Windeweer

First attested as WindeWeer in 1781. Likely derived from windweer (“movable windbreak, windbreak nailed to the side of a roof”). Currently part of Kiel-Windeweer.

a former village and former municipality of Midden-Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


Beneden Veensloot

First attested as De Eerste Beneden Veen Dijk Sloot in 1723. Derived from beneden (“lower”) and a compound of veen (“peat bog, marsh”) and sloot (“ditch”). Named after a nearby ditch. The element beneden was added to distinguish the settlement from Boven Veensloot.

a hamlet in Midden-Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


Boven Veensloot

First attested as De Niuwe ofte Bovenste Veen Dijk Sloot in 1723. Derived from boven (“upper”) and a compound of veen (“peat bog, marsh”) and sloot (“ditch”). Named after a nearby ditch. The element boven was added to distinguish the settlement from Beneden Veensloot.


Blokum

First attested as opden bloken in 1471. Derived from Middle Dutch bloc (“piece of farmland ringed by a fence or ditch”). The current -um ending developed under the influence of nearby toponyms. Compare De Blokken.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Blokkum.


Borgweg

First attested as Borgweg in 1840. Compound of either borg (“manor house”), borg (“water storage”) or Old Frisian burg (“levee”) and weg (“way, road”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Börgweeg.


Duurkenakker

First attested as Duurkenakker in 1846. Compound of Dutch Low Saxon Duurke (a personal name) and akker (“farmland”).


Foxham

First attested as van den vosham in 1488. Compound of Old Frisian foks (“fox”) and ham (“alluvial land in the bend of a river”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Foksham.


Foxholsterbosch

First attested as Foxholsterbosch in 1877. Compound of the toponym Foxhol and bos (“rising forest”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Fokselsterbosk.


Gaarland

First attested as Gaarland in 1867. Compound of a variant of geer (“wedge-shaped piece of land”) and land (“land”).


Heidenschap

First attested as in der heydense by damster vaert in 1419. Derived from Middle Dutch heidijnscap (“hamlet which communally uses a section of heathland”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Haidenschop.


Jagerswijk

First attested as Iaauwers wijck in 1680. Originally a compound of the toponym Joure and wijk (“secondary canal in a turf extraction area”). The first element was gradually reinterpreted to jager (“hunter”).


Kalkwijk

First attested as op de Kalkwijk in 1706. Compound of kalk (“chalk”) and wijk (“secondary canal in a turf extraction area”). The hamlet is named after a nearby chalk oven.


Kleinemeer

First attested as Kleine Sap meer around 1660. Compound of klein (“little, lesser”) and meer (“lake”). Originally a hydronym.


Kibbelgaarn

First attested as Kibbelgaarn in 1867. Compound of Dutch Low Saxon kibbel (“squabble, fight”) and gaarn (“garden”). The settlement is located in an area which was the subject of multiple boundary disputes. Compare Cabauw, Hebrecht, Kijfhoek, Kijfwaard, Kibbelveen, Krakeel, Krakeelpolder, Schellach and Strijkviertel.


Korengarst

First attested as Corengarst in 1665. Compound of koren (“corn”) and a dialectal variant of geest (“elevated sandy land”).


Langewijk

/ˈlɑ.ŋəˌʋɛi̯k/

Compound of lang (“long”) and wijk (“secondary canal in a turf extraction area”).


Luddeweer

First attested as luddeweer in 1488. Compound of Old Frisian Ludde (a personal name) and were (“plot of land, landed property”).

a village in Midden-Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


Nieuwe Compagnie

First attested as Nieuwe Compagnie in 1781. Derived from nieuw (“new”) and compagnie (“company”). The settlement was constructed by the eponymous land reclamation company.


Noordbroeksterhamrik

First attested as Noordbroekster Hamrik in 1781. Compound of the toponym Noordbroek and hamrik (“village area, polder”).


De Paauwen

First attested as Paauwen in 1867. Potentially derived from the plural form of pauw (“peacock”) or from a hypothetical surname *Pawinga.


Ruiten

First attested as D'ruit around 1660. Likely derived from Dutch Low Saxon roet (“weeds”). Compare De Ruiten and Rutbeek.


Schaaphok

First attested as t Schaaphok in 1718. Derived from schaaphok (“sheep barn”). Originally the name of a barn belonging to the lord of Slochterborg. The name was then applied to an inn and eventually the settlement around the inn.


Stootshorn

First attested as stodhorne and studhorne in 1319. Compound of either Old Frisian *Stôta (a personal name) or a term cognate to Middle Low German stôt (“herd of horses”), Middle Dutch stute (“mare”) and horn (“corner”).


Tusschenloegen

First attested as TUSSCHENLOEGEN in 1848. Compound of tussen (“between”) and Dutch Low Saxon loug (“village”). The name of the settlement refers to its position between Muntendam and Zuidbroek.


Tussenklappen

First attested as Tusschenklappen in 1867. Compound of tussen (“between”) and the plural form of klap (“drawbridge”). Compare Tusschen de Bruggen.


Uiterburen

First attested as Uiterburen in 1851-1855. Compound of uiter (“outer”) and the plural form of buur (“house, cottage”).


Het Veen

First attested as Uiterbuurster Veen in 1867. Derived from veen (“peat bog, marsh”).


Waterhuizen

First attested as de Water-huysen in 1668. Compound of water (“water”) and the plural form of huis (“house”). The hamlet was surrounded by water in autumn and winter.


Westeind

* (Midden-Groningen) Compound of west (“west-, western”) and eind (“end, edge”).
* (Westerwolde) First attested as Het West Einde in 1851-1855. Compound of west (“west-, western”) and eind (“end, edge”).

a hamlet in Westerwolde, Groningen, Netherlands


Wilderhof

/ˈʋɪl.dərˌɦɔf/

First attested as wilderhoff te meethuizen in 1476. Compound of wild (“wild”) and hof (“farmstead, homestead”).


Wolfsbarge

First attested as wulvesberge in 1262. Compound of Wolf (a personal name) or wolf (“wolf, Canis lupus”) and the dative singular form of berg (“hill, elevated place”).


Martenshoek

Attested as St. Martenshoek in 1652. Compound of the name of Saint Martin of Tours and hoek (“corner”). According to local tradition, the name Marten refers to the then-hamlet's first inhabitant.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Houke.

a neighbourhood of Midden-Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


Woldwijck

Attested as Woldwijk in 1867. Compound of wold (“marsh forest, swamp forest”) and wijk (“settlement”).


Meerwijck

Attested as Meerwijk in 1781. Compound of meer (“lake, pool”) and wijk (“settlement”). Named after a country house. Doublet of Meerwijk. See also Dutch Low Saxon Meerwiek.


Gorecht

Named after the Gorecht, one of the former districts of the Ommelanden.


Vosholen

Derived from the plural form of voshol (“fox's lair”).


Menterwolde

Compound of the hydronym Munte and wold (“marsh forest, swamp forest”). The municipality was named after a Medieval peat bog complex and monastery.

a former municipality of Groningen, Netherlands


Borgercompagnie

First attested as Borger Compagnie in 1652. Compound of burger (“citizen”) and compagnie (“company”). The settlement was founded by the eponymous company.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Börkomnij.

a village in Veendam, Groningen, Netherlands


Ommelanderwijk

First attested as de Ommelander Wijk in 1781. Compound of the toponym Ommelanden and wijk (“secondary canal in a turf extraction area”). The canal was dug by the Ommelander Compagnie in 1653.


Tripscompagnie

First attested as Tripscompagnie in 1781. Compound of the surname Trip and compagnie (“company”). The settlement was founded by the company of businessman Adriaen Trip (1620-1684).


Wildervank

First attested as de Wildervanck in 1649. Derived from the toponym Wildervanck, in turn a compound derived from Dutch Low Saxon wilde (“heath, heathland”) and vang (“acquired land”).

der

a village and former municipality of Veendam, Groningen, Netherlands


Numero Dertien

First attested as NUMERO-DERTIEN in 1851. Derived from numero (“number”) and dertien (“thirteen”). Named after a nearby canal.

a hamlet in Veendam, Groningen, Netherlands


Wildervanksterdallen

First attested as Wildevankster Daaln in 1929. Compound of the toponym Wildervank and the plural form of dal, used here in a dialectal sense to refer to reclaimed peat bogs which have not yet been put to agricultural use.


Korte Akkers

First attested as Korte akkers in 1867. Derived from kort (“short”) and the plural form of akker (“farmland”). The toponym refers to a complex of farmland.


Westerdiepsterdallen

Compound of the hydronym Westerdiep (derived from wester- (“west-, western”) and diep (“canal”)) and the plural form of dal, used here in a dialectal sense to refer to reclaimed peat bogs that have not yet been put to agricultural use.


Zuidwending

First attested as de Zydwending in 1794. Derived from Middle Dutch zijdwendinge (“secondary levee, lateral levee”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Zuudwenden.


Sorghvliet

Attested as Sorg vliet in 1781. Compound of zorg (“worry, care”) and vlieden (“flee, run away”). Named after an estate.

a neighbourhood of Veendam, Groningen, Netherlands


Gildenbuurt

Both compounds of the plural form of gilde (“guild”) and buurt (“neighbourhood, quarter”). The neighbourhoods' streets are named after guilds and professions.

a neighbourhood of Velsen, North Holland, Netherlands


Boven Pekela

Compound of boven (“upper, up-”) and the toponym Pekela.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Boven Pekel.

a village in Pekela, Groningen, Netherlands


Nieuwe Pekela

First attested as de Nieuwe of Boven Peekel in 1781. Derived from nieuw (“new”) and the toponym Pekela. The element nieuw was added to distinguish the settlement from Oude Pekela.

a village and former municipality of Pekela, Groningen, Netherlands


Oude Pekela

First attested as Nieu dorp in 1660. Derived from oud (“old”) and the toponym Pekela. The element oud was added to distinguish the settlement from Nieuwe Pekela.


Bronsveen

First attested as Bronsveen in 1899. Compound of Brons (a surname) and veen (“peat bog, marsh”).

a hamlet in Pekela, Groningen, Netherlands


Dwarsdiep

First attested as Dwarsdiep (Eerste en Tweede) in 1899. Compound of dwars (“crossways”) and diep (“canal”). Named after a nearby canal.


Hoetmansmeer

First attested as Hoedmans Meer in 1652. Compound of Hoetman (a surname) and meer (“lake”). Named after a former lake.


Kruiselwerk

First attested as Kruiselwerk in 1867. Likely derived from kruiswerk (“canal with many branching sub-canals”).


Wildeplaats

First attested as De Wilde Ploatse in 1929. Compound of wild (“wild”) and plaats (“place”). In this case, plaats refers to an allotment to build a house on. The settlement was founded as a collection of illegally-built mud huts which served as temporary accommodation until proper housing could be built.


Noorderkolonie

Attested as Noorderkolonie in 1867. From noorder- (“northern, north-”) + kolonie (“colony”). The element noorder- was added to distinguish the settlement from Zuiderkolonie.

af

a neighbourhood of Pekela, Groningen, Netherlands


Zuiderkolonie

Attested as Zuiderkolonie in 1867. From zuider- (“southern, south-”) + kolonie (“colony”). The element zuider- was added to distinguish the settlement from Noorderkolonie.


Doorsnee

Derived from doorsnee (“cross-cut”). Named after a nearby canal.


Kopstukken

First attested as De Kopstukken in 1867. Derived from the plural form of kopstuk (“edge of a field where the plough is turned”). Originally the name of a field.

a village in Stadskanaal, Groningen, Netherlands


Mussel

First attested as uuthen musselbroeck in 1445. Derived from mussel (“swampland”).


Musselkanaal

First attested as Stads-Mussel Kanaal in 1851-1855. Compound of the toponym Mussel and kanaal (“canal”). Named after a nearby canal.


Onstwedde

First attested as unesuuido in the 10th century. Compound of Old Dutch Une (a personal name) and wido (“forest, brushwood”).

a village and former municipality of Stadskanaal, Groningen, Netherlands


Smeerling

First attested as smerlike in 1482. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from a personal name or from Old Saxon smero (“grease, fat”). Compare Schmerlecke.


Blekslage

First attested as Blekslage in 1867. Compound of an unclear first element and Dutch Low Saxon lage (“open space between forests”). The first element may be a personal name.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Blaiksloag.

der

a hamlet in Stadskanaal, Groningen, Netherlands


Höchte

First attested as de Höfte in 1781. Derived from hof (“farmstead, homestead”). The toponym was gradually reinterpreted to Dutch Low Saxon höchte (“elevated place”).


