent to oefenen + -ing. Compare German Übung (“exercise, practice”).

exercise (activity or problem to train a skill, e.g. exercises in educational material)


zorgen

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


oorzaak

From Middle Dutch orsāke, equivalent to oor- + zaak. Compare Middle Low German orsake, West Frisian oarsaak, German Ursache, Swedish orsak.


gemak

gemak n (plural gemakken, diminutive gemakje n)

gemakken (plural)
gemakje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: gemak

From Middle Dutch gemac, from Old Dutch *gimak, from Proto-Germanic *gamaką, a substantivised form of *gamakaz.


gevolg

gevolg n (plural gevolgen, diminutive gevolgje n)

gevolgen (plural)
gevolgje (diminutive neuter)


grond

grond m (plural gronden, diminutive grondje n)

gronden (plural)
grondje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: grond

Berbice Creole Dutch: grondo

Jersey Dutch: grânt

Negerhollands: grond, gron, grun

Skepi Creole Dutch: groond

→ Sranan Tongo: gron

From Middle Dutch gront, from Old Dutch grunt, from Proto-West Germanic *grundu, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz.

op de grond


haan

haan m (plural hanen, diminutive haantje n)

hanen (plural)
haantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: haan

Berbice Creole Dutch: han

Jersey Dutch: hân

Negerhollands: haan

Petjo: chaan

From Middle Dutch hane, from Old Dutch *hano. Compare German Hahn, Danish hane.

the male of various other species of gallinaceous birds

an object resembling or depicting a cock

the lock or hammer of an older type of firearm

(typically in the diminutive) a macho; a man who flaunts his masculinity


hert

hert n (plural herten, diminutive hertje n)

herten (plural)
hertje (diminutive neuter)
hart (alternative)

Afrikaans: hert

From Middle Dutch hert, from Old Dutch hirut, from Proto-West Germanic *herut, from Proto-Germanic *herutaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-.

1773, Genootschap Laus Deo, Salus Populo, "Psalm 42" (modernised spelling).
't Hijgend hert der jacht ontkomen, schreeuwt niet sterker naar 't genot, van de frisse waterstromen, dan mijn ziel verlangt naar God.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

a deer, a ruminant of the family Cervidae; sometimes used of members of the families Moschidae and Tragulidae in non-scientific use (see derived terms)


hert

herten (plural)
hertje (diminutive neuter)

(Southern) alternative form of hart (“heart”)


kaart

kaart f (plural kaarten, diminutive kaartje n)

kaarten (plural)
kaartje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kaart

Negerhollands: kaert

→? Lokono: kartang

→ Caribbean Hindustani: kártá

→ Indonesian: kartu

→ Papiamentu: karchi (from the diminutive)

→ Sranan Tongo: karta

→ Aukan: kaita

desc

→ Caribbean Javanese: kartah, kar, kertu

→ Saramaccan: káíta

From Middle Dutch cāerte, from Old French carte, from Latin charta.

card (rectangular hard flat object)
postcard

card (rectangular hard flat object)
playing card


kast

nl-noun

kast f (plural kasten, diminutive kastje n)

kasten (plural)
kastje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kas

Berbice Creole Dutch: kasi

Negerhollands: kas, kaśi

→ Virgin Islands Creole: kasi (dated)

→ Indonesian: kas

→ Ternate: kas

→ Papiamentu: kashi, kasji (from the diminutive)

→ Sranan Tongo: kasi

→ Aukan: kasi

→ Caribbean Hindustani: kási

→ Caribbean Javanese: kasi, kas

From Middle Dutch caste (“chest”), from Old Dutch *casto, from Proto-West Germanic *kastō (“chest, reservoir”).


kist

nl-noun

kist f or m (plural kisten, diminutive kistje n)

kisten (plural)
kistje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kis

Berbice Creole Dutch: kesi

Negerhollands: kist

→ Munsee: kusht

→ Sranan Tongo: kisi

→ Caribbean Hindustani: kisi

→ Saramaccan: kési

From Middle Dutch kiste, from Old Dutch *kista, from Proto-West Germanic *kistu, from Latin cista, from Ancient Greek κίστη (kístē), from Proto-Indo-European *kisteh₂.

(informal) a boot or large shoe, especially an army boot


klas

klas f (plural klassen, diminutive klasje n)

klassen (plural)
klasje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: klas

Petjo: kelas

→ Aukan: klasi

→ Caribbean Hindustani: klás

→ Indonesian: kelas

→ Kwinti: klas

→ Papiamentu: klas

Borrowed from French classe, from Latin classis.

travel class (such as first class or economy class)


klasse

klasse f (plural klassen, diminutive klassetje n)

klassen (plural)
klassetje (diminutive neuter)

Petjo: kelas


stoel

stoel m (plural stoelen, diminutive stoeltje n)

stoelen (plural)
stoeltje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: stoel
→ Nǀuu: stulsi
→ Southern Ndebele: ísítúlo
→ Shona: chitúru, chitúro
→ Sotho: setulo
→ Swazi: sítúlo
→ Tsonga: xitulu
→ Xhosa: ísítúlo
→ Zulu: ísítúlo

Jersey Dutch: stûl

Negerhollands: stoel, stul, stuel

Skepi Creole Dutch: stool

→ Aukan: sutuu

→ Fanagalo: stul (possibly via Zulu or from English)

→ Papiamentu: stul, stoeltsje, stoeltji

→ Sranan Tongo: sturu

From Middle Dutch stoel, from Old Dutch stuol, from Proto-West Germanic *stōl, from Proto-Germanic *stōlaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.

a chair, a piece of furniture used for sitting, normally portable and having four legs

(by extension) any seat, from stool to throne; a dais

the base on which something rests, e.g. platform; something fixed on it, notably a workbench

a place of residence, headquarters, powerbase

(botany) a receptacle, stool, a type of stump


kruis

nl-noun

kruis n (plural kruizen or kruisen, diminutive kruisje n)

kruizen (plural)
kruisen (plural)
kruisje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kruis

Negerhollands: kroes, cruis, krus

→ Caribbean Javanese: krèis

→ Indonesian: kres

From Middle Dutch crûce, from Old Dutch *krūci, from Latin crux (“cross”).

Hij droeg een houten kruis om zijn nek.

Teken een kruis in het vakje.

Het kruis is een symbool in veel religies.

The cross is a symbol in many religions.

Het familiewapen had een gouden kruis op een blauw veld.

The family crest had a gold cross on a blue field.

(heraldry) cross (such shape as used in heraldry)

Jezus werd gekruisigd op een kruis.

cross (execution device with such shape)

Iedereen heeft zijn eigen kruis te dragen.

(figuratively) cross (difficult or tortuous situation)

De broek scheurde bij zijn kruis.

