evangelist

nl-noun

evangelist m (plural evangelisten, diminutive evangelistje n)

evangelisten (plural)
evangelistje (diminutive neuter)

Negerhollands: evangelist

From Middle Dutch ewangeliste, from Old French evangeliste, from Latin ēvangelista, from Ancient Greek εὐαγγελιστής (euangelistḗs). Equivalent to evangelie + -ist.

der

εὐαγγελιστής

(Protestantism) a preacher in an evangelical church


modern

nl-adj

modern (comparative moderner, superlative modernst)

moderner (comparative)
modernst (superlative)
modern (adverbial positive predicative)
moderner (adverbial comparative predicative)
het modernst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het modernste (adverbial predicative superlative)
moderne (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
modernere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
modernste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
modern (indefinite neuter positive singular)
moderner (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
modernste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
moderne (indefinite plural positive)
modernere (comparative indefinite plural)
modernste (indefinite plural superlative)
moderne (definite positive)
modernere (comparative definite)
modernste (definite superlative)
moderns (partitive positive)
moderners (comparative partitive)

→ Indonesian: modern

→ Papiamentu: modern (dated)

Borrowed from Middle French moderne, from Latin modernus.


malcontent

nl-noun

malcontent m (plural malcontenten, diminutive malcontentje n)

malcontenten (plural)
malcontentje (diminutive neuter)

(historical, Protestantism) a liberal Protestant in the early 20th century who rejected conventional liberalism and almost deistic theology and advocated social gospel theology and politics


heilige

From Middle Dutch heilige, from Old Dutch hēligo.

/ˈɦɛi̯.lə.ɣə/

(Protestantism, early Christianity) a Christian believer, a member of the church


verkiezing

verkiezing f (plural verkiezingen, diminutive verkiezinkje n)

verkiezingen (plural)
verkiezinkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: verkiesing

Negerhollands: verkiesing

From Middle Dutch verkiesinge. Equivalent to verkiezen + -ing.

(Protestantism) election, predestination of the elect in orthodox Calvinism


classis

→ Indonesian: klasis

(Protestantism) a supracongregational, regional executive body, intermediate in size or rank between the consistory of an individual congregation and a provincial synod


voorganger

voorganger m (plural voorgangers, diminutive voorgangertje n, feminine voorgangster)

voorgangers (plural)
voorgangertje (diminutive neuter)
voorgangster (feminine)

Negerhollands: voorgang

/ˈvoːrˌɣɑ.ŋər/

From Middle Dutch voreganger. Equivalent to voorgaan + -er.


baviaan

baviaan m (plural bavianen, diminutive baviaantje n)

bavianen (plural)
baviaantje (diminutive neuter)

Berbice Creole Dutch: babiana

→ German: Pavian (see there for further descendants)

From Middle Dutch baubijn, from Old French babuin, perhaps from baboe (“grimace”).
The spelling with -iaen (modern spelling: -iaan) first appears in the sixteenth century, becoming common in the seventeenth century, perhaps due to the Arminian controversy as a rhyme for arminiaan.

(obsolete, Protestantism, derogatory) Arminian, Remonstrant


leraar

leraar m (plural leraren, diminutive leraartje n, feminine lerares)

leraren (plural)
leraartje (diminutive neuter)
lerares (feminine)

Afrikaans: leraar

Negerhollands: leeraar

→ Papiamentu: leraar, leeraar

From Middle Dutch leeraer, leerre. Equivalent to leren (“to teach”) + -aar (“-er”). Doublet of leerder (“learner”).

(chiefly Protestantism) a Protestant clergyman, a reverend


dominee

dominee m (plural dominees, diminutive domineetje n)

dominees (plural)
domineetje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: dominee

Berbice Creole Dutch: domni

Negerhollands: domine, domni

Petjo: dominee

Skepi Creole Dutch: domine, domni

→ Aukan: Dominei

→ Caribbean Javanese: dhomeni

→ English: dominee

→ Indonesian: domine

→ Papiamentu: domi

→ Saramaccan: dómíni

→ Sranan Tongo: domri

Borrowed from Latin domine, vocative of dominus.

