Salomonseilanden

Compound of Salomon (“Solomon”) + -s- + eilanden (“islands”).

com

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q685

Solomon Islands (a country consisting of the majority of the Solomon Islands archipelago in Melanesia, in Oceania, as well as the Santa Cruz Islands)

Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands#English:_Q148966

Solomon Islands (an archipelago in Melanesia, split between the countries of the Solomon Islands and Papua New Guinea)


Antigua en Barbuda

Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda#English:_Q781

Antigua and Barbuda (a country consisting of two islands in the Caribbean, Antigua and Barbuda)


Saint Vincent en de Grenadines

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines#English:_Q757

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean, comprising the islands of Saint Vincent and the island chain of the Grenadines)


Hanze

From Middle Dutch hanse, from Old Dutch hansa, from Proto-West Germanic *hansu, from Proto-Germanic *hansō. Equivalent to hanze (“merchants' guild”) turned into a proper noun.

(history) Hanseatic League (trading network and interest group of the northern Holy Roman Empire and nearby lands)


Willemijn

/ˌʋɪ.ləˈmɛi̯n/

From Middle Dutch Willemine, from Medieval Latin Wilhelmina, feminine form of Wilhelmus, itself a latinization of an earlier form of the name Willem.


Daniël

the book Daniel, named after the prophet


Midden-Europa

Central Europe
Central Europe#English:_Q27509

Central Europe (a geographic region in the center of Europe, usually including Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia and Germany)


Gronings

Gronings, the Dutch Low Saxon dialect spoken in the province Groningen


Matteüs

Matthew the Apostle
New Testament
apostle
nl:Matteüs

Ultimately from Matthaeus, from Koine Greek Ματθαῖος (Matthaîos), several figures in the New Testament including the apostle Matthew, from Hebrew מַתִּתְיָהוּ (Mattiṯyāhū), from מַתָּנַת (“gift, reward”) + יהוה (“YHWH, God”). Doublet of Matthijs and Mattias. Compare French Matthieu and Matthias.

der

מַתִּתְיָהוּ

Hebrew מַתִּתְיָהוּ (Mattiṯyāhū)

(biblical) Matthew, the apostle and several minor figures

(biblical) ellipsis of evangelie naar Matteüs (“the Gospel of Matthew”)


Venetië

From Middle Dutch Venegien. Equivalent to Veneet + -ië.


Suezkanaal

Compound of Suez (“riverine Egyptian port city”) + kanaal (“canal”).

com

the Suez Canal, linking the Egyptian Red Sea - and Mediterranean coasts


Golgota

/ˈɣɔl.ɣoːˌtaː/


Heilige Stoel

De Heilige Stoel (canonical masculine)
in the case of the Holy See (invariable)

Calque of Latin Sancta Sedes (“Holy See”).
The toponym is Attested as Heiligenstoel in 1899. Named as a reference to the Holy See. Originally the name of a farm.

the Holy See, Rome (the Vatican) as seat of and metonomy for the papacy and the universal Roman Catholic church which it heads

a neighborhood of Wijchen, Gelderland, Netherlands


CHU

Christelijk-Historische Unie
w:Christelijk-Historische Unie

initialism of Christelijk-Historische Unie (“Christian-Historical Union”), an influential Protestant political party in the Netherlands


Bahama's

Bahamas (an archipelago and country in the Caribbean)


Comoren

Comoros (a country and group of islands in the Indian Ocean off the coast of East Africa)

Union of the Comoros
Union of the Comoros

Comoros (an archipelago consisting of the Union of the Comoros and the French overseas department of Mayotte)


Marshalleilanden

the proper noun Marshall + the plural of eiland 'island'

Marshall Islands
Marshall Islands#English:_Q709

Marshall Islands (a country consisting of two archipelagos in Micronesia, in Oceania)


Sao Tomé en Principe

Portuguese São Tomé (island named after the apostle Saint Thomas) + en 'and' + Portuguese Principe (island named after a Portuguese royal prince)

São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe#English:_Q1039

São Tomé and Príncipe (a country and archipelago of Central Africa, in the Atlantic Ocean)


Guinee

From French Guinée, from Portuguese Guiné.


Speers

First attested as spaers in 1481. Borrowed from West Frisian Spears, potentially derived from Old Frisian Sparre (a personal name) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -ingi-.

a hamlet in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Washington D.C.

Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.#English

Washington, D.C. (the capital city of the United States)


Oekraïens

Als een trein aankomt wordt in het Oekraïens omgeroepen waar de passagiers zich kunnen melden.

2022 March 20, Nynke van Verschuer, “Elke paar uur een nieuwe trein vol vluchtelingen [Every few hours a new train full of refugees]”, in NRC Handelsblad, retrieved 2022-05-03:

Whenever a train arrives, an announcement is made in Ukrainian as to where the passengers can register.


Servisch

From Servië (“Serbia”) + -isch (“-ish, -ian”).


Heilige Geest

Inflection of heilig (“holy”) + geest (“spirit”), capitalized out of devotion for the divine.

Holy Spirit, one of the three persons constituting the Holy Trinity in Christian theology


Eiland

* (Leudal) See also Limburgish Eilandj.
* (Maasgouw) First attested as Eyland in 1803-1820. Derived from eiland (“island”). See also Limburgish Eilandj.
* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as Het Eyland of Swart ven in 1780. Derived from eiland (“island”). The name originally referred to a peninsula of solid land surrounded by peat bogs.

a hamlet in Leudal, Limburg, Netherlands

a hamlet in Maasgouw, Limburg, Netherlands

a hamlet in Woensdrecht, North Brabant, Netherlands


Laren

* (Noord-Holland) First attested as lare in 1341. Derived from Middle Dutch laer (“intensively cultivated forest, forest pasture”).
* (Gelderland) First attested as lare in 1294-1295. Derived from Middle Dutch laer (“intensively cultivated forest, forest pasture”). See also Dutch Low Saxon Loarne, Laorne.

inh

a village and municipality of North Holland, Netherlands

a village and former municipality of Lochem, Gelderland, Netherlands


Aa

The word a (also aa), used as a hydronym. From Proto-Germanic *ahwō (“waters, river”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ekʷeh₂ (“water”); both natively, and through Dutch Low Saxon Aa and German Low German Aa (both from Old Saxon aha (“stream”)), and German Aa (from Old High German aha (“stream”)). For more information, see a and its cognate English ea.

The name of dozens of small rivers and streams; also a common element in many derived hydronyms.


Noordzee

From Middle Dutch Nortsêe. By surface analysis, noord (“north”) + zee (“sea”).

surf

the North Sea, part of the Atlantic Ocean between Britain, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Scandinavia and France


Groot-Brittannië

Great Britain
Great Britain#English:_Q23666

Great Britain (a large island (sometimes also including some of the surrounding smaller islands) off the north-west coast of Western Europe, made up of England, Scotland, and Wales)

Great Britain
Great Britain#English:_Q145

(loosely) Great Britain (the United Kingdom, a kingdom and country in Northern Europe including the island of Great Britain as well as Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland)


Alida

a diminutive of the female given name Adelheid


Zeeuws

From Middle Dutch sêeusch, from Old Dutch *sēwisk (“of the sea”), from sēo (“sea”) + -isk.

Zealandic or Zeelandic, language/dialect spoken in Zealand, a province in the Netherlands


Kreeftskeerkring

Coordinate term: Steenbokskeerkring


Steenbokskeerkring

Coordinate term: Kreeftskeerkring


Galilea

From Medieval Latin Galilea, from Ancient Greek Γᾰλῑλαίᾱ (Gălīlaíā), from Hebrew גָּלִיל (galíl).
The hamlet was named after a former monastery.

Galilee (a mountainous geographic region in northern Israel)

a hamlet in Noardeast-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Catalaans

Catalan, the Romance language of Catalonia


Praag

Prague (the capital city of the Czech Republic)


Maartje

a female given name, masculine equivalent Martin


Pieter

Afrikaans: Pieter

→ Russian: Питер (Piter)

From Middle Dutch Pieter, from Latin Petrus, from Ancient Greek Πέτρος (Pétros), from πέτρος (pétros, “rock, stone”), as a name a loan translation of Aramaic כֵּיפָא (“stone, rock; Peter, Cephas”).

der

a male given name, equivalent to English Peter


Jacoba

Named for the settlement's location within the Jacobapolder and close proximity to the Jacobadijk; both locations are named after the daughter of the chief investor in the land reclamation projects which created them, Johan Pieter van den Brande.

a hamlet in Noord-Beveland, Zeeland, Netherlands


Jannetje

a diminutive of the female given names Johanna or Janna


Josien

a diminutive of the female given names Josepha or Josephine


Leentje

a diminutive of the female given names Helena or Lena


Maritje

a female given name, a hypocoristic form of Maria


Neeltje

a female given name, a nickname for Cornelia


Bosch

* (Noord-Brabant) First attested as silua in 1307. Derived from bos (“rising forest”).
* (former island) From bosch, obsolete spelling of bos (“rising forest”).
The surname derives from one of the senses of bos or from one of several toponyms.

a hamlet in Cranendonck, North Brabant, Netherlands


havo

w:nl:Hoger algemeen voortgezet onderwijs

(Netherlands) initialism of Hoger algemeen voortgezet onderwijs

hoger algemeen voortgezet onderwijs
nl:hoger algemeen voortgezet onderwijs


Egyptisch

From Egypte (“Egypt”) + -isch (“-ish, -ian”).


Electra

Attested as Electra in 1936. Named after a nearby electric pumphouse.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Elektra.

a hamlet in Westerkwartier, Groningen, Netherlands


Meers

First attested as Mers in 1803-1820. Derived from meers (“land next to water, swampland, pasture”).
See also Limburgish Maes.

a village in Stein, Limburg, Netherlands


Micro$oft

Jongens, jullie zien het helemaal fout. ALS de bijbel door Micro$oft geschreven zou zijn (niet helemaal onwaarschijnlijk trouwens :-), *DAN* zou de bijbel inderdaad nog altijd minder dan 32 bits zijn. :-)

1995 October 31, Hans van Zonneveld, quoting Dik T. Winter, “xs4all heeft 2 vandaag gehaald. Re: COS”, in xs4all.general (Usenet), archived from the original on 2025-05-14:

Nou ja, misschien HEB ik wel antwoord maar ik kon gisteren en vandaag mijn hotmail niet ophalen. Ligt aan de servers van Micro$oft, die worden veel geDDoS'd de laatste tijd...

2004 July 12, John Holmes, “Hotmail hacking is so easy, check it out”, in alt.hack.nl (Usenet), archived from the original on 2025-05-14:

Vaak hebben dit soort companies met slechte producten wel hele goeie marketing (zie ook Micro$oft), dus helaas zullen er wel weer vele sukkels voor vallen.

2006 October 3, MajorUrsa, “Etrade”, in nl.financieel.beurs (Usenet), archived from the original on 2025-05-14:


Saskia

Probably formed from compound names beginning with the Germanic element *Sas- (“a Saxon”). Best known as the name of Rembrandt's wife.


Wals

First attested as wals in 1236. Etymology unknown. The toponym appears to be related to the adjective Waals (“Walloon, related to Wallonia”).

unk

unknown

Oude IJsselstreek
Oude IJsselstreek#English

a hamlet in Oude IJsselstreek, Gelderland, Netherlands


Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest

From Brussels (“Brussels”, adjective) + hoofdstedelijk (“capital”, adjective) + gewest (“administrative region”).

Meronyms: Anderlecht, Brussel, Elsene, Etterbeek, Evere, Ganshoren, Jette, Koekelberg, Oudergem, Schaarbeek, Sint-Agatha-Berchem, Sint-Gillis, Sint-Jans-Molenbeek, Sint-Joost-ten-Node, Sint-Lambrechts-Woluwe, Sint-Pieters-Woluwe, Ukkel, Vorst, Watermaal-Bosvoorde

the bilingual central, bilingual region (i.e. constitutive member territory) of federal Belgium, comprising only the 19 municipalities of the capital metropolis Brussels; its constitutional status differs in several points from that of the far larger and more populous regions Flanders (northern, Dutch-speaking; Brussels is an enclave in it) and Wallonia (southern; Francophone, with a small German-speaking minority component)


Schonen

Compare German Schonen. Probably ultimately from Old Norse Skáney.

Scandinavian Peninsula
Scandinavian Peninsula

(dated, historical) Scania (a former province, historical region, and peninsula in Sweden, roughly coterminous with Skåne County and occupying the southern tip of the Scandinavian Peninsula)


Colchis

Probably borrowed from Latin Colchis, from Ancient Greek Κολχῐ́ς (Kolkhĭ́s).