De noot had een kruis, wat betekent dat hij een halve toon hoger moet worden gespeeld.

The note had a sharp, meaning it should be played a half tone higher.

Kies je kruis of munt?


natuur

Afrikaans: natuur

Negerhollands: natuur

From Middle Dutch nature, from Old French nature, from Latin nātūra.


vrede

Afrikaans: vrede

Negerhollands: vreed, vrede, vreede

Sranan Tongo: vrede, freide

From Middle Dutch vrēde, from Old Dutch fritho, from Proto-West Germanic *friþu.


lood

lood n (plural loden, diminutive loodje n)

loden (plural)
loodje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: lood

Negerhollands: loodt

→ Saramaccan: lotò

→ Sranan Tongo: loto

→ Caribbean Hindustani: loto

→ Caribbean Javanese: loto

From Middle Dutch lôot, from Old Dutch *lōt, from Proto-West Germanic *laud, from Gaulish *laudon, from Proto-Celtic *ɸloudom.

Kom op jongen, 't zijn de laatste loodjes!

lot (old unit of weight, equal to 1⁄30 or 1⁄32 of a pound)


meneer

meneer m (plural meneren, diminutive meneertje n)

meneren (plural)
meneertje (diminutive neuter)
mijnheer (alternative)
mynheer (alternative)

Afrikaans: meneer

Petjo: m'nir, nir

Skepi Creole Dutch: meneer

→ Caribbean Javanese: menir

→ Indonesian: menir

→ Javanese: ꦩꦼꦤꦶꦂ (menir)

→ Papiamentu: mener

From earlier mijnheer, from Middle Dutch mijnhere. Equivalent to a univerbation of mijn (“my”) + heer (“lord”), formed similarly to English milord.


lach

nl-noun

lach m (uncountable, diminutive lachje n)


kuil

kuil m (plural kuilen, diminutive kuiltje n)

kuilen (plural)
kuiltje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch cule, from Old Dutch *kūla, from Proto-Germanic *kūlō, related to *kūlǭ (“hole”).


laken

laken n (plural lakens, diminutive lakentje n)

lakens (plural)
lakentje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: laak, laeken, laken

→ Caribbean Javanese: laken

→ Papiamentu: laken, laker

From Middle Dutch lāken, from Old Dutch *lakan, from Proto-Germanic *lakaną (“linen, cloth”).

(uncountable) woollen broadcloth (fulled and woven fabric made of wool), very sought-after for clothing in the feudal era


laken

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


mand

nl-noun

mand f (plural manden, diminutive mandje n)

manden (plural)
mandje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: mandjie (from the diminutive)

→ Caribbean Hindustani: mánki

→ Mohegan-Pequot: manodah

→ Saramaccan: mánda

From Middle Dutch mande, from Old Dutch *manda, from Proto-West Germanic *mandu.

basket (receptacle, traditionally made of wicker, now also frequently of plastic)


maat

maat f (plural maten, diminutive maatje n)

maten (plural)
maatje (diminutive neuter)
mate (alternative)

Afrikaans: maat

Berbice Creole Dutch: mete

Negerhollands: maat, meet, maet

→ Indonesian: emat

→ Papiamentu: mat

From older mate, from Middle Dutch mate, from Old Dutch *māta, from Proto-West Germanic *mātu, from Proto-Germanic *mētō.


maat

maat m (plural maten or maats, diminutive maatje n)

maten (plural)
maats (plural)
maatje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: maat
→ English: maat

Berbice Creole Dutch: mati

Negerhollands: maat, maet

Skepi Creole Dutch: matte

→ Polish: mat

desctree

→ Sranan Tongo: mati (via the diminutive)
Aukan: mati
Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin: mati
→ Dutch: mattie
→ Kari'na: mati

From a borrowing of Middle Low German māt, māte, from Old Saxon *gimato, of West Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *gamatjô, itself from *ga- (“together”) + *matjô, from *matiz (“food”).
Cognate with Old High German gimazzo, English mate.

(law, business) partner (in a business venture)


stap

nl-noun

stap m (plural stappen, diminutive stapje n)

stappen (plural)
stapje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: stap

Negerhollands: stap

→ Papiamentu: stap (dated)

From Middle Dutch stap. Possibly from the same Germanic form from which English step derives (Proto-Germanic *stapiz) but with the vowel reverted to -a- by analogy with the verb stappen; alternatively from a closely related form that was not subject to i-umlaut.


fris

fris m (uncountable, diminutive frisje n)


resultaat

resultaat n (plural resultaten, diminutive resultaatje n)

resultaten (plural)
resultaatje (diminutive neuter)

Er is in drie jaar geen enkel resultaat geboekt.

In three years not a single result has been achieved.


signaal

signaal n (plural signalen, diminutive signaaltje n)

signalen (plural)
signaaltje (diminutive neuter)
signael (alternative obsolete)

→ Indonesian: sinyal

Borrowed from Middle French signal. First attested in 1588.

(telecommunications) signal (electromagnetic action that conveys information)

(computing) signal (simple interprocess communication)


gelijk

From Middle Dutch gelike, gelijc, from Old Dutch *gilīki, from Proto-West Germanic *galīkī, from Proto-Germanic *galīkiją.

Hij is zeker van zijn gelijk.

Je hebt gelijk.


lomp

From Proto-Germanic *lumpa-, related to *limpaną (“to glide, go, hang loosely”), similar to German Lumpen (“tatter, rag”).


sigaret

sigaret f (plural sigaretten, diminutive sigaretje n)

sigaretten (plural)
sigaretje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: sigaret

Petjo: siharet, sikaret

→ Indonesian: sigaret

→ Saramaccan: sigaleti


rivier

rivier f or m (plural rivieren, diminutive riviertje n)

rivieren (plural)
riviertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: rivier

Jersey Dutch: rîver

From Middle Dutch riviere, from Old French riviere.


veel

veel f (plural veels or velen, diminutive veeltje n)

veels (plural)
velen (plural)
veeltje (diminutive neuter)

(archaic or poetic) alternative form of vedel


verstand

verstand n (uncountable, diminutive verstandje n)

Negerhollands: verstand, verstant

→ Sranan Tongo: ferstan

desc

→ Caribbean Javanese: ferstang, perstang

Derived from verstaan. Compare Old High German firstant.


kraan

nl-noun

kraan f (plural kranen, diminutive kraantje n)

kranen (plural)
kraantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kraan

→ Aukan: kalan

→ Caribbean Hindustani: krán

→ Malay: keran

Indonesian: keran

→ Japanese: カラン (karan)

→ Papiamentu: kranchi, kramchi (from the diminutive), kran, kraan

q

or from Middle Low German <i class="Latn mention" lang="gml">krān</i>

→ Russian: кран (kran) (or from Middle Low German krān) (see there for further descendants)

→ Saramaccan: kalán

→ Sranan Tongo: krân

→ Caribbean Javanese: krang

From Middle Dutch crāne, from Old Dutch *crano, from Proto-West Germanic *kranō, from Proto-Germanic *kranô. The senses “tap” and “crane” as a machine are both based on resemblance with the bird's neck.


kraan

nl-noun

kraan m (plural kranen, diminutive kraantje n)

Negerhollands: kren

(obsolete) synonym of kraanvogel (“crane (bird)”)


verleden

From Middle Dutch verleden, the past participle of verliden (“to pass by”) (modern verlijden).

