gabber

gabber m (plural gabbers, diminutive gabbertje n)

gabbers (plural)
gabbertje (diminutive neuter)

→ English: gabber

→ German: Gabber

Borrowed from Yiddish חבֿר (khaver, “friend”), from Hebrew חָבֵר (khavér, “friend”).


mantel

nl-noun

mantel m (plural mantels, diminutive manteltje n)

mantels (plural)
manteltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: mantel

Negerhollands: mantel

Petjo: mantel

→ Caribbean Javanese: mantel

→ Indonesian: mantel

→ Papiamentu: mantel

From Middle Dutch mantel, from Latin mantēllum.

scallop, bivalve of the family Pectinidae


giechelen

giechelen (infinitive)
giechelen (gerund neuter)
giechel (first-person present singular)
giechelde (first-person past singular)
giechelt (present second-person singular)
giechel (present second-person singular)
giechelde (past second-person singular)
giechelt (formal present second-person singular)
giechelde (formal past second-person singular)
giechelt (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
giechelt (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
giechelde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
giechelde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
giechelt (present singular third-person)
giechelde (past singular third-person)
giechelen (plural present)
giechelden (past plural)
giechele (archaic present singular subjunctive)
giechelde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
giechelen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
giechelden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
giechel (imperative present singular)
giechelt (archaic imperative plural present)
giechelend (participle present)
gegiecheld (participle past)

Origin obscure. Likely from Middle Dutch gijgen (“to pant, wheeze, giggle”) + -elen. Compare German Low German giechelen (“to giggle”), dialectal German giggln, gigglen (“to giggle”), Middle High German gickelen (“to ridicule, mock”), Old High German kichezzen (“to laugh”), German gicksen (“to shriek, shrill”). All of these words are likely ultimate of imitative origin.

unk

obscure

onomatopoeic

imitative


af

nl-adj

af (used only predicatively, comparative meer af, superlative meest af)

meer af (comparative)
meest af (superlative)

From Middle Dutch af, from Old Dutch af, from Proto-West Germanic *ab, from Proto-Germanic *ab.

(games) out, dismissed from play under the rules of the game, e.g. by having been tagged


bully

Borrowed from English bully, itself a derivation of Dutch boel (“lover; brother”).

(field hockey) bully (way of resuming the game with a standoff between two opposing players who repeatedly hit each other's sticks, then try to gain possession of the ball)


Latijn

nl-noun

Latijn m (plural Latijnen, diminutive Latijntje n, feminine Latijnse)

Latijnen (plural)
Latijntje (diminutive neuter)
Latijnse (feminine)

From Middle Dutch latijn, from Latin Latīnus.

Latin, a citizen of Ancient Rome or the region of Latium


prins

prins m (plural prinsen, diminutive prinsje n, feminine prinses)

prinsen (plural)
prinsje (diminutive neuter)
prinses (feminine)

Negerhollands: prints

→ Papiamentu: prens, prins

From Middle Dutch prince, from Old French prince, from Latin princeps (“first”), notably in princeps civitatis (“first citizen”), the primary title of the Roman 'emperor' under the still republican constitution.


atten

atten (infinitive)
atten (gerund neuter)
at (first-person present singular)
atte (first-person past singular)
at (present second-person singular)
atte (past second-person singular)
at (formal present second-person singular)
atte (formal past second-person singular)
at (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
at (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
atte (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
atte (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
at (present singular third-person)
atte (past singular third-person)
atten (plural present)
atten (past plural)
atte (archaic present singular subjunctive)
atte (archaic past singular subjunctive)
atten (archaic plural present subjunctive)
atten (archaic past plural subjunctive)
at (imperative present singular)
at (archaic imperative plural present)
attend (participle present)
geat (participle past)

(transitive, slang) to empty a glass by drinking it in one draught; to down, to chug


darter

Borrowed from English darter. By surface analysis, darten + -er.


agente

agente f (plural agentes, diminutive agentje n, masculine agent)

agentes (plural)
agentje (diminutive neuter)
agent (masculine)

/ˌaːˈɣɛn.tə/

From agent + -e or borrowed from French agente.


Lucas

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Λουκᾶς (Loukâs), perchance via Latin Lucas.

(biblical) Luke (traditional name of the author of the Gospel of Luke)


calva

calva m (plural calva's, diminutive calvaatje n)

calva's (plural)
calvaatje (diminutive neuter)

Clipping of calvados, or directly from French calva.

Synonym of calvados (“French apple brandy”)


Eden

→ Indonesian: eden

From Middle Dutch eden, from Latin Eden, from Biblical Hebrew עֵדֶן.

(biblical) Eden (mythological garden in Genesis)


schreeuwen

schreeuwen (infinitive)
schreeuwen (gerund neuter)
schreeuw (first-person present singular)
schreeuwde (first-person past singular)
schreeuwt (present second-person singular)
schreeuw (present second-person singular)
schreeuwde (past second-person singular)
schreeuwt (formal present second-person singular)
schreeuwde (formal past second-person singular)
schreeuwt (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
schreeuwt (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
schreeuwde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
schreeuwde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
schreeuwt (present singular third-person)
schreeuwde (past singular third-person)
schreeuwen (plural present)
schreeuwden (past plural)
schreeuwe (archaic present singular subjunctive)
schreeuwde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
schreeuwen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
schreeuwden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
schreeuw (imperative present singular)
schreeuwt (archaic imperative plural present)
schreeuwend (participle present)
geschreeuwd (participle past)

Afrikaans: skree, skreeu

Negerhollands: skreeuw, skreuw, skreew

From Middle Dutch schrêwen, from Old Dutch *skrēwon, from Proto-Germanic *skraiwōną. Related to Dutch schreien.

to yell; to bellow; to shout; to talk loudly


rosé

rosé m (plural rosés, diminutive roseetje n)

rosés (plural)
roseetje (diminutive neuter)


fuckbuddy

fuckbuddy f or m (plural fuckbuddy's, diminutive fuckbuddy'tje n)

fuckbuddy's (plural)
fuckbuddy'tje (diminutive neuter)

Unadapted borrowing from English fuck buddy.


oorlog

nl-noun

oorlog m (plural oorlogen, diminutive oorlogje n)

oorlogen (plural)
oorlogje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: oorlog

Negerhollands: oorlog

→ Aukan: oloku

→? Danish: orlog

→ German: Orlog

→ Kwinti: oorlog

→? Norwegian: orlog

→? Swedish: örlog

From Middle Dutch orloge, from Old Dutch *urlage. In this word, two Germanic words merged, both having the prefix ur- (modern Dutch oor- and oer-, with the former kept in compounds like oorzaak (“cause, driver”) and oorsprong (“origin”), and the latter borrowed from German). The first word was derived from Proto-Germanic *uzlagą (“fate, destiny”), with *laga- related to modern Dutch leggen (“to lay”). The second word was derived from Proto-Germanic *uzleugō (“war”), with *leugō meaning “oath” (see also Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰 (liuga) and Old Irish lugae). Cognate to Old Saxon orlagi, Middle Low German ōrloch (Low German and German Orlog), Old High German urliugi and urlag, Old Frisian orloch, West Frisian oarloch, Old English orlæg, Old Norse ørlög and ørlygi.

der

De twee landen waren verwikkeld in een lange en bloedige oorlog

The two countries were engaged in a long and bloody war.


drumstick

nl-noun

drumstick m (plural drumsticks, diminutive drumstickje n)

drumsticks (plural)
drumstickje (diminutive neuter)

(uncommon) a drumstick, a stick used for drumming


ramp

ramp m (plural ramps, diminutive rampje n)

ramps (plural)
rampje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English ramp, from French rampe.

(skating) a construction to do skating tricks, usually in the form of one half of a pipe, a half-pipe


immigrant

immigrant m (plural immigranten, diminutive immigrantje n, feminine immigrante)

immigranten (plural)
immigrantje (diminutive neuter)
immigrante (feminine)


tante

tante f (plural tantes, diminutive tantetje n)

tantes (plural)
tantetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: tante

Berbice Creole Dutch: tanti

Skepi Creole Dutch: tanta

→ Aukan: tanto

→ Malay: tante
Indonesian: tante

→ Papiamentu: tanchi, tanta

→ Sranan Tongo: tanta

→ Caribbean Javanese: tante

Borrowed from French tante, from Middle French tante, from Old French ante, from Latin amita, from Proto-Indo-European *amma-.

aunt (sister or sister-in-law of a parent)


romper

romper m (plural rompers, diminutive rompertje n)

rompers (plural)
rompertje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English romper, from English romper suit. In folk etymology, the word is linked with Dutch romp (“torso”).

a one-piece garment for an infant or small child; a onesie or romper


bodybuilder

bodybuilder m (plural bodybuilders, diminutive bodybuildertje n, feminine bodybuildster)

bodybuilders (plural)
bodybuildertje (diminutive neuter)
bodybuildster (feminine)

Unadapted borrowing from English bodybuilder.

etymon

en>bodybuilder>person who builds a muscular physique


pils

nl-noun

pils m or n (plural pilsen, diminutive pilsje n)

pilsen (plural)
pilsje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from German Pils, short for Pilsener (Bier).


koffie

koffie f or m (plural koffies, diminutive koffietje n)

koffies (plural)
koffietje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: koffie
→ Xhosa: ikofu
→ Tswana: kôšwi

Berbice Creole Dutch: kofi

→ Burmese: ကော်ဖီ (kauhpi)
→ Rawang: gopi

Negerhollands: kofi, coffie, koffee

→ Lokono: kofi

→ English: coffee (see there for further descendants)

→ Japanese: コーヒー (kōhī)

→ Palauan: kohi

→ Latin: coffea f

→ Malay: kopi
Indonesian: kopi
→ Petjo: kopie
→ Cantonese: 咖啡 (go³ bi¹)
→ Min Nan: 咖啡 (ko-pi, ko-phi); 高丕, 戈丕 (obsolete)

→ Papiamentu: kòfi, koffi

→ Russian: ко́фе (kófe) (see there for further descendants)

→ Sranan Tongo: kofi (or from English)

→ Aukan: kofi

→ Caribbean Hindustani: kofi

→ Caribbean Javanese: kofi, kopi

→ Saramaccan: kofí

→ West Frisian: kofje

Borrowed from Italian caffè, from Ottoman Turkish قهوه (kahve), from Arabic قَهْوَة (qahwa).


christen

nl-noun

christen m (plural christenen, diminutive christentje n, feminine christin)

christenen (plural)
christentje (diminutive neuter)
christin (feminine)

Negerhollands: christ

→ Caribbean Javanese: Kristen

From Middle Dutch cristen, variant of kersten, from Old Dutch cristīn, from Latin Christiānus, from Ancient Greek Χρῑστιᾱνός (Khrīstiānós). The current Dutch spelling has been influenced by the Latin and subsequently also the Greek words.


halter

halter m (plural halters, diminutive haltertje n)

halters (plural)
haltertje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French haltère or directly from Latin haltēres, from Ancient Greek ἁλτῆρες (haltêres).


portefeuille

portefeuille m (plural portefeuilles, diminutive portefeuilletje n)

portefeuilles (plural)
portefeuilletje (diminutive neuter)

From French portefeuille. Doublet of portfolio.

wallet, billfold (small, folding sleeve for paper currency, driver's licence, and bank cards)


lacrosse

Borrowed from Canadian French la crosse (“the stick”).


dammen

dammen (infinitive)
dammen (gerund neuter)
dam (first-person present singular)
damde (first-person past singular)
damt (present second-person singular)
dam (present second-person singular)
damde (past second-person singular)
damt (formal present second-person singular)
damde (formal past second-person singular)
damt (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
damt (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
damde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
damde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
damt (present singular third-person)
damde (past singular third-person)
dammen (plural present)
damden (past plural)
damme (archaic present singular subjunctive)
damde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
dammen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
damden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
dam (imperative present singular)
damt (archaic imperative plural present)
dammend (participle present)
gedamd (participle past)

→? Akan: dam (Twi, possibly from Danish)

→ Caribbean Hindustani: dám

→ Caribbean Javanese: dham

→ Papiamentu: dam

Borrowed from Middle French dame (“dame, double checkers piece”) + -en.


accent grave

nl-noun

accent grave n (plural accents graves or accent graves)

accents graves (plural)
accent graves (plural)

Unadapted borrowing from French accent grave.


twitcher

Borrowed from English twitcher. By surface analysis, twitchen + -er.

