Andes

Borrowed from Spanish Andes, or alternatively Latin Andes.

1596, Jan Huyghen van Linschoten, Itinerario, voyage ofte schipvaert naer Oost ofte Portugaels Indien 1579-1592, Vol. 3, C.P. Burger & F.W.T. Hunger (eds.), Martinus Nijhoff (publ. 1934), page 176.
Soo zijn dan die grensen oost ende zuyden Argyropolis, nae den nederganck die zuyder Zee, nae't noorden die Province Pastoa, dit landt wordt afghedeelt in driederley deelen, in Planitiem, Sierras, Andes, dat is in even ofte plat landt aen die Zee ligghende, in berghen ofte in berghachtighe landen, die midden door't landt strecken, ende in Peru over het gheberchte nae't oosten.

The borders are like this: to the east and south Argyropolis (name of a river), to the descent to the south the sea, to the north the Province Pastoa, this land is divided into three parts, into Planitiem, Sierras, Andes, that is into level or flat land lying next to the sea, into mountains or into mountainous lands, that range across the middle of the lands, and into Pery over the mountains to the east.


Maas

From Middle Dutch Mase, from Old Dutch *Masa, from Proto-Germanic *Masō. Dutch is one of the few languages in which the Germanic name survives directly; most other languages have borrowed the name from Dutch or from a Romance language.

Meuse, Maas (a major river that flows about 901 km (560 mi) from France through Belgium and the Netherlands to the North Sea)


Tiber

Tiber, the river that flows through Rome in Italy.


AZN

Algemeen Zuid-Nederlands
Algemeen Zuid-Nederlands#Dutch

abbreviation of Algemeen Zuid-Nederlands (“Belgian Standard Dutch”)


Frankrijk

nl-proper noun

Frankrijk n (adjective Frans, demonym Fransman m or Franse f or Française f)

Frans (adjective)
Fransman (demonym masculine)
Franse (demonym feminine)
Française (demonym feminine)
Franckrijk (alternative)
Frankryk (alternative)
Vrankryk (alternative)
Vranckrijk (alternative)
Vrankrijk (alternative)

Afrikaans: Frankryk

From Middle Dutch Vrankerike. By surface analysis, Frank + rijk.
The hamlet in Friesland is named after the country. It may have been originally the name of a field owned by the Frankena family, with the name Frankrijk being applied as a humorous reference to the property. See also Dutch Low Saxon Fraankriek and West Frisian Frankryk.
The hamlet in Gelderland is first attested as franckryk in 1401. Named after the country. Formerly an independent hamlet.

France (a country located primarily in Western Europe)

a hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands

a neighborhood of Harderwijk, Gelderland, Netherlands


Duitsland

Duitsland n (adjective Duits, demonym Duitser m or Duitse f)

Duits (adjective)
Duitser (demonym masculine)
Duitse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Duitsland

Negerhollands: dutschland

From Middle Dutch Duutschlant. Equivalent to Duits + land.

Germany (a country in Central Europe, formed in 1949 as West Germany, with its provisional capital Bonn until 1990, when it incorporated East Germany)


Schotland

Afrikaans: Skotland

From Middle Dutch Schotlant. By surface analysis, Schot + land.

Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom)


Spanje

Spanje n (adjective Spaans, demonym Spanjaard m or Spaanse f)

Spaans (adjective)
Spanjaard (demonym masculine)
Spaanse (demonym feminine)

> Afrikaans: Spanje (inherited)

Ultimately from Latin Hispānia, possibly from Punic [Term?].

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Ierland

Ierland n (adjective Iers, demonym Ier m or Ierse f)

Iers (adjective)
Ier (demonym masculine)
Ierse (demonym feminine)

From Middle Dutch Ierlant, equivalent to Ier + land.

Ireland (an island and country in northwestern Europe)


IJsland

IJsland n (adjective IJslands, demonym IJslander m or IJslandse f)

IJslands (adjective)
IJslander (demonym masculine)
IJslandse (demonym feminine)

North Atlantic Ocean
North Atlantic Ocean#English

Iceland (an island and country in the North Atlantic Ocean in Europe)


Noorwegen

Noorwegen n (adjective Noors, demonym Noor m or Noorse f)

Noors (adjective)
Noor (demonym masculine)
Noorse (demonym feminine)

Norway (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


Letland

Letland n (adjective Lets, demonym Let m or Letse f)

Lets (adjective)
Let (demonym masculine)
Letse (demonym feminine)

Latvia (a country in northeastern Europe)


Zweden

Zweden n (adjective Zweeds, demonym Zweed m or Zweedse f)

Zweeds (adjective)
Zweed (demonym masculine)
Zweedse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Swede

Sweden (a country in Scandinavia in Northern Europe)


Russische Federatie

Russian Federation
Russian Federation#English:_Q159

Russian Federation (official name of Russia: a transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


Wit-Rusland

Wit-Rusland n (adjective Wit-Russisch, demonym Wit-Rus m or Wit-Russin f or Wit-Russische f)

Wit-Russisch (adjective)
Wit-Rus (demonym masculine)
Wit-Russin (demonym feminine)
Wit-Russische (demonym feminine)

→ Afrikaans: Wit-Rusland

From wit (“white”) + Rusland (“Russia”), a calque of Russian Белору́ссия (Belorússija). Cognate with German Weißrussland, English White Russia, Faroese Hvítarussland, Swedish Vitryssland among others.


Oekraïne

nl-proper noun

Oekraïne n or f (adjective Oekraïens, demonym Oekraïner m or Oekraïense f)

Oekraïens (adjective)
Oekraïner (demonym masculine)
Oekraïense (demonym feminine)
Oekraïene (alternative dated)
Oekraine (alternative dated)
Ukraine (alternative obsolete)
Ukraïne (alternative dated)

Afrikaans: Oekraïne

Borrowing, probably from French. First attested as Ukraine in the 17th century.

Den koningh van Polen, ſoo men vermoed, is den Nieper-ſtroom gepaſſeert, alwaer ſich met de Littauwſe Armee ſal conjungeren, en alſo een attentaet op de Stadt Kiow doen; veele zijn verwondert, dat ſich ſijne Majeſt. met een ſlechte en qualick gediſciplineerde Armee, ſoo diep inde Ukraine, en ſoo naer aen des vyants Landt waeght, door dien de Coſacken qualick te vertrouwen zijn.

1663 November 20, “Poolen, Pruyssen, &c.”, in Tydinge uyt verscheyde Quartieren, number 48, page 2:

The king of Poland, as people suspect, has passed the course of the Dnieper, where he will join up with the Lithuanian army, and thus will make an attack on the city of Kyiv; many people are surprised that His Majesty ventures so far into the Ukraine with a bad and badly disciplined army, and so close to enemy territory, because the Cossacks cannot be trusted.

Ukraine (a country in Eastern Europe, bordering on the north shore of the Black Sea)


Zwitserland

Zwitserland n (adjective Zwitsers, demonym Zwitser m or Zwitserse f)

Zwitsers (adjective)
Zwitser (demonym masculine)
Zwitserse (demonym feminine)
Switserland (alternative obsolete)
Switserlant (alternative obsolete)
Zwitserlant (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: Switserland

Compound of Zwitser (“Swiss person”) + land.

Helvetische Republiek
Helvetische Republiek#Dutch

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe; official name: Helvetische Republiek)


Oostenrijk

Oostenrijk n (adjective Oostenrijks, demonym Oostenrijker m or Oostenrijkse f)

Oostenrijks (adjective)
Oostenrijker (demonym masculine)
Oostenrijkse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Oostenryk

From Middle Dutch Oostenrike, etymologically decomposable as oosten + rijk.


Oostenrijk

First attested as toesterich in 1413. From a contracted compound of ooster- (“eastern”) + wijk (“village, settlement”). Compare Meterik, Middelijk, Noordijk, Schadijk, Westrik, De Zoeke, Zoeke and Zuuk.

af

Horst aan de Maas
Horst aan de Maas#English

a hamlet in Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Litouwen

nl-proper noun

Litouwen n (adjective Litouws, demonym Litouwer m or Litouwse f)

Litouws (adjective)
Litouwer (demonym masculine)
Litouwse (demonym feminine)

Lithuania (a country in northeastern Europe)


Bulgarije

Bulgarije n (adjective Bulgaars, demonym Bulgaar m or Bulgaarse f)

Bulgaars (adjective)
Bulgaar (demonym masculine)
Bulgaarse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Bulgarye

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


Hongarije

Hongarije n (adjective Hongaars, demonym Hongaar m or Hongaarse f)

Hongaars (adjective)
Hongaar (demonym masculine)
Hongaarse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Hongarye

/ˌɦɔŋ.ɣaːˈrɛi̯.(j)ə/


Albanië

Albanië n (adjective Albanees or Albaans, demonym Albanees m or Albanese f)

Albanees (adjective)
Albaans (adjective)
Albanees (demonym masculine)
Albanese (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Albanië

Indonesian: Albania


Kroatië

Kroatië n (adjective Kroatisch, demonym Kroaat m or Kroatische f)

Kroatisch (adjective)
Kroaat (demonym masculine)
Kroatische (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Kroasië

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Groenland

Groenlandia

Greenland (a large self-governing island and dependent territory of Denmark, in North America)


Denemarken

Denemarken n (adjective Deens, demonym Deen m or Deense f)

Deens (adjective)
Deen (demonym masculine)
Deense (demonym feminine)

Negerhollands: Denemarken


Denemarken

First attested as Denemarcket, Denemarckt and Denemarken in the 16th century. Potentially a compound of Dutch Low Saxon deen (“rough terrain”) and Old Frisian merke (“boundary, march, undivided communal lands”).
See also Dutch Low Saxon Denmaark.

der

a hamlet in Midden-Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


VSA

Verenigde Staten van Amerika
Verenigde Staten van Amerika#Dutch

United States of America
United States of America#English

(chiefly Belgium) initialism of Verenigde Staten van Amerika (= United States of America): a country in North America: USA


Verenigde Staten van Amerika

Calque of English United States of America.

calque

United States of America (a country in North America)


Kopenhagen

/ˌkoːpənˈɦaːɣən/

Copenhagen (the capital city of Denmark)


Londen

London (the capital city of the United Kingdom; the capital city of England)


Parijs

From Middle Dutch Parijs, from Old French Paris.

Paris (the capital and largest city of France)


Brazilië

From Portuguese Brasil + -ië, with the suffix likely under the influence of German Brasilien.

Brazil (a large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Antwerpen

From Middle Dutch Antwerpen, apparently from Medieval Latin Antwerpo, which, if of Germanic origin, like Frankish or Old Frisian, could be from Proto-West Germanic *anda- (“against”) + a noun derived from *werpan (“to throw”), meaning something like "land thrown up at something, "alluvial deposit."
Folk etymology derived it from handwerpen (“hand-throwing”), from hand + werpen, referring to a giant in Flemish legend named Antigoon, said to sever and fling the hands of any boatmen of the Scheldt who did not pay his toll. More at Antwerp.

Meronyms: Berchem, Berendrecht-Zandvliet-Lillo, Borgerhout, Deurne, Ekeren, Hoboken, Merksem, Wilrijk

Antwerp (a large city and municipality, the capital of the province of Antwerp, Belgium; the second-largest city in Belgium)

Laten we naar Antwerpen gaan.

Meronyms: Aartselaar, Antwerpen, Arendonk, Baarle-Hertog, Balen, Beerse, Berlaar, Boechout, Bonheiden, Boom, Bornem, Borsbeek, Brasschaat, Brecht, Dessel, Duffel, Edegem, Essen, Geel, Grobbendonk, Heist-op-den-Berg, Hemiksem, Herentals, Herenthout, Herselt, Hoogstraten, Hove, Hulshout, Kalmthout, Kapellen, Kasterlee, Kontich, Laakdal, Lier, Lille, Lint, Malle, Mechelen, Meerhout, Merksplas, Mol, Mortsel, Niel, Nijlen, Olen, Oud-Turnhout, Putte, Puurs-Sint-Amands, Ranst, Ravels, Retie, Rijkevorsel, Rumst, Schelle, Schilde, Schoten, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Stabroek, Turnhout, Vorselaar, Vosselaar, Westerlo, Wijnegem, Willebroek, Wommelgem, Wuustwezel, Zandhoven, Zoersel, Zwijndrecht

Antwerp (a province of Flanders, Belgium, the most populous)


Argentinië

Ultimately from Latin argentum (“silver”).


Brugge

From Middle Dutch Brugge, from Old Dutch Bruges, Bruggas, Brugias, probably from brugga (“bridge”, now brug), ultimately from Proto-Germanic *brugjǭ.