We kunnen niet leven in het verleden, we moeten vooruit kijken.

We can't live in the past, we need to look forward.


vierkant

vierkant n (plural vierkanten, diminutive vierkantje n)

vierkanten (plural)
vierkantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vierkant

→ Sranan Tongo: fokanti

→ Saramaccan: fö́kánti

From vier (“four”) + kant (“side”). Compare Danish firkant and Swedish fyrkant.


succes

succes n (plural successen, diminutive succesje n)

successen (plural)
succesje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: sukses

From French succès (“success”), from Latin successus, past participle of succedere, from sub and cēdere (“withdraw, yield”).


straat

straat f (plural straten, diminutive straatje n)

straten (plural)
straatje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: straat
→ English: straat
→ Swazi: sitaladi
→ Xhosa: isitrato, isitalato

→ Ambonese Malay: strat

→ Indonesian: setrat

→ Sranan Tongo: strati
→ Aukan: sitaati, strati
→ Caribbean Hindustani: stráti
→ Saramaccan: sitááti

From Middle Dutch strâte, from Old Dutch strāta, from Proto-West Germanic *strātu (“street”), from Latin strāta, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to stretch out, extend, spread”).
The sense “strait” is a phono-semantic matching of Middle English streit, from Old French estreit, from Latin strictus. Compare German Straße.

psm

Straat Yucatan — the Yucatán Channel or Straits of Yucatán

Straat (van) Malakka


meel

Afrikaans: meel

Berbice Creole Dutch: meli

Negerhollands: meel, mil

→ Lokono: meli

From Middle Dutch mēle, Old Dutch *melo, Proto-West Germanic *melu, from Proto-Germanic *melwą.


vergelijking

nl-noun

vergelijking f (plural vergelijkingen, diminutive vergelijkinkje n)

vergelijkingen (plural)
vergelijkinkje (diminutive neuter)


vouwen

nonlemma

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


vloer

nl-noun

vloer m (plural vloeren, diminutive vloertje n)

vloeren (plural)
vloertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vloer

Berbice Creole Dutch: fluru

Negerhollands: vloer, vluer, flu

→ Sranan Tongo: flur

→ Caribbean Javanese: felur, pelur

From Middle Dutch vloer, from Old Dutch *fluor, from Proto-Germanic *flōraz.


verhoging

verhoging f (plural verhogingen, diminutive verhoginkje n)

verhogingen (plural)
verhoginkje (diminutive neuter)

/vərˈɦoːɣɪŋ/

/vɛrˈɦoː.ɣɪŋ/

From Middle Dutch verhogine. Equivalent to verhogen + -ing.

elevation, an eminence (raised portion of land)

elevated body temperature, mild fever, febrile hyperthermia


vakantie

vakantie f (plural vakanties or (archaic) vakantiën, diminutive vakantietje n)

vakanties (plural)
vakantiën (archaic plural)
vakantietje (diminutive neuter)
vacantie (alternative)

Afrikaans: vakansie

→ Aukan: fakansi

→ Indonesian: vakansi

→ Saramaccan: fakansi

→ Sranan Tongo: fakansi

→ Caribbean Javanese: fakansi

From Middle Dutch vacantie, from Medieval Latin vacantia.

Droom jij ook van een vakantie die wat langer duurt?

Do you also dream of a vacation that lasts a bit longer?


vak

vak n (plural vakken, diminutive vakje n)

vakken (plural)
vakje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vak

→ Indonesian: vak

From Middle Dutch vac, from Old Dutch *fak, from Proto-West Germanic *fak, from Proto-Germanic *faką. In some of the contemporary senses probably influenced by cognate German Fach.

a subject, discipline, class, notably in education


vaarwel

Afrikaans: vaarwel

Negerhollands: vaerwel

From varen (“to fare, to go, to travel”) + wel (“well”).

a farewell, an occasion of saying goodbye; a departure


margarine

→ Indonesian: margarin

Borrowed from French margarine, from Ancient Greek μάργαρον (márgaron, “pearl”) with the suffix -ine.


pimpernel

nl-noun

pimpernel f (plural pimpernellen, diminutive pimpernelletje n)

pimpernellen (plural)
pimpernelletje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch pimpernelle, from Old French piprenelle, from Medieval Latin pimpinella. Doublet of bevernel.

a burnet, any plant of the genus Sanguisorba


serval

Leptailurus serval
Leptailurus serval#Translingual


cadeau

cadeau n (plural cadeaus, diminutive cadeautje n)

cadeaus (plural)
cadeautje (diminutive neuter)
kado (alternative)

Afrikaans: kado

→ Aukan: kado

→ Caribbean Hindustani: kádo

→ Indonesian: kado

→ Javanese: ꦏꦝꦺꦴ (kadho)

→ Saramaccan: kadó

→ Sranan Tongo: kado


exordium

exordium n (plural exordia or exordiums)

introduction, preface (to an essay or plea)


maas

maas f (plural mazen, diminutive maasje n)

mazen (plural)
maasje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch maesche, from Old Dutch *maska, from Proto-West Germanic *maskā, from Proto-Germanic *maskwǭ.

Hij glipte door de mazen van het net.

He escaped through the holes in the net.

the basic element constituting a mesh or net


sambal

sambals (plural)
sambel (alternative Suriname)

Borrowed from Malay sambal, from Javanese ꦱꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ (sambel). In Surinamese Dutch, it may have been directly borrowed from Javanese, although the meaning is rather distinct from the Javanese word, probably an ellipsis of Javanese ꦱꦩ꧀ꦧꦼꦭ꧀ꦲꦠꦶ (sambel ati).

1797, J. S. Stavorinus, Reize van Zeeland over de Kaap de Goede Hoop en Batavia, naar Samarang, Macasser, Amboina, Suratte, enz., vol. I, publ. by A. & J. Honkoop, page 261.
Ook maakt men van dit fijnſte meel iets gereed dat men Popeda noemt, het welk veel overeenkomst heeft met onze zoogenaamde Boekweite-brei, doch het is veel lijmiger; men eet dit van ſtokjens, die, in de Popeda geſtoken, een gedeelte, dat aan dezelven kleeven blijft, medeneemen, die voords in vischnat gedoopt zijnde, met een weinig visch en Sambal voor de beste ſpijs der Amboineezen gehouden wordt; ja zelfs voor die geenen, welke van Europeërs afkomstig zijn.