(religion) minister, pastor in several Protestant denominations


zending

zending f (plural zendingen, diminutive zendinkje n)

zendingen (plural)
zendinkje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: sending

→ Indonesian: zending

From Middle Dutch sendinge. Equivalent to zenden + -ing.


zendeling

zendeling m (plural zendelingen, diminutive zendelingetje n)

zendelingen (plural)
zendelingetje (diminutive neuter)

→ Indonesian: zendeling


oudste

(Protestantism) a preacher in early and conservative Mennonitism who was allowed to administer sacraments; identified with the New-Testament episkopos


hervorming

/ˌɦɛrˈvɔr.mɪŋ/

(history, Protestantism, definite article) Reformation


diaconie

(Protestantism) a legal person, usually a committee, responsible for the ecclesiastical administration of charity


diaken

diaken m (plural diakenen or diakens, diminutive diakentje n, feminine diacones or diakones)

diakenen (plural)
diakens (plural)
diakentje (diminutive neuter)
diacones (feminine)
diakones (feminine)

Inherited from Middle Dutch diaken, from Ecclesiastical Latin diāconus, from Ancient Greek διᾱ́κονος (diā́konos, “servant, minister”).

der

(Protestantism) deacon (person involved in an ecclesiastical lay office for social affairs and charity)


kerkdienst

nl-noun

kerkdienst m (plural kerkdiensten, diminutive kerkdienstje n)

kerkdiensten (plural)
kerkdienstje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: kerkdiens

Compound of kerk (“church”) + dienst (“service”).

(chiefly Protestantism) church service (Christian religious meeting taking place in accordance with liturgy)


consulent

Afrikaans: konsulent

→ Indonesian: konsulen

(Protestantism) a minister of a congregation who temporarily also serves another congregation with a vacancy


diacones

diacones f (plural diaconessen, diminutive diaconesje n, masculine diaken)

diaconessen (plural)
diaconesje (diminutive neuter)
diaken (masculine)

Afrikaans: diakones

Borrowed from French diaconesse, ultimately from Latin diaconissa. More or less equivalent to diaken + -es.

(Protestantism) a deaconess, a female deacon


gezang

gezang n (plural gezangen, diminutive gezangetje n)

gezangen (plural)
gezangetje (diminutive neuter)

From Middle Dutch gesanc. Equivalent to a verbal noun from zingen.

(in particular, religion, especially Protestantism) a hymn; a religious song, usually excluding psalms


godzaligheid

From godzalig + -heid, calque of German Gottseeligkeit.

(Protestantism, archaic) devotion, piety


consistorie

consistorie n (plural consistories, diminutive consistorietje n)

consistories (plural)
consistorietje (diminutive neuter)

Afrikaans: konsistorie

→ Indonesian: konsistori

→ West Frisian: konsistoarje

consistory
(Protestantism) congregational council


consistorie

consistorie f (plural consistories, diminutive consistorietje n)

The same as etymology 1 or a shortening of consistoriekamer.

(Protestantism) consistory, room where such a church council usually gathers for meetings


piëtisme

piëtisme n (plural piëtismen or piëtismes)

(Christianity, chiefly Protestantism) pietism


hernhutter

hernhutter m (plural hernhutters, diminutive hernhuttertje n)

hernhutters (plural)
hernhuttertje (diminutive neuter)

/ˈɦɛrnˌɦʏ.tər/

Ca. 1750. Borrowed from German Herrnhuter.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

1746, C. Boumans, "Ontwerp van C. Boumans Afſcheyds Brief", in Eysbrant Nergens, Pleitreeden voor deurhofs Job, publ. by Folkert van der Plaats, 28. Die dan Gemoeds Openbaringen, ten voordeele der vreemde, dwalende, en onſe Kerke verſmadende Hernhutters ontfangen, word helaas aan niemand iets geopenbaard van myn onſchuld, (...)


domper

domper m (plural dompers, diminutive dompertje n)

dompers (plural)
dompertje (diminutive neuter)

From dompen (“to dim, to dampen, to extinguish”) + -er (denominative agent suffix).

af

(Netherlands, historical, Protestantism, derogatory, by extension) reactionary orthodox Protestant linked to the Réveil


confessioneel

nl-noun

confessioneel m (plural confessionelen, diminutive confessioneeltje n)

confessionelen (plural)
confessioneeltje (diminutive neuter)

Borrowed from French confessionnel. Equivalent to confessie + -eel.