Meronyms: Assebroek, Dudzele, Koolkerke, Lissewege, Sint-Andries, Sint-Kruis, Sint-Michiels

Bruges (the capital city of West Flanders province, Belgium)


Bolivië

(dated) Bolivia (a country in South America)


Colombië

dated form of Colombia: Colombia (a country in South America)


Algerije

/ˌɑl.ɣəˈrɛi̯.ə/


Tunesië

Afrikaans: Tunisië


Dominicaanse Republiek

Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic#English:_Q786

Dominican Republic (a country in the Caribbean)


Zuid-Afrika

From zuid (“south”) + Afrika (“Africa”).

South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)


Pruisen

Northeast Europe
Northeast Europe#English

(chiefly historical) Prussia (a geographical area on the Baltic coast of Northeast Europe)

(historical) Prussia (a former duchy, kingdom and (after German unification in 1871) a province of Germany, existing from 1525 to 1947 in parts of modern Germany, Poland and Russia)


Arabisch Schiereiland

Arabian Peninsula
Arabian Peninsula#English:_Q31945

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates

Arabian Peninsula (a peninsula of Western Asia between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; includes Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, and the United Arab Emirates)


Italië

nl-proper noun

Italië n (adjective Italiaans, demonym Italiaan m or Italiaanse f)

Italiaans (adjective)
Italiaan (demonym masculine)
Italiaanse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Italië

→ Indonesian: Italia

>? Japanese: イタリア (Itaria)


Slovenië

Slovenië n (adjective Sloveens, demonym Sloveen m or Sloveense f)

Sloveens (adjective)
Sloveen (demonym masculine)
Sloveense (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Slowenië

From Slovene Slovenija, possibly by way of an intermediary. By surface analysis, Sloveen + -ië.

Slovenia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Central Europe)


Macedonië

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Μακεδονία (Makedonía).

Macedonia (a geographic region in Southeast Europe in the Balkans, including North Macedonia and parts of Greece, Bulgaria, Albania and Serbia)

(historical) Macedonia (an ancient Greek kingdom in Southeast Europe)

Macedonia (former name of North Macedonia: a country in Southeast Europe in the Balkans)

administrative region
administrative region

Macedonia (a geographic region and former administrative region of Greece)

Bulgarian Macedonia
Bulgarian Macedonia#English

Macedonia (a geographic region in southwestern Bulgaria; in full, Pirin Macedonia or Bulgarian Macedonia)

(historical) Macedonia (a former constituent republic of Yugoslavia)


Bosnië

Bosnië n (adjective Bosnisch, demonym Bosniër m or Bosnische f)

Bosnisch (adjective)
Bosniër (demonym masculine)
Bosnische (demonym feminine)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Bosnia (a geographic region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, consisting of the northern three fourths of the country)

Bosnië en Herzegovina
Bosnië en Herzegovina#Dutch

Bosnia (a country in southeast Europe; in full, Bosnië en Herzegovina)


Noord-Amerika

North America
North America#English:_Q49

North America (the continent forming the northern part of the Americas)


Zuid-Amerika

South America
South America#English:_Q18

South America (the continent forming the southern part of the Americas)


Esther

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἐσθήρ (Esthḗr), from Biblical Hebrew אֶסְתֵּר.

Ester (alternative)
Hester (alternative possibly)

(biblical) Esther, the main character of the Book of Esther


Susanna

a female given name, equivalent to English Susan


Khoisan

Borrowed from English Khoisan. Equivalent to Khoi + San, names of two unrelated peoples in Southern Africa.


Jacobs

Jacobsz (alternative)
Jacobse (alternative)
Jacobsen (alternative)
Jacobsse (alternative)
Jacobssen (alternative)
Jakobsz (alternative)
Jakobse (alternative)
Jakobsen (alternative)


Jacobus

a male given name, the Latinized form of Jacob


Poltava

Poltava (an oblast in east-central Ukraine)

Poltava (a city, the administrative centre of Poltava Raion, Poltava Oblast, Ukraine)

Poltava (a raion of Poltava Oblast, Ukraine)


Hasselt

* (Belgium) From the root of hazel (“hazel”).
* (Overijssel) First attested as haslet in 1227. Derived from Proto-Germanic *haslaz (“hazel, Corylus avellana”) or *hasala suffixed with the collectivising suffix *-uþi-. See also Dutch Low Saxon Asselt.
* (Dutch Limburg) First attested in 1326 as hasselt. Derived from Proto-Germanic *haslaz (“hazel, Corylus avellana”) or *hasala suffixed with the collectivising suffix *-uþi-.
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as die hasselt in 1382. Derived from Proto-Germanic *haslaz (“hazel, Corylus avellana”) or *hasala suffixed with the collectivising suffix *-uþi-.

inh

a city and former municipality of Zwartewaterland, Overijssel, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Tilburg, North Brabant, Netherlands


Blankenberge

Meronym: Uitkerke

a municipality and town on the coast of Belgium


Oostende

From oost (“east”) + ende (“end”); in the Middle Ages the city was on the eastern end of an island, Testerep, which is now attached to the main land.

Meronyms: Stene, Zandvoorde

Ostend (a city and municipality of Belgium)


De Panne

Meronym: Adinkerke


Turnhout

Meronym: Zevendonk

a city in the province of Antwerp, Belgium


Uittocht

the Exodus; the departure of Hebrew slaves from Egypt


Mongolië

(chiefly historical) Mongolia (a Mongolian-speaking geographic region in East Asia, including the country of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia), the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in China, and sometimes also Buryatia, Tuva and the Altai Republic in Russia)


Renate

a female given name, from Latin Renata, the feminine form of Renatus meaning reborn


nl-proper noun

Voormalige Joegoslavische Republiek Macedonië n

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia#English:_Q221

(historical) former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (former long form of North Macedonia: a country in Southeast Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula; used in diplomatic circles before the 2019 agreement that produced the name North Macedonia due to the naming dispute with Greece over the former name of the country, Macedonia)


Cepheus

Borrowed from Latin Cēpheus, from Ancient Greek Κηφεύς (Kēpheús).


VS

initialism of Verenigde Staten (= United States): a country in North America: US


Verenigde Staten

United States (a country in North America)


Latijns

(proscribed, mostly in spoken language) the Latin language


Septuagint

Shortening of older Septuaginta, perhaps influenced by English.


Seychellen

Seychelles (an archipelago and country in East Africa, in the Indian Ocean)


Georgië

Georgia (a transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)

(dated) Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Bosnië en Herzegovina

Bosnië en Herzegovina n (adjective Bosnisch, demonym Bosniër m or Bosnische f)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English:_Q225

Bosnia and Herzegovina (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Griekenland

Griekenland n (adjective Grieks, demonym Griek m or Griekse f)

Grieks (adjective)
Griek (demonym masculine)
Griekse (demonym feminine)
Griekeland (alternative obsolete)
Griekelandt (alternative obsolete)
Griekelant (alternative obsolete)
Griekenlandt (alternative obsolete)
Griekenlant (alternative obsolete)

Afrikaans: Griekeland

From Middle Dutch Griekenlant, from Old Dutch Grieklant. Equivalent to Griek (“Greek, Greek person”) + -en- + land (“land, country”).


Jordanië

Jordan (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Nieuw-Zeeland

→ English: New Zealand (calque) (see there for further descendants)

New Zealand (a country and archipelago of Oceania, to the east of Australia)


Armenië

Armenia (a country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


Kameroen

Afrikaans: Kameroen

→ Indonesian: Kamerun


Kaapverdië

Cape Verde (an archipelago and country in West Africa)


Centraal-Afrikaanse Republiek

Probably a calque of the French, or perhaps the English.

Central African Republic
Central African Republic#English:_Q929

Central African Republic (a country in Central Africa)


Moldavië

nl-proper noun

Moldavië n (adjective Moldavisch, demonym Moldaviër m or Moldavische f)

Moldavisch (adjective)
Moldaviër (demonym masculine)
Moldavische (demonym feminine)


Wallonië

From Frankish *walh, from Proto-Germanic *walhaz (“foreigner”); alternatively from French Wallonie.


Ethiopië

Afrikaans: Ethiopië

→ Indonesian: Etiopia


Indonesië

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Indië

Afrikaans: Indië

Borrowed from Latin India, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía), from Ἰνδός (Indós), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Proto-Iranian *hínduš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”).

Indiën (alternative obsolete)
Indien (alternative obsolete)
Inje (alternative colloquial obsolete)

Weledele Heer,
Door ons a.s. vertrek naar Indië, zien wij ons, tot onzen grooten spijt, gedwongen, ons lidmaatschap van de Filmliga, voor het volgend seizoen te beëindigen.

1928 May 3, A. Bickes, “Briefwisseling Menno ter Braak - A. Bickes”, in Correspondentie Filmliga, Stichting Menno ter Braak, published 2012:

Dear Sir,
Due to our upcoming departure for the Dutch East Indies, we are forced, to our great regret, to end our membership of the Film League for the next season.

En zo blijkt Indië, ondanks ons aanvankelijk voorbehoud, toch in allerlei nuances en op allerlei niveaus haar stempel op zijn werk te hebben gedrukt. Altijd is er, hoe dan ook, die tjap.

2002 January 25, Peter van Zonneveld, “Altijd is er, hoe dan ook, die tjap. De Indische wereld van F. Springer [There is always, no matter what, that mark. F. Springer's Dutch East Indies world]”, in Indische Letteren, page 120:

And so, despite our initial reservations, the Dutch East Indies turn out to have left their impression on his work in all kinds of nuances and at all kinds of levels. There is always, no matter what, that mark.

(Netherlands, Indonesia, historical, dated, informal) ellipsis of Nederlands-Indië (“Dutch East Indies”), Indonesia in the context of Dutch colonial rule

Nederlands-Indië

Voor de zoveelste keer in haar leven opent Anna Weierink het sigarenkistje dat voor haar vader de bijna dagelijkse band was met Indië. Er zitten foto’s in. (...) De beelden zijn onmiskenbaar verbonden met Indië. Groepsfoto’s in het oerwoud of op de boot, begrafenissen, de graven van gestorven kameraden, vrachtwagens op stoffige wegen, landschappen, portretten.

2024 August 24, Herman Haverkate, “Na 75 jaar reist Anna uit Oldenzaal naar het verleden van haar vader: ‘Indië heeft hem nooit losgelaten’ [After 75 years, Anna from Oldenzaal travels back into her father's past: ‘The war in Indonesia always held sway over him’]”, in Tubantia, retrieved 2024-08-27:

For the umpteenth time in her life, Anna Weierink opens the cigar box that was her father's almost daily link to the Dutch East Indies. There are photographs inside (...) The images are unmistakably linked to the Indonesian war of independence. Group photos in the jungle or on the boat, funerals, the graves of dead comrades, trucks on dusty roads, landscapes, portraits.

(Netherlands, historical, metonymic, dated, colloquial) the Indonesian War of Independence

En weet u, ik heb thuis zo′n groot schilderij hangen. Dat verbeeldt natuurlijk lndië, ja? Adoeh, beeldig. Beeldig!

1978, “Arm Den Haag”, in Willem Wilmink (lyrics), Harry Bannink (music), Weerzien met Indië, performed by Wieteke van Dort:

And do you know, I have a big painting hanging at home. Obviously, it depicts Indonesia, right? My goodness, it's gorgeous. Gorgeous!

(Netherlands, dated, informal) synonym of Indonesië (“Indonesia”); used to refer to the territory and cultural sphere of Indonesia, irrespective of its political status

Indonesië

(historical) the Indies
(rare) the West Indies

(dated) (chiefly historical, proscribed in modern use) India (a region of South Asia, traditionally delimited by the Himalayas and the Indus river; the Indian subcontinent)


Israël

Afrikaans: Israel

→ Indonesian: Israel

From Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל.

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

(biblical) Israel (a Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah)


Koeweit

Kuwait (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Kazachstan

Kazakhstan (a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe)


Kirgizië

Kyrgyzstan (a country in Central Asia, bordering on Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China)


Nederlandse Antillen

Netherlands Antilles
Netherlands Antilles


Noord-Korea

North Korea (a country in East Asia, whose territory consists of the northern part of Korea)


Slowakije

Slowakije n (adjective Slowaaks, demonym Slowaak m or Slowaakse f)

Slowaaks (adjective)
Slowaak (demonym masculine)
Slowaakse (demonym feminine)
Slovakije (alternative)

Afrikaans: Slowakye

[ˌsloʊ̯.ʋaːˈkæɪ̯.jə]


Somalië

Somalia (a country in East Africa, in the Horn of Africa)


Servië en Montenegro

Serbia and Montenegro
Serbia and Montenegro#English:_Q37024

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

(historical) Serbia and Montenegro (a former country in Southeast Europe on the Balkan Peninsula, existing from 1992 to 2006, previously part of Yugoslavia; composed of modern Serbia and Montenegro and known until 2003 as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia)


Saoedi-Arabië

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Zuid-Korea

South Korea (a country in East Asia, comprising the southern part of the Korean Peninsula)


Soedan

Sudan (a country in North Africa and East Africa)


Syrië

Ultimately from Latin Syria, from Ancient Greek Συρίᾱ (Suríā), ultimately from Akkadian 𒀸𒋩 (Aššur, “Assur”).