(historical) Colchis (a historical region and ancient Georgian kingdom on the coast of the Black Sea in the South Caucasus on the border between Europe and Asia, corresponding to what is now western Georgia (including Abkhazia), as well as parts of Russia and Turkey)


Deuteronomium

From Middle Dutch deuteronomium, from Latin Deuteronomium, from Ancient Greek Δευτερονόμιον (Deuteronómion).

der

Δευτερονόμιον


Jozua

→ Indonesian: Yosua

From older Josue, from Middle Dutch josue, from Latin Iosue, from Ancient Greek Ιωσούας (Iōsoúas), from Biblical Hebrew יְהוֹשֻׁעַ. The form with a appears in the sixteenth century, probably influenced by the Greek and Hebrew forms.

Iosua (alternative obsolete)
Iosue (alternative obsolete)
Josue (alternative obsolete)
Jozuë (alternative dated)


Gelder

obsolete form of Gelre (“Guelders, historical duchy”)

obsolete form of Gelderen (“Geldern, city in Germany”)


Catharijne

The municipality was named after a former fiefdom, which was named in turn after a monastery dedicated to Saint Catherine.

a former municipality of Utrecht, Netherlands

a female given name, equivalent to English Catherine


Oostzee

From Middle Dutch Ôostsêe. By surface analysis, oost + zee.

Baltic Sea (a sea in Northern Europe, an arm of the Atlantic enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia and Sweden)


Obadja

Borrowed from Biblical Hebrew עוֹבַדְיָה.


Negerhollands

Compound of neger (“black person”) + Hollands (“Hollandic”).


Nieuw Arch. Wisk.

The material of Section 6.2 (fixed points) has stubbornly resisted a convincing generalization to topological spaces. Until recently the same was true for Section 6.3 (category), but there have been new developments. The paper Cocompactness by Aarts, de Groot, and McDowell in the 1970 Nieuw. Arch. Wisk. is a pertinent reference.

1977, Irving Kaplansky, Set Theory and Metric Spaces, 2nd edition, Providence, RI: AMS Chelsea, →ISBN, page 131:

(mathematics) abbreviation of Nieuw Archief voor Wiskunde ≡ New Archive for Mathematics


Azerbeidzjan

Azerbaijan (a country in the South Caucasus in Asia and Europe)


Zuid-Afrikaans

(colloquial) the Afrikaans language (avoided by specialists)


Australisch Hoofdstedelijk Territorium

nl-proper noun

Australisch Hoofdstedelijk Territorium n

Calque of English Australian Capital Territory.

calque

Australian Capital Territory (a federal territory in southeastern Australia, containing the capital, Canberra)


Zuid-Australië

South Australia
South Australia#English:_Q3206

South Australia (a state of Australia, located in the central southern part of the continent; a former British colony until 1901)


Servië

nl-proper noun

Servië n (adjective Servisch, demonym Serviër m or Servische f)

Servisch (adjective)
Serviër (demonym masculine)
Servische (demonym feminine)

Ultimately from Serbo-Croatian Srbija. By surface analysis, Serf + -ië.

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Allerzielen

Univerbation of aller zielen (“All Souls', of all souls”), calque of Latin omnium animarum, in festum omnium animarum (“feast of all souls”).


Amazone

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἀμαζών (Amazṓn).


Duinkerke

From duin (“dune”) + kerke (“church”, variant of kerk).

com

variant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">kerk</i>

Dunkirk (a town in Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France)


Boudewijn

/ˈbɑu̯dəˌʋɛi̯n/

From Middle Dutch Baltwin, from Old Dutch Baltwini, from Proto-Germanic *Balþawiniz. The first element of the name survives as the now-dated adjective boud.


Kanaänitisch

Canaanitisch (alternative obsolete)
Canaänitisch (alternative dated)
Kanaanitisch (alternative obsolete)


Kanaän

Ultimately from Latin Chanaān, from Ancient Greek Χαναάν (Khanaán), from Hebrew כְּנַעַן (k'ná'an)


ijzertijd

Shortening of ijzertijdperk or ijzertijdvak, both calques of Danish jernalder or German Eisenzeitalter, Eisenzeit (itself a calque from Danish). The shortening may well have been influenced by Eisenzeit. Equivalent to ijzer (“iron”) + tijd (“age”).


Drievuldigheid

From Middle Dutch drievuldicheit, variant of drievoudicheit. Equivalent to drievuldig + -heid.

De Drievuldigheid is een belangrijk concept binnen het christendom.

The Trinity is an important concept within Christianity.


Koerd

nl-noun

Koerd m (plural Koerden, diminutive Koerdje n)

Koerden (plural)
Koerdje (diminutive neuter)


Midden-Amerika

From midden- (“middle, central”) + Amerika (“America”).

af

Continentaal Midden-Amerika omvat de reus Mexico en een trist bananenrepublieken van Belize tot Panama

Continental Central-America comprises the giant Mexico and a series of banana republics from Belize to Panama

Central America
Central America#English:_Q27611

Central America (a continental region in North America, consisting of the countries lying between Mexico and South America) (either with or without the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea)


Oezbeeks

From Oezbeek (“Uzbek”) + -s (genitive ending).

suf

Het Oezbeeks is een Turkse taal


Belgrado

From Southern Slavic (the Yugoslav or southern branch of Slavic languages), presently Beograd in Serbo-Croatian (variety Serbian), meaning “white castle” (after a fortress on the Danube), like most non-derivative translations.


Faeröers

Faeröer 'Faroe (Islands)' + genitive ending -s


Arend

a male given name, equivalent to English Arnold, sometimes spelled as Arent


Wouter

From Middle Dutch [Term?], from Old Dutch *Waltheri, Proto-West Germanic *Waldahari, from Proto-Germanic *Waldaharjaz.


Santa Rosa

Borrowed from Spanish Santa Rosa, the Spanish name of Saint Rose. The village was founded as a Catholic mission.


Javaans

Het Javaans, de moedertaal van de meeste Indonesiërs, is nauw verwant met het Maleis.

Javan, the birth language of most Indonesians, is closely related to Malay.


Kaspische Zee

Inflection of Kaspisch (“Caspian”) + zee (“sea”).

De Kaspische Zee levert de kuststaten een fortuin op als kaviaar-uitvoerders

The Caspian Sea brings its coastal states a fortune as caviar-exporters

the Caspian Sea, a landlocked sea (in fact a giant lake) in Central Asia


Straatsburg

Strasbourg (the capital city of Bas-Rhin department, France; the capital city of the region of Grand Est)


Olympische Winterspelen

Olympic Winter Games
Olympic Winter Games


Karelië

Karelia (a historical region of Northern Europe, located to the north of Saint Petersburg and politically split between Russia and Finland)

Karelia (a republic and federal subject of Russia)


Koerdistan

Kurdistan (a cultural region in Western Asia inhabited mostly by the Kurds, encompassing parts of Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria)

(by extension) Kurdistan (an autonomous region in northern and northeastern Iraq, lying within the aforementioned Kurdish-majority region)

(by extension) Kurdistan (a province in northwestern Iran, lying within the aforementioned Kurdish-majority region)


Jan Modaal

Jan ('John', extremely common first name) + modaal ('average', from Latin modalis).

(idiomatic) John Q. Public, Joe Average, a hypothetical individual personification of the average (generally working-class) consumer, with an average income


Faeröer

nl-proper noun

de Faeröer pl (adjective Faeröers, demonym Faeröerder m or Faeröerse f)

de Faeröer (canonical plural)
Faeröers (adjective)
Faeröerder (demonym masculine)
Faeröerse (demonym feminine)

Faroe Islands
Faroe Islands#English:_Q4628

Faroe Islands (an archipelago and self-governing autonomous territory of Denmark, in the North Atlantic Ocean between Scotland and Iceland)


Noordelijk Territorium

Northern Territory
Northern Territory#English:_Q3235

Northern Territory (a territory covering northern and north-central Australia)


Assamitisch

Zo'n 3/5 van de bevolking van Assam spreekt Assamitisch.

About 3/5 of Assam's population speaks Assamese.


Ripuarisch

Ultimately from Latin ripa (“(river) bank”).

De scl-speling is in ieder geval geattesteerd in het Zuidoost-Limburgs/Ripuarisch, [...]

2009, Het Wiesbadense handschrift: Hs. Wiesbaden, Hessisces Hauptstaatsarchiv, 3004 B 10. Kritische editie ingeleid en bezorgd door Hans Kienhorst en Kees Schepers: Met bijdragen aan de inleiding van Amand Berteloot en Paul Wackers, (series: Middeleeuwse Verzamelhandschriften uit de Nederlanden XI), p. 85

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Ripuarian, the West Germanic dialect of the abovementioned Frankish tribes


Palestijn

nl-noun

Palestijn m (plural Palestijnen, diminutive Palestijntje n)

Palestijnen (plural)
Palestijntje (diminutive neuter)

a Palestinian, inhabitant of Palestine or member of its Arab diaspora


Mokveld

Originated from Soest (Germany), in the 19th century moved to the Netherlands.


Serviër

Serviër m (plural Serviërs, diminutive Serviërtje n, feminine Servische)

Serviërs (plural)
Serviërtje (diminutive neuter)
Servische (feminine)

an inhabitant of Serbia, formerly in Yugoslavia


Sovjet-Unie

From sovjet (“Soviet”) + unie (“union”).

Soviet Union
Soviet Union#English:_Q15180

alternative spelling of Sovjetunie: (historical) Soviet Union (a former transcontinental country in Europe and Asia (1922–1991), now split into Russia and 14 other countries)


Oost-Vlaams

East Flemish, a (rather artificial, by analogy with West-Vlaams) group of Flemish dialects of the Dutch language in the eastern part of the historic countship of Flanders (now in Belgium and, further south/west, France)


Assamees

Zo'n 1,55% van de Indische bevolking spreekt Assamees, daarmee 's lands 12de taal

About 1,55 of India's population speaks Assamese, making it the country's 12th language


Luxemburger

Luxemburger m (plural Luxemburgers, diminutive Luxemburgertje n, feminine Luxemburgse)

Luxemburgers (plural)
Luxemburgertje (diminutive neuter)
Luxemburgse (feminine)

a Luxemburger, citizen or descendant of either territory or city named Luxemburg


Hoge Porte

Ultimately a calque of Ottoman Turkish باب عالی (Babıali). Compare Swedish Höga porten.

Hooge Porte (alternative)
Porte (alternative)

the Sublime Porte, pars pro toto for the Ottoman sultanic court, notably in Topkapi palace, hence for the imperial government, notably the vizierial divan and the entire empre


Romaan

Romaan m (plural Romanen, diminutive Romaantje n)

Romanen (plural)
Romaantje (diminutive neuter)

From Latin Romanus (“Roman, associated with Rome”), cognate with Romaan, Romaans, Romein, etc.
* The given can stem from the saint's name Romanus or, still via Latin, from Germanic Rodman.

der

a member or descendant of one of those peoples, or of the Latin sub()race

a male given name, equivalent to German Roman, Polish Roman, Italian Romano or Romeo, or French Romain, cognate with Dutch Manus and Romein


Beiroet

From Middle Dutch baruth, later modified under influence of Arabic بَيْرُوت (bayrūt).


Moskou

The hamlet is first attested as Moscou in 1899. Originally the name of a farm separated by a canal from Petersburg.

Moscow (a federal city, the capital of Russia)

a hamlet in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands


Jeruzalem

The neighbourhood is named after the city. The name was given in reference to the neighbourhood's white houses, which are vaguely reminiscent of houses in Jerusalem.

Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

a neighbourhood of Amsterdam, North Holland, Netherlands


Gradus

a diminutive of the male given name Gerardus


Cycladen

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Κυκλάδες (Kukládes), nominative plural of Κυκλάς (Kuklás), from κύκλος (kúklos, “circle, ring”).


Centraal-Amerika

From centraal (“central”) + Amerika (“America”).

af

Centraal-Amerika wordt gekenmerkt door een grote soortenrijkdom en de invloeden van meerdere oude beschavingen.

Central-America is characterised by a large biodiversity and the influences from several ancient civilisations.