(historical, Protestantism) orthodox Protestant fixated on creedal rectitude


slijkgeus

slijkgeus m (plural slijkgeuzen, diminutive slijkgeusje n)

slijkgeuzen (plural)
slijkgeusje (diminutive neuter)

(obsolete, Protestantism, derogatory) Gomarist


reformatorisch

reformatorisch (adverbial positive predicative)
reformatorische (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
reformatorisch (indefinite neuter positive singular)
reformatorische (indefinite plural positive)
reformatorische (definite positive)
reformatorisch (partitive positive)

→ West Frisian: reformatoarysk

From reformatie + -orisch or borrowed from German reformatorisch.

pertaining to ultra-orthodox Reformed Protestantism


richter

richter m (plural richters or richteren)

(dated, Protestantism) biblical judge (the usual plural is richteren)


naamchristen

18th century. Compound of naam + christen.

(Protestantism, derogatory) false Christian, a Christian (practising or nominal) who doesn't adhere to orthodox Pietist standards


christendommelijk

nl-adj

christendommelijk (comparative christendommelijker, superlative christendommelijkst)

christendommelijker (comparative)
christendommelijkst (superlative)
christendommelijk (adverbial positive predicative)
christendommelijker (adverbial comparative predicative)
het christendommelijkst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het christendommelijkste (adverbial predicative superlative)
christendommelijke (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
christendommelijkere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
christendommelijkste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
christendommelijk (indefinite neuter positive singular)
christendommelijker (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
christendommelijkste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
christendommelijke (indefinite plural positive)
christendommelijkere (comparative indefinite plural)
christendommelijkste (indefinite plural superlative)
christendommelijke (definite positive)
christendommelijkere (comparative definite)
christendommelijkste (definite superlative)
christendommelijks (partitive positive)
christendommelijkers (comparative partitive)

From christendom + -e- + -lijk. From the 20th century.

(theology, chiefly Protestantism, derogatory) pertaining to (petit bourgeois) Christendom


gereformeerd

gereformeerd (adverbial positive predicative)
gereformeerde (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
gereformeerd (indefinite neuter positive singular)
gereformeerde (indefinite plural positive)
gereformeerde (definite positive)
gereformeerds (partitive positive)

Past participle from reformeren (“to reform”).

(Protestantism in other contexts) Reformed


bevindelijk

bevindelijk (adverbial positive predicative)
bevindelijke (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
bevindelijk (indefinite neuter positive singular)
bevindelijke (indefinite plural positive)
bevindelijke (definite positive)
bevindelijks (partitive positive)

Afrikaans: bevindelik

(Protestantism) of or pertaining to certain conservative orthodox (sections of) Reformed churches that emphasise strict scriptural authority and a passive experiential mysticism; ultraorthodox


weerloosheid

(Protestantism, uncountable) nonviolence; the rejection of any violence even for self-defence, as practiced by the historic peace churches, especially the Anabaptists


weerloosheidsbeginsel

Compound of weerloosheid + -s- + beginsel.

(Protestantism, uncountable) principle of nonviolence, as practiced by the historic peace churches, especially in reference to the Anabaptists


tegenpartijder

nl-noun

tegenpartijder m (plural tegenpartijders)

From tegenpartij + -er with epenthetic intervocalic -d-.

(dated, now only used in orthodox Protestantism) opponent, one who opposes (chiefly in political, moral, military or legal contexts)


vroegpreek

Compound of vroeg + preek. Attested slightly later than vroegpredicatie, of which it might be a shortening.

't Voorgaande was des Sondags morgens, eer de vroegpreek uit was, al gebeurd.

1691, Balthasar Bekker, De betoverde wereld, page 187:

The aforementioned has already happened on Sunday morning, before the early morning service has concluded.

Zoo zal de natuuronderzoeker, die des zondag's morgens de kerk verzuimt, of naar de vroegpreek is geweest (wat ik liever onderstellen wil) en om tien uren, half elf, in den Hout komt, op het Plein of bij den Koekamp (de naam is niet welluidend), eenige zwermen feestvierende vogels van den Haarlemmerdijk inhalen, per schuit van zevenen uit Amsterdam vertrokken.

1839, Nicolaas Beets, “Een onaangenaam mensch in den Haarlemmerhout”, in Camera obscura:

Then the naturalist, who has neglected to go to church on Sunday morning, or has gone to the early morning service (which I would rather suppose) and enters the Hout at ten o'clock, half past ten, will overtake a few flocks of partying birds [a zoomorphic metaphor, not a slang term] coming from the Haarlemmerdijk at the Plein or the Koekamp (the name is not euphonious), who had departed from Amsterdam with the barge of seven o'clock.