Syria (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


Trinidad en Tobago

Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago#English:_Q754

Trinidad and Tobago (a country consisting of two main islands and several smaller islands in the Caribbean, off the coast of Venezuela)


Turkije

Turkije n (adjective Turks, demonym Turk m or Turkse f)

Turks (adjective)
Turk (demonym masculine)
Turkse (demonym feminine)

Afrikaans: Turkye

Southeastern Europe
Southeastern Europe#English

Turkey (a country located in Eastern Thrace in Southeastern Europe and Anatolia in western Asia)


Verenigde Arabische Emiraten

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English:_Q878

United Arab Emirates (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Verenigd Koninkrijk

Verenigd Koninkrijk n (adjective Brits, demonym Brit m or Britse f)

Brits (adjective)
Brit (demonym masculine)
Britse (demonym feminine)

United Kingdom
United Kingdom#English:_Q145

United Kingdom (a kingdom and country in Northern Europe)


Vaticaanstad

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


Westelijke Sahara

Western Sahara
Western Sahara#English:_Q6250

Western Sahara (a territory and former Spanish colony in North Africa, now mostly occupied by Morocco, which claims ownership over the territory)


Equatoriaal-Guinea

Equatorial Guinea
Equatorial Guinea#English:_Q983

Equatorial Guinea (a country in Central Africa)


Egypte

Afrikaans: Egipte

Jersey Dutch: Jâpten

From Middle Dutch Egypten, ultimately from Latin Aegyptus, from Ancient Greek Αἴγυπτος (Aíguptos), ultimately from Egyptian ḥwt-kꜣ-ptḥ.
The hamlet in Achtkarspelen is named after the country. It may have been named for its remote location or because of the presence of Roma in the area.
The hamlet in Ooststellingwerf is named after the country. The name may have originally belonged to a farmhouse.
The hamlet in Limburg is first attested in 1958 as Egypte. It is named after the country.
The hamlet in Noord-Brabant is first attested in 1863 as Egypte. It is named after the country.

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

a hamlet in Achtkarspelen, Friesland, Netherlands

a hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands

a hamlet in Bladel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Ivoorkust

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)


Catalonië

autonomous community
autonomous community

Catalonia (an autonomous community in northeast Spain)


Nieuw-Caledonië

New Caledonia (an archipelago and overseas territory of France in Oceania)


Den Haag

→ German: Den Haag

→ Sranan Tongo: Aga
→ Dutch: Agga

→ West Frisian: De Haach

From Middle Dutch Die Hāge (“the enclosure”), from hāge (m, later also f, “enclosure, hedge”), from Proto-Germanic *hagô. First attested in 1242 as die haga. The article form den is dative/accusative, generalized in the modern name because of its use after prepositions, e.g. in den Haghe (“in The Hague”). Compare Den Bosch, Den Hoorn etc.

Meronym: Haagoord

The Hague (a city and municipality, the capital of South Holland, Netherlands; the administrative capital of the Netherlands)

(figuratively, metonymic) the national government or administrative authority of the Netherlands


Oost-Vlaanderen

Meronyms: Aalst, Aalter, Assenede, Berlare, Beveren, Brakel, Buggenhout, Deinze, Denderleeuw, Dendermonde, De Pinte, Destelbergen, Eeklo, Erpe-Mere, Evergem, Gavere, Gent, Geraardsbergen, Haaltert, Hamme, Herzele, Horebeke, Kaprijke, Kluisbergen, Kruibeke, Kruisem, Laarne, Lebbeke, Lede, Lierde, Lievegem, Lochristi, Lokeren, Maarkedal, Maldegem, Melle, Merelbeke, Moerbeke, Nazareth, Ninove, Oosterzele, Oudenaarde, Ronse, Sint-Gillis-Waas, Sint-Laureins, Sint-Lievens-Houtem, Sint-Martens-Latem, Sint-Niklaas, Stekene, Temse, Waasmunster, Wachtebeke, Wetteren, Wichelen, Wortegem-Petegem, Zele, Zelzate, Zottegem, Zulte, Zwalm


Vlaanderen

From Middle Dutch Vlaendren, from Old Dutch *flāmdra-, from Old Frisian *flāmdra-, from Proto-Germanic *flaumaz.

administrative region
administrative region

Flanders (a historical region and modern administrative region in the north of Belgium, consisting of the Dutch-speaking area of Belgium)

Flanders (a historical county and cultural region of Western Europe, at its maximum covering most of Belgium, parts of northeast France, and a corner of the Netherlands; in full, County of Flanders)

Flanders (two provinces in Belgian Flanders, West Flanders and East Flanders)


West-Vlaanderen

Meronyms: Alveringem, Anzegem, Ardooie, Avelgem, Beernem, Blankenberge, Bredene, Brugge, Damme, Deerlijk, De Haan, Dentergem, De Panne, Diksmuide, Gistel, Harelbeke, Heuvelland, Hooglede, Houthulst, Ichtegem, Ieper, Ingelmunster, Izegem, Jabbeke, Knokke-Heist, Koekelare, Koksijde, Kortemark, Kortrijk, Kuurne, Langemark-Poelkapelle, Ledegem, Lendelede, Lichtervelde, Lo-Reninge, Menen, Mesen, Meulebeke, Middelkerke, Moorslede, Nieuwpoort, Oostende, Oostkamp, Oostrozebeke, Oudenburg, Pittem, Poperinge, Roeselare, Ruiselede, Spiere-Helkijn, Staden, Tielt, Torhout, Veurne, Vleteren, Waregem, Wervik, Wevelgem, Wielsbeke, Wingene, Zedelgem, Zonnebeke, Zulenkerke, Zwevegem


KUL

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
w:Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

initialism of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, a Flemish university in Belgium


Jeroen

Ultimately from Latin Hieronymus, from Ancient Greek Ῑ̔ερώνῠμος (Hīerṓnŭmos).

a male given name, equivalent to English Jerome or Jeremy


Michel

a male given name, equivalent to English Michael


Wilhelmina

From Latin Wilhelmina, feminisation of Wilhelmus.

a female given name, masculine equivalent Willem


Edam

First attested as aedamme in 1342-1343. Compound of the hydronym Ee (derived from aa (“watercourse, river”)) and Middle Dutch dam (“dam”).

a city in Edam-Volendam, North Holland, Netherlands


Stevens

Stevense (alternative)
Stevensen (alternative)
Stevensse (alternative)
Stevenssen (alternative)
Stevensz (alternative)
Steevens (alternative)
Steevense (alternative)
Steevensen (alternative)
Steevensse (alternative)
Steevenssen (alternative)
Steevensz (alternative)


Trent

First attested as op de Trent in 1727. Derived from Middle Dutch trent (“round object, disc, circle”).

inh

a hamlet in Maashorst, North Brabant, Netherlands


Tobias

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Τοβίας (Tobías), from Hebrew טוֹבִיָּה (toviyá, literally “my good is YHWH”).


Minsk

Ultimately from Belarusian Мінск (Minsk).


Port Moresby

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English

Port Moresby (the capital city of Papua New Guinea)


Santiago

Santiago de Chile
Santiago de Chile#English

Santiago, Santiago de Chile (the capital city of Chile)


Paramaribo

nl:Instituut ter Bevordering van de Surinamistiek

First attested in 1617. From Kari'na; para is an element indicating "water" and the locative suffix -bo, which occurs frequently in toponyms in the Guianas, means "place where someone or something is located". A more precise meaning could not be established.

Paramaribo (the capital city of Suriname)

Paramaribo District
w:Paramaribo District

Paramaribo District (a district of Suriname)


Eridanus

(Greek mythology) Eridanus (mythical river)


Kinshasa

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

Kinshasa (the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo)


Shetland

Shetland Islands
Shetland Islands#English

Shetland, Shetland Islands (an archipelago and council area of Scotland, roughly north-east of the Orkney Islands; the northernmost part of Scotland and the United Kingdom)


Hank

* (Altena) First attested as De Hank in 1851. Potentially derived from dialectal hang (“place where fishing nets were hung out to dry, fish smoking unit”). Alternatively, the toponym may be cognate to hangen (“hang”) and refer to fencing or a small building.
* (Land van Cuijk) First attested as hanck in 1485. Apparently to be related to hangen (“hang”), referring here to fencing or a small building.

a village in Altena, North Brabant, Netherlands

a hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Bahrein

Ultimately from Arabic الْبَحْرَيْن (al-baḥrayn, “Bahrain; the two seas”), with omission of the definite article.

الْبَحْرَيْن

Bahrain (an archipelago, island, and country in Western Asia, in the Persian Gulf)


Eva

Afrikaans: Eva

From Middle Dutch eva, from Latin Eva, from Ancient Greek Εὔᾱ (Eúā), from Biblical Hebrew חַוָּה.

(biblical) Eve (mythological first woman)


Helena

Ultimately from Latin Helena, from Ancient Greek Ἑλένη (Helénē).

a female given name, a Latinate variant of Heleen (=Helen)


Egge

First attested as op die eygen in 1470. Derived from Middle Dutch eigen (“personally owned land”). The current neighbourhood was named after a home for bachelors that had in turn taken its name from a piece of land.

inh

a neighbourhood of Brunssum, Limburg, Netherlands


Bethlehem

From Latin Bēthlehēmum, Bēthleëm, from Ancient Greek Βηθλεέμ (Bēthleém), from Hebrew בֵּית לֶחֶם (bet léchem, “house of bread”).
The hamlet is first attested as Bethlehem in 1502 and is named after a former monastery, which was named in turn after the city in Palestine.

der

Bethlehem (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)

a hamlet in Het Hogeland, Groningen, Netherlands


Achab

From Middle Dutch achab, from Latin Achab, from Ancient Greek Ἀχαάβ (Akhaáb), from Biblical Hebrew אַחְאָב (ʼAḥʼāḇ, “uncle”).

Ahab (historical king of Israel in Samaria, Biblical figure)


Edom

From Middle Dutch edom, from Biblical Hebrew אֱדוֹם.

Edom (land and region in the southern Levant and northern Arabia)


Miranda

Borrowed from English Miranda, based on Latin miranda.


Sven

Borrowed from Swedish Sven in the 20th century.


Hebreeuws

Afrikaans: Hebreeus

From Middle Dutch Hebreeusc, ultimately from Latin hebraeus, from Ancient Greek Ἑβραῖος (Hebraîos).

Hebrew (Semitic language, official language of Israel)


ARP

Antirevolutionaire Partij
Antirevolutionaire Partij#Dutch

(historical, politics) abbreviation of Antirevolutionaire Partij


Bucht

First attested as Bucht in 1936. Derived from a dialectal variant of bocht, used here in the sense "fenced-in property, enclosed parcel". Compare De Bocht and Buchten.

a neighbourhood of Bergeijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Heiland

Afrikaans: heiland

Negerhollands: heiland

From Middle Dutch heilant, from Old Dutch hēlant, heilant.

(Christianity) Savior (North America), Saviour (Commonwealth)


Kiel

First attested as Friesen Compagnie of Kijl in 1652. Derived from the hydronym Kielsterdiep, which derives in turn from a compound of kiel (“deeper part of a ditch draining a turf extraction area”) and diep (“canal”). Currently part of Kiel-Windeweer.

a former village in Midden-Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


Korn

First attested as den Korne in 1542. Derived from the hydronym Korn.

a hamlet in Altena, North Brabant, Netherlands


Laken

The name is of Germanic origin, from Proto-West Germanic *laku (“stream, lake, pool”) (compare German Lache), referring to the Molenbeek stream.

a Belgian municipality, near Brussels, site of the largest royal palace estate


Weite

First attested as Weite in 1913. Etymology uncertain. The toponym may derive from a hydronym or, alternatively, be a reference to the cultivation of buckwheat (boekweit) near the settlement.

a hamlet in Westerwolde, Groningen, Netherlands


Linde

* (Drenthe) First attested as bij der Lynden in 1543. Derived from linde (“linden, Tilia sp.”).
* (Deventer) First attested as in villa dicta linlo in 1290. Perhaps a compound of Proto-Germanic *hlîn- (“Norway maple, Acer platanoides”) and lo (“light forest”). Compare Lent and Lenthe.
* (Twenterand) First attested as dat nye huis to lynne in 1381-1383. Likely derived from Middle Dutch linde (“linden, Tilia sp.”) (see modern linde).

inh

a village in De Wolden, Drenthe, Netherlands

a hamlet in Deventer, Overijssel, Netherlands

a hamlet in Twenterand, Overijssel, Netherlands


Dante

Attested as Dante and Op-de-Dante in 1936. Etymology unknown. Not derived from Middle Dutch dan (“woodland vale, animal lair”) or Middle Dutch dante (“floozie”).

unk

unknown

cog

a neighbourhood of Ommen, Overijssel, Netherlands


Scheide

First attested as op de Scheij in 1514. Derived from scheide (“watershed, boundary, hill ridge”), itself from the verb scheiden (“to split, separate”).

a hamlet in Venray, Limburg, Netherlands


Schenkel

* (Capelle aan den IJssel) Attested as Schinkel in 1611. Derived from schinkel (“levee connecting two separate levees”).
* (Nissewaard) Derived from schinkel (“levee connecting two separate levees”).