Sterenborg

First attested as ter Sterenborch in 1659. Compound of an unclear first element and burg (“fortified place, castle”). The first element may be Dutch Low Saxon steern (“star”).


Ter Wupping

/tɛr ˈʋʏ.pɪŋ/

First attested as Wippinge in 1545. Likely derived from an inflected form of te (“at”) and Old Frisian Wippe (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.


Vledderhuizen

First attested as Vledderhuizen in 1913. Compound of vledder (“swampy peatland, low-lying peat used as pastureland”) and the plural form of huis (“house”).


Vosseberg

First attested as Vosseberg in 1899. Compound of the plural form of vos (“fox”) and berg (“hill, lair”).


Höfte

Derived from Dutch Low Saxon höfte (“hamlet”).


Oomsberg

First attested as Ooms-, Oompiesberg in 1828. Compound of Old Frisian Ome (a personal name) and berg (“hill, elevated place”). Compare Hasseberg.


Ter Maarsch

First attested as Ter marsch in 1634. Derived from an inflected form of te (“at”) and a variant of meers (“land next to water, swamp, pasture”).


Wessinghuizen

/ˈʋɛ.sɪŋˌɦœy̯.zə(n)/

First attested as d'burscapp wertzingehusen in 1472. Compound of Proto-Germanic *Wirki (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix *ingja- and the plural form of huis (“house”). Compare Wessingtange and Wetsinge.


Ceresdorp

Compound of Latin Ceres (the name of an agricultural deity) and dorp (“village, settlement”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Ceresdörp.

bor

a neighbourhood of Stadskanaal, Groningen, Netherlands


Vogelwijk

/ˈvoː.ɣəlˌʋɛi̯k/

All compounds of vogel (“bird”) and wijk (“neighbourhood, quarter”). The neighbourhoods' streets are named after birds.

a neighbourhood of Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Zeist, Utrecht, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of The Hague, South Holland, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Lansingerland, South Holland, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Leiden, South Holland, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Lisse, South Holland, Netherlands


Klein-Ulsda

First attested as Kl. Ulsda in 1851-1855. Compound of klein (“small, lesser”) and the toponym Ulsda.

a hamlet in Westerwolde, Groningen, Netherlands


Over de Dijk

First attested as Overdiek in 1929. Derived from over (“over, on the other side of”) and dijk (“levee”). Located on the far side of the Leidijk levee.

a village in Westerwolde, Groningen, Netherlands


Ter Apelkanaal

First attested as Stads ter Apel Kanaal in 1867. Compound of the toponym Ter Apel and kanaal (“canal”).


Overdiep

First attested as Overdiep in 1994. Compound of over (“on the other side of”) and diep (“canal”).


Zandstroom

Compound of zand (“sand”) + stroom (“river, stream”). Originally the name of a house, first attested in 1899.


Ter Haar

First attested as hare in 1474. Derived from an inflected form of te (“at”) and haar (“sandy ridge”).


Ter Wisch

First attested as de wisck in 1474. Derived from Middle Dutch wisch (“wet pasture, pasture which floods in winter”).


Ter Borg

First attested as der borch in 1474. Derived from an inflected form of te (“at”) and a variant of burg (“fortified place, castle”).


Ter Walslage

First attested as ter walslaghe in 1446. Derived from an inflected form of te (“at”) and a compound of an unclear first element and Dutch Low Saxon lage (“low-lying area”). The first element in Walslage may be a personal name. It is unlikely to be wal (“levee, wall”) or the hapax legomenon Middle Dutch *wals (“foal”).


Leemdobben

First attested as Leemdoppen in 1899. Compound of leem (“loam, clay”) and the plural form of dialectal dobbe (“pit filed with water used to water cattle”).


Pallert

First attested as Pallert in 1899. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon palderd (“pool, swampy low-lying land”). See also Poldert.


Poldert

First attested as Poldert in 1913. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon palderd (“pool, swampy low-lying land”). See also Pallert.


Veele

First attested as veille in 1475. Etymology unknown. Proposed etymologies include a derivation from a term cognate to vaal (“pallid, sallow”), from dialectal valgen (“lightly plow, lightly till”) or from a term cognate to Old High German felewa (“willow, Salix sp.”).

unk

unknown


Plaggenborg

First attested as Plaggenborg in 1867. Compound of plaggen (“made of turf bricks”) and borg (“manor, village”).


Oudeschans

First attested as BELLINGWOLDER SCHANS in 1674. Compound of oud (“old”) and schans (“sconce”). Named after a former fortress.


Veelerveen

First attested as Veelder vennen in 1781. Compound of the toponym Veele and veen (“peat bog, marsh”).


Wedde

First attested as wedde in 1316 and 1391. Derived from Old Dutch wede (“forest, brushwood”).

a village and former municipality of Westerwolde, Groningen, Netherlands


Barnflair

First attested as an dat barenvledder in 1466. Compound of Dutch Low Saxon barn (“fuel”) and vledder (“swampy peatland, low-lying peat used as pastureland”). Compare Vledder.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Barenfleer.


Bellingwolde

/ˌbɛ.lɪŋˈʋɔl.də/

First attested as dat hues to billinge in 1438. Compound of Old Frisian Billinga (a surname) and wold (“swamp forest, marsh forest”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Bennewôld.


Blijham

First attested as in den ham in 1395. Compound of Dutch Low Saxon blij (“silt”) and ham (“alluvial land in the bend of a river”). Compare Blija.


Bourtange

First attested as Op die Bertaing in 1573. Compound of dialectal boer (“communal land owned by farmers”) and dialectal tange (“sandy ridge in a raised bog”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Boertaang, Boertaange.


Jipsingboertange

First attested as Jispen Boeren Tange Weg in 1851-1855. Compound of the toponym Jipsinghuizen, boer (“inhabitant”) and dialectal tange (“sandy ridge in a raised bog”).


Rhederbrug

First attested as Rhederbrug in 1983. Compound of the toponym Rhede and brug (“bridge”).


Sellingen

First attested as zellynge in 1316. Derived from Old Frisian Selle (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.


Vlagtwedde

First attested as vlachtwede in 1316. Compound of dialectal flacht (“jumbled mess, knotted mess”) and Middle Dutch wede (“forest, brushwood”).


Vriescheloo

First attested as loo in 1316. Compound of an unclear first element and Middle Dutch lo (“light forest”). The first element is not Fries (“Frisian”).


Wedderheide

/ˌʋɛ.dərˈɦɛi̯.də/

First attested as Wedderheide in 1899. Compound of the toponym Wedde and heide (“heath, heathland”).


Abeltjeshuis

First attested as Abeldjes huis in 1794. Compound of a diminutive form of Abel (a personal name) and huis (“house”). Originally the name of a farmhouse which also served as a local inn.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Oabeltjeshuus.


Borgertange

/ˌbɔr.ɣərˈtɑ.ŋə/

First attested as Borgertange in 1899. Compound of the toponym Ter Borg and dialectal tange (“sandy ridge in a raised bog”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Börgertaange.


Borgerveld

First attested as Borgerveld in 1867. Compound of the toponym Ter Borg and veld (“field”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Börgervèld.


De Heemen

Derived from the plural form of Dutch Low Saxon haim (“farmstead, homestead”).

der

a hamlet in Eemsdelta, Groningen, Netherlands


De Lethe

First attested as in de Leete in 1757. Likely derived from lede (“excavated watercourse”), although the spelling of the toponym is odd. It is possible that the settlement was originally named after the River Lethe from Greek myth, and that the settlement's inhabitants reinterpreted the name to a variant of lede over time.


De Vennen

* (Het Hogeland) Derived from the plural form of ven (“fen, pool in a heath”).
* (Westerwolde) Derived from the plural form of ven (“fen, pool in a heath”).

a hamlet in Het Hogeland, Groningen, Netherlands


Ellersinghuizen

First attested as tho Ellersynckhuesen in 1515. Compound of Ellersing (a surname) and the plural form of huis (“house”). Compare Ellerhuizen, Jipsinghuizen and Wollinghuizen.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Ellerskhoezen, Ellerskenhoezen.


Hanetange

/ˈɦaː.nəˌtɑ.ŋə/

First attested as de Hanetang in 1781. Compound of either haan (“black grouse, Lyrurus tetrix”) or a corrupted form of Dutch Low Saxon aant (“duck”) and dialectal tange (“sandy ridge in a raised bog”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Hoanetaange.


Hebrecht

First attested as Het Hebrecht in 1867. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon hebrecht (“quarreller, egoist”). The toponym is a reference to territorial disputes between Groningen and the Prince-Bishopric of Münster. Compare Cabauw, Kijfhoek, Kijfwaard, Kibbelgaarn, Kibbelveen, Krakeel, Krakeelpolder, Schellach and Strijkviertel.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Haibrecht.


Hoornderveen

First attested as Hoorns Veenen in 1781. Compound of the toponym Hoorn and veen (“peat bog, marsh”).


Jipsingboermussel

First attested as in de Jipseboure-Mussel around 1750. Compound of the toponym Jipsinghuizen, boer (“inhabitant”) and mussel (“swampland”).


Jipsinghuizen

First attested as Iipsinghuijsen in 1634. Compound of Jipsing (a surname) and the plural form of huis (“house”). Compare Ellersinghuizen and Wollinghuizen.


Klontjebuurt

Compound of the diminutive form of klont (“lump”) and buurt (“hamlet, settlement”). The settlement may have been named for its dense habitation (see klonteren).


Koudehoek

First attested as Koude-Hoek in 1845. Compound of koud (“cold”) and hoek (“corner, isolated place”).


Lauderbeetse

First attested as Lauderbeetse in 1913. Compound of the toponym Laude and dialectal beetse (“low-lying pasture which floods in winter”).


Laudermarke

First attested as lauder marke in 1466. Compound of the toponym Laude and mark (“boundary, borderland, undivided communal land”).


Lauderzwarteveen

First attested as Lauderzwarteveen in 1913. Compound of the toponym Laude and zwarteveen (“raised bog”).


Lutjeloo

First attested as Lutkeloe in 1549. Compound of Middle Low German lutke (“small”) and lo (“light forest”).


Morige

First attested as de kluft Moerrijge in 1778. Compound of moer (“peat bog”) and Dutch Low Saxon riege (“row of houses, embankment”). Compare Bovenrijge and Molenrij.


Munnekemoer

First attested as t Munneke Moer in 1781. Compound of a variant of monnik (“monk”) and moer (“peat bog”). The toponym refers to the nearby Ter Apel monastery.


Renneborg

First attested as Renneburg in 1851-1855. Compound of the hydronym Renne (derived from dialectal rinnen (“flow away”)) and burg (“fortified place, castle”).


Rhederveld

First attested as Oud Rheder veld in 1867. Compound of the toponym Rhede and veld (“field”).


Rijsdam

First attested as Nieuwendam in 1634. Compound of rijs (“brushwood, branches”) and dam (“dam”). Compare Risdam.


't Schot

First attested as t Osse Schot in 1781. Derived from schot (“enclosed area, fenced-in land”).


Sellingerbeetse

First attested as Sellingerbeetse in 1913. Compound of the toponym Sellingen and dialectal beetse (“low-lying pasture which floods in winter”).


Sellingerzwarteveen

First attested as Sellingerzwarteveen in 1936. Compound of the toponym Sellingen and zwarteveen (“raised bog”).


Slegge

First attested as Sleggeweg and Sleggekampen in 1867. Potentially derived from slegge (“sledgehammer”), although the precise motive behind the naming remains unclear.


Stakenborg

First attested as Stakenburg in 1851-1855. Compound of the plural form of staak (“stake”) and burg (“fortified place, castle, village”).


Stobben

First attested as de Stobben in 1781. Derived from the plural form of Dutch Low Saxon stobbe (“tree stump”). Originally the name of a field. Compare Stramproy and Strubben.


Tjabbesoord

First attested as Tjabbesoord in 1899. Compound of Tjabbes (a surname) and oord (“place”). Originally the name of a farmhouse, named in turn after its owner.


Veerste Veldhuis

First attested as Voldhuysen around 1660. Derived from the superlative form of ver (“far, distant”) and veldhuis (“temporary shelter in a field”). The element ver was added to distinguish the settlement from Vlagtwedder-Veldhuis.


Vlagtwedder-Veldhuis

First attested as Veldhuys in 1634. Derived from the toponym Vlagtwedde and veldhuis (“temporary shelter in a field”). The toponym was added to distinguish the settlement from Veerste Veldhuis.