Central America (a continental region in North America, consisting of the countries lying between Mexico and South America) (either with or without the West Indies in the Caribbean Sea)


Latijns-Amerika

Latijns-Amerika omvat vooral arme vroegere kolonies van Spanje en Portugal

Continental Central-America comprises mainly poor former Spanish and Portuguese colonies

Latin America
Latin America#English:_Q12585

Latin America (a continental region consisting of those parts of the Americas located south of the United States where Spanish or Portuguese is predominantly spoken; sometimes including areas speaking French or French-based creoles)


Goudkust

the Gold Coast, a colonized coastal part of West Africa, most of which became Ghana


Nouméa

Nouméa (capital city of the French overseas territory New Caledonia)


Zeist

First attested as seist in 838. From Middle Dutch seist, of unknown etymology. One proposal derives the toponym from Proto-Indo-European *sagis (a plant species) suffixed with the collectivising suffix -t.
Compare Zeegse, Zeesse, Zeijen, Ziek, Seeste and Segeste.

unk

unknown

cog

Meronyms: Austerlitz, Bosch en Duin, Den Dolder, Huis ter Heide

a town and municipality of Utrecht, Netherlands


Mérida

From Spanish, from the third word of the Latin name “colōnia Augusta Ēmerita”, from the feminine of ēmeritus (“veteran”), referring to the Iberian city being founded as an imperial veterans’ colony.

the city Mérida in Spain's western region Estremadura, in Badajoz province

Latin American cities named Mérida after the above:

in Venezuela, an eponymous district capital in Guzman province


Côte d'Or

Borrowed from French Côte d'Or, from côte (“coast”) + d' (“of”, contracted form of de) + or (“gold”).

the Côte d'Or département (equivalent of a county) in France's eastern region Bourgogne (Burgundy)

the Côte d'Or chain of hills West of the Saône valley, which the above département was named after


Siberië

Borrowed from Russian Сибирь (Sibirʹ), which derives in turn from the name of a Tatar fortress.
The hamlet in Drenthe is first attested as Siberien in 1851-1855. Named after the region in Russia. The settlement was named for its perceived remoteness.
The hamlet in Noord-Brabant is attested as Siberië in 1978. Named after the region in Russia. The settlement was named for its perceived remoteness.

Siberia (alternative obsolete)
Siberien (alternative obsolete)
Siberiën (alternative obsolete)

a hamlet in Hoogeveen, Drenthe, Netherlands

a hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Nieuw-Amsterdam

→ English: New Amsterdam

* (colony) Compound of nieuw (“new”) + Amsterdam (Dutch port city in Holland).
* (Drenthe) First attested as Nieuw Amsterdam in 1853. Compound of nieuw (“new”) + Amsterdam. The settlement was constructed by a company from Amsterdam. See also Dutch Low Saxon Nei-Amsterdam.

New Amsterdam, the Dutch colony on the North American East Coast which later became British as New York (renamed after an English city)

a village in Emmen, Drenthe, Netherlands


Amstel

From Middle Dutch amestelle. The second element is stelle (“place, position”).

Aemstel (alternative)
Amestelle (alternative)

a poetic metonym for Amsterdam, which lies on the river and is named after it


Zwarte Woud

/ˌzʋɑr.tə ˈʋɑu̯t/

Literally, “Black Woods”. Compare German Schwarzwald.

Hoe ging Sara's rit door het Zwarte Woud?

How did Sarah's ride through the Black Forest go?

the Black Forest, a major woodland in southwestern Germany


Dalmatië

From Middle Dutch dalmatien, from Latin Dalmatia.

Dalmatia (a historical region of Croatia, on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea)

(historical) Dalmatia (a province of the Roman Empire)


Habsburg

m the Habsburg castle in Aargau (northern Switzerland)

n the Habsburg noble family named after it


Saintes

a city in the southeastern French département Charente-Maritime, the former capital of the Saintonge province

a French Catholic diocese named after the above, its see

a French arrondissement named after the above, its capital

(in the plural) a small French Caribbean island chain in the Leeward Islands, a dependency of Guadeloupe


Istanboel

Istanbul (alternative)
Stamboel (alternative)


van den Eijnde

a surname, meaning 'of the end', indicating dwelling at the end of a geographical spot. By example: end of the road or village


van der Asdonk

a surname, typically from the Dutch province Northern-Brabant. A donk is a small sandy hill and as is the Dutch word for 'ash', hence the meaning of the surname is 'from the small sandy hill with ash'


Miek

a diminutive of the female given name Maria [=Mary]


Josepha

a female given name, equivalent to English Josephine


Josefien

Josefine (alternative)
Jozefien (alternative)
Jozefine (alternative)


Marietje

a diminutive of the female given name Marie


Panamakanaal

From Panama (“Latin American country”) + kanaal (“canal”), calque of English Panama Canal (then still referring to hypothetical projects). First attested in the late 1850s.


Esculaap

From Middle Dutch esculapius, from Latin Aesculapius, from Ancient Greek Ἀσκληπιός (Asklēpiós).

Aesculapius, the Greco-Roman god of healing


Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea

From Papoea (“Papua”) + Nieuw-Guinea (“New Guinea”).

af

Papoea-Nieuw-Guinea deelt een enorm eiland met de Indonesische provincie Irian Jaya, dat z'n westelijke buur is
Papua New Guinea shares a huge island with the Indonesian privince Irian Jaya, which is its western neighbour

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691


Saudi-Arabië

From the Arabic given name (Saud) (notably the dynasty's progenitor) + Arabië 'Arabia'.

Saudi Arabia (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


Béarn

Béarn (a geographic area and former province in the current Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, Occitania, France)


Bims

Ik heb tien jaar in de Bims gewoond.

(informal, humorous) synonym of Bijlmermeer


Goedele

a female given name, a diminutive of Gudula


Goele

a female given name, a diminutive of Goedele


Lieve

a female given name, diminutive of Godelieve


Veerletje

a female given name, a diminutive of Veerle


Basiel

a male given name, a diminutive of Basilius, the Latin form of Basil


Renaat

a male given name, a diminutive of Renatus, the Latin of René


Waal

From Proto-Germanic *Wahalaz, *Wahaliz, attested in Latin sources as vacalus, vahalis.

the Waal (a river and distributary of the Rhine that runs through the provinces of Gelderland and South Holland, Netherlands)


Waal

Derived from a variant of wiel (“kolk lake”).

a hamlet in Molenlanden, South Holland, Netherlands


Waals

From Middle Dutch walsch, waalsch, from Old Dutch *walisc, from Proto-West Germanic *walhisk, from Proto-Germanic *walhiskaz.
Cognate with German welsch, English Welsh, Danish vælsk.


Beiers

the (High) German dialect group Bavarian, spoken in Bavaria


Egeïsche Zee

De Egeïsche Zee is een mijnenveld van territoriale betwistigen tussen oeverstaten Griekenland en Turkije betreffende Egeïsche eilanden en omliggende wateren.

The Aegean Sea is a minefield of territorial disputes between the coastal states Greece and Turkey concerning Aegean islands and their surrounding waters.

the Aegean Sea, the northeastern part of the Mediterranean Sea


Voer

a minor tributary of the river Maas (Meuse)


Adriatische Zee

the Adriatic Sea, part of the Mediterranean stretching from the Ionian Sea to the Gulf of Venice


Wodan

Learned borrowing from Old High German Wōdan, from Proto-Germanic *Wōdanaz. Cognate with Old English and Old Saxon Woden, German Wotan, and Old Norse Óðinn. The native Dutch Woen is rare (and not inherited) as a simplex, but was preserved through inheritance in compounds, such as woensdag and toponyms like Woensdrecht.

lbor

the Germanic chief god; Wotan, Odin or Woden


Filomena

From Ancient Greek Φιλομήνη (Philomḗnē).

Filomeen (alternative)
Philomeen (alternative)
Philomena (alternative)

a female given name from Ancient Greek, equivalent to English Philomena


Noor

Shortening of Eleonoor, from Provençal Aliénor, perhaps of Arabic or Ancient Greek origin. Variant of Nora. More at Eleanor. Also see Aenor.

a female given name, equivalent to English Nora (from Eleonora)


Kanaal

From kanaal (“canal, channel”) (which see), ultimately from Latin canālis (“canal, channel”), from canna (“reed, cane”) + -ālis.

the English Channel or Strait of Dover, the North Sea strait between England and France


Nauw van Kales

Nauw van Calais (alternative Netherlands)

(chiefly Belgium) the English Channel or Strait of Dover, the North Sea strait between Dover (England) and Calais (France)


Katanga

Democratic Republic of the Congo#English

a region in the southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, originally conquered by the Congo Free State (owned by the Belgian king, not his European state) but administered as a corporate mining concession

since 1910, an autonomous part of the Belgian colony Congo

since 1933, a regular province, until 1947 however named after its capital: Elisabethstad in Dutch or Elisabethville in French

in 1960 a unilaterally declared independent state; in 1961-63 reconquered by Congo and reorganized in three provinces until 1966; renamed Shaba 1972-1997 as part of president Mobutu's Zairization


Tinus

A procope of the male given name Martinus or Martijn.

Je ziet Tinus nu nooit meer op zijn BSA rijden.

You never see Tinus driving on his BSA anymore nowadays.


Abeltje

a male given name, a diminutive or hypocoristic form of Abel


Adaemkin

a male given name and diminutive of Adaem, Adam


Joris

→ French: Georis

a male given name, equivalent to English George


Kaap de Goede Hoop

Cape of Good Hope
Cape of Good Hope#English:_Q4092

Cape of Good Hope (a headland in southwestern South Africa, near Cape Town)


Sicilië

Ultimately from Latin Sicilia, from Ancient Greek Σικελία (Sikelía).

Sicily (the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, an autonomous region of Italy, close to Africa and separated from Tunisia and Libya by the Strait of Sicily)


Silezië

Borrowed from German Schlesien, subsequently altered under influence of Latin Silesia.

Silesia (a cultural region of Central Europe, now chiefly in Poland, with small portions in the Czech Republic and Germany, from early modernity until 1945 predominantly German-speaking with Slavic-speaking minorities (and local majorities))


Oudengels

/ˈɑu̯tɛŋəls/

(linguistics) Old English, Anglo-Saxon (language)


Karelisch

Het Karelisch is een Finse taal


Nederlanden

Literally, “Netherlands, Low Countries”.

Low Countries, Benelux (a historical region of Western Europe, consisting of the countries on low-lying land around the delta of the Rhine, Scheldt, and Meuse (Maas) rivers, specifically Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg)

Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden


Karabach

Karabakh (Armenian speaking region in the Caucasus)


Nova Zembla

Borrowed from Russian Но́вая Земля́ (Nóvaja Zemljá).

bor

Но́вая Земля́


Handelingen

Handelingen van de apostelen
Handelingen van de apostelen#Dutch

clipping of Handelingen van de apostelen (“Acts of the Apostles”)

Handelingen der Apostelen
Handelingen der Apostelen#Dutch

clipping of Handelingen der Apostelen (“Acts of the Apostles”)


Anouk

From French Anouk, popularised by actress Anouk Aimée, who adopted the name after her role in the film La Maison sous la mer (1947). Prior to that there is little evidence of such a name, though it has been said to be a northern French or Breton diminutive of Anne. Compare Annick.


Beieren

Bavaria (a historic region, former duchy, former kingdom, and modern state of Germany; the modern state includes parts of historical Swabia and Franconia as well as historical Bavaria)


Eliene

(rare) a female given name, variant of Eline


Etruskisch

Likely borrowed, ultimately from Latin Etruscus. Equivalent to Etrusk + -isch.


VARA

abbreviation of Vereeniging van Arbeiders Radio Amateurs, a Dutch public broadcasting association, now merged with BNN


Maurits

a male given name, equivalent to English Morris


Maximiliaan

a male given name, equivalent to English Maximilian


Kaapstad

Compound of kaap (“cape”) + stad (“city, town”), referring to Kaap de Goede Hoop (“Cape of Good Hope”).


Maris

First attested as groitmaris in 1402. Derived from Proto-Germanic *mariska- (“land next to water, swampland, pasture”). The toponym was later reinterpreted as Middle Dutch marasc (“wetland, swamp”).

inh

a hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Ineke

Diminutive of Ine, a Germanic female given name, or ien, the West Frisian and Dutch Low Saxon word for "one."


Rogier

From Middle Dutch Rogier, from Old French Rogier and Latin Rogerius, from Proto-West Germanic *Hrōþigaiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *Hrōþigaizaz. Doublet of Rutger.


barok

→ Indonesian: barok

→ Papiamentu: baròk

Borrowed from French baroque, from Portuguese barroco.