Capelle aan den IJssel
Capelle aan den IJssel#English

a neighbourhood of Capelle aan den IJssel, South Holland, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Nissewaard, South Holland, Netherlands


Sulawesi

Sulawesi (an island of Indonesia, the world's eleventh-largest island)


Nisse

First attested as gebersnisse in 1197-1212. Derived from Old Dutch nisse (“headland, spit”). The oldest attestation includes a personal name Old Dutch Geber.
See also Zealandic Ternisse.

a village and former municipality of Borsele, Zeeland, Netherlands


Petersburg

First attested as Petersburg in 1899. Named after Saint Petersburg in Russia.

a hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Bert

a male given name, equivalent to English Bert


Daphne

Ultimately from Ancient Greek δάφνη (dáphnē, “laurel, bay”), perhaps via French or alternatively English.


Homberg

* (Limburg) Attested as Hogh Bergh in 1803-1820. Derived from a compound of hoog (“high”) and berg (“hill, elevated place”).
* (Gelderland) Attested as de Homberg in 1865. Compound of a dative singular form of hoog (“high”) and berg (“hill, elevated place”).

Horst aan de Maas
Horst aan de Maas#English

a hamlet in Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands

a neighborhood of Wijchen, Gelderland, Netherlands


Sara

From Middle Dutch sara, from Latin Sara, from Ancient Greek Σᾱ́ρᾱ (Sā́rā), from Hebrew שָׂרָה.

Hebrew שָׂרָה


NHG

initialism of Nationale Hypotheek Garantie (“National Mortgage Guarantee”), a Dutch government programme to provide homebuyers with cheaper loans


Johanna

From Middle Dutch Johanna, from Latin Iōhannā, from Ancient Greek Ἰωάννᾱ (Iōánnā), from Hebrew יוֹחָנָה.

Hebrew יוֹחָנָה

a female given name from Latin, masculine equivalent Johannes, equivalent to English Jane


Rotterdam

First attested as rotter dam ter haluer rotte in 1280-1287. From Middle Dutch Rotterdam, a compound of the hydronym Rotte + dam.

Meronyms: Hoek van Holland, Hoogvliet, Pernis, Rozenburg

Rotterdam (a city and municipality of South Holland, Netherlands)


Gondel

a neighbourhood of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands


Judea

From Middle Dutch judea, from Latin Iūdaea, from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαία (Ioudaía), from Biblical Hebrew יְהוּדָה (yehudá).

(historical) Judaea (central-southern region of Roman Palestine)


Krim

Ultimately from Crimean Tatar Qırım, probably via German or a Slavic language; the gender suggests either that the direct source is German or that the word was influenced by a Romance language.

(with definite article) Crimea (a geographic region and peninsula in Eastern Europe, jutting out into the Black Sea; de facto occupied and annexed in 2014 as a republic of Russia, but internationally recognized as an autonomous republic of Ukraine :)


Hanna

desc

→ Chinese: 漢娜 /汉娜 (Hànnà) (transliteration)


Waterloo

[ˈβ̞aːtərˌloː]

[ˈʋaːtərˌloʊ̯]

* (Belgium) From Middle Dutch [Term?], composed of water (“water”) + loo (“light forest, wood”).
* (Utrecht) Named after Waterloo in Belgium in memory of the Battle of Waterloo. The choice of name may have been influenced by nearby Austerlitz.
* (Zeeland) First attested as Waterloo in 1853. Named after Waterloo in Belgium in memory of the Battle of Waterloo.

compound

a village in Walloon Brabant, Belgium; the site of a major military battle in 1815

a hamlet in Leusden, Utrecht, Netherlands


Philippine

First attested as eene ghesloten stadt, die noemende Philippijne in 1505. Named after the city's location in the Philippinepolder, which is named in turn after Philip I of Castile (1478-1506).
See also Zealandic Phelippine, Phelpine.

a city and former municipality of Terneuzen, Zeeland, Netherlands


Elisabeth

From Middle Dutch Elisabeth, from Latin Elisabeth, from Koine Greek Ἐλισάβετ (Elisábet), from Biblical Hebrew אלישבע.

Elisabet (alternative rare)
Elizabet (alternative rare)
Elizabeth (alternative)


Kabel

Attested as Kabel (De) in 1899. Derived from a dialectal form of kavel (“lot, parcel”).

a hamlet in Dijk en Waard, North Holland, Netherlands


Maastricht

→ English: Maastricht

English: Maastricht Formation

English: Maastrichtian

→ French: Maastricht, Maestricht

French: maastrichtien

→ New Latin: maastrichtensis

→ Walloon: Måstraik, Li Trai

First attested as Traiecto in 535. From Middle Dutch maestrecht, from Latin Mosae Traiectum. All forms are derived from the hydronym Maas and tricht (“crossing, ferry”) (derived in turn from Latin traiectus (“crossing”)). The element Maas was added at a later date to distinguish the city from Tricht and Utrecht.
See also Limburgish Mestreech.

Meronyms: Amby, Borgharen, Caberg, Heer, Heugem, Itteren, Limmel, Mariënwaard, Nekum, Sint Pieter, Wolder

Maastricht (a city, municipality, and capital of Limburg, Netherlands)


Australië

nl-proper noun

Australië n (adjective Australisch, demonym Australiër m or Australische f)

Australisch (adjective)
Australiër (demonym masculine)
Australische (demonym feminine)

Australia (a country consisting of a main island, the island of Tasmania and other smaller islands, located in Oceania; historically, a collection of former colonies of the British Empire)

(geology) Australia (a continent consisting of the land on the Australian tectonic plate, i.e. Australia, New Guinea and intervening islands)


Aad

a diminutive of the male given name Adriaan [=Adrian]


Aad

(now less common) a diminutive of the female given name Adriana [=Adrienne]


Aäron

Aaron (alternative)
Aeron (alternative obsolete)
Aron (alternative)

Ultimately from Biblical Hebrew אַהֲרֹן (aharōn).

a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Aaron


Adriaan

a male given name, equivalent to English Adrian


Achmed

a male given name from Arabic, equivalent to English Ahmed


Abdel

a male given name from Arabic, equivalent to English Abdul


Abdoel

From the Arabic عَبْد (ʕabd, “servant [of]”) + ال (al-, “the”), not a complete name in Arabic.


Abdoella

Borrowed from Arabic عَبْدُ ٱللّٰه (ʕabdu llāh).

bor

عَبْدُ ٱللّٰه

a male given name from Arabic, equivalent to English Abdullah


Dijon

Dijon (the capital city of Côte-d'Or department, France)


Aart

a diminutive of the male given name Arnoud [=Arnold]


Adrie

a female given name, derived from Adriënne


Aalderik

Cognate to German Adalrich, which derives from Old High German adal (“noble”) + rihhi (“ruler”).


Adelbert

a male given name of rare usage, variant of Albert, equivalent to English Adelbert


Adelwijn

a male given name, equivalent to English Alwin


Alfons

a male given name, equivalent to English Alfonso


Adelmar

From Proto-West Germanic *Aþalmārī, equivalent to Old Dutch *athal (noble) + māri (“famous”).

a male given name, equivalent to English Aylmer


Albano

First attested as Albano in 1911. Derived from the Italian toponym Albano. Originally the name of a farm which served as a gathering place for Dutchmen who volunteered as Papal Zouaves.

a neighbourhood of Halderberge, North Brabant, Netherlands


Aaldert

Cognate to German Adelhard, which derives from Old High German adal (“noble”) + harti (“ruler”).


Epicurus

From Latin Epicūrus, from Ancient Greek Ἐπίκουρος (Epíkouros).


Santa Cruz

Borrowed from Spanish Santa Cruz (“Holy Cross”).


Breda

From Middle Dutch brêdâ; first attested as brida in 1152. Etymology uncertain. Not a compound of breed (“broad”) and aa (“river, watercourse”).

Meronyms: Achterste Rith, Bavel, Bolberg, Diunt, Effen, Eikberg, Ginneken, IJpelaar, Lies, Lijndonk, Princenhage, Prinsenbeek, Roosberg, Tervoort, Teteringen, Ulvenhout, Vaareind, Verloren Hoek, Vuchtschoot, Westrik

Breda (a city and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Haïti

Probably borrowed from French Haïti, from Taíno hayiti.


Matthias

(biblical) alternative form of Mattias, Matthias, an apostle


Jericho

Jericho (a city in the West Bank, Palestine)


Juda

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἰουδά (Ioudá), from Biblical Hebrew יְהוּדָה.


Juda

(biblical) Judah, Judea (a traditional region and ancient kingdom (c. 930 — 586 BCE) in the Land of Israel in modern Israel and Palestine; the southern Israelite kingdom which continued to be ruled by the Davidic dynasty after Solomon's death and the breakup of the united monarchy, with the northern portion keeping the name Israel)


Jasper

From Spanish Gaspar, from Biblical Hebrew גִּזְבָּר (gizbar), ultimately from Old Median *ganǰabarah. First recorded in 1627, with other spellings Gaspar (1626), Jespaer and Jesper (1628).

a male given name, equivalent to English Caspar


Margreet

a female given name, equivalent to English Margaret


Willis

Derived from a dialectal variant of wildernis (“wilderness”).

a neighbourhood of Zaanstad, North Holland, Netherlands


Kandahar

der

Pashto کندهار

Kandahar (a city and province in southern Afghanistan)


Pim

a diminutive of the male given name Willem [=William]


Timo

a diminutive of the male given name Timotheüs [=Timothy]


Pien

a diminutive of the female given name Josephine


Alpen

Afrikaans: Alpe

→ Indonesian: Alpen

From Middle Dutch alpen; see German Alpen below.

Alps (a mountain range in Western Europe)


Subaru

a male or female given name from Japanese


Aagje

a diminutive of the female given name Agatha


Miep

a diminutive of the female given name Maria [=Mary]


Ienje

From ien, the West Frisian word for "one", whose diminutive would be "ienje" = "small one".


Jonas

From Middle Dutch Jonas, from Latin Iōnās, from Ancient Greek Ἰωνᾶς (Iōnâs), from Biblical Hebrew יוֹנָה.


Nathalie

Borrowed from French Nathalie, from Latin Natalia.


Hubert

From Hubertus, Latinised form of Hubrecht.


BBB

(Dutch politics) initialism of BoerBurgerBeweging (“Farmer–Citizen Movement”)


Kerstmis

Afrikaans: Kersmis

Negerhollands: Christmes

From Middle Dutch Kersmisse. Equivalent to Kerst (“Christ”) + mis (“mass”).


verlichting

(history, philosophy, definite article) the Enlightenment


Leeuwenhoek

a neighborhood of Leiden, South Holland, Netherlands


Franco

a male given name from Italian or Spanish, equivalent to English Frank or Francis.

notably refers to Francisco Franco, the long-ruling right-wing 20th century Spanish caudillo since the Spanish Civil War (from 1939 to 1975)


Cornelia

From Middle Dutch cornelia, from Latin Cornelia. The feminine equivalent of Cornelis.


Confucius

Borrowed from Latin Confucius, from Mandarin 孔夫子 (Kǒng Fūzǐ, “Master Kong”).


Joachim

a male given name, equivalent to English Joachim


Byzantium

Borrowed from Latin Bȳzantium, from Ancient Greek Βῡζᾰ́ντῐον (Būzắntĭon).

(historical) Byzantium (an ancient Greek city situated on the Bosporus in modern Turkey, renamed Constantinople in 330 C.E.; modern Istanbul)


Mariëlle

a diminutive of the female given name Marie


Golgotha

/ˈɣɔl.ɣoːˌtaː/

Borrowed from Latin Golgotha, from Ancient Greek Γολγοθᾶ (Golgothâ), from Aramaic גּלגּלת.

Aramaic גּלגּלת


112, the pan-European emergency phone number


Genua

Genoa (the capital city of Liguria, Italy)

Genoa (a metropolitan city of Liguria, Italy)


Berlijn

Perhaps borrowed from German Berlin. Insofar as the name has undergone diphthongisation it must be of some age; hence possibly inherited from Middle Dutch [Term?], from Middle Low German [Term?]. The city was of relevance since circa 1250.