twitcher (avid birdwatcher, esp. one who travels long distances to observe rare species)


machinist

nl-noun

machinist m (plural machinisten, diminutive machinistje n)

machinisten (plural)
machinistje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: masinis

a machine-operator, engineer; notably:
steam engines operator on a vessel


wissel

wissel m (plural wissels, diminutive wisseltje n)

wissels (plural)
wisseltje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: wesel

→ Peranakan Indonesian: wissel

From Middle Dutch wissel, from Old Dutch *wissel, from Proto-Germanic *wihslaz.


wodka

wodka m (plural wodka's, diminutive wodkaatje n)

wodka's (plural)
wodkaatje (diminutive neuter)


opa

opa m (plural opa's, diminutive opaatje n)

opa's (plural)
opaatje (diminutive neuter)

Skepi Creole Dutch: opai

Sranan Tongo: owpa

→ Ambonese Malay: opa

→ Papiamentu: opa


vrouw

vrouw f (plural vrouwen, diminutive vrouwtje n or vrouwetje n or vrouwke n)

vrouwen (plural)
vrouwtje (diminutive neuter)
vrouwetje (diminutive neuter)
vrouwke (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: vrou
→ English: vrou

desc

Negerhollands: vro, vrou, frou, fru, vrow

→ Virgin Islands Creole: fru (dated)

→ Aukan: folow

→ English: vrouw

→ Sranan Tongo: frow

→ Indonesian: perawan (“virgin”)

From Middle Dutch vrouwe, from Old Dutch frouwa, from Proto-West Germanic *frauwjā, from Proto-Germanic *frawjǭ. Vrouw replaced wijf as a neutral descriptor for a woman in the Early Modern period (see there for more), whereas vrouw mostly referred to well-off or aristocratic women in Middle Dutch. (In this latter sense, vrouw was itself superseded by dame, although the archaic form vrouwe is fossilized with the same aristocratic meaning.)


zoon

nl-noun

zoon m (plural zoons or zonen, diminutive zoontje n)

zoons (plural)
zonen (plural)
zoontje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: seun

Jersey Dutch: zőn

Negerhollands: soon, sön

Skepi Creole Dutch: son

From Middle Dutch sōne, from Old Dutch suno, from Proto-West Germanic *sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.

Mijn zoon gaat volgend jaar naar de universiteit.

My son is going to the university next year.

Ze heeft drie zonen en een dochter.

Haar zoontje speelde in de tuin met zijn vriendjes.

Her little son was playing in the garden with his friends.


zus

zus f (plural zussen, diminutive zusje n)

zussen (plural)
zusje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: sus

desc

Negerhollands: suschi, schuschi, schuschie, schuschii, śiśi, shishi, syssie (all forms from the diminutive)

Short form of zuster. Compare English sis.


wijn

nl-noun

wijn m (plural wijnen, diminutive wijntje n)

wijnen (plural)
wijntje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: wyn

Berbice Creole Dutch: win

Negerhollands: wien, win

→ Saramaccan: wín

→? Sranan Tongo: win

→ Lokono: wing

→ Caribbean Javanese: win

From Middle Dutch wijn, from Old Dutch wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Latin vīnum.

Ze genoten van een glas rode wijn bij het diner.

They enjoyed a glass of red wine with dinner.

Deze wijn komt uit Frankrijk en staat bekend om zijn kwaliteit.

This wine comes from France and is known for its quality.

Hij heeft een mooie collectie wijnen in zijn wijnkelder.

He has a nice collection of wines in his wine cellar.

wine (an alcoholic beverage produced by a certain fermentation procedure; unless otherwise specified or indicated by context, made from grapes)


baan

baan f (plural banen, diminutive baantje n)

banen (plural)
baantje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: baan

→ Indonesian: ban

From Middle Dutch bāne, from Old Dutch *bana, from Proto-West Germanic *banu, from Proto-Germanic *banō. Compare German Bahn.

(sports, ball games) court, field (place for playing sports or games, in particular non-team ball games)


broer

broer m (plural broers, diminutive broertje n)

broers (plural)
broertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: broer

Berbice Creole Dutch: brur

desc

Negerhollands: broeer, bruer, bru, bju, butje, boetje, butji, butši

→ Virgin Islands Creole: bru, bro, bruds, butchie

Petjo: broer

Skepi Creole Dutch: broor, blur

→ Papiamentu: broer, broertje, bru

→ Sranan Tongo: brur

From broeder through regular syncope of intervocalic -d- (compare weer, blij, la).

Mijn broer heeft vaak ruzie met zijn klasgenoten.

My brother often gets into fights with his classmates.


hoek

nl-noun

hoek m (plural hoeken, diminutive hoekje n)

hoeken (plural)
hoekje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: hoek

Berbice Creole Dutch: hoek

Jersey Dutch: hûk

Negerhollands: hoek

desc

→ Indonesian: hoek, hook, huk (“land or building at a corner”)

→ Papiamentu: huki, hoeki

→ Sranan Tongo: huku, uku

→ Caribbean Hindustani: huku

→ Caribbean Javanese: uku

→ Kari'na: ukuru

→ Manado Malay: huk (“corner”)

From Middle Dutch hoec, huoc, from Old Dutch *huok, from Proto-West Germanic *hōk, from Proto-Germanic *hōkaz (“hook”), from Proto-Indo-European *kog-, *keg-, *keng- (“peg, hook, claw”).


glimlach

nl-noun

glimlach m (plural glimlachen, diminutive glimlachje n)

glimlachen (plural)
glimlachje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: glimlag

From glimmen (“to glow; shine”) + lach, perhaps euphemistically remodelling an older form, grimlach, which carried a somewhat negative connotation.


grootvader

grootvader m (plural grootvaders, diminutive grootvadertje n, feminine grootmoeder)

grootvaders (plural)
grootvadertje (diminutive neuter)
grootmoeder (feminine)

Afrikaans: grootvader

Negerhollands: groottatta, groottaa

→ Virgin Islands Creole: gropupa (dated)

From groot- + vader, calque of Middle French grandpere.


huilen

huilen (infinitive)
huilen (gerund neuter)
huil (first-person present singular)
huilde (first-person past singular)
huilt (present second-person singular)
huil (present second-person singular)
huilde (past second-person singular)
huilt (formal present second-person singular)
huilde (formal past second-person singular)
huilt (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
huilt (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
huilde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
huilde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
huilt (present singular third-person)
huilde (past singular third-person)
huilen (plural present)
huilden (past plural)
huile (archaic present singular subjunctive)
huilde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
huilen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
huilden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
huil (imperative present singular)
huilt (archaic imperative plural present)
huilend (participle present)
gehuild (participle past)

Afrikaans: huil

Negerhollands: hyelen, hyel

From Middle Dutch hulen, from Old Dutch *huwilon, *hūlon, from Proto-West Germanic *hūilōn.


trouwen

trouwen (infinitive)
trouwen (gerund neuter)
trouw (first-person present singular)
trouwde (first-person past singular)
trouwt (present second-person singular)
trouw (present second-person singular)
trouwde (past second-person singular)
trouwt (formal present second-person singular)
trouwde (formal past second-person singular)
trouwt (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
trouwt (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
trouwde (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
trouwde (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
trouwt (present singular third-person)
trouwde (past singular third-person)
trouwen (plural present)
trouwden (past plural)
trouwe (archaic present singular subjunctive)
trouwde (archaic past singular subjunctive)
trouwen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
trouwden (archaic past plural subjunctive)
trouw (imperative present singular)
trouwt (archaic imperative plural present)
trouwend (participle present)
getrouwd (participle past)

Afrikaans: trou

Berbice Creole Dutch: trou

Jersey Dutch: trāue

Negerhollands: trouw, trou, trow

Petjo: trouwerasie

Skepi Creole Dutch: trou

→ Sranan Tongo: trow

→ Aukan: toow

→ Kari'na: trowma

From Middle Dutch trouwen, from Old Dutch *triuwon, from Proto-Germanic *trewwāną. Equivalent to trouw (“loyality”) + -en or trouw (“faithful, loyal”) + -en.

Ze zijn gisteren getrouwd.

Wil je met me trouwen?


boos

nl-adj

boos (comparative bozer, superlative meest boos or boost)

bozer (comparative)
meest boos (superlative)
boost (superlative)
boos (adverbial positive predicative)
bozer (adverbial comparative predicative)
het boost (adverbial predicative superlative)
het booste (adverbial predicative superlative)
boze (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
bozere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
booste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
boos (indefinite neuter positive singular)
bozer (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
booste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
boze (indefinite plural positive)
bozere (comparative indefinite plural)
booste (indefinite plural superlative)
boze (definite positive)
bozere (comparative definite)
booste (definite superlative)
boos (partitive positive)
bozers (comparative partitive)

Negerhollands: boos

From Middle Dutch bôse, from Old Dutch bōsi, from Proto-West Germanic *bausī, from Proto-Germanic *bausuz.


blauw

blauw (comparative blauwer, superlative blauwst)

blauwer (comparative)
blauwst (superlative)
blauw (adverbial positive predicative)
blauwer (adverbial comparative predicative)
het blauwst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het blauwste (adverbial predicative superlative)
blauwe (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
blauwere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
blauwste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
blauw (indefinite neuter positive singular)
blauwer (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
blauwste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
blauwe (indefinite plural positive)
blauwere (comparative indefinite plural)
blauwste (indefinite plural superlative)
blauwe (definite positive)
blauwere (comparative definite)
blauwste (definite superlative)
blauws (partitive positive)
blauwers (comparative partitive)

From Middle Dutch blau, from Old Dutch *blāo, from Proto-West Germanic *blāu, from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz. Doublet of bleu.

blauw oog

blauwe plek

bont en blauw


jong

jong (comparative jonger, superlative jongst)

jonger (comparative)
jongst (superlative)
jong (adverbial positive predicative)
jonger (adverbial comparative predicative)
het jongst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het jongste (adverbial predicative superlative)
jonge (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
jongere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
jongste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
jong (indefinite neuter positive singular)
jonger (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
jongste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
jonge (indefinite plural positive)
jongere (comparative indefinite plural)
jongste (indefinite plural superlative)
jonge (definite positive)
jongere (comparative definite)
jongste (definite superlative)
jongs (partitive positive)
jongers (comparative partitive)

Berbice Creole Dutch: junggu

Negerhollands: jun

Skepi Creole Dutch: jungu

→ Papiamentu: yòn, jonk

→ Saramaccan: njonku

From Middle Dutch jonc, from Old Dutch jung, from Proto-West Germanic *jung, from Proto-Germanic *jungaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yuh₁n̥ḱós. Compare German jung, English young, Danish ung, Icelandic ungur.


jong

nl-noun

jong n (plural jongen, diminutive jonkie n or jongske n)

jongen (plural)
jonkie (diminutive neuter)
jongske (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: jong, juṅ

→ Virgin Islands Creole: jun (dated)

a young: a young being, especially an immature animal


kasteel

kasteel n (plural kastelen, diminutive kasteeltje n)

kastelen (plural)
kasteeltje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kasteel

Negerhollands: kastell

→ Mahican: găstēnik

→ Malay: kastil

Indonesian: kastel, kastil

→ Papiamentu: kastel

→ West Frisian: kastiel

From Middle Dutch castēel, from Old Northern French castel, from Latin castellum. Doublet of Kessel, chateau, Castilië, castellum, ketella, and telo.


kok

nl-noun

kok m (plural koks, diminutive kokje n, feminine kokkin)

koks (plural)
kokje (diminutive neuter)
kokkin (feminine)

Afrikaans: kok

Negerhollands: kokki, koki (from the diminutive)

→ Caribbean Javanese: koki (from the diminutive)

→ French: coq

→ Indonesian: koki (from the diminutive)

→ Petjo: koki, kokkie

→ Malayalam: കോക്കി (kōkki) (from the diminutive)

→ Japanese: コック (kokku)

→ Papiamentu: kòki, kokki (from the diminutive)

→ Russian: кок (kok)

From Middle Dutch coc, from Latin coquus.


koning

koning m (plural koningen, diminutive koninkje n, feminine koningin)

koningen (plural)
koninkje (diminutive neuter)
koningin (feminine)

Afrikaans: koning

Negerhollands: koning, kiniṅ

→ Mohegan-Pequot: kunnung

→ Sranan Tongo: kownu

→ Lokono: kónoe

→ Aukan: konu

→ Kari'na: konu

From Middle Dutch cōninc, from Old Dutch cuninc, from Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz. Cognate to English king.


koningin

koningin f (plural koninginnen, diminutive koninginnetje n, masculine koning)

koninginnen (plural)
koninginnetje (diminutive neuter)
koning (masculine)

Negerhollands: koninginne, kooningin

/ˌkoːnɪˈŋɪn/

From Middle Dutch coninginne, from Old Dutch kuninginna. Equivalent to koning (“king”) + -in (“suffix indicating femininity”).

suffix

queen
female monarchic ruler of a kingdom


moeder

nl-noun

moeder f (plural moeders or gemoederen, diminutive moedertje n, masculine vader)

moeders (plural)
gemoederen (plural)
moedertje (diminutive neuter)
vader (masculine)

Afrikaans: moeder

Negerhollands: muder, moeder

From Middle Dutch moeder, from Old Dutch muoder, from Proto-West Germanic *mōder, from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr.


meisje

Afrikaans: meisie

Jersey Dutch: määiśe

desc

Negerhollands: meeschi, meesche, minśi, menshi, meisje, meissje

Skepi Creole Dutch: meski

Zijn meisje woont in Enschede.


broek

nl-noun

broek f (plural broeken, diminutive broekje n)

broeken (plural)
broekje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: broek (see there for further descendants)

Berbice Creole Dutch: bruku

Negerhollands: broek, bruk

→ Akawaio: puuruukuu (via Skepi Creole Dutch)

→ Javanese: ꦧꦿꦸꦏ꧀ (bruk)

→ Lokono: boróko

→ Kupang Malay: baruk, bruk

→ Munsee: pălóok

→ Papiamentu: bruki (from the diminutive)

→ Pemon: puuruukuu (via Skepi Creole Dutch)

→ Russian: брюки (brjuki)

→ Sranan Tongo: bruku (see there for further descendants)

From Middle Dutch broec, from Old Dutch *bruoc, from Proto-West Germanic *brōk.