Kogge

a neighbourhood of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands


Linden

First attested as lynen in 1400. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from the dative plural form of linde (“linden, Tilia sp.”) or from a hydronym. Compare Lienden, Lijnden, Linne and Linschoten.

a village and former municipality of Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Kaapprovincie

Compound of kaap (“cape (as in Kaap de Goede Hoop (“Cape of Goof Hope”))”) + provincie (“province”).

compound

cape (as in <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">Kaap de Goede Hoop</i> (“Cape of Goof Hope”))

a province of South Africa; capital: Cape Town

one of four constitutive provinces in the colonial and Apartheid era

one of more after the dismantling of Apartheid


Frans-Guyana

French Guiana
French Guiana#English:_Q3769

administrative region
administrative region

French Guiana (an overseas department and administrative region of France in South America)


Lombok

Borrowed from Indonesian Lombok.
All neighbourhoods are named after the island in Indonesia, either directly or indirectly.

an island of the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia

a neighborhood of Arnhem, Gelderland, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Brummen, Gelderland, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands


Buchten

First attested as Butines in 1031. Derived from dialectal buchten (“enclosure, enclosed pasture”). Compare Grevenbicht and Obbicht.
See also Limburgish Buchte.

a village in Sittard-Geleen, Limburg, Netherlands


West-Australië

Western Australia
Western Australia#English:_Q3206

Western Australia (a state of Australia, occupying the western third of the continent; a former British colony until 1901)


Surinaams

(Netherlands, proscribed in Suriname) Sranan Tongo (language)


Aranees

Aranese (Gascon dialect spoken in Spain)


Frygisch

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Φρῠγῐκός (Phrŭgĭkós). Equivalent to Frygië + -isch.

Phrygian (extinct Indo-European language spoken in Anatolia)


Oudnederlands

Men noemt deze dialecten [...] pas vanaf de 8ste eeuw Oudnederlands omdat men aanneemt dat ze eerst omstreeks die tijd op een aantal belangrijke punten zijn gaan verschillen van de andere Oudwest-Germaanse talen. Het eindpunt van het Oudnederlands, dat tevens als beginpunt van het Middelnederlands geldt, wordt rond het midden van de 12de eeuw gesitueerd.

2005, Guy Janssens & Ann Marynissen, Het Nederlands vroeger en nu, 2nd ed., Leuven (België), (1st ed. 2003), p. 47

Het is gebruikelijk om te beginnen bij het zogenaamde Oudnederlands, dat gesproken werd vanaf ongeveer de achtste eeuw. [...] Op het Oudnederlands volgde het Middelnederlands, dat gesproken werd in de late Middeleeuwen, vanaf ongeveer midden twaalfde tot eind vijftiende eeuw.

2021, Esther Ruigendijk, Marijke De Belder, Ankelien Schippers, Inleiding Nederlandse taalkunde: Voor aankomende neerlandici intra en extra muros, section 2.6 Een zeer beknopte geschiedenis van het Nederlands


Eckart

First attested as curtim apud tongerle dictam eykart in 1312. Compound of Middle Dutch eek (“oak, Quercus sp.”) and aard (“agricultural land, farmland”). Formerly an independent hamlet.

a neighbourhood of Eindhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands


GL

GreenLeft, a left-wing green political party in the Netherlands


Sinterklaas

→ English: Santa Claus

→? Saterland Frisian: Sunderkloas

1984, Het Goede Doel (Henk Westbroek and Henk Temming), Sinterklaas (song)

At Easter I think of Sinterklaas and I send him a card, I ask him how he is and greet his horse too.

Met Paas denk ik aan Sinterklaas en stuur ik hem een kaart, ik vraag hem hoe het met hem gaat en groet gelijk zijn paard.

Sinterklaas (Saint Nicholas in a folkloric incarnation, who (in the Low Countries and other parts of Europe) gives presents to children on December 5 or 6)


Kerstman

alternative letter-case form of kerstman


Sint-Nicolaas

Saint Nicholas of Myra, patron saint of Amsterdam and of children


Dronten

Attested as Dronten in 1950. Named after a former area near Kampen, which in turn probably derives from Middle Dutch dronten (“swell up, rise up”), here referring to alluvial land.

inh

Meronyms: Biddinghuizen, Ketelhaven, Roggebotsluis, Swifterbant

Dronten (a village and municipality of Flevoland, Netherlands)


Nigeriaan

nl-noun

Nigeriaan m (plural Nigerianen, diminutive Nigeriaantje n, feminine Nigeriaanse)

Nigerianen (plural)
Nigeriaantje (diminutive neuter)
Nigeriaanse (feminine)


Nigeriaanse

a female person from Nigeria; feminine form of Nigeriaan


Messias

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μεσσίας (Messías).


Ruinen

First attested as de runa in 1139. Etymology unknown. Proposed derivations from Old Dutch *rûne (“small valley”), a hydronym or a personal name all fail to provide a satisfactory etymology.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Rune.

unk

unknown

a village and former municipality of De Wolden, Drenthe, Netherlands


Nieuwjaar

Negerhollands: nieuwe jaar

→ Munsee: niwuyaal


Hollands

From Middle Dutch hollandsch. By surface analysis, Holland + s.

Hollandsch (alternative obsolete)
Hollantsch (alternative obsolete)

(chiefly Belgium, proscribed) Netherlandic Dutch


Schoten

First attested as scatan in 1125-1130. Derived from the dative plural form of Old Dutch skōta (“piece of land which juts upwards”).

inh

a neighbourhood and former municipality of Haarlem, North Holland, Netherlands


Marken

First attested as markerhoefde in 1345. Derived from the plural form of Middle Dutch marke (“border, borderland”) (modern mark).

a village, former island, and former municipality of Waterland, North Holland, Netherlands


Marken

Marche (an administrative region in central Italy)


Rosengarten

First attested as Rosen Garten in 1838-1857. Derived from German Rosengarten (“rose garden”). Named after a farmhouse.

a hamlet in Sittard-Geleen, Limburg, Netherlands


Belfort

Derived from belfort (“belfry, clock tower”).

a neighbourhood of Maastricht, Limburg, Netherlands


IFA

initialism of Internationaal Fonetisch Alfabet; IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet)


Peel

a region of the Netherlands located in Noord-Brabant and Limburg


Meierij

a region of the Netherlands located south of 's-Hertogenbosch


Zwarte Piet

I make a kind of joke about Black Pete’s sack, but the Saint is apparently too busy then, because I don't get an answer.

Ik maak een soort van grapje over de zak van Zwarte Piet, maar Sint heeft het dan blijkbaar druk want antwoord krijg ik niet.

Black Peter, the companion of Sinterklaas (Saint Nicholas)


ABW

Algemene bijstandswet
Algemene bijstandswet#Dutch


SGP

Initialism of Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij.

init

Reformed Political Party, a conservative orthodox Protestant political party in the Netherlands


Haspel

First attested as HASPEL (DE) in 1844. Derived from haspel (“yarn winch”). Named after a winch-shaped bend made by the nearby Grift river.

Utrechtse Heuvelrug
Utrechtse Heuvelrug#English

a hamlet in Utrechtse Heuvelrug, Utrecht, Netherlands


Pergamum

Borrowed from Latin Pergamum, from Ancient Greek Πέργαμον (Pérgamon).


Hagenees

/ˌɦaː.ɣəˈneːs/

From Haag (“(The) Hague”) + -en- + -ees (“-ese”).

af

the lect spoken by lower-class people from The Hague


Insulinde

Coined by Eduard Douwes Dekker in his novel Max Havelaar.

Dutch East Indies
Dutch East Indies#English:_Q188161

(historical, poetic) Dutch East Indies (a former Dutch colony in modern-day Indonesia, existing from 1800 to 1949)


Haarlem

→ English: Harlem

From Middle Dutch Haerlem, from Old Dutch [Term?]. First attested as haralem in 918-948. Compound of the personal name Old Dutch Harala or Old Dutch *Harila and hēm (“home, settlement”).

Meronyms: Spaarndam-West, Zuid-Schalkwijk

Haarlem (a city, municipality, and capital of North Holland, Netherlands)


Beëlzebub

Negerhollands: beelzebul

Borrowed from Latin Beelzebūb, from Ancient Greek Βεελζεβούλ (Beelzeboúl) and Hebrew בַּעַל זְבוּב (ba‘al-z'vúv, “lord of flies”).

der

בַּעַל זְבוּב


Austronesisch

Borrowed from German Austronesisch. Coined by Wilhelm Schmidt; from Latin auster (“south wind”) + Ancient Greek νῆσος (nêsos, “island”) + -isch.


Saksen

Saxen (alternative)
Sassen (alternative archaic)

Saxony (a state of modern Germany, located in the east, far from historical Saxon lands)

Saxony (a historical region and former duchy in north-central Germany)


Here

From here / heere, now-obsolete forms of heer (“lord”).


Frits

Borrowed from German Fritz, diminutive of Friedrich (“Frederick”).


Bandung

Bandung (a city, the provincial capital of West Java, Indonesia)


Margriet

From margriet (“oxeye daisy, Leucanthemum vulgare”).

a female given name meaning “Daisy”, equivalent to English Margaret


Troje

From Middle Dutch Troie, from Latin Trōia, from Ancient Greek Τροίᾱ (Troíā).


Romein

From Middle Dutch romein, from Old French Romain, from Latin rōmānus.


Rode Kruis

Het Rode Kruis biedt hulp in noodsituaties.

The Red Cross provides aid in emergencies.

Ze is vrijwilliger bij het Rode Kruis.

Het Rode Kruis organiseert bloeddonaties.

The Red Cross organizes blood donations.


Gallisch

Gaulish (ancient Celtic language spoken in Gaul and other parts of Europe)


Gallië

(chiefly historical) Gaul (a historical region of Western Europe referring to areas occupied by Celts during Roman times, roughly corresponding to modern France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, and parts of Northern Italy (Lombardy), the Netherlands, and Germany west of the Rhine)


Numidië

(historical) Numidia (a historical region and ancient Berber kingdom located in North Africa, initially situated in modern Algeria but later expanding into Tunisia and Libya)

(historical) Numidia (a former province of the Roman Empire, approximately located in modern northeastern Algeria)


Numidisch

Numidian (language spoken by the inhabitants of the ancient kingdom in modern day Algeria)


hervorming

/ˌɦɛrˈvɔr.mɪŋ/

(history, Protestantism, definite article) Reformation


Angelsaksisch

From Angel + Saksisch, perhaps a calque.


Beringzee

From Bering + zee. Named after Vitus Bering.


Anneke

a diminutive of the female given name Anne


Annelies

a female given name: compound of Anne and Lies


Pruisisch

Prussian (extinct Western Baltic language)


Breukelen

→ English: Brooklyn

First attested as bruklede in 1130-1161. Compound of Old Dutch bruok (“marsh, marshland”) and lētha (“excavated or canalised watercourse”).

a village and former municipality of Stichtse Vecht, Utrecht, Netherlands


Batavia

Javindo: Batafia

Petjo: Betawie

→ Caribbean Javanese: Betawi, mBetawi

→ Danish: Batavia

→ English: Batavia

→ French: Batavia

→ Indonesian: Batavia, Betawi

desc

→ Javanese: ꦧꦠꦮꦶ (Batawi), ꦧꦼꦠꦮꦶ (Betawi)

→ Peranakan Indonesian: Betawi

→ Sundanese: Batawi

From Latin Batavia, from Proto-Germanic *Batawjō. Doublet of Betuwe.

(historical) former name of Jakarta, used during the Dutch East Indies period


Hendriks

Hendrikse (alternative)
Hendriksen (alternative)
Hendriksse (alternative)
Hendrikssen (alternative)
Hendriksz (alternative)
Hendricks (alternative)
Hendrickse (alternative)
Hendricksen (alternative)
Hendrickssen (alternative)
Hendricksz (alternative)
Hendrix (alternative)

From Hendrik + -s (“patronymic suffix”).


halacha

der

Hebrew הֲלָכָה


Hottentottententoonstelling

Renowned event of the 19th century. Sarah Baartman, a female South African Khoikhoi, was advertised as the "Hottentot Venus" and exhibited in European capitals before ending up at the Paris Museum of Natural History. The striking alliteration of the expression in Dutch ensured that the souvenir of the event remained in the collective memory.
Compound of Hottentotten + tentoonstelling.