Berlin (the capital and largest city of Germany)

Berlin (a state of Germany, containing the capital city)

a settlement and former plantation in Para, Suriname


Wouder

a male given name, equivalent to English Walter


Hartman

English: Hartman


Bornholm

Borrowed from Danish Bornholm. Named after a former farmhouse which was named in turn after the Danish island.

a neighbourhood of Haarlemmermeer, North Holland, Netherlands


Constantijn

a male given name from Latin, equivalent to English Constantine


Christiaan

Ultimately from Latin Chrīstiānus, from Ancient Greek Χρῑστιᾱνός (Khrīstiānós).

a male given name, equivalent to English Christian


Jutland

Jutland (a cultural region and peninsula in northwestern Europe, consisting of the mainland part of Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein, which is part of Germany)


Pasen

Afrikaans: Pase

Negerhollands: paes, pascha, paska

→ Virgin Islands Creole: paska (dated)

From Middle Dutch paschen, paesschen, the plural of pasch, paesch, from Latin pascha, from Ancient Greek πάσχα (páskha, “Passover”), from Aramaic פסחא (paskha), from Hebrew פסח (pésakh). The word was spread in the West and North Germanic languages from the diocese of Cologne, where it still lingers in the compound Central Franconian Pooschdaach (“Easter Sunday”). Compare Old Saxon pāscha, Old Norse páskar.

cog

Easter, the major Christian feast commemorating the Resurrection of Christ

als Pasen en Pinksteren op een dag vallen


Pinksteren

Negerhollands: pinstu

→ Lokono: Pinkstdaka

→ English: Pinkster

→ Papiamentu: pinkster (dated)

From Middle Dutch pinxteren, from pinxter, ultimately from Latin pentecoste, from Ancient Greek πεντηκοστή (pentēkostḗ).


Anton

From Latin Antonius. Cognate to English Anthony.


Nedersaksisch

From Nedersaksen + -isch or neder + Saksisch.

2005, Henk Bloemhoff, Taaltelling Nedersaksisch: Een enquête naar het gebruik en de beheersing van het Nedersaksisch in Nederland, Groningen: Sasland, page 9

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Zoals gebruikelijk is, wordt de aanduiding Nedersaksisch hier gehanteerd als overkoepelende term voor het Gronings, Drents, Stellingwerfs, Sallands, West-Overijssels, Twents, Achterhoeks en Veluws. Het aangrenzende Nedersaksisch sprekende gebied in Duitsland werd niet in het onderzoek betrokken.

2018, Mathilde Jansen, Nicoline van der Sijs, Fieke Van der Gucht, Johan De Caluwe, Atlas van de Nederlandse taal: Editie Nederland, Lannoo (publisher), page 135

Low Saxon extends over a large part of the Netherlands and Germany.

Het Nedersaksisch strekt zich uit over een groot deel van Nederland en Duitsland.


Nederduits

Hoogduits

antonym(s) of “Low German (language group)”

→ English: Netherdutch (calque)

Nederduitsch (alternative obsolete)
Nederduytsch (alternative obsolete)
Neder-duytsch (alternative obsolete)

the Low German or Low Saxon language, now in general usage often restricted to German Low German

Tot het Nederduitsch behooren mede het Oudsaksisch, het Angelsaksisch, het Nederfrankisch en het Friesch.

1882, Nederlandsche spraakleer door D. de Groot, 4th edition, page 7:

Het Nederduits wordt wel verdeeld in Nederfrankisch en Saksisch (op Duits gebied gewoonlijk Nederduits genoemd).
In ons land werd door de Westgermaanse volksstammen het Nederduits (Nederfrankisch en Saksisch) en het Fries gesproken.

1968, Dr. E. Rijpma en Dr. F. G. Schuringa: Nederlandse spraakkunst: Bewerkt door Dr. Jan van Bakel: Eenentwintigste druk, page 19 & 24

(obsolete) Any continental West Germanic language that is neither High German nor Frisian, thus including Dutch as well as Low German.


Leeuwarden

First attested as liunuuero and liunuert in 1038-1057. Compound of an unclear first element and Old Frisian ward (“artificial mound used for habitation”). The first element has been variously interpreted as a personal name, a derivation from Proto-Germanic *hleunjô- (“lee, refuge”) and a term cognate to Gothic *𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (*hlains, “hill”). Compare Liezele and Lünern.
See also West Frisian Ljouwert.

cog

Meronyms: Abbengawier, Aegum, Angwier, Baard, Baardburen, Beers, Britsum, Cornjum, De Drie Romers, De Groote Bontekoe, De Hem, Domwier, Finkum, Fons, Friens, Gotum, Goutum, Grouw, Hempens, Hezens, Hijlaard, Hijum, Horne, Hoek, Hofland, Hoptille, Huins, Idaard, Irnsum, Jellum, Jelsum, Jorwerd, Lekkum, Lions, Mantgum, Marwird, Midsburen, Miedum, Naarderburen, Noordend, Oosterlittens, Oude Leije, Poelhuizen, Rewerd, Roordahuizum, Schillaard, Schrins, Snakkerburen, Stiens, Swichum, Teerns, Tichelwerk, Tjaard, Tjeintgum, Truurd, Tsienzerburen, Vensterburen, Vierhuis, Wammerd, Warstiens, Wartena, Warga, Weidum, Wiel, Wieuwens, Wijtgaard, Wirdum, Zuiderburen, Zuiderend

Leeuwarden (a city, municipality, and capital of Friesland, Netherlands)


Cornelis

From older Cornelius, from Latin Cornēlius.

a male given name, equivalent to English Cornelius


Maarten

Ultimately from Latin Mārtīnus, from Mārs + -īnus.

a male given name, equivalent to English Martin


Randstad

Compound of rand (“rim, edge”) + stad (“city”).

Randstad (a region and conurbation in the Netherlands)


Groene Hart

the Green Heart (a region, the non-urban area of the Netherlands that is surrounded by the Randstad)


VOC

Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie
Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie#Dutch

(historical) initialism of Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (“Dutch East India Company”)


Jezus

Negerhollands: Jesus

→ Caribbean Javanese: Yésus

a male given name from Hebrew of Hebrew origin.


Mozes

Negerhollands: Moses


Petraeus

From Pieters, meaning Pieter's (Peter's) son.


Lissabon

Ultimately from Arabic لِشْبُونَة (lišbūna), from Latin Olisipo, further etymology uncertain.


Hell

First attested as in hello in the middle of the twelfth century. Presumably a compound of Middle Dutch helle (“lowland, marshy area”) and lo (“light forest on sandy soil”). An alternative interpretation reads the toponym as a compound of Middle Dutch hel (“bright, clear”) and lo (“pool”). Compare Helhuizen, Helwerd, Holwerd and Hulhuizen.

inh

a hamlet in Putten, Gelderland, Netherlands


Kuiper

English: Kuiper

English: Kuiper belt

a surname, Kuiper, originating as an occupation, derived from kuiper (“cooper”)


Ibiza

Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands#English

Mediterranean Sea
Mediterranean Sea#English

Ibiza (island in the Balearic Islands of Spain, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Feest van de Arbeid

Labor Day (on the first of May). Literally, “Festival of Labor”.


Haag

haag

Potentially attested as hage in 1292, attested with certainty as Haag in 1899. Derived from haag (“fence, enclosed area”).

a hamlet in Venray, Limburg, Netherlands


Carmen

Ultimately from Spanish Carmen, from Carmelo, ultimately from Hebrew כַּרְמֶל.

der

Hebrew כַּרְמֶל


Ruben

Ultimately from Biblical Hebrew רְאוּבֵן (r'uvén).

Reuben (Biblical/mythical character; Biblical tribe)


Jehova

Jehovah (name for God derived from vocalisation of the Tetragrammaton)


Henoch

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἑνώχ (Henṓkh), from Hebrew חֲנוֹךְ.

Hebrew חֲנוֹךְ


Karel

a male given name, equivalent to English Charles


Sanaa

Sanaa (the capital and largest city of Yemen)


Carmel

Named after a former Carmelite monastery chapel, which in turn was named after Hebrew כַּרְמֶל (karmél, “fertile land”).

bor

a neighbourhood of Hulst, Zeeland, Netherlands


Linie

Derived from linie (“military line”). The neighbourhood is named after a former defensive line.


Koks

First attested as Koks in 1794. Derived from Cox (a surname). Named after a family that was resident near the current site of the hamlet.

a hamlet in Gemert-Bakel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Numeri

From Middle Dutch numeri, from Latin Numerī.


Pyramide

Attested as Piramide in 1838-1857. Derived from piramide (“pyramid”). Possibly named after a house with a pyramid-shaped roof.
See also Zealandic Pieremie.


Lula

First attested as in de Lula in 1706. Derived from Old Frisian Lula (a surname).

a hamlet in Midden-Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


Westfalen

Westphalia (a region in northwestern Germany)


Assel

First attested as hasle in 814-815. Etymology uncertain. Possible etymologies include a compound derived from Proto-Germanic *hasi- (“brushwood”) and lo (“light forest”) or a derivation from hazel (“common hazel, Corylus avellana”). A third etymology proposes that the initial H- in the earliest attestations is an insertion and that the toponym may actually derive from as (“European ash, Fraxinus excelsior”). Compare Asselt, Nederasselt and Overasselt.

a hamlet in Apeldoorn, Gelderland, Netherlands


Warschau

→ Afrikaans: Warschau


Krakau

Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Lesser Poland Voivodeship#English

Krakow (a city on the Vistula River, the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland and the former capital (until 1596) of Poland as a whole)


München

Munich (the capital and largest city of Bavaria, Germany)


Hessen

From Middle Dutch hessen, from Middle High German Hessen (“Hesse”) (see modern German Hesse).


Desiree

Variant of Désirée with nativised spelling.

Voetbalster Desiree van Lunteren begint aan haar eerste buitenlandse avontuur.

2018 June 18, “Ajacied Desiree van Lunteren naar SC Freiburg”, in Het Parool:

Footballer Desiree van Lunteren starts her first adventure abroad.


Eveline

a female given name from the Germanic languages


Juliana

Borrowed from Latin Iūliāna, feminine form of Iūliānus.


Curaçao

From Spanish Curaçao, from Portuguese Curação, probably as a transcription of a Lokono endonym but sometimes folk-etymologized as derived from Portuguese Ilha da Curação (“Isle of Healing”) from curação (“cure, healing”) in reference to the island's use as a place of recovery for sailors sick with scurvy and other ailments or from modification of coração (“heart”) in reference to its supposed importance in local trade.

Curaçao (an island and constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the southern part of the Caribbean Sea off the west coast of Venezuela)


de Klerk

English: de Klerk

Afrikaans: de Klerk

de Klerk (“a surname originating as an occupation derived from klerk.”)


Lenstra

Short for "Molenstraat" ("windmill street"), compound of molen and straat.


Fins

From Fin + -s, likely influenced by another Germanic language such as German or Swedish.


Deens

From Middle Dutch deensch. Equivalent to Deen + -s.


Tsjechisch

From German Tschechisch. By surface analysis, Tsjech + -isch.


KLM

(aviation) initialism of Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij (“Royal Dutch Airlines”, literally “Royal Aviation Company”)


Monique

Borrowed from French Monique, from Latin Monica, probably from Punic, though Latin and Ancient Greek etymologies have also been proposed.


Nadine

Borrowed from French Nadine, diminutive of Nadia, from Russian На́дя (Nádja), pet form (diminutive) of Наде́жда (Nadéžda).


Nadia

Borrowed from French Nadia, from Russian На́дя (Nádja), pet form of Наде́жда (Nadéžda, “Hope”), from наде́жда (nadéžda, “hope”).


Ollie

a diminutive of the male given name Oliver

a diminutive of the male given name Olivier


Brouwer

Intuitionism is a creation of the Dutch mathematician, philosopher, poet and man of wisdom L.E.J. Brouwer (1881-1966).


de Vries

English: de Vries

Literally, “the (West) Frisian”, from the obsolete spelling Vries of Fries.


Armando

a male given name, borrowed from Italian


Bonaire

Uncertain. According to one hypothesis, the toponym derives from the Caquetio word bonay ("low country"). A derivation from Spanish buen (“good”) and aire (“air”) is less likely.

Bonaire (an island, dependent territory, and special municipality of the Netherlands in the Caribbean, off the west coast of Venezuela)


paradijs

From Middle Dutch paradijs, from Old Dutch paradīs, borrowed from Latin paradīsus, from Ancient Greek παράδεισος (parádeisos), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *paridayjah.


Westerland

First attested as westenlande and westelant in 1343-1344. Compound of Middle Dutch wester (“western, west-”) and land (“land”). The toponym contrasts with Oosterland.

a village in Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands


Kreta

Crete (Greek island in the Mediterranean Sea)


Donau

Borrowed from German Donau. The Middle Dutch name was denouwe.

Danube (a river in Europe; flowing 2850 kilometers from the confluence of the Breg and Brigach at Donaueschingen, Germany, into the Black Sea in Romania)


Allerheiligen

Univerbation of aller heiligen (“All Saints', of all saints”), calque of Latin omnium sanctorum, in festum omnium sanctorum (“feast of all saints”).