Also from this finest flour something is prepared that is called papeda, which is very similar to our so-called buckwheat porridge, but it is much more gluey; it is eaten from sticks which, when dipped in the papeda, take with them a quantity that remains stuck to them, which, after it is then dipped in fish juice, together with some fish and sambal, is considered the best dish of the Ambonese; indeed, even of those originating from Europeans.

(Netherlands, Belgium, chiefly uncountable) Sambal, a relish made from chili peppers

(Suriname) a spicy spread made of chili peppers and chicken, esp. chopped liver


horst

horst f (plural horsten, diminutive horstje n)

horsten (plural)
horstje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch horst, from Old Dutch *hurst, from Proto-West Germanic *hursti. Cognate with English horst and German Horst (“horst; eyrie”).

(geology) an area of the earth's surface which is raised relative to surrounding land; a horst


coronavirus

From translingual Coronavirus. Equivalent to corona.

Bovendien krijgt het rhinovirus in al zijn gedaantes vaak steun van een ander soort virus, coronavirus genaamd, dat ook weer onderverdeeld kan worden in een groot aantal serotypes.

1973 January 8, “Vrijwilligers melden trots een infectie”, in Nederlands Dagblad, page 4:

(virology) coronavirus (member of the family Coronaviridae)


dijk

dijk m (plural dijken, diminutive dijkje n)

dijken (plural)
dijkje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: dijk

From Middle Dutch dijc, from Old Dutch dīc, from Proto-West Germanic *dīk, from Proto-Germanic *dīkaz (compare German Teich and Deich, West Frisian dyk, English ditch, Icelandic díki), from Proto-Indo-European *dheigʷ.

Coordinate term: dam


klomp

klomp m (plural klompen, diminutive klompje n)

klompen (plural)
klompje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: klomp

Berbice Creole Dutch: klumpu

Negerhollands: klomp, klump

→ English: klomp, clomp

→ Papiamentu: klòmpi, klompi, klòmp

→ Sranan Tongo: klompu

From Middle Dutch clompe (“lump or mass of metal, wooden shoe, clump”), from Old Dutch *klumpo, from Proto-Germanic *klumpô (“lump, clump, mass; clasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *glembʰ- (“clamp, mass”). Cognate with Old Frisian klumpa, English clump, Low German Klump, German Klumpen. Related to clamp. Doublet of club.

der

a clump, nugget, lump (an unshaped piece or mass)

(field hockey) a kicker, protective footwear worn by goalkeepers


kroeg

nl-noun

kroeg f (plural kroegen, diminutive kroegje n)

kroegen (plural)
kroegje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kroeg

→ West Frisian: kroech c

Possibly borrowed from Middle Low German krôch or its dialectal variant krûch. Cognate with German Krug.

We gaan gewoon naar de kroeg.


wegen

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


streek

nl-noun

streek f (plural streken, diminutive streekje n)

streken (plural)
streekje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: streek

Negerhollands: streek

→ Papiamentu: streek (dated)

From Middle Dutch strēke, strēec, from Old Dutch *striki, from Proto-West Germanic *striki, from Proto-Germanic *strikiz.
In Middle Dutch there may have been a merger of the above noun with a descendant of related Proto-West Germanic *straik. Compare the German distinction between Strich and Streich. The fact that most Dutch dialects with a distinction between original and secondary length point to *striki does not necessarily mean that *straik did not exist (but only that they were merged in favour of the former). Limburgish streik at any rate is from *straik and combines the same meanings as in Dutch.

een vos verliest wel zijn haren, maar niet zijn streken

stroke (movement e.g. with a paintbrush)


jat

jat c (plural jatten, diminutive jatje n)

jatten (plural)
jatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Yiddish יד (yad, “hand”) from Hebrew יָד (yāḏ, “hand”).


jat

jat f (plural jatten, diminutive jatje n)

From French jatte (“pan; bowl; skeel”), from Latin gabata (“a kind of deep dish or platter”).

der

(Belgium, dialect) cup (like a cup of coffee or tea)


menhir

nl-noun

menhir m (plural menhirs, diminutive menhirtje n)

menhirs (plural)
menhirtje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Breton menhir, from Breton maen-hir.


delicatessen

First attested 1642 http://www.etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/delicatesse. Plural of delicatesse (“fine food”), from French délicatesse, from délicat (“fine”), from Latin delicatus (“alluring”).


platina

→ Indonesian: platina


cortège

cortège n or m (plural cortèges, diminutive cortègetje n)

cortèges (plural)
cortègetje (diminutive neuter)

/ˌkɔrˈtɛː.ʒə/

Unadapted borrowing from French cortège, from Italian corteggio, from Italian corteggiare, from Latin cortem, from Latin cors, an alternative form of Latin cohors, which is a compound of co- (see cum) and -hors (see hortus).


toko

toko m (plural toko's, diminutive tokootje n)

toko's (plural)
tokootje (diminutive neuter)

→ English: toko

From Indonesian Malay toko (“shop”), from Hokkien 土庫 /土库 (thó͘-khò͘, “private storehouse”).

der

A shop for excellent DRINKS.

1879 May 26, W. F. van Erp, "Een toko van keurige provisien." (advertisement), De locomotief. Samarangsch handels- en advertentie-blad, vol. 28, issue 120, page 4. Een TOKO van puike DRANKEN. Een TOKO om fraaie CADEAUTJES te koopen Een TOKO om sterke, mooie IJzeren LEDIKANTEN met toebehooren te koopen. Een TOKO van alle soorten BANKET en SUIKERWERK. […]

A shop where you can buy beautiful GIFTS
A shop where you can buy strong, beautiful IRON COTS with accessories.
A shop for all types of BANQUET and SWEETS.

(historical, referring to Indonesia) a Dutch, otherwise European or Chinese shop

2007, Peter Gordon, Groente - opnieuw ontdekt, tr. by Aniek Njiokiktjien, Inmerc, 8.
Struin maar eens over een boerenmarkt om te zien wat er plaatselijk allemaal geteeld en verkocht wordt, of ga naar de dichtstbijzijnde toko of naar een ruim gesorteerde supermarkt om te zien welke onbekende ingrediënten er gewoon bij je om de hoek te koop zijn.

(Netherlands) a grocery store or supermarket specializing in Southeast Asian (especially Indonesian or Chinese Indonesian) products, which are mostly food items

Opende de toko, sloot de toko, ik wóónde praktisch in die toko.