Buren

* (Gelderland) First attested as buria in 772. Derived from Proto-Germanic *bûrja- (“stable, outbuilding, barn, hut”). Compare Old Frisian bêre (“barn, house”).
* (Friesland) Potentially attested as buren around the end of the 11th century, attested with certainty as buren in 1245. Borrowed from West Frisian Buren, derived from the dative plural form of Old Frisian buer (“house, cottage”). See also West Frisian Bueren.
* (Overijssel) First attested as buren in 1188. Derived from the dative plural form of Middle Dutch buur (“dwelling, cottage”).

inh

Meronyms: Aalst, Asch, Beusichem, Bontemorgen, Buurmalsen, De Bosjes, De Heuvel, De Mars, Eck en Wiel, Erichem, Essebroek, Ganzert, Hoog Kana, Hoogmeien, Ingen, Kerk-Avezaath, Klinkenberg, Leutes, Lienden, Luchtenburg, Lutterveld, Maurik, Meerten, Meertenwei, Ommeren, Ommerenveld, Ravenswaaij, Rijswijk, Tweesluizen, Zandberg, Zevenmorgen, Zoelen, Zoelmond, Zwarte Paard

Buren (a city and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)

a village in Ameland, Friesland, Netherlands

a hamlet in Hengelo, Overijssel, Netherlands


Mantsjoerije

Manchuria (a historical region of northeastern China comprising the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang and the northeastern part of Inner Mongolia)


Sjanghai

Shanghai (a major port city and direct-administered municipality of China, the largest urban area in China)


Eindhoven

First attested as endehouen in 1232. Derived from a compound of eind (“end, edge”) and the dative plural form of hof (“farmstead, homestead”).

Meronyms: Acht, Blaarthem, Bokt, Gennep, Gestel, Nieuw Acht, Philipsdorp, Riel, Sliffert, Strijp, 't Coll, Tongelre, Urkhoven, Woensel

Eindhoven (a city and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Volksrepubliek China

People's Republic of China#English:_Q148

People's Republic of China (official name of China: a country in East Asia)


Culturele Revolutie

Cultural Revolution (authoritarian Maoist movement of the 1960s and 1970s in China)


Bevrijdingsdag

Liberation Day, i.e. VE Day (Victory in Europe day): celebrated as a holiday on May 5th in the Netherlands


Tsjecho-Slowakije

Afrikaans: Tsjeggo-Slowakye


Tsjechoslowakije

Czechoslovakia (a former country in Central Europe, now the Czech Republic and Slovakia)


Indo-Europees

From Indo- + Europees, probably calqued.

Indo-European, the Indo-European language family


Parthië

(historical) Parthia, Parthian Empire (a former empire in Central Asia and West Asia, ruled by dynasts from Parthia; the Parthian Empire; the Arsacid Empire)

(historical) Parthia (a region in northeastern Iran)


Scythië

(historical) Scythia (a geographic region encompassing the Pontic-Caspian steppe in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, inhabited by nomadic Scythians from at least the 11th century BCE to the 2nd century CE)


Platduits

From plat (“flat”) + Duits (“German”). So named because it was/is spoken in the relatively flat areas of northwest Europe.


Leger des Heils

From leger (“army”) and the genitive of heil (“salvation”).


Oranje

From Middle French Orange, which later became associated with the colour oranje (“orange”).
The village in Drenthe is first attested as Oranje in 1936. It was named after a nearby potato flour factory, which was named in turn after the nearby Oranjekanaal canal. Compare Oranjedorp.

(historical) Orange, a principality in France, historically one of the primary fiefs of the house of Orange-Nassau

a village in Midden-Drenthe, Drenthe, Netherlands

(sports) a national sports team of the Netherlands, especially the soccer team


OLV

initialism of Onze Lieve Vrouw (“Our Beloved Lady”)


Helden

First attested as apud helden in 1144. Derived from Old Dutch helde (“slope, incline”).

a village and former municipality of Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Rossum

* (Gelderland) First attested as in rotheheym in 893. Compound of Old Dutch rotha (“land cleared of trees”) and heem (“home, settlement”).
* (Overijssel) First attested as in rohthem in the late 10th century. Compound of Old Dutch rot (“land cleared of trees”) and heem (“home, settlement”).

a village and former municipality of Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands

a village in Dinkelland, Overijssel, Netherlands


van Rossum

→ English: Van Rossum, Rossum

a surname transferred from the place name


Midden-Oosten

(geopolitics) Middle East (the geopolitical region at the intersection of Asia, Africa and Europe, comprising West Asia excluding the South Caucasus and additionally including all of Egypt and all of Turkey)


Bissen

First attested as Beisen in 1803-1820. Etymology unknown. Not derived from Old Dutch Bisso (a personal name).
See also Limburgish Bisse.

unk

unknown

a hamlet in Gulpen-Wittem, Limburg, Netherlands


UU

Audio

Bij de UU zijn ze geschrokken over de ophef.

2019 June 2, Peter Koop, “Universiteit Utrecht is helemaal niet te wit”, in AD:

At the UU they were startled by the uproar.

Universiteit Utrecht
w:Utrecht University


Bondsrepubliek Duitsland

Audio

Calque of German Bundesrepublik Deutschland.

calque

Federal Republic of Germany#English:_Q713750

(1949–1990) Federal Republic of Germany (official name of West Germany: a former country in Central Europe)

Federal Republic of Germany#English:_Q183

(1990–today) Federal Republic of Germany (official name of Germany: a country in Central Europe, reunified with the former East Germany)


Epen

First attested as apine in 1041. Likely derived from Old Dutch *apa (“river, current”). A derivation from iep (“elm, Ulmus sp.”) is less likely.
See also Limburgish Ieëpe.

a village in Gulpen-Wittem, Limburg, Netherlands


Noordrijn-Westfalen

North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia


Mecklenburg-Voor-Pommeren

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania


Jan met de pet

Jan ('John', extremely common first name) + met de pet ('with the cap').

Gebruiksaanwijzingen moeten zo geformuleerd zijn dat Jan met de pet ze snapt.

Instructions must be phrased so that any Joe Average can understand them.

(idiomatic) John Q. Public, Joe Average, a hypothetical individual personification of the common man (or person, by extension)


Verweggistan

From ver weg (“far away”) + -stan, calque from English Faroffistan. First coined in Donald Duck magazine in the late 50s by Carl Fallberg. Cf. Danish Langtbortistan, Swedish Långtbortistan.

a proverbially obscure, far away country; Timbuktu, Outer Mongolia


Nergenshuizen

From nergens (“nowhere”) + -huizen (“houses”) (common suffix for place names).

a hypothetical average village in the middle of nowhere. Roughly translates to 'Nowhereville'


Klaas Vaak

From Klaas (“Nicholas”) + vaak (“sleepiness”).


Sint-Petersburg

Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg#English:_Q656

Saint Petersburg (a federal city of Russia, known between 1914 and 1924 as Petrograd and between 1924 and 1991 as Leningrad; the former capital of Russia, from 1713–1728 and 1732–1918)


Denpasar

Denpasar (a city, the provincial capital of Bali, Indonesia)


Melis

Variant of Millis, which is both from Milheeze in North Brabant and shortened from the Latin names like Amilius, Amelis, Aemilius.


Bargoens

Probably from French baragouin (“nonsense, gibberish”)


Werelddierendag

From wereld (“world”) + dierendag (“animal day”).


Sint Maarten

* (island and country) Named after Saint Martin of Tours.
* (village) First attested as niwelant in 1289. Named after Saint Martin of Tours.

Sint-Maarten (alternative)
Sunt Maarten (alternative)
Sunt-Mart (alternative)

Sint Maarten
Sint Maarten#English:_Q26273

Sint Maarten (a dependent territory and constituent country of the Netherlands, located on the southern half of the island of Saint Martin in the Caribbean Sea)

a village and former municipality of Schagen, North Holland, Netherlands


Scandinavië

Scandinavia (a geographic region of Northern Europe, consisting of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden collectively and sometimes Finland, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands)

Scandinavian Peninsula
Scandinavian Peninsula#English

Scandinavia (a peninsula in Northern Europe, consisting of Norway, Sweden and most of northern Finland; in full, Scandinavian Peninsula)


Srebrenica

Nederlandse troepen hadden in het kader van de Verenigde Naties in een aantal gebieden rond de stad Srebrenica de veiligheid van de (overwegend uit moslims bestaande) bevolkering tijdens de Bosnische burgeroorlog moeten waarborgen, maar zij hadden in 1995 niet weten te verhinderen dat duizenden moslims door (christelijke) Servische Bosniërs werden vermoord. […] Kok wilde met zijn aftreden 'op een zichtbare manier verantwoordelijkheid nemen tegenover de slachtoffers en nabestaanden van Srebrenica'.

2006, Parlement en kiezer: jaarboek zittingsjaar, G. G. J. Thissen, →ISBN, page 213:

In a number of areas around the town of Srebrenica, Dutch troops under a United Nations framework were supposed to ensure the safety of the population (consisting predominantly of Muslims) during the Bosnian civil war, but in 1995 they were not able to prevent thousands of Muslims being murdered by (Christian) Serbian Bosnians. […] Kok wanted, by his resignation, to "in a visible way take responsibility towards the victims and survivors of Srebrenica".

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina#English

Srebrenica (a town in Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Ede

Potentially attested as in uilla heoa in 838, attested with certainty as de edhe in 1216. Difficult to interpret. Proposed derivations from a hydronym Ee (derived in turn from aa (“watercourse”)), heide (“heath, heathland”), Old Dutch Edo (a personal name) and ede (“turf”) either do not match the oldest attestations or are phonologically or morphologically unsatisfactory. Compare Eede, Een and Oud-Ade.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Ee.

Meronyms: Bennekom, Deelen, De Ginkel, De Kade, De Klomp, De Kraats, De Valk, Doesburgerbuurt, Driesprong, Ederveen, Eschoten, Harskamp, Hoekelum, Hoog-Baarlo, Lunteren, Manen, Meulunteren, Mossel, Nederwoud, Nergena, Nieuw-Reemst, Otterlo, Oud-Reemst, Overwoud, Roekel, Walderveen, Wekerom, Westeneng

Ede (a city and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Ieper

First mentioned by name in 1066; probably named after the river Ieperlee, on the banks of which it was founded.

Ieperen (alternative obsolete)
IJperen (alternative obsolete)
Yperen (alternative obsolete)

Meronyms: Boezinge, Brielen, Dikkebus, Elverdinge, Hollebeke, Sint-Jan, Vlamertinge, Voormezele, Zillebeke, Zuidschote


Duffel

From Middle Dutch 1059 Duffla, from Latin dubro + locus (“place”), from Gaulish dubrum, from Proto-Celtic *dubros (“water”).

Meronyms: Itterbeek, Mijlstraat


K.v.K.

initialism of Kamer van Koophandel: Chamber of Commerce

Kinderen voor Kinderen
w:Kinderen voor Kinderen


Alberts

Aelberts (alternative)
Aalberts (alternative)


Antifa

Antifa (decentralized militant left-wing anti-fascist movement)


Piet

Hier in huis heten de mensen gewoon Piet, Kees, Nel en Ans en geen Storm, Vlinder, Felicity of Zwaard van de Islam. Wij zijn allemaal geboren ver voor de tijd dat ouders in de naamgeving van hun kinderen willen laten zien hoe origineel en modern ze wel niet zijn. Met alle gevaren van dien. Heb je je dochter Vlinder genoemd en dan blijkt ze zich te ontpoppen tot een slome papperige vetzak. Die kan dan toch maar beter Ans heten.

2014, Hendrik Groen, Pogingen iets van het leven te maken, Meulenhoff Boekerij B.V., →ISBN:

Here in this house, people are just simply called Piet, Kees, Nel and Ans, and not Storm, Butterfly, Felicity, or Sword of Islam. We are all born long before the time that parents want to show with how they name their children how original and modern they are. With all the dangers that entails. You'd named your daughter Butterfly, and then she turns out to be sluggish, mushy fatty. Then they'd just better been named Ans.


Jans

alternative form of Jansen, a common surname originating as a patronymic


Henk en Ingrid

/ˈɦɛŋk ɛn ˈɪŋ.ɣrɪt/

From the given names Henk and Ingrid. Popularised by Geert Wilders.

the stereotypical autochthonous Dutch common folks


Ali en Fatima

From the given names Ali and Fatima. Popularised by Geert Wilders.

the stereotypical allochthonous Dutch commoners


Harm

a diminutive of the male given name Herman, from Low German, meaning “army man”


Meeren

First attested as in de Meeren in 1803, from the plural form of meer (“lake, pool”).

a hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Achterhoeks

a lect of Netherlands, a dialect of Dutch Low Saxon


Hylke

Borrowed from West Frisian Hylke, from Hild.

a male or female given name from West Frisian


Jalta

From Ukrainian Я́лта (Jálta) / Russian Я́лта (Jálta).


Michiel

a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Michael


Nijmegen

From Middle Dutch Nieumeghen, Nimeghen, from Latin Noviomagus, the short form of Ulpia Noviomagus Batavōrum. Compare Neumagen.

Nimmegen (alternative)
Nimwegen (alternative)
Nimwèège (alternative dialectal)

Meronyms: Koudenhoek, Lent, Ooyse Schependom

Nijmegen (a city and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Moezel

From Old High German Muosela or directly from Old Dutch [Term?], from Latin Mosella. For the vocalism, compare other Franconian lects, e.g. Luxembourgish Musel.