All Saints Day, All Hallows, Hallowmas (November, 1st)


Tempel

* (hamlet) Attested as Tempel in 1518. Derived from Middle Dutch timpe (“protruding extremity, triangular piece of land”).
* (former municipality) Named after a former fiefdom, the name of which derives in turn from Middle Dutch timpe (“protruding extremity, triangular piece of land”).

inh

a hamlet in Bodegraven-Reeuwijk, South Holland, Netherlands

a former municipality of South Holland, Netherlands


Maren

Potentially attested as marsna in 997, attested with certainty as marne in 1202. Derived from Old Dutch mare (“body of water, pool, watercourse”), from Proto-West Germanic *mari.

a former village and former municipality of Oss, North Brabant, Netherlands


Sumer

Sumer (a historical region occupied by the earliest known ancient civilization of the ancient Near East (4th to 3rd millennia BC), located in lower Mesopotamia in modern southern Iraq)


Margret

Attested as Margeriet in 1838-1857. Derived from a contraction of Margaretha. Compare Griete and Magrette.


Moab

From Middle Dutch moab, from Old Dutch moab, from Latin Mōab, from Ancient Greek Μωάβ (Mōáb), from Biblical Hebrew מוֹאָב.

(historical) Moab (people and land in modern-day Jordan)


Rie

a diminutive of the female given name Marie


Kapelle

First attested as infra parochiam de Capella in 1248. Derived from Middle Dutch capelle (“chapel”), whence Dutch kapel.

Meronyms: Biezelinge, Dijkwel, Eversdijk, Schore, Wemeldinge

a village and municipality of Zeeland, Netherlands


Jannie

a diminutive of the female given name Johanna


Biest

First attested as Biest in 1838-1857. Derived from bies (“rush, Scirpus sp.”) with collectivising suffix -t. The toponym may also refer to the practice of using relatively open locations covered with rushes as meeting places and village squares.
See also Limburgish Beest.

a neighbourhood of Weert, Limburg, Netherlands


Laurens

a male given name, equivalent to English Laurence or Lawrence


Frederik

Afrikaans: Frederik

a male given name, equivalent to English Frederick


Christa

Probably borrowed from German Christa, where it is a shortening of Christina and Christiane.


Sanne

a diminutive of the female given name Susanne


Sanne

a male given name, via Frisian, sometimes a diminutive of Sander, Alexander or from Old Norse sannr (“true”)


Koenraad

Inherited from Middle Dutch Coenraet, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *Kōnirād, equivalent to koen (“courageous”) + raad (“counsel”)

a male given name, equivalent to English Conrad


Jette

a Belgian municipality, at the north side of Brussels


Mekka

Mecca (a large city in the Hejaz, Saudi Arabia, the holiest place in Islam)


Heino

First attested as heyna in 1245. Etymology unknown.

unk

unknown

a village and former municipality of Raalte, Overijssel, Netherlands


Petronella

From Middle Dutch [Term?], from Latin Petronella.

Petronel (alternative)
Petronilla (alternative)


Hendrik

From Middle Dutch Hendric, Henric, from Old Dutch *Hēmrīk, *Heimrīk, from Proto-West Germanic *Haimarīk, from Proto-Germanic *Haimarīks. Cognates include English Henry, French Henri, German Heinrich, Danish Henrik.

Altijd kies ik voor de veilige weg. Mijn specialiteit: het sparen van kool én geit. Mijn ouders hadden een vooruitziende blik toen ze mĳ Hendrik noemden: veel braver zul je ze niet snel tegenkomen. 'Kent gij Hendrik niet, die altijd zoo beleefd zijnen hoed afneemt als hij voorbij gaat?' Dat ben ik.

2014, Hendrik Groen, Pogingen iets van het leven te maken, Meulenhoff Boekerij B.V., →ISBN:

I always choose the safe option. My specialty: saving both the cabbage and the goat. My parents were prescient when they named me Hendrik: you won't find many as well-behaved. "Don't you know Hendrik, who always so politely takes off his hat in passing?" That's me.

a male given name from the Germanic languages, equivalent to English Henry


Plantage

* (Gelderland) Attested as De Plantage in 1899. Named after a house, the name of which in turn derives from plantage (“plantation”).
* (Noord-Holland) Derived from plantage (“plantation”). The area was formerly occupied by various gardens.
* (Zuid-Holland) Derived from plantage (“plantation”).

a hamlet in Doetinchem, Gelderland, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Voorne aan Zee, South Holland, Netherlands


Mattias

Ultimately from Matthiās, from Koine Greek Ματθίας (Matthías) &c., from Hebrew מַתִּתְיָהוּ (Mattiṯyāhū), from מַתָּנַת (“gift, reward”) + יהוה (“YHWH, God”). Doublet of Matthijs and Matteüs. Compare French Matthieu and Matthias.

der

מַתִּתְיָהוּ

Hebrew מַתִּתְיָהוּ (Mattiṯyāhū)


Lotte

a diminutive of the female given name Charlotte


Nicolaas

a male given name, equivalent to English Nicholas


Rudolf

From German Rudolf. Equivalent to native Dutch Roelof.

a male given name, equivalent to English Rudolph


Adelheid

From adel + -heid, literally “nobleness”.


Paulus

From Middle Dutch Paulus, from Latin Paulus.

a male given name, now rare in this form.


Elzas

Borrowed from German Elsass. Replaced Elzaten.

De Elzas is afwisselend Duits en Frans geweest, onder uiteenlopende bewindsvormen

The Alsace was alternately German and French, under various regimes

Alsace (a cultural region, former administrative region and historical province of France; since 2016, part of the administrative region of Grand Est)

the name of several feudal and other historical jurisdictions, and part of some more


Amer

Likely etymologically identical to Eem. See also Amersfoort.

a river in the province of North Brabant, the Netherlands; it flows into the Hollands Diep and is the continuation of the Bergsche Maas


Mokum

Borrowed from Yiddish מקום (mokem, “place, safe haven”), from Hebrew מקום (makóm, “place”).

bor

(informal) the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands


Helle

* (Beekdaelen) First attested as Helle in 1803-1820. Derived from either helle (“lowland, marshland”) or a deformation of *helde (“slope, incline”). See also Limburgish G'n Hèl.
* (Gulpen-Wittem) First attested as Hölle in 1803-1820. Likely derived from helle (“lowland, marshland”). A derivation from *helde (“slope, incline”) is less likely when the oldest attestation of the toponym is taken into account.

a hamlet in Beekdaelen, Limburg, Netherlands

a hamlet in Gulpen-Wittem, Limburg, Netherlands


Gouda

First attested as golda in 1143. Derived from the hydronym Gouwe, derived in turn from a compound of Old Dutch gold (“gold”) and ā (“watercourse, river”).

Meronym: Stolwijkersluis

Gouda (a city and municipality of South Holland, Netherlands)


Sion

From Ecclesiastical Latin Sīōn, from Koine Greek Σῑών (Sīṓn), from Biblical Hebrew צִיּוֹן (ṣiyyôn). Named after a former monastery.

a hamlet in Rijswijk, South Holland, Netherlands


Gert

Shortening of Gerard, from Middle Dutch gerart, from older gerhart.


Robben

Spelling variant of Robbe; both are shortened from Robert.


interbellum

Borrowed from English interbellum, from Latin inter bellum.

the interbellum between World War I and World War II


Dagmar

Borrowed from Danish Dagmar, from Proto-Slavic; cognate with Slovak Drahomíra.


Astrid

Borrowed from modern Scandinavian (Swedish, Norwegian, Danish) Astrid.


Beatrix

a female given name from Latin, equivalent to English Beatrice


Horst

* (Limburg) First attested as horst in 1275. Derived from Middle Dutch horst (“overgrown elevated place”).
* (Gelderland) First attested as horsterbosch around 1450. Derived from horst (“overgrown elevated place”).
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as Horst in 1697. Derived from horst (“overgrown elevated place”).
* (Flevoland) Derived from horst (“overgrown elevated place”).
The surname derives from one of the senses of horst or from one of the toponyms.

inh

a village and former municipality of Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands

a hamlet in Ermelo, Gelderland, Netherlands

a hamlet in Gilze en Rijen, North Brabant, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands


Ingrid

Borrowed from modern Scandinavian (Swedish, Norwegian, Danish) Ingrid.


Dinkel

A river in the province of Overijssel, Netherlands, originating in Germany.


Sabine

a female given name, popular in the latter half of the twentieth century


Pia

Borrowed from Latin pia (“pious, dutiful”), feminine of pius.


Oost-Timor

Compound of oost (“eastern”) + Timor (“Timor”).

com+

Oost-Timor was lang een Portugese kolonie en werd dan door grote buur Indonesië bezet en zelfs aangehecht tot het uiteindelijk onafhankelijk werd

East Timor was for long a Portuguese colony, next got occupied and even annexed by giant neighbour Indonesia until it finally achieved independence

East Timor (a country in Southeast Asia occupying half the island of Timor)


Kongo-Brazzaville

Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo#English

Congo-Brazzaville (synonym of the Republic of the Congo: a country in Central Africa, the smaller of the two countries named Congo)


Lodewijk

/ˈloːdəˌʋɛi̯k/

From Middle Dutch Lodewijc, from Frankish *Hlōdowig, from *hlūd (“famous”) + *wīg (“warrior”). Cognate with German Ludwig, which see for some more information.

a male given name, equivalent to English Louis, Lewis, or Ludwig


tempo doeloe

Borrowed from Malay or Indonesian tempo dulu (“the past, the olden days”).

bor

(Netherlands) the period of the Dutch East Indies, the period of Dutch colonisation in Indonesia, in particular as a nostalgic construct in personal, familial or social history; even more specifically, the time between 1870 and the beginning of the First World War around 1914


Septuaginta

Septuagint (ancient translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek)


Oltenië

Oltenia (a historical region of Romania)


Zoroaster

Ultimately from Latin Zōroastrēs, from Ancient Greek Ζωροάστρης (Zōroástrēs), from Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬎𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬀 (zaraθuštra).


Goede Vrijdag

Negerhollands: goeie fridag


Hilarius

From Middle Dutch hilarius, from Latin Hilarius, from Ancient Greek ἱλᾰρός (hilărós).


Engelbert

First attested as egniberde and eginberde in 1323. Compound of Old Frisian Egge (a personal name) and bert (“settlement”).

a village in Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


Engelbert

From Middle Dutch *Enghelbert, from Old Dutch *Engilberht. Equivalent to engel (“angel, Angle”) + Brecht (“bright - now only found as personal name”)


Peters

Peterse (alternative)
Petersen (alternative)
Petersse (alternative)
Peterssen (alternative)
Petersz (alternative)
Peeters (alternative)
Peeterse (alternative)
Peetersen (alternative)
Peetersse (alternative)
Peeterssen (alternative)
Peetersz (alternative)


Franken

English: Franken

a surname transferred from the given name


republiek

Afrikaans: republiek

→ Indonesian: republik

→ Papiamentu: republiek (dated)

→ Peranakan Indonesian: republiek

→ Sranan Tongo: republiek

Borrowed from French république, from Latin rēspūblica or rēs pūblica.

republicq (alternative obsolete)
republijk (alternative obsolete)
republiq (alternative obsolete)
republique (alternative obsolete)
republyk (alternative obsolete)

Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden#Dutch

(Netherlands, historical, often capitalised) ellipsis of Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden (“Dutch Republic”) (a predecessor state of the present-day Netherlands that existed from 1579 to 1795)

Kiers: Hoe werd de Republiek eigenlijk in die periode door de Nederlanders beschouwd, die toen vrij waren?
Fabricius: Die werd niet au sérieux genomen in het begin. Men vond het een grappige vertoning, men dacht dat, als zo meteen – ‘wacht maar, als straks de troepen komen, dan wordt er een eind aan gemaakt’ – dat was de algemene opinie van de mensen.

1976, 01:44:24 from the start, in Roelof Kiers, director, Indonesia Merdeka, spoken by Roelof Kiers and Johan Fabricius, via VPRO, retrieved 2024-07-26:

Kiers: Actually, how was the Republic of Indonesia perceived by the Dutch who were not imprisoned at that point in time?
Fabricius: It was not taken seriously at first. People thought it was a comical charade, people thought that, when soon – ‘just wait, when the troops will arrive shortly, they'll put an end to it’ – that was the common opinion of the people.

Republiek Indonesië
Republiek Indonesië#Dutch

Republic of Indonesia
Republic of Indonesia

Dutch East Indies
Dutch East Indies#English

(Netherlands, Indonesia, dated, often capitalised) ellipsis of Republiek Indonesië (“Republic of Indonesia”) (an independent state proclaimed in 1945 as the successor to the former Dutch East Indies)


Gideon

Ultimately from Biblical Hebrew גִּדְעוֹן (“smasher, feller”), perhaps influenced by Latin Gedeon, from Ancient Greek Γεδεων (Gedeōn).


Lia

a diminutive of the female given name Cornelia


Petrus

Negerhollands: Pitrus, Petrus

From Middle Dutch Petrus, from Latin Petrus, from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros), from πέτρος (pétros, “rock, stone”), as a name a loan translation of Aramaic כֵּיפָא (“stone, rock; Peter, Cephas”).