2015, Anna Nooshin, On Top, Unieboek | Het Sprectrum:

Opened the store, closed the store, I practically lived in that store.

(colloquial, Netherlands) shop, store, stand

2010, Aefke ten Hagen, In naam van mijn vader, Mistral/FMB Uitgevers.
‘Peter!’ doet Wouter enthousiast. ‘Goed om jou hier te treffen!’
‘Tja,’ lacht Peter. ‘Het is mijn toko.’
‘Peter!’ says Wouter with enthusiasm. ‘Good to see you here!’

‘Well,’ Peter laughs. ‘It is my business.’

De andere Japanse games-toko, Nintendo genaamd, zegt ook een beter ontwikkelklimaat te willen voor indie-ontwikkelaars.

2013 March, Chris Broesder, “Games ontwikkelen voor Nintendo en Sony wordt makkelijker”, in Personal Computer Magazine:

The other Japanese games company, called Nintendo, says it also wants a better development environment for indie developers.

Ga eens naar de balansen, kijken we wat die toko waard is.

2015, Daniël Meyer, De man van Venus, Futuro:

Go check the balances, then we'll see what the value of that business is.

(colloquial, Netherlands) any company or business


lus

nl-noun

lus f (plural lussen, diminutive lusje n)

lussen (plural)
lusje (diminutive neuter)
lis (alternative dialectal)
luts (alternative dialectal)

→ Saramaccan: lásu

From Middle Dutch litse, from Old French lice, from Vulgar Latin līcia, from Latin līcium.


schiereiland

schiereiland n (plural schiereilanden, diminutive schiereilandje n)

schiereilanden (plural)
schiereilandje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: skiereiland

From schier (“almost”, adverb) + eiland (“island”), calque of Latin paenīnsula.


ijszee

nl-noun

ijszee f (plural ijszeeën, diminutive ijszeetje n)

ijszeeën (plural)
ijszeetje (diminutive neuter)


zuidpool

zuidpool m (plural zuidpolen, diminutive zuidpooltje n)

zuidpolen (plural)
zuidpooltje (diminutive neuter)


noordpool

noordpool m (plural noordpolen, diminutive noordpooltje n)

noordpolen (plural)
noordpooltje (diminutive neuter)


overkant

overkant m (plural overkanten, diminutive overkantje n)

overkanten (plural)
overkantje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: ofrisikandi

Zij woont aan de overkant.

Aan de overkant van de rivier.

On the far side of the river. (i.e. across the river)

the other side, the opposite side, the far side


overzijde

overzijde f (plural overzijden, diminutive overzijdetje n)

overzijden (plural)
overzijdetje (diminutive neuter)

Aan de overzijde van het gebouw.

Aan de overzijde van de oceaan.

Aan de overzijde van het graf.


ideogram

ideogram n (plural ideogrammen, diminutive ideogrammetje n)

ideogrammen (plural)
ideogrammetje (diminutive neuter)


tjalk

tjalk m or f (plural tjalken, diminutive tjalkje n)

tjalken (plural)
tjalkje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from West Frisian tsjalk. Often considered a diminutive of an unattested Old Frisian cognate of kiel (“keel”).

an old Dutch sailing barge with a round bow, leeboards and a gaff-rigged mast


mengsel

mengsel n (plural mengsels, diminutive mengseltje n)

mengsels (plural)
mengseltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: mengsel

suffix

stem of <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">mengen</i>

Het mengsel van bloem, suiker en boter wordt gebruikt om de taart te maken.

The mixture of flour, sugar, and butter is used to make the cake.

Ze maakte een mengsel van verschillende kruiden voor de marinade.

She made a mixture of different spices for the marinade.

Het mengsel moet goed worden geroerd voordat het wordt gekookt.

The mixture needs to be stirred well before it is cooked.


avondklok

nl-noun

avondklok f (plural avondklokken, diminutive avondklokje n)

avondklokken (plural)
avondklokje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: aandklok

→ Indonesian: jam malam (calque)

From Middle Dutch avontclocke. Equivalent to avond (“evening”) + klok (“clock, bell”).


stoomboot

nl-noun

stoomboot m (plural stoomboten, diminutive stoombootje n)

stoomboten (plural)
stoombootje (diminutive neuter)

From stoom + boot, calque of English steamboat. First attested in the early 19th century.


tikfout

tikfout f (plural tikfouten, diminutive tikfoutje n)

tikfouten (plural)
tikfoutje (diminutive neuter)


tulp

tulp f (plural tulpen, diminutive tulpje n)

tulpen (plural)
tulpje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: tulp

→ German: Tulpe (see there for further descendants)

→ Luxembourgish: Tulp, Tullep

→ Plautdietsch: Tulp

Borrowed from Middle French tulipe, from Turkish tülbent (“fine muslin, turban”), from Persian دلبند (dolband, “turban”). Doublet of tulband.


windmolen

windmolen m (plural windmolens, diminutive windmolentje n)

windmolens (plural)
windmolentje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: windmeul

Negerhollands: windmoela


kruidnagel

kruidnagel m (plural kruidnagelen or kruidnagels, diminutive kruidnageltje n)

kruidnagelen (plural)
kruidnagels (plural)
kruidnageltje (diminutive neuter)

desc

→ Papiamentu: kreinagel, kreiná, krijdnagel

Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium aromaticum#Translingual

clove, the dried, often ground flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum


binnenkant

nl-noun

binnenkant m (plural binnenkanten, diminutive binnenkantje n)

binnenkanten (plural)
binnenkantje (diminutive neuter)

De binnenkant van de doos.

aan de binnenkant


donatie

donatie f (plural donaties, diminutive donatietje n)

donaties (plural)
donatietje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: donashi

Borrowed from Middle French donation, from Latin dōnātiō.


typfout

typfout f (plural typfouten, diminutive typfoutje n)

typfouten (plural)
typfoutje (diminutive neuter)
typefout (alternative)


typefout

typefout f (plural typefouten, diminutive typefoutje n)

typefouten (plural)
typefoutje (diminutive neuter)


aansteker

aansteker m (plural aanstekers, diminutive aanstekertje n)

aanstekers (plural)
aanstekertje (diminutive neuter)

(rare) one who lights or kindles a fire or light source

(dated, metallurgy) a lever used to cast molten metal into a furnace


aardbei

aardbei m or f (plural aardbeien, diminutive aardbeitje n)

aardbeien (plural)
aardbeitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: aarbei

→ Indonesian: arbei

→ Papiamentu: artbèi

From Middle Dutch erdbēre, erdbēsie, from Old Dutch *erthberi, from Proto-West Germanic *erþubaʀi, from Proto-Germanic *erþōbazją (literally “earth-berry”). The latter part of the compound was replaced in modern Dutch with bei, from Middle Dutch baye, from Old French baie, from Latin bacca. Cognate with West Frisian ierdbei, German Erdbeere, Danish jordbær.