Mijn broek is te lang.


bruiloft

bruiloft f (plural bruiloften, diminutive bruiloftje n)

bruiloften (plural)
bruiloftje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: bruiloft, brylloft

From Middle Dutch bruloft, brulocht. The first element is bruid; -loft is a derivation from the root of lopen (“to walk”) with a dental suffix (compare rucht). The original meaning would thus have been "bride-walk" or perhaps "bride-dance", "bride-leap" or even "bride-abduction" (see *hlaupaną and confer the etymology at Brautlauf). Cognates include German Brautlauf, Old Norse brúðhlaup (Swedish bröllop).

In mijn cultuur is het de gewoonte dat gasten geld meenemen naar de bruiloft.

In my culture, it's the norm for guests to bring cash gifts to the wedding reception.


dochter

dochter f (plural dochters, diminutive dochtertje n)

dochters (plural)
dochtertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: dogter

Jersey Dutch: doxter

Negerhollands: dochter, dogter

Petjo: dohter

From Middle Dutch dochter, from Old Dutch dohter, from Proto-West Germanic *dohter, from Proto-Germanic *duhtēr, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr.


grootmoeder

grootmoeder f (plural grootmoeders, diminutive grootmoedertje n, masculine grootvader)

grootmoeders (plural)
grootmoedertje (diminutive neuter)
grootvader (masculine)

Afrikaans: grootmoeder

Negerhollands: grootmama, grootmaa

Skepi Creole Dutch: goamur, goamer

From groot- + moeder, calque of Middle French [Term?].

early 16th century, Evangelien vanden spinrocke metter glosen bescreuen ter eeren vanden vrouwen, "chapter" (paragraph) 11, 1910 edition, page 39, "gloss".
Daer op seyde een goede ghesellinne gheheeten pierine blaulippe Dat capittel heb ic niet al warachtich beuonden want doen ic ginc trouwen Jan blaulip myne man groette mi. mijn grootmoeder biddende dat ic moest hebben goet stijf gemoet dies icse dancte mer nochtans gebuerddet mi anders god betert.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


jongen

jongen m (plural jongens, diminutive jongetje n)

jongens (plural)
jongetje (diminutive neuter)

Jersey Dutch: jonge

→ Indonesian: jongos

→ Javanese: ꦗꦺꦴꦔꦺꦴꦱ꧀ (jongos)

→ Malay: nyong

→ Sranan Tongo: yongu

From Middle Dutch jongen, dative/accusative form of jonge, a nominal use of jong (“young”). Cognate with German Junge (“boy”).

Kom op, jongens, laten we naar buiten gaan en spelen!

Come on, kids/guys, let's go outside and play!

(informal, used in the plural, used in the vocative) Informal term used to address multiple children of masculine or mixed gender; kids, guys (may be considered insufficiently gender-inclusive)


traan

From Middle Dutch trâen, from Old Dutch trān, from Proto-Germanic *trahnuz. Cognate with German Träne (“tear”) and Tran (“fish oil”).


soep

soep f or m (plural soepen, diminutive soepje n)

soepen (plural)
soepje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: soep

Negerhollands: soep, sop

→ Caribbean Hindustani: supu

→ Caribbean Javanese: sop, sup, supu

→ Indonesian: sup

→ Papiamentu: sòpi (from the diminutive), soppi

Borrowed from French soupe, from Latin suppa, from Proto-Germanic *supô. Doublet of zopie, which is the directly inherited Dutch form (albeit with diminutive suffix) of the same Germanic word from which suppa ultimately derives.

de soep wordt nooit zo heet gegeten als ze wordt opgediend


smaak

smaak m (plural smaken, diminutive smaakje n)

smaken (plural)
smaakje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: smaak

→ Limburgish: smaak

→ Papiamentu: smak, smaak

From Middle Dutch smāke, from Old Dutch *smako, from Proto-West Germanic *smakō.

de goede smaak


stof

stof f or m (plural stoffen, diminutive stofje n)

stoffen (plural)
stofje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: stof

Negerhollands: stof

→ Papiamentu: stòf, stof

→ West Frisian: stof

From Middle Dutch stoffe, from Old French estophe, estoffe, from estoffer, from Old High German stoffōn. Compare German Stoff, English stuff.


voetbal

→ Caribbean Hindustani: futbál khele

From voet + bal, calque of English football.

Ik hou van voetbal kijken op zondag.

Ze spelen elke week voetbal in het park.

They play football in the park every week.

Voetbal is de populairste sport ter wereld.

Soccer is the most popular sport in the world.


peper

peper m (plural pepers, diminutive pepertje n)

pepers (plural)
pepertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: peper

Negerhollands: pepper

→ Aukan: pepee

→ Munsee: piipel

→ Papiamentu: peper

→ Saramaccan: pepè

→ Unami: pèpël

From Middle Dutch peper, from Old Dutch *pipar, *pepar, from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi), from an Indo-Aryan language.


culverin

culverin f (plural culverinnen, diminutive culverinnetje n)

culverinnen (plural)
culverinnetje (diminutive neuter)

From Old French coulevrine, from couleuvre (“snake”), ultimately from Latin colubra, coluber (“snake”).


potlood

potlood n (plural potloden, diminutive potloodje n)

potloden (plural)
potloodje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: potlood

→ Aukan: potilowtu

→ Caribbean Javanese: potlot

→ Indonesian: potlot

→ Papiamentu: pòtlot, potlood, potteló

→ West Frisian: potlead (calque)

From pot (“pot”) + lood (“lead”). Originally it was a name for graphite, used for glazing pots, which was misidentified as a form of lead. Compare English black lead.


poort

poort f (plural poorten, diminutive poortje n)

poorten (plural)
poortje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: poort

From Middle Dutch porte, from Old Dutch porta, from Latin porta.

(soccer, usually diminutive) nutmeg (passing a ball between opponent's legs)


prinses

prinses f (plural prinsessen, diminutive prinsesje n, masculine prins)

prinsessen (plural)
prinsesje (diminutive neuter)
prins (masculine)

Afrikaans: prinses

→ Papiamentu: prensès

From Middle Dutch princesse, variant of princerse. Equivalent to prins + -es.


pistool

pistool n (plural pistolen, diminutive pistooltje n)

pistolen (plural)
pistooltje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: pistool

→ Caribbean Javanese: pistul

→ Indonesian: pistol

→ Japanese: ピストル (pisutoru)

→ Papiamentu: pistool

Probably borrowed from German Pistole, from Middle French pistole, from Middle High German pitschal, pischulle, from Czech píšťala (“whistle”), from Proto-Slavic *piščalь, from *piskati, *piščati (“to squeak, whistle”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pīṣk-.


zwembad

zwembad n (plural zwembaden, diminutive zwembadje n)

zwembaden (plural)
zwembadje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: swembad


scherp

nl-adj

scherp (comparative scherper, superlative scherpst)

scherper (comparative)
scherpst (superlative)
scherp (adverbial positive predicative)
scherper (adverbial comparative predicative)
het scherpst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het scherpste (adverbial predicative superlative)
scherpe (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
scherpere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
scherpste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
scherp (indefinite neuter positive singular)
scherper (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
scherpste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
scherpe (indefinite plural positive)
scherpere (comparative indefinite plural)
scherpste (indefinite plural superlative)
scherpe (definite positive)
scherpere (comparative definite)
scherpste (definite superlative)
scherps (partitive positive)
scherpers (comparative partitive)

Afrikaans: skerp

Berbice Creole Dutch: skarpu

Negerhollands: skerp

Skepi Creole Dutch: skarp

→ Papiamentu: skèrpi, skerpi, scherpi

→? Sranan Tongo: srapu

→ Saramaccan: saápu

From Middle Dutch scharp, scherp, from Old Dutch skarp, from Proto-West Germanic *skarp, from Proto-Germanic *skarpaz.


melk

nl-noun

melk f (uncountable, diminutive melkje n)

Afrikaans: melk

Berbice Creole Dutch: meleke

Jersey Dutch: määlk

Negerhollands: melk

→ Aukan: meliki

→ Caribbean Javanese: mèleg, mèrki

→ Munsee: mălák

→ Saramaccan: meíki

→ Sranan Tongo: merki

→ Kari'na: meliki

→ Tok Pisin: melek

Inherited from Middle Dutch melc, from Old Dutch miluk, from Proto-West Germanic *meluk, from Proto-Germanic *meluks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-.

milk (nutritious liquid produced by a lactating mammalian mother)

(botany) various 'milky' juices (that resembles or looks like milk), as secreted by certain plants and insects


trui

trui f (plural truien, diminutive truitje n)

truien (plural)
truitje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: trui

→ West Frisian: trui

From Middle Dutch troye, from Middle Low German troie, troige, possibly from Old Norse treyja (“sleeveless jacket”) or from Latin troga (“horsehair monk's garment”).


vreemde

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

nominalization of vreemd: stranger, foreigner


voet

nl-noun

voet m (plural voeten, diminutive voetje n)

voeten (plural)
voetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: voet

Jersey Dutch: vût

desc

Negerhollands: voet, voeti, fut, futu, vut

→ Virgin Islands Creole: voet (dated)

Skepi Creole Dutch: fut

→? Sranan Tongo: futu

→? Aukan: futu

→ Saramaccan: fútu

From Middle Dutch voet, from Old Dutch fuot, from Proto-West Germanic *fōt, from Proto-Germanic *fōts, from Proto-Indo-European *pṓds.

Dit gedicht heeft een ritme van vier voeten per vers.

This poem has a rhythm of four feet per line.

Een jambische pentameter heeft vijf voeten per vers.

An iambic pentameter has five feet per line.

(poetry) foot (most basic element of a metre)


oud

nl-adj

oud (comparative ouder, superlative oudst)

ouder (comparative)
oudst (superlative)
oud (adverbial positive predicative)
ouder (adverbial comparative predicative)
het oudst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het oudste (adverbial predicative superlative)
oude (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
oudere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
oudste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
oud (indefinite neuter positive singular)
ouder (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
oudste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
oude (indefinite plural positive)
oudere (comparative indefinite plural)
oudste (indefinite plural superlative)
oude (definite positive)
oudere (comparative definite)
oudste (definite superlative)
ouds (partitive positive)
ouders (comparative partitive)

Afrikaans: oud

Berbice Creole Dutch: hau

Jersey Dutch: āud, āut

Negerhollands: oud, ouw, houw, hou

Skepi Creole Dutch: ou, oud

West Flemish: elde

From Middle Dutch out, from Old Dutch alt, from Proto-West Germanic *ald, from Proto-Germanic *aldaz, from Proto-Indo-European *altós, *h₂eltós, from *h₂el- (“grow, nourish”).
Compare German alt, West Frisian âld, Low German old, English old.