(biblical) Simon Peter, Cephas (Biblical character, early Christian leader)

a male given name, now rare outside baptismal names.


Eduard

a male given name, equivalent to English Edward


Welten

First attested as in waltine around 1065. Etymology unknown. Not derived from a hypothetical Latin *Waltonia villa.
See also Limburgish Welte.

unk

unknown

a neighbourhood of Heerlen, Limburg, Netherlands


Kerst

From Middle Dutch Kerst, from Latin Christus (“Christ”).


Baskenland

Compound of Bask (“Basque”) + -en- + land (“country”).

com

Basque Country
Basque Country#English:_Q47588

Basque Country (a cultural region that straddles the border of Spain and France, where the Basque language is traditionally spoken)

Basque Country
Basque Country#English:_Q3995

autonomous community
autonomous community

Basque Country (an autonomous community in northern Spain)


Nieuw-Zuid-Wales

New South Wales
New South Wales#English:_Q3224

New South Wales (a state of Australia, located in the southeastern part of the continent; a former British colony from 1788 to 1901)


Mirjam

a female given name, also spelled Miriam


Tasmanië

Tasmania (an island group and state of Australia; a former British colony, from 1856 to 1901)


Duisburg

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia#English

Duisburg (a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany)


Jochem

a male given name, shortened form of Joachim


Leiden

locally; traditional, now sometimes affected

From Middle Dutch Leiden, older Leithen, originally the name of the village now called Leiderdorp, then transferred to the younger nearby settlement. Formerly hypothesized to be from Middle Dutch lēde (“dyke, drainage channel”), but this is derived from the past stem *lid- of Proto-Germanic *līþaną (“to pass through”), thus requiring an original -d-, not -þ- (see Grammatischer Wechsel). The early ei-spelling also speaks against this derivation. Instead probably from a Frankish *Lagiþon, from Proto-Germanic *laguz (“water”) + the placename suffix *-iþi.
The usual latinisation Lugdunum was taken from the name of a defunct historical settlement north of Katwijk, which was erroneously identified with Leiden. There is in all likelihood no relation between the two names.

der

Leiden (a city and municipality of South Holland, Netherlands)

Grammatischer Wechsel
Nicoline van der Sijs
nl:Leiden


Natasja

Borrowed from Russian Ната́ша (Natáša), ultimately from Latin Natalia.

Natacha (alternative rare)
Natasha (alternative rare)
Natascha (alternative)


Mesopotamië

(historical) Mesopotamia (a geographic region in southwest Asia, spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris, located in modern Iraq, eastern Syria, and southeast Turkey; the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man)

(historical) Mesopotamia (a former province of the Roman Empire, existing from 116 to 117 AD and again from 198 to 637 AD)


VN

From Verenigde (“United”) Naties f pl (“Nations”).


Occitaans

Occitan, a Romance language, at home in and eponymous of Languedoc


Odyssee

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ὀδύσσεια (Odússeia), the poem about Ὀδυσσεύς (Odusseús), its main protagonist.


Schots-Gaelisch

From Schots (“Scottish”) + Gaelisch (“Gaelic”).

com

Scottish Gaelic (the Gaelic language of Scotland)


Oceanië

Oceania (a continent or continental region composed of Australia, New Zealand and the islands of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia)


Noors

From earlier Noords / Noordsch, equivalent to Noor + -s.

Noords (alternative obsolete)
Noordsch (alternative obsolete)
Noorsch (alternative obsolete)


Romeinse Rijk

Roman Empire
Roman Empire#English:_Q2277

(historical) Roman Empire (an ancient empire based out of the city of Rome, covering vast territories in Europe, Asia and Africa)


Falklandeilanden

Falkland Islands
Falkland Islands#English:_Q9648

Falkland Islands (an archipelago and overseas territory of the United Kingdom, located in the South Atlantic)


Jaap

→ West Frisian: Jappe

⇒ West Frisian: Japik (diminutive)

Jeep (alternative)
Jap (alternative)
Jop (alternative)

(Netherlands) a diminutive of the male given name Jacob


Bep

a diminutive of the female given name Elizabeth


Truus

a diminutive of the female given name Geertruida


Dirkje

a female given name, masculine equivalent Dirk


Willem

Afrikaans: Willem

→ Japanese: ウィレム (Wiremu)

→ Korean: 빌럼 (Billeom)

→ Toba Batak: ᯅᯪᯞ᯲ᯞᯩᯔ᯲ (Billem)

From Middle Dutch Willem, from Old Dutch *Willihelm, from Proto-Germanic *Wiljahelmaz.

a male given name from Proto-Germanic, equivalent to English William


Indisch

(linguistics) Indic; the Indo-Aryan language family


Michaël

From Vulgate Latin Michaēl, Michahēl, from Biblical Hebrew מִיכָאֵל (mîḵāʾēl, literally “who is like God?”).

der

a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Michael


Xanten

Borrowed from German Xanten, from Latin sanctōs.

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia

Xanten, a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, near the Rhine


Jesaja

Afrikaans: Jesaja

→ Indonesian: Yesaya

From older Esaias, from Latin Ēsāiās or Ancient Greek Ἠσαΐας (Ēsaḯas), from Biblical Hebrew יְשַׁעְיָהוּ. The later addition of the initial J was influenced by the original Hebrew name.

יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Esaias (alternative obsolete)
Iesaia (alternative obsolete)
Iesaias (alternative obsolete)
Iesaie (alternative obsolete)

(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) Isaiah (Israelite prophet, Biblical figure)

(Judaism, Christianity) Isaiah (book of the Hebrew Bible)


Jeremia

→ Indonesian: Yeremia

From Middle Dutch jeremias, from Latin Jeremias, from Ancient Greek Ἰερεμίας (Ieremías), from Biblical Hebrew יִרְמְיָה.

(Judaism, Christianity) Jeremiah (Biblical character, Judahite prophet)

(Judaism, Christianity) Jeremiah (book of the Hebrew Bible)


BRD

Bondsrepubliek Duitsland
Bondsrepubliek Duitsland#Dutch

initialism of Bondsrepubliek Duitsland (“Federal Republic of Germany”), FRG


Pandora

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πανδώρα (Pandṓra).


Methoni

Methoni (a town in Messinia prefecture, in southwestern Greece)

Methoni (a town in Pieria prefecture, in north-central Greece)


Joël

Joel, the Biblical prophet (and eponymous Bible book)

a male given name, equivalent to English Joel


Tsjechië

nl-proper noun

Tsjechië n (adjective Tsjechisch, demonym Tsjech m or Tsjechische f)

Tsjechisch (adjective)
Tsjech (demonym masculine)
Tsjechische (demonym feminine)

desc

Afrikaans: Tsjeggië, Tsjeggiese Republiek.

Czech Republic, Czechia (a country in Central Europe)


Athene

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀθήνη (Athḗnē) and Ἀθῆναι (Athênai).

Athena (ancient Greek goddess of wisdom, craft and war)


Venetiaans

Venetan, the Romance language spoken in and around Venice


Boedapest

Ultimately derived from Hungarian Budapest.


Assepoester

From earlier assepoester, from as (“ash”) + -e- + poetsen (“to brush, to clean”) + -ster (feminine agent suffix), so literally “female ash duster”, with loss of -t- before s.

af

Cinderella (fairy tale and fairy tale character)


Zwarte Zee

the Black Sea, an inland sea between southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and Asia Minor


Sanskriet

Probably borrowed from a European language, ultimately from Sanskrit संस्कृत (saṃskṛta).


Grote Oceaan

Pacific Ocean (the world's largest body of water)


Stille Oceaan

the Pacific Ocean (the world's largest body of water)


Atlantische Oceaan

Atlantic Ocean (the ocean lying between the Americas to the west and Europe and Africa to the east)


Indische Oceaan

Indian Ocean (the ocean separating Africa, southern Asia, Oceania and Antarctica)


Honda

Borrowed from Japanese 本田 (Honda) or Japanese ホンダ (Honda).

a brand of car manufactured by Honda, or a car of this brand


Anne-Marie

a female given name, combination of Anne and Marie


Tsjechische Republiek

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


Sardinië

Sardinia (an island and autonomous region of Italy, in the Mediterranean Sea)


Manon

Borrowed from French Manon, pet form of Marie.


Hawaï

Ultimately from Hawaiian Hawaiʻi, from Hawaiki, from Proto-Nuclear Polynesian *Sawaiki.

Hawaii (an insular state of the United States, formerly a territory)


IJ

→ English: IJ


Marleen

Marlena (alternative)
Marlene (alternative)


Zwaag

The village is first attested as svaech around 1312. The toponym derives from Middle Dutch swaech (“cattle pasture”).
From Middle Dutch swaech (“pasture”), from Old Frisian swāg (“pasture”). Cognate with Old High German sweiga (“pasture”). From a word originally indicating a fence (around a pasture). Compare Old Norse sveigr (“supple branch, headkerchief”), from a root meaning to twist or bend.

cog

a village and former municipality of Hoorn, North Holland, Netherlands

In dit gewest liggen b. v. de dorpen Korte-Zwaag, Lange-Zwaag, Zwaag-Westeinde, Snikzwaag, Hornster-Zwaag, Kollumer-Zwaag en Beetster-Zwaag of Beetsterzwaag. Dit laatste dorp wordt in Friesland gewoonlijk de Zwaag of de Sweach, ...

1883, G Fuldauer, De Navorscher: Een middel tot gedachtenwisseling en letterkundig verkeer tuschen allen, die iets weten, iets te vragen hebben of iets kunnen oplossen, page 279:

an element of various placenames, and surnames derived from placenames, originally meaning grassland, pasture


Kaukasus

Caucasus (mountain range, geographic region)


Nienke

Borrowed from West Frisian Nynke, presumably a hypocoristic variant from Latin [Term?], from Ancient Greek Αἰκατερίνη (Aikaterínē), which was associated with Ancient Greek καθαρος (katharos, “pure”) by folk etymology in Late Antiquity. Cognate to English Catherine.

m+

a diminutive of the female given name Catharina


Kabbala

bor

Hebrew קַבָּלָה

While the practices of Kabbala were known in Europe from very early times, the expulsion of Spain's Jews in 1492 resulted in a great influx of Kabbalic lore into the Latin kingdoms.

2002, Frank Swetz, Legacy of the Luoshu (in English):


Kasjoebisch

Kashubian (Slavic language spoken in the Pomeranian region of Poland)


Nusantara

From Javanese Nusantara (ꦤꦸꦱꦤ꧀ꦠꦫ, “the islands, Indonesia”), from Old Javanese nūsāntara (“the outer islands”).

der

Indonesian Archipelago, the islands comprising the country of Indonesia or to the geographical groups which include its islands

a museum in the Netherlands dedicated specifically to art and cultural objects from Indonesia


Reeth

First attested as redh towards the end of the 11th century. Perhaps derived from Old Dutch redh (“road, way”). Compare Rheden.

a hamlet in Overbetuwe, Gelderland, Netherlands


Odesa

From Ukrainian Оде́са (Odésa). This form has been gaining currency particularly since the Russian invasion of Ukraine.


winti

Borrowed from Sranan Tongo winti, from Dutch wind.

winti, a Surinamese religious tradition based on practices from African religions


Vercruysse

Contraction of van der Cruysse; see ver-.


Republiek Macedonië

Republic of Macedonia
Republic of Macedonia#English:_Q221

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

(historical) Republic of Macedonia (former official name of North Macedonia: a country in Southeast Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula)


Dnipropetrovsk

From Ukrainian Дніпропетро́вськ (Dnipropetróvsʹk).

bor

Дніпропетро́вськ


Donetsk

Donetsk, a city, raion and oblast in Ukraine.


Lviv

From Ukrainian Львів (Lʹviv); the form in -ov is from Russian Львов (Lʹvov).

Lviv, a city, raion and oblast in Ukraine.


Christoffel

English: Christoffel symbol

From Latin Christophorus, from Koine Greek Χριστόφορος (Khristóphoros).

a male given name, corresponding to English Christopher


Filipijnen

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)


Belanda Hitam

From Indonesian Belanda (“Dutch”) + hitam (“black”).


Nicodemus

From Middle Dutch nicodemus, from Latin Nīcodēmus, from Ancient Greek Νῑκόδημος (Nīkódēmos).