Vlagtwedder-Barlage

Derived from the toponym Vlagtwedde and a compound of a variant of berk (“birch, Betula sp.”) and Dutch Low Saxon lage (“open space between forests”).


Wedderveer

First attested as t Veer in 1781. Compound of the toponym Wedde and veer (“ferry”).


Weende

First attested as tho Wehnde in 1506. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon ween (“willow, Salix sp.”) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -de.


Weenderveld

First attested as t Weenderveld in 1954. Compound of the toponym Weende and veld (“field”).


Winschoterhoogebrug

First attested as Brugge Schans in 1680. Compound of the toponym Winschoten, hoog (“high”) and brug (“bridge”).


Wessingtange

/ˈʋɛ.sɪŋˌtɑ.ŋə/

First attested as Wessingtange in 1867. Compound of the surname Wessing and dialectal tange (“sandy ridge in a raised bog”). Compare Wessinghuizen and Wetsinge.


Wollinghuizen

/ˈʋɔ.lɪŋˌɦœy̯.zə(n)/

First attested as waldingehusen in 1482. Compound of Old Frisian Waldinga (a surname) and the plural form of huis (“house”). Compare Ellersinghuizen and Jipsinghuizen.


Wollingboermarke

First attested as Wollingboermarke in 1936. Compound of the toponym Wollinghuizen, boer (“inhabitant”) and mark (“undivided communal land”).


Agodorp

Compound of the name of the AGO wood processing company and dorp (“village, settlement”). Compare Batadorp, Heveadorp and Philipsdorp.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Agodörp.

a neighbourhood of Westerwolde, Groningen, Netherlands


Burgemeester Beinsdorp

Attested as Beinsdorp in 1954. Derived from burgemeester (“mayor”), Beins (a surname) and dorp (“village, settlement”). The neighbourhood is named after F. A. Beins (1882-1968), a former mayor of Vlagtwedde.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Börgermeester Beinsdörp.


't Heem

Attested as t Hiem in 1781. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon hiem (“farmstead, homestead”).


Roelage

First attested as de Ruigelage in 1781. Compound of ruig (“rough, overgrown”) and Dutch Low Saxon lage (“open space between forests”).


Bellingwedde

a former municipality of Groningen, Netherlands


Reiderland

Named after Reiderland, a historical region located on the border of the Netherlands and Germany.


Bad Nieuweschans

First attested as Caerte vande Lange Ackeren Schans around 1630. Derived from bad (“spa”) and a compound of nieuw (“new”) and schans (“sconce”). Named after a former fortress. The element bad was added in 2009 to promote the village's spa facilities.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Schaanze, Nij Schaanze.

a village in Oldambt, Groningen, Netherlands


Beerta

First attested as berethe in the 13th century. Derived from Old Frisian buer (“domicile, cottage”) suffixed with the collectivising suffix *-iþi.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Beerte.

a village and former municipality of Oldambt, Groningen, Netherlands


Blauwestad

Compound of blauw (“blue”) and stad (“city”). The element blauw refers to the lakes around the community.


Drieborg

First attested as Drieborg in 1867. Compound of drie (“three”) and burg (“castle, house”). The toponym likely originated as a mocking name for a house inhabited by three families or with three architectural features (chimneys, doors etc.). According to an alternative reading, the second element is Dutch Low Saxon borg (“levee”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Drijbörg.


Finsterwolde

First attested as fynserwald in 1319. Likely a compound of Old Frisian winster (“left, northern”) and wold (“swamp forest, marsh forest”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Finnewôld.


Heiligerlee

/ˈɦɛi̯.lɪ.ɣərˌleː/

First attested as asterle in the 13th century. Compound of Old Frisian aster (“eastern, east-”) and a term cognate to Old Saxon hlêo (“burial mound”). The toponym contrasts with Westerlee. The first element was gradually replaced with heilig (“holy”) under the influence of a nearby monastery. Compare Beneden-Leeuwen, Boven-Leeuwen, Leeuwen, Leeuwte, Denderleeuw, Gors-Opleeuw, Lauw, Sint-Pieters-Leeuw and Zoutleeuw.


Westerlee

* (Groningen) First attested as westerle in the 13th century. Compound of Old Frisian wester (“western, west-”) and a term cognate to Old Saxon hlêo (“burial mound”). The toponym contrasts with Heiligerlee. Compare Beneden-Leeuwen, Boven-Leeuwen, Leeuwen, Leeuwte, Denderleeuw, Gors-Opleeuw, Lauw, Sint-Pieters-Leeuw and Zoutleeuw. See also Dutch Low Saxon Westerlij.
* (Zuid-Holland) First attested as Westerlee in 1869. Compound of wester- (“western, west-”) and the hydronym Lee (derived from lede (“excavated or channeled watercourse”)).

a hamlet in Westland, South Holland, Netherlands


Midwolda

First attested as middewalda in the 13th century. Compound of Old Frisian midde (“middle, mid-”) and wold (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).


Nieuw Beerta

First attested as Beerter hamrick around 1660. Derived from nieuw (“new”) and the toponym Beerta.


Scheemda

Potentially attested as senieda in the 13th century, attested with certainty as schemede in 1391. Etymology uncertain. Proposed derivations include a compound of Old Saxon schem (“plank bridge”) or Old Frisian *scald (“wetland, shallows”) and made (“pasture”) or a derivation from Old Saxon schem suffixed with the collectivising suffix *-iþi.


Nieuw Scheemda

First attested as Scheemter hamrick around 1660. Derived from nieuw (“new”) and the toponym Scheemda.


Nieuwolda

First attested as Midde en Nieuwolda in 1711. Compound of nieuw (“new”) and wold (“swamp forest, marsh forest”).


Oostwold

* (Oldambt) First attested as astawalda in 1273. Compound of Old Frisian āst (“east”) and wold (“swamp forest, marsh forest”).
* (Westerkwartier) First attested as jn oestwolde in 1458. Compound of Middle Dutch oost (“east”) and wold (“swamp forest, marsh forest”).

a village in Westerkwartier, Groningen, Netherlands


't Waar

First attested as t Waar, Waarhoek in 1781. Derived from archaic Dutch Low Saxon waor (“discharge sluice”).


Beersterhoogen

First attested as Beerster Hogen in 1781. Compound of the toponym Beerta and an inflected form of hoog (“high, elevated”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Beersterhogen.

a hamlet in Oldambt, Groningen, Netherlands


Finsterwolderhamrik

First attested as Finsterwolderhamrik in 1877. Compound of the toponym Finsterwolde and hamrik (“village area, polder”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Finnewôlsterhammerk.


Oostwolderhamrik

First attested as Oostwolder hamrik in 1781. Compound of the toponym Oostwold and hamrik (“village area, polder”).


Oostwolderpolder

First attested as den Oostwolder-polder of den Oostwolder-hamrik in 1851. Compound of the toponym Oostwold and polder (“polder”).


Scheemdermeer

First attested as Scheemder meer in 1781. Compound of the toponym Scheemda and meer (“lake”).


Scheemderzwaag

First attested as Scheemder Swaag in 1781. Compound of the toponym Scheemda and zwaag (“pasture, land where cattle is kept”).


Winschoterzijl

Compound of the toponym Winschoten and zijl (“discharge sluice”).


Bikkershorn

First attested as Bikkershorn in 1899. Compound of Bikker (a surname) and horn (“corner”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Bikkershörn.


Booneschans

First attested as Booner Schans in the end of the 16th century. Compound of Booner (a surname) and schans (“sconce”). Named after a sconce constructed by Albert Booner in 1589.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Bonerschaanze.


Carel Coenraadpolder

Compound of the name of Carel Coenraad Geertsema (1843-1928) and polder (“polder”). Geertsema served as Queen's commissioner for Groningen from 1893 to 1917 and spent a great deal of energy on the reorganisation of infrastructure and the province's water boards.


Ekamp

First attested as de Eekamp in 1781. Compound of the hydronym Oude Ee and kamp (“enclosed piece of land”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Aikamp.


Ganzedijk

First attested as GANZEDIJK in 1843. Compound of gans (“goose, Anser sp.”) and dijk (“levee”).


Goldhoorn

First attested as tot gholthorne in 1446. Compound of Middle Dutch gold (“gold”) and horn (“prominent bend, corner”). The toponym may refer to a piece of high-quality land.


Hamdijk

First attested as de Ham dijk in 1781. Compound of ham (“alluvial land in the bend of a river”) and dijk (“levee”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Hamdiek.


Hongerige Wolf

/ˈɦɔ.ŋə.rə.ɣə ˈʋɔlf/

First attested as de zogenaamde Hongerige Wolf in 1877. Derived from hongerig (“hungry”) and wolf (“wolf, Canis lupus”). Originally the name of an inn.


Kromme-Elleboog

First attested as Kromme elboog in 1899. Compound of krom (“bent”) and elleboog (“elbow”). The settlement is located next to an elbow-shaped bend in a road.


Lutje Loug

Derived from Dutch Low Saxon lutje (“little”) and loug (“village”).


Meerland

First attested as Meerland in 1867. Compound of meer (“lake”) and land (“land”).


Niesoord

First attested as Nijsiesoord in 1864. Compound of Nies (a surname) and oord (“place”).


Nieuwe Statenzijl

First attested as Nieuwe Statenzijl in 1913. Derived from nieuw (“new”) and a compound of Staten (“Estates General”) and zijl (“drainage sluice”). The element nieuw was added to distinguish the toponym from Oude Statenzijl.


Oude Statenzijl

First attested as Generaliteits of Staten Zijl in 1781. Derived from oud (“old”) and a compound of Staten (“Estates General”) and zijl (“drainage sluice”). The element oud was added to distinguish the toponym from Nieuwe Statenzijl.


Oostereinde

First attested as Oostereind in 1874. From ooster- (“eastern, east-”) + eind (“end, edge”).


Oudedijk

* (Het Hogeland) Compound of oud (“old”) and dijk (“levee”).
* (Oldambt) Compound of oud (“old”) and dijk (“levee”).


Oudezijl

First attested as Seven Caspelen of de oude Zijl in 1781. Compound of oud (“old”) and zijl (“drainage sluice”). Named after a nearby sluice.


Scheve Klap

First attested as Scheve klap in 1867. Derived from scheef (“bent”) and klap (“drawbridge”).


Stadspolder

Compound of stad (“city”) and polder (“polder”). The city in question is Groningen, which funded the development of the polder.


Tranendal

First attested as Tranendal in 1899. Derived from tranendal (“vale of tears”). According to local legend, the battleground of the Battle of Heiligerlee was located close to the site of the current settlement.


Ulsda

First attested as tho Ulsda in 1538. Compound of either Middle Low German Ultse (a personal name) or wolf (“wolf, Canis lupus”) and wida (“forest, brushwood”).


Zuiderveen

First attested as up Zuirven gheleghen bijn Winschoter Hoghe gast in 1593. From zuider- (“southern, south-”) + veen (“peat bog, marsh”).


Sint-Vitusholt

Attested as Vytsholt around 1660. Compound of the name of Saint Vitus and hout (“rising deciduous forest”).

a neighbourhood of Oldambt, Groningen, Netherlands


Eexta

First attested as exta in 1391. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from an ancient hydronym, derived in turn from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵ- (“move”). Compare Eext. Formerly an independent village.


Bierum

First attested as berum in the 13th century. Derived from the dative plural form of Old Frisian bêre (“barn, house”). Compare Burum, Hogebieren, Pietersbierum and Sexbierum.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Baaierm.

a village and former municipality of Eemsdelta, Groningen, Netherlands


Borgsweer

First attested as borgisweer in 1432. Compound of Old Frisian burch (“fortified settlement, castle, levee”) and werve (“artificial mound used for habitation”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Börgsweer.

der

a village in Eemsdelta, Groningen, Netherlands


Farmsum

First attested as fretmarashem in the 10th or 11th century. Compound of Old Frisian Fretmar (a personal name) and heem (“home, settlement”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Faarmsom.


Godlinze

First attested as godleuingi in the 10th or 11th century. Derived from Old Frisian Godlêf (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.


Holwierde

First attested as halwirth in the 13th century. Compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian wirth (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”). The first element may be half (“half”) or derive from Proto-Germanic *halu- (“sloping”).


Krewerd

First attested as crewerth and crewirth in the 13th century. Compound of Old Frisian krê (“crow, Corvus corone”) and werth (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”). Compare Arwerd.