De oude man en de zee.


kist

nl-noun

kist f or m (plural kisten, diminutive kistje n)

kisten (plural)
kistje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kis

Berbice Creole Dutch: kesi

Negerhollands: kist

→ Munsee: kusht

→ Sranan Tongo: kisi

→ Caribbean Hindustani: kisi

→ Saramaccan: kési

From Middle Dutch kiste, from Old Dutch *kista, from Proto-West Germanic *kistu, from Latin cista, from Ancient Greek κίστη (kístē), from Proto-Indo-European *kisteh₂.


meneer

meneer m (plural meneren, diminutive meneertje n)

meneren (plural)
meneertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: meneer

Petjo: m'nir, nir

Skepi Creole Dutch: meneer

→ Caribbean Javanese: menir

→ Indonesian: menir

→ Javanese: ꦩꦼꦤꦶꦂ (menir)

→ Papiamentu: mener

From earlier mijnheer, from Middle Dutch mijnhere. Equivalent to a univerbation of mijn (“my”) + heer (“lord”), formed similarly to English milord.


lach

nl-noun

lach m (uncountable, diminutive lachje n)


sigaret

sigaret f (plural sigaretten, diminutive sigaretje n)

sigaretten (plural)
sigaretje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: sigaret

Petjo: siharet, sikaret

→ Indonesian: sigaret

→ Saramaccan: sigaleti


Johannes

From Late Latin Iōhannēs, variant of Latin Iōannēs, from Koine Greek Ἰωάννης (Iōánnēs), from Biblical Hebrew יוֹחָנָן (Yôḥānān). Cognate with English John.


klomp

klomp m (plural klompen, diminutive klompje n)

klompen (plural)
klompje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: klomp

Berbice Creole Dutch: klumpu

Negerhollands: klomp, klump

→ English: klomp, clomp

→ Papiamentu: klòmpi, klompi, klòmp

→ Sranan Tongo: klompu

From Middle Dutch clompe (“lump or mass of metal, wooden shoe, clump”), from Old Dutch *klumpo, from Proto-Germanic *klumpô (“lump, clump, mass; clasp”), from Proto-Indo-European *glembʰ- (“clamp, mass”). Cognate with Old Frisian klumpa, English clump, Low German Klump, German Klumpen. Related to clamp.

der

a clump, nugget, lump (an unshaped piece or mass)

(field hockey) a kicker, protective footwear worn by goalkeepers


kruidnagel

nl-noun

kruidnagel m (plural kruidnagelen or kruidnagels, diminutive kruidnageltje n)

kruidnagelen (plural)
kruidnagels (plural)
kruidnageltje (diminutive neuter)

desc

→ Papiamentu: kreinagel, kreiná, krijdnagel

Syzygium aromaticum
Syzygium aromaticum#Translingual

clove, the dried, often ground flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum


asbak

nl-noun

asbak m (plural asbakken, diminutive asbakje n)

asbakken (plural)
asbakje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Javanese: asbag

→ Indonesian: asbak

→ Papiamentu: asbak


jurk

jurk f (plural jurken, diminutive jurkje n)

jurken (plural)
jurkje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: jurk

Uncertain. Possibly shortened from earlier *jurreken (compare English jerkin), assimilated from *jurneken, from Middle Dutch jo(u)rney, journede (“surcoat”), from Old French journée, formed from jor (“day (of the tournament)”), with the suffix -ade (“at, from or before”).
In the sense 'clothing' first found in 1691. In the 19th century the meaning shifted from children's to women's clothing.


aanvaller

aanvaller m (plural aanvallers, diminutive aanvallertje n)

aanvallers (plural)
aanvallertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: aanvaller


boterham

boterham m (plural boterhammen, diminutive boterhammetje n)

boterhammen (plural)
boterhammetje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: botterham

→ English: butter-ham

→ Indonesian: botram

→ Sranan Tongo: botran

→ West Frisian: boaterham

Alteration of earlier boteram, boterram, of uncertain origin. Possibly from boter (“butter”) + *ramme, *remme (“thick slice of bread”) (compare obsolete rammel, remmel (“thick slice of bread”) and West Flemish rammeke (“toasted sandwich”)). Alternatively perhaps from boter (“butter”) + *ham (“chunk”). Alternatively, short for boterenbroot (“buttered bread”). Unrelated to ham (“ham”). Related to Low German boteram and French bouterame, which are borrowed from the Dutch.


toreador

(bullfighting) torero, bullfighter, toreador


remise

nl-noun

remise f (plural remises, diminutive remisetje n)

remises (plural)
remisetje (diminutive neuter)


koerier

koerier m (plural koeriers, diminutive koeriertje n, feminine koerierster)

koeriers (plural)
koeriertje (diminutive neuter)
koerierster (feminine)

→ Indonesian: kurir


Esther

Ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἐσθήρ (Esthḗr), from Biblical Hebrew אֶסְתֵּר.

(biblical) Esther, the main character of the Book of Esther


consul

→ Papiamentu: kònsùl

From Middle Dutch consul, from Latin cōnsul.

nl:Consul (Rome)
nl:Consulaat (diplomatie)

(historical) consul (of the Roman Republic)


tet

From Hebrew טי״ת (tet). Doublet of thèta.


Portugese

Portugese f (plural Portugesen, diminutive Portugeesje n, masculine Portugees)

Portugesen (plural)
Portugeesje (diminutive neuter)
Portugees (masculine)


aas

aas m or n (plural azen, diminutive aasje n)

Afrikaans: aas

→ Indonesian: as

→ Papiamentu: as

→ Sranan Tongo: asi

From earlier ase, from Middle Dutch aes, from Old French as, from Latin as.


sultan

sultan m (plural sultans, feminine sultane)

From Turkish sultan, from Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān), from Aramaic שולטנא (šulṭānā, “strength, authority”).


illustrator

nl-noun

illustrator m (plural illustratoren or illustrators, diminutive illustratortje n, feminine illustratrice)

illustratoren (plural)
illustrators (plural)
illustratortje (diminutive neuter)
illustratrice (feminine)

From Latin illustrātor. Equivalent to illustreren + -ator.


honk

honk n (plural honken, diminutive honkje n)

honken (plural)
honkje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: honk (dated)

From Middle Dutch honc, likely through Old Dutch from Proto-Germanic *hank-, *hunk-. Only has cognates in the Frisian languages and possibly in the Old High German placename Hancwin. Since cognates outside of Germanic are lacking, the word is probably of substrate origin. Possibly related to haak (“hook”) and hoek (“corner”).

(games) base (safe zone, e.g. in baseball and similar sports)


smaken

smaken (infinitive)
smaken (gerund neuter)
smaak (first-person present singular)
smaakte (first-person past singular)
smaakt (present second-person singular)
smaak (present second-person singular)
smaakte (past second-person singular)
smaakt (formal present second-person singular)
smaakte (formal past second-person singular)
smaakt (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
smaakt (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
smaakte (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
smaakte (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
smaakt (present singular third-person)
smaakte (past singular third-person)
smaken (plural present)
smaakten (past plural)
smake (archaic present singular subjunctive)
smaakte (archaic past singular subjunctive)
smaken (archaic plural present subjunctive)
smaakten (archaic past plural subjunctive)
smaak (imperative present singular)
smaakt (archaic imperative plural present)
smakend (participle present)
gesmaakt (participle past)

Afrikaans: smaak

Negerhollands: smak

Skepi Creole Dutch: smack, smak

→ Papiamentu: smak, smaak (dated)

From Middle Dutch smaken, from Proto-West Germanic *smakēn (“to taste”). Equivalent to smaak + -en.

inh

Deze soep smaakt me goed.


prosecco

nl-noun

prosecco m (plural prosecco's, diminutive proseccootje n)

prosecco's (plural)
proseccootje (diminutive neuter)


sigaar

sigaar f (plural sigaren, diminutive sigaartje n)

sigaren (plural)
sigaartje (diminutive neuter)

Petjo: sigé

→ Indonesian: sigar

→ Papiamentu: sigaar (dated)

→ Sranan Tongo: sigara

→ Lokono: sigara

Borrowed from French cigare, from Spanish cigarro.


roken

roken (infinitive)
roken (gerund neuter)
rook (first-person present singular)
rookte (first-person past singular)
rookt (present second-person singular)
rook (present second-person singular)
rookte (past second-person singular)
rookt (formal present second-person singular)
rookte (formal past second-person singular)
rookt (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
rookt (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
rookte (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
rookte (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
rookt (present singular third-person)
rookte (past singular third-person)
roken (plural present)
rookten (past plural)
roke (archaic present singular subjunctive)
rookte (archaic past singular subjunctive)
roken (archaic plural present subjunctive)
rookten (archaic past plural subjunctive)
rook (imperative present singular)
rookt (archaic imperative plural present)
rokend (participle present)
gerookt (participle past)

Afrikaans: rook

Negerhollands: rook

desctree

→ Malay: rokok
Indonesian: rokok
→ Petjo: rokok

From Middle Dutch rôken. Equivalent to rook + -en.

We roken een sigaret.

Maar ik rook niet.

Vroeger werd er in zeemansbuurten veel opium gerookt.

People used to smoke a lot of opium in the sailors' districts.

Hij drinkt graag gerookte thee.

(intransitive, transitive) to smoke (a tobacco product, another drug, a surrogate, a foodstuff)


jurist

nl-noun

jurist m (plural juristen, diminutive juristje n)

juristen (plural)
juristje (diminutive neuter)


florist

florist m (plural floristen, diminutive floristje n)

floristen (plural)
floristje (diminutive neuter)

Early 17th century. Possibly borrowed from English florist or French fleuriste.

(botany) one who engages in the study of wild flora (floristics)


vuurwapen

vuurwapen n (plural vuurwapens, diminutive vuurwapentje n)

vuurwapens (plural)
vuurwapentje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: senjata api (calque)


trekker

trekker m (plural trekkers, diminutive trekkertje n)

trekkers (plural)
trekkertje (diminutive neuter)

Jersey Dutch: träkker

From Middle Dutch trecker. Equivalent to trekken + -er. The sense “tractor” is a phono-semantic matching of English tractor. Compare the same in German Trecker.


ijs

Afrikaans: ys

Petjo: es

→ Caribbean Javanese: ès

→ Indonesian: es

→ Papiamentu: eis

→ Sranan Tongo: èisi, hèisi

→ Aukan: eisi

→ Saramaccan: eísí

From Middle Dutch ijs, from Old Dutch *īs, from Proto-West Germanic *īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą.

Ik lust wel wat ijs.


peetvader

nl-noun

peetvader m (plural peetvaders, diminutive peetvadertje n)

peetvaders (plural)
peetvadertje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of peet + vader. The sense “mob leader” is influenced by English godfather, in particular by The Godfather.


beheerder

beheerder m (plural beheerders, diminutive beheerdertje n)

beheerders (plural)
beheerdertje (diminutive neuter)

manager, warden, administrator, curator, steward


jenever

jenever m (plural jenevers, diminutive jenevertje n)

jenevers (plural)
jenevertje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Javanese: jenèwer

→ English: jenever

→ Indonesian: jenewer

desc

→ Papiamentu: yanefer, yènefer, zjenever

→ Sranan Tongo: yaneyfri

→ Swedish: genever

From Middle Dutch jenever, genever, geniver, from Old French genevre, from Vulgar Latin ziniperus, from Latin iūniperus (“juniper”).

Iö den dappren wever! / De vederbos knikt op zijn hoed; / Hij ademt wraak, heeft dorst naar bloed, / En lescht dien met jenever.

1814, Elias Annes Borger, De vaderlander:


toorn

Negerhollands: toorn

From Middle Dutch torn, from Old Dutch *torn, from Proto-Germanic *turnaz. Cognate with German Zorn.
Attested since 1240.


Israël

Afrikaans: Israel

→ Indonesian: Israel

From Middle Dutch israel, from Old Dutch israel, from Latin Isrāēl, from Ancient Greek Ἰσρᾱήλ (Isrāḗl), from Biblical Hebrew יִשְׂרָאֵל.