Moselle (a left tributary of Rhine, flowing through the departments of Vosges, Meurthe-et-Moselle and Moselle in northeastern France, through Luxembourg, and through the states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Germany)


Rhijn

[M]et een heerlijk uitzicht op den Rhijn en zijne oevers, […]

1861, Jan Jacob Lodewijk ten Kate, Langs den Rhijn, Sythoff, 20


Thijs

a diminutive of the male given name Matthijs, equivalent to English Matt


Diets

From Middle Dutch dietsch, from Old Dutch *thiudisc, from Proto-West Germanic *þiudisk, from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz, from *þeudō (“people, nation”), from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂ (“people”). Doublet of Duits.

(obsolete) the "German", or continental West Germanic languages (often excluding Frisian)


Veluwe

* (region) Derived from Proto-Germanic *falwaz (“pale, yellowish, fallow”) and *awjō (“island”). The name corresponds to "fallow lands" in English and probably was used in opposition to the fertile "good lands" of the Betuwe (from Proto-Germanic *bataz (“good”) and *awjō (“island”)) to the south.
* (Maasdriel) First attested as de Veluwe in 1958. A mocking nickname applied to the sandy area on which the hamlet sprung up.

inh

an area and natural reserve located in the province of Gelderland, the Netherlands

a hamlet in Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands


Schiphol

The word Sciphol first appears in old documents from around 1450 and refers to a specific marshy area where people could go to gather wood, on which Schiphol Airport was eventually built. Schip Holl dates from the 15th century and combines the Gothic words ‘Skip’ (meaning wood, timber) and Holl (low-lying land).https://news.schiphol.com/the-origin-of-schiphol/

Schiphol, the airport of the city of Amsterdam, and the main international airport of the Netherlands


PvdA

initialism of Partij van de Arbeid; Labour Party, a left-wing social-democratic party in the Netherlands


initialism of Democraten '66; Democrats 66, a social liberal political party in the Netherlands


VVD

From Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie.

initialism of Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie; People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, a conservative liberal political party in the Netherlands


PVV

(Dutch politics) initialism of Partij Voor de Vrijheid (“Party for Freedom”), a conservative populist political party in the Netherlands

Partij Voor de Vrijheid

(historical, Belgian politics) initialism of Partij Voor Vrijheid en Vooruitgang (“Party for Freedom and Progress”), a historical liberal political party in Belgium


PvdD

initialism of Partij voor de Dieren; Party for the Animals, an animal rights political party in the Netherlands


LPF

initialism of Pim Fortuyn List, a defunct political party in the Netherlands


Elfstedentocht

nl-noun

Elfstedentocht m (plural Elfstedentochten, diminutive Elfstedentochtje n)

Elfstedentochten (plural)
Elfstedentochtje (diminutive neuter)


Polynesië

Polynesia (a continental region of Oceania, including Easter Island, Hawaii, New Zealand, and most of the islands between them)


Micronesië

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós, “small”) en νῆσος (nêsos, “island”).

Micronesia (a continental region in Oceania in the northwestern Pacific Ocean)

Micronesia (a country consisting of about 2000 islands in the Micronesia region)


Melanesië

From French Mélanésie (coined by Jules Dumont d'Urville), from Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas, “dark”) + νῆσος (nêsos, “island”), referring to the skin color of the inhabitants.

Bismarck Archipelago
Bismarck Archipelago

Melanesia (a continental region of Oceania, made up of New Guinea, the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Fiji)


Tachtigjarige Oorlog

Use as an unidiomatic phrase, denoting the Eighty Year's War, originated in the late eighteenth century. The phrase became lexicalised as a proper noun over the course of the nineteenth century.

Tachtigjaarige Oorlog (alternative obsolete)


Zuid-Soedan

South Sudan (a country in East Africa, formerly the southern part of Sudan)


Kamp

* (Beekdaelen)
* (Bergen) First attested as van de Kamp in 1715. Derived from kamp (“enclosed piece of land”).
* (Flevoland) Attested as Kamp in 1994. Derived from kamp (“enclosed piece of land”).
The surname is derived from one of the senses of kamp or from one of the toponyms.

a hamlet in Beekdaelen, Limburg, Netherlands

a hamlet in Bergen, Limburg, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Lelystad, Flevoland, Netherlands


Zwitserduits

From Zwitser (“Swiss”) + Duits (“German”), possibly influenced by German Schweizerdeutsch.


Botter

Derived from botter (“type of fishing vessel”).


Beilen

First attested as bele in 1139. Etymology uncertain. Tentatively linked to Proto-Germanic *bagil- (“swamp, marsh”).

a village and former municipality of Midden-Drenthe, Drenthe, Netherlands


Ee

First attested as ee in 1450. Originally a hydronym derived from Old Frisian ē (“watercourse, stream”). The Dutch version of the toponym derives from an older version of the Frisian name.

a village and former municipality of Noardeast-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Hee

First attested as heed in the 15th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Hee, potentially derived from Old Frisian *hede (“anchorage”).

a hamlet in Terschelling, Friesland, Netherlands


Mees

As a surname it is a shortening of Bartholomew, and as a male given name it is said to be a clipping from son of Tolmai (Hebrew תלמי), itself related to Bartholomew.


Pernis

First attested as pernesse in 1250. Compound of Middle Dutch perre (“enclosed space”) and nesse (“headland, spit”).

a village and former municipality of Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands


PKN

Protestantse Kerk in Nederland
Protestantse Kerk in Nederland#Dutch

Protestant Church in the Netherlands
Protestant Church in the Netherlands

acronym of Protestantse Kerk in Nederland (Protestant Church in the Netherlands)


Tivoli

* (Eindhoven) First attested as Tivoli in 1936. Indirectly derived from Italian Tivoli. Named after a former café, which in turn was named after the Parisian Jardin de Tivoli.
* (Tilburg)

a neighbourhood of Eindhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Tilburg, North Brabant, Netherlands


Almen

First attested as almen in 1188. Likely derived from Middle Dutch olm (“elm, Ulmus”). Compare Almelo.

a village in Lochem, Gelderland, Netherlands


Well

* (Gelderland) First attested as vualli in the 10th or 11th century. Derived from Old Dutch walli (“well”) or welle.
* (Limburg) First attested with certainty as welle in 1251. Likely derived from Old Dutch welle (“well”). An opposing theory proposes a derivation from Middle Dutch welle (“embankment”).

a village in Maasdriel, Gelderland, Netherlands

a village in Bergen, Limburg, Netherlands


Huis van Afgevaardigden

House of Representatives
House of Representatives


Mostar

Mostar (a city in Bosnia and Herzegovina)


Zemfira

Borrowed from Russian Земфи́ра (Zemfíra).

Земфи́ра Земфира#Russian

A transliteration of the Russian female given name Земфи́ра (Zemfíra)


Bong

* (Peel en Maas) First attested as Boyck and Boijnct in 1506. Potentially derived from Middle Dutch boede (“cottage, shed”) suffixed with -ing.
* (Venlo) First attested as Bonger Heide in 1803-1820. Potentially derived from Middle Dutch boede (“cottage, shed”) suffixed with -ing.

a hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Genk

Meronyms: Bokrijk, Boxbergheide, Camerlo, Hoevenzavel, Kolderbos, Langerlo, Nieuw-Texas, Sledderlo, Terboekt, Termien, Waterschei, Winterslag, Zwartberg

Genk (a city and municipality of Belgium)


Tin

Attested as Tin in 1899. Etymology uncertain. Potentially derived from tinne (“battlement”) or from tin (“metal pen”), potentially referring to a tapering piece of land.

unk

uncertain

a hamlet in Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands


Brandt

First attested as de Brand in 1838-1857. Derived from brand (“place where something has burned down”).
See also Limburgish Brandj.

a hamlet in Maasgouw, Limburg, Netherlands


Nuenen

First attested as nune in 1238. Etymology unknown. A proposed derivation from a compound of nieuw (“new”) and heem (“home, settlement”) is not backed up by the oldest attestations.

unknown

Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten
Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten#English

a village in Nuenen, Gerwen en Nederwetten, North Brabant, Netherlands


's-Hertogenbosch

First attested as de nouo opido super siluam juxta orten in 1196. From older des hertogen bosch (“the duke's forest”). Attested in the 13th century Latin as buscum ducis.

Meronyms: Bokhoven, Bruggen, Deuteren, Dieskant, Empel, Engelen, Gewande, Heeseind, Hintham, Kaathoven, Kruisstraat, Lagekant, Maliskamp, Meerwijk, Nuland, Oud-Empel, Rosmalen, Schotsheuvel, Vinkel

's-Hertogenbosch (a city, municipality, and capital of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Den Bosch

den + bosch, obsolete spelling of bos (“forest, wood”).


Eersel

From Middle Dutch Eersele, from Old Dutch Ereslo (also Eresloch in a record from Echternach), a compound derived from Old Dutch *Ari (a personal name) and lō, the latter identical to modern lo (“light forest”). Compare Eerschot.

Meronyms: Bijsterveld, Boksheide, De Hees, De Hoef, Donk, Driehuis, Driehuizen, Duizel, Het Heike, Hoekdries, Hoogstraat, Knegsel, Kreiel, Maaskant, Meer, Meerven, Molenveld, Mosik, Mostheuvel, Rietven, Schadewijk, Sneidershoek, Spijkert, Steensel, Stevert, Stokkelen, Veneind, Vessem, Wintelre, Wolfshoek

a village and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands


mavo

w:nl:Middelbaar algemeen voortgezet onderwijs

(Netherlands) initialism of Middelbaar algemeen voortgezet onderwijs


Fortuna

Borrowed from Papiamentu Fortuna, derived in turn from the toponym Fortuyn, which referred to a plot of land.


Willems

→ English: Willems

Willemse (alternative)
Willemsen (alternative)
Willemsse (alternative)
Willemssen (alternative)
Willemsz (alternative)

a surname, Willems, originating as a patronymic, equivalent to English Williams


Hendrick

Variant of Hendrik, cognate with English Henry and German Heinrich.


Hendricks

From Hendrick + -s (“patronymic suffix”).

alternative form of Hendriks, a surname originating as a patronymic


Hendrix

From Hendrik + -s (“patronymic suffix”).


ALS

amyotrofische laterale sclerose
amyotrofische laterale sclerose#Dutch

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

acronym of amyotrofische laterale sclerose (“amyotrophic lateral sclerosis”)


Leek

First attested as dye leeck in 1495. Derived from Old Frisian leke (“natural watercourse”). Originally a hydronym.

der

a village and former municipality of Westerkwartier, Groningen, Netherlands


Koptisch

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Αἰγύπτῐος (Aigúptĭos).

Coptic (Egyptian language, of a stage later than Demotic)


Pinkster

(now slightly informal) alternative form of Pinksteren


Gotisch

From older Gotsch, ultimately from Latin gothicus. Equivalent to Goten + -isch.


Vedisch

Perhaps borrowed from German vedisch, Vedisch. Equivalent to Veda + -isch.


Venetisch

Likely borrowed from German Venetisch, venetisch. Equivalent to Venetië + -isch.

Venetic, an extinct Indo-European language spoken in Veneto


Murks

a lect distinguished by unusual intonation and pronunciation and deliberate grammatical errors, used by youths to imitate and mock non-native speakers who are mostly from Turkey and Morocco


Palembang

Palembang (a city, the provincial capital of South Sumatra, Indonesia)


Eredivisie

alternative spelling of eredivisie, when used as the name of a particular league


Wieb

a diminutive of the male given name Wiebrand


Nijl

Ultimately from Latin Nīlus, from Ancient Greek Νεῖλος (Neîlos), of Semitic origin.


Dode Zee

Dead Sea (a highly saline lake in Israel, Palestine and Jordan)


IJzeren Gordijn

Probably first used in a political sense by Queen Elisabeth of Belgium to describe the situation between Belgium and her country of origin Germany. The modern meaning has the same origin as its English equivalent.


Anatolië

Ultimately from Medieval Latin Anatolia, from Ancient Greek ἀνατολή (anatolḗ).


Umbrië

administrative region
administrative region

Umbria (an administrative region in central Italy)


Best

First attested as est in 1307. Etymology unknown. One proposal links the toponym to bast (“bark, rind”) with collectivising suffix -t, but it is impossible to conclusively prove or disprove this hypothetical etymology.

unk

unknown

Meronyms: Aarle, Batadorp, Vleut

a town and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands


Manen

First attested as parochia manen at the end of the 13th century. Etymology unknown. A derivation from made (“hayfield, meadow”) is not supported by the oldest attestations. A derivation from Middle Dutch maen (“poppy, Papaver sp.”) is equally unsupported.

unknown

cog

a hamlet in Ede, Gelderland, Netherlands


Kennemerland

A univerbation of Middle Dutch Kinhem, Kenhem + -er + land, meaning "land of Kenhem".