Losdorp

First attested as toe lesdorp in 1429. Potentially a compound of Old Frisian lessa (“small, little”) and thorp (“village”).


Meedhuizen

First attested as methuisen in 1306. Compound of Old Frisian mid (“middle, mid-”) and the dative plural form of hûs (“house”). According to an alternative hypothesis, the first element is actually a variant of made (“pasture”).


Termunten

First attested as in menterne in the 13th century. Derived from an inflected form of te (“at”) and the hydronym Munte. See also Muntendam.


Termunterzijl

First attested as Zijl Ter Munte around 1660. Compound of the toponym Termunten and zijl (“discharge sluice”).


Uitwierde

First attested as to uutwierd in 1439. Compound of uit (“out, outer”) and the dative plural form of Old Frisian uurð (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The element uit was added to distinguish the toponym from Opwierde.


Wagenborgen

First attested as wagenbergen in 1446. Compound of Old Frisian Wago (a personal name) and the dative singular form of berg (“elevated place”). The toponym was gradually reinterpreted to Middle Dutch wagenborch (“type of fortification”). Compare Wagenberg.


Woldendorp

First attested as waldmonathorp in 1399. Compound of either a toponym *Wald or Old Frisian wald (“swamp forest, marsh forest”), man (“man, inhabitant”) and dorp (“village, settlement”).


Jukwerd

First attested as iucawerth in the 13th century. Compound of Old Frisian Jukke (a personal name) and wart (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”).


Marsum

First attested as mersum in 1344. Potentially a compound of Old Frisian *mersk (“swampy low-lying land”) and hêm (“home, settlement”) or a derivation from the dative plural form of *mers. Compare Marssum.


Tjamsweer

First attested as in thiamerswerve in the 13th century. Compound of Old Frisian Thiadmâr (a personal name) and werve (“artificial mound for habitation”).


Eenum

First attested as enun in the 11th century. Etymology unknown. Potentially derived from a prehistoric hydronym or a personal name. Compare Eine.

unk

unknown


Garrelsweer

First attested as gerleuiswert in 1057. Compound of Old Frisian Gerlef (a personal name) and wert (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”). The second element was gradually replaced with weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Garsthuizen

First attested as gershusen in the 13th century. Compound of Old Frisian gers (“grass”) and the dative plural form of hûs (“house”). The first element was gradually reinterpreted to Dutch Low Saxon gaarst (“barley”).


Huizinge

/ˈɦœy̯.zɪ.ŋə/

First attested as hustinga around 822-856. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from a compound of Old Frisian hûs (“house”) and dinge (“newly cultivated lands”). The toponym is possibly related to Heusden and similar toponyms, with the -ingi- suffix being a later addition. Compare Heusden, Huisduinen and Opheusden.


Leermens

First attested as lintherminge in 1040. Derived from an unknown personal name suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.


Middelstum

First attested as mitilistenheim around 822-856. Compound of the superlative form of Old Frisian middel (“middle, mid-”) and heem (“home, settlement”).


Oosterwijtwerd

First attested as oesterwijdewart in 1399. Compound of ooster- (“eastern, east-”) and a compound of Old Frisian uuide (“willow, Salix sp.”) and uurð (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”). The element ooster- was added to distinguish the settlement from Westerwijtwerd.


Westerwijtwerd

First attested as westerwidwerd in 1421. From wester- (“western, west-”) and a compound of Old Frisian uuide (“willow, Salix sp.”) and uurð (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”). The element wester- was added to distinguish the settlement from Oosterwijtwerd.


Stedum

First attested as stedion in the 10th or 11th century. Derived from the dative plural form of Old Frisian sted (“place, city”). Compare Stiem.


Toornwerd

First attested as thornuurð in the 10th or 11th century. Compound of Old Frisian thorn (“thorn, thorn bush”) and uurð (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”).


Westeremden

First attested as emedun in 944, which is a compound of Old Frisian ee (“river, watercourse”) and muthon (“river mouth”). The element wester- was added to distinguish the settlement from Emden.


Wirdum

* (Friesland) First attested as weerdum in 1335. Derived from the dative plural form of Old Frisian werd (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an older variant of the Frisian name.
* (Groningen) First attested as uurthun in the 10th or 11th century. Derived from the dative plural form of Old Frisian uurð (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”).

der

a village and former municipality of Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands


't Zandt

First attested as sonde in the 13th century. Derived from zand (“sand”).


Zeerijp

Potentially attested as ripon in the 10th or 11th century, attested with certainty as ripa and rip in the 13th century. Compound of zee (“sea”) and Old Frisian rîp (“edge, shore”). Compare Seeryp.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Zeeriep.


Zijldijk

First attested as up den zyldyck in 1424. Compound of zijl (“discharge sluice”) and dijk (“levee”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Zieldiek.


Zomerdijk

* (Groningen) First attested as ZOMERDIJK in 1851. Derived from zomerdijk (“relatively low levee which only regulates water levels during summer and is often flooded in winter”).
* (Noord-Holland) First attested as ZOMERDIJK in 1851. Derived from zomerdijk (“relatively low levee which only regulates water levels during summer and is often flooded in winter”).

a hamlet in Medemblik, North Holland, Netherlands


Vierhuizen

* (Het Hogeland) First attested as vierhuesen and vierhusen in 1479. Compound of vier (“four”) and the plural form of huis (“house”).
* (Achtkarspelen) Calque of West Frisian Fjouwerhúzen, a compound of fjouwer (“four”) and the plural form of hûs (“house”).
* (Súdwest-Fryslân) Calque of West Frisian Fjouwerhuzen, a compound of fjouwer (“four”) and the plural form of hûs (“house”).
* (Eemsdelta) First attested as Vierhuizen in 1851-1855. Compound of vier (“four”) and the plural form of huis (“house”). The toponym contrasts with Tweehuizen.

a village in Het Hogeland, Groningen, Netherlands

a hamlet in Achtkarspelen, Friesland, Netherlands

a hamlet in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands

a hamlet in Eemsdelta, Groningen, Netherlands


Tweehuizen

First attested as Tweehuizen in 1851-1855. Compound of twee (“two”) and the plural form of huis (“house”). The toponym contrasts with Vierhuizen.


Uiteinde

* (Friesland) FIrst attested as t Uyt Eynde in 1718. Calque of West Frisian It Utein, a compound of út (“outer, out-”) and ein (“end”).
* (Groningen) First attested as jn wtende in 1445. Derived from uit (“outer, out-”) and einde (“end, edge”).

a hamlet in Smallingerland, Friesland, Netherlands


Schaapbulten

First attested as SCHAAPBULTEN in 1847. Compound of schaap (“sheep”) and the plural form of bult (“bump, slightly elevated place”).


Opmeeden

First attested as Opmieden in 1781. Compound of Old Frisian up (“up-, upper”) and the dative plural form of mede (“pasture”).


Oldenklooster

First attested as den oldencloester toe ffeltwert in 1457. Compound of oud (“old”) and klooster (“monastery”). Named after a former monastery.


Nijenklooster

* (Eemsdelta) First attested as ad titulum novi claustri in the 13th century. Compound of an inflected form of nij (“new”) and klooster (“monastery”). Named after a former monastery.
* (Het Hogeland) First attested as Nijeclooster in 1558. Compound of an inflected form of nij (“new”) and klooster (“monastery”). Named after a former Premonstratensian nunnery.

a hamlet in Het Hogeland, Groningen, Netherlands


Nansum

First attested as nothensum in the 13th century. Compound of Old Frisian Nôtha (a personal name) and heem (“home, settlement”).


Lesterhuis

First attested in 1428. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian lesser (“smaller, lesser”) and hûs (“house”).


Langerijp

/ˈlɑ.ŋəˌrɛi̯p/


Lalleweer

First attested as Lalleweer in 1553. Compound of Old Frisian Lalle (a personal name) and weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”). Compare Lellens.


Kopaf

First attested as De Groenweide of Kopaf in 1867. Compound of kop (“head”) and af (“off”). The toponym may refer to a place where somebody was decapitated by accident or to a place where death sentences were executed. Compare Kijkuit, De Omval, Pasop, Rolaf and Valom.


Hoogwatum

First attested as Hoog Watum in 1781. Compound of hoog (“high, elevated”) and a second element which may be Old Frisian Watema (a surname).


Geefsweer

First attested as gewesweer in 1306. Compound of Old Frisian *Gevi (a personal name) and weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Fiemel

First attested as fimilon in the 10th century. Derived from the dative plural form of an alternative version of the hydronym Fivel.


Dekkershuizen

First attested as Dekkershuizen in 1841. Compound of Dekker (a surname) and the plural form of huis (“house”).


Dallingeweer

/ˌdɑ.lɪ.ŋəˈʋeːr/

First attested as to dalyngwere in 1454. Compound of Old Frisian Dallinga (a surname) and weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Biessum

First attested as bisashem in the 10th or 11th century. Compound of Old Frisian Bisi (a personal name) and heem (“home, settlement”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Biezum.


Baamsum

First attested as bompsum in 1454. Likely a compound of Old Frisian *Bame (a personal name) and heem (“home, settlement”).


Arwerd

* (Eemsdelta) First attested as arnuurd in the 10th or 11th century. Compound of either Old Frisian ern (“eagle”) or Aro (a personal name) and uurd (“terp, artificial mound for habitation”). Compare Krewerd.
* (Het Hogeland) See also Dutch Low Saxon Aarwerd.


Amsweer

First attested as damsweer in 1447. Compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The first element may be Old Frisian Amze (a personal name) or Middle Dutch ambt (“legal district”), referring here to the Oldambt.


Garreweer

/ˌɣɑ.rəˈʋeːr/

Potentially attested as GEROEIEVVERE in 1068-1090, attested with certainty as garreaweere in 1325. Compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Laskwerd

First attested as lasquert in 1422. Compound of Old Frisian *liask (“iris, Iris sp.”) and werd (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Andere Wereld

First attested as De Andere Wereld in 1828. Derived from ander (“other”) and wereld (“world”). Originally the name of a house. The toponym may refer to the remoteness of the hamlet.


Krangeweer

/ˌkrɑ.ŋəˈʋeːr/


De Har

Derived from either haar (“sandy ridge”) or hard (“hard, tough”) (referring here to the toughness of the soil around the settlement).


De Palen

First attested as Palen, of Op-de-Palen in 1877. Derived from the plural form of paal (“pole”). Originally the name of a farmhouse built on stilts.


Eekwerd

First attested as equart in 1460. Compound of Old Frisian eek (“oak, Quercus sp.”) and werd (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Aikwerd.


Eekwerderdraai

First attested as EEKWERDERTIL in 1851. Compound of the toponym Eekwerd and draai (“swing bridge”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Aikwerderdraai.


Enzelens

First attested as angeslengi in 944. Derived from either Old Frisian Angisil (a personal name) or Ansgisl (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.


Fraamklap

First attested as Fraemtil in 1654. Compound of the toponym Fraam (a former castle) and klap (“drawbridge”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Froamklap.


Hoeksmeer

First attested as Hokesmeer in 1504. Compound of Hoek (a surname) and meer (“pool, lake”). Named after a former lake.


Honderd

First attested as t hondert in 1781. Derived from honderd (“a type of land measure”).


Kolhol

First attested as coldehol and coldeholl in 1453. Compound of Middle Dutch kolde (“cold”) and hol (“low-lying swampy land”). Compare Koehool and Kolham.


Lutjerijp

First attested as jn die lutke ripp in 1458. Derived from Old Frisian lutke (“little, small”) and rîp (“edge, shore”).


Lutjewijtwerd

First attested as widewerht in 1384. Compound of Old Frisian lutke (“little, small”) and a compound of uuide (“willow, Salix sp.”) and uurð (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”).


Westeremder Voorwerk

Derived from the toponym Westeremden and voorwerk (“monastic grange”).


Wirdumerdraai

First attested as Wirdumerklap of -draai in 1899. Compound of the toponym Wirdum and draai (“swing bridge”).


't Zandstervoorwerk

First attested as Sandster Voorwerk in 1781. Compound of the toponym 't Zandt and voorwerk (“monastic grange”).


Binnen Ae

First attested as AE (BINNEN) in 1839. Derived from the hydronym Binnen Aa, in turn derived from binnen (“inner”) and aa (“watercourse, river”).


Garsthuizervoorwerk

Compound of the toponym Garsthuizen and voorwerk (“monastic grange”).


Tuikwerd

First attested as tukawerth in the 13th century. Compound of Old Frisian *Tuka (a personal name) and werth (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”). Formerly an independent village.

a neighbourhood of Eemsdelta, Groningen, Netherlands


Fivelzigt

Compound of the hydronym Fivel and zicht (“view”).