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)

(biblical) Israel (A Biblical region of Western Asia roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel, known in the Bible as the Land of Israel and considered the ancestral homeland of the Jewish people)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern State of Israel and the Land of Israel)

(historical) Israel (an ancient kingdom that occupied the northern part of the Land of Israel and modern State of Israel, as distinct from Judah)


pizzeria

nl-noun

pizzeria m (plural pizzeria's, diminutive pizzeriaatje n)

pizzeria's (plural)
pizzeriaatje (diminutive neuter)


soulmate

soulmate m (plural soulmates, diminutive soulmateje n)

soulmates (plural)
soulmateje (diminutive neuter)


paal

paal m (plural palen, diminutive paaltje n)

palen (plural)
paaltje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: paal
→ Tsonga: pala
→ Xhosa: ipala

→ Caribbean Hindustani: pál

→ Caribbean Javanese: pal

→ Guyanese Creole English: paal

→ Indonesian: pal (“milestone”)

→ Papiamentu: palu

From Middle Dutch pâel, from Old Dutch pāl, borrowed from Latin pālus.


kram

nl-noun

kram f (plural krammen, diminutive krammetje n)

krammen (plural)
krammetje (diminutive neuter)

desc

→ Papiamentu: kramchi, kranchi, kramtsje (from the diminutive)

From Middle Dutch cramme, from Middle Dutch crimmen (“to catch, grab (with claws)”), from Proto-West Germanic *krimman.

der

staple (U-shaped metal fastener to bind materials together, for example to attach fence wire to posts)


metselaar

nl-noun

metselaar m (plural metselaars, diminutive metselaartje n, feminine metselaarster)

metselaars (plural)
metselaartje (diminutive neuter)
metselaarster (feminine)

Afrikaans: messelaar

Negerhollands: metselaar

desc

→ Papiamentu: mètsla, mèrsla, mèsla, meslaar, messelaar

→ Sranan Tongo: mesreman, meslari, messelar

→ Caribbean Hindustani: mesremán

→ Saramaccan: mésema

From Middle Dutch metselare. Equivalent to metselen + -aar.


nar

nl-noun

nar m or c (plural narren, diminutive narretje n)

narren (plural)
narretje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: nar

From Middle Dutch narre, borrowed from Middle High German narre, from Old High German narro, further etymology unknown; compare German Narr.


hertog

hertog m (plural hertogen, diminutive hertogje n, feminine hertogin)

hertogen (plural)
hertogje (diminutive neuter)
hertogin (feminine)

Afrikaans: hertog

From Middle Dutch hertōge, from Old Dutch *heritogo, from Proto-West Germanic *haritogō.


zugzwang

(chess) zugzwang (situation in which a disadvantageous move is forced on a player)


saté

saté m (plural satés, diminutive sateetje n)

satés (plural)
sateetje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Indonesian sate, from Malay sate (“satay”).


chemise

chemise f (plural chemises, diminutive chemisetje n)

chemises (plural)
chemisetje (diminutive neuter)

Unadapted borrowing from French chemise. Doublet of hemd.


pyjama

pyjama m (plural pyjama's, diminutive pyjamaatje n)

pyjama's (plural)
pyjamaatje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: piyama

Borrowed from English pyjamas, with spelling pronunciation, from pai jamahs (“loose trousers tied at the waist, worn by Muslims in India”), adopted by colonials, especially for nightwear, probably from Hindi पैजामा (paijāmā, “pajama”), itself from Persian پایجامه.

der

Persian پایجامه

pyjamas, a matching set of light material trousers and vest for wearing to bed and sleeping in


amaretto

nl-noun

amaretto m (plural amaretto's, diminutive amarettootje n)

amaretto's (plural)
amarettootje (diminutive neuter)


kroon

kroon f (plural kronen, diminutive kroontje n)

kronen (plural)
kroontje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kroon

→ Indonesian: kerun

Negerhollands: kroon

From Middle Dutch crône, from Old Dutch corōna, from Proto-West Germanic *korōnā, from Latin corōna. Doublet of kruin and corona.

crown
part of a tooth not covered by gum


onderwijzer

onderwijzer m (plural onderwijzers, diminutive onderwijzertje n, feminine onderwijzeres)

onderwijzers (plural)
onderwijzertje (diminutive neuter)
onderwijzeres (feminine)

Afrikaans: onderwyser

From Middle Dutch onderwiser. Equivalent to onderwijzen + -er.


pak

pak n (plural pakken, diminutive pakje n)

pakken (plural)
pakje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: pak

Skepi Creole Dutch: paki

→ Caribbean Javanese: pag

desctree

→ French: paquet
→ Catalan: paquet
→ German: Paket
→ Romanian: pachet
Russian: пакет (paket)
Bulgarian: пакет (paket)
Ukrainian: пакет (paket)
→ Ottoman Turkish: پاكت (paket)
Turkish: paket
→ Persian: پاکت (pâkat)
→ Sicilian: pachettu
→ Spanish: paquete

→ Indonesian: pak

→ Papiamentu: paki

→ Sranan Tongo: paki

→ Caribbean Hindustani: páki

→ Kari'na: paki

From Middle Dutch pac, from Old Dutch *pakko, from Proto-Germanic *pakkô.


bruid

nl-noun

bruid f (plural bruiden, diminutive bruidje n)

bruiden (plural)
bruidje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: bruid

Negerhollands: bruid

→ Papiamentu: brùit, breit, breid

From Middle Dutch bruut, from Old Dutch *brūd, from Proto-West Germanic *brūdi, from Proto-Germanic *brūdiz. Compare German Braut, West Frisian breid, English bride, Danish brud.


handstand

handstand m (plural handstanden, diminutive handstandje n)

handstanden (plural)
handstandje (diminutive neuter)


weduwe

weduwe f (plural weduwen or weduwes, diminutive weduwtje n or weduwetje n, masculine weduwnaar)

weduwen (plural)
weduwes (plural)
weduwtje (diminutive neuter)
weduwetje (diminutive neuter)
weduwnaar (masculine)

Afrikaans: weduwee

Negerhollands: weduwe

→ Caribbean Hindustani: widhwá

From Middle Dutch weduwe, Old Dutch *widuwa, from Proto-West Germanic *widuwā, from Proto-Germanic *widuwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂ (“widow”). Compare German Witwe, English widow.


moe

moe f (plural moeken, diminutive moeke n or moetje n)

moeken (plural)
moeke (diminutive neuter)
moetje (diminutive neuter)


rij

rij f (plural rijen, diminutive rijtje n)

rijen (plural)
rijtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: ry

Negerhollands: rieg

→ Aukan: lei

→ Caribbean Javanese: rèi

From Middle Dutch rië, from Old Dutch *rīa, from Proto-West Germanic *rīhan.


sliding

sliding m (plural slidings, diminutive slidinkje n)

slidings (plural)
slidinkje (diminutive neuter)

(rowing) slide, track (one of two parallel grooves that guide the small wheels of a sliding seat in a rowing boat)


dikkop

dikkop m (plural dikkoppen, diminutive dikkopje n)

dikkoppen (plural)
dikkopje (diminutive neuter)

(sports) runner doped up on human growth hormone


telo

From Caribbean Javanese telo, from Javanese ꦠꦺꦭ (téla), a variant of ꦏꦠꦺꦭ (katéla), a word for non-native tuberous plants that was borrowed from Portuguese Castela and thus ultimately derives from Latin castellum, making this a doublet of ketella, kasteel, chateau, Castilië, Kessel, and castellum. Cognate to Indonesian ketela.

doublet

(originally Suriname) a snack made of fried cassava


conducteur

nl-noun

conducteur m (plural conducteurs, diminutive conducteurtje n, feminine conductrice)

conducteurs (plural)
conducteurtje (diminutive neuter)
conductrice (feminine)

→ Indonesian: kondektur

→ Papiamentu: kòndùktùr

Borrowed from Middle French conducteur, from Latin conductor, from condūcō (“lead, bring or draw together”), itself from con- (“with, together”) + dūcō (“lead, guide”).

(transport) conductor (ticket collector)


nasi

Indonesian-style processed rice (mainly about fried rice in general)

nasi goreng: Indonesian fried rice (originally from Javanese cuisine)


kous

kous f (plural kousen, diminutive kousje n)

kousen (plural)
kousje (diminutive neuter)

desctree

Afrikaans: kous
→ Sotho: kausi
→ Xhosa: ikawusi

Berbice Creole Dutch: kausu

Negerhollands: koussen, kous

→ Lokono: kauso

→ Caribbean Javanese: kaos

→ Danish: kovs

→ German: Kausch

→ Gusilay: ekawaas, gakawaas (possibly via Wolof)

→ Indonesian: kaus

→ Mandinka: kàwáasí (possibly via Wolof)

→ Norwegian Bokmål: kause

→ Polish: kausza

→ Russian: коуш (kouš)

→ Sranan Tongo: kowsu
→ Aukan: kowsu
→ Caribbean Hindustani: kausu
→ Kari'na: kosu
→ Saramaccan: köúsa

→? Swedish: kaus (alternatively from Low German)

→ Finnish: kaussi

→ Wolof: kawas

From Middle Dutch couse, from Picard Old French cauce, from Vulgar Latin calcea, from Latin calceus.

mantle (incandescent covering of a heat source)


zat

nl-adj

zat (comparative zatter, superlative zatst)

zatter (comparative)
zatst (superlative)
zat (adverbial positive predicative)
zatter (adverbial comparative predicative)
het zatst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het zatste (adverbial predicative superlative)
zatte (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
zattere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
zatste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
zat (indefinite neuter positive singular)
zatter (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
zatste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
zatte (indefinite plural positive)
zattere (comparative indefinite plural)
zatste (indefinite plural superlative)
zatte (definite positive)
zattere (comparative definite)
zatste (definite superlative)
zats (partitive positive)
zatters (comparative partitive)

From Middle Dutch sat, from Old Dutch *sat, *sad, from Proto-West Germanic *sad, from Proto-Germanic *sadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂-. Compare German satt, English sad, Danish sat.

Na het feest kwam hij zat thuis.


roti

nl-noun

roti m (plural roti's, diminutive rotietje n)

roti's (plural)
rotietje (diminutive neuter)

From Caribbean Hindustani roti, possibly via Sranan Tongo roti, ultimately from Hindi रोटी (roṭī).

(originally Suriname, Netherlands) the Indian Surinamese version of roti; a soft, flexible, unleavened flatbread of about 20-30 centimetres in diameter, usually with a potato or pea filling baked into it


slager

slager m (plural slagers, diminutive slagertje n)

slagers (plural)
slagertje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch slager. Equivalent to slaan + -er.

Je wilt niet dat de slager zijn eigen vlees keurt.

You don't want a butcher to assess his own meat. (i.e., judgment of one's own work is unreliable due to bias)

butcher (one who prepares and sells meat and meat products)


burgemeester

burgemeester m (plural burgemeesters, feminine burgemeesteres)

burgemeesters (plural)
burgemeesteres (feminine)

Afrikaans: burgemeester

→ English: burgomaster

→ French: bourgmestre

From Middle Dutch borchmeester, borgermeester. Corresponding to either a compound of burg (“burgh, town”) or burger (“citizen”) + meester (“master”).

mayor, burgomaster (head of a city or municipality)

kleine burgemeester
kleine burgemeester#Dutch

Synonym of kleine burgemeester (“Larus glaucoides”)

grote burgemeester
grote burgemeester#Dutch

Synonym of grote burgemeester (“Larus hyperboreus”)


Eva

From Middle Dutch eva, from Latin Eva, from Ancient Greek Εὔᾱ (Eúā), from Biblical Hebrew חַוָּה.

(biblical) Eve (mythological first woman)


broche

broche f or n (plural broches, diminutive brocheje n or brochetje n)

broches (plural)
brocheje (diminutive neuter)
brochetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: bros


arbitrage

→ Indonesian: arbitrase

Unadapted borrowing from French arbitrage.


komma

nl-noun

komma f (plural komma's, diminutive kommaatje n)

komma's (plural)
kommaatje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: komma

→ Indonesian: koma

→ Papiamentu: kòma

→ Sranan Tongo: koma

→ West Frisian: komma

Borrowed from French comma, from Latin comma, from Ancient Greek κόμμα (kómma).


vlas

→? Mahican: pnax

From Middle Dutch vlas, from Old Dutch *flas, from earlier *flahs, from Proto-Germanic *flahsą, from Proto-Indo-European *pleḱ- (“to fold, plait, weave”); thus distantly related to vlechten.

der

Linum usitatissimum
Linum usitatissimum#Translingual


maillot

nl-noun

maillot n or m (plural maillots, diminutive maillotje n)

maillots (plural)
maillotje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French maillot (“shirt, leotard”).


tolk

tolk m (plural tolken, diminutive tolkje n)

tolken (plural)
tolkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: tolk

→ Fanagalo: tolik (or via Zulu)

→ Caribbean Hindustani: tolak

→ Caribbean Javanese: toleg

From Middle Dutch tolic, from Middle High German tolk, from Old East Slavic тълкъ (tŭlkŭ), толкъ (tolkŭ), from Proto-Slavic *tъlkъ.

an interpreter, one who translates/interprets speech in another language and vice versa


mam

mam f (plural mammen, diminutive mammetje n)

mammen (plural)
mammetje (diminutive neuter)


Achab

From Middle Dutch achab, from Latin Achab, from Ancient Greek Ἀχαάβ (Akhaáb), from Biblical Hebrew אַחְאָב (ʼAḥʼāḇ, “uncle”).

der

Ahab (historical king of Israel in Samaria, Biblical figure)


colère

nl-noun

colère f (plural colères, diminutive [please provide])


hocus pocus

Hocus pocus pilatus pas, ik wou dat het eindelijk weer zomer was.