Brummen

First attested as brimnum in 794. Etymology uncertain. Perhaps a dative plural derivation from Old Dutch brim (“edge, bank”), from Proto-Germanic *brimą. A composite derivation from brim and heem (“home, settlement”) is impossible. Compare Borssele.

Meronyms: Broek, Coldenhove, Cortenoever, Eerbeek, Empe, Hall, Leuvenheim, Oeken, Rhienderen, Tonden, Voorstonden

Brummen (a village and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Slangendrager

From slang (“snake”) + drager (“carrier”).


Boogschutter

(astrology) someone with a Sagittarius star sign


Driehoek

* (Land van Cuijk) First attested as de Sambeeksche Hoek in 1838-1857. Derived from driehoek (“triangle”). Named after a triangle formed by several intersecting roads.
* (Moerdijk) First attested as den Driehoek in 1838-1857. Derived from driehoek (“triangle”). Named after a triangular piece of farmland.
* (Son en Breugel) First attested as Driehoek in 1865. Derived from driehoek (“triangle”).
* (Zundert) First attested as Driehoek (De) in 1899. Derived from driehoek (“triangle”).

a hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands

a hamlet in Moerdijk, North Brabant, Netherlands

a hamlet in Son en Breugel, North Brabant, Netherlands

a hamlet in Zundert, North Brabant, Netherlands


Veulen

First attested as Vairloe in 1590. Potentially a compound of voor (“before, in front of”) and lo (“light forest”).

a village in Venray, Limburg, Netherlands


Zuiderkroon

From zuider- (“south”) + kroon (“crown”).


Zuiderkruis

From zuider- (“south”) + kruis (“cross”).


Zuiderdriehoek

From zuider- (“south”) + driehoek (“triangle”).


Belt

Attested as De Belt in 1839-1859. Derived from dialectal belt (“small hill, slightly elevated place”).

a hamlet in Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands


Oudkerkslavisch

From oud (“old”) + kerk (“church”) + Slavisch (“Slavic, Slavonic”).


Sint Eustatius

Sint Eustatius
Sint Eustatius#English:_Q26180

Sint Eustatius (a dependent territory and special municipality of the Netherlands; an island in the northern Leeward Islands portion of the West Indies in the Caribbean)


Oud en Nieuw

Vanaf 1978 organiseerde ik deze cursussen voor jongeren op grotere schaal, met Pasen en Pinksteren, in de zomervakantie en met Oud en Nieuw.

2004, Anselm Grün, De stille weg, Lannoo Uitgeverij, page 58:

From 1978 onwards I organised these courses for adolescents on a larger scale, at Easter and Pentecost, in the summer holidays and at New Year.

the celebrations around New Year's Eve and New Year's Day


Hyundai

From English Hyundai, anglicized version of Korean 현대 (hyeondae).


Martijn

From Middle Dutch Martijn, from Old French Martin, from Latin Martinus, from Mars + -inus. Compare English Martin.

a male given name, equivalent to English Martin


AIVD

abbreviation of Algemene Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst: the General Intelligence and Security Service, the secret service of the Netherlands


ANVR

w:nl:Algemene Nederlandse Vereniging van Reisondernemingen

initialism of Algemene Nederlandse Vereniging van Reisondernemingen (Dutch Association of Travel Agents)


Warten

First attested as wartena in 1412. Borrowed from West Frisian Wartena, derived in turn from Old Frisian Wartena (a surname). Compare Warga.

a village in Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands


oud en nieuw

alternative letter-case form of Oud en Nieuw


Woold

First attested in 1284 as in silva. Derived from Old Dutch wald (“marsh forest, swamp forest”).

der

a hamlet in Winterswijk, Gelderland, Netherlands


onfrank.

abbreviation of Oudnederfrankisch (“Old Low Franconian (language)”)


ohd.

abbreviation of Oudhoogduits (“Old High German (language)”)


nhd.

abbreviation of Nieuwhoogduits (“New High German (language)”)


os.

abbreviation of Oudsaksisch (“Old Saxon (language)”)


mnd.

abbreviation of Middelnederduits (“Middle Low German (language)”)


nnd.

abbreviation of Nieuwnederduits (“New Low German (language)”)


oe.

abbreviation of Oudengels (“Old English (language)”)


me.

abbreviation of Middelengels ≡ Middle English (language)


kymr.

abbreviation of Kymrisch (“Welsh (language), Cymric (language)”)


Rande

First attested as de rathnon in 1046. Etymology uncertain. Perhaps derived from a term cognate to Old Norse rot (“row”), Middle Low German rat (“row”). Compare Ratum.

a hamlet in Deventer, Overijssel, Netherlands


Barber

Derived from Barbara (a personal name). Named after Barbare Exteen, the owner of the plantation which the village developed around.


Drents

an umbrella term for the Low Saxon dialects spoken in Drenthe


Sallands

Sallands, a Low Saxon dialect spoken in the Salland region of Overijssel


Alphons

a male given name, equivalent to English Alfonso


Halte

First attested as aan Halte in 1881-1882. Derived from halte (“stop”). Named after a former station on the Helmond-Venlo railway line.

a hamlet in Deurne, North Brabant, Netherlands


Heers

First attested as herle in the first quarter of the 13th century. Potentially derived from a diminutive form of haar (“sandy ridge”), which derives from Proto-Germanic *harugaz (“grove, sanctuary, halidom”).

a hamlet in Veldhoven, North Brabant, Netherlands


Mulder

English: Mulder

Afrikaans: Mulder

a surname, Mulder, originating as an occupation, equivalent to English Miller


Spangen

First attested as spange in 1325. Derived from the hydronym Spange, of unknown etymology. Not derived from Middle Dutch Spaengen (“Spain”). Compare Spanbroek, Spang, Spanga and Spannum.

a neighbourhood of Rotterdam, South Holland, Netherlands


Eerste Wereldoorlog

(history) World War I, the First World War


Tweede Wereldoorlog

(history) World War II, the Second World War


Pergamon

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Πέργαμον (Pérgamon).


Lerop

First attested as liethorp in 943. Compound of an uncertain first element and Old Dutch thorp (“village, settlement”). The first elemented has been linked to Proto-Germanic *leuta (“duplicitous”), although this reading poses semantic difficulties. Compare Lierop.
See also Limburgish Lieërop.

a hamlet in Roerdalen, Limburg, Netherlands


VAE

Verenigde Arabische Emiraten
Verenigde Arabische Emiraten#Dutch

United Arab Emirates
United Arab Emirates#English

initialism of Verenigde Arabische Emiraten (= United Arab Emirates): a country in West Asia, in the Middle East: UAE


Pax

Derived from Latin pax (“peace”). Named after a former farmhouse.

a neighbourhood of Haarlemmermeer, North Holland, Netherlands


Tilburg

First attested as tilliburgis in 709. Compound of Old Dutch tilli (“new agricultural land”) and burg (“fortified settlement, castle”). Compare Thull, Tiel, Tuil and Tull en 't Waal.

inh

Meronyms: Bakertand, Berkeind, Berkel-Enschot, Berkhoek, Biezenmortel, Brem, De Kraan, Hazennest, Heuveltje, Heikant, Hooghout, Koningshoeven, Kouwenberg, Loonse Hoek, Moerenburg, Quirijnstok, Rugdijk, Schoorstraat, 't Hoekske, 't Winkel, Udenhout, Vijfhuizen, Zandkant

Tilburg (a city and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Almere

First attested as de toekomstige stad Almere in 1973. Named after the ancient hydronym Almere (first attested in 755-768), likely a compound of aal (“eel”) and Old Dutch mere (“lake, pool”). The current city is located roughly where the former lake was located.

Almere (a city and municipality of Flevoland, Netherlands)

(historical) a lake, in Roman times and the Middle Ages more or less located at the location of the current IJsselmeer


Rijsel

From Middle Dutch risele, presumably from an older unattested *isele, a calque of Old French isle (“island”).
Like its French counterpart Lille, the name was rebracketed: The phrase ter isele (“at the islet”) was reinterpreted as te risele (“at Rijsel”).

(chiefly Belgium) Lille (the departmental capital of Nord department, France; the regional capital of Hauts-de-France)


Glimmen

First attested as in glemmene and in glimine in the 12th century. Etymology unknown. Potentially a prehistoric toponym. Compare Onnen.

unk

unknown

a village in Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands


nl-proper noun

Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland n

Calque of English United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

calque

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland#English:_Q145

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (official name of the United Kingdom: a country in Northern Europe)


Look

First attested as loewijck in 1450. Derived from a contracted compound of lo (“light forest”) and wijk (“village, settlement”).

a hamlet in Rijssen-Holten, Overijssel, Netherlands


Kalimantan

Borrowed from Malay Kalimantan. In the current sense derived from Indonesian Kalimantan.

Kalimantan (a region in Southeast Asia; the Indonesian part of the island of Borneo)


Cocytus

Borrowed from Latin Cōcȳtus, from Ancient Greek Κωκυτός (Kōkutós).

(Greek mythology) Cocytus (river in Hades)


Dodendraad

From dode (“dead person”) + -n- + draad (“wire”).

compound

the Wire of Death: the lethal electric fence that was placed along the border between Belgium and the Netherlands by the German occupiers during the First World War


Vercammen

Contraction of van der Cammen; see ver-.


Tsjetsjenië

Chechnya (a republic and federal subject of Russia, in the northern Caucasus)


Dam

* (Limburg) Attested as Dam in 1835. Derived from dam (“dam, elevated road”).
* (Noord-Holland) First attested as dam in 1432. Derived from Middle Dutch dam (“dam”).

a hamlet in Gennep, Limburg, Netherlands

a hamlet in Hollands Kroon, North Holland, Netherlands


eindkrak

From eind (“end”) + krak (“crack, crunch”), by analogy with oerknal.


Andries

a male given name; an alternative form of Andreas


Ried

First attested as rede in 1275. Derived from a hydronym cognate to Old English rīþ (“stream”). The Dutch form of the toponym was borrowed from an earlier version of the Frisian name.

a village in Waadhoeke, Friesland, Netherlands


Wiel

First attested as to weel. Borrowed from West Frisian It Wiel, derived in turn from Old Frisian wiel (“kolk lake, kolk pool”).

der

a hamlet in Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands


Veen

The toponym is first attested as ueno in 1108-1121. Derived from veen (“peat bog, fen, swamp”).
The surname derives from one of the senses of veen or from one of several toponyms.

a village and former municipality of Altena, North Brabant, Netherlands


Saint Kitts en Nevis

Saint Kitts and Nevis
Saint Kitts and Nevis#English:_Q763

Saint Kitts and Nevis (a country comprising the islands of Saint Kitts and Nevis in the Caribbean)


Middelengels

From middel- (“middle”) + Engels (“English”).

(linguistics) Middle English, the ancestor language of Modern English spoken between the 11th and 15th centuries


War

First attested as werum in 1433. Borrowed from West Frisian It War, derived in turn from Old Frisian were (“plot of land, landed property”), later reinterpreted to West Frisian war (“low-lying grassland”).

cog

a hamlet in Waadhoeke, Friesland, Netherlands


Etstoel

(history) highest court in the Dutch province of Drenthe until 1791


Gorinchem

First attested as gornichem [read: gorinchem] around 1200. From Middle Dutch Gorichem, Gorinchem, from Old Dutch *Goringahēm, from *Goro (a personal name) + -ing (“belonging to, descending from”) + hēm (“home, place”).

Meronyms: Dalem, De Kooi

Gorinchem (a city and municipality of South Holland, Netherlands)


Visser

a surname originating as an occupation, meaning fisherman


Vasse

First attested as in fahsi in the late 10th century. Etymology unknown. Potentially derived from Proto-Germanic *fahsa (“hair, type of coarse grass”). Compare Vaassen and Veessen.

unk

unknown

cog

a village in Tubbergen, Overijssel, Netherlands


Haaren

First attested with certainty as haeren in 1304. Derived from the dative plural form of haar (“sandy ridge”).

a village and former municipality of Oisterwijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Hoogduits

From hoog + Duits, compare German Hochdeutsch, English High German.

(dated) Standard High German (used especially when Duits was still sometimes used to mean “continental West Germanic”)

In ons overzicht der Germaansche talen (zie [..]) werd de Westgermaansche of Duitsche groep in twee afdeelingen gescheiden: in die eerste plaatsten wij het Nederduitsch, in de andere het Hoogduitsch.