Solwerd

First attested as solwert in 1431. Compound of Middle Dutch sol (“pool, muddy pool”) and Old Frisian wert (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”). Formerly an independent village.


Opwierde

First attested as upwirthe in the 13th century. Compound of Old Frisian up (“up-, upper”) and wirth (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”). The element op was added to distinguish the settlement from Uitwierde.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Opwerd.


De Marne

Derived from the hydronym Marne, a former estuary located to the west of the former municipality.

a former municipality of Groningen, Netherlands


Eemsmond

Compound of the hydronym Eems and mond (“mouth”).


Adorp

First attested as artharpe in 1371. Etymology unknown. Compound of an unclear first element and dorp (“village, settlement”). Proposed etymologies for the first element include Old Frisian arth (“farmland”) and arn (“eagle”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Oadörp.

unk

unknown

a village and former municipality of Het Hogeland, Groningen, Netherlands


Baflo

First attested as bestlon [read: beftlon] in 944. Compound of Old Frisian befta (“back, behind”) and the dative plural form of lo (“light forest, pool”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Bavvelt.


Bedum

First attested as bédorouualda in the 10th or 11th century. Derived from the dative plural form of Old Frisian bed (“elevated terrain”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Beem.


Breede

First attested as breda in 1300. Either a compound of breed (“broad, wide”) and aa (“watercourse, river”) or a derivation from bree (“elongated piece of land”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Brijdte.


Den Andel

First attested as ondel in 1475. Derived from Middle Low German andel (“salt grass, Puccinellia sp.”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon n Aandel.


Eenrum

First attested as arnarion in the 10th or 11th century. Etymology unknown. The toponym is of prehistoric origin.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Ainrom.

unk

unknown


Eppenhuizen

First attested as eppinghahusum in 1390. Compound of Old Frisian Eppinga (a surname) and the plural form of huis (“house”). Compare Apenhuizen and Apenheim.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Eppenhoezen.


Houwerzijl

/ˌɦɑu̯.ərˈzɛi̯l/

Audio

First attested as howersyle in 1347. Compound of the otherwise unknown toponym Houw and zijl (“discharge sluice”).


Hornhuizen

First attested as howerahusum in the 13th century. Originally a compound of the toponym De Houw and the plural form of huis (“house”). The first element was gradually replaced with horn (“corner, bend”).


Kantens

First attested as cantenze in 1326. Likely derived from Old Frisian Kanto (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix *-ingi-. According to an alternative hypothesis, the toponym derives from a pre-Germanic (potentially Celtic) source. Compare Hantum and Cantaing-sur-Escaut.


Kleine Huisjes

First attested as Kleine huisjes in 1899. Derived from klein (“small, little”) and the plural diminutive form of huis (“house”).


Kloosterburen

First attested as cloosterburen hammerick in 1458. Compound of klooster (“monastery”) and the plural form of buur (“house, cottage”). Named after two former monasteries.


Kruisweg

* (Groningen) Attested as KRUISWEG (DE) in 1845. Derived from kruisweg (“crossroads”). The settlement was named for its location next to a crossroads. See also Dutch Low Saxon Kroesweeg.
* (Zuid-Holland) Attested as KRUISWEG (AAN-DEN-) in 1845. Derived from kruisweg (“crossroads”).

a hamlet in Lansingerland, South Holland, Netherlands


't Lage van de Weg

/ət ˈlaː.ɣə vɑn də ˈʋɛx/

First attested as Lage van den weg (Het) in 1899. Derived from lage (“low part, low section”) and weg (“way, road”). The village was named for its low-lying position vis-à-vis the Usquerd-Uithuizen road.


Lauwersoog

Compound of the hydronym Lauwers and oog (“land surrounded by water, island”).


Mensingeweer

First attested as mensingheweere and mensinghawere in 1371. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Mense (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- and weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Molenrij

First attested as de molenrijge in 1781. Compound of molen (“mill”) and Dutch Low Saxon riege (“row of houses, embankment”). Compare Bovenrijge and Morige.


Niekerk

* (Het Hogeland) First attested as ter nijerkercke in 1445. Compound of Middle Dutch nie (“new”) and kerk (“church”).
* (Westerkwartier) First attested as to der nyerkerke in 1392. Compound of Middle Dutch nie (“new”) and kerk (“church”). The element nie was added to distinguish the settlement from Oldekerk.

a village in Westerkwartier, Groningen, Netherlands


Noordwolde

* (Friesland) First attested as noortwolde in 1408. Compound of noord (“north-, northern”) and wold (“swamp forest, marsh forest”).
* (Groningen) First attested as nordawalda in 1384. Compound of noord (“north-, northern”) and wold (“swamp forest, marsh forest”). The element noord was added to distinguish the settlement from Zuidwolde.

a village and former municipality of Weststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Oldenzijl

* (village) First attested as oldazile in 1358. Compound of oud (“old”) and zijl (“discharge sluice”).
* (hamlet) Compound of oud (“old”) and zijl (“discharge sluice”).


Onderdendam

First attested as ulderna domme in 1252. Compound of Old Frisian *Ulderna (a surname) or *Ullerna (a surname) and dam (“dam”). Compare Onderwierum.


Oosternieland

First attested as den nyen lande in 1448. From ooster- (“eastern, east-”) and nieuwland (“newly reclaimed land”). The element ooster was added to distinguish the settlement from Westernieland.


Westernieland

First attested as inden nyen lande in 1406. Compound of wester- (“western, west-”) and nieuwland (“newly reclaimed land”). The element wester- was added to distinguish the settlement from Oosternieland.


Oudeschip

First attested as het Oude-Schip in 1848. Compound of oud (“old”) and schip (“ship”). According to local history, the settlement sprang up around a beached ship.


Pieterburen

First attested as sancti Petri in 1371. Compound of the name of Saint Peter and the plural form of buur (“house, cottage”). The settlement was named after the patron saint of the parish church.


Rasquert

First attested as riazuurð in the 10th or 11th century. Potentially derived from a compound of Old Frisian *hriad (“reed”) and uurð (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Roodeschool

First attested as ROODE SCHOOL (DE) in 1847. Compound of rood (“red”) and school (“school”). The settlement was named after a schoolhouse which was either painted red or had red roof tiles.


Rottum

* (Friesland) First attested as ruthne in 1132. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from an ancient hydronym derived from Proto-Indo-European *reu- (“dig”). Compare Roermond.
* (Groningen) First attested as rotton in the 10th or 11th century. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from an ancient hydronym, derived in turn from a term cognate to the element raad in dageraad (“dawn”) or from Proto-Indo-European *arat- (“protruding, projecting”).

cog

De Fryske Marren
De Fryske Marren#English

a village in De Fryske Marren, Friesland, Netherlands


Saaxumhuizen

First attested as xaxamahusum in 1454. Compound of either the toponym Saexum or Old Frisian Xaxama (a surname) and the plural form of huis (“house”). Compare Saaksum, Lutke Saaxum and Sassenheim.


Sauwerd

First attested as sawert in 1319. Potentially a compound of Old Frisian sâtha (“sod, turf”) or sâth (“source, well”) and werth (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”). Compare Laad en Zaad.


Schouwerzijl

First attested as aqueductui in schuwum in 1371. Compound of the toponym Schouwen and zijl (“discharge sluice”).


Stitswerd

First attested as stukisweret around the second half of the 9th century. Compound of Old Frisian *Stukki (a personal name) and uurð (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”).


Tinallinge

First attested as ingaddingenheim around the first half of the 10th century. Compound of Old Frisian Ingald (a personal name) and heem (“home, settlement”). The initial T- is the result of the preposition te (“at”) being contracted into the toponym. Compare Taarlo, Tolbert and Tubbergen.


Uithuizen

First attested as uthuson in the 10th or 11th century. Compound of Old Frisian ut (“outer, out-, seaward”) and the dative plural form of hûs (“house”).


Uithuizermeeden

First attested as uthusum... in pratis ejusdem in 1354. Compound of the toponym Uithuizen and the dative plural form of Old Frisian mede (“pasture”).


Ulrum

First attested as uuluiringhem in the 10th or 11th century. Compound of Old Frisian Wulfher (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- and heem (“home, settlement”).


Usquert

First attested as uuiscuuyrð in 840-849. Compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian uurð (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The first element may be wisch (“low-lying pasture which floods in winter”).


Warffum

First attested as werfhem in 840-849. Compound of Old Frisian werf (“artificial mound used for habitation”) and heem (“home, settlement”).


Wehe-den Hoorn

Wehe is first attested as uuie in the 10th or 11th century. den Hoorn is first attested as up de horne in 1398. Wehe is derived from Old Frisian wie (“shrine, temple”). den Hoorn is derived from the dative singular form of horn (“bend, corner”). Compare for Wehe Wijhe and Wye.


Winsum

* (Groningen) First attested as uinchem and uuinkhem in the 10th or 11th century. Etymology uncertain. The toponym may be a compound of a personal name, Old Frisian *wink (“corner”) or an otherwise unattested toponym *Winiki and heem (“home, settlement”).
* (Friesland) First attested as winshyum in the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Winsum, potentially derived from a compound of Old Frisian Wynka (a personal name) and hēm (“home, settlement”).

a village in Waadhoeke, Friesland, Netherlands


Zandeweer

First attested as sondwere in 1358. Compound of Old Frisian sond (“sand”) and weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Saandeweer.


Zoutkamp

First attested as soltcampum in 1418. Compound of Old Frisian salt (“salt”) and kamp (“enclosed piece of land”). The toponym may refer to the settlement's close proximity to the sea or to salt-extraction industries.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Zoltkamp.


Zuurdijk

First attested as suterdicke in the 13th century. Compound of a contracted form of zuider- (“southern, south-”) and dijk (“levee”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Zoerdiek.


Warfhuizen

Potentially attested as vrua in 786-787, attested with certainty as werffhusum in the 13th century. Compound of Old Frisian werve (“artificial hill used for habitation”) and the plural form of huis (“house”).


Wetsinge

/ˈʋɛt.sɪ.ŋə/

First attested as uuirkingi in the 10th or 11th century. Derived from either Old Frisian Werk (a personal name) or wirk (“fortress, fortification”) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-. Compare Wessinghuizen and Wessingtange.


Abbeweer

/ˌɑ.bəˈʋeːr/

First attested as opp abba wera medum in 1471. Compound of Old Frisian Abbe (a personal name) and weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Alinghuizen

First attested as aldynghehusen in 1410. Compound of Old Frisian Ale (a personal name) suffixed with -ingi- and the plural form of huis (“house”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Allenhoezen.


Barnegaten

First attested as Barnjegat in 1781. Compound of a dialectal form of branden (“burn”) and the plural form of gat (“kolk lake, hole in a levee”). The toponym refers to two restored levees along the Reitdiep.


Bellingeweer

/ˌbɛ.lɪ.ŋəˈʋeːr/

First attested as beltkeweer in 1462. Compound of Old Frisian Belle (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- and weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”). Formerly an independent hamlet.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Bellenweer.

a neighbourhood of Het Hogeland, Groningen, Netherlands


Beusum

First attested as Beusma and Beusums in 1525. Derived from West Frisian Beusma (a surname). Originally the name of a fortified manor.


Bokum

First attested as Bokum in 1781. Potentially derived from West Frisian Bokema (a surname). Originally the name of a farmhouse.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Bökkum.


De Dingen

First attested as dyngum in 1339. Potentially derived from Old Frisian denga (“fertilise”), dung (“manure”), here referring to land freshly brought into cultivation.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Dingum.


De Houw

First attested as houa in the 10th or 11th century. Derived from the dative singular form of Old Frisian hof (“farmstead”).


De Knijp

First attested as KNIJP (DE) in 1845. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon kniep (“small dam, plank which can be raised to allow water to flow”).


De Raken

Derived from the plural form of Dutch Low Saxon raak (“straight section of a watercourse between two bends”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon De Roaken.


Deikum

First attested as deijkum in 1781. Likely derived from dijk (“levee”). The ending in -um likely developed under the influence of nearby toponyms.


Doodstil

First attested as doetijl in 1456. Compound of Old Frisian Dode (a personal name) and til (“fixed bridge”).


Douwen

First attested as da dowa in 1381. Etymology unknown. Originally the name of a field.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Daauwen.

unk

unknown


Ellerhuizen

First attested as aylardahusum in 1384. Compound of Old Frisian Aylarda (a surname) and the plural form of huis (“house”). Compare Ellersinghuizen.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Ellerhoezen.