inh

strawberry (berry of various plants of genus Fragaria)

strawberry (any plant of genus Fragaria)


abrikoos

nl-noun

abrikoos m or f (plural abrikozen, diminutive abrikoosje n)

abrikozen (plural)
abrikoosje (diminutive neuter)
appelkoos (alternative archaic)

Afrikaans: appelkoos

desctree

→ German: Aprikose
→ Estonian: aprikoos
→ Kashubian: aprikóza (dated)
→ Latvian: aprikoze
→ Lithuanian: abrikosas
→ Lower Sorbian: aprikoza
→ Silesian: aprikŏza
→ Upper Sorbian: aprikoza

→ Indonesian: abrikos

→ Russian: абрико́с (abrikós), абрико́съ (abrikós) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Adyghe: абрикос (abrikʷos)
→ Eastern Mari: абрикос (abrikos)
→ Komi-Zyrian: абрикос (abrikos)
→ Tatar: абрикос (abrikos)

→ Ukrainian: абрикос (abrykos)

Late 16th century. Borrowed from Late Middle French abricots, plural of abricot, from Spanish albaricoque, from Arabic اَلْبَرْقُوق (al-barqūq), from Ancient Greek πραικόκιον (praikókion), from Latin praecoqua. At the time of the borrowing, the French plural-s was still pronounced (at least in pausal position), hence the form abrikoos.

der

اَلْبَرْقُوق


accu

nl-noun

accu m (plural accu's, diminutive accuutje n)

accu's (plural)
accuutje (diminutive neuter)
akku (alternative)

→ Indonesian: aki

Clipping of accumulator. Perhaps via French.


achternaam

achternaam m (plural achternamen, diminutive achternaampje n)

achternamen (plural)
achternaampje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: agternaam


ader

ader f or m (plural aders or aderen, diminutive adertje n)

aders (plural)
aderen (plural)
adertje (diminutive neuter)
aar (alternative dialectal)
aâr (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: aar

Negerhollands: ader, aar

→ Papiamentu: ader, ardu

From Middle Dutch ādere, from Old Dutch *āthera, from Proto-West Germanic *ādrā.

(by extension) any narrow and long passageway essential to a larger networked system such as roads


asbak

asbak m (plural asbakken, diminutive asbakje n)

asbakken (plural)
asbakje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Javanese: asbag

→ Indonesian: asbak

→ Papiamentu: asbak


dokter

dokter m (plural dokters or doktoren, diminutive doktertje n, feminine doktores)

dokters (plural)
doktoren (plural)
doktertje (diminutive neuter)
doktores (feminine)

Afrikaans: dokter

Jersey Dutch: dâktor

Negerhollands: doktu, dokter

→ Caribbean Hindustani: dáktar

→ Caribbean Javanese: dhokter

desctree

→ Indonesian: dokter
→ Balinese: ᬤᭀᬓ᭄ᬢᭂᬃ (dokter)
→ Javanese: ꦝꦺꦴꦏ꧀ꦠꦼꦂ (dhokter)
→ Minangkabau: doto, dotor
→ Nias: doto
→ Sundanese: dokter
→ Ternate: dokter

desc

→ Papiamentu: dòkter, dòchter, dòktu, dokter

→ Sranan Tongo: datra

→ Aukan: dataa

→ Kari'na: datra

→ Trió: ratra

From doctor, assimilated to Dutch phonetics through common use, from Middle Dutch doctoor, from Latin doctor.


banaan

nl-noun

banaan f (plural bananen, diminutive banaantje n)

bananen (plural)
banaantje (diminutive neuter)
bananne (alternative archaic)

Berbice Creole Dutch: banana

Negerhollands: banana

Skepi Creole Dutch: banan

→? Aukan: baana

→? Sranan Tongo: bana

→ Caribbean Hindustani: báná

→ Caribbean Javanese: banah

Borrowed from Portuguese banana, probably from a West African language.

(offensive, ethnic slur) black person, person of African heritage


boter

boter f (plural boters, diminutive botertje n)

boters (plural)
botertje (diminutive neuter)
botter (alternative dialectal)

Afrikaans: botter

→ Sotho: botoro

Berbice Creole Dutch: botro

Jersey Dutch: bœter

Negerhollands: botter

→ Akan: buturu

→ Ewe: butru

→ Ga: butru

→ Loup A: boutel

→ Mahican: póten

→ Munsee: póotal

→ Sranan Tongo: botro

Aukan: botoo

→ Caribbean Hindustani: botro

→ Caribbean Javanese: botro

→ Unami: putël

From Middle Dutch bōter, from Old Dutch *butera, from Proto-West Germanic *buterā, from Medieval Latin būtȳrum, from Ancient Greek βούτυρον (boúturon).
Compare Limburgish bótter, West Flemish beuter, Zealandic beuter, Middle Low German botter, German Low German Botter, Plautdietsch Botta, Old Frisian butera, North Frisian bööder, Saterland Frisian Buutere, West Frisian bûter, Old English butere, English butter, Scots butter, Yola buthther, Old High German butera, German Butter, Alemannic German Butter, Bavarian Budan, Gottscheerish púttər, Hunsrik Butter, Luxembourgish Botter, Pennsylvania German Budder.

a butter substitute, typically made of vegetable oils


bril

bril m (plural brillen, diminutive brilletje n)

brillen (plural)
brilletje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: bril
→ Sotho: borele

Jersey Dutch: bräl

→ Papiamentu: brel

→ Saramaccan: beéi

→ Sranan Tongo: brel, breri

From Middle Dutch beril (“beryl”), from Latin beryllus (“beryl”), from Ancient Greek βήρυλλος (bḗrullos), from Prakrit [Term?] (compare Sanskrit वैडूर्य (vaiḍūrya, “a cat's eye gem; a jewel”)), from Dravidian. Probably named after the city Velur (modern day Belur) in southern India. The first glasses, manufactured in Italy around 1300, were made of beryl. The meaning “toilet seat” is newer and derived from the similarity in shape to a single eyeglass. The word thus forms a doublet of beril (“beryl”).

der

a pattern on various animal species, often named after it

(obsolete) a lunette, small fortification element

anything of similar shape
a lunette, small fortification element


gracht

nl-noun

gracht f or m (plural grachten, diminutive grachtje n)

grachten (plural)
grachtje (diminutive neuter)
graft (alternative)

Afrikaans: grag

→ English: gracht

→ German: Gracht

→ Papiamentu: gracht (dated)

→ West Frisian: gracht

From Middle Dutch gracht, from Old Dutch *graft, *graht, from Proto-Germanic *graftuz. Equivalent to graven (“to dig”) + -t (“verbal noun”).