(Protestantism) a religious service held in the early morning, earlier than a usual morning service


geestdrijver

Compound of geest (“spirit, Holy Spirit; mind”) + drijven (“to drive, to lead, to chase”) + -er.

af

(religion, chiefly Protestantism) a zealot who purports to be guided by a deity, in particular by the Holy Spirit; originally used of Protestant sectaries who insisted on leadership by the Holy Spirit


buitentrouw

(historical, Protestantism, Anabaptism) marriage outside one's religious group, as a practice condemned by early Anabaptists


vroegpredicatie

nl-noun

vroegpredicatie f (plural vroegpredicaties)

Compound of vroeg + preek. Attested slightly earlier than vroegpreek, which might be a shortening of this term.

1673, Hieronymus Sweerts, "Gedachten in 't gaan na de Vroeg-predicatie" (written Vroegpredicatie in the index), Innerlycke ziel-tochten op 't H. Avontmaal en andere voorvallende gelegentheden, publ. by Hieronymus Sweerts, page 98.

1864, Willem Hendrik Haverkorn van Rijsewijk, Geschiedenis van de Gasthuiskerk en van den gasthuispredikant te Delft, J. H. Molenbroek (publ.), page 67. 1669. Op den 20ˢᵗᵉⁿ Januarij is in de vroegpredicatie gedoopt een nieuw geboren Dochtertje van Jacob Cornelisse, […]

(Protestantism, archaic) a religious service held early in the morning, earlier than a usual morning service


godzalig

nl-adj

godzalig (comparative godzaliger, superlative godzaligst)

godzaliger (comparative)
godzaligst (superlative)
godzalig (adverbial positive predicative)
godzaliger (adverbial comparative predicative)
het godzaligst (adverbial predicative superlative)
het godzaligste (adverbial predicative superlative)
godzalige (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
godzaligere (comparative feminine indefinite masculine singular)
godzaligste (feminine indefinite masculine singular superlative)
godzalig (indefinite neuter positive singular)
godzaliger (comparative indefinite neuter singular)
godzaligste (indefinite neuter singular superlative)
godzalige (indefinite plural positive)
godzaligere (comparative indefinite plural)
godzaligste (indefinite plural superlative)
godzalige (definite positive)
godzaligere (comparative definite)
godzaligste (definite superlative)
godzaligs (partitive positive)
godzaligers (comparative partitive)

From god + zalig, a calque of German gottselig.


Noach

(chiefly Protestantism) Noah (mythological Biblical figure)


veldprediker

(historical, otherwise dated, chiefly Protestantism) an military chaplain, usually a Protestant one


confessie

From Middle Dutch confessie, from Old French confession, from Latin cōnfessiō.

(Christianity, chiefly Protestantism) a confession, a statement of faith

(Christianity, chiefly Protestantism) a confession, a formula stating articles of faith


Epifaniën

Ultimately from Late Latin epiphanīa, from Ancient Greek ἐπιφάνεια (epipháneia).


beeldendienst

nl-noun

beeldendienst m (plural beeldendiensten)

(Protestantism, derogatory) idolatry directed at statues (religious worship or veneration of statuary) (often as a derogatory term used against Roman Catholicism)


Ledeboeriaan

(Protestantism) a follower of the ultraorthodox Reformed minister Lambertus Gerardus Cornelis Ledeboer, characterised by extreme conservatism and distrust of centralism