Hocus-pocus, I wish it was finally summer again.


pancetta

pancetta f (plural pancetta's, diminutive pancettatje n)

pancetta's (plural)
pancettatje (diminutive neuter)


stracciatella

Borrowed from Italian stracciatella, from stracciare (“to rip, to tear up”), of ultimate Latin origin.


haakbus

haakbus m (plural haakbussen, diminutive haakbusje n)

haakbussen (plural)
haakbusje (diminutive neuter)


matroos

matroos m (plural matrozen, diminutive matroosje n)

matrozen (plural)
matroosje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: matroos

→ Lokono: matoroso

→ Caribbean Javanese: matrus

→ Danish: matros

→ English: matross

→ German: Matrose

→ Hungarian: matróz

→ Indonesian: matros

→ Japanese: マドロス

→ Papiamentu: matros, matroos

desctree

→ Russian: матро́с (matrós)
→ Ukrainian: матро́с (matrós)
→ Uzbek: matros

→ Sranan Tongo: matrosi

→ Swedish: matros

→ Finnish: matruusi

→ West Frisian: matroas

From Middle French matelots pl (“sailors”), from Old French matenot (“sailor, bunkmate”), most likely from Middle Dutch mattenoot (“bunk fellow”) or less likely Old Norse mǫtunautr (“food companion”).


ober

nl-noun

ober m (plural obers, diminutive obertje n)

obers (plural)
obertje (diminutive neuter)

From German Ober, short for Oberkellner (“head waiter”). Compare Dutch kelner, which is also borrowed from German. In both Dutch and German, the distinction between ober/Ober and kelner/Kellner is now neglected.

Ober, mag ik de menukaart alstublieft?

De obers waren druk bezig met het serveren van de gasten.

The waiters were busy serving the guests.

Dat obertje was erg behulpzaam en vriendelijk.

That young waiter was very helpful and friendly.


schaak

→ Indonesian: sekak

→ Javanese: ꦱꦼꦏꦏ꧀ (sekak)

→ Papiamentu: skaf, skak, schaak

From Middle Dutch schaec, from Old French escac or directly from Medieval Latin scaccus, from Arabic شَاه (šāh), from Classical Persian شاه (šāh, “king”).


goudsmid

goudsmid m (plural goudsmeden, diminutive goudsmidje n)

goudsmeden (plural)
goudsmidje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: goud smit

→ Sranan Tongo: gowtusmeti


zilversmid

zilversmid m (plural zilversmeden, diminutive zilversmidje n)

zilversmeden (plural)
zilversmidje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: silversmid

From Middle Dutch silversmit. Equivalent to zilver + smid.


ingenieur

ingenieur m (plural ingenieurs, diminutive ingenieurtje n)

ingenieurs (plural)
ingenieurtje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: insinyur

/ˌɪŋ.ɣeːˈnjøːr/


speleoloog

speleoloog m (plural speleologen, diminutive speleoloogje n, feminine speleologe)

speleologen (plural)
speleoloogje (diminutive neuter)
speleologe (feminine)


immigratie

Afrikaans: immigrasie

→ Caribbean Javanese: imigrasi

→ Indonesian: imigrasi


Sara

From Middle Dutch sara, from Latin Sara, from Ancient Greek Σᾱ́ρᾱ (Sā́rā), from Hebrew שָׂרָה.

der

Hebrew שָׂרָה


bomen

(intransitive, hunting) to land on a tree (of a pheasant)


Johanna

From Middle Dutch Johanna, from Latin Iōhannā, from Ancient Greek Ἰωάννᾱ (Iōánnā), from Hebrew יוֹחָנָה.

Hebrew יוֹחָנָה


ratatouille

Learned borrowing from French ratatouille, from Occitan ratatolha. The French is analysable as a derivative of touiller (“to stir”), from Latin tudiculare (“to grind, to mix”). Doublet of the popular borrowing ratjetoe.

lbor

ratatouille: a traditional French Provençal stewed vegetable dish consisting primarily of tomatoes, zucchini and eggplant, with other ingredients


krater

nl-noun

krater m (plural kraters, diminutive kratertje n)

kraters (plural)
kratertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: krater

→ West Frisian: krater

Borrowed from Latin crātēr, from Ancient Greek κρᾱτήρ (krātḗr).

(archaeology) krater (Ancient Greek vessel)


mevrouw

mevrouw f (plural mevrouwen, diminutive mevrouwtje n)

mevrouwen (plural)
mevrouwtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: mevrou

From late Middle Dutch mevrouwe. Equivalent to a univerbation of mijn (“my”) + vrouw (“lady”), formed similar to English milady.


kleren

nl-noun

kleren pl (plural only, diminutive kleertjes n)

Negerhollands: kleer, klėėr

Skepi Creole Dutch: kler

Alternative form of klederen (with regular loss of intervocalic -d-; compare leder / leer), archaic plural form of kleed.

Ik heb nieuwe kleren gekocht.

Haar kleren waren nat van de regen.

De kinderen droegen kleurrijke kleertjes tijdens het feest.

The children wore colorful clothes during the party.


beignet

beignet c (plural beignets, diminutive beignetje n)

beignets (plural)
beignetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Sranan Tongo: benye


glimlachen

glimlachen (infinitive)
glimlachen (gerund neuter)
glimlach (first-person present singular)
glimlachte (first-person past singular)
glimlacht (present second-person singular)
glimlach (present second-person singular)
glimlachte (past second-person singular)
glimlacht (formal present second-person singular)
glimlachte (formal past second-person singular)
glimlacht (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
glimlacht (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
glimlachte (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
glimlachte (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
glimlacht (present singular third-person)
glimlachte (past singular third-person)
glimlachen (plural present)
glimlachten (past plural)
glimlache (archaic present singular subjunctive)
glimlachte (archaic past singular subjunctive)
glimlachen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
glimlachten (archaic past plural subjunctive)
glimlach (imperative present singular)
glimlacht (archaic imperative plural present)
glimlachend (participle present)
geglimlacht (participle past)

Afrikaans: glimlag


piloot

piloot m (plural piloten, diminutive pilootje n)

piloten (plural)
pilootje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: pilot

From Middle French pilot, pillot, from Italian piloto, from Late Latin pillottus; perhaps ultimately from Ancient Greek πηδόν (pēdón, “blade of an oar, oar”).


maté

mate (tea-like beverage made with yerba mate)


toren

nl-noun

toren m (plural torens, diminutive torentje n)

torens (plural)
torentje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: toring

Negerhollands: tooren, torm, toorn

→ Aukan: tolen

→ Saramaccan: tolu

From Middle Dutch torre, from Old Dutch turn, from Old French tur, from Latin turris.


samosa

samosa f (plural samosa's, diminutive samosaatje n)

samosa's (plural)
samosaatje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Hindustani سموسہ (samosa) / समोसा (samosā), likely via some intermediary (possibly Caribbean Hindustani samosá), from Classical Persian سنبوسه (sanbōsa /sambōsa/).

der

Recept voor , SAMOSA Indiase pittige hapjes, voor bij koffie, thee of borrel.

1970 November 28, “Een pittig hapje [A spicy snack]”, in Algemeen Dagblad:

Recipe for samosa, Indian spicy hors d'oeuvres, to go with coffee, tea, or drinks.

Mikel Munge, onze grote vriend, hoofd van het wildbeschermingskorps in Galole was overgeplaatst naar Ngong in de buurt van Nairobi. Op de klub was er een afscheidsfeest voor hem. Eerst waren er de vele toespraken, en daarna gingen de schalen met geroosterde geit voorbij. Gloeiend hete bloedworst, samoesa's stevig gekruid, en bij dat alles een lekkere slok bier.

1971 March 5, Schrijfkouter, “Erf en akker”, in ZLM Land- en Tuinbouwblad, Goes: Maatschappij tot bevordering van landbouw, tuinbouw en veeteelt in Zeeland en Noord-Brabant:

Mikel Munge, our great friend, head of the wildlife protection corps in Galole, had been transferred to Ngong, near Nairobi. A farewell party in his honour was held at the club. First many speeches were given, before platters of roasted goat were passed around. Piping hot blood sausage, samosas heavily spiced, all accompanied by a fine swig of beer.


Elisabeth

From Middle Dutch elisabeth, from Latin Elisabeth, from Koine Greek Ἐλισάβετ (Elisábet), from Biblical Hebrew אלישבע.


neef

nl-noun

neef m (plural neven, diminutive neefje n)

neven (plural)
neefje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: neef

→ Papiamentu: neefie (dated)

→ Sranan Tongo: nefo, neifo

→ Dutch: niffo

→ West Frisian: neef

From Middle Dutch nēve, from Old Dutch *nefo, nevo, from Proto-West Germanic *nefō, from Proto-Germanic *nefô, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts. Doublet of niffo.

Mijn neef woont in België en we bezoeken hem elk jaar.

My male cousin lives in Belgium and we visit him every year.

Tijdens familiereünies zie ik al mijn neven.

During family reunions, I see all my male cousins.

Ik kocht een cadeau voor mijn neefje zijn verjaardag.

I bought a gift for my nephew's birthday.

Mijn zus heeft twee zoons, dus ik heb twee neven.

My sister has two sons, so I have two nephews.


zwager

zwager m (plural zwagers, diminutive zwagertje n)

zwagers (plural)
zwagertje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: swaer

Berbice Creole Dutch: swagri

Negerhollands: swaeger

→ Papiamentu: swa, sua
→ Dutch: swa

desctree

→ Sranan Tongo: swagri
→ Aukan: swagi
→ Caribbean Javanese: swagri
→ Saramaccan: suwági

From Middle Dutch swager, from Old Dutch *swāgar, from Proto-West Germanic *swāgr, from Proto-Germanic *swēgraz.

(chiefly Netherlands) brother-in-law (brother of one's spouse or husband of one's sibling)


schoonbroer

nl-noun

schoonbroer m (plural schoonbroers, diminutive schoonbroertje n)

schoonbroers (plural)
schoonbroertje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: skonbutji (from the diminutive)

From schoon + broer, calque of Middle French beau-frere.

(chiefly Belgium and Suriname) brother-in-law


snaphaan

snaphaan m (plural snaphanen, diminutive snaphaantje n)

snaphanen (plural)
snaphaantje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: snapan

→ Biak: sinapan

→ Burmese: သေနတ် (senat)

desc

→ Mon: သေနာတ်

→ Mon: သေနာတ်

→ English: snaphaan, snaphance

→ Indonesian: senapan

→ Malay: senapang

→ West Frisian: snaphoanne (calque)

Borrowed from German Schnapphahn (“robber on horseback”). Equivalent to snappen (“to get, to apprehend”) + haan (“rooster, cock”).


pistolet

nl-noun

pistolet m (plural pistolets, diminutive pistoletje n)

pistolets (plural)
pistoletje (diminutive neuter)


suikerspin

suikerspin m or f (plural suikerspinnen, diminutive suikerspinnetje n)

suikerspinnen (plural)
suikerspinnetje (diminutive neuter)


snoep

Back-formation from snoepen. Attested from the 17th century.


pepermunt

pepermunt f (plural pepermunten, diminutive pepermuntje n)

pepermunten (plural)
pepermuntje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: peperment

→ Caribbean Javanese: permèn

desc

→ Indonesian: permen (“candy, sweet”), pepermin (“peppermint”)

→ Papiamentu: pepermint (dated)

From peper + munt, Calque of translingual Mentha × piperita.


pijnboompit

nl-noun

pijnboompit m (plural pijnboompitten, diminutive pijnboompitje n)

pijnboompitten (plural)
pijnboompitje (diminutive neuter)


Aäron

Ultimately from Biblical Hebrew אַהֲרֹן (aharōn).

a male given name from Hebrew, equivalent to English Aaron


veganist

veganist m (plural veganisten, diminutive veganistje n, feminine veganiste)

veganisten (plural)
veganistje (diminutive neuter)
veganiste (feminine)


spiritus

spiritus m (plural spiritussen or spiritus, diminutive spiritusje n)

spiritussen (plural)
spiritus (plural)
spiritusje (diminutive neuter)

desc

→ Indonesian: spiritus (“methylated spirit”)

→ Papiamentu: spíritùs

(orthography) a kind of diacritic used on Ancient Greek vowels to indicate aspiration or lack thereof. See spiritus asper and spiritus lenis


stadion

nl-noun

stadion n (plural stadions, diminutive stadionnetje n)

stadions (plural)
stadionnetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: stadion

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek στάδιον (stádion), from στάδιος (stádios), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂-.