In Amsterdam is er een straat langs een gracht, waar een beperkt stopverbod van kracht is.

In Amsterdam, there is a road running alongside a canal where parking is restricted.

(Netherlands) canal (in a city, with houses on each side)

2017 January 10, Het Laatste Nieuws, "Monsterfile op E17 na ongeval in Destelbergen, vrachtwagen in gracht op E40".
Op de E40 tussen Beernem en Aalter kreeg een vrachtwagen rond 7 uur 's morgens een klapband. Hierdoor belandde de vrachtwagen, die geladen was met aarde, op zijn zijkant in de gracht.

A truck got a flat tyre on the E40 between Beernem and Aalter around 7 o'clock in the morning. This caused the truck, which was loaded with earth, to end up on its side in the ditch.

(Belgium) ditch, trench (in the countryside, referring to both those that contain water and those that are dry)


gracht

gracht n (plural grachten, diminutive grachtje n)


naaimachine

naaimachine f (plural naaimachines, diminutive naaimachientje n or naaimachinetje n)

naaimachines (plural)
naaimachientje (diminutive neuter)
naaimachinetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: mesin jahit (calque)

From naaien (“to sew”) + machine (“machine”).


peetoom

peetoom m (plural peetooms, diminutive peetoompje n)

peetooms (plural)
peetoompje (diminutive neuter)


deugd

Afrikaans: deug

From Middle Dutch dōghet, dōget, from Old Dutch *dugath, *dugeth, *dugith (“virtue”), from Proto-Germanic *dugunþō (“usefulness, virtue”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ- (“to be ready, be sufficient”).


haai

nl-noun

haai m (plural haaien, diminutive haaitje n)

haaien (plural)
haaitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: haai

→ German: Hai

→ West Frisian: haai

From Middle Dutch haeye, from Old Norse hár (“shark”), with the /j/ appearing influenced by the declined forms /hajə(n)/. Probably from Proto-Germanic *hanh-u-, related to *hakô (“hook”), referring to the shark's back fin. Cognate with Swedish haj, and German Hai.

a shark, fish of the superorder Selachimorpha (sometimes also including certain extinct shark-like members of the Elasmobranchii outside this superorder)


haai

De straat maakt daar eenen haai

Die beek loopt met veel haaien en draaien.

That streams runs with many twists and turns.

Dat stuk land ligt met eenen haai.

Die kamer heeft eenen haai.

(obsolete, East and West Flanders) turn, angle, incline.


jurk

jurk f (plural jurken, diminutive jurkje n)

jurken (plural)
jurkje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: jurk

Uncertain. Possibly shortened from earlier *jurreken (compare English jerkin), assimilated from *jurneken, from Middle Dutch jo(u)rney, journede (“surcoat”), from Old French journée, formed from jor (“day (of the tournament)”), with the suffix -ade (“at, from or before”).
In the sense 'clothing' first found in 1691. In the 19th century the meaning shifted from children's to women's clothing.


kus

kus m (plural kussen, diminutive kusje n)

kussen (plural)
kusje (diminutive neuter)
kos (alternative)

Afrikaans: kus

Berbice Creole Dutch: kosi

Negerhollands: kus

From Middle Dutch kos, kus, from Old Dutch *kos, *kus, from Proto-West Germanic *koss, from Proto-Germanic *kussaz.
The older Dutch forms with -u- are taken from the verb, those with -o- derive directly from the noun. Compare German Kuss, English kiss, Danish kys.

socialist fraternal kiss
socialist fraternal kiss


marmer

Afrikaans: marmer

→ Indonesian: marmêr

→ Papiamentu: marmer

From Middle Dutch marmer, from Latin marmor, from Ancient Greek μάρμαρος (mármaros).


muis

muis m or f (plural muizen, diminutive muisje n)

muizen (plural)
muisje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: muis

Jersey Dutch: mäus

Negerhollands: mischi, miśi, muśi

→ Caribbean Hindustani: mus

→ Sranan Tongo: moismoisi

From Middle Dutch muus, from Old Dutch *mūs, from Proto-West Germanic *mūs.
The computing sense is a semantic loan from English mouse.

als de kat van huis is, dansen de muizen op tafel

De kat jaagt op de muis.

Er zit een muis in het huis.

Ze heeft een muis gevangen.

De muis van mijn computer werkt niet goed.

The mouse of my computer isn't working well.

Koop je een draadloze muis of een met draad?

Are you buying a wireless mouse or a wired one?

Ik gebruik liever een muis dan een touchpad.

(computing) mouse (an input device to operate a computer by steering a cursor and clicking)


paleis

paleis n (plural paleizen, diminutive paleisje n)

paleizen (plural)
paleisje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: paleis

From Middle Dutch palais, from Old French palais, from Latin palātium. Doublet of palts.


baard

baard m (plural baarden, diminutive baardje n)

baarden (plural)
baardje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: baard

Negerhollands: baard

→ Virgin Islands Creole: bad (archaic)

→ Norwegian Nynorsk: barde

→ West Frisian: baard

From Middle Dutch baert, from Old Dutch *bart, from Proto-West Germanic *bard, from Proto-Germanic *bardaz, Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰ-eh₂.

beard (mass of facial hair that includes chin hair)


snor

snor f (plural snorren, diminutive snorretje n)

snorren (plural)
snorretje (diminutive neuter)

Shortened from snorbaard, a borrowing from Low German snurbaard. Compare German Low German Snurrbaart, Saterland Frisian Snurboart, West Frisian snor, German Schnurrbart. The word is earliest attested in Dutch language in 1844.


snor

snor m (plural snorren, diminutive snorretje n)

Locustella luscinioides
Locustella luscinioides#Translingual

Savi's warbler (Locustella luscinioides)


zool

zool f (plural zolen, diminutive zooltje n)

zolen (plural)
zooltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: sool

→ Indonesian: sol


zweet

Afrikaans: sweet

Negerhollands: sweet

From Middle Dutch sweet, swet, from Old Dutch *sweit, *swēt, from Proto-Germanic *swait-, from Proto-Indo-European *swoyd-, *sweyd-. Compare German Schweiß, West Frisian swit, English sweat, Danish sved.


zalm

zalm m (plural zalmen, diminutive zalmpje n)

zalmen (plural)
zalmpje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: salm

→? West Frisian: salm

→ Caribbean Javanese: salem

From Middle Dutch salm, salme, from Old Dutch *salmo, from Latin salmō (“salmon”), of uncertain origin. Related to Old Saxon salmo (> Middle Low German salme (“salmon”)), Old High German salmo (> German Salm (“salmon”)) from the same Latin source.