1893, Theod. Stille, “Historische inleiding tot de Germaansche en Nederlandsche taalwetenschap”, in Het Belfort. Maandschrift gewijd aan Letteren, Kunst en Wetenschap., number 8, page 123:

Het Oppersaksisch, Silezisch en Thüringsch worden bij het Hoogduitsch geplaatst en te samen met het zuidelijke Frankisch van het Opperduitsch als Middelduitsch onderscheiden.
 [...]
 Tot het zuid-wgerm. behooren het Opperduitsch (Beiersch en Alemansch) en het Middelduitsch (Middel-, Rijn- en Oostfrankisch benevens de oostelijke dialecten Thüringsch, Hessisch, Oppersaksisch, Silezisch).

1924, R. C. Boer, Oergermaansch handboek, [tweede druk] 2nd edition, Haarlem: H. D. Tjeenk Willink & zoon, page 10 & 11:

High German consonant shift
w:High German consonant shift

High German (languages and dialects that have undergone the High German consonant shift)


Vroegnieuwhoogduits

Early New High German
Early New High German


Nieuwnederlands

Modern Dutch (stage of the Dutch language spoken in modern times, 1500 is a common threshold)


Vroegnieuwengels

From vroeg (“early”) + nieuw (“new”) + Engels (“English”).

affix

Early Modern English
Early Modern English


Oergermaans

From oer- + Germaans, calque of German urgermanisch, Urgermanisch.


mekka

(figuratively) a Mecca (important place to visit by people with a particular interest)


Assen

First attested as ascen in 1267-1268. Etymology unknown. Not derived from a personal name or Old Saxon asna (“rent, wage”).

unk

unknown

Meronyms: Anreep, Graswijk, Loon, Rhee, Schieven, Ter Aard, Ubbena, Witten, Zeijerveen, Zeijerveld

Assen (a city, municipality, and capital of Drenthe, Netherlands)


Stegen

First attested as De Steege in 1838-1857. Derived from an inflected form of steeg (“alley, path, narrow road”).

a hamlet in Asten, North Brabant, Netherlands


Veghel

First attested as in vehchele in the first quarter of the 13th century. Potentially derived from dialectal vechel (“layer of gravel just below and on the surface of the soil”). Earlier etymologies proposed derivations from a compound of Middle Dutch vigge (“young pig”) or a term derived from Proto-Germanic *fehu (“cattle”) and lo (“light forest”).

a town and former municipality of Meierijstad, North Brabant, Netherlands


Oirschot

First attested as oroscoth around the beginning of the 11th century. Compound of an unclear first element and either schoot (“piece of land that juts upward”) or schot (“enclosed space, fenced-in land”). The first element may be cognate with Old Dutch or (“sand mixed with pebbles”). Compare Oerle and Olen.

cog

Meronyms: Boterwijk, Evenheuvel, Groenewoud, Hedel, Hoogeind, Huijgevoort, Kattenberg, Kuikseind, Lieveld, Middelbeers, Oostelbeers, Pandgat, Polsdonken, Spoordonk, Straten, Theetuin, Tregelaar, Voorteind, Westelbeers

a village and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands


Oisterwijk

Potentially attested as hosteruuic before 1167, attested with certainty as oesterwijc in 1214. From ooster- (“eastern, east-”) + wijk (“farmstead, village, settlement”). So named to distinguish the settlement from Westerwijk.

af

Meronyms: Belvert, Broekzijde, De Logt, Gever, Haaren, Heesakker, Heikant, Heiligeboom, Heukelom, Heuvelstraat, Hild, Kerkeind, Laag-Heukelom, Moergestel, Noenes, Oisterwijkse Hoeven, Raam, Stokske, Vinkenberg, Zelt


Tange

First attested as TANGE (DE) in 1851. Derived from dialectal tange (“sandy ridge in a raised bog”).

a hamlet in Stadskanaal, Groningen, Netherlands


Brecht

From a common name element meaning "bright," from Proto-West Germanic *berht.


Beets

→ English: Beets

First attested as beetze in 1435. Derived from Old Frisian beets (“brook, stream”).
The surname derives from West Frisian beets (“brook, stream”) or from one of several toponyms.

a village and former municipality of Edam-Volendam, North Holland, Netherlands


Langen

Potentially attested as early as the middle of the 12th century as lange. Derived from lang (“stretched, extended”). Likely a re-application of an earlier hydronym to the settlement.

a hamlet in Lochem, Gelderland, Netherlands


VAGH

initialism of Vereniging van Assistent-Geneeskundigen in de Heelkunde (“Association of Assistant Physicians in Surgery”)


Kappert

a hamlet in Leudal, Limburg, Netherlands


Noen

Nu (deification of the primordial watery abyss in Egyptian mythology)


Waldeck

Derived from Waldeck (a surname). Named after a family of local landowners.

a neighbourhood of The Hague, South Holland, Netherlands


Jet

A shortened form of either Henriëtte or Mariëtte.


Jet

First attested as iaeth and iette in 1417. Borrowed from West Frisian Jeth, derived in turn from Old Frisian iet (“gap, hole”), referring here to a fishing hole or to a hole left by a levee failure.

a hamlet in Súdwest-Fryslân, Friesland, Netherlands


Jansen

Reduced form of Janszoon, corresponding to Jan + -sen; equivalent to English Johnson.

Jans (alternative)
Janse (alternative)
Jansse (alternative)
Janssen (alternative)
Jansz (alternative)

a common surname originating as a patronymic


Velletri

First attested as Velletri in 1911. Derived from Italian Velletri. Originally the name of an inn which served as a gathering place for Dutchmen who wanted to volunteer for the Papal Zouaves.

a neighbourhood of Halderberge, North Brabant, Netherlands


Oyen

First attested as oijen in 1477. Derived from the dative plural form of ooi (“land next to a watercourse”).

a hamlet in Peel en Maas, Limburg, Netherlands


Bastiaan

a male given name derived from Sebastiaan


Euromaidan

Borrowed from Ukrainian Євромайда́н (Jevromajdán), from Євро́па (Jevrópa, “Europe”) + майда́н (majdán, “square”), named after Майда́н Незале́жності (Majdán Nezaléžnosti, “Independence Square”) in Kiev.

Euromaidan (antigovernment protests in Ukrainein 2013 and 2014)

Maidan Nezalezhnosti, the square in Kiev that was the site of antigovernment protests in 2013 and 2014


Noord

* (Aruba) Derived from noord (“north”). The settlement was named for its location near the northern tip of the island.
* (Netherlands) First attested as Het Noord in 1838-1857. Derived from noord (“north”).

a hamlet in Land van Cuijk, North Brabant, Netherlands


Oost

* (Noord-Holland) Potentially attested as ten oesten in 1377, attested with certainty as Oost in 1839-1859. Derived from oost (“east”).
* (Limburg) See Oost-Maarland.

a village in Texel, North Holland, Netherlands

a former municipality of Limburg, Netherlands


Thebe

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Θῆβαι (Thêbai).


ivoren toren

From Song of Songs 7.4. First attested in the 1890s in the non-religious idiomatic sense, which was borrowed from French tour d'ivoire. The shift in meaning during the twentieth century is possibly influenced by English ivory tower.

(Roman Catholicism) A title of address for Mary (mother of Jesus), or specifically her neck.


reformatie

From Middle Dutch reformacie, from Latin refōrmātiō. Equivalent to reformeren + -atie.


oranje-blanje-bleu

An adaptation of the French names of colours of the flag: orange, blanche, bleu.


Concordia

a neighbourhood of Sint Eustatius, Netherlands


Guinee-Bissau

Guinea-Bissau (a country in West Africa)


Gameren

First attested with certainty as gamberem in 1146. Derived from an ancient hydronym related to Proto-Germanic *gambra- (“strong, powerful”). A proposed derivation from Proto-Celtic *gamb-ara (“confluence of two watercourses”) is unlikely. A proposed compound derived from Old Dutch Gamhard (a personal name) or Gamher (a personal name) and heem (“home, settlement”) is incorrect.

cog

a village and former municipality of Zaltbommel, Gelderland, Netherlands


Franeker

→ English: Franeker

First attested as fronakre in 1085. From Old Frisian *Frāneker, from frāna (“royal, lordly”) + ekker (“field, acre”).
See also West Frisian Frjentsjer.

compound

Franeker (a city and former municipality of Waadhoeke, Friesland, Netherlands)


Schelle

First attested as schelne in 1188. Likely related to dialectal schel (“slightly elevated place”). Formerly an independent hamlet.

a neighbourhood of Zwolle, Overijssel, Netherlands


Raków

Raków (Polish town 1569–1869 and village 1869–present, important centre of Socinianism in the 16th–17th CC.)


Horne

Calque of West Frisian Hoarne, derived from horne (“corner of a levee, bend”).

a hamlet in Leeuwarden, Friesland, Netherlands


Beitel

First attested as gen Beijtel in 1651. Derived from Middle Dutch betel (“tapering piece of land”).

inh

a neighbourhood of Heerlen, Limburg, Netherlands


Gracht

* (Friesland) First attested as De Oude Gracht in 1851-1855. Calque of West Frisian De Grêft, derived in turn from grêft (“excavated canal”).
* (Limburg) First attested as Die Gracht around 1776. Derived from Limburgish gracht (“hollow road”). See also Central Franconian De Jraat.

a hamlet in Weststellingwerf, Friesland, Netherlands

a neighbourhood of Kerkrade, Limburg, Netherlands


Barneveld

First attested as bernevelde in 1307. Compound of Middle Dutch bernen (“burn”) and veld (“field”). The first component refers either to slash and burn agriculture or the presence of turf.

Meronyms: Boeschoten, Boveneinde, De Glind, Drieënhuizen, Essen, Esveld, Garderbroek, Garderen, Harselaar, Kallenbroek, Kootwijk, Kootwijkerbroek, Ouwendorp, Stroe, Terschuur, Voorthuizen, Wessel, Zwartebroek

Barneveld (a village and municipality of Gelderland, Netherlands)


Montfort

First attested as Montem circumfossatum qui Miemekar nuncupator in 1258. Derived from Latin mons (“mountain, hill”) and fortis (“strong, fortified”). Compare Hardenberg, Montfoort, Sterkenburg and Stoutenburg.
See also Limburgish Mofert.

a town and former municipality of Roerdalen, Limburg, Netherlands


Cornwallis

(dated) Cornwall (a duchy and county of England, United Kingdom)


Zand

* (Deurne) Derived from zand (“sand”).
* (Gemert-Bakel) First attested as Sant in 1794. Derived from zand (“sand”).

a hamlet in Deurne, North Brabant, Netherlands

a hamlet in Gemert-Bakel, North Brabant, Netherlands


Bergen op Zoom

→ English: Bergen op Zoom

From Middle Dutch Bergen op den Sôom. First attested as in villa qui dicitur bergon in 966. Derived from the dative plural form of Old Dutch berga (“hill, elevated place”). The identifying element zoom (“seam, edge”) was added later, possibly to distinguish the city from nearby Steenbergen.

Berghen op Soom (alternative obsolete)
Berghen op Zoom (alternative obsolete)

Meronyms: Halsteren, Heihoefke, Heimolen, Kijkuit, Kladde, Klutsdorp, Lepelstraat, Nieuwe Molen, Oude Molen, Slikkenburg, Spinolaberg, Vetterik, Vrederust, Waterkant, Zuidgeest

Bergen op Zoom (a city and municipality of North Brabant, Netherlands)


Volksrepubliek Loehansk

Volksrepubliek Loegansk (canonical feminine)
Volksrepubliek Loegansk (alternative)

Calque of Russian Луга́нская Наро́дная Респу́блика (Lugánskaja Naródnaja Respúblika) and Ukrainian Луганська народна республіка (Luhansʹka narodna respublika). The relative prevalence of the Ukrainian form Loehansk over Loegansk in this name owes to the recent emphasis on the usage of Ukrainian placenames instead of Russian ones when referring to toponyms in Ukrainian territory.

cal

Луга́нская Наро́дная Респу́блика

Луганська народна республіка

Luhansk People's Republic
Luhansk People's Republic#English

Luhansk People's Republic (a self-proclaimed quasi-state, internationally recognized as part of the country of Ukraine; one of two members of the Confederation of Novorossiya.)


Wier

First attested as werue in the second half of the 13th century. Borrowed from West Frisian Wier, derived in turn from Old Frisian werve (“artificial mound used for habitation”), probably related to Proto-West Germanic *warjan (“to defend”).

der

a village in Waadhoeke, Friesland, Netherlands


Roodkapje

From rood (“red”) + kapje (“little hood”), a calque.

Little Red Riding Hood
Little Red Riding Hood