Ernstheem

First attested as ernestahusum and ernstahusun in 1281. Derived from a compound of Old Frisian Ernest (a personal name) and the dative plural form of hūs (“house”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Eernsum.


Eelswerd

First attested as ellasuurð in the 10th or 11th century. Compound of Old Frisian Elli (a personal name) and uurð (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Elens

First attested as alingi in the 10th or 11th century. Derived from Old Frisian Alo (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.


Grijssloot

First attested as Grysloot around 1660. Compound of grijs (“grey”) and sloot (“ditch”). The toponym allegedly derives from the presence of a Cistercian chapel near the future settlement. Compare Schiermonnikoog and Wittewierum.


Harssens

First attested as hersingi in the 10th or 11th century. Derived from Old Frisian Hersa (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Hazzens.


Hefswal

First attested as Hevs wal in 1781. Derived from Old Frisian heveswal (“maritime levee”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Hefwaal.


Hekkum

First attested as elle heckema in den upgho in 1400. Probably derived from Old Frisian Heckema (a surname).


Helwerd

First attested as heleuuyrð in 840-849. Compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian uurd (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The first element may be Proto-Germanic *halu (“sloping”) or Old Frisian *hailaga (“holy, sacred”). Compare Helhuizen, Hell, Holwerd and Hulhuizen.


Heuvelderij

/ˌɦøː.vəl.dəˈrɛi̯/

First attested as Mosselderij in 1867. Derived from Heuvel (a surname) suffixed with -erij. Compare Brillerij, Schimmelarij, Schutterij and Stadterij.


Hiddingezijl

/ˌɦɪ.dɪ.ŋəˈzɛi̯l/


Holwinde

/ɦɔlˈʋɪn.də/

First attested as holwynde in 1479. Potentially a compound of hol (“low-lying, swampy”) and Middle Dutch winde (“object with a bent shape”).


De Horn

* (Groningen) Derived from horn (“protruding bend, corner”).
* (Weesp) Attested as Horn in 1874. Derived from horn (“protruding bend, corner”). The settlement is located in a bend of the Vecht.
* (Alkmaar) Derived from horn (“protruding bend, corner”), referring here to a bend made by the levee next to the Vroonermeer.

a hamlet in Weesp, North Holland, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Alkmaar, North Holland, Netherlands


Kaakhorn

First attested as Kaakhorn in 1899. Compound of kaak (“pillory”) and horn (“corner”).


Katershorn

Compound of Katers (a surname) and horn (“corner”).


Klein Garnwerd

First attested as Kleyn Garwert in 1677-1678. Derived from klein (“small”) and the toponym Garnwerd.


Koningsoord

First attested as Koningsoord (Het) in 1899. Compound of Koning (a surname) and oord (“place”).


Lutke Saaxum

First attested as sasheim and sahsenheim around 802-817. Derived from Old Frisian lutke (“little, small”) and a compound of Sahso (a personal name) and heem (“home, settlement”). Compare Saaksum, Saaxumhuizen and Sassenheim.


Maarhuizen

First attested as maiori huson in the 10th or 11th century. Compound of Old Frisian mâra (“bigger, more”) and the dative plural form of hûs (“house”).


Menkeweer

First attested as menekingwerve in 1329. Compound of Old Frisian Menneke (a personal name) and werve (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Menneweer

First attested as meniuuerua in the 10th or 11th century. Compound of Old Frisian Menne (a personal name) and werve (“artificial mound used for habitation”).


Midhalm

First attested as midhallum in 1781. Compound of mid (“middle, mid-”) and Old Frisian holme (“hill, riverine island”).


Noordpolder

Compound of noord (“north-, northern”) and polder (“polder”). Named after the polder of the same name.


Noordpolderzijl

First attested as Noordpolder Zijl en Zijlhuis in 1851-1855. Compound of the toponym Noordpolder and zijl (“discharge sluice”).


Onderwierum

First attested as uldernawerum in 1378. Likely a compound of a family name and the dative plural form of Old Frisian weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”). Compare Onderdendam.


Paapstil

First attested as PAAPTIL in 1847. Compound of Paap (a surname) and til (“fixed bridge”).


Het Reidland

First attested as t Reijde Land in 1781. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon reidland (“reedland”).


Schilligeham

/ˈsxɪ.lɪ.ɣəˌɦɑm/

First attested as apud grangiam in hammis que vulgariter skilgaforwerch appellatur in 1323. Compound of Dutch Low Saxon schillig (“bent”) and ham (“alluvial land in the bend of a river”). The second element was initially voorwerk (“monastic grange”).


Sint Annerhuisjes

First attested as Annerhuisjes (Sint-) in 1936. Compound of the toponym Sint Annen and the plural diminutive form of huis (“house”).


't Stort

First attested as Stort in 1899. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon stört (“earth extracted from a canal which is under construction”).


Ter Laan

First attested as Terlaan in 1522. Derived from an inflected form of te (“at”) and Dutch Low Saxon laan (“lane, path used by a farmer to reach a plot of farmland while riding a horse-drawn carriage”).


Tijum

First attested as tihem in the 10th or 11th century. Compound of either Old Frisian *ti (“place where law is spoken”) or Tia (a personal name) and heem (“home, settlement”).


Valcum

First attested as falconhem in the 10th or 11th century. Compound of Old Frisian Falco (a personal name) and heem (“home, settlement”).


Valom

First attested as Valom in 1899. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon valom (“ruin, building that can collapse at any moment”). The settlement derives its name from an incident in 1877 during which three houses were destroyed by a storm. Compare Kijkuit, Kopaf, De Omval, Pasop and Rolaf.


Vliedorp

First attested as vleghum in 1418. Originally derived from Old Frisian *fliach-hem (“refuge, hiding place”). The second element was gradually replaced with dorp (“village, settlement”).


Wadwerd

First attested as uuatuurð in the 10th or 11th century. Compound of Old Frisian wad (“fordable place”) and uurð (“terp, artificial hill used for habitation”).


Westerhorn

From wester- (“western, west-”) + horn (“corner”).
* (Het Hogeland, near Usquert) First attested in 1628.

af

a hamlet in Westerkwartier, Groningen, Netherlands


Westerdijkshorn

First attested as Dijckshorne in 1558. From wester- (“western, west-”) + dijk (“levee”) + -s- + horn (“corner”).


Westerklooster

First attested as Wester Clooster in 1781. From wester- (“western, west-”) + klooster. The settlement is located to the west of Kloosterburen.


Wierhuizen

First attested as werahuesum and weerahuesum in 1371. Compound of Old Frisian wier (“artificial mound used for habitation”) and the plural form of huis (“house”).


Wierum

* (Friesland) First attested as weyrum in 1335. Borrowed from West Frisian Wierum, presumably derived in turn from the dative plural form of Old Frisian werve (“artificial mound used for habitation”).
* (Groningen) First attested as uuirem in 855. Derived from the dative plural form of Old Frisian *wîr (“artificial mound”).

a village in Noardeast-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Wierumerschouw

First attested as Wierumer Schouw in 1781. Compound of the toponym Wierum and schouw (“ferry”).


Startenhuizen

First attested as stertingahusum in 1391. Potentially derived from Old Frisian stert (“tail”) or dialectal starting (“terrain where goods can temporarily be stored”) and the plural form of huis (“house”). Compare Starting.


Westervalge

Attested as Wester Valge of Hondenest in 1867. From wester- (“western, west-”) and dialectal valg (“tilled land”). The element wester- was added to distinguish the toponym from Oostervalge.


Oostervalge

Attested as Ooster Valge in 1867. From ooster- (“eastern, east-”) and dialectal valg (“tilled land”). The element ooster was added to distinguish the toponym from Westervalge.


De Brake

Derived from braak (“intensively ploughed land”).


Groot Wetsinge

/ˌɣroːt ˈʋɛt.sɪ.ŋə/

Derived from groot (“big, great”) and the toponym Wetsinge. The toponym contrasts with Klein Wetsinge.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Groot Wetsen.


Klein Wetsinge

Derived from klein (“small, lesser”) and the toponym Wetsinge. The toponym contrasts with Groot Wetsinge.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Lutke Wetsen.


Obergum

First attested as obergon in the 10th or 11th century. Etymology uncertain. Possibly a compound of a personal name and either Old Frisian berg (“hill, elevated place”) or hem (“home, settlement”). Formerly an independent village.


Uilenest

Derived from uilennest (“owl's nest”). The neighbourhood's streets are named after owls.


Robbenoort

Compound of the plural form of rob (“seal”) and oord (“place”).


Aduard

First attested as adawerth in 1252. Compound of Old Frisian Ada (a personal name) or Ade (a personal name) and werth (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Auwerd.

a village and former municipality of Westerkwartier, Groningen, Netherlands


Boerakker

First attested as de Buir Acker in 1781. Compound of boer (“farmer”) and akker (“farmland”). Originally the name of a field.


Briltil

First attested as den Bril in 1632. Compound of a variant of briel (“soggy overgrown pasture”) and til (“fixed bridge”).


De Wilp

First attested as De Wilp in 1828. Derived from wulp (“curlew, Numenius arquata”).


Den Horn

First attested as HORN (DEN) in 1844. Derived from horn (“corner”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon n Hörn.


Doezum

First attested as uteradosum alias dosum in 1475. Difficult to interpret. Potentially derived from a compound of Old Frisian Doewe (a personal name) and heem (“home, settlement”) or from the dative plural form of dialectal Dutch Low Saxon does (“swamp or peat bog covered in moss”).


Enumatil

First attested as enematil in 1456. Compound of Old Frisian Enuma (a surname) and til (“fixed bridge”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Aimentil.


Garnwerd

First attested as granauurð in the 10th or 11th century. Compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian uurð (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The first element may be Old Frisian Grano (a personal name).


Grijpskerk

First attested as Ruygwerdt alias Grijpskerke in 1500. Compound of Middle Dutch Grijp (a noble surname) and kerk (“church”). The Grijp family sponsored the construction of the church which the settlement developed around.


Grootegast

First attested as up de grote gast in 1502. Compound of groot (“big, great”) and Old Frisian gast (“elevated sandy land”). The element groot was added to distinguish the settlement from Lutjegast.


Lutjegast

First attested as op de lutkegast in 1459. Compound of lutje (“little, small”) and Old Frisian gast (“elevated sandy land”). The element lutje was added to distinguish the settlement from Grootegast.


Jonkersvaart

First attested as Jonkersgruppel in 1765. Compound of jonker (“squire”) and vaart (“canal”). Exactly which squire ordered the construction of the canal is uncertain.


Kommerzijl

First attested as Upslachster syl in 1634. Likely a compound of West Frisian Kommer (a surname) and zijl (“discharge sluice”).


Kornhorn

First attested as vp Corriger sandt in 1596. Compound of Old Frisian Curre (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- and horn (“corner”). Compare Cornjum, Korhorn and Korrewegwijk.


Lauwerzijl

First attested as Lauwerzijl in 1899. Compound of the hydronym Lauwers and zijl (“discharge sluice”).


Lettelbert

First attested as to lettebeerd in 1444. Compound of Old Frisian lettel (“little, small”) and bert (“settlement”).


Lucaswolde

First attested as lucaswold and lucaswolde in 1385. Compound of Middle Dutch Lucas (a personal name) and wold (“swamp forest, marsh forest”). Compare Luxwoude.


Marum

First attested as marum in 1385. Potentially a compound of Old Frisian mâr (“lake, pool, watercourse”) and heem (“home, settlement”) or a derivation from the dative plural form of mâr. Compare Marrum, Mareham le Fen and Mareham on the Hill.


Midwolde

First attested as mitwolde in 1486. Compound of Middle Dutch mid (“middle, mid-”) and the dative singular form of wold (“swamp forest, marsh forest”).


Niebert

First attested as nyebert in 1385. Compound of Old Frisian nīe (“new”) and bert (“settlement”). The element nīe was added to distinguish the settlement from Tolbert.


Niehove

First attested as suxwort around 1475. Compound of Middle Dutch nie (“new”) and hof (“farmstead, homestead”).


Oldekerk

First attested as aeldakerka in 1392. Compound of Old Frisian ald (“old”) and kerk (“church”). The element ald was added to distinguish the settlement from Niekerk.