hartaanval

hartaanval m (plural hartaanvallen, diminutive hartaanvalletje n)

hartaanvallen (plural)
hartaanvalletje (diminutive neuter)


aanvaller

aanvaller m (plural aanvallers, diminutive aanvallertje n)

aanvallers (plural)
aanvallertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: aanvaller


illegaal

illegaal m or f (plural illegalen, diminutive illegaaltje n)

illegalen (plural)
illegaaltje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French illégal, from Medieval Latin illēgālis.


saai

→ Virgin Islands Creole: saja (dated)

From Middle Dutch saye, saey, from Old French saie, from Latin sagum.

een bolleke sui


boterham

boterham m (plural boterhammen, diminutive boterhammetje n)

boterhammen (plural)
boterhammetje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: botterham

→ English: butter-ham

→ Indonesian: botram

→ Sranan Tongo: botran

→ West Frisian: boaterham

Alteration of earlier boteram, boterram, of uncertain origin. Possibly from boter (“butter”) + *ramme, *remme (“thick slice of bread”) (compare obsolete rammel, remmel (“thick slice of bread”) and West Flemish rammeke (“toasted sandwich”)). Alternatively perhaps from boter (“butter”) + *ham (“chunk”). Alternatively, short for boterenbroot (“buttered bread”). Unrelated to ham (“ham”). Related to Low German boteram and French bouterame, which are borrowed from the Dutch.


hopen

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


vazal

nl-noun

vazal m (plural vazallen, diminutive vazalletje n)

vazallen (plural)
vazalletje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: vasal

From Middle Dutch vassael, vasal, from Old French vassal.


tonnage

→ Indonesian: tonase

/ˌtɔˈnaː.ʒə/

Borrowed from Middle French tonnage. Later influenced by English tonnage.

tonnage (water displacement of a ship measured in tons)

tonnage (cargo capacity of a ship's hold)


koto

Borrowed from Sranan Tongo koto, from English coat.

a traditional Surinamese dress, traditionally worn by women of African descent


celesta

celesta's (plural)
celeste (alternative)


toreador

(bullfighting) torero, bullfighter, toreador


totem

totem m (plural totems, diminutive totempje n)

totems (plural)
totempje (diminutive neuter)

totem, object that signifies a kinship group

totem, physical representation of a kinship symbol


brevet

→ Indonesian: brevet

From Middle Dutch brevete, from Middle French brevet. The sense “papal brief” comes from Latin brevetum.

a formal document, such as a certificate or licence

a permit or licence allowing one to use certain vehicles or engage in certain activities, now especially in relation to aircraft, diving, swimming (in Belgium) and sometimes mopeds


remise

remise f (plural remises, diminutive remisetje n)

remises (plural)
remisetje (diminutive neuter)


plastron

Borrowed from French plastron, from Italian piastrone.

plastron (lower part of a turtle/tortoise shell)

plastron, breastplate, piece of armour covering the chest


muskusrat

muskusrat f (plural muskusratten, diminutive muskusratje n)

muskusratten (plural)
muskusratje (diminutive neuter)

Ondatra zibethicus
Ondatra zibethicus#Translingual


metafysica

From Latin metaphysica, from Byzantine Greek μεταφυσική (metaphusikḗ), from the title of the collection by Aristotle μετὰ τὰ φυσικά (metà tà phusiká), a collection that comes after (μετά (metá)) Aristotle's collection entitled τὰ φυσικά (tà phusiká), from φυσικός (phusikós, “natural”). By surface analysis, meta- + fysica.


matrijs

nl-noun

matrijs f (plural matrijzen, diminutive matrijsje n)

matrijzen (plural)
matrijsje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch matrijs, borrowed from Old French matrice, from Latin mātrīcem, accusative of mātrīx.

die (a device for cutting things into a specified shape or for stamping coins and medals)


honkbal

From honk + bal, calque of English baseball.

Waar toeristen Bonaire vooral bezoeken om er te duiken, zijn de eilanders zelf grote liefhebbers van honkbal en voetbal.

2009, Wilna Groenenboom, Document Bonaire, page 91:

Whereas tourists primarily visit Bonaire in order to dive, the islanders themselves are avid fans of baseball and football.


honkbal

honkbal m (plural honkballen, diminutive honkballetje n)

honkballen (plural)
honkballetje (diminutive neuter)

Terwijl de kolonisten in Chinook Onafhankelijkheidsdag vierden, kwam een enorme hagelbui met hagelstenen zo groot als honkballen de gehele oogst vernietigen.

1996, Henri A. V. M. Stekelenburg, Hier is alles vooruitgang. Landverhuizing van Noord-Brabant naar Noord-Amerika, 1880-1940, Stichting Zuidelijk Historisch Contact, page 155:

While the colonists in Chinook were celebrating Independence Day, an enormous hailstorm with hailstones as large as baseballs arrived and destroyed the entire harvest.


wiskunde

Afrikaans: wiskunde

→ Indonesian: ilmu pasti (calque)

→ West Frisian: wiskunde

From earlier Modern Dutch wisconst (literally “art of what is known”). Equivalent to wis + -kunde. Purism introduced as a calque of Ancient Greek μαθηματικός (mathēmatikós) by Simon Stevin in the 16th century to replace the Dutch word mathematica which was a borrowing from Latin mathēmatica.


koerier

nl-noun

koerier m (plural koeriers, diminutive koeriertje n, feminine koerierster)

koeriers (plural)
koeriertje (diminutive neuter)
koerierster (feminine)

→ Indonesian: kurir


komkommer

komkommer f (plural komkommers, diminutive komkommertje n)

komkommers (plural)
komkommertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: komkommer

→ Aukan: komukomu

→ Loup A: kemegom

→ Mahican: kumkumsch

→ Munsee: kòmkómush

→ Papiamentu: kònkòmber, komkomber

→ Unami: kùkumës

→ West Frisian: komkommer

From Middle Dutch cucumer, from Old French concombre, from Latin cucumis.


barrière

barrière f or m (plural barrières, diminutive barrièretje n)

barrières (plural)
barrièretje (diminutive neuter)


epoche

Borrowed from Latin epocha or German Epoche, from Ancient Greek ἐποχή (epokhḗ).


poncho

poncho m (plural poncho's, diminutive ponchootje n)

poncho's (plural)
ponchootje (diminutive neuter)


multinational

multinational m (plural multinationals, diminutive multinationaltje n or multinationalletje n)

multinationals (plural)
multinationaltje (diminutive neuter)
multinationalletje (diminutive neuter)


romp

romp m (plural rompen, diminutive rompje n)

rompen (plural)
rompje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch romp, from Proto-Germanic *rumpa-, which could be related to *hrimpaną (“to wrinkle”). Also compare Proto-Slavic *rǫbiti (“to chop”).