Nicodemus (Biblical character, Pharisee in the gospel of John)


Sont

From sont, an archaic by-form of zond (“sound, strait”).

the Sound (strait that separates Zealand from Scania)


ANWB

Koninklijke Nederlandse Toeristenbond ANWB (originally Algemene Nederlandse Wielrijders-Bond), the Dutch road users and tourist organisation. Similar to the AA in the UK and the AAA in the US


Texel

First attested as tesla in 772 or 776. Ultimately from Old Dutch Tesla. Likely derived from (a compound of) Proto-Germanic *tehswô (“right, southern”). A derivation from *þehslô- (“adze”) (referring here to an adze-shaped elevated area or to the supposed adze-like shape of the island) is less likely. The spelling with x is due to influence of West Frisian Teksel.

inh

Meronyms: Bargen, De Cocksdorp, De Koog, Den Burg, De Nes, Den Hoorn, De Waal, De Westen, Dijkmanshuizen, Driehuizen, Harkebuurt, Het Noorden, Midden-Eierland, Molenbuurt, Nieuweschild, Noorderbuurt, Noord Haffel, Ongeren, Oost, Oosterend, Oudeschild, Spang, Spijkdorp, 't Horntje, Tienhoven, Westergeest, Westermient, Zevenhuizen, Zuid-Eierland, Zuid Haffel

Texel mijn eiland
 Mooi stukje Holland
 Bij jou voel ik mij van mijn zorgen bevrijd

(Can we date this quote?), Maarten Koorn, Texel mijn eiland:

Texel my island
 Fair piece of Holland
 By you I feel freed from my cares

an island and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands


Noord-Brabant

Meronyms: Alphen-Chaam; Altena; Asten; Baarle-Nassau; Bergeijk; Bergen op Zoom; Bernheze; Best; Bladel; Boekel; Boxtel; Breda; Cranendonck; Deurne; Dongen; Drimmelen; Eersel; Eindhoven; Etten-Leur; Geertruidenberg; Geldrop-Mierlo; Gemert-Bakel; Gilze en Rijen; Goirle; Halderberge; Heeze-Leende; Helmond; Heusden; Hilvarenbeek; Laarbeek; Land van Cuijk; Loon op Zand; Maashorst; Meierijstad; Moerdijk; Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten; Oirschot; Oisterwijk; Oosterhout; Oss; Reusel-De Mierden; Roosendaal; Rucphen; 's-Hertogenbosch; Sint-Michielsgestel; Someren; Son en Breugel; Steenbergen; Tilburg; Valkenswaard; Veldhoven; Vught; Waalre; Waalwijk; Woensdrecht; Zundert

North Brabant, a province of the Netherlands


Noord-Holland

desc

→ French: Hollande-Septentrionale (calque)

→ Italian: Olanda Settentrionale (calque)

→ Latin: Hollandia Septentrionalis (calque)

→ Portuguese: Holanda do Norte (calque)

→ Spanish: Holanda Septentrional (calque)

Meronyms: Aalsmeer, Alkmaar, Amstelveen, Amsterdam, Bergen, Beverwijk, Blaricum, Bloemendaal, Castricum, Den Helder, Diemen, Dijk en Waard, Drechterland, Edam-Volendam, Enkhuizen, Gooise Meren, Haarlem, Haarlemmermeer, Heemskerk, Heemstede, Heiloo, Hilversum, Hollands Kroon, Hoorn, Huizen, Koggenland, Landsmeer, Laren, Medemblik, Oostzaan, Opmeer, Ouder-Amstel, Purmerend, Schagen, Stede Broec, Texel, Uitgeest, Uithoorn, Velsen, Waterland, Wijdemeren, Wormerland, Zaanstad, Zandvoort

North Holland, a province of the Netherlands


Zuid-Holland

Meronyms: Alblasserdam, Albrandswaard, Alphen aan den Rijn, Barendrecht, Bodegraven-Reeuwijk, Capelle aan den IJssel, Delft, Den Haag, Dordrecht, Goeree-Overflakkee, Gorinchem, Gouda, Hardinxveld-Giessendam, Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Hillegom, Hoeksche Waard, Kaag en Braassem, Katwijk, Krimpen aan den IJssel, Krimpenerwaard, Lansingerland, Leiden, Leiderdorp, Leidschendam-Voorburg, Lisse, Maassluis, Midden-Delfland, Molenlanden, Nieuwkoop, Nissewaard, Noordwijk, Oegstgeest, Papendrecht, Pijnacker-Nootdorp, Ridderkerk, Rijswijk, Rotterdam, Schiedam, Sliedrecht, Teylingen, Vlaardingen, Voorne aan Zee, Voorschoten, Waddinxveen, Wassenaar, Westland, Zoetermeer, Zoeterwoude, Zuidplas, Zwijndrecht

South Holland, a province of the Netherlands


Vlaams-Brabant

Meronyms: Aarschot, Affligem, Asse, Beersel, Begijnendijk, Bekkevoort, Bertem, Bever, Bierbeek, Boortmeerbeek, Boutersem, Diest, Dilbeek, Drogenbos, Galmaarden, Geetbets, Glabbeek, Gooik, Grimbergen, Haacht, Halle, Herent, Herne, Hoegaarden, Hoeilaart, Holsbeek, Huldenberg, Kampenhout, Kapelle-op-den-Bos, Keerbergen, Kortenaken, Kortenberg, Kraainem, Landen, Lennik, Leuven, Liedekerke, Linkebeek, Linter, Londerzeel, Lubbeek, Machelen, Meise, Merchtem, Opwijk, Oud-Heverlee, Overijse, Pepingen, Roosdaal, Rotselaar, Scherpenheuvel-Zichem, Sint-Genesius-Rode, Sint-Pieters-Leeuw, Steenokkerzeel, Ternat, Tervuren, Tielt-Winge, Tienen, Tremelo, Vilvoorde, Wemmel, Wezembeek-Oppem, Zaventem, Zemst, Zoutleeuw


Azië

nl-proper noun

Azië n (adjective Aziatisch, demonym Aziaat m or Aziatische f)

Aziatisch (adjective)
Aziaat (demonym masculine)
Aziatische (demonym feminine)
Azie (alternative common misspelling)

Ultimately from Latin Asia, from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (Ăsĭ́ā).

Asia (the largest continent, located between Europe and the Pacific Ocean)


cyrillisch

Borrowed. After Saint Cyrillus, a Byzantine missionary on the Balkans credited with its invention.


Californië

* (U.S. state) Probably borrowed from Spanish California. Although a borrowing from English is also possible, the word first appears in Dutch before widespread settlement in California by speakers of English.
* (Maasdriel) First attested as Californië in 1867. Originally the name of a farmhouse or a similar building. Named after the U.S. state.
* (Horst aan de Maas) First attested as Californië in 1874. Originally the name of a farmhouse. Named after the U.S. state.

California (the most populous state of the United States)

a hamlet in Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands

Horst aan de Maas
Horst aan de Maas#English

a hamlet in Horst aan de Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Wenen

Afrikaans: Wene

From Middle Dutch Wene, from Middle High German Wien(n)e, Win(n)e.


Arnoud

a male given name, equivalent to English Arnold


Salomo

Borrowed from Latin Salomōn. Doublet of Sjloume.

Solomon (Biblical figure, historical king of Israel and Judah)


Salomon

alternative form of Salomo (“Biblical king”)


CGN

(linguistics) abbreviation of Corpus Gesproken Nederlands


Winde

First attested as de winde in 1338. Perhaps derived from a term cognate to wenden (“turn, twist”), here referring to a riverbend.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Win.

a village in Tynaarlo, Drenthe, Netherlands


Galicië

Borrowed from Medieval Latin Gallicia, from Classical Latin Gallaecia, from Gallaecī (“a tribe in the region”).

Galicia (a former kingdom and autonomous community in northwestern Spain)

Galicia (former kingdom and geographical area in Central Europe, now divided between Poland and Ukraine)


Jona

From Middle Dutch jona, from Latin Iōnās, from Koine Greek Ἰωνᾶς (Iōnâs), from Biblical Hebrew יוֹנָה (“Jonah; pigeon”).

der

(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) Jonah (fictional prophet who preached to the people of Nineveh, Biblical character)

(Judaism, Christianity) Jonah (book of the Hebrew Bible)


Tijn

a diminutive of the male given name Constantijn


Ivano-Frankivsk

From Ukrainian Іва́но-Франкі́вськ (Iváno-Frankívsʹk).

bor

Іва́но-Франкі́вськ

Ivano-Frankivsk, a city, raion and oblast in Ukraine.


Kirovohrad

From Ukrainian Кіровогра́д (Kirovohrád).


Rivne

Rivne, a city, raion and oblast in Ukraine.


Ternopil

Ternopil, a city, raion and oblast in Ukraine.


Jordi

Borrowed from Catalan Jordi at the end of the 20th century.


Beatrijs

a female given name, equivalent to English Beatrice


Ieneke

Diminutive of Ine, a Germanic female given name, or ien, the West Frisian and Dutch Low Saxon word for "one."


Seoel

From Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”).


ebola

Internationalism, ultimately from French, from Legbala in a Congolese language.


Archipel

a neighbourhood of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands


Saba

Possibly derived from a shortening or misreading of Spanish San Cristóbal, the original name of the island.

Saba (an island, dependent territory, and special municipality of the Netherlands, in the Caribbean, in the southern part off the west coast of Venezuela)


Noord-Ierland

Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland#English:_Q26

Northern Ireland (a constituent country and province of the United Kingdom, situated in the northeastern part of the island of Ireland)


Procrustes

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Προκρούστης (Prokroústēs).

Procrustes (legendary Attic highwayman and misshaper of members)


Waddenzee

→ English: Wadden Sea (partial calque)

the Wadden Sea: a marginal sea stretching from the northern Netherlands to southwestern Denmark


Germaans

Germaans (adverbial positive predicative)
Germaanser (adverbial comparative predicative)
het Germaanst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het Germaanste (adverbial predicative superlative)
Germaanse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
Germaansere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
Germaanste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
Germaans (indefinite neuter positive singular)
Germaanser (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
Germaanste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
Germaanse (indefinite plural positive)
Germaansere (comparative indefinite plural)
Germaanste (indefinite plural superlative)
Germaanse (definite positive)
Germaansere (comparative definite)
Germaanste (definite superlative)
Germaans (partitive positive)
Germaansers (comparative partitive)


de Ruiter

de Ruijter (alternative)
de Ruyter (alternative uncommon)


de Ruyter

a surname, an older spelling of de Ruiter


Joost

From earlier Joos, from Medieval Latin Iodocus, Iudocus, from Old Breton Iodoc. Cognate with English Joyce.


Joost

Afrikaans: josie

From earlier Joos, probably from Javanese ꦢꦼꦗꦺꦴꦱ꧀ (dejos), from Portuguese deus, from Old Galician-Portuguese deus (“god”), from Latin deus (“god”).

1763, pseudonym ("A. B. C. D."), De bankbreeker door list, publ. pseudonymously ("by Fop Fopper"), page 10.
Laat Joosje naa Jooſt loopen, wat heb ik tegenwoordig met die gekheid van doen?

Let Joosje go to hell, what's my business with that silliness now?

1784, Betje Wolff & Aagje Deken, Historie van den heer Willem Leevend, vol. 3, publ. by Isaac van Cleef, page 247.
Het is goed, dat Mama's slaapkamer verre van de zaal is; de goede Vrouw had anders ons, om ons lachen, wel naar Joost gewenscht.

It is good that Mummy's bedroom is far removed from the hall; otherwise the good woman would have wished us to the devil on account of our laughing.

1869, Oswald Hancke, Vermakelijke Liefdes Geschiedenissen, tr. by J. P. Coentz, in J. Speijer Klerk & A. J. le Gras (ed.), Romantische Bibliotheek. Lectuur voor alle standen, vol. 7, H. van Duijl (publ.), page 42.
— Joost moge den teergevoeligen minnaar halen! viel de luitenant lachend in.

"The devil may take the delicate and sensitive lover!" the lieutenant interrupted laughing.

1902, Maurits Esser (as Gerard van Eckeren), Studies, Veldt, page 193.
Het bruggewachtertje vloog er op af, knorde van genoegen : „Joost komp je hale.... Joost komp je hale....” kreunde hij zacht-plezierigjes voor zich heen.

Waaruit of dat schijnt, mag Joost weten.

1905, De nieuwe tijd, volume 10, page 425:

Wat hij daar doet – Joost mag het weten dominee.

2009, B. van Ruyten, Zwarte vrijdag. Fantastische streekvertelling uit de Hoeksche Waard, page 106:

‘En waarin betovert Stekeltee je zusje?’ vraagt Max. ‘Hij maakt een Joos van haar,’ antwoordt Mei-Lan. ‘Een Joos?’ ‘Dat is het Chinese woord voor duivel. Dan krijg je hoorntjes en puntige tanden en griezelige priemogen. We hebben thuis een beeldje van een Joos en dat vindt Fen-Fang doodeng.’

2016, Jacques Vriens, Mei-Lan en het geheim van snackbar De Belg, Unieboek | Het Spectrum:

Joost mag het weten
Joost mag het weten#Dutch

(archaic, no longer commonly used outside of the phrase ‘Joost mag het weten’) Satan, the Devil


Trijntje

a diminutive of the female given name Katharina


Neerland

With regular loss of intervocalic -d-, as in leder/leer, weder/weer, moeder/moer, and so forth.

Neerlands trots

(somewhat dated) alternative form of Nederland