Oldehove

* (Groningen) First attested as oldenhove in 1392. Compound of Middle Dutch out (“old”) and the dative singular form of hof (“farmstead, homestead”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Ollehoof.
* (Friesland) Compound of oud (“old”) and hof (“farmstead, homestead”). Formerly an independent village.

a neighbourhood of Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands


Niezijl

First attested as Niezijl in 1579. Compound of nieuw (“new”) and zijl (“discharge sluice”).


Noordhorn

First attested as northorne in 1375. Compound of noord (“north-, northern”) and horn (“corner”). The element noord was added to distinguish the settlement from Zuidhorn.


Zuidhorn

* (Friesland) First attested as Suydthorn in 1718. Compound of zuid (“south-, southern”) and horn (“corner”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Zuudhorn and West Frisian Súdhoarne.
* (Groningen) First attested as hurum in 1338. Compound of zuid (“south-, southern”) and horn (“corner”). The oldest attestation appears to be the dative plural form of horn, formed by analogy with similar toponyms nearby. The element zuid was added to distinguish the settlement from Noordhorn. See also Dutch Low Saxon Zuudhörn.

a hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Nuis

First attested as nuys in 1385. Potentially derived from a contracted compound of Old Frisian nîe (“new”) and hûs (“house”).


Opende

First attested as vpeynde in 1457. Derived from Middle Dutch opeinde (“upper end”).


Pieterzijl

First attested as Pieters Zijl in 1781. Compound of Pieter (a personal name) and zijl (“discharge sluice”).


Saaksum

First attested as toe Zaeckzum up den Hollem and to Saexum in 1564. Derived from Old Frisian Sahso (a personal name) and heem (“home, settlement”). Compare Lutke Saaxum, Saaxumhuizen and Sassenheim.


Sebaldeburen

First attested as in sibaldebuere hove in the 13th century. Compound of Old Frisian Sibald (a personal name) and the plural form of buur (“house, cottage”).


Visvliet

First attested as visvleeth in 1476. Compound of vis (“fish”) and Middle Dutch vliet (“running watercourse”).


Aalsum

* (Friesland) First attested as atlesheim in 944. Borrowed from West Frisian Ealsum, derived in turn from a compound of Old Frisian Athal (a personal name) and hem (“home, settlement”).
* (Groningen) First attested as aelsum in 1449. Difficult to interpret due to a paucity of old attestations. Potentially a compound of Old Frisian Athal (a personal name) and hem (“home, settlement”).


Aduarder Voorwerk

First attested as van den convente of van den vorwarken van adewart in 1389. Derived from the toponym Aduard and voorwerk (“monastic grange”).


Aduarderzijl

First attested as van den zyle, de adewerder ziil gheheten is in 1382. Compound of the toponym Aduard and zijl (“discharge sluice”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Auwerderziel.


Allersma

First attested as Duert Allersma als een rechter toe Edsinge in 1504. Derived from West Frisian Allersma (a surname). Originally the name of a manor, which was named in turn after the family which owned it.


Bakkerom

First attested as Bakkrum in 1913. Etymology unknown. Potentially derived from a compound of a personal name and oom (“uncle”).

unk

unknown


Balmahuizen

First attested as nae ballema gelegen in 1571. Compound of West Frisian Ballema (a surname) and the plural form of huis (“house”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Baalmhoezen.


Barnwerd

First attested as tho berwert in 1526. Compound of Old Frisian bar (“barren, bald”) and wert (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Baarnwerd.


Beswerd

First attested as in buxingi in 855. Compound of Old Frisian *Bokse (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- and wert (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Beeswerd.


Blauw

First attested as Blauw in 1936. Potentially derived from Blauw (a surname).


Boerenstreek

* (Groningen) First attested as de Boerestreek in 1851. Compound of boer (“farmer”) and streek (“row of houses”).
* (Utrecht) Compound of the plural form of boer (“farmer”) and streek (“line, path”). Originally the name of a footpath.

a neighbourhood of Soest, Utrecht, Netherlands


Bokkebuurt

Compound of Dutch Low Saxon bok (“goat”) and buurt (“neighbourhood, hamlet”). The toponym derives from the fact that the hamlet's inhabitants kept goats instead of cows due to their limited means.


Bolshuizen

First attested as Bolshuizen in 1851-1855. Compound of Bols (a surname) or Bolsema (a surname) and the plural form of huis (“house”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Bolshoezen.


De Bombay

First attested as de Uithoorn in 1867. Derived from English Bombay (“Mumbai”). Originally the name of a windmill.


Breemen

First attested as Breemhaer in 1508. Derived from brem (“broom, Cytisus scoparius”). Not derived from the toponym Bremen.


Brillerij

First attested as Brillerij in 1851-1855. Likely derived from Bril (a surname) suffixed with -erij. Compare Heuvelderij, Schimmelarij, Schutterij and Stadterij.


De Eest

First attested as De Eest in 1678. Likely derived from ees (“farmland around a village”) with epenthetic -t.


De Haspel

First attested as de Haspelwijk in 1877. Derived from haspel (“yarn winch”). Named after a nearby canal, which is shaped vaguely like a yarn winch.


De Holm

First attested as in Den Holm in 1559. Derived from dialectal holm (“hill, elevated place”).


De Jammer

Derived from jammer (“wail of anguish, disaster”). Compare Kostverloren and Kostvlies.


De Jouwer

First attested as op de Jouwer in 1641. Potentially derived from West Frisian hjouwer (“oat (Avena sativa)”). Compare Hiaure, De Joere and Joure.


De Kampen

* (Friesland) First attested as op dae campen in 1433. Borrowed from West Frisian De Kampen, derived from the plural form of Old Frisian kamp (“enclosed piece of land”).
* (Groningen) Derived from the plural form of kamp (“enclosed piece of land”).
* (Noord-Holland) Attested as De Ooster Kampen, De Wester Kampen in 1680. Derived from the plural form of kamp (“enclosed piece of land”).

der

a hamlet in Waadhoeke, Friesland, Netherlands

a hamlet in Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands


De Poffert

First attested as de Poffert in 1794. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon poffert (“type of cake”). Originally the name of an inn.
See also Dutch Low Saxon De Povvert.


De Snipperij

First attested as (De) Snipperij in 1866. Derived from Snip (a surname) or Dutch Low Saxon sniep (“piece of lands that tapers to a sharp point”) suffixed with -erij.


De Tenten

Derived from the plural form of tent (“large building”). The toponym refers to a set of former workers' barracks.


De Wieren

* (Friesland) First attested as Groote Wyer in 1543. Borrowed from West Frisian De Wieren, derived from the plural form of wier (“artificial mound used for habitation”).
* (Groningen)

a hamlet in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


De Ruigewaard

/də ˈrœy̯.ɣəˌʋaːrt/

First attested as van den rughe waert in 1476. Compound of ruig (“rough, overgrown”) and waard (“land next to water, riverine island”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon De Roegwaord.


Diepswal

* (Westerkwartier, near Briltil) First attested as DIEPSWAL in 1841. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon diepswal (“bank stabilisation next to a canal”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Daipswaal.
* (Westerkwartier, near Leek) First attested as DIEPSWAL in 1841. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon diepswal (“bank stabilisation next to a canal”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Daipswaal.


Dorp

* (Groningen) First attested as tho dorpe in 1525. Derived from dorp (“farmstead, village, settlement”).
* (Zuid-Holland) Derived from dorp (“village, settlement”). The neighbourhood encompasses the original village centre of Zoetermeer.

a neighbourhood of Zoetermeer, South Holland, Netherlands


Dwarshaspel

First attested as Dwarshaspelwijk in 1936. Compound of dwars (“across”) and haspel (“yarn winch”). Named after a nearby canal.


Eekeburen

First attested as Eekebuiren in 1781. Compound of Old Frisian ek (“oak, Quercus sp.”) and the plural form of buur (“house, cottage”).


Eibersburen

First attested as Eijbersburen in 1781. Compound of West Frisian Eibert (a personal name) and the plural form of buur (“house, cottage”).


Gerrits

Gerritse (alternative)
Gerritsen (alternative)
Gerritsz (alternative)
Gerritsse (alternative)
Gerritssen (alternative)


Fransum

First attested as franchim and frenchem in hunesgonia in 1285. Compound of Old Frisian Frank (a personal name) and heem (“home, settlement”). Unlikely to be named after the Frankish peoples.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Fraansum.


Fransumer Voorwerk

First attested as Fransumer Voorwerk in 1781. Derived from the toponym Fransum and voorwerk (“monastic grange”).


Frytum

First attested as frytemahuis in 1453. Derived from Old Frisian Fritema (a surname). Named after a former castle.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Fritum.


Gaaikemadijk

First attested as olim Gaickinga around 1660. Compound of West Frisian Gaikinga (a surname) and dijk (“levee”). Named after a nearby levee.


Gaaikemaweer

First attested as Gokkemaweer in 1781. Compound of Gaaikema (a surname) and dialectal weer (“parcel, landed property”).


Gaarkeuken

First attested as Gaarkeuken in 1781. Derived from gaarkeuken (“tavern, diner”). The settlement formerly housed four inns.


Hamrik

First attested as Hamrik (De) in 1899. Derived from hamrik (“polder, village area”).


Hardeweer

/ˌɦɑr.dəˈʋeːr/

First attested as to harderweer in 1466. Compound of Middle Dutch Harde (a personal name) or hard (“hard, tough”) and weer (“artificial mound used for habitation”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Haardeweer.


Heereburen

First attested as thoe Herma in 1534. Compound of Old Frisian Herema (a surname) or Here (a personal name) and the plural form of buer (“home, cottage”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Hereburen.


Heineburen

First attested as Heineburen in 1867. Compound of Heine (a personal name) and the plural form of buur (“house, cottage”).


Hilmahuis

/ˈɦɪl.maːˌɦœy̯s/


Hoekje

First attested as Hoekje in 1936. Derived from the diminutive form of hoek (“corner”).


Hoogemeeden

Compound of hoog (“high, elevated”) and the plural form of a variant of made (“pasture”). The element hoog was added to distinguish the settlement from Lagemeeden.


Lagemeeden

Compound of laag (“low”) and the plural form of a variant of made (“pasture”). The element laag was added to distinguish the settlement from Hoogemeeden.


Ikum

First attested as Ikema in 1874. Derived from Ikema (a surname).


Kenwerd

First attested as chinicwirde in 786-787. Compound of Old Frisian chinic (“king”) and wirde (“terp, artificial mound used for habitation”).


Keuningswijk

/ˈkøː.nɪŋsˌʋɛi̯k/

First attested as Keuningswijk in 1936. Compound of Keuning (a surname) and wijk (“secondary canal in a turf extraction area”).


Korhorn

First attested as KORHORN (DE) in 1845. Compound of Old Frisian Curre (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi- and horn (“corner”). Compare Cornjum, Kornhorn and Korrewegwijk.


Krassum

First attested as creslinge around 820. Etymology unknown. A proposed derivation from Proto-Germanic *Kraftilo (a personal name) does not match with the oldest attestations of the toponym.

unk

unknown


't Kret

First attested as Kret in 1867. Derived from Dutch Low Saxon kret (“trees which a horse drawing a cart walks between”).


Kuzemer

First attested as cusemaria in 1338. Potentially derived from Middle Dutch Kuse (a personal name) and maar (“watercourse”). Unlikely to be derived from a compound of kuis (“chaste”) and the name of Saint Mary.


Kuzemerbalk

First attested as Jouwer of Cuzemerbalk in 1851-1855. Compound of the toponym Kuzemer and balk (“bridge”).


Lammerburen

First attested as Lammerbuiren in 1781. Potentially a compound of Dutch Low Saxon lammer (“obstacle”) and the plural form of buur (“home, cottage”).


Nieuwbrug

Compound of nieuw (“new”) and brug (“bridge”).


Nieuwklap

First attested as Nieuweklap in 1867. Compound of nieuw (“new”) and klap (“drawbridge”).


Noorderburen

First attested as Noordhoek in 1867. From noorder- (“northern, north-”) and either the plural form of boer (“farmer”) or buur (“home, cottage”). The element noorder was added to distinguish the settlement from Zuiderburen.


Zuiderburen

* (Friesland, hamlet) Attested as Zuider Buiren in 1718. Calque of West Frisian Suderbuorren, a compound of suder (“southern”) and the plural form of buer (“house, cottage”).
* (Groningen) Attested as Zuidhoek in 1867. Compound of zuider- (“southern, south-”) and either the plural form of boer (“farmer”) or buur (“house, cottage”). The element zuider- was added to distinguish the settlement from Noorderburen.
* (Friesland, neighbourhood) The neighbourhood is named after the hamlet.

a hamlet in Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands


Noordhornerga

First attested as de Gaa in 1781. Compound of the toponym Noordhorn and ga (“village area”).