uitverkiezen

uitverkiezen (infinitive)
uitverkiezen (gerund neuter)
verkies uit (first-person main-clause present singular)
verkoos uit (first-person main-clause past singular)
uitverkies (first-person present singular subordinate-clause)
uitverkoos (first-person past singular subordinate-clause)
verkiest uit (main-clause present second-person singular)
verkies uit (main-clause present second-person singular)
verkoos uit (main-clause past second-person singular)
uitverkiest (present second-person singular subordinate-clause)
uitverkoos (past second-person singular subordinate-clause)
verkiest uit (formal main-clause present second-person singular)
verkoos uit (formal main-clause past second-person singular)
uitverkiest (formal present second-person singular subordinate-clause)
uitverkoos (formal past second-person singular subordinate-clause)
verkiest uit (Flanders colloquial main-clause present second-person singular)
verkiest uit (archaic formal main-clause majestic present second-person singular)
verkoost uit (Flanders colloquial main-clause past second-person singular)
verkoost uit (archaic formal main-clause majestic past second-person singular)
uitverkiest (Flanders colloquial present second-person singular subordinate-clause)
uitverkiest (archaic formal majestic present second-person singular subordinate-clause)
uitverkoost (Flanders colloquial past second-person singular subordinate-clause)
uitverkoost (archaic formal majestic past second-person singular subordinate-clause)
verkiest uit (main-clause present singular third-person)
verkoos uit (main-clause past singular third-person)
uitverkiest (present singular subordinate-clause third-person)
uitverkoos (past singular subordinate-clause third-person)
verkiezen uit (main-clause plural present)
verkozen uit (main-clause past plural)
uitverkiezen (plural present subordinate-clause)
uitverkozen (past plural subordinate-clause)
verkieze uit (archaic main-clause present singular subjunctive)
verkoze uit (archaic main-clause past singular subjunctive)
uitverkieze (archaic present singular subjunctive subordinate-clause)
uitverkoze (archaic past singular subjunctive subordinate-clause)
verkiezen uit (archaic main-clause plural present subjunctive)
verkozen uit (archaic main-clause past plural subjunctive)
uitverkiezen (archaic plural present subjunctive subordinate-clause)
uitverkozen (archaic past plural subjunctive subordinate-clause)
verkies uit (imperative main-clause present singular)
verkiest uit (archaic imperative main-clause plural present)
uitverkiezend (main-clause participle present)
uitverkozen (main-clause participle past)

From Middle Dutch uteverkiesen. Equivalent to uit + verkiezen.

(transitive, now chiefly Protestantism) to choose, to elect, to predestine


arminiaan

→ English: Arminian

(Protestantism) Arminian, especially a Remonstrant


arminiaans

arminiaans (adverbial positive predicative)
arminiaanse (feminine indefinite masculine positive singular)
arminiaans (indefinite neuter positive singular)
arminiaanse (indefinite plural positive)
arminiaanse (definite positive)
arminiaans (partitive positive)


presbyterianisme

Borrowed from English Presbyterianism. Equivalent to presbyteriaan + -isme.


collegiant

(historical, Protestantism) a member of a loose grouping of antidogmatic Protestant dissenters, originating from Warmond and Rijnsburg stressing toleration, rationalism, mysticism and millenarianism, chiefly during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries


vermaner

From Middle Dutch vermaner. Equivalent to vermanen + -er.

(Protestantism) a Mennonite preacher who is not qualified to administer sacraments


lutherij

(now obsolete, derogatory, countable) a view or action perceived as typical of Lutheranism


vluchtelingengemeente

vluchtelingengemeente f (plural vluchtelingengemeenten or vluchtelingengemeentes)

vluchtelingengemeenten (plural)
vluchtelingengemeentes (plural)

Compound of vluchteling + -en- + gemeente.

(Christianity, chiefly Protestantism) refugee congregation


nachtmaal

From Middle Dutch nachtmael (“supper”). Equivalent to nacht + maal.

(now chiefly historical, Protestantism) the Lord's Supper


grootdoop

(Protestantism, rare) adult baptism, believers' baptism


volwassendoop

(Protestantism) adult baptism, believers' baptism


zwaardgeest

Compound of zwaard (“sword”) + geest (“spirit, mind”). Originally a derogatory term used by Mennonites.

compound

(historical, Protestantism) a violent Anabaptist of the group led by Jan van Batenburg, supporting the Münster rebellion; a Batenburger


ziekentrooster

nl-noun

ziekentrooster m (plural ziekentroosters)

Compound of zieke + -n- + troosten + -er.

(historical, Protestantism) a low-ranking Reformed cleric who provided pastoral care and catechism, said public prayers and was allowed to read but not write sermons


coccejaan

(historical, Protestantism) a follower of Johannes Cocceius in the Reformed church during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, advocating a prefigurative, less literalist, federal theology associated with openness to non-scholastic philosophy (especially Cartesianism) and acceptance of heliocentrism


stormgeweer

From stormen (“to storm, to assault”) + geweer (“long gun, rifle; weapon”), in the sense “assault rifle” a calque of German Sturmgewehr.

compound

(archaic, rare, chiefly Protestantism) any weapon or weaponry used for storming a settlement or fortification