Epicurus

From Latin Epicūrus, from Ancient Greek Ἐπίκουρος (Epíkouros).


Matthias

(biblical) Alternative form of Mattias, Matthias, an apostle


moonwalk

nl-noun

moonwalk m (plural moonwalken, diminutive moonwalkje n)

moonwalken (plural)
moonwalkje (diminutive neuter)


animator

animator m (plural animatoren, diminutive animatortje n)

animatoren (plural)
animatortje (diminutive neuter)


harpist

harpist m (plural harpisten, diminutive harpistje n, feminine harpiste)

harpisten (plural)
harpistje (diminutive neuter)
harpiste (feminine)


molenaar

molenaar m (plural molenaars, diminutive molenaartje n, feminine molenaarster)

molenaars (plural)
molenaartje (diminutive neuter)
molenaarster (feminine)

Inherited from Middle Dutch molenare, from Latin molīnārius. Equivalent to molen (“mill”) + -aar (“-er”).

De molenaar maalde het koren.


Big Mac

Big Mac m (plural Big Macs, diminutive Big Macje n)

Big Macs (plural)
Big Macje (diminutive neuter)


teddybeer

teddybeer m (plural teddyberen, diminutive teddybeertje n)

teddyberen (plural)
teddybeertje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from English teddybear. Named after Theodore Roosevelt, who was nicknamed "Teddy".


HM

(title of a queen) Initialism of Hare Majesteit.


spits

spits f (plural spitsen, diminutive spitsje n)

spitsen (plural)
spitsje (diminutive neuter)

(sports) a striker (both the position and the player), often referring to the centre forward


harten

harten m or f (plural hartens or harten, diminutive hartentje n)

hartens (plural)
harten (plural)
hartentje (diminutive neuter)

→ Bengali: হরতন (horton)

→ Unami: halet


uppercut

uppercut m (plural uppercuts, diminutive uppercutje n)

uppercuts (plural)
uppercutje (diminutive neuter)


sinaasappelsap

sinaasappelsap n (uncountable, diminutive sinaasappelsapje n)

Compound of sinaasappel (“orange”) + sap (“juice”).


rode wijn

nl-noun

rode wijn m (plural rode wijnen, diminutive rood wijntje n)

rode wijnen (plural)
rood wijntje (diminutive neuter)


witte wijn

witte wijn m (plural witte wijnen, diminutive wit wijntje n)

witte wijnen (plural)
wit wijntje (diminutive neuter)


violist

violist m (plural violisten, diminutive violistje n, feminine violiste)

violisten (plural)
violistje (diminutive neuter)
violiste (feminine)


boekwinkel

boekwinkel m (plural boekwinkels, diminutive boekwinkeltje n)

boekwinkels (plural)
boekwinkeltje (diminutive neuter)

→ Sranan Tongo: buku-wenkri


schoen

schoen m (plural schoenen, diminutive schoentje n)

schoenen (plural)
schoentje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: skoen

Berbice Creole Dutch: skun

Negerhollands: skoen, skun, skon, skuen

Skepi Creole Dutch: skun

From Middle Dutch schoe, from Old Dutch skuo, from Proto-West Germanic *skōh, from Proto-Germanic *skōhaz. The original Middle Dutch plural was schoen, which was reanalysed as a singular form.


overhemd

overhemd n (plural overhemden, diminutive overhemdje n)

overhemden (plural)
overhemdje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: oorhemp

→ West Frisian: oerhimd (calque)


stropdas

stropdas f (plural stropdassen, diminutive stropdasje n)

stropdassen (plural)
stropdasje (diminutive neuter)

Compound of strop (“slip knot”) + das (“tie”).

Voor begrafenis, bruiloft of dopen droegen de mannen een donkerblauw kostuum met een witte streep, wit overhemd en stropdas.

For funerals, weddings, and christenings, the men wore a dark blue suit with a white pinstripe pattern, white dress shirt, and a tie.


oorbel

oorbel f or m (plural oorbellen, diminutive oorbelletje n)

oorbellen (plural)
oorbelletje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: oorbel

1784, Alex Balthazaar, Chirurgia practica, of oefenende heelkunde, publ. by J. B. Elwe, page 178.
§ 369. Wanneer, door de mode om zwaare oorbellen te draagen, de oorlellen zijn doorgeſcheurd, dan kan men dit gebrek, met de boorden van de ſpleet rauw te maaken, en zamentehegten,ligtelijk herſtellen.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

earring (piece of pierced ear jewelry of any type)


buschauffeur

buschauffeur m (plural buschauffeurs, diminutive buschauffeurtje n, feminine buschauffeuse)

buschauffeurs (plural)
buschauffeurtje (diminutive neuter)
buschauffeuse (feminine)

/ˈbʏʃoːˌføːr/

/ˈbʏʃɑu̯ˌføːr/

Compound of bus (“bus”) + chauffeur (“driver”).

Hé buschauffeur, / de hele bus moet plassen.

Hey bus driver, / everybody on the bus has to pee.


jongeling

jongeling m (plural jongelingen, diminutive jongelingetje n)

jongelingen (plural)
jongelingetje (diminutive neuter)

Diachronically from Middle Dutch jongelinc, from Old Dutch iungelig, from Proto-Germanic *jungilingaz. By surface analysis, jong + -ling.


Jonas

From Middle Dutch Jonas, from Latin Iōnās, from Ancient Greek Ἰωνᾶς (Iōnâs), from Biblical Hebrew יוֹנָה.


heerlijk

nl-adj

heerlijk (comparative heerlijker, superlative heerlijkst)

heerlijker (comparative)
heerlijkst (superlative)
heerlijk (adverbial positive predicative)
heerlijker (adverbial comparative predicative)
het heerlijkst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het heerlijkste (adverbial predicative superlative)
heerlijke (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
heerlijkere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
heerlijkste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
heerlijk (indefinite neuter positive singular)
heerlijker (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
heerlijkste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
heerlijke (indefinite plural positive)
heerlijkere (comparative indefinite plural)
heerlijkste (indefinite plural superlative)
heerlijke (definite positive)
heerlijkere (comparative definite)
heerlijkste (definite superlative)
heerlijks (partitive positive)
heerlijkers (comparative partitive)

Afrikaans: heerlik

Negerhollands: heerlik

From Middle Dutch heerlijc; compare German herrlich, West Frisian hearlik. Equivalent to heer + -lijk.


gids

nl-noun

gids m (plural gidsen, diminutive gidsje n)

gidsen (plural)
gidsje (diminutive neuter)

→ West Frisian: gids

Uncertain, may be borrowed from Romani gaʒo, gadjo (“non-Romani; farmer”), with influence from French guide.

Dan kan de gids ons de stad laten zien.

Vergeet de gids niet.


vertaler

vertaler m (plural vertalers, diminutive vertalertje n, feminine vertaalster)

vertalers (plural)
vertalertje (diminutive neuter)
vertaalster (feminine)


pruik

pruik f (plural pruiken, diminutive pruikje n)

pruiken (plural)
pruikje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: parik

→ Papiamentu: preik, pruik (dated)

Early modern Dutch peruick/pairuque, borrowed from Middle French perruque.


fiets

fiets f (plural fietsen, diminutive fietsje n)

fietsen (plural)
fietsje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: fiets

→ Caribbean Javanese: pit

→ Dutch Low Saxon: fietse

→ German: Fietse

desctree

→ Javanese: ꦥꦶꦠ꧀ (pit)
→ Indonesian: pit (“bicycle”)

→ West Frisian: fyts

Unknown. Various hypotheses exist:
* A corruption of French vélocipède, via an intermediate fieselepee or fietsepee.
* Named after bike seller E.C. Viets from Wageningen.
* From the dialectal verb vietsen (“to move quickly”).
* From German Vize as short for Vizepferd (literally “surrogate horse”).


hotelier

nl-noun

hotelier m (plural hoteliers, feminine hotelière)


woede

From Middle Dutch woet, from Old Dutch *wuot, *wuodi, from Proto-Germanic *wōþuz. Compare English wode.


floret

floret f (plural floretten, diminutive floretje n)

floretten (plural)
floretje (diminutive neuter)


huisarts

huisarts m (plural huisartsen, diminutive huisartsje n)

huisartsen (plural)
huisartsje (diminutive neuter)

→ Papiamentu: dokter di cas (calque)

De anderhalvemetereconomie zorgt ervoor dat huisartsen- en ziekenhuiszorg zo georganiseerd moeten worden dat patiënten, letterlijk en figuurlijk, waar dat kan zo veel mogelijk ob afstand worden gehouden tot er een vaccin gevonden is en dat breed wordt toegepast.

2021, Huber M., van den Brekel-Dijkstra K., Jung H.P., “Inleiding”, in Handboek Positieve Gezondheid in de huisartspraktijk, →DOI:

The one-and-a-half-meter economy means that general practitioners and hospitals must be organized so that, literally and figuratively, patients are distanced as much as possible until a vaccine is available and has been widely distributed.

general practitioner
general practitioner


baco

baco m (plural baco's, diminutive bacootje n)

baco's (plural)
bacootje (diminutive neuter)

A compound of the initial syllables of bacardi cola, from Bacardi (a brand of rum - although any brand of rum may be used in a baco) and cola. Such clipped compounds are common in informal usage; compare for example vrijmibo, esma, gito.


jeugd

From Middle Dutch joghet, juegt, from Old Dutch juginde, jugethe, from Proto-Germanic *jugunþiz, from earlier *juwunþi.


trouw

trouw f (plural trouwen, diminutive trouwtje n)

trouwen (plural)
trouwtje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch trouwe, from Old Dutch triuwa, from Proto-West Germanic *treuwu, from Proto-Germanic *trewwō.


passen

passen (infinitive)
passen (gerund neuter)
pas (first-person present singular)
paste (first-person past singular)
past (present second-person singular)
pas (present second-person singular)
paste (past second-person singular)
past (formal present second-person singular)
paste (formal past second-person singular)
past (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
past (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
paste (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
paste (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
past (present singular third-person)
paste (past singular third-person)
passen (plural present)
pasten (past plural)
passe (archaic present singular subjunctive)
paste (archaic past singular subjunctive)
passen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
pasten (archaic past plural subjunctive)
pas (imperative present singular)
past (archaic imperative plural present)
passend (participle present)
gepast (participle past)

Afrikaans: pas

Berbice Creole Dutch: pasi

Negerhollands: pas

→ Caribbean Javanese: pas

→ Papiamentu: pas

From Middle Dutch passen, from pas (modern pas).


passen

passen (infinitive)
passen (gerund neuter)
pass (first-person present singular)
passte (first-person past singular)
passt (present second-person singular)
pass (present second-person singular)
passte (past second-person singular)
passt (formal present second-person singular)
passte (formal past second-person singular)
passt (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
passt (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
passte (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
passte (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
passt (present singular third-person)
passte (past singular third-person)
passen (plural present)
passten (past plural)
passe (archaic present singular subjunctive)
passte (archaic past singular subjunctive)
passen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
passten (archaic past plural subjunctive)
pass (imperative present singular)
passt (archaic imperative plural present)
passend (participle present)
gepasst (participle past)

Borrowed from English pass. Equivalent to pass + -en.


bisschop

bisschop m (plural bisschoppen, diminutive bisschopje n)

bisschoppen (plural)
bisschopje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: biskop

→? Mahican: bishop

→ Malay: biskop

Indonesian: biskop

→ Sranan Tongo: biskop

From Middle Dutch bischop, from Old Dutch biskop, from Latin episcopus, from Ancient Greek ἐπίσκοπος (epískopos). The use of the term for mulled wine probably derived from English or German.
The chess sense is likely a semantic loan from English bishop.


huwelijk

huwelijk n (plural huwelijken, diminutive huwelijkje n)

huwelijken (plural)
huwelijkje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: hywlik, hiewlik

From Middle Dutch huwelic, huweleec, compound of huwen (“to marry”) + leec (“singing; playing, game”), thus originally referring to the wedding celebration (or less likely the sexual union). Cognate with Middle Low German hillik, Old High German hīleih.

Hun huwelijk duurde meer dan vijftig jaar.

Their marriage lasted for over fifty years.

Het gelukkige paar vierde hun huwelijk met een groot feest.