Noordhornertolhek

First attested as Tolhuis in 1781. Compound of the toponym Noordhorn and tolhek (“toll-gate”).


Okswerd

First attested as oxwerderzijl in 1422. Compound of Old Frisian Okke (a personal name) or oxa (“ox, castrated bull”) and either a term cognate to Old Dutch werd (“land next to water, riverine island”) or were (“plot of land, farmstead”).


Oosterzand

First attested as t Ooster Sand in 1781. From ooster- (“eastern, east-”) + zand (“sand”). The toponym contrasts with Westerzand.


Westerzand

First attested as t Wester Sand in 1781. From wester- (“western, west-”) + zand (“sand”). The toponym contrasts with Oosterzand.


Oostindië

First attested as de Oostindiën in 1839. Derived from Oost-Indië (“East Indies”).


Oostum

First attested as astnem [read: asthem] in the 11th century. Compound of Old Frisian āst (“east, eastern-”) and heem (“home, settlement”).


Pasop

First attested as Pas op in 1851-1855. Derived from the expression pas op (“watch out!”). Compare Kijkuit, Kopaf, De Omval, Rolaf and Valom.


Peebos

First attested as in de Pebebosch in 1828. Compound of Dutch Low Saxon Pebe (a personal name) or Piebe (a personal name) and bos (“rising forest”).


Ruigezand

First attested as Rousant in 1573. Compound of ruig (“overgrown, wild”) and zand (“sand”).


Schifpot

Derived from Dutch Low Saxon schifpot (“kettle in which unusable parts of flax are burned”). The hamlet is named after a kettle used to heat a former inn.


Steentil

Compound of steen (“stone”) and til (“fixed bridge”).


Suttum

First attested as Suttema huys around 1600. Derived either from West Frisian Suttema (a surname) or, if the toponym is older than the surname, from a compound of Old Frisian sūth (“south”) and heem (“home, settlement”).


Tolhek

* (Groningen) Derived from tolhek (“toll-gate”).
* (Zuid-Holland) Derived from tolhek (“toll-gate”).

a neighbourhood of Pijnacker-Nootdorp, South Holland, Netherlands


Topweer

First attested as Topweer in 1781. Compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian were (“parcel, landed property”). The first element may be a familiar form of Old Frisian Theudobald (a personal name) or derive from Dutch Low Saxon top (“first cut of mown grass”).


Trimunt

First attested as trimont in 1473. Derived from a compound of Latin tres (“three”) and mons (“mountain, hill”). Named after a former Benedictine nunnery.


Veldstreek

First attested as de Veldstreek in 1851. Compound of veld (“field”) and streek (“row of houses”).


Zethuis

First attested as dat seethues in 1476. Compound of Old Frisian sêd (“seed, seed stock”) and hûs (“house”).


Pierkesveld

a neighbourhood of Westerkwartier, Groningen, Netherlands


Maashorst

Compound of the hydronym Maas and horst (“overgrown elevated place”). Named after an area of natural beauty located in the centre of the new municipality.

Meronyms: Bedaf, Biesthoek, Brand, Duifhuis, Eikenheuvel, Gaal, Graspeel, Heikant, Hengstheuvel, Hoefkens, Hooge Heide, Hoogveld, Hultje, Kleuter, Kooldert, Kreitsberg, Lagenheuvel, Lankes, Loo, Maatsehei, Moleneind, Mun, Nabbegat, Niemeskant, Odiliapeel, Oosterens, Oventje, Rakt, Reek, Schadron, Schaijk, Slabroek, Strepen, Trent, Uden, Velmolen, Vloet, Voederheil, Volkel, Weeg, Witte Dellen, Zeeland, Zevenhuis

a municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands


Land van Cuijk

Derived from land (“land”) and the toponym Cuijk. Named after a former fiefdom.

Meronyms: Beers, Beugen, Blauwenhoek, Boxmeer, Broekkant, Bruggen, Cuijk, De Berg, De Boer, De Dellen, De Gagel, De Hoef, Den Hoek, De Plaats, De Rijtjes, Dommelsvoort, Driehoek, Escharen, Ewinkel, Gassel, Grave, Groeningen, Haart, Ham, Hank, Haps, Haring, Heeswijk, Heihoek, Heikant, Helbroek, Hoeven, Holthees, Hoogeind, Huij, Hulsbeek, Katwijk, Klein-Vortum, Krolhoek, Laageind, Lamperen, Landhorst, Langenboom, Ledeacker, Linden, Maashees, Meeren, Mill, Molengat, Nieuw-Gassel, Noord, Noordkant, Oeffelt, Op den Bosch, Oploo, Oude Waranda, Overloon, Papenvoort, Park, Peelkant, Peelstraat, Putselaar, Rijkevoort, Rijkevoort-De Walsert, Rondveld, Sambeek, Schafferden, Sint Agatha, Sint Anthonis, Sint Hubert, Spekklef, Stevensbeek, 't Herselt, Toven, Tuuthees, Ullingen, Velp, Verloren Hoek, Vianen, Vierlingsbeek, Vlagberg, Vortum-Mullem, Wanroij, Werveld, Westerbeek, Wilbertoord, Zandkant, Zevenhutten, Zuid Carolina


Frygië

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Φρυγία (Phrugía), probably via Latin Phrygia.

(historical) Phrygia (a geographic region and ancient kingdom in the west central part of Asia Minor, in what is now modern-day Turkey)


Schoterland

Calque of West Frisian Skoatterlân, a compound of the toponym Aldskoat and lân (“land”).

a former municipality of Friesland, Netherlands


Baarderadeel

Borrowed from West Frisian Baarderadiel, a compound of the toponym Baerd and diel (“district, rural administrative area”).


Barradeel

Borrowed from West Frisian Barradiel, a compound of the toponyms Seisbierum and diel (“district, rural administrative area”). The municipality was named after an older form of the toponym Sexbierum (Sixtibarra).


Boornsterhem

Borrowed from West Frisian Boarnsterhim, a compound of the hydronym De Boarn and him (“polder, land located in a riverbend, land next to water”).


Gaasterland

Borrowed from West Frisian Gaasterlân, a compound of geast (“elevated sandy land”) and lân (“land”).


Gaasterland-Sloten

Borrowed from West Frisian Gaasterlân-Sleat, a compound of the toponyms Gaasterlân and Sleat.


Haskerland

Borrowed from West Frisian Haskerlân, a compound of haske (“a type of grass”) and lân (“land”).


Hemelumer Oldeferd

Borrowed from West Frisian Himmelumer Aldefurd, derived from the toponym Himmelum and a compound of âld (“old”) and ferd (“legal district”).


Hennaarderadeel

Borrowed from West Frisian Hinnaarderadiel, a compound of the toponym Hinnaard and diel (“district, rural administrative area”).


Idaarderadeel

Borrowed from West Frisian Idaarderadiel, a compound of the toponym Idaerd and diel (“district, rural administrative area”).


Lemsterland

Borrowed from West Frisian Lemsterlân, a compound of the toponym De Lemmer and lân (“land”).


Nijefurd

Borrowed from West Frisian Nijefurd, a compound of nij (“new”) and ferd (“legal district”). The name was chosen to contrast with Hemelumer Oldeferd.


Oostdongeradeel

Borrowed from West Frisian East-Dongeradiel, a compound of east (“east-, eastern”) and the toponym Dongeradiel.


Westdongeradeel

Borrowed from West Frisian West-Dongeradiel, a compound of west (“west-, western”) and the toponym Dongeradiel.


Rauwerderhem

Borrowed from West Frisian Raarderhim, a compound of the toponym Raerd and him (“polder”).


Skarsterlân

Borrowed from West Frisian Skarsterlân, a compound of skar (“communal pasture”) and lân (“land”).


Tjum

Borrowed from an archaic variant of the toponym West Frisian Tsjom.


Utingeradeel

Borrowed from West Frisian Utingeradiel.


Wonseradeel

Borrowed from West Frisian Wûnseradiel, a compound of the toponym Wûns and diel (“district, rural administrative area”).


Wymbritseradeel

Borrowed from West Frisian Wymbritseradiel, a compound of the toponym Wymbrits and diel (“district, rural administrative area”).


Waadhoeke

Borrowed from West Frisian De Waadhoeke, a compound of Waad (“Wadden Sea”) and hoeke (“corner”).

Meronyms: Achlum, Arkens, Barrum, Baijum, Beetgum, Beetgumermolen, Berlikum, Blessum, Boer, Boksum, Bonkwerd, Deinum, De Kampen, De Poelen, De Vlaren, Dijkshoek, Dijksterhuizen, Doijum, Dongjum, Dronrijp, Engelum, Fatum, Firdgum, Franeker, Franjumerburen, Hatsum, Herbaijum, Het Hooghout, Hitzum, Holprijp, Kie, Kiesterzijl, Kingmatille, Klooster Anjum, Klooster-Lidlum, Koehool, Koum, Laakwerd, Lutjelollum, Marssum, Menaldum, Miedum, Minnertsga, Nieuwebildtzijl, Nij Altoenae, Oosterbierum, Oosterend, Oosthoek, Oudebildtzijl, Peins, Pietersbierum, Ried, Ritsumazijl, Roptazijl, Salverd, Schalsum, Schelum, Schingen, Sexbierum, Sint Annaparochie, Sint Jacobiparochie, Slappeterp, Sopsum, Spannum, Stad Niks, Tallum, Teetlum, Tjeppenboer, Tolsum, Tritzum, Tzum, Tzummarum, Vrouwbuurtstermolen, Vrouwenparochie, War, Weakens, Welsrijp, Westerend, Westhoek, Wier, Winsum, Zwarte Haan, Zweins

a municipality of Friesland, Netherlands


Noordoost-Friesland

Calque of West Frisian Noardeast-Fryslân, a compound of noardeast (“northeast”) and Fryslân (“Frisia”).

clq

Meronyms: Aalsum, Abbewier, Anjum, Augsbuurt, Beintemahuis, Betterwird, Birdaard, Blija, Bollingawier, Bonte Hond, Bornwird, Bornwirdhuizen, Boteburen, Brandeburen, Brantgum, Burum, De Dellen, De Keegen, De Kolk, De Leegte, De Rijp, De Schans, De Wirden, Dijkshorne, Dokkum, Dokkumer Nieuwe Zijlen, Drieboerehuizen, Ee, Engwierum, Ezumazijl, Ferwerd, Foudgum, Galilea, Genum, Groot Medhuizen, Halfweg, Hallum, Hallumerhoek, Hanenburg, Hantum, Hantumerhoek, Hantumeruitburen, Hantumhuizen, Hiaure, Hogebeintum, Holwerd, Huis ter Noord, It Paradyske, Janum, Jislum, Jouswier, Kettingwier, Klein Medhuizen, Kletterbuurt, Kollum, Kollumeroudzijl, Kollumerpomp, Kollumerzwaag, Krabburen, Laagland, Lichtaard, Lioessens, Lutkelaard, Lutkewier, Marrum, Metslawier, Moddergat, Molenbuurt, Morra, Munnekezijl, Nes, Niawier, Nieuwland, Oosterbeintum, Oosternijkerk, Oostmahorn, Oostrum, Oudterp, Oudwoude, Oudwouderzijlen, Paesens, Raard, Reidswal, Reitsum, Scharnehuizen, Sibrandahuis, Steenharst, Steenvak, Stiem, Teerd, Teijeburen, Tergracht, Ter Lune, Ternaard, Tibma, Tilburen, Tiltjeburen, Triemen, 't Schoor, Vaardeburen, Veenklooster, Veldburen, Vijfhuizen, Visbuurt, Waaxens, Wanswerd, Warfstermolen, Weerdeburen, Westerburen, Westergeest, Westernijkerk, Wetsens, Wie, Wierum, Wijgeest, Zandbulten, Zevenhuizen, Zwagerbosch

Noardeast-Fryslân (a municipality of Friesland, Netherlands)


Augustinusga

First attested as parrochia beati Augustini around 1240. Calque of West Frisian Stynsgea, a compound of the name of Saint Augustine and ga (“village, village area”).

a village and former municipality of Achtkarspelen, Friesland, Netherlands


Boelenslaan

First attested as Boelenslaan in 1899. Compound of Boelens (a surname) and laan (“lane”). Named after the road which the village sprang up around.

a village in Achtkarspelen, Friesland, Netherlands