The happy couple celebrated their marriage with a grand party.

Het huwelijk is een wettelijk erkende verbintenis tussen twee personen.

Marriage is a legally recognized union between two individuals.


grammaticus

grammaticus m (plural grammatici, diminutive grammaticusje n)

grammatici (plural)
grammaticusje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from Latin grammaticus, from Ancient Greek γραμματικός (grammatikós).


doel

doel n (plural doelen, diminutive doeltje n)

doelen (plural)
doeltje (diminutive neuter)

→ Caribbean Javanese: dul

From Middle Dutch doel, doele (“ditch that separated two fields”), from Old Dutch *duola, from Proto-Germanic *dōlijǭ, *dōlijō (“dale, valley”). Related to dal (“dale, valley”). Likely, the initial meaning was "ditch, pit" which shifted to "pile of earth" to "pile of earth used as target in a shooting range" to "shooting target" to "goal".


visser

visser m (plural vissers, diminutive vissertje n, feminine visster)

vissers (plural)
vissertje (diminutive neuter)
visster (feminine)

Afrikaans: visser

From Middle Dutch vischer, visscher, from Old Dutch *fiskar, from Proto-Germanic *fiskārijaz. Equivalent to vissen + -er.

a fisher, a fisherman or, less commonly, a fisherwoman


Vlaming

Vlaming m (plural Vlamingen, diminutive Vlaminkje n, feminine Vlaamse)

Vlamingen (plural)
Vlaminkje (diminutive neuter)
Vlaamse (feminine)

→ Italian: fiammingo

→ Portuguese: flamengo

desctree

→ Spanish: flamenco
→ English: flamenco
→ French: flamenco
→ German: Flamenco
→ Italian: flamenco
→ Russian: фламе́нко (flaménko)

From Middle Dutch vlaminc, from Old Dutch flāmink, from Old Frisian *flāming, from *flām + -ing, the former from Proto-Germanic *flaumaz.


Fries

nl-noun

Fries m (plural Friezen, diminutive Friesje n, feminine Friese)

Friezen (plural)
Friesje (diminutive neuter)
Friese (feminine)

From Middle Dutch Friese, but also Vriese, Vrese, from Old Dutch *Frieso, probably via Old Saxon *Frēso. Borrowed and re-borrowed, at varying times in history, from Old Frisian Frēsa, Frīsa (modern West Frisian Fries). Probably ultimately from Proto-Germanic *frisaz (“curly, frizzy”), named for their curly hair. Also compare Latin Frisii.
Initial v- is expected from natural development from Old Dutch, in which voicing of initial f- to v- occurs naturally. The modern form with f- is probably influenced by the Frisian endonym. However, the original voiced consonant is retained in the common surname de Vries.

der

a Frisian, member of a Germanic people (both the modern people and the ancient Frisii); a speaker of one of the Frisian languages


kwaad

nl-adj

kwaad (comparative kwader, superlative kwaadst)

kwader (comparative)
kwaadst (superlative)
kwaad (adverbial positive predicative)
kwader (adverbial comparative predicative)
het kwaadst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het kwaadste (adverbial predicative superlative)
kwade (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
kwadere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
kwaadste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
kwaad (indefinite neuter positive singular)
kwader (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
kwaadste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
kwade (indefinite plural positive)
kwadere (comparative indefinite plural)
kwaadste (indefinite plural superlative)
kwade (definite positive)
kwadere (comparative definite)
kwaadste (definite superlative)
kwaads (partitive positive)
kwaders (comparative partitive)

Afrikaans: kwaad

Negerhollands: qwaet, quaat, qvaed

→ Virgin Islands Creole: kwat (dated)

Petjo: kwaai-kwaai

Skepi Creole Dutch: quat, qua

→ Sranan Tongo: kwai

→ Kari'na: kawài

From Middle Dutch quâet, from Old Dutch *kwāt, from Proto-West Germanic *kwād.


wereldoorlog

nl-noun

wereldoorlog m (plural wereldoorlogen, diminutive wereldoorlogje n)

wereldoorlogen (plural)
wereldoorlogje (diminutive neuter)


verkoper

verkoper m (plural verkopers, diminutive verkopertje n, feminine verkoopster)

verkopers (plural)
verkopertje (diminutive neuter)
verkoopster (feminine)

From verkopen (“to sell”) + -er. Cognate with German Verkäufer.

De vriendelijke verkoper hielp me bij het kiezen van een nieuwe laptop.

The friendly salesman helped me choose a new laptop.

De verkoopster toonde me verschillende jurken in de winkel.

The saleswoman showed me various dresses in the store.

De verkopers in de winkel waren zeer behulpzaam en gaven goed advies.

The sellers in the shop were very helpful and gave good advice.


makelaar

makelaar m (plural makelaars, diminutive makelaartje n)

makelaars (plural)
makelaartje (diminutive neuter)

→ Old French: maquerel

→ English: mackerel (obsolete)

English: mack

→ French: maquereau

→ Serbo-Croatian: makro

→ Indonesian: makelar

→ Papiamentu: makelar

From Middle Dutch makelare, from Old Frisian mek (“to marry”), from maken (“to make”), from Proto-West Germanic *makōn. Compare German Makler.

a real estate agent, broker in immovable property


econoom

econoom m (plural economen, diminutive econoompje n)

economen (plural)
econoompje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: ekonom

Borrowed from Latin oeconomus. Equivalent to eco- + -noom.


werker

werker m (plural werkers, diminutive werkertje n, feminine werkster)

werkers (plural)
werkertje (diminutive neuter)
werkster (feminine)

De werkers op het bouwterrein werken hard om het project op tijd af te krijgen.

The workers at the construction site are working hard to finish the project on time.

De fabriek heeft een team van bekwame werkers die de productielijn draaiende houden.

The factory has a team of skilled workers who keep the production line running.

De werkers eisten betere arbeidsvoorwaarden en hogere lonen.

The workers demanded better working conditions and higher wages.


arbeider

arbeider m (plural arbeiders, diminutive arbeidertje n, feminine arbeidster)

arbeiders (plural)
arbeidertje (diminutive neuter)
arbeidster (feminine)

Afrikaans: arbeider

Negerhollands: arbeider

From Middle Dutch arbeidere. Equivalent to arbeiden + -er.

De arbeider werkt hard op het bouwterrein.

The worker is working hard at the construction site.

De arbeiders staken voor betere arbeidsvoorwaarden.

The workers are striking for better working conditions.

De jongen wil later een arbeider worden.

The boy wants to become a labourer in the future.


politica

politica f (plural politica's, diminutive politicaatje n, masculine politicus)

politica's (plural)
politicaatje (diminutive neuter)
politicus (masculine)

Either borrowed from Latin politica or formed in Dutch from politicus + -a.


ondergoed

ondergoed n (uncountable, diminutive ondergoedje n)

Afrikaans: ondergoed


klant

klant m (plural klanten, diminutive klantje n, feminine klante)

klanten (plural)
klantje (diminutive neuter)
klante (feminine)

Afrikaans: klant

→ West Frisian: klant

From Middle Dutch calant (“person, friend”), from Old Northern French calant (compare regular Old French chalant), from Old French chaloir (“to heat, to care about”), from Latin caleō (“to be hot”).

der

De klant is altijd koning in deze winkel.

The customer is always king in this store.


advocaat

nl-noun

advocaat m (plural advocaten, diminutive advocaatje n, feminine advocate)

advocaten (plural)
advocaatje (diminutive neuter)
advocate (feminine)

Afrikaans: advokaat

→ Indonesian: advokat

→ Peranakan Indonesian: advocaat

→ Sranan Tongo: afkati

From Middle Dutch advocaet, from Latin advocātus, from verb advocō (“to summon”).


advocaat

advocaat f (plural advocaten, diminutive advocaatje n)

advocaten (plural)
advocaatje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: advokaat

→ English: advocaat

→ Polish: adwokat

Uncertain; perhaps a clipping of advocatenborrel (“lawyer's drink”), as the drink would lubricate the throat for good speaking. Another theory sees a connection with Spanish aguacate (“avocado”), as the fruit can be used to make a thick drink.

(also uncountable) an alcoholic beverage made of liquor or pure alcohol, egg yolks and sugar or honey, similar to eggnog; advocaat


drukken

drukken (infinitive)
drukken (gerund neuter)
druk (first-person present singular)
drukte (first-person past singular)
drukt (present second-person singular)
druk (present second-person singular)
drukte (past second-person singular)
drukt (formal present second-person singular)
drukte (formal past second-person singular)
drukt (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
drukt (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
drukte (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
drukte (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
drukt (present singular third-person)
drukte (past singular third-person)
drukken (plural present)
drukten (past plural)
drukke (archaic present singular subjunctive)
drukte (archaic past singular subjunctive)
drukken (archaic plural present subjunctive)
drukten (archaic past plural subjunctive)
druk (imperative present singular)
drukt (archaic imperative plural present)
drukkend (participle present)
gedrukt (participle past)

Afrikaans: druk

→ Caribbean Javanese: nggedrig

→ Papiamentu: drùk, druk

From Middle Dutch drucken, from Old Dutch *thrucken, from Proto-West Germanic *þrukkijan, from Proto-Germanic *þrukkijaną.

(reflexive, hunting, of a hunted animal) to hide (by pressing its body close to the ground)


ouder

ouder m (plural ouders, diminutive oudertje n)

ouders (plural)
oudertje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: ouders, ouder

From Middle Dutch ouder, the comparative form of oud.

parent, father or mother; by extension a substitute caregiver


Mozes

Negerhollands: Moses


theoloog

theoloog m (plural theologen, diminutive theoloogje n, feminine theologe)

theologen (plural)
theoloogje (diminutive neuter)
theologe (feminine)


schrijver

schrijver m (plural schrijvers, diminutive schrijvertje n, feminine schrijfster)

schrijvers (plural)
schrijvertje (diminutive neuter)
schrijfster (feminine)

Afrikaans: skrywer

From Middle Dutch schriver. Equivalent to schrijven + -er.


dichter

dichter m (plural dichters, diminutive dichtertje n, feminine dichteres)

dichters (plural)
dichtertje (diminutive neuter)
dichteres (feminine)

Afrikaans: digter

From Middle Dutch dichtere. Equivalent to dichten + -er.


gedicht

gedicht n (plural gedichten, diminutive gedichtje n)

gedichten (plural)
gedichtje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: gedig

From Middle Dutch gedichte. Equivalent to an action noun derived from dichten, from Latin dictare. Compare German Gedicht, Old English gediht.


vegetariër

vegetariër m or f (plural vegetariërs, diminutive vegetariërtje n)

vegetariërs (plural)
vegetariërtje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed, initially directly, from German Vegetarier, later reinforced by English vegetarian.


landbouwer

landbouwer m (plural landbouwers, diminutive landbouwertje n)

landbouwers (plural)
landbouwertje (diminutive neuter)


bouwer

bouwer m (plural bouwers, diminutive bouwertje n, feminine bouwster)

bouwers (plural)
bouwertje (diminutive neuter)
bouwster (feminine)


kunstenaar

kunstenaar m (plural kunstenaars or (archaic) kunstenaren, diminutive kunstenaartje n, feminine kunstenares)

kunstenaars (plural)
kunstenaren (archaic plural)
kunstenaartje (diminutive neuter)
kunstenares (feminine)


tennissen

tennissen (infinitive)
tennissen (gerund neuter)
tennis (first-person present singular)
tenniste (first-person past singular)
tennist (present second-person singular)
tennis (present second-person singular)
tenniste (past second-person singular)
tennist (formal present second-person singular)
tenniste (formal past second-person singular)
tennist (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular)
tennist (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular)
tenniste (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular)
tenniste (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular)
tennist (present singular third-person)
tenniste (past singular third-person)
tennissen (plural present)
tennisten (past plural)
tennisse (archaic present singular subjunctive)
tenniste (archaic past singular subjunctive)
tennissen (archaic plural present subjunctive)
tennisten (archaic past plural subjunctive)
tennis (imperative present singular)
tennist (archaic imperative plural present)
tennissend (participle present)
getennist (participle past)


tennisser

tennisser m (plural tennissers, diminutive tennissertje n, feminine tennisster)

tennissers (plural)
tennissertje (diminutive neuter)
tennisster (feminine)


waard

waard m (plural waarden, diminutive waardje n, feminine waardin)

waarden (plural)
waardje (diminutive neuter)
waardin (feminine)

From Middle Dutch wāert, wēert, from Old Dutch *wert, from Proto-Germanic *werduz.

zoals de waard is, vertrouwt hij zijn gasten